Mastering Spanish

MACMITLAN MASTER SERIES
ROBERT CLARKE
wtcMILIN
Buenos das. 2Cmo est usted?

fdentification: introductions and
goodbyes
2A qu hora l|egamos?
Dialogues
Diatogue
Robert and Joan Robinson arrive in Spain and pass through Customs and
Tmmiorqtinn
Po|ica: Buenos das' Su pasaporte, por favor.

Robert: Aqu tiene usted.
Po|ica: Usted es ingls, ;verdad?
BUENOS DIAS. 1COMO ESTA USTED?
JOan:
Juan
m
Mara
Joan:
Juan
tlee
Vamos a Espaa
Robert. Eso es.

Polica: Y, ;quin eS esta seora?
Robert: Esta es mi mujer, Joan Robinson.
Polica: iY sus hijos?
Robert: No estn con nosotros. Estn en Inglaterra.
Po|ica. Muy bien. ;Cunto tiempo van ustedes a estar en Espaa?
Robert; Tres semanas.
Po|ica; Muy bien. Gracias. Adis.
Robert: Adis.
Diatogue 2
The Robinsons arrive at their hotel and check in at reception.
Robert. Buenos das. Soy el seor Robinson. ;Tiene usted una habitacin
reservada en mi nombre?
Recepcionista: ;Robinson? (Jn momento. ;Cmo se escribe su nombre?

Robert: R-o-b-i-n-s-o-n. Robinson.
Recepcionista: Ah, s. Aqu est' El seor Robinson de York en Inglaterra'
Robert: Eso es.
Recepcionista: Una habitacin con bao por cinco das, iverdad?
Robert: S, eso es.
Recepcionista: La habitacin nmero doce en el primer piso. Aqu tiene usted
la llave.
DUENC
el dia
DUenc
su/su5
er pasi
por fa
aqui
tiene
usteo
es
ing|s,
Lveraz
eso
e50 es
1quir
este/a
|a ser
mi/mi:
la mu1
el hr.1o
los hr.1r
no
estan
estam(
con
nosotr
lnglat(
Robert. Muchasgraclas.
Recepcionista: A usted, seor.
bien
muy
Diatogue 3
.CUnl
el tien
In the evening the Robinsons go to meet some friends in a caf. Mr Robinson

knows them but Mrs Robinson does not.
Juan Lpez: Buenas tardes, Roberto. 4Qu hay?

Robert: Hola, Juan. Esta es mi mujer, Joan _ Juana en espaol.
Juan Lpez: Mucho gusto' seora Robinson.
MASTERING SPINIS/1
van
Usted
estar
Espa.
tres
la sem
ras va(
Joan: El
gusto es mo, seor Lpez.

Juan Lpez: 4Puedo presentarle a mi mujer? Mara, sta es Juana Robinson, la
mujer de Roberto.
Mara Lpez; Mucho gusto) Juana.

.)oan Encantada, Mara.
Juan Lpez. Bueno. Sintense. ;Qu van a tomar?
Vocabulary
l:ueno/a/os/as
good
buenos das
su/sus
e pasaporte
good day, good morning

your. his. her. their
passport
usted
you (polite speech)
e| da
por favor
aqu
tiene
es
i
n g| s / e s a / es es,/es a s
2verdad?
eso
eso es
2quin?
itacin
?
rra.
este/a
|a seora
mi/mis
la mu.1er
el hl..1o
los hl..1os
no
estn
estamos
e usted
please
here
has, have
is, are
English
true? is that right? isn't it?
that
that's it. that's rioht
and
who?
this
lady, Mrs
my
wife, woman
son
children, sons
no, not
are (they are)
are (we are,
con
nosolros
with
bien
muy
2cunto?
el tiempo
van
well
very
how much?
time
ustedes
go, are going (they)

you (plural, polite speech)
eSIar
to be
tres
three
Inglaterra
binson
day
Espaa
ta semana
las vacaciones
us, we
England
Spain
week
holidays
BUENos DiAs' C()Mo ESTA UsrED.)
gractas
adis
soy
|a habitacin
reservado/a
el nombre
el momento
2cmo?
escribir
se escribe
si
e| bao
por
e| nmero
thank you
goodbye
Iam
room
moment
how?
to write
one writes, it is written
yes
for
number
la tarde
espa o|/a,/es,/as
mucho
el gusto
mucho gusto
mo/a/os/as
el gusto es mio
puedo
presentar
sintense
tomar
For supplementaty ttocabulaty lists see
The
afi
because
(9-10 p
bath, bathroom
key
afternoon, evening
good afternoon, evening
2qu?
nay
2qu hay?
hola
Bue
Bue
Bue
name
twelve
first
buenas tardes
tai<es pl,
reserved
ooce
primero/a/os/as
el piso
la llave
wh
(Mr),':
floor (of building)' flat
what?
Bue
The for
and
Adi
$7hen
.doa'
there is, there are

how are things, how are You?
hello
Spanish
a lot, much
the pleasure's mine

I can
to introduce
sit down (addressing more than one
person)
to have (food and drink)
p. 285
With fr
Ho
(b) Pt
Polite i
inanc
forms
rigid
s1
dents
each ot
form aI
iar forr
Explanations
(c)
Ifyou
The grammar summat))) to uhich the grammar re;ferences refer, begins on p. 342
But
But
pleasure
pleased to meet you
mine
car:
Tt
Hc
(a) Meeting people andfortns of address

Spaniards shake hands when they meet people for the first time and at subse-
q,rent meetings. They also shake hands when leaving other people, and getting
away from a large group of Spaniards can be quite complicated!
MASTERING SPINISI
and pc
form o
singula
Us
.seor'
$7hen meeting strangers for the first time, you address them as
.seorita'
.seora'
(Miss) and their Surname. If the meeting
(Mr),
(Mrs) or
takes place in the morning, the fuli greeting would be:
Buenos das, seor Gc:nz|ez.
Buenos das, seora Morales.
Buenos das, seorita Agudo.
Good morning, Mr GonzIez.

Good morning, Mrs Morales.
Good morning, Miss Agudo.
The afternoon and evening are referred to by the same phrase, probably
because the Spaniards consider the time between lunch (1 2 por) and dinner
(9-10 pm) as being a single part of the day. Thus the greetingbecomes:
Buenas tardes' seor
Gonz|ez'
Good afternoon/evening,
Mr Gonzlez.
The form 'buenas noches' (good night) is usually used when it is night-time
and can be used to greet people as well as to say 'good night'.
Adis, buenas noches
Goodbye, good night
When you know people fairly well, it is possible to greet them using 'don' or
.doa' with their first name, but the greeting remains fairly formal.
Buenas tardes, don Paco.
Buenos das, doa Maria.
Good afternoon, Paco.

Good morning, Maria.
!7ith friends, the irst name is used.

Hola, lsabel.
Hello, Isabel.
(b) Polite andfarniliqr in socisl relationships

1
one
Polite forms are used to address strangers, people older than yourself, anyone
in an official position such as policemen and Customs officials, and familiar
forms are used to address friends, children and animals. (The previous rather
rigid system is breaking down and some groups of people for example, students - regularly address each other in the familiar form whether they know
each other or not. To avoid embarrassment it is better to start off in the polite
form and wait for the Spaniard to invite vou to address him or her in the familiar form.)
(c) The polite forrn - grsr?xntar ref 7(i)

). 342
If you meet a bishop in England, you have to address him as follows:
How
t subseI
getting
zs
your Grace this morning?
and polite speech in Spanish has the same pattern with 'usted', a shortened
form of 'vuestra merced' (your Grace) taking, as in English, the third person
singular of the verb.
Usted es ingls.
You're English.
BUENos oas. |cl,lo EST USTED?
Without the pronoun 'usted', the sentence has a quite different meaning.
WC
yo
He's English.
Es ing|s.
thr
If you are talking to more than one person the plural form 'ustedes' is used:
You're English.
They're English.
Ustedes son ingleses.

Son ingleses.
yo
Hower
the en,
'Usted' can also be written 'Vd.' or 'Ud.', and 'ustedes' as 'Vds.' or 'Uds.'
So
Er
(d)
The
Es
farniliarJortn
This form, used to address friends, children and animals, is simpiy the second
person of the verb in the singular form to address one person and the plural to
address more than one:
You're Spanish, aren't you?

You're English, aren't you?
Eres espao|, 2verdad?

Sois ingleses, 2verdad?
The absence
o;f
subject pronouns is ex!>lained below.
tr5
The or
to'yor.
Us
Us
The
So
(e) Expressing possessioz. - gra?rrvvtar ref 2(io)

To say 'my' in Spanish, use the word 'mi' with any singular noun:
*...
b,ste es mr nuo.
The plural form is 'mis':

Mis hr.;os estn en lnglaterra.
Mis |laves estn aqu.
To
say 'your', use the word
So
To
This is my wife.
This is my son.
staes mi mu.;er
My children are in England

My keys are here'
'su'with any singular noun:
2Tiene usted su pasaporte?

Su habitacin est aqu'
Do you have your passport?

Your room is here.
G)A
You u
upside
imposr
Ht
In Spa
Es
Your children are in England.

