1

Problems of 3rd Iranian Geometry Olympiad 2016 (Elementary)

1. Ali wants to move from point A to point B. He cannot walk inside the
black areas but he is free to move in any direction inside the white areas (not
only the grid lines but the whole plane). Help Ali to find the shortest path
between A and B. Only draw the path and write its length.

P roposed by M orteza Saghaf ian

2. Let be the circumcircle of triangle ABC with AC > AB. Let X be a

point on AC and Y be a point on the circle , such that CX = CY = AB.
(The points A and Y lie on different sides of the line BC). The line XY intersects for the second time in point P . Show that P B = P C.
P roposed by Iman M aghsoudi

3. Suppose that ABCD is a convex quadrilateral with no parallel sides. Make

a parallelogram on each two consecutive sides. Show that among these 4 new
points, there is only one point inside the quadrilateral ABCD.
P roposed by M orteza Saghaf ian

4. In a right-angled triangle ABC (A = 90 ), the perpendicular bisector

of BC intersects the line AC in K and the perpendicular bisector of BK intersects the line AB in L. If the line CL be the internal bisector of angle C, find
all possible values for angles B and C.
P roposed by M ahdi Etesami F ard

5. Let ABCD be a convex quadrilateral with these properties:

ADC = 135 and ADBABD = 2DAB = 4CBD. If BC = 2CD

prove that AB = BC + AD.
P roposed by M ahdi Etesami F ard

Problems of 3rd Iranian Geometry Olympiad 2016 (Medium)

1. In trapezoid ABCD with AB k CD, 1 and 2 are two circles with diameters AD and BC, respectively. Let X and Y be two arbitrary points on 1
and 2 , respectively. Show that the length of segment XY is not more than
half of the perimeter of ABCD.
P roposed by M ahdi Etesami F ard

2. Let two circles C1 and C2 intersect in points A and B. The tangent to

C1 at A intersects C2 in P and the line P B intersects C1 for the second time
in Q (suppose that Q is outside C2 ). The tangent to C2 from Q intersects C1
and C2 in C and D, respectively (The points A and D lie on different sides of
the line P Q). Show that AD is bisector of the angle CAP .
P roposed by Iman M aghsoudi

3. Find all positive integers N such that there exists a triangle which can
be dissected into N similar quadrilaterals.
P roposed by N ikolai Beluhov (Bulgaria) and M orteza Saghaf ian

4. Let be the circumcircle of right-angled triangle ABC (A = 90 ). Tangent to at point A intersects the line BC in point P . Suppose that M is the
midpoint of (the smaller) arc AB, and P M intersects for the second time in
Q. Tangent to at point Q intersects AC in K. Prove that P KC = 90 .
P roposed by Davood V akili

5. Let the circles and 0 intersect in points A and B. Tangent to circle

at A intersects 0 in C and tangent to circle 0 at A intersects in D.
Suppose that the internal bisector of CAD intersects and 0 at E and F ,
respectively, and the external bisector of CAD intersects and 0 in X and
Y , respectively. Prove that the perpendicular bisector of XY is tangent to the
circumcircle of triangle BEF .
P roposed by M ahdi Etesami F ard

Problems of 3rd Iranian Geometry Olympiad 2016 (Advanced)

