Rosetta Stone and The Ancient Macedonian Language

Prilozi, Odd. mat. teh. nauki, MANU, XXVI, 2 (2005), s.
7122
Contributions, Sec. Math. Tech. Sci., MANU, XXVI, 2 (2005), p. 7122
ISSN 03513246
UDC: 004.93'1 :811.283
TRACING THE SCRIPT AND THE LANGUAGE

OF THE ANCIENT MACEDONIANS
Tome Bo{evski, Aristotel Tentov
A b s t r a c t: This study presents the results of research realized
within the project Deciphering the Middle Text of the Rosetta
Stone.
It is concluded that a syllabic script of the type consonantvowel was used for the middle text of the Rosetta Stone. Symbols
for 25 consonants were identified. By using the procedure of mirroring and rotation in the writing surface (plain), a monosemic
(unambiguous) way was determined for connecting the symbol of
consonant with 4 or 8 vowels. Although rarely used, the symbols
for writing isolated vowels and some consonants were identified.
In the analyzed text, the syllabic signs were not only written next
to each other, but also they were often written one above the other
in the form of what are known as ligatures. A small number of
pictographic symbols were also identified.
The wiring for sound of the identified syllable signs,
isolated consonants or vowels and ligatures is was achieved by
using archaisms from the dialects of the contemporary Macedonian language. In the text, which was written from right to left,
without space between the words and without separation of sentences in an infinite series, more than 160 words were identified
which have kept their meaning in some dialects of the contemporary Macedonian language. A certain number of grammatical rules
were also identified which are discerned in the contemporary
Macedonian language, such as the formation of superlative of the
adjectives with the prefix naj_ [nai] (equivalent to the English
the _est/ the most ); the plural of nouns by adding i
[i] (equivalent to the English _s); the occurrence of definite and
indefinite form of nouns, as well as the frequent use of the preposition na [na] (equivalent to the English prepositions on, at,).
With these identified syllables and their wiring for sound and the
definite rules for writing, a monosemic (unambiguous) methodology was generated in order to make out certain words and to read
what was written.
T. Boevski, A. Tentov
The results of deciphering the middle text of the Rosetta

Stone point to the fact that there are many details which cannot be
found in the text written (inscribed) in ancient Greek alphabet.
This conclusion proves the science awareness from the time of
Thomas Young (1822) that the middle text was the original. On
the basis of our research we can make this knowledge more precise with the conclusion that the pharaohs decree from the middle
text of the Rosetta Stone in original is written (inscribed) in the
language of the ancient Macedonians with letters of the alive
(living) masters of that time, i.e. with the official letters and
language of the state that had been ruled by them for more than a
century.
Key words: ancient Macedonians, script, language
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this research was to decipher the middle text of the Rosetta
Stone.
The Rosetta Stone is one of the best known textual artifacts from ancient Egypt and has been the object of a great number of studies and much research in the scholarly world of this field. It has its name because the location
where it was excavated, that is Rosetta, i.e. El-Rashid in Arabic. It was discovered by a French soldier who had been working on excavating fortifications for
the needs of Napoleons army during his campaign in Egypt in the year 1799,
after a short military clash with the English army, when he won the battle, a
peace treaty was signed in Alexandria in 1802. In accordance with the regulations of this peace treaty all the goods and artifacts possessed by the French
army became the property of the British. On the basis of this, the Rosetta Stone
was moved to England where it still is today and is one of the best-known exhibits at the British Museum in London. The Rosetta Stone is a stone of black
granite, shown on Figure 1.
The importance of the Rosetta Stone and the interest it has aroused in
the scientific and scholarly world are based on the fact that special decree had
been inscribed on it, which, according to contemporary scholarship, was issued
by the priests in order to glorify the pharaoh Ptolemy V Epiphany Eucharist one
year after his coronation, more precisely, according to present-day calendar on
27th March 196 B.C. The special interest arises because this decree was written
in three different scripts: in hieroglyphs, in so called demotic script and in the
ancient Greek alphabet. On the basis of the text written in the ancient Greek
alphabet, in 1822 the well-known French scientist Champollion deciphered the
hieroglyphic script using the ancient Egyptian language for wiring for sound.
Tracing the script and the language of the ancient Macedonians
Fig. 1. Photo of the Rosetta Stone at the British Museum in London
Prilozi, Odd. mat. teh. nauki, XXVI, 2 (2005), s. 7122
10
According to the perceptions of contemporary science, as well as the

text being written in three scripts, two languages had been used: ancient Egyptian, in the text written with hieroglyphs and in the demotic script, and ancient
Greek in the text written in ancient Greek script. The thesis that three scripts
and three languages are used on the Rosetta Stone was widely accepted until
the beginning of the 20th century. Due to the difficulties in determining and deciphering the third language, which was used to write the middle text of the
stone, in the first decade of the 20th century the thesis that three scripts and two
languages were used on the stone began to predominate. Consequently, current
scholarship supports the theory that two scripts: the hieroglyphic and the demotic, were used to inscribe the decree on the Rosetta Stone in ancient Egyptian
language.
A basic assumption of our research is that in writing the text on the
Rosetta Stone three scripts were used, but in three languages: ancient Egyptian, written in the hieroglyphic script, ancient Macedonian, written in the
demotic script, and ancient Greek written in the ancient Greek alphabet. This
assumption is based on the fact that the rulers of Egypt in those times were the
Ptolemaic dynasty, descend from Ptolemy Soter, general of Alexander the
Great, i.e. they were ancient Macedonians. And according to the perceptions
of a part of contemporary scholarship the ancient Macedonians used to speak in
a language different from the ancient Greek, and it is more than obvious that
they had to know how to read and write into their own language. Our assumption is that the script they used was the script used in the middle text of the
Rosetta Stone and which is known today in the scholarly circles under the term
of the demotic script. The assumption becomes true if the demotic script is
taken into consideration either in its universal use on the part of the literate
people of those times, i.e. it was being used in Persia and Egypt for writing state
documents, documents for legal and property issues, scientific texts, poetry and
prose.
The appearance of the middle text of the Rosetta Stone is shown of Figure 2.
It is known that the demotic script is syllabic in character, which means
that each sign represents one syllable of the consonantvowel type. In comparison with a letter script, the syllabic script is much more susceptible to influence
in terms of the language in which it is being used. From this reason, different
variants of the script itself would have to exist depending on the language in
which it was being written. Today, it is in fact so with the Latin alphabet, where
there exist different variants for different languages for which the Latin alphabet
is used.
11
Fig. 2. The appearance of the middle text of the Rosetta Stone
It must be mentioned that the demotic script has been in the past and is
still today a subject of intensive research. One of the most significant and leading works in the field of study of the demotic script as well as the language, the
new Egyptian language as it is called, is the Dictionary and Grammar of the
Demotic Language, The Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, USA. Although it is clear and generally accepted that a syllabic script is in question, in
this significant publication the authors point out that they are not capable being
read sign by sign (syllable after syllable), but they suggest the text is written
word after word, and at the same time supposing an absolute language identity
in the forming of sentences, phrases and all the names of rulers and gods in the
text in ancient Egyptian with the ancient Greek text.
In the text that follows, the perceptions and results of our research in
analyzing and deciphering the middle text of the Rosetta Stone are presented,
starting from the assumption that the text in the demotic script was written in
the language of the ancient Macedonians, i.e. in the ancient Macedonian
language.
In the first chapter, the basic characteristics of the analyzed script are
given. Unlike the research by the Oriental Institute in Chicago, in our research
of the demotic script we start from the basic fact: that is the syllabic script and
we consider it sign by sign, i.e. syllable by syllable. Several groups of syllabic
signs are defined according to their use in terms of whether a syllable is being
wired for sound, independent consonant or independent vowel. Several signs
are also defined which are most probably the remains of some old pictographic
12
script, and as such they represent a whole notion. The method of writing the socalled ligatures is defined, which according to us is a characteristic of the ancient Macedonian variant of this widely-used script in the given period of the
Mediterranean Asian civilization.
In the second chapter the procedure of wiring for sound the syllabic
signs is presented, the signs for wiring for sound pure consonant, pure vowel
and the way of reading and wiring for sound the pictographic signs and ligatures. We classify the syllabic signs into three classes, as asymmetric, symmetric and inclined signs. The asymmetric signs are characterized by the fact that
they have 8 possible positions on the writing surface (plane), that is why they
were used for writing consonants which could form separate syllables for all
eight vowels, as many as existed in the ancient Macedonian language. The
symmetric and inclined syllabic signs can have only 4 positions in the writing
surface (plane) with which syllables can be written with appropriate consonants
with 4 vowels. However, according to rules, the consonants for which in the
wiring for sound a symmetric or inclined sign is used additionally make a syllable with the vowel [i]. In writing down these kinds of syllables, because it was
not planned to use a syllabic sign, a pure consonant was used and the sign for
the pure vowel [i] was used. The 4 pictographic signs were also used as the
remainder of some older script in the analyzed text. For two of these we managed to define their wiring for sound as well as their meaning, while for the
other two we managed to define their meaning only. The ligatures are a special
form used in writing, where in the place determined for one sign, 2 to 3 signs
are written one over the other and/or one above the other. When reading the
ligatures, simply the meaning of each single sign (in the form of a syllable) is
read, and between them the syllable na [na] is automatically added (equivalent
to the English prepositions on, at), which completely reflects the geometrical
position among the signs. Consequently, our assumption very clearly follows
that the ligatures must be a basic characteristic of the ancient Macedonian variant of this script, taking into consideration the fact that the contemporary Macedonian language is distinguished by the very clear use of the preposition na [na]
(equivalent to English prepositions on, at,).
In the third chapter, applying the rules for wiring for sound presented in
the second chapter, the following things are presented: the formation of the superlative of adjectives, the method of making the plural of nouns and the formations of definite and indefinite forms of nouns.
The fourth chapter is a thorough examination of the most frequently
met composition of words in the text, i.e. titles, the first name, family name and
nickname of the emperor.
13
In the fifth chapter the names of the emperors mother and father are
presented, his grandfathers names, those of his great grandfather and greatgreat grandfather, as well as some of their wives names that are inscribed in the
text.
In the sixth chapter the categories of young maids inscribed in the text
are thoroughly analyzed.
In the seventh chapter the different categories of priests mentioned in
the text are considered.
In the eighth chapter a detailed analysis of the last row of the text is
presented. The basic reason for this is the fact that here an order was given indicating in which temples, in which lands and with what kinds of scripts the decree was to be written. Unlike the ancient Greek text, in which only the temples
from (the) first, (the) second and (the) third rank are given, in the demotic text
the groups of temples were mentioned such as the God Snake of the Mouth, the
God of Asswan and our God. It should be mentioned that the God Snake was
the God of the Nile Delta and the Lower Egypt, and the God Asswan was the
supreme God of Upper Egypt, which is widely-accepted fact in the contemporary scholarship in this field. With respect to the parts of the land where the
stone with the decree was to be placed, and also with respect to the two scripts
besides the Hellenic one in which the decree was to be written, there is not any
evidence in the ancient Greek text, for the simple reason that a part of the stone
is broken off. In the analyzed text we managed to identify the three lands in
whose temples it was stated that the stone should be placed. The lands are
Egypt, Sinai and the land of the greatest God Cho of Thnani (we suppose that
this territory is the area of Nathania, todays part of Israel). We find a description of the script in which the decree was to be written, that of the Supreme
Priests, of the Alive Masters and the script of the Danai. The script of the living masters is the script of the ancient Macedonians, because the living masters
originated from the ancient Macedonians, and the name Danai is most probably
a sign of how the ancient Macedonians addressed the Greeks in that period.
In the ninth chapter the names of the territories and peoples that we find
in the text are considered. We succeeded in identifying what the ancient Macedonians used to call Egypt, both parts of Egypt Lower and Upper Egypt, as
well as the ancient Macedonian name for Sinai. The names of the ethnic groups
living in the ancient Egypt are mentioned in the text. It is interesting to mention
that besides the Egyptians (in the original in the demotic text called Gjupatsi
[Gjupatsi] (equivalent to english Gypsies) and the Danai (the ancientMacedonian term for ancient Greeks) a special ethnic group of the Egyptian
Danai is mentioned. It is even more interesting that the ancient Macedonians
14
called themselves the children of Dea [detsa na Dea], who, according to contemporary scholarship, was the Mother Goddess among the ancientMacedonians.
In the tenth chapter the names of the ancient Macedonians gods are
presented. For some of them we managed to figure out their function as gods,
too. In the text we also identify the names of some ancient Egyptian gods, in
the way they were named in original, in ancient Egyptian. Considering the fact
that in the ancient Greek text those same gods were written down using their
original ancient Greek names, for the first time we are in a position to state what
one and the same god used to be called in ancient Egyptian, ancient Macedonian
and ancient Greek. This finding is the complete opposite of the interpretation of
contemporary scholarship where the ancient Egyptian gods in the text written in
hieroglyphic script have been given the same names as those given in the ancient Greek text. In our research we prove the assumption that among different
peoples and in different languages the gods names must differ, only their functions remain the same.
A summary is added at the end of the text.
A dictionary of terms is given in Appendix 1. The terms were read according to the suggested procedure for reading. For easier use the dictionary is
given in the form of a table with five columns: the first column gives the original entry is given, the second column gives the transcript generated according to
our procedure, the third column gives the wiring for sound of the corresponding
entry according to the original wiring for sound procedure presented in the text,
the fourth column gives the interpretation of the meaning in the contemporary
Macedonian language, and the fifth column gives the translation of the corresponding entry in English which was done on the basis of the ancient Greek text
and is present in the corresponding literature. This is done in order to compare
the results from the reading according to the presented procedure with generally
known and accepted results from the reading of the ancient Greek text.
1. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SCRIPT
In writing the middle text of the Rosetta Stone a script with the following characteristics was used:
the direction of writing is from right to left;
there are no punctuation marks in todays sense;
there are no capital letters;
15
there is no division of words and use of blank space, it is written in an

unbroken string;
the script used is the syllabic from the type consonant-vowel, with a
minimal use of determined signs from pictographic writing.
1.1. Identification of the Syllabic Signs

The relatively wide range of the available text, of about 4500 signs,
gives us an opportunity to identify the forms of the signs which are the basis of
the script used. The most frequent ones are denoted asymmetrical, symmetrical
and slanting signs.
1.1.1. Asymmetrical Syllabic Signs
The characteristic of the asymmetrical syllabic signs is it they can be
written using 8 (eight) different dispositions on the writing surface (plane) to
denote syllables using one consonant with 8 vowels in a monosemic (unambiguous) way.
In the analyzed text 12 (twelve) asymmetrical signs were identified.
They are the following:
1
10
11
12
as the signs for 12 (twelve) consonants.

Each of these 12 signs in the writing surface (plane), can be written in
using 8 (eight) dispositions, as:
In this way, with only 12 different asymmetrical signs 12 x 8 = 96 syllables of the consonant vowel type can be written in a monosemic (unambiguous) way.
The asymmetrical signs noted under the numbers 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 9, in
the positions written under the numbers 1, 3, 5 and 7 were used in the 16th cen-
16
tury as signs for writing numbers by the well-known mathematician Cardan, in

his work Systems for Writing Numbers.
As in the analyzed text, where the consonant was determined by the
form of the sign, and the vowel in the syllable was determined by the position
of the sign, in his work Cardan determined the numbers with the form of the
sign, and determined wieghts with their disposition (ones, tens, hundreds and
thousands) in the number, as shown on Figure 1.1.
Fig. 1.1. System for Writing Numbers

(from Cardans book ARS MAGNA,.., , system for writing numbers, ..)
If we remember that the Rosetta text dates from the second century B.C.
and was written on the territory of Egypt, while Cardan was working in the 16th
century A.D. in Italy, we can conclude that after 1800 years there was still a
knowledge in the Mediterranean area about the signs in the Rosetta text.
1.1.2. Symmetrical Syllabic Signs
The characteristic of the symmetrical syllabic signs is that 4(four) different dispositions can be written on the writing surface (plane) to denote syllables of one consonant with four vowels in a monosemic (unambiguous) way. In
the analyzed text 6 (six) signs were identified. They are the following:
17
as marks for 6 (six) consonants.

Each of these 6 marks in the writing surface (plane), can be written in
with 4 (four) dispositions, as follows:
In this way, using 6 different signs 6 x 4 = 24 different syllables of the

consonant vowel type can be written in a monosemic (unambiguous) way.
1.1.3. Inclined Syllabic Signs
The inclined syllabic signs, like the symmetrical syllabic signs, can be
written on the writing surface (plane) with 4 (four) different dispositions to denote syllables of one consonant with four vowels in a monosemic (unambiguous) way. They are the following:
Each of these 6 marks in the writing surface (plane), can be written using 4 (four) dispositions, as in the following example:
In this way, using 6 different signs 6 x 4 = 24 different syllables of the

type consonant vowel can be written in a monosemic (unambiguous) way.
1.1.4. Specific Syllabic Sign
It should be specially emphasized that a specific sign occurs in the text,
which was identified by us in 4 forms. They are the following:
18
The last form, two slanting lines brought nearer in the upper part of this
syllabic sign, we find even today in many syllabic scripts of the Asian continent.
1.2. Signs for Isolated Writing of Consonants
Some of the consonants in the text are found to be written separately, in
the following form:
The slanting line in the composition of the basic sign in the first two
and the last, is used with the function of virama, i.e. it eliminates the vowel of
the corresponding syllable.
1.3. Signs for Isolated Writing of Vowels
While writing, there was a need to write down an isolated vowel. Signs
in only one position were used for writing down an isolated vowel. The following signs, which reflect to represent vowels, were identified in the text:
1.4. Pictographic Signs

As a remnant of some older script in the analyzed text several signs occur which do not adapt to the syllabic concept. This refers mainly to the very
frequently occurring three vertical lines and three slant lines:
which means an occurrence (that has been) already studied in the corresponding
literature in this field.
Two other signs occur, but not very frequently, which cannot be syllabically explained either. They are the following:
19
The first sign represents a stylized form of the Egyptian god of the
dead, and the second sign is a stylized form of a snake.
1.5. Writing of Ligatures
It is obvious that in the text syllabic signs have not only been written
next to each other, but they have also been written one above the other, as in the
example:
We call these forms ligatures and we think that they reflect a specific
characteristic of the language which was being expressed through the script.
In most cases there are 2 to 3 signs in the ligatures. As a rule, the beginning of a word was written with a ligature, whereas the end of the word
whose beginning was written in a form of ligature was realized with one and
very rarely with 2 to 3 syllables (signs).
2. WIRING FOR SOUND OF THE IDENTIFIED SIGNS
The syllabic scripts contain the characteristics of the language that they
are used to write much more than do the sound scripts.
If the basic assumption is that the analyzed text is written in the language of the ancient Macedonians, the determination of the sound characteristics of that language will be realized through the sound features of the domestic
population in the Balkan area, as their parent territory. We assume that the
sound values of the vowels and consonants, as mostly not liable to changes,
have retained the same pronunciation up to the present day.
2.1. Wiring for Sound of the Syllabic Signs
The wiring for sound of the identified syllabic signs can be realized by
finding words in the text which have preserved their meaning to the present day
in languages or dialects in the Balkan area or farther afield in the European area.
In this phase the analysis will, of course, be based on a comparison between
20
words from the text of the Rosetta Stone and archaisms from the dialects of the
contemporary Macedonian language.
2.1.1. Wiring for Sound of the Asymmetrical Syllabic Signs
Using more than one hundred words from the contemporary Macedonian language, all 12 (twelve) asymmetrical signs were wired for sound with
corresponding consonants. They are:
1
J
[j]
\
[gj]
R
[r]
4
@
[zh]
Z
Y
[z] [dz]
10
11
P
[p]
T
[t]
S
[s]
C
[ts]
[
[sh]
12
^
[tch]
The asymmetrical signs R[r] and J[j] in todays and in the ancient Macedonian script have the same form and the same sound. According to their
written form the remaining asymmetrical signs are mutually similar, and in their
pronunciation, too, for example the asymmetrical signs @[zh], Z[z], and Y[dz].
The similarity in writing and in the pronunciation also applies to the asymmetrical signs S[s], C[ts], ^[tch], [[sh].
Each of these 12 consonants on the writing surface (plane), can be written using 8 dispositions and can denote syllables with 8 consonants, as in the
example of the sign for the consonant J[j].
1
Jo
[jo]
J
[j ]
Ju
[ju]
J
[j ]
Je
[je]
J
[j ]
Ja
[ja]
Ji
[ji]
The procedure of mirroring and rotating the basic sign on the writing
surface (plane) in order to attach the corresponding vowel from the syllable is
shown on Figure 2.1 for consonant P [p].
All 8 (eight) positions of writing are identified in the text, which means
they have been wired for sound with all 6 active vowels in todays Slavic languages and the long forms of the vowels O[ ] and E[ ] which have been pre-
21
served in the contemporary Slovenian language [1, 2], as well as in some of the
dialects of the Macedonian language (Miyatchki and Vevtchanski, [7]).
Fig. 2.1. Rotation and mirroring of a syllabic sign in the writing surface (plane)
All forms of the asymmetrical signs with their wiring for sounds are
presented in the Table 2.1.
T a b l e 2.1
Asymmetrical Signs and Their Wiring for Sound
22
2.1.2. Wiring for Sound of the Symmetrical Syllabic Signs