Your keys are here.
(fl Expressing identity - grarnrnar ref
T
I
yo
you (familiar form, sing.)
IU
he
she
ella
usteo
6 MASTERING.SPINISH
In
spet
the qu
hasas
7(i)
Subject pronouns I, you, he, she, we, you, they

as follows:
you (polite form, sing.)
ex1
5o
The plural form is 'sus':

Sus ht.'1os estn en IngIaterra
Sus |laves estn aqu.
a<
the me
- do
Us
exist in Spanish and are
2E
Su
2E
Anoth,
erally r
Us
tri
to
we
you {familiar [orm, pl.)

tsed:
they
you (polite form,
pl.)
nosotros,/as
vosotros,/as
ellos,/as
ustedes
However, they are rarely used, and it is the form of the verb, and particularly
the ending, which tells you who or what is the subject of the verb:
Js. '
: second
plural to
Soy ingls.
Eres francs
Es aIemn'
Es alemana.
I'm English.
You're French (sing.).
He's German.
She's German.
The only subject pronouns regularly used are 'usted' and 'ustedes' which refer
to 'you' in the singular and the plural:
Usted es ing|s'
Ustedes son ingleses.
You're E,nglish (sing.).

You're English (pl.).
The adjectives of nationality agree with the person described and change from
the masculine form to the feminine if the Derson described is female:
Soy ing|s'
Soy inglesa.
I'm English (man speaking).

I'm English (woman speaking).
To express where you are from, use the following:

Soy de York
['m from York.
(g) Ashing questions

You will have noticed that a question in Spanish starts with a question mark
upside down and ends with one the right way up. This is because it is often
impossible to invert the verb and subject as we do in Engiish:
He is English
Is he English?
In Spanish this becomes:

Es ingls.
2Es ing|s?
In speech, the question is recognised from the tone of voice and in writing from
the question mark upside down which shows a question has started. If the verb
has a subject, it is possible to form the question as in English.
Usted es francs'
and are
2Es usted francs7

Su h1o est aqu.
2Est su hi1o aqu?
You're French.
Are you French?
Your son is here.
Is your son here?
Another simple way to form a question is to use the word'2verdad?', which literally means 'truth?' and turns any sentence into a question.
Usted es e| seor Gmez, 2verdad? You're Mr Gmez, aren't you?
Esta mu.1er es espaola, 2verdad? This woman is Spanish, isn't she?
BUENos DAS. C)MO EST USTED?
Other questions can be formed using question words:
Who?
2ouin?
2ouin es usted?
2Cunto?
2Cunto vale7
$ho are you?

How much?
How much does it cost?
2Cmo?
How?
One,
2ou7
2ou es7
What?
How is it written?
2Cmo se escribe7
(h)
What is it?
So.yinS ushere sornething
is'gratnrnar ref 8
.estn' if more than one tlring is meant:

To say where something is, use .est' or
Where is the bar?

Here it is.
Where are your children?
They're in Madrid.
2Dnde est e| bar7
Aqu est.
2Dnde estn sus h1os7
Estn en Madrid.
(k)
If a n
(i) Indicating sornething or so?neone using 'this' - gratnrnar ref
2(zt)
Esta mujer es francesa.

Este hombre es ingls.
This woman is French.

This man is English.
To say 'this' or 'this one', simply leave out the noun.

stees mi
sta es mi
hr-1o.
mu.;er.
This is my Son.
This is my wife.
(j) Nurnbers 1-20 - gra??Lrnar ref 3

Several numbers occur in the dialogues, and here are the numbers 1 20:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
12
13
L4
15
B
uno [un hombre, una

dos
tres
cuatro
cinco
seis
siete
ocho
nueve
diez
once
doce
trece
catorce
quince
MASTERING S'PINIS/
mu.;er)
I
If a n
L.
L;
Therr
EI
C
Th,
t4
.F
ot
Exer
Play t
will hr
PoIic;
Usted
Polic;
Usted
Polic.
Usted
16
17
18
l9
20
diecisis
diecisiete
dieciocho
diecinueve
veinte
One ordinal number occurs, and here are the ordinals lst to 5th:
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
s meant:
primero/a (el primer piso' |a primera habitacin)

segundo/a
tercero/a (el tercer piso, |a tercera habitacin)
cuarto
quinto
(k) Singular and plural - grarrtrnar ref
If a noun ends in a vowel, the plural is formed by adding an '-s':
Mi h|o est aqu'
My son is here.
My sons (children) are here.
Mis hi.1.os estn aqu.

La ||ave est en la mesa.
Las llaves estn en |a mesa.
nar ref
The key is on the table.

The keys are on the table.
If a noun ends in a consonant, the plural is formed by adding '-es':

La habitacin e5 muy bonita.
The room is very nice.
Las habitaciones son muy bonitas. The rooms are very nice.
Therefore, you not only see but also hear all plurals in Spanish.
Exercises
a
l:
The keg to these exercises begins on p. 292
r4
oFo r students
(\ )
Exercise
who wish to acquire a basic knowledge of Spanish.
t Arriving in Spain
Piay the part of Mr Robinson in the following dialogue. The clues in English
will help you to remember the Spanish.
Polica. Buenos das. Su pasaporte' por

Usted; (Sa1t here you are.)
favor.
Po|ica: Usted
Usted:
es ingls, iverdad?
(Say that's right.)
Usted:
(Say this
Polica: Y' iquin es esta

is
seora?
your wife, Joan Robinson.)
aUENo.s DiAs' iCoMO EsT U\TED?
Po|ica: 4Cunto tiempo van ustedes
Usted:
(Salt three weeks.)
Usted:
(Say goodbye.)
a estar en Espaa?
Po|ica: Muy bien. Gracias. Adis.
(
\
Exer,
Exercise 2 At the hotel

Play yourself in the following dialogue; greet the receptionist, identifii yourself
and spell your name.
ReceDCionista: Buenosdas.
Usted: (Sa1 good norning. You
Ask if
Exam;
IH;
f
are
Mr/Mrs/Miss... Ask
i;f
she has a room reserued
in your name.)
Recepcionista: ;Cmo
Usted.
4Us
55u
se escribe su nombre?
(SPell your name.)
I t-
3Hi
4Mr
5N(
Recepcionista: Una habitacin con bao por cinco das, ;verdad?
Usted: (Sayyes,
that's right.)

la llave.
Usted: (Sa1 nrur4t thanks.)
ReceDCionista: Austed.
Exercise
Greeting peoPle
Lpez: Mucho
gusto) seor (seora, seorita).
E|
seor
E|
seor Lpez: staes mi mujer, Mara.
Usted;
(Say
the
Pleasure is yours.)
(Say Pleased to meet you.)
Exercise
Talking about yourself
Answer the following questions. (The words in brackets are to be used by

female students.)
1
2
3
4
5
(\ )
2Es usted ing|s (ing|esa)?
2auin es usted7
1Cmo se escribe sU nombre?
2Cunto tiempo Va Usted a estar en Espaa7 (Four weeks)
Usted es francs (francesa)' 1verdad?
Exercise
5 Asking
questions
Convert the following into questions using the word '2verdad?'Example: Usted
es espao|' Usted es espao|' 2verdad?
1
2
iO
For
Exer
($ort
Play yourself in the following dialogue; exchange greetings with various people.
(The words in brackets are to be used by female students.)
Usted:
Usted es ing|s.
sta e5 sU muJer.
MASTERING SPINIS'I
Exam
LtE
3tE
4tE
5tE
Exer
Exam
1Hi
2Ar
3El
4La
5M
Exer
Say al
Exam
l.
2:
3,
4
1l
3
t+
( )
\
z
yourself
Ask if something belongs to someone.

Example: Pasaporte. 2Es ste sU pasaporte7
:ne usted
Habitacin'
Llave.
Hi1o.
Mu.;er.
Nombre.
For students who uish
Exercise
to progress beyond
a basic knouledge.
Denying that something is true
($7ords in brackets to be used by female students.)

Example: iEs usted espaol? No' no soy espao|'
l
2
3
4
5
s people.
Possessions
Exercise
1
2
3
4
5
reserz-ted
stosson sus h1os.

Usted est de vacaciones.
Su nombre es Juan en espao|
2Es usted ir|ands (ir|andesaJ7

2Es usted
de
Yorl<7
zEs usted e| seor Brown [|a seora Brown)7

2Es usted arquitectoT
2Es Usted espao| (espao|a)?
Exercise 8 |ntroducing PeoP|e to each othe

Example: Mu-;er. iPuedo presentarle a mi mu-;er7
1
2
3
4
5
used by
(
\
rle: Usted
Hr.1o.
Amigo.
seor Brown.
La seora Loez'
Marido.
E|
Exercise
Number Practice
Say aloud the complete sum.