1. Let the circles and 0 intersect in A and B. Tangent to circle at A

intersects 0 in C and tangent to circle 0 at A intersects in D. Suppose that
the segment CD intersects and 0 in E and F , respectively (assume that E
is between F and C). The perpendicular to AC from E intersects 0 in point
P and perpendicular to AD from F intersects in point Q (The points A, P
and Q lie on the same side of the line CD). Prove that the points A, P and Q
are collinear.
P roposed by M ahdi Etesami F ard
2. In acute-angled triangle ABC, altitude of A meets BC at D, and M is
midpoint of AC. Suppose that X is a point such that AXB = DXM = 90
(assume that X and C lie on opposite sides of the line BM ). Show that
XM B = 2M BC.
P roposed by Davood V akili
3. Let P be the intersection point of sides AD and BC of a convex qualrilateral ABCD. Suppose that I1 and I2 are the incenters of triangles P AB and
P DC, respectively. Let O be the circumcenter of P AB, and H the orthocenter
of P DC. Show that the circumcircles of triangles AI1 B and DHC are tangent
together if and only if the circumcircles of triangles AOB and DI2 C are tangent
together.
P roposed by Hooman F attahimoghaddam
4. In a convex quadrilateral ABCD, the lines AB and CD meet at point
E and the lines AD and BC meet at point F . Let P be the intersection point
of diagonals AC and BD. Suppose that 1 is a circle passing through D and
tangent to AC at P . Also suppose that 2 is a circle passing through C and
tangent to BD at P . Let X be the intersection point of 1 and AD, and Y
be the intersection point of 2 and BC. Suppose that the circles 1 and 2
intersect each other in Q for the second time. Prove that the perpendicular
from P to the line EF passes through the circumcenter of triangle XQY .
P roposed by Iman M aghsoudi
5. Do there exist six points X1 , X2 , Y1 , Y2 , Z1 , Z2 in the plane such that all
of the triangles Xi Yj Zk are similar for 1 i, j, k 2?
P roposed by M orteza Saghaf ian

Solutions of 3nd Iranian Geometry Olympiad 2016 (Elementary)

1. Ali wants to move from point A to point B. He cannot walk inside the
black areas but he is free to move in any direction inside the white areas (not
only the grid lines but the whole plane). Help Ali to find the shortest path
between A and B. Only draw the path and write its length.

P roposed by M orteza Saghaf ian

Solution.

According to Pythagorean theorem, the length of the path AB is equal to:

p
p
p

32 + 3 2 + 32 + 4 2 + 1 + 22 + 2 2 + 1 = 7 + 5 2

2.Let be the circumcircle of triangle ABC with AC > AB. Let X be a point
on AC and Y be a point on the circle , such that CX = CY = AB. (The
points A and Y lie on different sides of the line BC). The line XY intersects
for the second time in point P . Show that P B = P C.
P roposed by Iman M aghsoudi

Solution.
We know that CX = CY therefore:
Y XC = XY C

_ _

AP + CY =P C

_ _

_ _

Also we have AB = CY therefore AP + CY =AP + AB=P B, so P B = P C.

3. Suppose that ABCD is a convex quadrilateral with no parallel sides. Make

a parallelogram on each two consecutive sides. Show that among these 4 new
points, there is only one point inside the quadrilateral ABCD.
P roposed by M orteza Saghaf ian

Solution.
Its clear that the ray from B parallel to AD passes through the quadrilateral
if and only if DAB + ABC > 180 .
We have to find a parallelogram such that both of its rays pass thorough
ABCD. Among A, B and C, D there is exactly one set with sum of angles
greater than 180 . Also among A, D and B, D there is exactly one set with sum
of angles greater than 180 . These two good sets have a vertex in common, say
A. So both of the rays from B parallel to AD, and from D parallel to AB, are
inside the quadlirateral.

4. In a right-angled triangle ABC (A = 90 ), the perpendicular bisector of

BC intersects the line AC in K and the perpendicular bisector of BK intersects
the line AB in L. If the line CL be the internal bisector of angle C, find all
possible values for angles B and C.
P roposed by M ahdi Etesami F ard

Solution.
We have three cases:
Case i. AC > AB. We know that:
LBK = LKB = KLA = 2 LKA = 90 2

BKA
= 45
2
2
Let T be a point on BC such that LT BC. We know that the line CL is the
internal bisector of angle C, so LT = LA also we have LB = LK therefore two
triangles BT L and KAL are congruent.
BK = CK