Using about 20 words from the contemporary Macedonian language, 6
symmetrical signs were wired for sound. They are:
1
B[b] V[v] M[m] H[h]
5
G[g]
6
X[dzh]
No more than 4 positions for writing were found for each of the signs
wired for sound in the text. The formation of syllables in the corresponding
vowels is shown in the table 2.2., positions 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7, respectively.
T a b l e 2.2
Symmetrical and Inclined Signs and Their Wiring for Sound
In order to form a syllable with the vowel i[i], we identified that the
signs of the consonants V[v] and L[l] were written with the mark for virama
and then the symbol for the vowel i[i] was added.
23
2.1.3. Wiring for Sound of the Inclined Syllabic Signs

Unlike the asymmetrical signs, where the vertical line is dominant in
the basic sign, in the inclined signs an inclined line is dominant. And for these
signs no more than 4 positions for writing were identified.
The formation of syllables with corresponding vowels is shown in the
table 2.2, positions 3, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13, respectively.
1
F[f]
L[l]
Q[lj]
N[n]
K[k]
][kj]
In the text the sign for the consonant Q[lj] most frequently occurs in a
syllable with the vowel y[u], which is also characteristic in the contemporary
Macedonian language.
The first sign from left to right in the analyzed text is a rotated form of
the sign B[b] for 45 degrees in the clockwise direction. No defining word for
this sign has yet been found in todays Macedonian language, and our assumption is that most probably it represents the consonant F[f].
2.1.4. Wiring for Sound of the Specific Syllabic Signs
The specific syllabic sign which in form recalls the letter D[d] in the
Cyrillic alphabet was proved by wiring for sound in all its forms, such as:
Do[do] De[de]
Da[da]
Di[di]
Apart from our research, the syllabic sign Di[di] has the same form of
wiring for sound in the monograph Praslavyanskaya Pismenost by G. S.
Grinevich, Moscow 1933, [5].
2.2. Wiring for Sound of the Signs for Isolated Consonants
The frequent use was noted of some isolated consonants which were
wired for sound in the following way:
L[l] (P[r])
B[v]
N[n]
P[p]
24
The pronunciation of the isolated consonant changes into soft P[r],

sound which we have it even today in the pronunciation of words from the Macedonian language. It should be mentioned here that contemporary scholarship
has concluded that it was during the Ptolemaic dynasty that a distinction was
made for the first time between the sounds L[l] and P[r], which was appropriately transferred into the script, i.e. in the analyzed text.
The pronunciation of the isolated consonant v[v] most frequently occurs
in the formation of the syllable with the vowel i[i], or in the formation of the
preposition vo [vo] (equivalent to the English prepositions in, at), in original vv
[vv]
.
The inclined line without addition
denotes the isolated consonant
n[n] which is very frequently used in the contemporary Macedonian language.
2.3. Wiring for Sound of the Signs for Isolated Vowels
In the analyzed text, most frequently used sign is the vertical line ( ),
which was wired for sound with the vowel i[i]. Besides the use of the vowel i
[i] as a conjunction, it is also used at the end of the word for formation of the
plural of nouns and adjectives.
The horizontal line ( ) was wired for sound with the vowel a[a]. It is
also frequently used as a conjunction.
The wiring for sound of the identified signs for the vowels is the following:
O[o]
[ ]
U[u]
E[e]
A[a]
I[i]
2.4. Wiring for Sound of the Pictographic Signs

The very frequent occurrence and the place of occurrence of the three
vertical lines
as a single sign suggest its meaning: BOGA [Boga]. In the
above-mentioned monograph by G.S. Grinevich , this sign was also wired for
sound with BOGA [Boga]. We prove our conclusion by deciphering the adjective Boèn [bozhen] (equivalent to English divine), written down using syllabic signs previously formerly wired for sound in form
and their
superlative form najboèn [naibozhen] (equivalent to English the most divine)
.
25
The three inclined lines occur in a specific construction to define the

term SVETOST (equivalent in English the Eminence), in original inscribed
as:
which was wired for sound as (the way it is read from right to left):
oT(R)LadopsoG eV ZaN IoM e\I oT(R)LadopsoG eV ZaN IoM
[ot(r)ladopsog ev zan iom ejgi ot(r)ladopsog ev zan iom]
which was translated into Macedonian as
Gospodarite na Gospodarite [gospodarite na gospodarite]
(equivalent to English Masters of the Masters)
or
Gospodin Gospodin [gospodin gospodin]
(equivalent to English Master Master)
which associates with present-day title and addressing His Beatitude the Head
of the Macedonian Orthodox Church Gospodin Gospodin [gospodin gospodin], which is the only way of addressing heads among the Orthodox church.
In another form, it occurs as a synonym of the pharaohs, i.e. for Our
Living Masters, originally inscribed in form
which was wired for sound as (the way it is read from right to left):
aT(R)LadopsoG eV @aN IoM
[at(r)ladopsog ev hzan iom]
and translated into contemporary Macedonian language:
Moite ìvi gospodari [moite zhivi gospodari]
(equivalent to English My Living Masters)
If for the sign we conclude the pronunciation of soft P[r], as is the
case in contemporary Macedonian language, then from the analysis of the previous examples of the three inclined lines we can definitely give the wiring for
sound of GOSPODA [gospoda] (equivalent to English Masters).
26
2.5. Wiring for Sound of the Ligatures

The signs used for writing ligatures have preserved their sound value:
they were mutually connected with the preposition na [na] (equivalent to the
English prepositions on, at,), if written next to each other or one above the
other, as in the example:
AeDaN [aedan]
I YaN jaN [iezdanjan]
A [aN [ahsan]
ZoLaN [ezolan]
AIoRaN [aioran]
Usually the ligatures were written at the beginning of the word, and the
word was ended by adding 1 or 2 syllabic signs. In some cases two successive
words can be connected with a ligature, which makes the process of the division
of words additionally difficult in a continuously written text. Most frequently 2
to 3 signs were used in a ligature.
3. SOME RULES FOR WRITING

By identification or wiring for sound of the syllabic signs, the findings
for writing isolated consonants and vowels so far described, as well as deciphering the ligatures, certain necessary conditions were discovered for a further
analysis of the rules for writing and reading the analyzed text.
3.1. Writing Superlatives of Adjectives
Writing the syllabic signs one on the other or one over the other, it is
possible to form superlative forms of adjectives in an effective way in those
languages which do not contain the prefix naj_ [nai] (equivalent to English the
_est/ the most ). In that case the basic form of the adjective was written above the sign for the syllable J
In the analyzed text, more cases of formation of superlative form in this

way were identified, such as:
Basic Form
27
Superlative form
Ancient Macedonian original

Reading (from right to left)
Contemporary Macedonian
Equivalent to English
Y
[ zD]
Svetol
[svetol]
Bright
Y JaN
[ zdjaN]
Najsvetol
[naisvetol]
The Most Bright

uNeV @
[unev hZ]
@iven
[zhiven]
Living
uNeV @ JaN
[unev hZiaN]
Najìven
[Naizhiven]
(ve~en)
([vetchen])
For ever living
(The most living)
(Ethernal)

N @oB
[n hzoB]
Boèn
[Bozhen]
Divine
N @oB JaN
[n hzoBjaN]
Najboèn
[Naibozhen]
The most divine

eMI [aN
[emi hsaN]
Na{e ime
[Nashe ime]
Our name
EMI [aN JaN

[emi hsaNjaN]
Najna{e ime
[NaiNashe ime]
The most honourable name
In the dictionary of identified words, 8 different words were added to

the basic and superlative form, written in this way, and which have the same
meaning to this very day.
28
3.2. Writing the Plural of Nouns

In many Slavic languages, and especially in the Macedonian language,
the plural of nouns and adjectives is often formed by adding i[i] at the end of
the noun in singular. In the analyzed text, we also identified the formation of
the plural in this way, as in the example:
Gospodar
[gospodar]
Lord
Gospodari
[gospodari]
Sve{tenik
[svehtenik]
Lords
Priest
Sve{tenici
[svehtenitsi]
Priests
In the dictionary of the identified words, 5 words were added in the singular and plural formed in this way, and they have kept the same meaning to
this very day.
It is very important to mention that in [3] when forming the plural of
nouns a vertical line was added at the end of the word. The author, in contrast to
our research and findings, treats the sign for vertical line as a mark for the plural. This is completely comprehensible if it is known that according to [3] it is
not possible to read the demotic script sign for sign (in accordance with our
findings that corresponds to reading/writing syllable for syllable), but is being
read word for word.
3.3. Non-defining and Defining Form of Nouns
While reading the analyzed text we identified nouns in the definite and
indefinite form, as:
Gospodar
[gospodar]
Gospodarto
[gospodarto]
Lord
The lord
in the singular, as well as

29
Gospodari
[gospodari]
Gospodarta
[gospodarta]
Lords
The lords
in the plural.
The definite article is to [to], and for the plural is ta [ta], equivalent in
English the.
In several other cases the definite form of nouns was made by adding
mo [mo] (some type of case form) as in the example:
Boga
[boga]
Bogamo
Deca
[bogamo]
[detsa]
Decamo
[detsamo]
Equivalent in English
God
Gods
Kid
Kids
We can conclude from our analyses to date that except in these cases,
we have very rarely identified other case forms.
4. MENTIONING THE NAME OF THE EMPEROR (PHARAOH)

Mentioning the name of the emperor (pharaoh) in the analyzed text is
the most frequently occurring composition of words. According to the findings
of our research and in accordance with the suggested wiring for sound of the
signs, addressing the ruler was very similar with todays way of addressing the
contemporary rulers.
4.1. The Title of the Emperor (Pharaoh)
From what has been said to date we can identify 2 words when the
name of the emperor (pharaoh) is mentioned as 2 superlatives, from right to left:
30
uNeV @ JaN
aCNeMI YaN JaN
[unev hziaN]
[acnemiezdaniaN]
For ever living
Translated into contemporary Macedonian language:
Najnao~it imenec [nainaotchit imenets],
(equivalent to English the most honourable name),
Najìveni (Ve~en) [naizhiveni] ([vetchen]),
(equivalent to English for ever living).
The Greek words
correspond to these titles.
(read from left to right)
4.2. The Name of the Emperor (Pharaoh)

We have concluded that after the title follows the name of the emperor
(pharaoh), which is not formal in todays sense, but is descriptive:
I JeViD
[i jevid]
oMagoB
[omagob]
JoT
[ jot]
Translated to contemporary Macedonian language: Toj komu bogovite mu se divat (voshituvaat) [toi komu bogovite mu se divat]
(equivalent to English He who is beloved by the gods).
This Macedonian name is translated into ancient Greek with the words:
The word
in ancient Greek means bogovi [bogovi] (equivalent
to the English gods), and the word
means That one who is beloved by the gods. The accuracy of the suggested way of reading and wiring for
sound is more than clear from this.
The method of forming personal names with word Boga [boga] is frequent in contemporary Macedonian language. The following names are very
31
frequent: Bogomil [bogomil], Bogoljub [bogoljub], Bogovid [bogovid], Bozidar [bozhidar], Bozana [bozhana] and others.
4.3. The Family Name of the Emperor (Pharaoh)
The family name of the emperor (pharaoh), i.e. the name of the dynasty
was recognized in the expressions (read from right to left):
JeVi[aN
[ jevihsaN]
LoToP
[lotop ]
eM SiaN
[em siaN]
CIaN
[ ciaN]
Translated into contemporary Macedonian for the name of the dynasty

was obtained in a descriptive form:
naiceneto naisemejstvo od grad na karpa izgradeniot
[naitseneto naisemeistvo od grad na karpa izgradeniot]
(equivalent to English the most respected the most family from town
on the stone built).
The following expression was used for translation in the ancient Greek
text
.
Which is read by present day scholarship in succession as one word
.
The first word
is a term for town, E is a preposition, and
is a goddess of (the) earth of the ancient Greeks.
This practically means that the term
means in ancient
Greek town of the goddess of (the) earth, which coincides completely with our
reading of the corresponding term in the middle text of the stone.
4.4. The Nickname (Public Name) of the Emperor (Pharaoh)
When the emperor (pharaoh) is mentioned with all his titles and full
name and family name, or when only his family name is mentioned, it always
ends with the expression (read from right to left):
32
eVaCaPu\ aN
[evastap ujG] [aN]
ZNaN
[ znaN]
NeV ZaN oM
[nev zaN] [oM]
which translated into contemporary Macedonian language means:

Nare~en naniza na \upacite
[narechen naniza na gjupatsite]
(equivalent to English
Called necklace of necklaces of the Gypsies (Egyptians)).
5. MENTIONING THE NAMES OF THE EMPERORS (PHARAOHS)
ANCESTORS
In the analyzed text, the names of the pharaohs parents were mentioned
in many places. In two instances the names of all the pharaohs male ancestors
were mentioned (father, grandfather, great grandfather and great-great grandfather). Besides the names of the male ancestors, their wives names are mentioned in various places of the text.
5.1. The Names of the Emperors (Pharaohs) Parents
The names of the parents are found together in several places of the
text, and the fathers name stands alone in certain places.
The mothers name is:

In the original
In ancient Greek
(English translation)
Arsinoe
Wired for sound (is read from right to left)

JoM J VaNagoB eViD aN @oBjaN
[ jom j vaN agoB eviD an hzobjaN]
In Contemporary Macedonian
Najboèna se voshituva na najgolem moj bog
[naibozhena se voshituva na naigolem moi bog]
English translation
The most divine adores my greatest god
33
The fathers name is:

In the original
Wired for sound (is read from right to left)

oTI YaN JaN e@i[N
[oti zdan jaN hzihsN]
In ancient Greek
(English translation)
In Contemporary Macedonian
Philopator
Ina{iot najo~it
[i nashiot naiotchit]
And our most honourable
In one place where pharaohs mother and father are mentioned, the
mother is addressed with the title woman pharaoh besides her name, which in
original was written as:
In the original
Read from right to left
Contemporary Macedonian language

Faraonicava
eVaCNeMI YaN JaN
[faraonicava]
[evacNemi zdan jaN]
Equivalent to English woman pharaoh
5.2. The Names of the Emperors (Pharaohs) Ancestors

Taking into consideration that the decree on the stone was ordered in
the time of Pharaoh Ptolemy V, the names of all his 4 ancestors were found (father, grandfather, great grandfather and great-great grandfather). They were put
in the second and third row, as well as in the 22nd row of the text in ancient Macedonian language. The order of mentioning the ancestors at the end of the second line and the beginning of the third one begins with the eldest (the founder
of the dynasty, Alexanders General Soter) and it ends with the name of the
pharaohs father. The name of Alexander stands before the name of the founder
of the dynasty. The 22nd line begins by mentioning the name of the pharaohs
father, and ends with the first in the dynasty (emperors great-great grandfather).
34
The following are the names:

In original
Wired for sound
In Macedonian
In English
(Greek)
NIeK VoKaN J
Junakot ve~en
[junakot vetchen]
The hero eternal
Soteres1
eVeY
Svetol (Sveto)
[svetol (sveto)]
Bright
Adelphoi
eMI P uQ @
Dobrodetel
[dobrodetel]
Benefactor
Euergetai2
Philopator
oTI YaN JaN e@i[N I na{iot najo~it
[I nashiot naiochit]
And our most honourable
) The meaning of the name Soteres (Sotir) is to this day Saviour, Hero.
2
) The meaning of the name Eurgetai is Founder of church/monastery, Sponsor, Benefactor.
In the second and third line, where the ancestors have been mentioned
from the eldest to the pharaohs father, among their names the noun DECA
[detsa] (equivalent to English children) has the meaning of successors. As a
result of that, in original we find the following text:
We have pointed this out because of the fact that the beginning of the
third line is missing because that part of the stone is broken off. By emphasizing
this, we want to demonstrate and stress what must have stood in that place
35
originally. This is marked by a rectangle with a broken line and filled with colour in the part of the restoration of the original text giving the ancestors names.
It is important to point out that this way of mentioning a persons ancestors is
absolutely identical with the way it is done in the Bible.
5.3. The Names of the Wives of the Emperors (Pharaohs) Ancestors
In several places in the text the names of the wives of the emperors
(pharaohs) ancestors are mentioned, such as:
In the original
Wired for sound In contemporary Macedonian

(from right to left)
In English
(Greek)
eViDaN @oBjaN Najboèna se voshituva na

JoM J VaNagoB najgolem moj bog
[naibozhena se voshituva na
Arsinoe
naigolem moj bog]
The most divine adores
(beloves) the greatest my god
agoB J VaN
JoM V S
Na najgolem bog pobedo moja

[na najgolem bog pobedo moja]
Berenice
The greatest god victory
of mine
When the wifes name was mentioned, according to the rules, the husbands first name preceded by the word imo [imo] followed, as in the example
(read from right to left):
oTI YaN JaN e@i[N oMI JoM J VaNagoB eViD aN @oB jaN
[oti zdan jan ehzihsn omi jom j van agob evid an hzob jan]
which in contemporary Macedonian means:
36

[naibozhena se voshituva na naigolem moi bog]
(equivalent in English
The most divine woman beloves my greatest god
Imo [imo] (equivalent to English wife of)
I na{iot najo~it [i nashiot naiochit]
And our the most honourable)
i.e.: Arsinoe Philopator,
as well as (from right to left):
eMI P
[emi p
uQ @
ulj hz
omI
omi
JoM
jom
V S
v s
agoB J VaN
agob j van]
which means:
Nagolem bog pobedo moja [naigolem bog pobedo moia]
The greatest god victory of mine
Imo [imo] (equivalent to English wife of)
@equ peime [zhelju p ime] (equivalent to English Benefactor)
i.e. Berenice Eurgetai
This special way of addressing the wives by emphasizing their names
followed by the first names of their husbands is found even to this day in a
slightly changed form in the western part of Macedonia, where the wife is addressed by the name of her husband and adding the word ica [itsa].
6. CATEGORIES OF YOUNG MAIDS

In the analyzed text we succeeded in deciphering the categories of
young maids that are present and mentioned in the ancient Greek text, such as:
aCeViD
[astevid
oT S
ot s
oMagoB Z jaN aCeViD

omagob z jan astevid
37
oT S oMagoB Z jaN
ot s omagob z jan]
which means:
Nejze bogovite site i se divat Nejze bogovite site i se divat
[neize bogovite site i se divat
neize bogovite site i se divat]
(equivalent to English:
Her the gods belove her all Her the gods belove her all)
i.e. Athlophoroi
It must be stressed here that we find the same form of address, as will
be explained, in the case of the term of address SVETI [sveti] (equivalent to
English Sacred), as Gospodin Gospodin [gospodin gospodin] (equivalent to
English Master Master), in the following chapter.
For the title Kanephoroi we found:
aCeNaNA
[astenana
agoB
agob
aN
an
aCeViD
astevid]
which means:
Se divi (voshituva ) na bogot Ananneca (bog na obnovata)
[se divi (voshituva) na bogot Ananetsa (bog na obnovata]
She admires the god Ananetsa (the god of restoration, renewal))
i.e. Kanephoroi
According to our research the god Ananetsa was a supreme Egyptian
god, and this is an Egyptian name for the god who was known to the ancient
Greeks as the god Osiris.
38
7. CATEGORIES OF PRIESTS
In the text, in addition to the word for priest {emo [shemo], we find
priests titles, such as:
In the original
In contemporary Macedonian
Y agoB oMaCeD Decata na bogot Ye (na svetlinata) The children of God