Example: 2 * 2 = 4. Dos y dos son cuatro
| 3+3 = 6
2 5 +6 = 11
3 4+9 =13
4 7 +8 = 15
5 l0+2 =12
6
7
8
9
10
9+7
8+6
9+8
l0+8
=
=
=
=
10+10 =
16
L4
L7
18
20
BUENos nas. ptwo EST UTED? l i
(
\
Exercise
IO
Enelt
Asking where things and people are
Listen
Example: El bar 2Dnde est e| bar?
l
2
3
4
5
1 !h
2 Istl
3 For
4Wh
La habitacin'
La llave.
Su muJer.
Su hr.1o.
El taxi.
tJl fc"'
2Comprende usted e| espao| habla do?
(Readil
E]
(Listening exercises)
$hat
lono in
;Crno se escribe?
Listen to the tape and write down how these Spaniards spell their names. Then
check your answers on page 294.
I
2
3
4
Un,
Un,
Un,
Un,
Listen to the tape again and write down the names of famous Spaniards as they
are spelled out for you.
Which
tences
Listen to the tape. Write down as figures the numbers you hear. For example,
you hear 'once' you will write I 1.
if
The last of the listening exercises in every chapter consists of authentic listening
material - that is, unscripted conversations between native speakers who are
speaking at their normal speed. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions in English. It is not necessary to understand every word to be able to
understand the message and answer the questions successfully. You may need
to use your dictionary to understand key words.
The following procedure may help:
I
2
3
4
|2
Listen to the conversation and study the quesrions.

Listen to the conversation again, and pause the tape when you feel you are
able to answer the irst question.
Continue until you have answered all the questions.
Listen again, correct your answers if necessary, and then check your answers
with those found at the back of the book.
MASTERING sPlN1.l
1La
2La
)Ld
4La
trorr1
(Puzz\t
t4
Sopa
Unsct
the fig'
Examtr
lc
2t
En el hotel
Listen to the tape, and answer the questions in English.
1
2
3
4
\7hat type of
room does the man want?

Is there a room free, and where is it?
For how long does he need the room?
Which document does the receptionist ask for?
.comprende usted e| espaol escrito?

(Reading exercises)
r4
$hat are the customers asking for? \7rite down what they want and for how
long in each of the sentences below.
les. Then
2
3
ls as they
Una
Una
Una
Una
habitacin individua| con bao por siete das

habitacin doble con ducha por nueve das.
habitacin con bao por dos semanas.
habitac|n individua| Con bao por tres dias.
Which room? !rite down the number and floor of the room in each of the sentences below.
lample,
if
listening
who are
the ques-
e able to
nay need
l
2
3
4
La
La
La
La
habitacin
habitacin
habitacin
habitacin
nmero
nmero
nmero
nmero
trece en e| segundo piso.

tres en e| primer piso.
diecisis en e| tercer piso.

Veinte en e| Cuarto piso.
Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)
td
Sopa de nrneros (Nuntber soup)
:l
you are
answers
Unscramble the mixed-up numbers and write them out correctly together with
the figure.
Example: noec = o|'lC = l l.
I
2
oacurt
tiese
BUENos oas. puo EST USTED? l3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
l0
acoterc
crete
evinet
ceinqu
envue
occin
Q:
steeediici
izde
tEt
t-t
Serpiente de letras (Letter snake)
Start with the letter set in bold and, moving from letter to letter in any direction
you choose, find the question and answer.
OROMA
BALLL
E MC E
R A 05
TUMOM
OS T E
L
E
[-
D?
I'i
W
La famil
Dialo
Diatog
The Ro
their or,
Camare
pari
se
14 MASTERING SPIN/SI
Tiene usted familia?
ldentification: descriptions of oneself

and family
direction
:,':.
tr
q
*
'r*:,
La familia en el jardin
Dialogues
Dialogue
The Robinsons and the Lpezes are sitting in a Madrid caf. The waiter brtngs
their order.
Un caf con leche para el seor Lpez, un caf solo

para |a seora Lpez, una cerveza para este seory un vino blanco para la
Camarero: Vamos
a ver'
seora.
.TIENE USTED FAMILIA? I5
KI
Dialogt
Robert F
to take
England
<
Juan
L5
Robert:
IngL
Juan
L1
Robert.
Juan L;
Robert:
:'s
Juan
-Wffi #,-'*'
nP.
r'i
:'x
Lp
Robert:
habi
Ju.an L
$rr$
f
,;
vocd
vamos
En
Ia
terraza
-J.
Allan Cash
Loez: Gracias.
Lpez: ;E,s usted
Joan Robinson: S, soy
Juan
Maria
Mara Lpez,: Y,
de York, Juana?
de York.
;cmo es la ciudad de York?
Joan Robinson: Pues, es bastante grande. Tiene unos cien mil habitantes.
Mara Lpez: 1Qu interesante! ;Tiene usted hijos?
Joan Robinson: S, tengo dos, un hijo y una hija.
Mara Lpez: iCmo se llaman?
Joan Robinson: El hijo se llama David. Tiene veintin aos y es estudiante en
la universidad de Manchester. La hija se llama Barbara, tiene veinticinco
aos y est casada. Su marido es mdico en el hospita1 de York.
Mara Lpez: Entonces usted es abuela, ;verdad?
Joan Robinson: No, todava no. Mi hija no tiene hijos.
Mara Lpez. 4Trabaja usted, o es ama de casa?
Joan Rob|nson: S, trabajo. Soy profesora de matemticas en un instituto de
York.
Mara Lpez: 1Matemticas! Las matemticas son muy difciles' ino?
Joan Robinson: ;Qu va! Son muy fciles'
I6 MASTERING SPINISI
e| caf
e| caf t
e| caf s
para
la cerve
el vino
blanco./
la ciuda
pues
bastant
9ranae,
unos/ul
cien
mil
el habit
iqu +
interesz
la hr.1a
llamarsr
se llam.
se llami
veintiut
e| ao
ellla es
la unlv(
Kl
Diatogue 2
Robert Robinson and Juan Lpez are business associates and Juan Lpez needs
to take down some details about Mr Robinson to be able to contact him in
England and in Madrid.
Lpez: ;Cul es su direccin en York, Roberto?

Robert: Sesenta y cuatro Bootham - B-o-o-t-h-a-m - Bootham Road, York,
Juan
Inglaterra.
Juan Lpez: Y sta es su oficina, .verdad?

Robert: S, eso es.
Juan Lpez: ;Tiene telfono?
Robert: S; el nmero de telfono es 0l904 389256.
Juan Lpez: Gracias. ;Y su telfono aqu en Madrid?'
Robert' IJn momento. Estoy en el Hotel Bristol. El telfono es 22..43:79' y
habitacin es el nmero doce.
Ju.an Lpez: Muchas gracias.
i*
iii
,,.
|a
.1t"
'.lr'..r.
....:.;.al
u:t'll:
t
rllan Cash
Vocabulary
vamos a ver
e| caf
e| caf con |eche
e| caf solo
para
la cerveza
liante en
inticinco
tituto de
see
caf' coffee
white coffee
black coffee
for
el vino
beer
wine
white
pues
bastante
weli, then
quite, rather, enough
blanco/a/os/as
la ciudad
ntes.
let's
grande/s
unos/unas
cien
mil
el habitante
iqu + adjective!
interesante/s
la ht.ya
llamarse
se llaman
se llama
veintiuno (veintin)
e|
ao
el,/la estudiante
la universidad
city
big
some, about
hundred
thousand
inhabitant
how * adjective!
interesting
daughter
to be called
they are called
he/she is called (his/her name is)
twenty-one
year
student
universiry
.TIENE USTED FAMILIA? I1
veinticinco
casado/a/os/as
el marido
e| mdico
el hospital
entonces
la abuela
todava
todava no
twenty-five
married
husband
Faldar
(ii) Adier
doctor
hospital
Un hc
Una c
Homb
then
grandmother
yet
not yet
Habit;
to work
traba-1ar
Adjectives
do you work?
housewife
2trabala usted?
el ama de casa
trabaJo
el profesor/la profesora
Ias matemtiCas
el instituto
difci|/es
two.
I work
If these en
Este h
Est S.
Los hr
Las m
difficult
not at all!
|a direccin
ci|/es
easy
address
la oficina
office
el telfono
telephone
sesenta y cuatro
qi
vtrr-fnr r r
However,
Iam
estoy
Este
Esta
gralnlar su?nma|y)
In Chapte
to which the
gramnar
re;t'erences
refer, begins on p. 342.
(a) Indicating that sornething is destinedfor sorneone

'Para' is used to show that somethins is destined for someone.
Un caf Con |eche para Usted
Tengo un recado para usted.
A whire coflee for you.

I've got a message for you.
(b) Describing things or people - gratntttar ref 2

Adjectives in Spanish agree with the noun they describe - that
is, if the noun is
follows:
(i) Adjectives which end in 'o'

Un vino blanco
Una habitacin b|anca
MASTERING sPlN1s1
2lv
22v
23v
24v
25v
A white wine (masc. and sing.)

A white room (fem. and sing.)
The numl
written
feminine the adjective will have a feminine ending, and if the noun is plural the
adjective will have a plural ending. The way these endings are formed is as
IB
(c) Iun
Explanations
The
Estos
Estas
tD For supplententary z.tocabulary lists see p. 285.
You'
(iii) Adjr
teacher
mathematics
secondary school
;qu va|
f
LdI)lLt
as
30 tl
34 tr
40c
42c
50c
59c
60s
66s
70s
Zapatos blancos
Faldas blancas
(ii) Adfectives which
\X/hite shoes (masc. and pl.)
White skirts (fem. and pl.)

end in anything else
Un hombre grande
Una ciudad grande
Hombres grandes
Habitaciones grandes
A big man (masc. and sing.)