KBC = KCB =

= 90 2 = 18
2
= 54 and C = 36

LBT = LKA 45 +
Therefore B = 45 +

Case ii. AC < AB. We know that:

LBK = LKB = KLA = 2 LKA = 90 2
Let T be a point on BC such that LT BC. We know that the line CL is the
internal bisector of angle C, so LT = LA also we have LB = LK therefore two
triangles BT L and KAL are equal.
LBT = LKA = 90 2 CBK = BKC = 90
On the other hand we have:
BK = CK

CBK = BKC = 60 = 30

Therefore B = 90 2 = 30 and C = 60

Case iii. AC = AB. In this case, K A and L is the midpoint of AB. Let T
be a point on BC such that LT BC. We know that the line CL is the internal
bisector of angle C, so LT = LA = LB which is impossible.

10

5. Let ABCD be a convex quadrilateral with these properties:

ADC = 135 and ADBABD = 2DAB = 4CBD. If BC = 2CD

prove that AB = BC + AD.
P roposed by M ahdi Etesami F ard

Solution.
Suppose that CBD = , so DAB = 2, therefore:
ADB ABD = 4 , ADB + ABD = 180 2
ADB = 90 + , ABD = 90 3 DAB + CBA = 90
Let P be intersection point of AD and BC. So we have AP
B = 90 . On the

other hand we know that P DC = 45 , therefore P D = 22 CD = BC

2

Let the point Q be the reflection of point D in point P , Thus QD = 2P D = BC.

We know that two triangles DP B and QP B are congruent. So CBD =
CBQ = , therefore ABQ = 90 . On the other hand DAB = 2, so
the triangle ABQ is isosceles.
AB = AQ AB = DQ + AD = BC + AD
.

11

Solutions of 3nd Iranian Geometry Olympiad 2016 (Medium)

1. In trapezoid ABCD with AB k CD, 1 and 2 are two circles with diameters AD and BC, respectively. Let X and Y be two arbitrary points on 1
and 2 , respectively. Show that the length of segment XY is not more than
half of the perimeter of ABCD.
P roposed by M ahdi Etesami F ard

First solution.
Let O1 and O2 be the centers of circles 1 and 2 , respectively. Its clear that
O1 and O2 are the midpoints of AD and BC, respectively.
BC
AB + CD
AD
, Y O2 =
, O 1 O2 =
2
2
2
AB + BC + CD + DA
XY XO1 + O1 O2 + Y O2 =
2
XO1 =

12

Second solution.
The farthest points of two circles lie on their center line.

And its clear in the figure that:

XO1 =

AD
AB + CD
BC
, O1 O2 =
, Y O2 =
2
2
2

13

2. Let two circles C1 and C2 intersect in points A and B. The tangent to C1

at A intersects C2 in P and the line P B intersects C1 for the second time in Q
(suppose that Q is outside C2 ). The tangent to C2 from Q intersects C1 and
C2 in C and D, respectively (The points A and D lie on different sides of the
line P Q). Show that AD is bisector of the angle CAP .
P roposed by Iman M aghsoudi

Solution.
We know that:
CAB = CQB , DAB = BDQ
CAD = CAB + DAB = CQB + BDQ = P BD = P AD
Therefore AD is the bisector of CAP .

14

3. Find all positive integers N such that there exists a triangle which can be
dissected into N similar quadrilaterals.
P roposed by N ikolai Beluhov (Bulgaria) and M orteza Saghaf ian

Solution.
For N = 1 its clear that this is impossible. Also for N = 2 this dissection is
impossible too, because one of the two quadrilaterals is convex and the other is
concave. For N 3 we can do this kind of dissection in equilateral triangle.