Dze (High priests)
[detsata na bogot dze (na svetlinata)]
[ zd agob omasted]
IoMe[ oMaCeD Deca na sve{tenicite

[detsa na sveshtenitsite]
[iomehs omasted]
The children of the

priests (Prophets)
We must mention that in the south-west part of Macedonia, i.e. in the

wider region of present settlement Ptolemaida which is situated in northern
Greece, among the Macedonian population we find the family name [emovi
[shemovi], which according to our findings would have to correspond to the
contemporary family name Popovi [popovi] (equivalent in English Priests).
8. DECIPHERING THE LAST LINE OF THE TEXT
According to the ancient Greek text, in the last line the pharaoh orders
(in the following succession) the decree to be written in 3 scripts and to be
placed in the temples of (the) first, (the) second and (the) third rank near the
statue of the pharaoh, although just here a part of the stone is broken off (the
part is missing).
In the analyzed text, the pharaohs order was identified in a different
succession, first in which three classes temples of gods, then in which three regions of the country a stone should be placed, and finally, in which scripts in the
language of the three circles of the population it should be written.
The pharaoh divided his wish into two orders beginning with the word
javi [javi] (equivalent in English ordered) in the original form written (from
right to left) with
iVJ [iv j].
39
8.1. Analysis of the First Order

The first order begins with the expression to be made of stone, in the
original written as:
NeVIeV [aN
Napraveni od kamen
[neviev hsan]
[napraveni od kamen]
(equivalent to English Made of stone)
The order continues with:
I [aN agoB
[i hsan agob
NuSAaN E agoB
nusaan e agob
ZU aN O ajimZ agoB eV [aN

zu an o ajimz agob iev hsan]
which means:
Kameni gradbi (hramovi) na:
Bogot Zmija od ustieto, Boga od Asuan i Boga Na{ion.
[kameni gradbi(hramovi) na:
bogot zmija na ustieto, boga od asuan i boga nashion]
Stone constructions (temples) of:
God Snake of the Mouth, the God of Asswan and our God.)
The order continues with the names of the three regions of the land, the
first is Egypt, the second Asswan, and the third is the land of the greatest God
Cho NaThnani, the expression written in original:
INaN TaN ^ J VaNagoB

[inan t an hc j van agob]
eVI S JaNiSaN
[evi s janis an]
oTP u\AaN
[otp ujga an]
The greatest god Cho of Thnani
In all of Sinai
In Egypt
40
In respect of the Greek text, here we find significantly more precise information which indirectly proves the primary importance of this text in respect
of the other two.
8.2. Analysis of the Second Order
The second order begins with the expression:
Da bide na kamen navezeno (napi{ano)
[da bide na kamen navezeno (napishano)]
To be on stone embroidered (written))
Written in the original with the expression:
eNeZeVaNi[aN
eDB
[enezevan ihs an
ed b]
In this case, for the word written the term embroidered is used, which
is to this day figuratively used for writing in some dialects of the Macedonian
language.
In the analyzed text, a single identification is used for stating the identity of the scripts and languages in which the decree was to be written, or a social circle in a multi ethnic society of that time Egypt.
The Supreme (High) Priests, presented with the original expression
oTLadopsoG V ZaN IoM e\I oTLadopsoG V ZaN IoM

[otladopsog ev zan iom ejgi otladopsog ev zan iom]
The Alive Masters, presented with the original expression
aTLadopsoG V @aN IoM

[otladopsog ev hzan iom]
41
The Danai, presented with the original expression
eV JaNaD aN
[ev janad an]
The second order ends with the expression written in original as:
oTaC i[ VV aC JeRaN
[otac ihs vv
ac jeran]
which means:
Pisma vo kamen tvrd
[pisma vo kamen tvrd]
Scripts in stone hard).
We can conclude from the contents of the second order that for the upper text (hieroglyphs sacred script) the expression script of the Supreme
(High) priests was used. The expression script of the Alive Masters was used
for the middle script (demotic), and those were the Ancient Macedonians. But
the term the Danai was used for the lowest text (ancient Greek).
From the example of the contents of the last line of the decree, which in
all probability has the same contents with the three texts, due to the different
structure of the languages it is not possible to accept that those texts are totally
identical, especially because of the different pronunciation of the names of the
peoples, gods and emperors (pharaohs).
If we bear in mind that our own personal names in those times had the
same descriptive character, in translating the text from one language into another, the personal names were also translated in accordance with their meaning, and obtained a completely different pronunciation.
9. NAMES OF TERRITORIES AND PEOPLES
In the analyzed text we find names of territories and peoples in the corresponding territories.
42
9.1. Names of Territories

Since the text in the stones primarily refers to the territory of Egypt, we
find the name of Egypt most frequently, not only when the whole territory of
Egypt has to be inscribed, but also the names of Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.
In original the name of Egypt is the following:
oTP u\A
[otp ujga]
This name comes from the analysis of the pharaohs order written in the
last line in demotic text, in the part which gave the territories where, in the corresponding temples of certain gods, the stone was to be placed. The analysis of
the text in the last line is shown in detail in the previous chapter.
The name of Egypt in ancient Greek is
The name of Upper Egypt in original is:
aP \ [ap jg]
The name of Lower Egypt in original is:
Z \ [ z jg]
It is known that the Mouth of the Nile is in Lower Egypt. In the original
the term is the following:
ZU
[ zu]
The findings that the term Uze [uze] in ancient Macedonian is today
pronounced USTIE [ustie], comes directly from the analysis of the last line in
the text. In the order which mentions the gods in whose temples the stone with
the decree by Ptolemy V Epiphany Eucharist had to be placed, i.e. in ancient
Macedonian Naj@ VeNe Toj BogaMo DiVeJ I PoToL Na[iVeJ
(The Immortal He Whom the Gods Admire from the town on stone built, as today we would say) it says that one of them is the God Snake Of Uze. It is generally accepted that the God Snake was the God of the Nile Delta, i.e. of its
mouth. Consequently, the conclusion more than simply follows that the
term
read from right to left \ Ze [Gj ze], denotes Lower Egypt.
The word pa [pa] (equivalent to English well) in the ancient Macedonian was used in linking constructions when numbering before an article in the
43
sequence being stated. An example for this is giving the scripts in which the
decree was to be written, in the last line, where before the script of the Alive
Masters there is the linking construction i na pajb [i na pai] (equivalent to
English as well as). The term
understood in this way, read from right to
left as \ Pa [gj pa], denotes Upper Egypt.
In order to prove that our assertion is correct, that the terms \bZe and
\bPa in ancient Macedonian match the terms Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt
respectively, a thorough analysis was conducted of the places in the text where
in the ancient Greek text these two parts of ancient Egypt are mentioned, and a
comparison was made with the places where the two previously mentioned
terms were found in the ancient Macedonian text. For instance, the following is
written in the 12th line of the demotic text for the terms Upper Egypt and Lower
Egypt:
aP \aN I Z \aN
[ap jgan i ez jgan]
Lower and Upper Egypt)
which completely corresponds with the mention of Upper Egypt and Lower
Egypt in the ancient Greek text.
9.2. Names of peoples
In the analyzed text, while stating the names of the pharaohs ancestors,
in the 22nd line of the middle text of the stone, the peoples whom they ruled are
also mentioned. After the name of the Philopator (N [e @e NajY Ito
[n she zhe naidzeito] I Na{iot NajSvetol [i nashiot naisvetol]
(Equivalent in English And Our Most Bright), for the peoples whom he
ruled was written in the original:

eNaP \ aN
[enap jgan
V JaNaD aN
ev janad an]
which means in todays Macedonian

[na danajtsive i na gjuptsite],
44
(Equivalent in English
To the Danai (the Greeks) and to the Gypsies).
After the names of Eurgetai (@eQu Pe IMe [zhelju pe ime] Dobrodetel [dobrodetel] (Equivalent in English Benefactor)) and Adelphoi
(YeVo [dzevo] Svetol [svetol] (Equivalent in English Bright) for the peoples whom they ruled was written in the original:
eNaP \aN
[enap jgan
V JaNaD oMaP \aN

ev janad omap jgan
V JaNaD aN
ev janad an]
which means in contemporary Macedonian

[na danajtsive i na egipetskite danajtsi i na gjuptsite],
(Equivalent in English
To the Danai (the Greeks),
To the Egyptian Danai (the Egyptian Greeks) and To the Gypsies).
It is interesting to consider the third ethnic group besides the Danai and
the Gypsies, i.e. the Egyptian Danai. This means that besides the Danai ethnic
group on the Balkans at the time of the first ruler from the Ptolemy dynasty,
there existed a separate Danai entity on the territory of Egypt. Toward the end
of the 11th line in the demotic text this entity is mentioned in the original as:
aP \ aN
[ap jgan
V JaNaD
ev janad]
In English this denotes the Danai from Upper Egypt, by which their
territory was determined.
10. NAMES OF THE GODS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
In the middle text of the Rosetta Stone we find the names and functions
of many gods. As a result of their titles, which literally meant a characteristic of
the language and writing of the ancient Macedonians, we were able to identify
45
names of several Egyptian gods even in the original way that they were called in
ancient Egyptian. In the analyzed text we also found the names, most probably,
of all the gods of the ancient Macedonians.
10.1. Names of the Gods and Their Functions for the Ancient Macedonians
According to our research, in the middle text we were able to read the
names of most probably all gods of the ancient Macedonians. For a certain
number of gods we are able to determine their functions, too. It is most characteristic that almost all the gods names are monosyllabic. Their names and functions are the following:
eY agoB
aS agoB
eV agoB
oV agoB
In contemporary Macedonian:
Boga Ye
Boga Sa Boga Ve Boga Vo
[boga dze] [boga sa] [boga ve] [boga vo]
H agoB
X agoB
iL agoB
In contemporary Macedonian:
Boga H
Boga X
Boga Li
[boga h ] [boga dzh ] [boga li]
a^L agoB
iV agoB
eD agoB
Boga Vi
[boga vi]
aK agoB ajimZ agoB
Boga Lâ Boga Ka Boga Zmija

[boga ltcha] [boga ka] [boga zmia]
God Ye [dze] is a supreme god, god of the summers and of the light
)
(the sun) (in ancient Greek text inscribed as
God Sa [sa] is god of the gardens and vineyards (planting)
God Ve [ve] is god of the builders (craftsmen)
God Vo [vo] is god of waters
God Vi [vi]
God De [de]
God H [ho] is god of war (spearmen)
God X [dzho]
God Li [li] is god of forests (autumn), of renovation (in ancient Greek
text inscribed as
)
46
God Lâ [ltcha] is goddess of the light ray/sunrise (in ancient Greek
text inscribed as
)
God Ka [ka] was also found among the Sumerians in the shape of a
snake
God Zmija [zmia] The God Snake
We concluded the god Ye [dze] (by his function god of the summers)
was a supreme god because in the text he is addressed very similarly to a pharaoh, i.e. with two epithets in the superlative, of which only the second one is
different. Instead of Najèveni [naizheveni] (equivalent to English forever
living) which was used when addressing the pharaoh, is Najsvetol [naisvetol]
(equivalent to English The most Bright), and in the original it is the following:
IoTL agoB eV ZaN IoM

[iotl
agob ev zan iom
I Y JaN
i zd jan
aCNeMI YaN JaN

acnemi zdan jan]
This in contemporary Macedonian (in translation) means:

Najnao~it imenec, najsvetli po na{e bogot na letata.
[nainaochit imenets naisvetli po nashe bogot na letata]
The most honourable, the most bright according to our way of saying
the god of the summers).
10.2. The Names of the Gods and Their Functions among the Ancient Egyptians
The style of addressing the Egyptians gods is especially interesting in
the text. After the name of the god as he was called in ancient Egyptian, there
follows in addition the way he was named in ancient Macedonian. In the original it was written down in the following way:
iL
[il
agoB eV ZaN
agob ev zan
IoM A
iom a
agoB aCeNaNA eVaCaP u\

agob astenana
evastap ujg]
In translation in contemporary Macedonian language:
47
Bogot Ananeca na egip}anite (bogot na obnovuvaweto),

po na{e bogot Li.
[bogot ananetsa na egipkjanite bogot na obnovuvanjeto
po nashe bogot li]
The god Ananetsa of the Egyptians (the god of renovation),
according to our way of saying the god Lee),
as well as the expression
a^L
[ahctl
agoB aTeNaNA
agob
atenana]
in translation into contemporary Macedonian:

Ananeta boga Lâ (bogiwa na svetlosniot zrak
[ananeta boga ltcha boginja na svetlosniot
zrak]
Ananeta god LTCHa goddess of the light ray/sunrise)
According to the legends Ananeta was sister to the god Ananetsa.
In the original text we found this form of address which refers to the
goddess Ananeta and the god Ananetsa:
iL
[il
agoB eV ZaN IoMA

agob ev zan ioma
agoB aCeNaNA a^L agoB aTeNaNA

agob astenana ahctl agob atenana]
in translation into contemporary Macedonian:

Ananeta boga Lâ (bogiwa na svetlosniot zrak)
Bogot Ananeca (bogot na obnovuvaweto), po na{e bogot Li.
[ananeta boga ltcha boginja na svetlosniot zrak]
[bogot ananetsa bogot na obnovuvanjeto po nashe bogot li]
Ananeta god LTCHa (goddess of the light ray/sunrise)
The god Ananetsa (the god of renovation), according
to our way of saying the god Lee).
In the ancient Greek text these gods were written as Osiris, which corresponds to Ananetsa, and Isis, corresponding to Ananeta.
48
Our research in this area is completely different from that of contemporary scholarship. Namely, according to generally accepted attitude today with
the researchers of the hieroglyphic script, the gods names in ancient Egyptian
were written down in the way they were found in the ancient Greek text, i.e. like
Osiris and Isis respectively.
Contrary to this, we think that the gods names in ancient Egyptian
must be different from their ancient Greek names. This is proved by reading the
middle text of the stone, where we find the gods names as previously stated.
More complex names were found which within themselves contain the
term boga [boga],
Such as:
agoB aN agoB
[boga na boga]
God of the God
According to [4] this expression is the old Slavic name for Dionis.
CONCLUSION
The basic assumption of our analysis was that in the middle text of the
Rosetta Stone a syllabic script of only the consonant vowel type is used, with
the following characteristics: the number and pronunciation of the consonants
and vowels. This assumption means a new direction in studying the demotic
script and syllabic scripts from that period, unlike the concept of current scholarship of the wiring for sound of only the syllabic signs with consonants, while
at the same time ignoring the vowels.
The research to date has resulted into identification and wiring for
sound of the syllabic symbols for 25 consonants and 8 vowels.
Almost half of the consonants (12) are denoted using asymmetric signs
which can be in 8 positions on the writing surface (plane) and in that way syllables of one consonant with 8 vowels can be written in a monosemic (unambiguous) way. The remaining consonants are denoted using symmetrical or slanting
signs which can take 4 positions on the writing surface (plane) and thus write
syllables of one consonant and 4 vowels in a monosemic (unambiguous) way.
Some of these consonants make the fifth syllable with the vowel i [i] by using a
sign for an isolated consonant (virama) and next to it writing on a vertical line,
which is the sign for i [i].
49
Of the 8 necessary signs for pure vowels, 7 signs have been identified
for writing of isolated vowels, of which the signs for i [i] and for a [a]
are most frequently used. For writing isolated consonant (virama) was used,
whereas for frequently used isolated consonant n [n], a slanting line is used.
As a continuity of some older script, several characteristic forms were
taken over, such as 3 vertical lines (III Boga [boga] equivalent to English
God) and 3 slant lines (/// Gospoda [gospoda] equivalent to English Masters), which are frequently used in the text to denote complete terms.
When writing text, the signs defined in this way were put one next to
another from right to left without a space between the words, in an unbroken
string, without a mark for the beginning and end of a sentence. Besides writing
the signs one next to another, the signs were also written one over another or
one on another, where the sound value of the basic signs was not changed, but
they were interconnected with the preposition na [na] (equivalent to English
prepositions on, at) (ligatures). The frequent use of the preposition na [na]
(equivalent to English prepositions on, at) is even today a characteristic of the
Macedonian language.
Wiring for sound of the basic signs of the analyzed text and defining the
noted rules for the writing of ligatures was carried out by an iterative procedure
of singling out and recognition of about 160 words and most of these have preserved their meaning in some dialects of the contemporary Macedonian language.
Although we do not consider that we had found out all the secrets of the
analyzed script and moreover learnt the used language, we can say with great
assurance that the middle text of the Rosetta Stone was written in a script and
language of the masters of Egypt at that time, i.e. ancient Macedonians.
This text refers to the same event as the two other texts on the stone, but
no identity should be sought and the identity cannot be founded. We say this
because we have concluded, by deciphering the order written in the last line of
the text, that the records were written in scripts and languages of 3 social circles, the Supreme Priests, the Alive Masters and the Danai. From our point of
view and findings, in the scripts and languages of the ancient Egyptians, ancient
Macedonians and ancient Greeks.
A very large consideration from the findings from the reading of the ancient Greek text, especially in the wiring for sound of the personal names of the
rulers and gods, may lead to a misunderstanding which makes it impossible to
obtain correct findings. The Greek names of the rulers and gods do not exist in
50
the language of the ancient Macedonians nor, most probably, in the language of
the ancient Egyptians either. They are only descriptive translations of the symbolic meaning of the name from the language of the ancient Macedonians into
the language of the ancient Greeks.
The script and the language of the ancient Macedonians was the official
script and language of the Macedonian Empire or as it is known in contemporary scholarship, the script and language in which the laws and the official
documents were written. The mistake in current scholarship is that to learn the
middle text of the Rosetta Stone it prefers the ancient Egyptian language (called
new Egyptian in the available literature) and the area of Egypt, but not ancient
Macedonian language and the area of the Balkans.
PO TRAGITE NA PISMOTO I NA JAZIKOT