A big city (fem. and sing.)
Big men (masc. and pl.)
Big rooms (fem. and pl.)
Adjectives which end in '-o' are seen to have four forms, and others have only
two. You will also note that adjectives are usually placed after the noun.
(iii) Adiectives
of nationality
If these end in '-o' they behave as the examples listed above:
Este hombre es italiano.

Esta seora es rusa.
Los hombres son argentinos.

Las mujeres son chilenas.
This man is Itaiian.

This lady is Russian.
The men are Argentinian.
The women are Chilean.
However, if they end in a consonant they still have four forms:

Este hombre es a|emn'
Esta mujer es alemana.
Estos hombres son franceses.
Estas seoras son portugUesas.
(c) Nurnbers 21-100 -
This man is German.

This woman is German.
These men are French.
These ladies are Portuguese.
gra??x??xar ref 3
In Chapter I you learned the numbers 1 20. Flere are the numbers 2l-100:
n
p. 342.
2I
22
23
24
25
Veintiuno(.veintin'before
masc. noun)
veintids
veintitrs
veinticuatro
veinticinco
26
27
28
29
30
veintisis
veintisiete
veintiocho
veintinueve
trernta
The numbers l-29 are written as one word, but numbers greater than 30 are
written as lhree words.
noun rs
plural the
med is as
re
o)
r.)
30
34
40
42
50
59
60
66
7O
treinta
treinta y cuatro
7\
cuarenta
cuarenta y dos
cincuenta
cincuenta y nueve
80
83
90
95
100
sesenta
sesenta y seis
setenta
ll6
setenta uno
ocnenta
ocnenta y tres
noventa
noventa y cinco
ciento (but 'cien'when
exactly 100 is referred to:
cien hombres = 100 men)
ciento diecisis
TIENE USTED FAMILIA?
19
Soy
Telephone numbers in Spanish are usually given as patrs:

treinta y cuatro.cincuenta Y
34:56:89
seis:ochenta Y nueve
If you are not sure exactly how many you wish to refer to, you can render
number imprecise by placing 'unos' or 'unas' before it:
Mis I
a
@) Gi"
g7"a7n7n
Ie's twenty years old.
Tiene Veinte aos.

FIe's about twenty years old.
T|ene unos Ve|nte aos.
El hotel tiene treinta habitaciones. The hotel has got thirty rooms'
The hotel has got around thirty
El hotel tiene unas treinta
habitaciones.
This regr
this one
Spanish
rooms'
z;,:ith the
Trab;
aerb 'tener' - grQtttrrtar
2Tral
S' tr;
This irreguiar verb is used to express possession:

Tengo dos ht.1os.
Juan tiene tres huas.
Mara no tiene su ||ave.
The first
ends in '-
I've got two children.

John has three daughters.
Mary has not got her keY.
'you',
Trab;
Uste(
I'm forty-two years old.

John is fifty years old.
Mary is twenty-ive years old'
(h) Gia
ref 8
(e) Gir:ing your na7vle zt:ith the oerb 'llsntQrse' - gra?nnlqr

re 7 (iii)
You have already learned how to give your name) using 'soy'
verb, you express 'I'm called . . .'
+ name'
You saw
is. The vr
With this
Ztr5|"<
S. es
Mi hi
2Cmo se |lama usted7

IJhat's your name? (How do you call yourselP)
Me ||amo Paco Gonz|ez'

My name's Paco Gonzlez. (I call myself Paco Gonzlez')
2Cmo se ||ama su h1jo?
$7hat's your son's name? (How is your son called?)
5e llama David.
His name is David. (He's called David.)
your job uith the rserb ,ser, . gra77x?rar ref 7(a)
To give your job simply use 'soy'
missed out in the Spanish sentence.

Soy profesor.
Soy emPleado de oficina.
20 MASTERING SPINISI
anr
Trab.
age:
Tengo Cuarenta y dos aos.

Juan tiene cincuenta aos'
Maria tiene veinticinco aos.
(fl Giaing
2Dr
(d) Indicating possession

refs 7(ii), (iz:)
lt is also used to express
Mi m
Mi m
+ name of your iob. The word 'a' or 'an' is
Exerci
a
The kt
[4
Exercis
Play the
Mara L1
I'm a teacher.
I'm an office-worker.
Usted:
Mara L1
I'm a mechanic.
My husband's a dentist.
My wife is a housewife.
My children are students.
Soy mecnico.
Mi marido es dentista
Mi
n render
mu.1er es
ama de casa.
Mis hr.;os son estudiantes.

a
@) GiainS your plsce of uoork uoith the aerb 'trsbajar' -
gra?tlt?Lar ref 7(i)

d.
This regular '-ar' verb can serve as a model for all such verbs and, in iearning
this one verb, you will have learned how to handle literally thousands of
)ms.
hirty
Spanish verbs.
$7here do you work?

I work in an office.
1Dnde trabaJa Usted?

Traba.lo en una oficina.
1Trabala su muJerT
5, traba.1a en Un instituto.
Does your wife work?

Yes, she works in a school.
The first person (I = yo) ends in '-o' and the third person (he/she = ellella)
ends in '-a'. The third person is also used with the pronoun 'usted' to refer to
'you', and thus the pattern so far
Traba-1o
I work
Traba1a
He/she works
Usted trabaJa
You work
(h) GioinS your cioil ststus ztsith the aerb 'estar' - grqtnntar
ref 8
td.
You saw in Chapter 1 that .est' and .estn' are used to say where Something
is. The verb is also used to express being married:
LAr
:.
is:
With this
iEst usted casado?

Si. estoy casado.
Mi
ht.1a
no est casada.
Are you married? A man is speaking

Yes, I'm married.
My daughter is not married.
Exercises
a The key
tE
't:)
t' or 'an' is
t\')
Exercise
to these exercises begins on
p. 295.
Talking about yourself
Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue.
Mara Lpez: ;Es usted de York, Juana?

Usted: (Say yes, you are from York.)
Mara Lpez: Y, icmo es la ciudad de York?
:IIENE USTED
FAMILIA?
21
Usted: (Say well ir's fairly big. It has about 100 000 inhabitants.)
Mara Lpez: 1Qu interesante! iTiene usted hijos?
Usted: (Say ltou have tuo, a sttn and a daughter.)
Mara Lpez' iCmo se llaman?
Usted: (Say the son is called Datid. He is 21 ltears old and is a
studettt at
the Uniz;ersity of Manchester. The daughter is called Barbara, is 25 years old and
is ntarried. Her husband is a doctor i'L York Hospital.)
Mara Lpez: Entonces usted es abuela, 4verdad?
Usted: (Scry no, not yet. Your daughter doesn't haae turyt children.)
Mara Lpez: 4Trabaja usted?

Usted: (Say;les, you work. Yoy're
a teacher
o.f
1l Else
12 Nol
13 El se
14 ESt
15 El nt
Exercise
2 Giving
information about youself
Play the part of Robert Robinson in the following dialogue.
Juan Lpez: ;Cul es su direccin en York, Roberto?

Usted: (Say 64 Bootham Road. Spell it. Add Yorle, England.)
Juan Lpez: Y sta eS Su oficina, 4verdad?
Usted: (Sayye.s, that's right.)

Juan Lpez: .Tiene telfono?
Usted: (Gite ltottr phone number 0901 389255.)
Juan Lpez: Gracias. 4Y su telfono aqu en Madrid?
Usted: (Say one n1o?nent. You are at the Bristol Hotel.
The phone nuntber is
22:43:79, and the room nunber is 12.)
Juan Lpez; Muchas gracias.
Now repeat the exercise but giving genuine answers rather than playing the part
of Robert Robinson.
Exercise
True or false?
Read or listen to the dialogues again and then mark each of these statements
true or false.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Joan Robinson es de York.

York es una ciudad bastante grande.
Yorl< tiene clncuenta mil habltantes.
La seora Robinson tiene tres huos.
Su hljo se |lama David y es mdico.
Su h|ja se ||ama Barbara y est Casada.
La seora Robinson no trabaia.
22
MASTERING SPINISH
E| caf so|o es
Example:
1 Laha
2 El esp
3 La gri
4 Yorl<
5 Laha
rnathenrutics in a school in York.)
Now repeat the exercise but giving genuine answers rather than playing the part
of Joan Robinson.
(\)
Exercis
Exercis
Example:
l E| se
2 Soyp
3 El hor
4 La se
5 El hor
Exercis
Say alouc
Example:
3
4
5
17+
z1
64+
37+
52+
para el seor LpeZ.
La Cerveza es para |a seora Lpez.

E| vino bIanco es para Ia seora Robinson.
Exercis
Answer
Example:
1
2
3
iTien,
2Tien,
lTien'
11
|2
13
|4
15
studert at
seor Robinson tiene una oficina en Bootham en Yor|<.

