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english set b

Step One What Is a Directed Writing question?


1. Introduction
Directed Writing is the first question asks in Paper One. You are required to write a short essay
about 200 300 words with the help of a stimulus. Many students think that this section is
difficult to score. However, the assumption is wrong. For intermediate and weak students, this is
among the sections that they should concentrate on.
In this section, students are required to write based on various topics such as reports, letter, talk,
dialogue and etc.
However, based on the analysis made for the last eight years only five topics were used for

Topic

Year
2002,2007,2011,
2003, 2013
2004, 2009,2014
2005,2006,2010, 2012
2008

Speech/Talk
Formal letter
Report
Informal letter
Article

directed writing.

ANALYSIS OF PAST YEARS QUESTIONS


YEAR

TOPICS

2002

A talk on road safety

2003

A formal letter to a class teacher (choice of trip)

2004

A report to principal about the school canteen

2005

An informal letter (to a friend about experience at the camp )

2006

An informal letter to a friend why she/he would make a good head prefect

2007

A Speech about a Science Reference Book

2008
2009
2010

Write an article about The Best Group Leader in the leadership camp
A report
Informal letter to cousin
A talk to upgrade Red Crescent Society members in giving first-aid

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2011
2012
2013

treatment.
Informal letter to advise her on how to spend money wisely
Formal letter of complaint
Report

2014

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2. Marks
For students to answer this type of question. Attention need to be given to the marks
allocated for various parts of the essay. The ability to determine the structure of marks will
allow students to gain good marks. Based on standard marking scheme, the allocation of
marks for Directed Writing are as follows:
Item
Format
Contents
Language

Mark
3
12
20

Students should realize that these marks are given based on these criteria.
1. Format Students should use appropriate format based on the needs of the questions.
2. Contents students must use all contents points given and it must be in sentence form.
3. Language less grammar mistakes ensure higher marks. In general, the marks allocation
are as below:
BAND

MARK
RANGE

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

19-20

Language is entirely accurate

16-18

Language is accurate

13-15

Language is largely accurate

10-12

Language is sufficiently accurate with patches of clarity

7-9

Meaning is never in doubt- but errors hamper reading

Ui

4-6

Meaning is fairly clear-errors hamper reading

Uii

2-3

Little or no sense

Uiii

0-1

No sense at all

Step Two Analyzing the question


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In answering the question, it is very important for the students to have clear understanding on the
question. A good understanding on the paper would reflect the answer written later on. Basically,
before answering any DW question, students needs to make analysis on these items.
1
2
3

Text type@Format
Tenses
Number of contents

Number of elaborations

However, students need to decide whether the question


gives clue or contents?

Sample 1
As the President of the Environmental Club, you have been asked by your teacher to give a
speech to all students in your school on how they can help to reduce environmental problems.
In your speech, include the following notes:
HOW TO REDUCE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

Reduce energy
usage
Do not waste electricity
Use product that have
timer
Use energy saving
appliances

Reduce air
pollution

Avoid open burning


Use unleaded petrol
Practice car pooling

Reduce waste
Use environmental
friendly product
Use recycled material
Use washable
items

When writing your speech text, you should remember to:

use the appropriate greeting and closing


state the purpose of the speech
use all the notes given
write in paragraphs
SBP Trial SPM 2009

Items
Text
type@Format

Mark
s
3

Analysis on
question
A speech to
students

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1m- Greeting
1 m -Purpose of speech
1m- Closing
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Notes:
To identify these items look for clue from the question.
Normally it is at the end of the question (if any). For this
question, there were clearly stated.
Tenses
Number
contents

of

Number
of
elaboration

12

Present
tense
12

Students need to decide on the sentence structure to be used


( single vs compound, active vs passive etc.)
1m
Reduce energy usage
1m

Do not waste electricity

1m

Use product that have timer

1m

Use energy saving appliances

1m

Reduce air pollution

1m

Avoid open burning

1m

Use unleaded petrol

1m

Practice car pooling

1m

Reduce waste

1m

Use environmental friendly product

1m

Use recycled material

1m

Use washable items

Total = 12 marks
Students need to clearly verify, either the information stated in the question is
either CLUE or CONTENTS.
This does not indicate that no elaborations/details should be written. Although
no marks could be gained for CONTENTS, the elaborations/details will have
direct influence on the marks for LANGUAGE.