NA ANTI^KITE MAKEDONCI
Tome Bo{evski, Aristotel Tentov
A p s t r a k t: Vo trudov se prezentirani rezultatite od
istraùvawata realizirani vo ramkite na proektot De{ifrirawe na sredniot tekst na kamenot od Rozeta.
Konstatirano e deka za sredniot tekst na kamenot
od Rozeta e koristeno slogovno pismo od tipot soglaskasamoglaska. Identifikuvani se simboli za 25 soglaski.
Koristej}i ja postapkata na preslikuvawe i rotacija vo
ramninata na pi{uvawe, opredelen e ednozna~en na~in
za povrzuvawe na simbolot za soglaska so 4 ili so 8 samoglaski. Iako retko upotrebuvani, identifikuvani se i
simbolite za zapi{uvawe na izolirani samoglaski i soglaski. Vo analiziraniot tekst, pokraj pi{uvaweto na slogovnite znaci eden do drug, ~esto se pi{uvani slogovnite znaci i eden nad drug, vo forma na ligaturi. Iako vo mal broj,
identifikuvani se i nekolku piktografski simboli.
Ozvu~uvaweto na identifikuvanite slogovni znaci, osameni soglaski ili samoglaski i ligaturi, e realizirano so koristewe na arhaizmi od dijalekti na sovremeniot makedonski jazik. Vo analiziraniot tekst koj e
pi{uvan oddesno nalevo, bez rastojanie me|u zborovite i
bez odvojuvawe na re~enicite vo neprekinata niza, identifikuvani se pove}e od 160 zborovi koi go zadràle
zna~eweto vo nekoi dijalekti od sovremeniot makedonski jazik. Isto taka, identifikuvani se i odreden broj
gramati~ki pravila koi se prepoznatlivi i vo sovremeniot makedonski jazik, kako {to e formiraweto superlativ kaj pridavkite so prefiksot naj, mnoìna kaj
imenkite so dodavkata i, pojavata na opredelena i neopredelena forma kaj imenkite i za~estenata upotreba na
predlogot na. So vaka identifikuvanite slogovni znaci,
nivnoto ozvu~uvawe i opredelenite pravila na pi{uvawe,
sozdadena e ednozna~na metodologija za prepoznavawe na
odredeni zborovi i za ~itawe na napi{anoto.
Rezultatite od de{ifriraweto na sredniot tekst
na kamenot od Rozeta ukaùvaat na mnogu pove}e detali
koi gi nema vo tekstot zapi{an so anti~ko-gr~ko pismo.
Ovaa konstatacija go potvrduva soznanieto na naukata
52
T. Bo{evski, A. Tentov
u{te od vremeto na Tomas Jang (1822 godina) deka sredniot tekst e originalot. Vrz osnova na na{ite istraùvawa, ova soznanie moème da go doprecizirame so konstatacijata deka dekretot na faraonot vo sredniot tekst na
kamenot od Rozeta vo original e napi{an na jazikot na
anti~kite Makedonci so pismo na ìvite gospodari,
odnosno so oficijalnoto pismo i jazik na dràvata koja{to tie ja upravuvale pove}e od eden vek.
Klu~ni zborovi: anti~ki Makedonci, pismo, jazik
VOVED
Predmet na ova istraùvawe e de{ifrirawe na sredniot
tekst na kamenot od Rozeta.
Kamenot od Rozeta e eden od najpoznatite tekstualni artefakti od stariot Egipet {to e predmet na golem broj prou~uvawa i
istraùvawa vo nau~niot svet od ova podra~je. Imeto go dobil spored mestoto kade {to e iskopan, toa e Rozeta, odnosno El-Ra{id na
arapski. Otkrien e od nekoj francuski vojnik koj rabotel na iskopuvawe fortifikaciski objekti za potrebite na vojskata na Napoleon
vo tekot na negovata kampawa vo Egipet, vo 1799 godina. Po kratkotrajniot voen sudir so angliskata vojska koja ja dobiva vojnata, sklu~en e miroven dogovor vo Aleksandrija vo 1802 godina. Soglasno
odredbite na ovoj dogovor, site dobra i artefakti {to gi poseduvala francuskata vojska im pripadnale na Britancite. Vrz osnova na
toa, kamenot od Rozeta e odnesen vo Anglija, kade {to i den-denes se
nao|a i e eden od najpoznatite eksponati na Britanskiot muzej vo
London.
Kamenot od Rozeta pretstavuva karpa crn granit, prikaàn
na slikata 1.
Zna~eweto i interesot {to kamenot od Rozeta go pobudil vo
nau~niot svet se zasnova na toa {to na nego e napi{an poseben dekret, spored sovremenata nauka izdaden od sve{tenicite za veli~awe na faraonot Ptolomej V Epifan Evharistos edna godina po negovoto krunisuvawe, poto~no, soglasno dene{niot kalendar, na 27
mart 196 godina pred n.e. Posebniot interes proizleguva poradi toa
{to ovoj dekret e napi{an so tri pisma, i toa: so hieroglifi, so t.n.
demotsko i so anti~ko-gr~ko pismo. Vrz osnova na tekstot napi{an
so anti~ko-gr~koto pismo, poznatiot francuski nau~nik [ampolion vo 1822 godina go de{ifriral hieroglifskoto pismo upotrebuvaj}i anti~ko-egipetski jazik za ozvu~uvawe.
Contributions, Sec. Math. Tech. Sci., XXVI, 2 (2005), p. 7122
Po tragite na pismoto i na jazikot na anti~kite Makedonci
Sl. 1. Slika na kamenot od Rozeta od Britanskiot muzej vo London
53
54
Spored soznanijata na sovremenata nauka, i pokraj toa {to

tekstot e napi{an so tri pisma, upotrebeni se dva jazika, i toa: anti~ko-egipetski, vo tekstot napi{an so hieroglifi i so demotsko
pismo, i anti~ko-gr~ki, vo tekstot napi{an so anti~ko-gr~ko pismo.
S do po~etokot na 20-tiot vek bila op{toprifatena tezata deka na
kamenot od Rozeta se upotrebeni tri pisma na tri jazika. Poradi
te{kotiite so opredeluvawe i definirawe na tretiot jazik koj{to
e koristen pri pi{uvaweto na sredniot tekst na kamenot, vo prvata
dekada od 20-tiot vek po~nuva da dominira tezata deka na kamenot se
upotrebeni tri pisma i dva jazika. Na ovoj na~in, sega{nata nauka
zastapuva gledi{te deka za da se napi{e dekretot na kamenot od Rozeta na anti~ko-egipetski jazik se koristeni dve pisma: hieroglifsko i demotsko.
Osnovna pretpostavka pri na{eto istraùvawe e deka pri
pi{uvawe na tekstot na kamenot od Rozeta upotrebeni se tri pisma, no na tri jazika, i toa: anti~ko-egipetski, napi{an so hieroglifsko pismo, anti~ko-makedonski, napi{an so demotsko pismo, i
anti~ko-gr~ki, napi{an so anti~ko-gr~ko pismo. Ovaa pretpostavka se zasnova vrz faktot {to toga{nite vladeteli na Egipet, dinastijata na Ptolomeite, poteknuvaat od Ptolomej Soter, general na
Aleksandar Makedonski, odnosno se anti~ki Makedonci. I spored
soznanijata na del od sovremenata nauka, anti~kite Makedonci zboruvale na jazik razli~en od anti~ko-gr~kiot, a pove}e od o~igledno
e deka tie morale da znaat da pi{uvaat i da ~itaat na svojot jazik.
Na{a pretpostavka e deka pismoto {to tie go koristele e pismoto
upotrebeno vo sredniot tekst na kamenot od Rozeta, {to denes vo nau~nite krugovi e poznato pod terminot demotsko pismo. Pretpostavkata dobiva na verodostojnost, ako se zeme predvid deka demotskoto
pismo bilo vo univerzalna upotreba vo toga{niot pismen del od
svetot, odnosno se upotrebuvalo i vo toga{na Persija i Egipet za
pi{uvawe na dràvni dokumenti, dokumenti za imotno-pravni raboti, nau~ni tekstovi, poezija i proza.
Izgledot na sredniot tekst na kamenot od Rozeta e prikaàn
na slikata 2.
Poznato e deka demotskoto pismo po svojot karakter e slogovno, {to zna~i deka sekoj znak ozna~uva eden slog od tipot soglaskasamoglaska. Vo sporedba so bukvenoto pismo, slogovnoto pismo mnogu pove}e e podlo`no na vlijanie vo pogled na jazikot na koj toa se
upotrebuva. Od ovaa pri~ina, bi trebalo da postojat razli~ni varijanti na samoto pismo vo zavisnost od jazikot na koj{to se pi{uva,
55
kako {to toa, vpro~em, e slu~aj i den-denes so latinicata, kade {to

postojat razli~ni varijanti za razli~ni jazici kade {to se upotrebuva taa.
Sl. 2. Slika na sredniot tekst na kamenot od Rozeta
Treba da se napomne deka vo minatoto i denes demotskoto pismo bilo i e predmet na intenzivni istraùvawa. Edno od najzna~ajnite i vode~ki dela vo podra~jeto na izu~uvaweto na demotskoto
pismo, pa i jazik kako {to se narekuva novo-egipetskiot jazik, e
Re~nik i gramatika na demotskiot jazik, na Orientalniot institut od îkago, SAD. Iako e jasno i sosema op{toprifateno deka
stanuva zbor za slogovno pismo, vo ovaa zna~ajna publikacija avtorite istaknuvaat deka ne se vo sostojba da ~itaat znak po znak (slog po
slog), tuku predlagaat tekstot da se ~ita zbor po zbor, pritoa pretpostavuvaj}i apsolutna jazi~na identi~nost vo formiraweto na re~enicite, izrazite i site imiwa na vladetelite i bogovite vo tekstot na anti~ko-egipetskiot so anti~ko-gr~kiot tekst.
Vo tekstot {to sledi prikaàni se soznanijata i rezultatite
na na{ite istraùvawa pri analiza i de{ifrirawe na sredniot
tekst na kamenot od Rozeta, poa|aj}i od pretpostavkata deka tekstot
so demotsko pismo e napi{an na jazikot na anti~kite Makedonci,
odnosno na anti~ko-makedonski jazik.
56
Vo prvata glava od tekstot dadeni se osnovnite karakteristiki na analiziranoto pismo. Za razlika od istraùvawata na Orientalniot institut od îkago, vo na{ite istraùvawa na demotskoto
pismo poa|ame od osnovniot fakt: toa e slogovno pismo i nie go
razgleduvame znak po znak, odnosno slog po slog. Definirani se nekolku grupi na slogovni znaci, spored nivnata namena vo pogled na
toa dali se ozvu~uva slog, samostojna soglaska ili samostojna samoglaska. Isto taka, identifikuvani se i nekolku znaci {to najverojatno se ostatok od nekoe postaro piktografsko pismo i kako takvi
ozna~uvaat cel poim. Definiran e i na~inot na pi{uvawe na t.n. ligaturi, {to spored nas pretstavuva karakteristika na anti~ko-makedonskata varijanta na ova {iroko upotrebuvano pismo vo dadeniot period na mediteransko-aziskata civilizacija.
Vo vtorata glava prikaàna e postapkata za ozvu~uvawe na
slogovnite znaci, znacite za ozna~uvawe na ~ista soglaska, ~ista samoglaska i na~inot na ~itawe i ozvu~uvawe na piktografskite znaci i ligaturite. Slogovnite znaci gi klasificirame vo 3 klasi, i
toa: asimetri~ni, simetri~ni i nakoseni znaci. Asimetri~nite znaci se karakteriziraat so toa {to moàt da imaat 8 polo`bi vo ramninata na pi{uvawe, pa zatoa se upotrebuvaat za zapi{uvawe na soglaskite {to moàt da formiraat poedine~ni slogovi so site osum
samoglaski, kolku {to gi sodrèl anti~ko-makedonskiot jazik. Simetri~nite i nakosenite slogovni znaci moàt da imaat samo 4 polo`bi vo ramninata na pi{uvawe, so {to moàt da se zapi{at slogovi na soodvetni soglaski so 4 samoglaski. Me|utoa, po pravilo soglaskite za ~ie ozna~uvawe se upotrebuva simetri~en ili nakosen
znak pravat dopolnitelno slog i so samoglaskata i. Za zapi{uvawe
na vakvi slogovi, bidej}i ne e predvideno da se koristi slogoven
znak, se upotrebuva ~ista soglaska i oznakata za ~istata samoglaska
i. Kako ostatok od nekoe postaro pismo vo analiziraniot tekst se
sre}ava i upotrebata na 4 piktografski znaci. Za dva od niv go definiravme nivnoto ozvu~uvawe i zna~ewe, dodeka za drugite dva uspeavme da go definirame samo nivnoto zna~ewe. Ligaturite se posebna forma za zapi{uvawe, pri {to na mestoto opredeleno za eden
znak se sre}avaat 2 do 3 znaka napi{ani eden na drug i/ili eden vrz
drug. Pri ~itaweto na ligaturite ednostavno samo se ~ita zna~eweto (vo vid na slog) na sekoj poedine~en znak, a me|u niv se vmetnuva
slogot na, {to vo potpolnost ja odrazuva geometriskata polo`ba na
znacite. Ottuka, mnogu jasno sleduva na{ata pretpostavka deka liga-
57
turite bi trebalo da bidat osnovna karakteristika na anti~ko-makedonskata varijanta na ova pismo, so ogled na faktot {to i dene{niot makedonski jazik se odlikuva so mnogu ~esta upotreba na predlogot na.
Vo tretata glava, preku primena na pravilata za ozvu~uvawe,
prikaàni vo vtorata glava, dadeni se: na~inot na formirawe superlativna forma na pridavkite, na~inot na izrazuvawe mnoìna
kaj imenkite i na~inot na formirawe opredelena i neopredelena
forma kaj imenkite.
Vo ~etvrtata glava e detalno razrabotena naj~esto sre}avanata kompozicija na zborovi vo tekstot, odnosno titulite, imeto, prezimeto i prekarot na carot.
Vo pettata glava prikaàni se imiwata na majkata i na tatkoto na carot, imiwata na negoviot dedo, pradedoto i prapradedoto,
kako i imiwata na nekoi od nivnite soprugi {to gi sre}avame vo
analiziraniot tekst.
Vo {estata glava obraboteni se kategoriite na mladi prislu`ni~ki {to se nabeleàni vo tekstot.
Vo sedmata glava opfateni se razli~nite kategorii sve{tenici navedeni vo analiziraniot tekst.
Vo osmata glava dadena e detalna analiza na posledniot red
vo tekstot. Osnovnata pri~ina za ova se zasnova na faktot {to ovde
e dadena naredbata vo koi hramovi, vo koi zemji i na koi pisma da se
napi{e dekretot. Za razlika od anti~ko-gr~kiot tekst vo koj se navedeni samo hramovite od prv, vtor i tret red, vo ovoj del od tekstot se
naveduvaat grupite hramovi na Bogot Zmija na Ustieto, Bogot na
Asuan i na{iot Bog. Treba da se napomne deka Bogot Zmija bil Bog na
Deltata na Nil i na Dolen Egipet, a bogot na Asuan glaven Bog na
Goren Egipet, {to e op{toprifaten fakt vo sovremenata nauka od
ova podra~je. Vo odnos na delovite od zemjata kade {to treba da se postavi kamenot so dekretot, kako i vo odnos na dvete pisma na koi{to
pokraj elinskoto pismo treba da se napi{e dekretot nema nikakvi
informacii vo anti~ko-gr~kiot tekst. Ova e od ednostavna pri~ina
{to delot od kamenot na ova mesto e otkr{en. Vo analiziraniot
tekst uspeavme da gi odgatneme trite zemji vo ~ii hramovi se naveduva deka treba da bide postaven kamenot, i toa: Egipet, Sinaj i zemjata na najgolemiot Bog ô na Tnani (za ovaa teritorija pretpostavuvame deka e podra~jeto na Natanija vo dene{en Izrael). Za pismaPrilozi, Odd. mat. teh. nauki, XXVI, 2 (2005), s. 7122
58
ta na koi{to treba da bide napi{an dekretot sre}avame opisen prikaz, i toa: pismoto na Vrhovnite sve{tenici, na @ivite gospodari i na Danajcite. Pismoto na vrhovnite sve{tenici e hieroglifskoto pismo, pismoto na ìvite gospodari e pismoto na anti~kite
Makedonci, zatoa {to ìvite gospodari bile po poteklo anti~ki
Makedonci, a imeto Danajci najverojatno bila oznaka so koja anti~kite Makedonci se obra}ale kon Grcite vo toj period.
Vo devettata glava opfateni se imiwata na teritoriite i narodite {to gi sre}avame vo analiziraniot tekst. Uspeavme da identifikuvame kako anti~kite Makedonci go narekuvale Egipet, dvata
dela na Egipet Dolen i Goren Egipet, kako i anti~ko-makedonskoto ime za Sinaj. Vo tekstot se naveduvaat i imiwata na etnosite {to
ìveat vo anti~ki Egipet. Interesno e toa {to pokraj Egip}anite
(vo original vo demotskiot tekst nare~eni \upaci), Danajcite (anti~ko-makedonski termin za anti~kite Grci) se spomnuva i poseben
etnos egipetski Danajci. U{te pointeresno e toa {to anti~kite
Makedonci se narekuvaat deca na Dea, koja{to i spored sovremenata
nauka e Boìca Majka kaj Makedoncite.
Vo desettata glava navedeni se imiwata na bogovite na anti~kite Makedonci. Za del od niv uspeavme da ja odgatneme i nivnata funkcija kako bogovi. Vo tekstot gi identifikuvavme i imiwata
na nekoi bogovi na anti~kite Egip}ani, onaka kako {to se narekuvale vo original na anti~ko-egipetski. So ogled na toa {to istite bogovi vo anti~ko-gr~kiot tekst se zapi{ani so nivnite anti~ko-gr~ki imiwa, prvpat sme vo sostojba da navedeme kako eden ist bog se narekuval na anti~ko-egipetski, anti~ko-makedonski i anti~ko-gr~ki.
Ova soznanie e dijametralno sprotivno so tolkuvaweto na sovremenata nauka kade {to na anti~ko-egipetskite bogovi vo tekstot napi{an so hieroglifsko pismo im se davaat istite imiwa kako {to se
navedeni vo anti~ko-gr~kiot tekst. Vo na{ite istraùvawa ja potvrduvame pretpostavkata deka imiwata na bogovite kaj razli~ni
narodi na razli~ni jazici mora da se razlikuvaat, samo nivnite
funkcii ostanuvaat isti.
Na krajot od tekstot e daden zaklu~okot.
Kako Prilog 1 daden e re~nik na poimi {to se pro~itani spored predloènata postapka za ~itawe. Za polesno snao|awe, re~nikot e daden vo vid na tabela so pet koloni, i toa: vo prvata kolona e
daden originalniot zapis, vo vtorata kolona e daden generiran prepis spored na{ata postapka, vo tretata kolona e dadeno ozvu~uvaweContributions, Sec. Math. Tech. Sci., XXVI, 2 (2005), p. 7122
59
to na zapisot spored originalnata postapka za ozvu~uvawe pretstavena vo tekstot, vo ~etvrtata kolona e dadeno tolkuvaweto na zna~eweto na sovremen makedonski jazik, a vo pettata kolona e daden prevodot na soodvetniot poim na angliski jazik, koj pak e napraven vrz
osnova na anti~ko-gr~kiot tekst i e prisuten vo soodvetnata literatura. Ova e napraveno za da moè da se sporedat rezultatite od ~itaweto spored predloènata postapka so op{topoznatite i prifatenite rezultati od ~itaweto na anti~ko-gr~kiot tekst.
1. OSNOVNI KARAKTERISTIKI
NA ANALIZIRANOTO PISMO
Pri pi{uvaweto na sredniot tekst na kamenot od Rozeta koristeno e pismo so slednive osnovni karakteristiki:
Nasokata na pi{uvawe e oddesno nalevo;

Nema interpunkciski znaci vo dene{na smisla na zborot;
Nema golemi bukvi;
Nema razdeluvawe na zborovite i upotreba na prazno mesto,
se pi{uva vo neprekinata niza;
Upotrebenoto pismo e slogovno, od tipot soglaska samoglaska, so nezna~itelna upotreba na opredeleni znaci od slikovnoto pismo.
1.1. Identifikacija na slogovnite znaci

Relativno zna~ajniot obem na raspolo`liviot tekst, od okolu 4 500 znaci, ni dava {ansa da gi identifikuvame formite na znacite koi se vo osnovata na upotrebenoto pismo. Kako naj~esto pojavuvani, obeleàni se asimetri~ni, simetri~ni i kosi znaci.
1.1.1. Asimetri~ni slogovni znaci

Asimetri~nite slogovni znaci imaat osobina vo ramninata
na pi{uvawe da se zapi{at vo 8 (osum) razli~ni polo`bi i na toj na-
60
~in ednozna~no da obeleàt slogovi na edna soglaska so 8 samoglaski.

Vo analiziraniot tekst se identifikuvani 12 (dvanaeset)
asimetri~ni znaci, i toa:
1
10
11
12
kako oznaki za 12 (dvanaeset) soglaski.