No tiene te|fono en su oficina.
E| seor Robinson est en e| Hotel Cristina en Madrid.
Est en |a habitacin nmero doce.
El nmero de te|fono es veintids, Cuarenta y tres, setenta y nueve
E|
:ars old and
t\)
ng the part
e)
t',
\
ng the part
Example:
t'\
5
EI
Giving people3 nationality
seor es ingls. 2Y su
mu.1er7 Es ingIesa.
seor es a|emn. 2Y su h1a7

Soy portugus' iY mi mu.1er7
El hombre es italiano. 2Y su h1o7
La seora es inglesa. 2Y su marido?
E| hombre es espao|. 2Y su abue|a7
E|
Exercise
Number Practice
Say aloud the complete sum.

Example: 23 + 34 = 57. Veintitrs y treinta y cuatro son cincuenta y siete
I
2
3
4
5
statements
La habitacin es grande. 2Y |a ciudad?

E| espaol es fci|. iY e| ing|s?
La gramtica es difci|. 2Y e| vocabulario?
York es interesante. 2Y Madrid?
La habitacin es blanca. 2Y |a fa|da?
Exercise
1
2
3
4
5
number is
Describing things
E.xample: E| vino es b|anco. 2Y |a habitacin? Es b|anca
1
2
3
4
5
in York.)
Exercise
L7+29=46
2I+12=33
64+31=95
37+12=49
52+17=69
Exercise
6
7
8
9
10
25+27=52
45+37=82
7)+ J= lJ
57+63=120
45+55=100
Possessions
Answer all five questions positively.

Example: iTiene usted dos ht.,1os7 S' tengo dos
I
2
3
h1jos.
2Tiene usted tres htiasT
2Tiene usted una casaT
2Tiene usted te|fono en 5U casa?
.TIENE USTED FAMILIA? 23
4
5
One
Zcuntas habitaciones tiene su casa?

2Tiene usted cuarenta aos?
Choo
The s
The c
What
Now repeat the exercise, but give genuine answers'

Example: 2Tiene usted dos h1jos? S' tengo dos h1jos.
No, no tengo dos hi.l'os, tengo un ht.1o.
Exercise
Spani
Ta|king about youse|f
Answer the following questions genuinely.

Example: 2Cmo se llama usted7 Me l|amo
1 2Cmo se l|ama Usted?

2 2Cuntos aos tiene usted7
3 tDe dnde es usted?
4 iEs usted empleado (empleada)
5 2Trabala usted en una oficina?
iTiene Usted htjos?
7 2Cmo se |laman?
8 1ou son sus ht'ios7
9 2Trabala su mu.;er?
l0 4Dnde trabaJa su mu-1er?
de oficinaT
Mi Fanilia
Listen to the tape and write down details of the speakers' families. (You may
need to use the supplementary vocabulary list on page 285.)
lTiene usted hijos?

Listen to the tape and answer the questions in English.
24
Does the woman have any children?

\shat are they?
How old are they?
Where are they studying?
MASTERING SPINIS/
(a)
(b)
(c)
+ name'
4Comprende usted e| espaol hablado?
I
2
3
4
(dere
com
(Reading
r4
Uns ot
Look at t
the top c
for each:
One of thern is studying languages (lenguas) and the other is studying law
(derecho). But which one is studying which subiect?
Choose their names from the three given:
The son: (a) Gonzalo (b) Jorge (c) Juanito.
The daughter: (a) Pilar (b) Piedad (c) Pepita.
S7hat does the man think about these names? Select what he says from these
Spanish phrases:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Me parecen unos nombres muy . muy bonitos.

Me parecen unos nombres muy . . muy interesantes.
Me parecen unos nombres muy . . ' muy espao|es'
2Gomprende usted el espaol escrito?

(Reading exercises)
r4
Una
farnilia bastante rars.
Look at the pictures below and the descriptions of the members of this family at
the top of the next page. !rite down the number and the corresponding letter
for each member of the familv.
(f)
(You may
+
t
l',t,
al
aa
I
ffi
._i(J
,
TIENE USTED
FAMILIA?
25
z
3
Tiene unos veinte aos. Es alto, gordo y muy feo' Tiene e| pelo muy Corto.
Es muy alto y delgado. Es muy viejo. Es el abuelo de la familia.
Tiene unos treinta y cinco aos. Es de estatura media. Tiene e| pelo muy
targo.
4
5
Romp
(Puzzles)
rl
Tiene unos Cuarenta aos. Es muy bajo y muy gordo'

Es vie.1a. Tiene unos setenta aos. Es bajay bastante gorda'
Es1oven' Tiene unos quince aos. Es a|ta, de|gada y guapa'
Loo kattl
may need
tEl
NI\
Uno carta de un arnigo espaol
Read the following letter and then answer the questions in English.
Modrid
QueriJo amlo:
,3
d.e
*y"
n'to p,mera carta , k vo,1 a &cic cmo s,1 .-kny 1,e;,h 1res
arros . Sry kslqnle al*a \ clel.loJo ,1 mis am-gqs dlc.n 1r,a-soy
in+"y'g."*e. Sy dz |1a&;J' 1vivme(
baslaqk' qwry \ ila^b;
'.
&'"h
cercq
az1o
ct.niro
L"pftot
?nrLa dt! o?'. No estoyJcagdq.
M sov Irpi,o*,te espoiola,91',n1o e? peb ruio ,t losiios qzobs.
.|,"u^
e" la o1icirla,ao ,no,,o-ftafu L inyorlaaY1e.,rhc;or, en
ttu
Ar",o?,,.
fsc,ik* 7^h ,. rrxnchre crna 1oto.

I)g ab'.zo, 'J'"Io Josodq,.
TT
BR
PI
ON
DC
o\
NI
tc
TZ
ET
1Quin
Who is
equivalen
I How old is Lola?

2 Vhat is she like?
3 Where does she live in Madrid?
4 Is she married?
5 What colour are her hair and eyes?
Where does she work?
26 MASTERINGSPINIS1
I El pa<
2 El her
3 Mimz
.1 La
5 El hr.;c
hr_1,
muy corto.
I
pelo muy
Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)
t4
Look at the Wordsquare and try to find twelve words to do with the family. You
may need to use the supplementary vocabulary list on page 285.
NM
AA
TT
BR
PI
OM
DO
ON
NI
t(es
to
"o)
,vme(
TZ
aclq,.
trT
qzubs'tn en
if".
TE
IX
AL
CL
FF
ULr
IZ
IN
A
TI
MO
HE
INHC.)
OUP
I S OL T E R
OZPADREB
I K DE L MF
A MI
L I A P
BKNORNER
UPRIMAPE
EJSTAUVW
LBCEDPOD
R B P
OMNJ
RTEIERSE
RMANOBIK
O
R
1Quin es?
$ho is being defined here? Write down the Spanish word and the English
equivalent.
1
2
3
4
5
El padre de mi padre es mi . .
EI hermano de mi padre es mi . .
Mi madre y mi padre son mis . .
La hija de mi madre es mi . .
E| ht.;o de mi to es mi . .
.
TIENE USTED FAMILIA? 27
triarol
2cmo es su ciudad?
Describing places and things
Diatost
Mr Robi
Robert:
lsabel.
Robert:
lE,str
lsabel:
mon
Robert:
lsabel:
Robert:
lsabel:
Robert:
lsabel:
Robert:
lsabel:
Robert;
El note
cst
SANTANDER
{^
..-=-^),-1' 1:l"r:;ffi'"sEBAsrhN
'7
\.'
Eloeste
\^{y\
ot
'"
uo'ao,
EUR.PA
,,
lsabel:
'-^
C -, )'^'3f -'\
yla
BARCLONA
.MADRID
'roLEDo
.\
) -^natoZ
.,.uooNo,
q
o.tr,o; \\
cRlpTAN^
_/
._.
ono
urcasrr
'I
GRANADA
AGA,
nlt\u ..-^
lvv
/*
{
.'^ 4millones..:1']::::":
o:,:*'::"t"'
I
:
a
sur
Un mapa de Espaa
28 MASTERING
MENoRC
ttesteSY\
'lsewos/
xx .u^r-'*.^ ,".uJ
t'!.--lt^r
- r)
El
(.
SPINIS-1
*"
"n"'
ooo'noonunt"t
'oo
.nn
oo0- hat]itantes
)Uv."-
aqn o00 habitantes
iI L>'""-] "tn
habitantes
(q O0O habitantes
Dialogues
Dialogue
Mr Robinson has an appointment with Juan Lpez and goes to his office'
Robert: Buenos das. Soy el seor Robinson'
|sabe|: Buenos das' seor Robinson. 4Cmo est usted?

Robert: Muy bien, gracias. Tengo una cita con el seor Lpez a las diez.
;Est?
|sabe|: S, est, pero est ocupado. Est con un cliente. iQuiere Sentarse un
momento?
Robert: Gracias.
lsabel: Usted es de York, lverdad?
Robert: Eso es.
|sabe|: ;Dnde est York? ;Est cerca de Londres?