Directed Writing Analyzing the question.


Fill in relevant information based on the question.

Text type/Format:
Speech

Format: (3 Marks)
1m: Greeting
1m: Purpose of speech

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DW Question

Tenses:
Present Tense

1m: Closing

Page 6

Contents: 12 Marks

1. Reduce energy usage


2. Do not waste electricity
3. Use product that have timer
4. Use energy saving appliances
5. Reduce air pollution
6. Avoid open burning
7. Use unleaded petrol
8. Practice car pooling
9. Reduce waste
10. Use environmental friendly product
11. Use recycled material
12. Use washable items

Exercise 1
Directed Writing (35m)
You are the Secreary of the Environment Club in your housing area. You have been
asked by other residents to write a letter to the municipal council in your area
complaining about a housing project near your resident. In the letter, you are asked
to mention on the effects of deforestation and its possible solutions.
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Below are some notes on the effects of deforestation and possible solutions.
Effects:
Soil erosion
Land slide
Loss of flora and fauna
Polluted rivers
Flash floods
Lack of oxygen
Greenhouse effect
Solutions:
Forest conservation
Replanting
Awareness campaign
Constant monitoring
Imposed higher penalty

You should use all the points given:


When writing your letter, you should remember to:
Used all the notes given
Add any relevant details
Use suitable format

Directed Writing Analyzing the question.


Fill in relevant information based on the question.

Text type/Format:

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DW Question

Format: (3 Marks)
1m:.
1m:.
1m:.
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Tenses:

Contents:_______ Marks
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Section A: Directed Writing
9.
(35 Marks)
10.
11. to spend about 45 minutes on this section.
You are advised
12.
There are a few matters in your school which could be improved. The schools Perfects Board has has a
meeting. The perfects have decided to write a formal letter to the Principal. As the secretary to the
board, you have been asked to write the report.
In your report, include the following.
Exercise 2
The unsatisfactory service and high food prices in the school canteen

The urgent need to improve the cleanliness of the school

To request for a pedestrian or zebra crossing in front of the school

Do remember to:

give your letter a title

use all the points given

provide two relevant details/examples for each of the four points

ENGLISH
write in paragraphs
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PANEL 2016

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Fill in relevant information based on the question.

Text type:

DW Question

Tenses:

..
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Format: (3 Marks)
1m:.
1m:.
1m:

Notes:

Page 10

Contents:_______ Marks
1.
2.
3.
4.

Eloborations:______ Marks
1 A
B
2 A
B
3 A
A
4 A
B

Exercise 3
Section A: Directed Writing
(35 Marks)
You are advised to spend about 45 minutes on this section.

You are the Organising Secretary of the Police Cadet in your school. The cadets have taken part in a
jungle training camp. You have been asked to write a report to your Principle telling him/her about the
trip.
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Below are some information about the camp that you can include in the report.

Numbers of cadets participating


Numbers of teachers who accompanied the cadets
Date of the training camp
Location
Transportation to the camp
Accommodation
Duration of the training camp
Payment
List out four activities during the camp

When writing your report, you should remember:


- to address the report to your Principal
- to use the correct format for a report
- give suitable title for the report
- use and elaborate all the points given

Fill in relevant information based on the question.

Text type:

DW Question

Tenses:

..

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Format: (3 Marks)
1m:.
1m:.
1m:

Notes:

Page 12

Clues: ______ Marks


Contents:_______ Marks
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
5.
5.
6.
6.
7.
7.
8.
8.
9.
9.
10.
10.
11.
11.
12.
12.