15

4. Let be the circumcircle of right-angled triangle ABC (A = 90 ). Tangent

to at point A intersects the line BC in point P . Suppose that M is the
midpoint of (the smaller) arc AB, and P M intersects for the second time in
Q. Tangent to at point Q intersects AC in K. Prove that P KC = 90 .
P roposed by Davood V akili

Solution.
Suppose that AB < AC. Its enough to show that P K k AB.
PQ
MB
PB
AQ
=
, 4P M B 4P CQ
=
MA
PA
QC
PQ
PA
AC
=
4P BA 4P AC
BA
PB
We know that M A = M B, so according to above three equations we can say
that:
AQ
BA
=
(1)
QC
AC
4P M A 4P AQ

4KAQ 4KQC

4P BA 4P AC

KA
KQ
AQ
KA
AQ 2
=
=

=(
) (2)
KQ
KC
QC
KC
QC
PA
BA
PB
BA 2
PB
=
=

=(
) (3)
PA
PC
AC
PC
AC

(1), (2), (3)

KA
PB
=
KC
PC

P K k AB

16

The solution is the same in case of AB > AC.

17

5. Let the circles and 0 intersect in points A and B. Tangent to circle at A

intersects 0 in C and tangent to circle 0 at A intersects in D. Suppose that
the internal bisector of CAD intersects and 0 at E and F , respectively, and
the external bisector of CAD intersects and 0 in X and Y , respectively.
Prove that the perpendicular bisector of XY is tangent to the circumcircle of
triangle BEF .
P roposed by M ahdi Etesami F ard

Solution.
Suppose that P is the intersection point of XE and Y F . We know that:
EXA = EAC = EAD = F Y A = P X = P Y
ABE = EXA = , ABF = 180 F Y A = 180
EBF = XP Y = 180 2 P EBF : cyclic
EF XY

P EF = AEX = AF Y

PE = PF

We proved that P E = P F and the quadrilateral P EBF is cyclic. Therefore, P

is the midpoint of arc EF in the circumcircle of triangle BEF . Also we know
that the perpendicular bisector of XY is parallel to EF and passes through P .
So the perpendicular bisector of XY is tangent to the circumcircle of triangle
BEF at P .

18

Solutions of 3nd Iranian Geometry Olympiad 2016 (Advanced)

1. Let the circles and 0 intersect in A and B. Tangent to circle at A

intersects 0 in C and tangent to circle 0 at A intersects in D. Suppose that
CD intersects and 0 in E and F , respectively (assume that E is between F
and C). The perpendicular to AC from E intersects 0 in point P and perpendicular to AD from F intersects in point Q (The points A, P and Q lie on
the same side of the line CD). Prove that the points A, P and Q are collinear.
P roposed by M ahdi Etesami F ard

Solution.
We know that:
AF C = AED = 180 CAD , AEF = 180 AQD
AF D = AQD

So the point Q is the reflection of the point F in the line AD. Similarly we can
say the point P is the reflection of the point E in the line AC. Therefore:
DAQ = DAF = ACD , CAP = CAE = CDA
DAQ + CAD + CAP = ACD + CAD + CDA = 180
So the points A, P and Q are collinear.

19

2. In acute-angled triangle ABC, altitude of A meets BC at D, and M is

midpoint of AC. Suppose that X is a point such that AXB = DXM =
90 (assume that X and C lie on opposite sides of the line BM ). Show that
XM B = 2M BC.
P roposed by Davood V akili

First solution.
Let N be the midpoint of side AB. So M N k BC and M BC = N M B.
Therefore its enough to show that the line M N is the bisector of XM B.
ADB = AXB = 90 AXDB : cyclic
BXD = BAD = 90 ABC BXM = 180 ABC = BN M
BN XM ; cyclic , AN = N X = BN

BM N = XM N

20

Second solution.
Let P be the intersection point of XM and BC. Suppose that Q is the point
such that the quadrilateral ADBQ be a rectangle. We know that:
DXP = ADP = 90 ADX = XP D
Also we know that AXDBQ is cyclic, so:
ADX = AQX

AQX = XP D

So Q, X and P are collinear because AQ k BP .