Robert: No. E'st muy lejos de Londres en e1 norte de Inglaterra.
|sabe|: Y, ;cmo es York? Es una ciudad pequea, ;verdad?
Robert: No, es bastante grande y muy antigua.
|sabe|: ;Qu negocio tiene usted en York, seor Robinson?
Robert: Tengo tres tiendas de recuerdos. Una est en e1 centro de York; otra
est en Harrogate, una ciudad a unos cuarenta ki1metros al norte de York;
y la tcrcera est en la costa, en una ciudad que Se llama Scarborough.
|sabe|: iQu bienl Y su hotel aqu en Madrid, .est bien?
En la oficina de objetos Perdidos
puo Es sU CIUDAD?
29
Robert: Est muy bien, gracias' La habitacin es muy grande y muy bontta.
lsabel. ;Y las comidas?
Robert; Las comidas son cxcelentcs y los camarros S()n muy simpticos.
|sabe|: ;Ah! El seor Lpez est libre ahora.lDon Juanl E1 seor Robinson est
aqu. Tiene una cita con usted a las diez.

Juan Lpez: Buenos das, Roberto. iCmo est? Pase. Pase.
Dialogue 2
On her irst shopping trip in Madrid Mrs Robinson has unfortunately left her
handbag in a taxi. She goes to the taxi drivers' lost property office la oficina
de ob.;etos Perdidos.
Empleado: Vamos
Joan.
Eso
es.
Emp|eado: 4Cmo
)oan:
a ver.
Un bolso, lverdad?
zqulere + \
sentarse (it
idnde?
cerca oe
el norte
pequeo/;
antiguo/at
el negocto
la tienda
el recuerd,
la tienda c
Ia fbrica
el taller
el centro
otro/a
e| |<i|metr
es el bolso, grande o pequec.r?
la costa
Pues, cs bastante grande.

Emp|eado: Y, 4de qu es? ;De piel o de plstico?
Joan: Es de piel.
Emp|eado: 4De qu color es?
Joan: Marrn y negro.
Emo|eado: Un bolso bastante grande marrn y negro y de piel. iE.s ste su
bolso?
Joan: S, creo que s' Gracias.
Emp|eado: lJn momento' por favor, seora. 4Qu hay en el bolso?
Joan: Hay mi pasaporte' un pasaporte ing1s a nombre <le Robinson' unos
que
bonito/a/(
la comida
Emp|eado. 4De qu banco son los cheques?

Joan: Del Banco Midland. Despus hay un pauelo, perfume
Emp|eado: 1Algo ms?
e| p|st|co
cheques de viajero'
)oan:
S, hay unos guantes.

Emp|eado: 4De qu color son los guantes?
Joan: Songrises.
..
YdePiel.
Joan:
E.ntonces, ste es su bolso, seora.

Muchas gracias.
Joan:
Adis.
Emp|eado'
Empleado: De nada, seora. Adis.
'
excelente/
el camarel
simptico,,
libre/s
pase
el bolso
la piel
de piel
de plstict
el color
:Aa ntt
avL YvL
rr
marrn/o
negro/a/c
creo
creo que
nay
el cheque
el cheque
el banco
e| paue|'
el perfum
2algo ma.
Vocabulary
I have
ren9o
appointment, date
busy, occupied
customer
la cita
ocupado/a/os/as
el cliente
3o MA'TERING
sPlN1s1
los guant
gris/es
de nada
For sup
2quiere
tico s.
>inson est
2dnde?
cerca oe
le.ios de
el norte
pequeo/a/os/as
antiguo/a/os/as
el negocio
la tienda
el recuerdo
la tienda de recuerdos
:ly left her

-la oficina
sentarse
will you + verb?

to sit down
verb?
'bonita.
(ie)
where?
near to
far from
the north
small, little
old, ancient
business
shop
souvenir, memory
souvenir shop
factory
workshop
the centre
another
kilometre
Ia fbrica
el taller
el centro
otro/a
el |<i|metro
la costa
coast
which
que
f:onito/a/os/as
la comida
nice, pleasant (of things)

meal, food
excellent
waiter
nice, pleasant (of people)
excelente,/s
E.s ste su
el camarero
simptiCo/a /os/as
free, unoccupied
libre,/s
Lson, unos
come in
handbag
leather (of gloves, handbags,
garments, etc.)
made of leather
pase
el bolso
la piel
de piel
el p|stico
de p|stico
el color
1de qu co|or7
plastic
made of plastic
colour
what colour?
brown
black
I think, believe
I think so
marrn,/ones
negro/a/os/as
creo
creo que s
nay
el cheque
el cheque de via.lero
el banco
there is, are

cheque
traveller's cheque
e| paue|o
bank
handkerchief
de nada
gloves
grey
not at all, don't mention it
perfume
anything else?
el perfume
2a|go ms?
los 9uantes
gris/es
For supplementary) vocabulary lists
see p.
285.
1COMOESSUCIUDAD? 3l
Geographicr
Explanations
o
The gra,nnlar sumlaly' to which the grammar references refer, begins on p. 312.
(o) The
tuso
aerbs 'to be' - 'ser' and 'estar' - grarrtrttar ref 8
'Ser' is used to express permanent conditions:
profesor.
ing|s.
Es mecnico.
Es grande.
I'm a teacher.
I'm Engiish.
Soy
Soy
He's a mechanic.
He's big.
2Dnde est Madrid?

Madrid est en Espaa.
To express tenpoary conditions

mn e<r t t<rer1?
Fctnrr hipn nrariz<
;
\here is Madrid?
Madrid is in Spain'
Iow are you?
To describe a state which results frorn an action

My sister is married. (She got
Mi hermana est casada.
E|
married = the action. She is

marricd = the state which results
from the action.)
The bank is closed. (The bank closed
= action. The bank is closed = the
state which results.)
banco est cerrado
Valencii
Cceres
Espal
Distances
cr
deM
I am well, thank you.

My father is ill.
Mi padre est enfermo.
el nc
el su
el es
el oe
Santan(
Espa
Sevilla e
Toledo
'Estar' is used for one ofthree reasons:
To express position
En
En
En
En
Segovie
|<i|m
(c) Wordt
A+el=al:
De+el=d
(d) Detai
2Cmo
2De qu
2De qu
(e) Modil
(b) Expressing
ztshere
sornething is - gratnntar ref 8
The verb 'estar' will be used with one of several prepositions:

En
;Dncle esr | ondres7
In, ort
$7here is London?
La ||ave est en |a mesa.
The key is on the table.
F<t: en' "'Y''''-"'"

lnnlsterra
It's in England.
Cerca
I{ear to
cie
To|edo est Cerca de Madrid.

Lejos de
F| |-lanro est |eios de| hote|.
En el centro de
Madrid est en el Centro de
Espaa.
32 MASTERING S'PINISH
Toledo is near to Madrid.

Far fron
The bank is far iom the hotel.
In the centre of
Madrid is in the centre of Spain.
To modifii
Es gran
Es bast;
Es muy
(f) 'Therr
Both these'
Hay un
Hay ml
The word
2ou h
Geographical position can be expressed as follows:

In the north.
In the south.
In the east.
In the west.
En el oeste.
Santander is in the north of
Santander est en e| norte de
Spain.
Espaa.
Seville is in the south of Spain.
Sevi||a est en e| sur de Espaa
Valencia est en e| este de Espaa. Valencia is in the east of Spaln.
Caceres is in the west of Spain.
Cceres est en e| oeste de
Espaa.
En el norte.
,n
En el sur.
En el este.
p. 342.
ref 8
Distances can be expressed as follows:

Toledo est a setenta ki|metros
de Madrid.
Segovia est a noventa
|<i|metros a| norte de Madrid.
(c) Words uthich contrqct

A
el
De + el
lor
is
r results
,-
ank closed
sed = the
al: Est a| norte de

=
del: Est
|e.]os
to
Toledo is seventy kilometres

from Madrid.
Segovia is ninety kilometres to
the north of Madrid.
forrn near u)ords
Madrid.
de| hote|
It is to the north of Madrid.

It is a lons wav from the hotel.
(d) Detailed descriPtions

2Cmo es el bo|so7
2De qu es e| bo|so7
4De qu Co|or es e| bo|so7
$7hat is the handbag like?

$7hat is the handbag made o
What colour is the handbae?
(e) Modifying adjectirses - gra?w7lsr ref 2(iii)

To modify an adjective, one of several words can be used:
Es grande.
Es bastante grande.
Es muy grande.
It is big.
It is quite big.
It is very big.
() ,There is' qnd ,there are' _ gravvnnar ref 10

Both these verbal phrases are expressed by the single worid 'hay':
rtel.
;pa1n.
Hay un bolso en la mesa

Hay muchos turistas en Sevilla.
There is a handbas on the table.

There are a lot of tourists in Seville.
The word also occurs in the greeting:
2ou hay7
F{ow are things?
iCOMO ES SU CIUDAD? 33
Exercise
Exercises
o
Play the pz
tents of the
The key to these exercises begins on p. 297.
Empleado:
Usted:
Exercise
Play the part of
Usted:
(S
traaelle
Intoducing yourse|f
Mr Robinson in
Empleado;
Usted:
the following dialogue.
(Say good morning. Identifu yourself as
|sabel: Buenos das, seor Robinson. iCmo
Mr Robinson.)
Usted:
Empleado:
est usted?
(Say you are fine, and haz.le an appointment with Mr Lpez at 10. Ask if
he is in.)
lsabel: S, est, pero eSt ocupado' Est con un cliente. 4Quiere sentarse un
Usted:
(S
| |.+Â.
/
\
u)Lcu.
Talking about your town
Usted es de York, lverdad?
Exercise
Give genuir
|sabe|: Y, 1cmo es York? Es una ciudad pequea, iverdad?