Step 3- Writing Your Answer


In writing the answer, students need to realize that, the usage of correct grammar and various sentence
structure will influence the mark awarded for LANGUAGE. However, for any content to be awarded
with mark, the main criteria used is that the sentence carries an understandable meaning, thus it abiding
the rule whether accurate grammar structure is used or not.
For weak students, it is very important for them to secure the contents first before continuing thinking
about writing relevant information or details to the contents given.
Sample 1

As the President of the Environmental Club, you have been asked by your teacher to give
a speech to all students in your school on how they can help to reduce environmental
problems.
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In your speech, include the following notes:


HOW TO REDUCE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Reduce energy
usage
Do not waste electricity
Use product that have
timer
Use energy saving
appliances

Reduce air
pollution

Avoid open burning


Use unleaded petrol
Practice car pooling

Reduce waste
Use environmental
friendly product
Use recycled material
Use washable
items

When writing your speech text, you should remember to:

use the appropriate greeting and closing


state the purpose of the speech
use all the notes given
write in paragraphs
SBP Trial SPM 2009

Using Simple Sentence


One of the strategies that could be used is to write a simple sentence for each of the content points.

A simple sentence, is also called an independent clause, and it expresses a complete thought. In the
following simple sentences, subjects are in yellow, and verbs are in green.
A. Many undergraduates like to study until late night.
B. Seng and Ramu play tennis every afternoon.
C. Rahmah goes to the library and studies every day.

The three examples above are all simple sentences. Note that sentence B contains a compound subject,
and sentence C contains a compound verb. Simple sentences, therefore, contain a subject and verb and
express a complete thought, but they can also contain a compound subjects or verbs
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No
1.

Content
Reduce energy usage

Sentence
We need to reduce our energy usage.

2.

Do not waste electricity

We should not waste electricity.

3.

Use product that have timer

We can use product that have timer.

4.

Use energy saving appliances

We also could use energy saving appliances.

5.

Reduce air pollution

6.

Avoid open burning

To reduce air pollution people should avoid open burning


or use unleaded petrol.
To reduce pollution, we also can practice car pooling.

7.

Use unleaded petrol

8.

Practice car pooling

9.

Reduce waste

10.

Use environmental friendly product

11.

Use recycled material

12.

Use washable items

Others steps to reduce environmental problem is by


reducing our waste.
People should use environmental friendly product, recycle
material and washable item.

Note:
For this type of answer, the candidate would score 12 marks for CONTENTS but only 2 for
LANGUAGE.
Noted that, a subject and modal are used to complete the sentence.
Even though some contents look like a complete sentence but no marks will be awarded if students copy
it straight from the text.
Such as:
Reduce energy usage.

There are many ways for us to reduce energy


usage.
Do not waste electricity.
Secondly, use product that have timer.

Do not waste electricity


Use product that have
timer
Use energy saving
Use an energy saving appliances.
appliances
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1m

0
1m

1m
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Note:
a. Noted that comas(,) and conjunction: and, are used to complete the sentence.
b. For this type of answer, the candidate would score 12 marks for CONTENTS but only 2 for
No
1.

Content
Reduce energy usage

Sentence
There are various ways to reduce our energy usage
such as not to waste electricity, use product that have
timer and also to use energy saving appliances.

2.

Do not waste electricity

3.

Use product that have timer

4.

Use energy saving appliances

5.

Reduce air pollution

6.

Avoid open burning

7.

Use unleaded petrol

8.

Practice car pooling

9.

Reduce waste

10.

Use environmental friendly product

11.

Use recycled material

12.

Use washable items

We must reduce air pollution by avoiding open


burning, use unleaded petrol and practice car pooling.

To reduce waste people should use environmental


friendly product, use recycle material and washable
item.

LANGUAGE.
c. To gain better mark for LANGUAGE it is wiser for the students to use variety of sentences. One
good example is the usage of compound sentence

Using compound sentence

What is a compound
sentence?
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A compound sentence joins two or more


simple sentences with conjunctions like
and, but, so and or.
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Exercise 1
Below are some notes on the effects of deforestation and possible solutions.

Effects:
Soil erosion
Land slide
Loss of flora and fauna
Polluted rivers
Flash floods
Lack of oxygen
Greenhouse effect
Solutions:
Forest conservation
Replanting
Awareness campaign
Constant monitoring
Imposed higher penalty

Write a simple sentence for each of the contents:


Effects:
Example:

Soil erosion
The first effect is deforestation is soil erosion.