AM = M C and AQ k BP

QM = M P

Now we know that QBC = 90 , thus:

QM = BM = M P

XM B = 2M BC

21

3. In a convex qualrilateral ABCD, let P be the intersection point of AC and

BD. Suppose that I1 and I2 are the incenters of triangles P AB and P DC
respectively. Let O be the circumcenter of P AB, and H the orthocenter of
P DC. Show that the circumcircles of triangles AI1 B and DHC are tangent
together if and only if the circumcircles of triangles AOB and DI2 C are tangent
together.
P roposed by Hooman F attahimoghaddam

Solution.
Suppose that the circumcircles of triangles AI1 B and DHC is tangent together
at point K. Let Q be the second intersection point of circumcircles of triangles
AKD and BKC. we know that:
DHC = DKC = 180 P
P + P DK + P CK = DKC

P DK + P CK = 180 2P

AQKD : cyclic AQK = 180 P DK

BQKC : cyclic BQK = 180 P CK
AQB = P DK+P CK = 180 2P = 180 AOB AOBQ : cyclic
Also we have AKD = AQD , BKC = BQC and AQB = DKC P .
So CQD = AKB + P = 180 AI1 B + P = 90 + P
2 = CI2 D.

22

So the qudrilateral CDQI2 is cyclic. So we have to show that circumcircles of

triangles AOB and DI2 C is tangent together at the point Q. Its enough to
show that:
ABQ + DCQ = AQD
We know that the circumcircles of triangles AI1 B and DHC are tangent together at the point K, so we have:
ABK + DCK = AKD
(ABQ + KBQ) + (DCQ KCQ) = AKD
We know that KBQ = KCQ and AKD = AQD, So:
ABQ + DCQ = AQD
Therefore the circumcircles of triangles AOB and DI2 C are tangent together
at point Q.
On the other side of the problem, Suppose that the circumcircles of triangles
CI2 D and AOB are tangent together at point Q. Let the point K be the second
intersection of circumcircles of triangles AQD and BQC. Similarly we can show
that the circumcircles of triangles AI1 B and DHC are tangent together at the
point K.

Comment.
Also there is another solution using inversion with respect to a circle with
Michels point of the quadrilateral as its center.

23

4. In a convex quadrilateral ABCD, the lines AB and CD meet at point E

and the lines AD and BC meet at point F . Let P be the intersection point
of diagonals AC and BD. Suppose that 1 is a circle passing through D and
tangent to AC at P . Also suppose that 2 is a circle passing through C and
tangent to BD at P . Let X be the intersection point of 1 and AD, and Y
be the intersection point of 2 and BC. Suppose that the circles 1 and 2
intersect each other in Q for the second time. Prove that the perpendicular
from P to the line EF passes through the circumcenter of triangle XQY .
P roposed by Iman M aghsoudi

First solution.
Lemma 1. In the convex quadrilateral ABCD, the lines AB and CD meet
at point E and the lines AD and BC meet at point F . Let point P be the
intersection of AC and BD. Suppose that X and Y be two arbitrary points on
AD and BC, respectively. If BC P X = U and AD P Y = V , then the lines
XY , U V and EF are concurrent.
proof.
Let point Z be the intersection of XY and U V . Suppose that P F U V = L
and P F CD = K. We know that:
(Z, L, V, U ) = 1 , (E, K, D, C) = 1
If ZF intersects CD in E 0 , so we can say that (E 0 , K, D, C) = 1. Therefore
E E 0 , so the lines XY , U V and EF are concurrent.

24

Lemma 2. In the cyclic quadrilateral ABCD with circumcenter O, the lines

AB and CD meet at point E and the lines AD and BC meet at point F . If
point P be the intersection of AC and BD, then P OEF .
proof.
Let be the circumcircle of quadrilateral ABCD. Suppose that point R is the
intersection of tangents to circle at A and C, and point S is the intersection
of tangents to circle at B and D.
According to Pascals theorem in Hexagonal AABCCD and ABBCDD, we can
say that points R and S lie on line EF .