Sekoj od ovie 12 znaka vo ramninata na pi{uvawe moè da
bide zapi{an vo po 8 (osum) polo`bi, kako na primer:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Na ovoj na~in, so samo 12 razli~ni asimetri~ni znaci ednozna~no moàt da se napi{at 12 8 = 96 slogovi od vidot soglaska-samoglaska.
Asimetri~nite znaci nabeleàni pod broevite 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 i 9,
vo polo`bata zapi{ana pod broevite 1, 3, 5 i 7 vo XVI vek se koristeni od poznatiot matemati~ar Cardan kako znaci za pi{uvawe broevi, vo negovoto delo "System for writing numbers".
Kako {to vo analiziraniot tekst so oblikot na znakot se
opredeluva soglaskata, a so polo`bata samoglaskata vo slogot, Cardan vo svoeto delo so oblikot na znakot gi opredeluva cifrite, a so
polo`bata gi opredeluva teìnite (edinici, desetki, stotki i iljadi) vo brojot, {to e prikaàno na slika 1.1. Broevite me|u 1 i 9999
se pi{uvaat vo oblik na ligaturi, pri {to e zaedni~ka vertikalnata crta, a se dodavaat strani~nite elementi na soodvetnite cifri,
kako {to e prikaàno vo desniot del na slikata 1.1.
Ako se potsetime deka analiziraniot tekst e od vtoriot vek
pred novata era, zapi{an na teritorijata na Egipet, a Cardan tvorel
vo XVI vek od novata era vo Italija, moème da konstatirame deka
61
po 1800 godini na Mediteranot s u{te se znaelo za znacite od analiziranoto pismo.
Sl. 1.1. Sistem za pi{uvawe broevi

(od knigata na Cardan, ARS MAGNA, ....., System for writing numbers, ......)
1.1.2. Simetri~ni slogovni znaci

Simetri~nite slogovni znaci imaat osobina vo ramninata na
pi{uvawe da se zapi{at vo 4 (~etiri) razli~ni polo`bi i na toj na~in ednozna~no da obeleàt slogovi na edna soglaska so ~etiri samoglaski. Vo analiziraniot tekst se identifikuvani 6 ({est) znaci, i toa:
1
2
3
4
5
6
kako znaci za 6 ({est) soglaski.
Sekoj od ovie 6 znaci vo ramninata na pi{uvawe moè da
bide zapi{an vo 4 (~etiri) polo`bi, kako na sledniov primer:
1
62
Na ovoj na~in, so 6 razli~ni znaci moàt ednozna~no da se zapi{at 6 4 = 24 razli~ni slogovi od vidot soglaska-samoglaska.
1.1.3. Nakoseni slogovni znaci
Nakosenite slogovni znaci, isto kako i simetri~nite slogovni znaci, vo ramninata na pi{uvawe moàt da se zapi{at vo 4 (~etiri) razli~ni polo`bi i na toj na~in ednozna~no da obeleàt slogovi na edna soglaska so ~etiri samoglaski. Vo analiziraniot tekst se
identifikuvani 6 ({est znaci), i toa:
1
2
3
4
5 6
Sekoj od ovie 6 znaci vo ramninata na pi{uvawe moè da
bide zapi{an vo 4 (~etiri) polo`bi, kako na sledniov primer:
1
2
3
4
Na ovoj na~in, so 6 razli~ni znaci moàt ednozna~no da se zapi{at 6 4 = 24 razli~ni slogovi od vidot soglaska-samoglaska.
1.1.4. Specifi~en slogoven znak
Posebno treba da ja obeleìme pojavata vo tekstot na eden
specifi~en znak koj go identifikuvame vo 4 formi, i toa:
Vo poslednata forma, kako dve kosi crti doblièni vo gorniot del, ovoj slogoven znak go sre}avame i den-denes vo pove}e slogovni pisma na aziskiot kontinent.
1.2. Znaci za izolirano pi{uvawe soglaski
Nekoi od soglaskite vo tekstot se sre}avaat zapi{ani izolirano, i toa vo slednava forma:
63
Kosata crta vo sostavot na osnovniot znak vo prvite dva i vo

posledniot slu~aj e upotrebena vo funkcija na viram, odnosno ja
eliminira samoglaskata od soodvetniot slog.
1.3. Znaci za izolirano pi{uvawe samoglaski
Pri pi{uvaweto se javuva potreba za zapi{uvawe na izolirana samoglaska. Za zapi{uvawe na izolirana samoglaska se upotrebuvaat znaci samo vo edna polo`ba. Vo tekstot se identifikuvani
slednive znaci {to reflektiraat da gi pretstavuvaat samoglaskite:
1.4. Piktografski znaci

Kako ostatok od nekoe postaro pismo, vo analiziraniot tekst
se pojavuvaat nekolku znaci koi ne se vklopuvaat vo slogovnata koncepcija. Toa, pred s, se odnesuva na mnogu ~esto pojavuvanite tri
vertikalni i tri kosi crti:
{to pretstavuva pojava koja ve}e e prou~uvana vo soodvetnata literatura od ova podra~je.
Ne tolku ~esto, se pojavuvaat u{te dva drugi znaka, koi isto
taka ne moàt slogovno da se pojasnat, i toa:
Prviot znak pretstavuva stilizirana forma na egipetskiot
bog na mrtvite, a vtoriot stilizirana forma na zmija.
1.5. Pi{uvawe na ligaturi
Voo~livo e deka vo tekstot pokraj pi{uvaweto na slogovnite
znaci eden do drug se pojavuva i nivno pi{uvawe eden nad drug i eden
vrz drug, kako na primer:
64
Ovie formi gi narekuvame ligaturi i smetame deka otslikuvaat specifi~na karakteristika na jazikot koj se izrazuva preku
pismoto.
Naj~esto vo ligaturite u~estvuvaat 2 do 3 znaka. So ligatura
po pravilo se zapi{uva po~etok na zbor, dodeka krajot na zborot ~ij
po~etok e zapi{an vo vid na ligatura se realizira so eden, a poretko so 2 do 3 sloga (znaci).
2. OZVUÛVAWE NA IDENTIFIKUVANITE ZNACI

Mnogu pove}e od glasovnite, slogovnite pisma gi nosat vo sebe karakteristikite na jazikot koj{to treba da go zapi{uvaat.
Ako e osnovna pretpostavka deka analiziraniot tekst e napi{an na jazikot na anti~kite Makedonci, opredeluvaweto na osnovnite glasovni karakteristiki na toj jazik }e go realizirame preku
glasovnite osobenosti na jazicite na domorodnoto naselenie od arealot na Balkanot, kako negova mati~na teritorija. ]e pretpostavime deka glasovnite vrednosti na samoglaskite i soglaskite kako najnepodlo`ni na promeni ostanale so ista zvu~nost do dene{en den.
2.1. Ozvu~uvawe na slogovnite znaci
Ozvu~uvaweto na identifikuvanite slogovni znaci moè da se
realizira so prepoznavawe vo tekstot na zborovi koi go zadràle svoeto zna~ewe do den-denes vo jazici ili dijalekti na jazici od arealot
na Balkanot ili po{iroko, od evropskiot areal. Se razbira, vo ovaa
faza analizata }e se zasnova vrz sporedba pome|u zborovi od tekstot
na kamenot od Rozeta i arhaizmi vo dijalekti na aktuelniot makedonski jazik.
2.1.1. Ozvu~uvawe na asimetri~nite slogovni znaci
So pove}e od stotina zborovi od dene{niot makedonski jazik
ozvu~eni se site 12 asimetri~ni znaci so soodvetni soglaski, i toa:
65
10
11
12
\
R
@ Z
Y
P
T
S
C
[
^
Asimetri~nite znaci za R i J vo dene{noto i vo anti~ko-makedonskoto pismo imaat ist oblik i ista zvu~nost. Preostanatite
asimetri~ni znaci, spored oblikot na pi{uvawe, me|usebno se sli~ni i so nivnata zvu~nost, kako na primer asimetri~nite znaci za @,
Z i Y. Isto taka, sli~nosta vo pi{uvaweto i vo zvu~nosta vaì i za
asimetri~nite znaci S, C, ^ i [.
Sekoja od ovie 12 soglaski vo ramninata na pi{uvawe moè
da bide zapi{ana vo 8 polo`bi i da ozna~i slogovi so 8 samoglaski,
kako na primerot na znakot za soglaskata J.
1
Jo
Ju
4
J
Je
Ja
Ji
Postapkata na preslikuvawe i rotacija na osnovniot znak vo

ramninata na pi{uvawe, za da se priklu~i soodvetnata samoglaska
od slogot, prikaàna e na slikata 2.1.
Sl. 2.1. Rotacija i preslikuvawe na slogoven znak vo ramninata na pi{uvawe
Vo tekstot se identifikuvani site 8 polo`bi na pi{uvawe,

zna~i se ozvu~eni slogovi so site 6 aktivni samoglaski vo dene{nite
slovenski jazici i dolgite formi na samoglaskite O i E koi se za~uva-
66
ni vo sovremeniot literaturen slovene~ki jazik [1, 2], kako i vo nekoi

od dijalektite na makedonskiot jazik (mija~kiot i vev~anskiot) [7].
Site formi na asimetri~nite znaci, so nivnoto ozvu~uvawe,
dadeni se vo tabelata 2.1.
T a b e l a 2.1.
Asimetri~ni znaci i nivnoto ozvu~uvawe
2.1.2. Ozvu~uvawe na simetri~nite slogovni znaci

So okolu 20-tina zborovi od dene{niot makedonski jazik
ozvu~eni se 6 simetri~ni znaci, i toa:
1
67
Za sekoj od ozvu~enite znaci vo tekstot se najdeni ne pove}e

od 4 polo`bi na pi{uvawe. Formiraweto na slogovi so soodvetnite
samoglaski prikaàno e vo tabelata 2.2, poziciite 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, i 7,
soodvetno.
T a b e l a 2.2.
Simetri~ni i kosi znaci i nivnoto ozvu~uvawe
Identifikuvavme deka za formirawe na slog so samoglaskata

i, znacite za soglaskite V i L se pi{uvaat so oznaka za viram i potoa se dodava simbolot za samoglaskata i (I).
2.1.3. Ozvu~uvawe na kosite slogovni znaci
Za razlika od asimetri~nite znaci, kade {to vo osnovniot znak
dominantna e vertikalna crta, vo kosite znaci dominantna e kosa crta.
I za ovie znaci identifikuvani se ne pove}e od 4 polo`bi na pi{uvawe.
68
Formiraweto na slogovi so soodvetnite samoglaski prikaàno e vo tabelata 2.2, pozicii 3, 9, 10, 11, 12 i 13, soodvetno.
F
L
Q
N
K
]
Vo tekstot, znakot za soglaskata Q naj~esto se pojavuva vo
slog so samoglaskata u, {to e karakteristika i na sovremeniot makedonski jazik.
Prviot znak odlevo nadesno vo analiziraniot tekst e rotirana forma na znakot B za 45 stepeni vo nasokata na strelkite na ~asovnikot. Za ovoj znak dosega ne e najden definicionen zbor vo dene{niot makedonski jazik, a na{a pretpostavka e deka najverojatno
ja pretstavuva soglaskata F.
2.1.4. Ozvu~uvawe na specifi~ni slogovnite znaci
Specifi~niot slogov znak {to spored oblikot potsetuva na
bukvata D vo kirilicata, dobi potvrda so ozvu~uvawe na site negovi
formi, i toa:
Do
De
Da
Di
Nezavisno od na{ite istraùvawa, slogovniot znak Di i vo
monografijata [5],
od avtorot G. S. Grinevi~, Moskva 1993 godina, ima ist oblik i ozvu~uvawe.
2.2. Ozvu~uvawe na znaci za izolirani soglaski
Zabeleàna e ~esta upotreba na nekoi izolirani soglaski
koi gi ozvu~uvame na sledniov na~in:
L(R)
Izgovorot na izoliranata soglaska

preminuva vo meko R,
glas koj i den-denes go imame vo izgovorot na zborovi vo makedonskiot jazik. Ovde treba da napomneme deka sovremenata nauka konstatira deka za vreme na vladeeweto na Ptolomeite prvpat e napraContributions, Sec. Math. Tech. Sci., XXVI, 2 (2005), p. 7122
69
vena razlika me|u zvucite L i R, {to soodvetno e preneseno i vo pismoto, odnosno vo analiziraniot tekst.
Izgovorot na izoliranata soglaska v naj~esto se pojavuva pri
formiraweto na slog so samoglaskata i, ili pak za formirawe na
predlogot vo (vo original vv
).
Kosata crta bez dodavki
ja ozna~uva izoliranata soglaska
n, koja i vo dene{niot makedonski jazik e vo za~estena upotreba.
2.3. Ozvu~uvawe na znacite za izolirani samoglaski
Vo analiziranoto pismo naj~esto upotrebuvan znak e vertikalnata crta (I), koja ja ozvu~uvame so samoglaskata i. Pokraj upotrebata na samoglaskata i kako svrznik, taa se upotrebuva i na krajot od zborot pri formirawe na mnoìna kaj imenkite i pridavkite.
Horizontalnata crta () ja ozvu~uvame so samoglaskata a. I
taa ~esto se upotrebuva kako svrznik.
Ozvu~uvaweto na identifikuvanite znaci za samoglaski e
slednovo:
O
2.4. Ozvu~uvawe na piktografskite znaci

Golemata za~estenost na pojavuvawe i mestoto na pojavuvawe
na trite vertikalni crti
kako edinstven znak, go sugeriraat negovoto zna~ewe: BOGA. Vo pogorespomnatata monografija na G. S.
Grinevi~, isto taka ovoj znak e ozvu~en so BOGA. Nie ja potvrdivme
ovaa konstatacija so de{ifrirawe na pridavkata Boèn, zapi{ana
so prethodno ozvu~enite slogovni znaci vo oblik
i nejzinata superlativna forma najboèn
.
Trite kosi crti se pojavuvaat vo specifi~na konstrukcija za
definirawe na poimot SVETOST, vo original zapi{ano kako:
{to go ozvu~uvame kako (se ~ita oddesno nalevo):
70
oT(R)LadopsoG eV ZaN IoM e\I oT(R)LadopsoG eV ZaN IoM

a prevedeno na sovremen makedonski zna~i:
Gospodarite na gospodarite ili Gospodin Gospodin
{to asocira na dene{noto titulirawe na poglavarot na Makedonskata Pravoslavna Crkva so Gospodin Gospodin, {to e edinstven na~in na oslovuvawe me|u poglavarite na pravoslavnite crkvi.
Vo druga forma, se javuva za sinonim na faraonite odnosno za
Na{ite ìvi gospodari, zapi{ano originalno vo oblik
{to go ozvu~uvame kako (se ~ita od desno na levo):

aT(R)LadopsoG eV @aN IoM
a prevedeno na sovremen makedonski zna~i:
Moite ìvi gospodari
Ako za znakot konstatirame izgovor na meko R, kako i vo
dene{niot makedonski jazik, toga{ definitivno od analizata na
prethodnite primeri, na trite kosi crti moème da im dademe ozvu~uvawe GOSPODA.
2.5. Ozvu~uvawe na ligaturi
Znacite {to se upotrebuvaat pri pi{uvawe na ligaturite ja
zadrùvaat svojata glasovna vrednost, samo me|usebno se povrzuvaat
so predlogot na ako se napi{ani eden na drug ili eden vrz drug, kako
na primer:
AeDaN
I YaN jaN
A [aN
ZoLaN
AIoRaN
Obi~no so ligatura se zapi{uva po~etokot na zborot, a so dopi{uvawe na 1 do 2 slogovni znaka se zavr{uva zborot. Vo nekoi slu-
71
~ai so ligatura moàt da se opfatat dva posledovatelni zbora, {to

dopolnitelno go ote`nuva procesot na razdvojuvawe na zborovite vo
kontinuirano zapi{aniot tekst. Naj~esto vo ligaturata u~estvuvaat
2 do 3 znaka.
3. NEKOI PRAVILA NA PI[UVAWE
So identifikacijata i ozvu~uvaweto na slogovnite znaci, so
dosega opi{anite soznanija za pi{uvawe na izolirani soglaski i samoglaski, kako i so odgatnuvaweto na ligaturite, se sozdadoa neophodnite uslovi za ponatamo{no proniknuvawe vo pravilata na pi{uvawe i ~itawe na analiziraniot tekst.
3.1. Pi{uvawe na superlativi na pridavkite
Pi{uvaweto na slogovnite znaci eden na drug ili eden vrz
drug, ovozmoùva formirawe na superlativna forma na pridavkite
na efikasen na~in vo onie jazici koi ja pravat so prefiksot naj. Vo
toj slu~aj osnovnata forma na pridavkata se pi{uva nad znakot za
slogot J .
Vo analiziraniot tekst identifikuvani se pove}e slu~ai na
formirawe na superlativna forma na ovoj na~in, kako na primer:
Osnovna
forma
Superlativna
forma
Anti~ko-makedonski original
îtawe
Sovremen makedonski jazik
Svetol
Y JaN
Najsvetol
îtawe
uNeV @
@iven
uNeV @ JaN
Najìven (ve~en)
îtawe
N @oB
N @oB JaN
72
Boèn
Najboèn
îtawe
eMI [aN eMI [aN JaN
Na{e ime
Najna{e ime
Vo re~nikot na identifikuvani zborovi dadeni se 8 razli~ni

zborovi vo osnovna i superlativna forma, zapi{ani na ovoj na~in, a
koi do den-denes go imaat istoto zna~ewe.
3.2. Pi{uvawe na mnoìna kaj imenkite
Vo pove}e slovenski jazici, a posebno vo makedonskiot jazik,
mnoìnata kaj imenkite i kaj pridavkite naj~esto se pravi so dodavawe na i na krajot na imenkata vo ednina. Vo analiziraniot tekst,
isto taka, identifikuvavme formirawe na mnoìna na ovoj na~in,
kako na primer:
Gospodar
Gospodari
Sve{tenik
Sve{tenici
Vo re~nikot na identifikuvani zborovi dadeni se 5 zborovi

vo ednina i mnoìna formirani na ovoj na~in koi do den-denes go
zadràle svoeto zna~ewe.
Mnogu e zna~ajno da se napomne deka vo [3] se naveduva deka pri
formirawe na mnoìna kaj imenkite na krajot na zborot se dodava vertikalna crta. Avtorot, za razlika od na{ite istraùvawa i soznanija,
znakot za vertikalna crta go tretira samo kako oznaka za mnoìna.
Ova e sosema razbirlivo ako se znae deka spored [3] demotskoto pismo
ne e mo`no da se ~ita znak po znak (soglasno na{ite soznanija toa odgovara na ~itawe/pi{uvawe slog po slog), tuku se ~ita zbor po zbor.
3.3. Neopredelena i opredelena forma kaj imenkite
Pri ~itaweto na analiziraniot tekst identifikuvavme imenki vo neopredelena i vo opredelena forma, i toa:
Gospodar
73
Gospodarto
vo ednina, kako i
Gospodari
Gospodarta
vo mnoìna.
Za ednina ~lenot za opredelenost e to, a za mnoìna ta.
Vo nekolku drugi slu~ai opredelenata forma na imenkite se
pravi so nastavkata mo (nekoj oblik na pade`na forma), kako na primer:
Boga
Bogamo
Deca
Decamo
Od dosega{nite analizi, moème da konstatirame deka osven
vo ovie slu~ai, mnogu retko sme gi identifikuvale drugite pade`ni
formi.
4. SPOMNUVAWE NA IMETO NA CAROT (FARAONOT)
Spomnuvaweto na imeto na carot vo analiziraniot tekst e
naj~esto sre}avanata kompozicija na zborovi. Spored soznanijata od
na{ite istraùvawa i soglasno so predloènoto ozvu~uvawe na znacite, obra}aweto kon vladetelot e mnogu blisko do dene{niot na~in na obra}awe kon sovremenite vladeteli.
4.1. Titulata na carot (faraonot)
Od dosega kaànoto, moème da gi identifikuvame prvite 2
zbora pri spomnuvaweto na imeto na carot kako 2 superlativi, i toa
oddesno nalevo:
uNeV @ JaN
aCNeMI YaN JaN
Vo prevod na dene{niot makedonski jazik:

Najnao~it imenec, Najìveni (Ve~en).
74
Na ovie tituli korespondiraat gr~kite zborovi

(se ~ita odlevo nadesno).
4.2. Imeto na carot (faraonot)
Po titulata konstatiravme deka sledi imeto na carot, koe ne
e formalno vo dene{nata smisla na imiwata, tuku e opisno:
oMagoB
I JeViD
JoT
Vo prevod:
Toj komu bogovite mu se divat (voshituvaat).
Vakvoto makedonsko ime prevedeno e na anti~ko-gr~ki so
zborovite:
.
Zborot
na anti~ko-gr~ki zna~i bogovi, a zborot
zna~i onoj komu mu se voshituvaat. Od ova pove}e od jasno
proizleguva to~nosta na predloèniot na~in na ~itawe i na ozvu~uvawe.
Formiraweto na li~ni imiwa na ovoj na~in so koristeweto
na imenkata BOGA se zadràlo vo makedonskiot jazik do den-denes.
êsti se imiwata kako na primer: Bogomil, Bogoqub, Bogdan, Bogovid, Boìdar, Boàna i drugi.
4.3. Prezimeto na carot (faraonot)
Prezimeto na carot, odnosno imeto na dinastijata go prepoznavame vo izrazite:
JeVi[aN
LoToP
eM SiaN
CIaN
Prevedeno na dene{en makedonski jazik, za imeto na dinastijata ja dobivame opisnata forma:
75
naiceneto naisemejstvo od grad na karpa izgradeniot