Land slide

______________________________________________________________________________
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Loss of flora and fauna

______________________________________________________________________________

Polluted rivers

______________________________________________________________________________

Flash floods

______________________________________________________________________________

Lack of oxygen

______________________________________________________________________________

Greenhouse effect

______________________________________________________________________________
Solutions:

Forest conservation

One of the ways that we could practice to resolve deforestation is through forest conservation..

Replanting

______________________________________________________________________________

Awareness campaign

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______________________________________________________________________________

Constant monitoring

______________________________________________________________________________

Imposed higher penalty

______________________________________________________________________________

Using sequence connectors

a. A text with a sequence structure of writing organizes information in a step-by-step way.


b. A biography (a text on the life of a person) is usually written in a sequence structure. It first
gives information about the person's childhood, then about the person's adulthood, and then
about his or her later years.
c. A historical text (e.g. a text on the events of World War II) also uses a sequence structure to
a give a chronological order of events in history.
d. A text that explains a process (how something is done, such as making a pizza, or how the
brain processes information) also organizes information with a sequence structure. Such a
text will explain each step in the process from the first to the last.
e. Some example of connectors of sequence

first

second, (third, fourth, fifth, sixth, etc.)

last

finally

when

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following

later

next

then

during

after

before

Using Discourse Markers (Linking Your Ideas in English)


Some words and phrases help to develop ideas and relate them to one another. These kinds of
words and phrases are often called discourse markers. Note that most of these discourse
markers are formal and used when speaking in a formal context or when presenting
complicated information in writing.
1. with regard to; regarding; as regards; as far as is concerned, as for
These expressions focus attention on what follows in the sentence. This is done by
announcing the subject in advance. As regards and as far asis concerned usually
indicate a change of subject
Examples:
His grades in science subjects are excellent. As regards humanities
With regard to the latest market figures we can see that ...
Regarding our efforts to improve the local economy, we have made ...
As far as I am concerned, we should continue to develop our resources.
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As for John's thoughts, let's take a look at this report he sent me.
2. on the other hand; while; whereas
These expressions give expression to two ideas which contrast but do not contradict each
other.
Examples:

Football is popular in England, while in Australia they prefer cricket.


We've been steadily improving our customer service center. On the other hand our
shipping department needs to be redesigned.
Jack thinks we're ready to begin whereas Tom things we still need to wait.

3. however, nonetheless, nevertheless


All these words are used to present two contrasting ideas.
Examples:

Smoking is proved to be dangerous to the health. Nonetheless, 40% of the


population smokes.

Our teacher promised to take us on a field trip. However, he changed his mind
last week.

Peter was warned not to invest all of his savings in the stock market.
Nevertheless, he
invested and lost everything.

4. moreover, furthermore, in addition


We use these expressions to add information to what has been said. The usage of these
words is much more elegant than just making a list or using the conjunction 'and'.
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Examples:

His problems with his parents are extremely frustrating. Moreover, there seems to
be no easy solution to them.

I assured him that I would come to his presentation. Furthermore, I also invited a
number of important representatives from the local chamber of commerce.

telephone

Our energy bills have been increasing steadily. In addition to these costs, our
costs have doubled over the past six months.

5. therefore, as a result, consequently


These expressions show that the second statement follows logically from the first
statement.
Examples:

He reduced the amount of time studying for his final exams. As a result, his marks
were rather low.

been

We've lost over 3,000 customers over the past six months. Consequently, we have
forced to cut back our advertising budget.

The government has drastically reduced its spending. Therefore, a number of


programs have been canceled.

