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5 Lectures
Module 6
Topics to be covered
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Control Volume Concept
Open Channel Flow
Saint Venant Equations
Continuity Equation
Momentum Equation
Energy Equation
Module 6
Module 6
Fluids Problems-Approaches
1. Experimental Analysis
2. Differential Analysis
Module 6
dB
=
or dB dm
dm
d ( m)
= 1 momentum ( mv )
mass (m) =
dm
P.E. (mgh) = gh
K.E. (1/2 mv2)
d ( mv )
=
=v
dm
= 12 v 2
Module 6
Contd
dB
= d + Vrel .dA
dt t c .v .
c.s.
Contd
II
III
I
II
1
dB
[(BII + BIII )t +t (BI + BII )t ]
= Lt
dt sys t 0 t
...(6.1)
Here, dB = dm = (d)
dm
where =
d
d = elemental volume
dm = mass of the fluid contained in d
From eq.(6.1)
1
dB
{[(BII )t +t (BII )t ] [(BIII )t +t (BI )t ]}
= Lt
dt sys t 0 t
1st term
2nd term
dA
control surface
= dA( l cos )
= l cos .dA
Module 6
Total volume of
= dA(l cos )
c.s.
Note :
dB
= Total rate of change of extensive property of
dt sys
fluid
Module 6
d (mass )
=0
dt
dt
d
d + V .dA = 0
......(6.2)
dt c .v .
c.s.
This is the equation of var iable density unsteady flow.
d
For steady state flow,
d = 0
dt c .v .
(i ) is cons tan t
Assumptions :
d
d + V .dA = 0
dt c .v .
c.s.
d = S and
c .v .
c.s.
dS
+ Q(t ) I (t ) = 0
dt
dS
or
= I (t ) Q(t ) = 0, hence proved .
dt
i.e
Reynolds transport
equation becomes,
Steady State
dBsys
Sj
jt
jt
S j 1
( j 1) t
( j 1) t
dS =
( S j S j 1 ) = I j Q j
where S j = storage at time j ,
dt
= V A
CS
Unsteady State
d
= d + V A
CS
dt
dt CV
dBsys
S j 1 = storage at time j 1,
I j = Inflow int o the system between the time t j 1 and t j ,
Q j = Outflow from the system between the time t j 1 and t j .
Module 6
If
j = 1,
( S1 S 0 ) = I1 Q1
......(6.3)
j = 2,
( S 2 S1 ) = I 2 Q2
......(6.4)
From Eq.(3), S1 = S 0 Q1 + I 1
......(6.5)
Substituting value of
S1 in (6.4),
S1 S 0 + Q1 I 1 = I 2 Q2
or S 2 = S 0 + ( I 1 Q1 ) + ( I 2 Q2 )
Thus,
j
S j = S 0 + ( I t Qt )
t =1
Module 6
In most applications, the liquid is water and the air above the flow is
usually at rest and at standard atmospheric pressure.
udel.edu/~inamdar/EGTE215/Open_channel.pdf
Module 6
Pipe flow
Pressure work
geometry)
parameters
continuity equation
Specific boundary
conditions
surface
(Source:www.uq.edu.au/~e2hchans/reprints/b32_chap01.pdf)
Unsteady
Steady
Varied
Uniform
Varied
Gradually
Gradually
Rapidly
Rapidly
Module 6
2.
3.
4.
Unsteady flow
Module 6
Module 6
Module 6
Hydraulic Routing
Momentum
Equation
Physics of water
movement
Hydraulic
routing
Hydraulic routing is intended to describe the dynamics of the water or flood wave
movement more accurately
Hydrological routing
Continuity equation + f (storage, outflow, and possibly inflow) relationships
assumed, empirical, or analytical in nature. Eg: stage-discharge relationship.
Module 6
Module 6