Za prevod vo gr~kiot tekst upotreben e izrazot:
koj{to dene{nata nauka go ~ita kontinuirano kako eden zbor

.
Prviot zbor
e izraz za grad, E e predlog, a
e
boìca na zemjata. Ova prakti~no zna~i deka na anti~ko-gr~ki izrazot
ozna~uva grad na boìcata na zemjata, {to kompletno se poklopuva so na{eto ~itawe na soodvetniot termin vo
sredniot tekst na kamenot.
4.4. Prekarot (narodnoto ime) na carot (faraonot)

Koga se spomnuva carot so site tituli i so polnoto ime i
prezime, ili koga se spomnuva samo so prezimeto, sekoga{ se zavr{uva so izrazot:
eVaCaP u\
aN
ZNaN
NeV ZaN
oM
{to prevedeno na dene{en makedonski jazik zna~i:

Nare~en naniza na \upcite.
Bidej}i prekarot na carot bil vo upotreba samo kaj Makedoncite, toj ne se sre}ava preveden vo gr~kiot tekst.
5. SPOMNUVAWE NA IMIWATA
NA PREDCITE NA CAROT (FARAONOT)
Vo analiziraniot tekst, na pove}e mesta se naveduvaat imiwata na roditelite na faraonot. Isto taka, na dve mesta se naveduvaat
imiwata na site ma{ki predci na faraonot (tatkoto, dedoto, pradePrilozi, Odd. mat. teh. nauki, XXVI, 2 (2005), s. 7122
76
doto i prapradedoto). Pokraj imiwata na ma{kite predci, na razli~ni mesta vo tekstot se navedeni i imiwata na nivnite soprugi.
5.1. Imiwata na roditelite na carot (faraonot)
Imiwata na roditelite se sre}avaat zaedno na nekolku mesta
vo tekstot, a na pove}e mesta stoi samo imeto na tatkoto.
Imeto na majkata e:
Vo original
Ozvu~eno (se ~ita oddesno nalevo)

JoM J VaNagoB eViD aN @oBjaN
Na anti~ko-gr~ki
(angliski prevod)
Na dene{en makedonski
Arsinoe
Imeto na tatkoto e:
Vo original
Ozvu~eno (se ~ita oddesno nalevo)

oTI YaN JaN e@i[N
na anti~ko-gr~ki
(angliski prevod)
Na dene{en makedonski
Philopator
I na{iot najo~it
Pokraj toa, na edno mesto kade {to se spomnuvaat majkata i

tatkoto na faraonot, majkata pokraj so nejzinoto ime e naslovena i
so titulata faraonica, {to vo original e zapi{ano kako:
eVaCNeMI YaN JaN Faraonicava
5.2. Imiwata na predcite na carot (faraonot)

So ogled na toa {to dekretot na kamenot e izdaden za vreme
na faraonot Ptolomej V, se sre}avaat imiwata na site 4 negovi
77
predci (tatkoto, dedoto, pradedoto i prapradedoto). Tie se navedeni

vo vtoriot i vo tretiot red, kako i vo 22-riot red na tekstot na anti~ko-makedonski. Redosledot na naveduvawe na predcite, na krajot
na vtoriot i vo po~etokot na tretiot red, po~nuva od najstariot
(osnova~ot na dinastijata, generalot na Aleksandar Makedonski) i
zavr{uva so tatkoto na faraonot. Pred imeto na osnova~ot na dinastijata stoi i imeto na Aleksandar. Vo 22-riot red se zapo~nuva
so naveduvawe na imeto na tatkoto na faraonot i se zavr{uva so prviot od dinastijata (prapradedoto na carot).
Imiwata se slednive:
Vo original Ozvu~eno
Na makedonski
Na angliski
(gr~ki)
NIeK VoKaN J
Junakot ve~en
Soteres1
eVeY
Svetol (Sveto)
Adelphoi
eMI P uQ @
Dobrodetel
Euergetai2
oTI YaN JaN e@i[N I na{iot najo~it Philopator

1)
2)
Zna~eweto na imeto Soteres (Sotir) i den-denes e spasitel, junak.

Zna~eweto na imeto Euergetai e ktitor, sponzor, dobrodetel.
Vo vtoriot i vo tretiot red, kade {to predcite se naveduvaat

od najstariot do tatkoto na faraonot, pome|u nivnite imiwa stoi
imenkata DECA vo smisla na naslednici, i sledstveno vo original
go imame sledniov tekst:
Ova go potencirame poradi faktot {to po~etokot na tretiot red nedostasuva, bidej}i na toa mesto kamenot e otkr{en. So ova
sakame da pokaème i da potencirame {to treba da stoi vo originalot na toa mesto. Ova e ozna~eno so pravoagolnik ozna~en so isprekinata linija i ispolnet so boja, vo delot na restavrirawe na
originalniot tekst so imiwata na predcite. Mnogu e zna~ajno da se
napomne deka ovoj na~in na naveduvawe na predcite na edna li~nost
na sosema identi~en na~in e primenet i vo Biblijata.
78
5.3. Imiwata na soprugite na predcite na carot (faraonot)

Vo tekstot na nekolku mesta se naveduvaat imiwata na soprugite na predcite na faraonot, i toa:
Vo original
Ozvu~eno
eViD aN @oBjaN
JoM J VaNagoB
agoB J VaN
JoM V S
Na makedonski
Najboèna se
voshituva na
najgolem moj bog
Najgolem bog
pobedo moja
Na angliski
(gr~ki)
Arsinoe
Berenice
Po pravilo, pri spomnuvawe na imeto na soprugata zadolìtelno sledi imeto na soprugot na koe prethodi zborot imo, kako {to
sleduva:
oTI YaN JaN e@i[N oMI JoM J VaNagoB eViD aN @oBjaN

{to zna~i:
Najboèna se voshituva na najgolem moj bog imo (sopruga na)
i na{iot najo~it
odnosno Arsinoe Philopator.
Kako i:
eMI P uQ @
oMI JoM
V S agoB J VaN
{to zna~i:
Najgolem bog pobedo moja imo (sopruga na) Dobrodetel
odnosno Berenice Euergetai.
Ovoj osoben na~in na naslovuvawe na soprugite so nazna~uvawe na nivnoto ime prosledeno so imeto na nivniot soprug se sre}ava
i den-denes vo malku vidoizmenet oblik vo zapadniot del od Makedonija, kade {to soprugata se naslovuva so imeto na svojot soprug na
koe se dodava zborot ica.
79
6. KATEGORII MLADI PRISLU@NI^KI

Vo analiziraniot tekst uspeavme da gi odgatneme kategoriite na mladi prislu`ni~ki koi se prisutni i se naveduvaat i vo anti~ko-gr~kiot tekst, i toa: Athlophoroi i Kanephoroi. Vo anti~ko-makedonskiot tekst na kamenot za titulata Athlophoroi sre}avame:
aCeViD
oT S
oMagoB
ZjaN
aCeViD
oT S oMagoB ZjaN
{to zna~i:
Nejze bogovite site se divat Nejze bogovite site se divat
odnosno: Athlophoroi
Ovde treba da naglasime deka se sre}ava ista forma na obra}awe kako {to }e bide obrazloèno za slu~ajot so obra}awe za poimot SVETI, kako Gospodin Gospodin vo slednoto poglavje.
Za titulata Kanephoroi sre}avame:
aCeNaNA
agoB
aN
aCeViD
{to zna~i:
Se divi (voshituva) na bogot Ananeca (bog na obnovata)
odnosno: Kanephoroi
Spored na{ite istraùvawa bogot Ananeca e vrhoven egipetski bog, a ova e egipetskoto ime za bogot koj kaj anti~kite Grci e
poznat kako bogot Osiris.
7. KATEGORII SVE[TENICI
Vo tekstot pokraj zborot za sve{tenik ({emo), sre}avame i
tituli na sve{tenici, i toa:
Y agoB oMaCeD Decata na bogot na svetlinata High priests
80
IoMe[ oMaCeD Decata na sve{tenicite
Prophets
Da napomneme deka vo jugozapadniot del na Makedonija, odnosno vo po{irokiot region na dene{nata naselba Ptolemaida koja
se nao|a vo Severna Grcija, me|u makedonskoto naselenie se sre}ava
prezimeto [emovi, koe spored na{ite soznanija, bi trebalo da soodvetstvuva na sovremenoto prezime Popovi.
8. DE[IFRIRAWE NA POSLEDNIOT RED OD TEKSTOT

Spored anti~ko-gr~kiot tekst, vo posledniot red faraonot
nareduva (i toa po ovoj red) dekretot da se napi{e na 3 pisma i da se
postavi vo svetili{ta od prv, vtor i tret rang vo blizina na statuata
na faraonot, iako tokmu ovde kamenot e otkr{en (nedostasuva par~e).
Vo analiziraniot tekst, naredbata na faraonot ja identifikuvame vo poinakov redosled, i toa prvo vo koi tri klasi svetili{ta na bogovi, vo koi tri oblasti na zemjata da se postavi kamena
stela i, na krajot, na koi pisma na jazikot na tri sloevi na naselenieto da bide napi{an.
Svojata èlba faraonot ja podelil na dve naredbi koi gi zapo~nuva so zborot javi, vo originalna forma zapi{an so
iV J.
8.1. Analiza na prvata naredba

Prvata naredba zapo~nuva so izrazot da se izraboti od kamen,
vo original zapi{an kako:
NeVIeV [aN Napraveni od kamen

Naredbata prodolùva so:
81
kameni gradbi na tri klasi na bogovi navedeni po ime, vo original

zapi{ani so:
NI [aN agoB
IeV [aN
NuSAaN
agoB
ZU
aN
ajimZ
agoB
{to zna~i:
kameni gradbi (hramovi) na:
Boga Zmija od ustieto, Boga od Asuan i Boga Na{ion.
Naredbata prodolùva so naveduvawe na imiwata na trite
oblasti od zemjata, od koi prvata e Egipet, vtorata e Sinaj, a tretata e zemjata na najgolemiot bog ô na Tnani, vo original zapi{ana
so izrazot:
INaN TaN JeVaNagoB
eVI S JaNiSaN
oTP u\AaN
Vo odnos na gr~kiot tekst, ovde se sre}avame so zna~itelno

poprecizni informacii koi posredno potvrduvaat za primarnosta
na ovoj tekst vo odnos na drugite dva.
8.2. Analiza na vtorata naredba
Vtorata naredba zapo~nuva so izrazot:
Da bide na kamen navezeno (napi{ano).
Zapi{ano vo original so izrazot:
eNeZ VaNi[aN
eD B
Vo ovoj slu~aj, za zborot napi{ano upotreben e izrazot navezeno, koj den-denes prenosno se upotrebuva za pi{uvawe vo nekoi dijalekti na makedonskiot jazik.
Vo analiziraniot tekst, za pismata i za jazicite na koi treba
da se napi{e dekretot upotrebena e edinstvena identifikacija so
82
naveduvawe na identitetot, ili op{testveniot sloj, vo multietni~koto op{testvo na toga{en Egipet:

Vrhovnoto sve{tenstvo, pretstaveno preku originalniot izraz
oTLadopsoG V ZaN IoM e\I oTLadopsoG V ZaN IoM

@ivite gospodari, pretstaveni preku originalniot izraz
aTLadopsoG V @aN IoM
Danajcite, pretstaveni preku originalniot izraz
eV JaNaD aN
Vtorata naredba zavr{uva so izrazot zapi{an vo original kako:
oTaC i[
VV
aC JeRaN
{to zna~i:
Pisma vo kamen tvrd.
Od sodrìnata na vtorata naredba moème da zaklu~ime deka
za gorniot tekst (hieroglifi sveto pismo) upotreben e izrazot
pismo na Vrhovnite sve{tenici, za srednoto pismo (demotika) upotreben e izraz pismo na @ivite gospodari, a toa bea anti~kite Makedonci, a za najdolniot tekst (anti~ko-gr~koto) upotreben e izrazot
na Danajcite.
Na primerot na analizata na sodrìnata na posledniot red
od dekretot, koj so golema verojatnost ja ima istata sodrìna vo
trite tekstovi, poradi razli~nosta na strukturata na jazicite, ne
moè da se prifati deka tie tekstovi se sosema identi~ni, osobeno
poradi razli~nosta na izgovorot na imiwata na narodite, bogovite
i carevite.
Ako se potsetime deka sopstvenite imiwa vo toa vreme imale
opisen karakter, so prevodot na tekstot od eden na drug jazik i sop-
83
stvenite imiwa se preveduvale soglasno svoeto zna~ewe i dobivale

sosema druga zvu~nost.
9. IMIWATA NA TERITORIITE I NA NARODITE
Vo analiziraniot tekst gi sre}avame i imiwata na teritoriite i na narodite na soodvetnite teritorii.
9.1. Imiwata na teritoriite
Bidej}i tekstot na kamenot se odnesuva pred s na teritorijata na Egipet, naj~esto se sre}avaat imeto na Egipet, koga treba da se
ozna~i celosnata teritorija na Egipet, no i imiwata na Goren i Dolen Egipet soodvetno.
Vo original imeto na Egipet e slednovo:
oTP u\A
Ova ime proizleguva od analizata na naredbata na faraonot
zapi{ana vo posledniot red na demotskiot tekst, vo delot {to gi
ozna~uva teritoriite na koi vo soodvetnite svetili{ta na opredeleni bogovi treba da se postavi kamenot. Analizata na tekstot vo
posledniot red podetalno e prikaàna vo prethodnata glava.
Imeto na Egipet na anti~ko-gr~ki e
.
Imeto na Goren Egipet vo original e:
aP \
Imeto na Dolen Egipet vo original e:
Z \
Poznato e deka vo Dolen Egipet e i ustieto na rekata Nil.

Vo original poimot ustie e sledniov:
ZU
Soznanieto za toa deka poimot UZ na anti~ko-makedonski,

denes se izgovara kako USTIE, sledi direktno od analizata na posledniot red od tekstot. Vo naredbata kade {to se naveduvaat bogovite vo
~ii hramovi treba da se smesti kamenot so dekretot na Ptolomej V
84
Epifan Evharistoi, odnosno na anti~ko-makedonski Naj@ VeNe

Toj BogaMo DiVeJ I PoToL Na[iVeJ (Besmrtniot TojKomuBogovite mu se Divat od gradot na karpa izgraden, kako {to nie
denes bi rekle) stoi deka eden od niv e Bogot Zmija Na UZ . Op{to
e poznato i prifateno deka Bogot Zmija bil vrhoven bog na deltata
na Nil, odnosno na negovoto ustie. Ottuka pak, pove}e od ednostavno
sledi zaklu~okot oti poimot
, {to se ~ita oddesno nalevo
kako \ Z , go ozna~uva Dolen Egipet.
Predlogot pa vo anti~ko-makedonskiot jazik se upotrebuva
vo svrzni~ki konstrukcii pri nabrojuvawe pred ~len od nizata {to
se nabrojuva. Primer za ova e naveduvaweto na pismata na koi{to
treba da se napi{e dekretot vo posledniot red, kade {to pred pismoto na @ivite gospodari stoi svrznata konstrukcija i na paj . Na
ovoj na~in sogledano, poimot
{to se ~ita oddesno nalevo kako
\ Pa, ozna~uva Goren Egipet.
Za ispravnosta na tvrdeweto deka poimite \ Z i \ Pa na
anti~ko-makedonski odgovaraat na poimite Dolen i Goren Egipet
soodvetno, svedo~i i sprovedenata detalna analiza vo na{eto istraùvawe na mestata na tekstot vo koi vo anti~ko-gr~kiot tekst se
spomnuvaat ovie dva dela na anti~ki Egipet i sporedbata so mestata
kade {to vo anti~ko-makedonskiot tekst se sre}avaat dvata prethodno spomnati poimi. Tuka naidovme na kompletno sovpa|awe na anti~ko-gr~kiot so anti~ko-makedonskiot tekst. Taka, na primer, vo
12-tiot red vo demotskiot tekst za poimite Goren i Dolen Egipet vo
original e zapi{ano slednovo:
aP \aN I Z \aN
{to celosno soodvetstvuva na spomnuvaweto na Goren i Dolen Egipet vo anti~ko-gr~kiot tekst.
9.2. Imiwata na narodite
Vo analiziraniot tekst, pri naveduvaweto na imiwata na
predcite na faraonot, vo 22-riot red od sredniot tekst na kamenot,
se spomnuvaat i narodite so koi tie vladeele. Po imeto na Filopator (N [e @e NajY Ito I Na{iot NajSvetol), za narodite nad
koi vladeel vo original e zapi{ano:
85
eNaP \aN
V JaNaD aN
{to na dene{en makedonski zna~i:
Na Danajcite i na \upcite.
Po imiwata na Eurgetai (@eQu Pa IMe Dobrodetel) i
Adelfoi (YeVo Svetol), za narodite nad koi vladeele vo original e zapi{ano:
eNaP \aN
V JaNaD oMaP \aN
{to na dene{en makedonski zna~i:
V JaNaD aN
Na Danajcite (Grcite), Na Danajcite od Goren Egipet (egipetski

Grci) i Na \upcite.
Interesno e spomnuvaweto na tretiot etnos, pokraj Danajcite i \upcite, odnosno egipetskite Danajci. Ova zna~i deka pokraj
danajskiot etnos na Balkanot vo vremeto na prvite vladeteli od dinastijata Ptolomei, postoel i zaseben danajski entitet na teritorijata na Egipet. Kon krajot na 11-tiot red vo demotskiot tekst, ovoj
etnos e spomenat vo original kako:
aP \ aN
V JaNaD
odnosno
Danajcite od Goren Egipet,
so {to e opredelena i nivnata teritorija.
10. IMIWATA NA BOGOVITE I NIVNITE FUNKCII
Vo analiziraniot sreden tekst na kamenot od Rozeta nao|ame
imiwa i funkcii na pove}e bogovi. Kako rezultat na nivnoto osloPrilozi, Odd. mat. teh. nauki, XXVI, 2 (2005), s. 7122
86
vuvawe, koe spored nas pretstavuvalo karakteristika na jazikot i na

zapi{uvaweto kaj anti~kite Makedonci, moèvme da identifikuvame imiwa na nekolku egipetski bogovi, i toa vo original onaka kako
{to bile narekuvani na anti~ko-egipetski. Isto taka, vo analiziraniot tekst gi sre}avame i imiwata, najverojatno, na site bogovi na
anti~kite Makedonci.
10.1. Imiwata na bogovite i nivnite funkcii
kaj anti~kite Makedonci
Soglasno istraùvawata, vo sredniot tekst moèvme da gi
pro~itame imiwata, najverojatno, na site bogovi na anti~kite Makedonci. Za del od bogovite vo sostojba sme da gi opredelime i nivnite funkcii. Najkarakteristi~no e toa {to re~isi site imiwa na
bogovite se ednoslo`ni. Nivnite imiwa i funkciite se slednive:
eY agoB
H agoB
aS agoB
X agoB
eV agoB
iL agoB
oV agoB
a^L agoB
iV agoB
aK agoB
eD agoB
ajimZ agoB
Bogot Ye e vrhoven bog, bog na letata i na svetlinata (sonceto)