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Exercise 2
As the President of the Environmental Club, you have been asked by your teacher to give a
speech to all students in your school on how they can help to reduce environmental
problems.
In your speech, include the following notes:
HOW TO REDUCE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Reduce energy
usage
Do not waste electricity
Use product that have
timer
Use energy saving
appliances

Reduce air
pollution
Avoid open burning
Use unleaded petrol
Practice car pooling

Reduce waste
Use environmental
friendly product
Use recycled material
Use washable
items

When writing your speech text, you should remember to:


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use the appropriate greeting and closing


state the purpose of the speech
use all the notes given
write in paragraph
SBP Trial SPM 2009

Fill in the blanks with appropriate sequence connectors or discourse markers

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There are a lot of ways to reduce environmental problems. As human, we should try to
follow the following suggestions. ______________ we should reduce energy usage. In practicing
this, we should not waste electricity _____use product that have timer. ________we could use
energy saving appliances.__________, we could reduce air pollution. ________________we
could use unleaded petrol _______practice car pooling. ____________we could reduce waste. In
doing so, we could use environmentally friendly product_____________ use recycled
material._____________ we should use washable items.

Step 4 Elaborations

Part 1
Support and elaboration consists of the specific details and information writers use to develop
their topic. The key to developing support and elaboration is getting specific. Good writers use
concrete, specific details, and relevant information to construct mental images for their readers.
Without this attention to detail, readers struggle to picture what the writer is talking about, and
will often give up altogether.
Two important concepts in support and elaboration are sufficiency and relatedness.
1.

Sufficiency refers the amount of detail is there enough detail to support the
topicSufficiency, however, is not enough. The power of your information is
determined less by the quantity of details than by their quality.

2.

Relatedness refers to the quality of the details and their relevance to the topic.

Part 2
6 SCENARIO hypothetical situation or event
1.

Anecdote
Short personal story
o
Once, when I was in elementary school
o
I remember the time when

2.

Quotations

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3.

4.

5.

6.

Words someone else says that support your idea or argument

Definition
Explaining an unfamiliar word or phrase
o
What I mean by __________ is
o
(__________ means )

Example
Provide more specific information about your idea
o
For example,
o
For instance,
Descriptions
Vivid images using juicy words that turn the readers brain camera on
o
Appeal to the 5 senses
o
Looks like
o
Sounds as if
o
Smells similar to
o
Feels the same as
o
Tastes just like
Statistics/Facts
Numbers and/or data that supports your idea or argument
o
98% of
o
45,000
o
3 out of 4 people

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Sample Answer

Section A: Directed Writing


(35 Marks)
You are advised to spend about 45 minutes on this section.
There are a few matters in your school which could be improved. The schools Perfects
Board has has a meeting. The perfects have decided to write a formal letter to the
Principal. As the secretary to the board, you have been asked to write the report.
In your report, include the following.

The unsatisfactory service and high food prices in the school canteen

The urgent need to improve the cleanliness of the school

To request for a pedestrian or zebra crossing in front of the school


Do remember to:

give your letter a title

use all the points given

provide two relevant details/examples for each of the four points

write in paragraphs

Contents

The unsatisfactory service


The Prefects Board find the unsatisfactory service in the school canteen an
important issue. There is hardly any variety in food choice as students basically eat
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the same type of food everyday. To make matter worse, the food that is served
usually turns out to be cold or half-cooked. Vendors in the school canteen can be
quite rude at times ands some even take out their anger on the students. Mr. Ali
from the nasi lemak stall is known for his hot-tempered tantrums and is seen
frequently shouting at his customers. We find this type of behaviour intolerable and
hope that action is taken immediately.

high food prices in the school canteen


The food prices in the school canteen are ridiculous. The prices are sky
high and are still rocketing up for some reason. The students are paying good
money, or should I say, expensive money for peanuts in return. School
authorities and vendors should realize that not all students have enough money to
buy such expensive food. Some students barely have enough money for their bus
fare home. Either way we do not believe in paying for something which is hardly
worth its price. Vendors should be warned to lower their prices and not place too
much importance on profit which was not rightfully gained in the first place. This
is an important issue which should be taken into consideration before the students
have to resort to starving.

The urgent need to improve the cleanliness of the school


We find that there is an urgent need to improve the cleanliness of the school . As
our school prides itself on being one of the finest in the state, it is only fitting that we live
up to that little and make sure cleanliness is a priority. For some reason, the cleanliness

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level in our school is reducing rapidly. Rubbish is strewn over the floor and there are
mountains of dust in every hook and cranny of the school. Coming back to the canteen
issue, there was a recently reported case of a girl finding a bug in her plate of noodles!
Besides that, the toilets are emitting incredibly foul stenches and are affecting the
studying environment of classes nearby. It is our opinion that the school is in need of a
good coat of paint.