We know that polar of the point R with respect to circle passes through P .
So polar of the point P with respect to circle passes through R. Similarly,
we can say that polar of the point P with respect to circle passes through S.
Therefore polar of the point P with respect to circle is EF . So P OEF .

25

Suppose that P X intersects BC in point U , and P Y intersects AD in point V .

XQP = XDP = XP A = U P C =
Y QP = Y CP = Y P B = V P D =

XV Y = XQY = XU Y = + QV XY U : cyclic

Let point O be the circumcenter of QV XY U . According to lemma 1, we can

say that XY , U V and EF are concurrent at point Z. Now according to lamme
2, we can say that P OEF . So the perpendicular from P to EF passes through
the circumcircle of triangle XQY .

26

Second solution.
Suppose that point O is the circumcenter of triangle XQY . The inversion with
respect to a circle with center P trasnforms the problem into this figure. Suppose
that X 0 is the inversion of point X wrt P . We have to show that the line P O0
is the diameter of circumcircle of triangle E 0 P F 0 . Let O00 be the circumcenter
of triangle X 0 Q0 Y 0 . We know that the points P , O0 and O00 are collinear. So
we have to show that he line P O00 passes through the circumcenter of triangle
E0P F 0.

Suppose that O1 , O2 , O3 and O4 are the centers of circles in the above figure
and K be the intersection point of O1 O3 and O2 O4 . We know that point K
lies on perpendicular bisector of P E 0 and P F 0 , thus K is the circumcenter of
triangle P E 0 F 0 . So we have to show that P , K and O00 are collinear. On the
other hand, we know that the quadrilateral D0 B 0 Y 0 Q0 is isosceles trapezoid. So
the point O00 lies on perpendicular bisector of B 0 D0 . Similarly, the point O00 lies
on perpendicular bisector of A0 C 0 . Therefore, the point O00 is the intersection
of A0 C 0 and B 0 D0 .

27

Suppose that:
A0 C 0 O1 O2 = M , A0 C 0 O3 O4 = T
B 0 D0 O2 O3 = N , B 0 D0 O1 O4 = L
Let points U and V be on A0 C 0 such that KU A0 C 0 and O00 V A0 C 0 . Also let
points R and S be on B 0 D0 such that KRB 0 D0 and O00 SB 0 D0 .

We know that O1 O2 and O3 O4 are perpendicular to A0 C 0 . So O1 O2 k O3 O4

Similarly O2 O3 k O1 O4 , therefore the quadrilateral O1 O2 O3 O4 is a parallelogram. It means that the point K lies on the midpoint of the segments O1 O3
and O2 O4 . So U M = U T . Also we have A0 M = P M and C 0 T = P T
P V = A0 V A0 P = (P M + P T ) 2P M = P T P M
TV = PT PV = PM

UP = UV

Similarly, we can show that RP = RS, so point K lies on the perpendicular

bisector of P V and P S. It means that K is the citcumcenter of triangle P SV .
Therefore the points P , K and O00 are collinear.

28

5. Do there exist six points X1 , X2 , Y1 , Y2 , Z1 , Z2 in the plane such that all of

the triangles Xi Yj Zk are similar for 1 i, j, k 2.
P roposed by M orteza Saghaf ian

Solution. (by Ilya Bogdanov f rom Russia)

Suppose a triangle XY Z, in such a way that XY = 1, Y Z = t2 , ZX = t3 and
Z = X + 2Y .

Such a triangle exists, because for the minimum possible value of t, we have
Z > X + 2Y and for t = 1 we have Z < X + 2Y . So there exists a
triangle with the above properties. Now consider the following 6 points, these
points have the properties of the problem.

29

So there exist the points X1 , X2 , Y1 , Y2 , Z1 , Z2 in the plane such that Xi Yj Zk

be the similar triangles for all of 1 i, j, k 2