Used: (Say no. It's fairlg big and uery old.)
1
2
3
4
5
Now repeat the exercise, but give genuine answers about your own town, substituting the name for York.
Exercise
(Say that's right.)
iDnde est York? 1Est cerca de Londres?
(Say no. It's a long way from London in the north of England.)
Exercise
Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue and reclaim your
handbag.
aEssuc
2Essuc
2Es excr
l'
2
2Est
4
5
2Est su
a ver. {Jn bolso, lverdad?
Usted: (Sa3t that's right.)

Empleado: ;Cmo es el bolso, grande
Usted: (Sag well, it's airly big.)
2Es uste
2Es uste
Give genuir
Rec|aiming lost PoPety
Empleado: Vamos
Empleado:
Usted: (S
Play the part of Mr Robinson in the following dialogue.
lsabel:
Usted:
lsabel:
Usted:
(S
Empleado:
momento?
(Say thank you.)
Exercise
Usted:
Empleado:
Usted:
(S
perfumt
o pequeo?
st,
2Est su
;F<t
crl
ZEst sU
Exercise
Emp|eado: Y, ;de qu es? 1De piel o de plstico?
Usted.
Give genuir
Usted.
2
3
4
5
(Sa1" ir's made of leather.)

(Say ir's broun and black.)

Emp|eado: Un bolso bastante grande marrn y negro y de piel.
bolso?
Usted: (Sa1t 3lou think i is, and thank him.)
34 MASTERING SPINISH
iEs ste su
aCmo
2Est us
2Est us
2Est us
2Est ce
Exercise
Describing the Gontents of you handbag
Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue and describe the contents ofthe handbag.
Empleado: iQu hay en el bolso?

Usted: (Say there is a passport, an English
traz;
passport in the name of Robinson, some
eller's cheque s.)
Empleado: 4De qu banco son los cheques?

Usted; (Sag they're from the Midtand Bank. Add that
there is
a handerchief,
perfume...)
EmpIeado: 1Algo ms?

10.
Usted: (Sayyes, Ihere are some gloaes.)

Empleado: 1De qu color son los guantes?
Usted: (Say thejt are grq) and made of leather')
Ask if
ntarse un
Emp|eado: Entonces, ste es su bolso' seora.
Usted:
(Thank him aery much.)
Usted;
(Say soodbye.)
Emp|eado: De nada, seora. Adis.
Exercise
(_)
\
(\)
Es ste
2Es Usted in9|s {inglesa)?
2Es usted profesor (Profesora)?

2Es sU casa grande o pequea7
2Es su ciudad antigua o modernaT
ZEs excelente la comida en su casa?
Exercise
Saying where things are
Give genuine answers to the following questtons.
1
2
3
4
5
laim your
Describing Permanent conditions
Give genuine answers to the following questions.
1
2
3
4
5
own, sub-
iEst su casa cerca de| Centro de |a ciudad?

2Est su oficina (ta||er' fbrica) Cerca de su casa7
LEst su ciudad cerca o |e';os de Londres?
LEs,r" su ciudad en e| norte?
ZEst su ciudad en |a costa?
Exercise
Describing temPoary cond.tions
Give genuine answers to the following questtons.
1
2
3
1
5
2Cmo est usted?

2Est usted ocupado (ocupada)7
2Est usted enfermo (enferma)7
2Est Usted Casado (casada)?
iEst cerrada su oficina7
1COMO ES SU
CIUDAD? 3s
Exercise
Forming questions
(l,istening
The following are the answers. $7hat were the questions?
I
2
3
4
5
b
7
8
9
l0
t\)
K nc"-t
Mi casa est |e.ios de aqu.

Es de Piel.
Es bastante granes, hay muchos turistas en Sevi||a.
iQu es?
Look at the
town or ge(
Son grtses.
Estoy blen, gracias.
s, mi h1o est casado'
No' e| banco no est cerrado.
S, mi h1a es secretar|a.
S, ste {sta) es mi marido {mu.;er).
Exercise
mentioned.
Reclaiming |ost ProPety
Look at the
is being rec
Reclaim a smail, black, plastic handbag from the employee by answering his
questions.
Empleado: IJn bo1so, lverdad?

Usted: (Say that's right.)
Emp|eado: iCmo es?
Usted: (Say ir's small.)
Emp|eado: iDe qu color es?
Usted: (Say ir's black.)
Emp|eado: ;De qu es?
Usted: (Say ir's rnade of Plastic.)
Emp|eado: Entonces, ste es su bolso,
Usted: (Say thank 1tou.)
1Qu ciut
Listen to th
Which i
$7here i
Why is
4verdad?
(,\ Exercise I O Modifying adjectives
Answer the questions with modified adjectives as suggested'
Example: 2Son simpticos |os camareros7 (Fairly) s' son bastante

simpticos.
1
2
3
'1
5
2Es simptico e|.1efe? (Very)
2Est |e.1os e| banco? (Fairly)
2Es interesante su traba,.1o? (Fairly)

2Es grande su ciudadT (VerY)
2Est bien e| hote|? (Fairly)
36 MASTERING
S'PIN'1SH
(a)
(b)
(c)
4
{
Po
Po
Po
Which i
Can yor
ffine"-t
(Reading e>
Read the ex
questions ir
2comprende usted e| espaol hab|a do?

1Qu es?
Look at the map on page 28 and listen to the tape. $rite down the name of the
town or geographical feature referred to. (Not all the features on the mao are
mentioned.)
Look at the photograph on page 29. Listen to the tape and decide which object
is being reclaimed from a Lost Property Office.
;wering his
eQu ciudod?
1
2
3
4
5
Which is Manolo's favourite citv?

Where is it?
Why is it his favourite? Select what he says from these Spanish phrases:
(a) Porque es muy bonita con muchas fuentes y calles para pasear.
(b) Porque es muy antigua con muchos museos muy interesantes.
(c) Porque es muy grande con muchas plazas muy bonitas
Which is the woman's favourite city?
Can you give one or two reascns why she likes it?
bastante
2Comprende usted el espaol escrito?

(Reading exercises)
Read the excerpt on the next page from a tourist pamphlet, and then answer the
questions in English.
1COMO ES SU CIUDAD? 37
TOLEDO
ToIedo est situada a unos setenta ki|metros aI
suroeste de Madrid. Tiene unos cincuenta v ocho
miI habitantes, y es |a antigua capitaI de Espaa.
De inters turstico hav |a Catedra|, |a Casa de|
Greco y Ia Sinagoga de Santa Mara Ia BIanca.
La Catedra| es de| siglo trece y est en e| centro
|a ciudad. Est abierta desde |as diez V media
de |a maana hasta |a una de |a tarde, v desde |as
tres y media hasta las siete de la tarde. La entrada
vale trescientas pesetas.
de
La Casa del Greco, artista famoso del siglo

diecisis, est cerca de Ia CatedraI en |a parte
antigua de Ia ciudad. La Sinagoga de Santa Mara

|a B|anca es de| sig|o trece y est bastante cerca
de la Casa del Greco.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
How far is it from Madrid to Toledo?

How many inhabitants has Toledo?
Is it the present capital of Spain?
What is there of tourist interest in the city?
What are the opening hours of the Cathedrai?
How much does it cost to go in?
Who was El Greco?
$7here is the Synagogue of Santa Mara la Blanca?
trompecabEtsl
(Puzzles)
t4
lVerda d
rnentira? (True
or
false)
Look at the map on page 28, and mark these statements as being true or false.
I
2
3
4
5
6
Madrid tiene cuatro millones de haLlitantes.

Madrid est en el norte de Esoaa'
M|aga est en la costa sur de Espaa.
M|aga tiene un mil|n de habitantes'
Barce|ona est en e| oeste de Esoaa.
Barcelona tiene tres millones de habitantes.
38 MASTERING.SPINIS/
Can you v
(The map
1
2
3
4
5
2Es st
No. es
Vivo et
Este
aL
Juan e
Can you work out the anagrams to find the Spanish cities?
(The map on page 28 will help you.)
1
2
3
4
5
2Es ste el tren para RABONECAL7

No. este tren va a LESIVAL.
Vivo en LBlBo'
Este autobs va a CAVANELI.
Juan es de LAGAMA.
e or false.
1CoMo 's sU CIUDAD? 39
Joan: Y,
;1
callc
Transent
2Dnde est su ciu dad?
Toled,
dela(
Joan. Mu<
Finding out where things are
Transentr
Joan. Grar
Transentr
Diatogue
Whilst Mr
bank to ch
Robert:
Transentt
Robert:
Transentt
Robert:
rnercaY
'$*'
I ${]ri
2Por dnde se va al mercado?
Dialogues
Dialogue
In hot weather Mrs Robinson is prone to headaches. She goes out in search of a
chemist's.
Joan: Perdn, seor' 4Hay una farmacia en esta calle?