To request for a pedestrian or zebra crossing in front of the school


Lastly we are in dire need of a pedestrian or zebra crossing in front of the school.
Just last week a lower form students was nearly knocked down by an errant driver
who when questioned answered irritably by saying that the students should have
let him pass first. In order to prevent future accidents, we the prefects suggest a
pedestrian crossing to assure the safety of the students.

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Exercise 1
As the President of the Environmental Club, you have been asked by your teacher to
write an article to help reduce environmental problems. In your article, include the
following notes:
HOW TO REDUCE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Reduce air
pollution

Reduce energy
usage
Do not waste electricity
Use product that have
timer
Use energy saving
appliances

Avoid open burning


Use unleaded petrol
Practice car pooling

Reduce waste
Use environmental
friendly product
Use recycled material
Use washable items

When writing your article, you should remember to:

use all the notes given


write in paragraph

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Task 1
Write suitable elaboration for the contents.
1. Firstly we should not waste electricity.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. Secondly, we should use product that have timer
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

3. Other than that, we could use energy saving appliances.


_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

4. Avoid open burning


_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

5. Use unleaded petrol


_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

6. Practice car pooling


_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

7. Use environmental friendly product


_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

8. Use recycled material


_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

9. Use washable items


_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Step 5 -Writing Your Essay


Exercise 1
You recently attended a leadership camp organized by the District Education Officer. At the
camp, your best friend was chosen as the best group leader. In school, you have been asked by
your Principle to write an article in your school yearly book.
Your article should be based on the information below.

Best Group Leader

Friends details

Name
Class
Family background
Interest/Hobbies

Why he/she was chosen

Responsible
Caring
Best speaker for camp
debate

Voted the most


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cooperative

Helped an injured
participants
Earliest to wake up
every morning

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Awards

Certificate of
Acheivement
RM500

When delivering the speech;

to use an appropriate format


tto use all the notes given

Exercise 2
Many of your schoolmates are not interested in sports. You have carried out a small scale survey
among your classmates. After gathering the findings you want to share it by publishing it in a
popular magizine.
Use the following notes to write your article.
REASONS
Students
dislike
sports
lack of time

Parents
priority on
exam results
sent children to
tuition classes
home tuition

Facilities
inadequate numbers of
sports equipments
fields and courts no
maintenance

SUGGESTIONS

campaign on the importance of sports


a discussion with parents
upgrade facilities
hire experienced trainers
introduce new exciting sports

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When writing you letter, you must;

layout your article correctly


to use paragraphs
that your readers are teenagers

Exercise 3
You are the President of the Association for the Elderly in your state. You are concerned that the
rights of the golden citizens are not being recognized by the government. Write a letter to the
Prime Minister, voicing your concern as well as giving your suggestions on how to improve the
quality of lives of the senior citizen.
Use the notes below to write your letter.

discounts on fares of public transport

extended the travel fare rebate on domestic travel

cheaper housing scheme

cash allowance for the poor

free medical treatment

discount for meals purchased at selected eateries

free annual eye and medical check-ups

employ those who are still physically able to work

When writing your letter, you should remember:

to address the letter to the Secretary of the Prime Minister

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to provide a salutation/greeting

to provide a close

to prove elaboration/s for four of the points given above

Exercise 4
You are asked to write an article for your school magazine. Your article in on why Malaysian
students are not performing up to expectations in school. In your article, you also suggest ways
to improve the quality of our future students.
Below are some notes you have made on the reasons and suggestions.

Reasons

Poor time management

Poor attitude towards studies

Poor reading habits

Weak grasp of subjects

Overdependence on teachers

Suggestions

Widen reading scope

Role of teachers

Role of parents

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Sensible time management

Effective teaching methods

Write the article. When writing, you should remember to:

Write appropriate title

Use all the notes given

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