).
(
Bogot Sa e bog na gradinite i lozjata (sadewe).
Bogot Ve e bog na graditelite (zanaetite).
Bogot Vo e bog na vodite.
Bogot Vi.
Bogot De.
Bogot H e bog na vojnata (hopliti = kopjanici).
Bogot X .
Bogot Li e bog na {umite (listokapni), na obnovata (
Bogot Lâ e boìca na svetlosniot zrak (
).
).
Bogot Ka se sre}ava i kaj Sumerite i ima zmiesta forma.
87
Bogot Zmija.
Konstatiravme deka bogot Ye (po funkcija bogot na letata) e
vrhoven bog poradi toa {to vo tekstot se naslovuva sli~no kako faraonot, odnosno so dva epiteti vo superlativ, od koi samo vtoriot e
razli~en i namesto Najèveni ({to se upotrebuva pri naslovuvawe
na faraonot), glasi Najsvetol, i toa vo original kako:
IoTL agoB eV ZaN IoM
I Y JaN
aCNeMI YaN JaN
Ova na dene{en makedonski jazik (vo prevod) zna~i:

Najnao~it imenec, najsvetli po na{e bogot na letata.
10.2. Imiwata na bogovite i nivnite funkcii
kaj anti~kite Egip}ani
Osobeno e interesen na~inot na koj vo tekstot se naslovuvaat
egipetskite bogovi. Imeno, po naveduvaweto na imeto na bogot kako
{to toj se narekuval na anti~ko-egipetski, sleduva dodatokot kako
{to se narekuva na anti~ko-makedonski. Vo original toa e zapi{ano na sledniov na~in:
iL
agoB eV ZaN
IoM A agoB
aCeNaNA eVaCaP u\
vo prevod na dene{en makedonski jazik:

Bogot Ananeca na Egip}anite (bogot na obnovuvaweto), po na{e bogot Li
kako i so izrazot
a^L
agoB
aTeNaNA
88
Ananeta boga Lâ (boìca na svetlosniot zrak)

Ananeta spored legendite bila sestra na bogot Ananeca.
Vo originalniot tekst sre}avame i vakvo obra}awe koe se odnesuva na bogot Ananeta i na bogot Ananeca:
iL
agoB eV ZaN IoM A agoB aCeNaNA a^L
agoB aTeNaNA

Ananeta boga Lâ (boìca na svetlosniot zrak) Bogot Ananeca
(bogot na obnovuvaweto), po na{e bogot Li.
Vo anti~ko-gr~kiot tekst ovie bogovi se zapi{ani kako Oziris, {to odgovara na Ananeca, i Izis soodvetno za Ananeta.
Na{ite istraùvawa se razlikuvaat vo ovoj del dijametralno od stavovite na sovremenata nauka. Imeno, spored denes op{toprifateniot stav kaj istraùva~ite na hieroglifskoto pismo, imiwata na bogovite na anti~ko-egipetski se zapi{ani kako {to se sre}avaat vo anti~ko-gr~kiot tekst, odnosno kako Oziris i Izis, soodvetno. Nasproti ova, nie smetame deka imiwata na ovie bogovi na
anti~ko-egipetski definitivno mora da se razlikuvaat od nivnite
anti~ko-gr~ki imiwa. Ova se dokaùva so ~itaweto na sredniot
tekst na kamenot, kade {to gi sre}avame imiwata na bogovite kako
{to e prethodno navedeno.
Se sretnuvaat i posloèni imiwa koi vo sebe go sodràt poimot boga, kako na primer:
agoB aN agoB
Spored [4] ovoj izraz e staroslovenskoto ime za Dionis.
89
ZAKLUÔK
Osnovna pretpostavka vo na{ite analizi na sredniot tekst
na kamenot od Rozeta e deka koristenoto pismo e slogovno, so slogovi isklu~itelno od tipot soglaska-samoglaska, pri {to glavni karakteristiki se: brojot i zvu~nosta na soglaskite i samoglaskite.
Ovaa pretpostavka pretstavuva nova nasoka vo izu~uvaweto na demotskoto pismo i na slogovnite pisma od toj period, za ozvu~uvawe
na slogovnite znaci samo so soglaski, pritoa ignoriraj}i gi samoglaskite.
Dosega{nite istraùvawa rezultiraa so identifikacija i
ozvu~uvawe na slogovni znaci za 25 soglaski i 8 samoglaski.
Re~isi polovinata od soglaskite (12), se ozna~uvaat so asimetri~ni znaci koi vo ramninata na pi{uvawe moàt da zazemat 8
polo`bi i na toj na~in ednozna~no da zapi{at slogovi na edna soglaska so 8 samoglaski. Ostanatite soglaski se ozna~uvaat so simetri~ni ili kosi znaci koi vo ramninata na pi{uvawe moàt da zazemat 4 polo`bi i na toj na~in ednozna~no da zapi{at slogovi na edna
soglaska so 4 samoglaski. Nekoi od ovie soglaski, pettiot slog so samoglaskata i go pravat so znak za izolirana soglaska (viram) i dopi{uvawe do nea na vertikalna crta, {to e znakot za i.
Od potrebnite 8, identifikuvani se 7 znaci za pi{uvawe na
izolirani samoglaski, od koi znacite za i i za a
se naj~esto
upotrebuvani. Za pi{uvawe na izolirani soglaski se koristi viram,
dodeka za ~esto upotrebuvanata izolirana soglaska n se koristi
kosa crta
.
Kako kontinuitet od nekoe postaro pismo, prezemeni se i nekolku karakteristi~ni formi, kako {to se 3 vertikalni (
Boga)
i 3 kosi crti (
Gospoda), koi vo tekstot imaat ~esta upotreba za
ozna~uvawe na celi poimi.
Vaka definiranite znaci pri pi{uvaweto na tekstot se redat eden do drug, oddesno nalevo, bez rastojanie me|u zborovite vo
neprekinata niza, bez oznaka za po~etok i za kraj na re~enica. Pokraj pi{uvaweto na znacite eden do drug, se praktikuva i pi{uvawe
na znacite eden nad drug ili eden vrz drug, pri {to glasovnata vrednost na osnovnite znaci ne se menuva, tuku me|usebno se povrzuvaat
so predlogot na (ligaturi). êstata upotreba na predlogot na i dendenes e karakteristika na makedonskiot jazik.
90
Ozvu~uvaweto na osnovnite znaci na analiziranoto pismo i

definiraweto na nabeleànite pravila za pi{uvawe na ligaturi e
sprovedeno so iterativna postapka na izdvojuvawe i prepoznavawe
na okolu 160 zborovi, od koi pove}eto go zadràle svoeto zna~ewe
vo nekoi dijalekti na dene{niot makedonski jazik.
Iako ne reflektirame deka sme gi osoznale site tajni na analiziranoto pismo, i u{te pove}e deka sme go sovladale upotrebeniot jazik, sepak moème so sigurnost da kaème deka sredniot tekst
na kamenot od Rozeta e napi{an so pismo i na jazik na toga{nite
gospodari na Egipet, odnosno anti~kite Makedonci.
Ovoj tekst se odnesuva na ist nastan kako i drugite dva teksta
na kamenot, no vo nikoj slu~aj me|u niv ne moè i ne treba da se bara
i da se vospostavi identi~nost. Ova go kaùvame zatoa {to konstatiravme, so de{ifrirawe na naredbata zapi{ana vo posledniot red
na tekstot, deka zapisite se zapi{ani so pisma i so jazici na 3 sloevi na op{testvoto, i toa na: Vrhovnoto sve{tenstvo, @ivite gospodari i Danajcite. Od dene{en aspekt na soznanija, so pisma i na jazici na anti~kite: Egip}ani, Makedonci i Grci.
Pregolemoto uvaùvawe na soznanijata od ~itaweto na anti~ko-gr~kiot tekst, osobeno ozvu~uvaweto na sopstvenite imiwa na
vladetelite i bogovite, vodi kon zabludi koi onevozmoùvaat da se
dojde do pravilni soznanija. Gr~kite imiwa na vladetelite i na bogovite gi nema vo jazikot na anti~kite Makedonci, a najverojatno i
vo jazikot na anti~kite Egip}ani tie pretstavuvaat samo opisen
prevod od jazikot na anti~kite Makedonci na jazikot na anti~kite
Grci na simboli~noto zna~ewe na imeto.
Pismoto i jazikot na anti~kite Makedonci bile oficijalno
pismo i jazik na Makedonskata imperija, ili, kako {to gi narekuva
dene{nata nauka pismo i jazik na koi se pi{uvaat zakonite i oficijalnite dokumenti. Zabludata na dene{nata nauka e vo toa {to za
osoznavawe na sredniot tekst na kamenot od Rozeta go pretpo~ita
anti~ko-egipetskiot jazik (vo raspolo`livata literatura nare~en
novo-egipetski) i arealot na Egipet, a ne anti~ko-makedonskiot jazik i arealot na Balkanot.
91
REFERENCES LITERATURA
[1] Irena Ceklin Baar, et al, Slovenina jezik na maturi: za slovenino jezik v
etrtem letniku gimnazijskih programov: zbirka nalog za ponovitev jezikovne
snovi, Ljubljana, Mladinska knjiga, 2004 (str. 9092) ISBN 86-11-16681-7.
[2] Marja Beter, Martina Kriaj Ortar, Marija Konina, Mojca Bavdek, Mojca
Poznanovi, Darnika Amrbo, Stanislava idan, Na pragu besedila ubenik za
slovenski jezik v 1 letniku gimnazij, strokovnih in tehnikih ol, Tiskarna Mladinska knjiga, d.d., Zaloba Rokus, d.o.o., 2004 (str. 3034).
[3] Demotic Dictionary Project, Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, 2005.
[4] Staroslavnski slovar (po rukopisom XXI vekov), Moskva, Ruski
zik, 1994.
[5] G. S. Grinevi~, Praslavnska pismenost, Moskva, 1993.
[6] Cardan, ARS MAGNA, 1535.
[7] P. Hendriks, The Radoda-Vevani Dialect of Macedonian, Lisse 1976, PdR Press
Publications on Macedonian 1.
Summary
TRACING THE SCRIPT AND THE LANGUAGE
OF THE ANCIENT MACEDONIANS
This study presents the results of research realized within the project Deciphering the
Middle Text of the Rosetta Stone.
It is concluded that a syllabic script of the consonant-vowel type was used for the middle text of the Rosetta Stone. Symbols for 25 consonants were identified. By using the procedure
of mirroring and rotating in the writing surface (plane), a monosemic (unambiguous) method was
determined for connecting the symbol of consonant with 4 or 8 vowels. Although rarely used, the
symbols for writing isolated vowels and some consonants were identified. In the analyzed text,
the syllabic signs were not only written next to each other, but also they were often written one
above the other or one over the other in the form of what are known as ligatures. A small number
of pictographic symbols were also identified.
The wiring for sound of the identified syllabic signs, isolated consonants or vowels and
ligatures was achieved by using archaisms from the dialects of the contemporary Macedonian
language. In the text, which was written from right to left, without a space between the words and
without separation of sentences in an infinite series, more than 160 words were identified which
have keept their meaning in some dialects of the contemporary Macedonian language. A certain
number of grammatical rules were also identified which are discerned in the contemporary Macedonian language, such as the formation of superlative with the adjectives with the prefix naj_
92
[nai] (equivalent to English the _est/ the most ); the plural of nouns by adding i [i]
(equivalent to English _s); the occurrence of definite and indefinite form of nouns, as well as the
frequent use of the preposition na [na] (equivalent to English prepositions on, at). With these
identified syllables and their wiring for sound and the definite rules for writing, a monosemic
(unambiguous) methodology was generated in order to make out certain words and to read what
was written.
The way of addressing the pharaoh with all epithets, first name, last name and nickname, was completely deciphered as one of most frequently used combination of words. The
names of his parents and ancestors are also interesting. It is characteristic that in all cases the
personal names are descriptive and when they are being translated into another language (ancient
Greek) they lose their original pronunciation but retain their meaning.
The name of the supreme god Dze the god of the summers (Ye bog na letata)
was identified, who in the text bears the same epithet as the pharaoh. For some gods, the ancient
Egyptian name is written (inscribed) beside the ancient Macedonian name, and in comparison
with the third text we discerned the ancient Greek name. For the first time, for one god we have
got the three names in ancient Egyptian, Macedonian and Greek in case of the god Ananetsa, the
god Lee and god Osiris respectively. It is characteristic that almost all names of the ancient Macedonian gods are monosyllabic.
By deciphering the content of the last row from the analyzed text, we concluded that
the pharaoh had ordered the decree to be written in the letters (languages) of the three entities of
that time Egyptian society, especially of the high priests, in the text of the alive masters and of
the Danai. In that time, the ancient Macedonians ruled Egypt and they were the alive masters.
The results of deciphering the middle text of the Rosetta Stone point to the fact that
there are many details which cannot be found in the text written (inscribed) in the ancient Greek
alphabet. This conclusion proves the scholarly awareness from the time of Thomas Young (1822)
that the middle text was the original. On the basis of our research we can make this knowledge
more precise with the conclusion that the pharaohs decree from the middle text of the Rosetta
Stone in the original is written (inscribed) in the language of the ancient Macedonians with script
of the alive masters, i.e. with the official script and language of the state that had been ruled by
them for more than a century.
Key words: Ancient Macedonians, script, language
Rezime
PO TRAGITE NA PISMOTO I NA JAZIKOT
NA ANTI^KITE MAKEDONCI
Vo trudov se prezentirani rezultatite od istraùvawata realizirani vo
ramkite na proektot De{ifrirawe na sredniot tekst na kamenot od Rozeta.
Konstatirano e deka za sredniot tekst na kamenot od Rozeta e koristeno
slogovno pismo od tipot soglaska-samoglaska. Identifikuvani se simboli za 25
soglaski. Koristej}i ja postapkata na preslikuvawe i rotacija vo ramninata na pi{uvawe, opredelen e ednozna~en na~in za povrzuvawe na simbolot za soglaska so 4
ili so 8 samoglaski. Iako retko upotrebuvani, identifikuvani se i simbolite za za-
93
pi{uvawe na izolirani samoglaski i soglaski. Vo analiziraniot tekst, pokraj pi{uvaweto na slogovnite znaci eden do drug, ~esto se pi{uvani slogovnite znaci i eden nad
drug, vo forma na ligaturi. Iako vo mal broj, identifikuvani se i nekolku piktografski simboli.
Ozvu~uvaweto na identifikuvanite slogovni znaci, osameni soglaski ili
samoglaski i ligaturi, e realizirano so koristewe na arhaizmi od dijalekti na sovremeniot makedonski jazik. Vo analiziraniot tekst koj e pi{uvan oddesno nalevo,
bez rastojanie me|u zborovite i bez odvojuvawe na re~enicite vo neprekinata niza,
identifikuvani se pove}e od 160 zborovi koi go zadràle zna~eweto vo nekoi dijalekti od sovremeniot makedonski jazik. Isto taka, identifikuvani se i odreden
broj gramati~ki pravila koi se prepoznatlivi i vo sovremeniot makedonski jazik,
kako {to e formiraweto superlativ kaj pridavkite so prefiksot naj, mnoìna kaj
imenkite so dodavkata i, pojavata na opredelena i neopredelena forma kaj imenkite
i za~estenata upotreba na predlogot na. So vaka identifikuvanite slogovni znaci,
nivnoto ozvu~uvawe i opredelenite pravila na pi{uvawe, sozdadena e ednozna~na metodologija za prepoznavawe na odredeni zborovi i za ~itawe na napi{anoto.
Rezultatite od de{ifriraweto na sredniot tekst na kamenot od Rozeta
ukaùvaat na mnogu pove}e detali koi gi nema vo tekstot zapi{an so anti~ko-gr~ko
pismo. Ovaa konstatacija go potvrduva soznanieto na naukata u{te od vremeto na
Tomas Jang (1822 godina) deka sredniot tekst e originalot. Vrz osnova na na{ite
istraùvawa, ova soznanie moème da go doprecizirame so konstatacijata deka dekretot na faraonot vo sredniot tekst na kamenot od Rozeta vo original e napi{an
na jazikot na anti~kite Makedonci so pismo na ìvite gospodari, odnosno so oficijalnoto pismo i jazik na dràvata koja{to tie ja upravuvale pove}e od eden vek.
Klu~ni zborovi: anti~ki Makedonci, pismo, jazik
Inhalt
AUF DEM SPUREN DEN SCHRIFT UND DER SPRACHE
DER ANTISCHEN MAKEDONIER
In der Bemhung sind die Resultate presentiert, die for der Forschung realisiert worden
ist, innerhalb dieses Projektes Deschifrierung des mittleren Textes von der Stein der Roseta.
Es hat sich besttigt, dass der mittlere Text von Roseta gebraucht wurde, wie auch die
silbige Schrift vom Typ Konsonant Vokal. Identifiziert sind Simbole fuer 25 Konsonanten. In
Bentzung der Methode von Kopieren und Drehung (Rotation), im Bereich der Schreibung, demmit
wurde eindeutig ausgewhlt die Art der Verbindung des Symbols fr Konsonante mit 4 oder 8 Vokale. Jedoch nicht oft gebraucht wurden auch Symbole fr Schreibung von isolierte Vokale und Konsonante identifiziert. Im analysierten Text, neben der Schreibung von silbige Zeichen nebeneinannder
gestellt, wurden hufig die silbigen Zeichen ein aufeinannder gestellt, und zwar in Form von
Ligaturen. Jedoch in eine kleine zahl identifiziert worden auch ein Paar piktografische Simbole.
Die Ausschreibung von identifizierte silbige Zeichen, einsame Konsonante und Ligaturen wurden realisiert durch Gebrauch von Archaismen von Dialekte der gegenwrtigen
mazedonischen Sprache.
94
Im analysierten Text, der von Rechts nach Links geschrieben ist, ohne einer Zwischendistanz der Wrter und Trennung der Stze, in einer ununterbrochenen Reihe, wurde mehr als
160 Wrter identifiziert, die ihre Bedeutung beinhaltet haben bei einige Dialekte der gegenwrtigen mazedonoschen Sprache. Durch die Analyse identifiziert wurden auch ein Paar gramatische
Regeln, die bei der heutigen mazedonischen Sprache bekannt sind, wie zum Beispiel die
Grndung des superlatives bei Adjektiven mit dem Prefix ber als Vorsilbe der superlativen
Form, Plural bei den Substantiven mit der Zufgung und, im Gebrauch von definierte und undefinierte Formen bei den Substantiven und der ftere Gebrauch von der Prposition zu. Mit so
identifizierten silbige Zeichen, deren Aussprache und definierte Schreibung, wurde eine eindeutige
Methode gegrndet, zur identifiezierung der bestimmten Wrter und des lesens des geschriebenen.
Die meist gebrauchte Variante (Kombination) von Wrter, wurde im Ganzen die Art
der Wendung der Menschen gegenber des Pharaons gegeben, mit allen Epiteten, Vorname,
Nachname und Spitzname. Interresant sind auch die Namen deren Eltern und deren Vorfahren.
Charackteristisch ist, dass in allen Fllen die eigenen Namen dargestellt sind, und bei der bersetzung in anderer Sprache (antisch Giechisch) verschwindet der originale Aussdruch, aber die
Bedeutung bleibt beinhaltet.
Identifiziert wurde der Name des Hauptgottes (im original mazedonischer Sprache
geschrieben als SE, auf Deutsch deskribiert als ZCHE) und das Bedeutet der Gott des
Sommers, der im Text die gleiche Epitht als der Pharaon hat. Fr einige Gtter, neben dem
antisch- mazedonischen Namens, wurde auch der antisch-egyptischen Name geschrieben, und im
Vergleich mit dem dritten Text des Steins wird auch der antisch-griechische Name identifiziert.
Zum ersten Mal fr einen selben Gott haben wir alle drei Namen, des antisch-egyptische, antisch-mazedonischen und antisch-griechischen, im Falle des Gottes Ananeza, dann der
Gott Li und der Gott Osiries respektiv. Karakterisch ist, das alle Namen der antisch
mazedonischen Gtter einsilbig sind.
Mit der Deschifrierung des Inhaltes der letzten Reihe des analysierten Textes, hat sich
herrausgestellt, dass der Pharaon befehlt, dass das Dekret in den Briefen gegeben wird (geschrieben) in Entiteten der damaligen egyptischen Gesellschaft, und zwar: die Hauptpriester, die lebenden Herren und den Danaischen. In der Zeit, in Egypten herrschen die antischen Makedonier,
und eben diese versteht der Pharaon unter dem Namen lebende Herren.
Die Resultate der Deschifrierung des mittleren Textes von Stein Roseta, zeigen an
mehrere Datails, die im Text des antisch-griechischen Text nicht vorhanden sind (zu sehen sind).
Diese Feststellung besttigt die Schlussfolgerung der Forschung von der Zeit des Thomas Jang
(1822), dass der mittlere Text ein Original ist. Aufgrund unserere Forschung, knnte diese
Schlussfolderung prezisiert warden, mit der Feststellung, dass das Dekret des Pharaons im mittleren Text des Steins von Roseta, wurde im Original in der Sprache der antischen Makedonier
geschrieben, und zwar im Schrift der lebenden Herren, bzw. Mit der offiziellen Schrift und
Sprache des Landes, die sie mehr als 100 Jahren geleitet haben.
Schluselwoerter: antischen Makedonier, schrift, sprache
95
Prilog Appendix
De{ifrirani zborovi od sredniot tekst na kamenot od Rozeta (Deciphered words and terms from the middle text of the Rosetta Stone)
Original
The original
Generirana transkripcija
Generated transcript
îtawe (od desno na levo)

Wiring for sound
(in cyrillic alphabet from right to left)
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
Superlativi (Superlatives)
1.
eMI [aN
Na{e ime
Our name
2.
eMI [aNJaN
Najna{e ime
Our most significant

name
3.
iNeV @
Dolgo ìven
Long lived
4.
iNeV @JaN
Najdolgo ìven
For ever living

(Eucharistos)
5.
N @ B
Boèstven
Divine
6.
N @oBJaN
Najboèstven
The most divine
96
Prilog Appendix
Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
7.
ZnaN
Naniza
Neckless of
necklesses
8.
ZNaNJaN
Najnaniza
The most neckless

of necklesses
9.
I Y
Nao~it
Honourable
10.
I YJaN
Najnao~itiot
The most
honourable
11.
oMI
Imo
Name
12.
oMIJaN
Najimo
The most name
13.
oMI YaN
Nao~ito imo
Honourable name
Original
The original
97
Prilog Appendix
Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
14.
oMI YaNJaN
Najnao~ito imo
The most
honourable name
15.
aCNeMI YaNJaN
Najnao~itiot
imenec (Faraon)

(Pharaoh)
16.
VaCNeMI YaNJaN
The most
Najnao~itata
honourable woman
ime (Faraonica)
(Pharaoh)
17.
oMeNJaN
Original
The original
Najnakraj
At the end (Finally)
Ednina/mnoìna na imenki ne~lenuvani/~lenuvani formi (Singular/Plural of nouns definite/indefinite forms)

18.
oTL
Leto
Summer
98
Prilog Appendix
Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
19.
IoTL
Leta
Summers
20.
oMe[
Sve{tenik
Priest
21.
IoMe[
Sve{tenici
Priests
22.
i[
Kamen
Stone
23.
Ii[
Kamewa
Stones
24.
eV [ aN
Kamena gradba
Temple
Original
The original
99
Prilog Appendix
Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
25.
IeV [ aN
Kameni gradbi
Temples
26.
RadopsoG
Gospodar
Master (Lord)
27.
IRadopsoG
Gospodari
Masters (Lords)
28.
oTRadopsoG
Gospodarot
The Master
(The Lord)
29.
aTRadopsoG
Gospodarite
The Masters
(The Lords)
30.
eV @
@ivo
Alive
Original
The original
100
Prilog Appendix
Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
31.
oTeV @
@ivoto
The Living
32.
AceD
Deca
Children
33.
OmaCeD
Decata
The children
34.
JoMaCeD
Decata moi
My children
35.
ANaCeD
Decana
Those children
36.
AgoB
Boga
God
37.
OmagoB
Bogovite
Gods
Boga
God
Original
The original
Piktografski znaci (Pictografic signs)

38.
AGOB
101
Prilog Appendix
Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
ADOPSOG
Gospoda
Lord
40.
Pokojnik
The dead person
41.
Zmija
Snake (cobra)
Original
The original
39.
Imiwa na predci (vladeteli) na faraonot i nivni soprugi (Names of the pharohs ancestors and their wives)
42.
JoT
I JeViD oMagoB
Toj komu
bogovite mu se
voshituvaat
Epiphan
(Beloved of Ptah)
43.
ZJaN
oJeViD oMagoB
Nejze bogovite
se voshituvaat
Epiphania
44.
eViDaN @ BjaN
JoM JVaNagoB
Najboèna se
voshituva na najgolemiot moj bog
Arsinoe
102
Prilog Appendix
Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
45.
eVeY
Svetol
(Vidoe)
Adelphoi
46.
eVeYe@i[N
I Na{iot
svetol
Philadephoi
47.
oTI YaNJaN e@i[N
I Na{iot
najo~itiot
Philopator
48.
NIeK VoKaNJ
Junakot ve~en
Soteres
49.
eMI P uQ @
Dobrodetel
Euergetai
(benefactor)
50.
eViDaN @ BjaN
oMI JoM JVaNagoB
oTI YaNJaN e@i[N
Original
The original
Najboèna se
voshituva na najgolem moj Bog
Arsinoe Philopator
imo na i na{iot
najo~it
103
Prilog Appendix
Original
The original

Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
51.
eViDaN @ BjaN
JoM JeVaNagoB
VeYe@i[N oMI
Najboèna se voshituva na najgolem

Arsinoe Philadelhos
moj bog imo na i
na{iot svetol
52.
oM V S agoB JVaN
eMI P uQ @ oMI J
Na najgolemiot
bog pobeda moja
Berenice Euergetai
sopruga na
Dobrodetel
Tituli na mladi prislu`ni~ki (Categories of young maids)
53.
oT S oMagoB ZjaN
aC(sT)eViD
oT S oMagoB ZjaN
aC(sT)eViD
Nejze bogovite
site se divat
Nejze bogovite
site se divat
Athlophoroi
54.
agoB aN aC(sT)eViD
aCeNaNA
Se divi (voshituva) na bogot Ananeca (bog na

obnovata)
Kanephoroi
104
Prilog Appendix
Original
The original

Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
Obra}awe kon gospodarite ednina/mnoìna i so ~lenuvawe (The ways of Calling the Masters singular/plural and definite forms)
55.
eV ZaN IoM
oTLadopsoG
Po na{e
narekuvan
Gospodarot
Our way of calling

the Master (Lord)
56.
eV ZaN IoM
ILadopsoG
Po na{e
narekuvani
gospodari
Our way of calling

the master (Lords)
Moite na ìvo
gospodari (ìvi
gospodari)
My Alive Masters
(Lords)
57.
58.
eV @aN IoM
aTLadopsoG
eV ZaN IoM
oTLadopsoG
eV ZaN IoM e\I
oTLadopsoG
Po na{e gospodarot po na{e We call the master

gospodarot
of the master
(Sacred)
(vrhoven sve{tenik)
105
Prilog Appendix
Original
The original

Wiring for sound
59.
eV ZaN IoV A
LadopsoG
eV ZaN I
LadopsoG
60.
aN
i[adopsoG MoM
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
A Vie gi vikate
And you call the
Gospodar i gi
master and call the
vikate Gospodar
master (Sacred)
(Sveti)
Na mojot gospo-dar kamenot
My masters stone
Ligaturi so na (Ligatures with on, at)

61.
CiaN
Najcenet
The most respected
62.
eMeSIaN
Najsemejstvo
The best family
63.
V ZaN
Nare~en
Called
106
Prilog Appendix
Original
The original
64.

Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
eV ZaN
Nare~e
Called
Imiwa na bogovi egipetski so prevod na anti~ko-makedonski i na anti~ko-gr~ki

(The Gods names ancient Egyptian with translation in ancient Macedonian and ancient Greek)
65.
eVaCaPu\
agoB aCeNaNA
66.
eV ZaN IoM A
iL AgoB
67.
agoB aTeNaNA
a^L
Na Egip}anite
Bogot Ananeca
Egyptian God
Ananetsa (Osiris)
Na{ite go
Our people call him
narekuvaat Bog
the god of forests
na {umata
(renewal)
(obnovata)
Bogot Ananeta
na L~ot
Goddess Ananeta of
sunrise ray (Isis)
(svetlosniot
zrak)
107
Prilog Appendix
Original
The original

Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
Najsvetloto
Pharaoh, the
na{e ime, najbrightest, our people
svetliot, moite
call him the God of
go narekuvaat
the Summers
bog na letata
68.
aCNeMI YaNJaN
I YJaN eV ZaN IoM
ioTL agoB
69.
ajimZ agoB oTuT
Tuto bogot zmija
Thoth god cobra
70.
agoB ZU aN O ajimZ
Bogot zmija na
ustieto
God Seth (snake) of

the Delta of the Nile
71.
NuSAaN E agoB
72.
NI [aN agoB
Bogot e na Asuan The God of Asuan

Bogot na{ion
The God of ours
108
Prilog Appendix
Original
The original

Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
Imiwa na bogovi anti~ko-gr~ki so prevod na anti~ko-makedonski

(The Gods names in ancient Greek with translation in ancient Macedonian)
73.
S agoB aN
eT [ @aNeY N
Bogot na
svetlinata
è{ka
God Hefest
Imiwa na bogovi anti~ko-makedonski

(The names of ancient Macedonians Gods)
74.
eY agoB
Bogot na
svetlinata
The God Zeus
75.
eY agoB oV [aN
Na{iov bog na
svetlinata
Our God Zeus
76.
aS agoB
Bogot Sa
(na lozjata)
The God of
wineyards
77.
oH agoB
Bogot Ho
The God of war
109
Prilog Appendix
Original
The original

Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
78.
X agoB
Bogot Xo
The God [Dzho]
79.
iV agoB
Bogot Vi
The God [Vi]
80.
oV agoB
Bogot Vo (Voda)
The God [Vo] of the

water
81.
eV agoB
Bogot Ve
The God [Ve] of the

builders
82.
aK agoB
Bogot Ka
The God [Ka]
83.
eD agoB
Bogot De
The God [De]
84.
ajimZ agoB
Bogot Zmija
The God Snake
85.
a^L agoB
Bogot Lâ
The God [Ltcha] of
(na svetlosniot
the sunrise
zrak)
110
Prilog Appendix
Original
The original
86.

Wiring for sound
iL agoB
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
Bogot Li
The God [Li] of the

renewal
Sve{teni~ki klasi (Categories of priests)

87.
I Y agoB oMaCeD
Decata na bogot
na svetlinata
High priests
88.
IoMe[ oM aCeD
Deca na
sve{tenicite
Prophets
89.
aCeD S AGOB aN
Na boga se deca
They are Gods

children
90.
AeDaNoMaCeD
Decata na Dea The children of Dea

(Boìca majka) (Mother of Gods)
Macedonians
Makedonci
91.
HagoB aN aNaCeD
Decana na bogot The children of the

Ho
God of war
111
Prilog Appendix
Original
The original

Wiring for sound
I AeDaNoMaCeD
X agoB aN
92.
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
Decata na Dea i
na Bogot Xo
The children of the

God [Dzho]
Poimi so Ye (svetlo) (Terms with [Dze] Bright)

93.
I Y
Svetli
Bright
94.
VeY
Svetlina
Light (brightness)
95.
AeY
Svetla
Bright
96.
A [ aN VeY
Svetlina na{a
Our light
97.
AeY ZnaNjaN
NajNaniza
Svetla
The most neckless

of necklesses bright
112
Prilog Appendix
Original
The original

Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
Poim za kamen (ancient Macedonian term for the stone)

[i
Stone
oTaCi[
Tvrd kamen
Hard Stone
100.
JeV i[ aN
Na kamen
izgraden
Built on stone
101.
eV [ aN
Kamena gradba
Temple
102.
IeV [ aN
Kameni gradbi
Temples
103.
I YIeV [ aN
Kameni gradbi
svetli
Bright temples
98.
i[
Poimi so kamen ({i) (Terms based on the term stone)
99.
113
Prilog Appendix
Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
104.
V IeV [ aN
Kamenive gradbi
These temples
105.
N V IeV [ aN
Vgraden vo
kameni gradbi
Built into temples
106.
V IeV [aN
eZeV
Da se naveze
(zapi{e) vo
kameni gradbi
To be embroidered
(written) in temples
107.
NeV aN [ aN
Na kamen
napraven
On stone made
108.
eNeZeVaNi[aN
Na kamen
navezeni
On stone
embroidered
109.
A [ aN
Na{a
Our
110.
AeLaN
Statua
Statue
Original
The original
114
Prilog Appendix
Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
111.
ZoLaN
Slika (narez)
Image (picture)
112.
oTeV @ ZoLaN
113.
eV @
114.
oTaCi[VV ZoLaN
115.
oTaCi[VVaCJeRaN
Recki vo tvrd
kamen
Scribes on hard
stone
116.
eNaP\aN JeRaN
Recki Na \upane
Egyptian Scribe
(Hieroglyphs)
117.
aCJeRaN
Recki
Scribes
Original
The original
@iva
slika
@ivo
The living image

Alive
Slika (narez) vo
Image on hard stone
stena tvrda
115
Prilog Appendix
Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
118.
INIeRN
Na{ite recki
Our scribes
119.
oMIeRN
Moi recki
My scribes
120.
oMaS
Samo
Only
121.
IeRN YoMaSaP\aN
Samo recki
Egipetski
Only the Egyption

scribes
122.
AioRaN
Ku}a
House
123.
eV [ aN NoR
Vrhovna
kancelarija
Supreme office
124.
CIaN AIoRaN
AioRaN
Original
The original
Ku}a na
Inner shrine
ku}ata na srceto (House of the house
of the heart body)
(teloto)
116
Prilog Appendix
Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
125.
AIoRaN
aCNeMI YaNJaN
Ku}a na
faraonot
Pharaohs House
126.
aC @ iS aN
Na sobir na
prorocite
Prophets assembly
127.
@eDaN
Nade`
Hope
Original
The original
Svrznici (Conjunctions)
128.
And
129.
But
130.
L Z
Kako i
As well as (also,
too)
117
Prilog Appendix
Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
131.
jaPaNI
I pa
And
132.
e\I
Negoviot
His
133.
VV
Vo
In, On
Original
The original
Imiwa na dràvi i narodi (Names of territories and peoples)

134.
oTPu\AaN
Egipet
Egypt
135.
eVI SJaNiSaN
Na Sinaj site
Sinai
136.
INaNTaN JeVaNagoB
Najgolemiot Bog
ô na Tnani
The greatest god

[Cho] of Tnani
(Netanya)
118
Prilog Appendix
Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
137.
VaCaPu\
\upcive
These Egyptians
138.
oM aPu\aN
Na \upamo
To the egyptians
139.
eNaP\aN
Na \upane
The Egyptians
140.
VJaNaD aN
Na Danajcive
Danais
141.
VJaNaD
Danajci
Danai
142.
XNaNaP aN
Na festivalot
(pana|urot)
At the festival (fair)
143.
XNaNaP aN
@eDaN
Na pana|urot na
nade`ta
At the festival (fair)

of the assumption
(hope)
Original
The original
119
Prilog Appendix
Original
The original
144.

Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
uJa^N ZaN
Se nazna~uvaat
Being appointed
Drugi (Other)
145.
joT
Toj
He
146.
eZeV
Veze
Embroide (writes
beautifully)
147.
LoToP
Od gradot
From the town
148.
N VeZaN
Nare~en
Called
149.
ZNaN
Naniza
Neckless
150.
JoM
Moj
My (mine)
120
Prilog Appendix
Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
151.
oM
Jas
152.
IoM
Moi
My (mine)
153.
I V
Vie
You
154.
IVJ
Javi
Decreed
155.
oMVJ
Nareduvame
We ordered
156.
aN
Na
To (on, onto)
157.
eDB
Da bide
To be
Original
The original
121
Prilog Appendix
Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
158.
AGOB aN AGOB
Boga na Boga
God of God
159.
aC RaN
Taì (narica)
Lament
160.
NJ
Mladen~e (sin)
Offspring
161.
N J
Rodenden
Birthday
Na{ite
neprijateli
Our enemies
Original
The original
162.
NIaK oMI [aN
163.
NeV oV agoB
164.
oTaTAaN
Construction of the
Gradba na Bogot
god of waters (water
na vodite (kanal)
canal)
Na tato
Fathers
122
Prilog Appendix
Wiring for sound
Tolkuvawe
Interpretation in
contemporary
Macedonian
Angliski
aTA
Tatko
Father
166.
eNIN SaN
Naslednik
Successor
167.
NJ J I aP
AuS oVLadopsoG
Pa e i mladen~e
(sin) na negoviot
gospodar
Offspring of his
master (lord)
Original
The original
Ovoj izraz e izveden od
165. prethodniot (go nema na
kamenot)

Rosetta Stone and The Ancient Macedonian Language

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Rosetta Stone and The Ancient Macedonian Language

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Prilozi, Odd. mat. teh. nauki, MANU, XXVI, 2 (2005), s.

TRACING THE SCRIPT AND THE LANGUAGE

The results of deciphering the middle text of the Rosetta

Tracing the script and the language of the ancient Macedonians

Fig. 1. Photo of the Rosetta Stone at the British Museum in London

Prilozi, Odd. mat. teh. nauki, XXVI, 2 (2005), s. 7122

According to the perceptions of contemporary science, as well as the

Tracing the script and the language of the ancient Macedonians

Fig. 2. The appearance of the middle text of the Rosetta Stone

Tracing the script and the language of the ancient Macedonians

Contributions, Sec. Math. Tech. Sci., MANU, XXVI, 2 (2005), p. 7122

Tracing the script and the language of the ancient Macedonians

there is no division of words and use of blank space, it is written in an

1.1. Identification of the Syllabic Signs

as the signs for 12 (twelve) consonants.

Prilozi, Odd. mat. teh. nauki, XXVI, 2 (2005), s. 7122

tury as signs for writing numbers by the well-known mathematician Cardan, in

Fig. 1.1. System for Writing Numbers

Contributions, Sec. Math. Tech. Sci., MANU, XXVI, 2 (2005), p. 7122

Tracing the script and the language of the ancient Macedonians

as marks for 6 (six) consonants.

In this way, using 6 different signs 6 x 4 = 24 different syllables of the

In this way, using 6 different signs 6 x 4 = 24 different syllables of the

Prilozi, Odd. mat. teh. nauki, XXVI, 2 (2005), s. 7122

1.4. Pictographic Signs

Contributions, Sec. Math. Tech. Sci., MANU, XXVI, 2 (2005), p. 7122

Tracing the script and the language of the ancient Macedonians

Contributions, Sec. Math. Tech. Sci., MANU, XXVI, 2 (2005), p. 7122

Tracing the script and the language of the ancient Macedonians

Prilozi, Odd. mat. teh. nauki, XXVI, 2 (2005), s. 7122

2.1.2. Wiring for Sound of the Symmetrical Syllabic Signs

B[b] V[v] M[m] H[h]

Contributions, Sec. Math. Tech. Sci., MANU, XXVI, 2 (2005), p. 7122

Tracing the script and the language of the ancient Macedonians

2.1.3. Wiring for Sound of the Inclined Syllabic Signs

Prilozi, Odd. mat. teh. nauki, XXVI, 2 (2005), s. 7122

The pronunciation of the isolated consonant changes into soft P[r],

2.4. Wiring for Sound of the Pictographic Signs

Tracing the script and the language of the ancient Macedonians

The three inclined lines occur in a specific construction to define the

2.5. Wiring for Sound of the Ligatures

I YaN jaN [iezdanjan]

3. SOME RULES FOR WRITING

In the analyzed text, more cases of formation of superlative form in this

Tracing the script and the language of the ancient Macedonians

Ancient Macedonian original

Ancient Macedonian original

Ancient Macedonian original

Ancient Macedonian original

EMI [aN JaN

In the dictionary of identified words, 8 different words were added to

3.2. Writing the Plural of Nouns

in the singular, as well as

Tracing the script and the language of the ancient Macedonians

4. MENTIONING THE NAME OF THE EMPEROR (PHARAOH)

Prilozi, Odd. mat. teh. nauki, XXVI, 2 (2005), s. 7122

(read from left to right)

4.2. The Name of the Emperor (Pharaoh)

Tracing the script and the language of the ancient Macedonians

Translated into contemporary Macedonian for the name of the dynasty

which translated into contemporary Macedonian language means:

The mothers name is:

Wired for sound (is read from right to left)