Transente: No' seora. En esta cal1e no hay una farmacia, pero hay una en la
Calle de T'olcdo.
40 jl{ls7ERING
SPII1SH
2Hay una fa
Joan: Y, ;por dnde
Se va a la Calle de Toledo?
Transente: Mire usted, seora. Vaya usted por esta calle, tome la segunda
calle a la derecha y luego la primera a la izquierda y est en la Ca1le de
Toledo. Es una calie bastante ancha y 1a farmacia est a la derecha' al lado
de la Cafetera Sol.
Joan: Muchas gracias. 4Est lejos?
Transente: No, seora, est bastante cerca.
Joan: Gracias' Adis.

Transente: Adis.
Dialogue 2
Whilst Mrs Robinson is iooking for a chemist's, Mr Robinson is in search of
bank to change some traveller's cheques. He stops a passer-by.
Robert:
Perdn, seor. 4Hay un banco por aqu?
Robert:
Son las diez.
Transente: S, seor. Hay un banco al final de esta calle

Robert'
Y, 4est abierto ahora?
Transente: 4Qu hora es?
a la izquierda.
search of a
ry
una cn la
iHay una farmacia por aqu?
;D()NDE E:jT.A:jU CILDAD?
41
Transente; Entonces, s, est abierto. Los bancos estn abiertos desde las
nueve hasta la una.
Gracias, seor
Robert
Transente: De nada'
rue9o
a la izquier<
ancho/a/os
al lado de
^^- c1L]uI
^^,,1
PU
Dialogue 3
Mrs Robinson obtains pills for her
heaciache and returns to the hotel for a

coffee. She chats to the waiter in the hotel coffee-shop'
Joan: Un caf con leche, por favor, y un vaso de agua.

Camarero: En seguida, seora.
Joan: Hace mucho calor hoY, iverdad?
Camerero; S, siempre hace mucho calor en Madrid en verano'
seora. Pero
el invierno hace mucho fro, pero aqu no llueve
mucho.
Joan:
1Qu suertel
Diatogue 4
leaves the bank and realises he needs stamps to send postcards
home. He asks the doorkeeper of the bank.
Mr Robinson
4Dnde se venden los sellos, por favor?
Robert'
Portero: Los sellos se venden en ei estanco, seor.
Robert: Y, ;hay un eslanco Por aqui?
Portero: S, seor. Ah hay un estanco' enfrente de la panadera.
Robert: Gracias. El tabaco se vende tambin en el estanco, verdad?
Portero; E'so es, seor.
Robert: Gracias.Adis.
Portero. Adis'
Vocabula
perdn
la farmacia
la calle
5e va
mire
vaya
42 MASTERING SPIN/SH
excuse me
chemist's
street
one goes
al final de
abierto/a/o
anora
2qu hora t
desde
nasta
en Inglaterra hace mucho fro y llueve mucho, 1verdad?

Joan: FIace mucho fro en invierno y llueve bastante, pero hay das
en el verano cuando hace sol. iNo hace mal tiempo nunca en Madrid?
Camarero: S, seora. En
por
tome
a la derech;
look (polite command, imperative)

go (polite command, imperative)
et vaso
^t <l9Uc1
^^.,Cl
en seguida
hace calor
hoy
siempre
e Verano
hace fro
llover (ue)
llueve
el invierno
hace sol
hace mal tir
NUNCA
1qu suerte|
se venden
el sello
el estanco
enfrente de
Ia panader.
el tabaco
trxP'a'l
(a) Findi',
ref 10
Use'hay'+
2Hay ur
2Hay ur
2Hay ur
en es
desde las
rotel for
por
tome
a la derecha
uego
a la izquierda
ancho/a/os/as
al lado de
por aqu
al final de
along
take (polite command, imperative)
on the right
then
on the left
wide
beside, at the side of
around here
at the end of
open
al:ierto/a/os/as
anora
2qu hora es7
desde
lora. Pero
rid?
no llueve
now
what's the time?
from
until
nasta
el vaso
glass
el agua
water
en seguida
hace calor
noy
immediately, straight away

it's hot
today
siempre
e Verano
hace fro
llover
always
summer
it's cold
to raln
(ue)
llueve
el invierno
I postcards
it rains
winter
it's sunny
hace sol
hace mal tiempo
nunca
the weather's bad

never
what good luck!
are sold
stamp
;qu suerte|
se venden
el sello
state tobacconist's
el estanco
enfrente de
opposite
baker's
tobacco
la panadera
el tabaco
Exolanations
(a) Finding out if
ref 10
place exists in the zsicinity - gra?n?rrar
IJse 'hay' + name of place + name of viciniry.
erative)
1Hay un banco por aqu?

2Hay un hotel en esta calle?
2Hay una oficina de turismo
en esta ciudad?
Is there a bank around here?

Is there a hotel in this street?
Is there a tourist office in this
city?
lDONDE ESTA SU CIUDAD? 43
(b) Finding your u:ay there
(f) Tellir
lf you ask rhe simple question:
To ask the
2Dnde est e| Hote| Car|os
Where is the Charles III Hotel?
TerceroT
If the
a Spaniard will probably answer:
En la Calle Mayor.
want to know how to reach a certain place, use:
How does one get to the Charles

III Hotel?
Remember that with feminine nouns the phrase will be:

2Por dnde se Va a |a oficina
de turismoT
How does one get to the tourist
11
(d) Knotaing uhere places are - grarnrnar ref 8

Several ways of saying where places are have now been introduced and are as
follows:
on the right.
on the left.
at the end of the street.
beside the cafeteria.
It's opposite the bank.
It's
It's
It's
It's
(e) Knousing zthether the place is open or closed - grq??x?nor

ref 8
banco est abierto
La tienda est cerrada.
E|
44
MASTERING SPIN/S1
Son la
Son la
For more
(g) Whe
To give th
hasl
In telling you how to reach a certain place, a Spaniard will use polite commands. The ones seen so far are as follows:
Look! (Not literally, but merelY
lMire usted!
a way of getting your attention.)
along the street.
Go
por
la
calle!
lVaya
Take
the second street.
calle!
la
segunda
lTome
Sometimes the pronoun'uSted'is found and sometimes not. The tone of voice
normally tells you that a polite command is being used.
a la derecha'
a |a izquierda'
aI fina| de la cal|e.
a| |ado de |a cafetera'
Est enfrente del banco
but all oth
Est a
office?
(c) Understanding polite conunsnds - gra?n?nar ref
Est
Est
Est
Est
ansra
Eslau
In the Main Street.
You have asked him where the hotel is and he has told you. Since you did not
ask him how to get there, he may well assume you know the town well. If you
2Por dnde se va al Hotel
Carlos TerceroT
1ou
The bank is open.
The shop is closed
'Hasta' is
Vaya
(h) Disc
To enquir,
4Ou
'Hace'is
Hace
Hace
Hace
Hace
Hace:
To enquir,
2ou
Sevi
Hace
Notice tha
and you ar
Hace
Other expr
Llueve
(fl Telling the tirne

To ask the time, use the question:
rel?
1Ou hora
.s'hat's
es?
the time?
If the answer contains the number 'one' it will be:

Es la
u did not
:11. If you
arles
una.
o'clock.
but all other times will have the plural form:

Son las
Son las
dos.
cinco.
It's 2 o'clock.
It's 5 o'clock.
For more on telling the time see Chapter
@) When is
rrst
It's
5.
the place open? - gra?tlrnar ref 3
To give the opening hours of shops, banks, offices and so on use the following:
It's open from 9 until I o'clock.
Est abierto desde |as nueve

hasta la una.
'Hasta' is also used to express distance:
lite comrely
ltion.)
Vaya hasta Ia
plaza.
Go as far as the square.
(h) Discussing the useather - gra?nrnar ref 12

To enquire about the weather, use the following:
2ou tiempo hace7
e of voice
nd are as
$hat's the weather ]ike?
'Hace' is often found in the answer:

Hace
Hace
Hace
Hace
Hace
The weather's fine.

The weather's bad.
buen tiempo.
mal tiempo.
calor.
It's hot.
It's cold.
It's sunny.
fro.
sol.
To enquire about the weather in

ZOU tiempo hace ahora
a certain place or region, use the following:
en
SevillaT
$hat's the weather like now in

Seville?
Hace mucho sol

It's very sunny.
Notice that .mucho' is used with .ca|or'. .fro' and .Sol' because these are nouns
and you are literally saying:
Hace mucho
calor.
It's very hot. (It makes much heat.)
Other expressions of weather are simple verbs, such as 'llover' (to rain):
Llueve mucho en lnqlaterra
It rains a lot in England.
1nNnr EST SU CIUDAD? 45
to say you hazse a lot - granrnar ref 6

'MUCho' is used to express most ideas concerned with 'a lot' and 'much'.
'Mucho'is sometimes an adiectiae and then it agrees with the noun:
I've got a lot of work.
Tengo mucho trabaJo
I've got a lot of friends.
Tengo muchos amlgos.
Many thanks. (Thanks a lot.)
Muchas gractas.
(i) Hou;
Sometimes it is an adaerb and then it does not change:

It rains a lot.
I work a lot.
Llueve mucho.
Trabajo mucho.
(j) Hozt: to be negatiae - grarnrnar ref
As you have seen, the basic negative in Spanish is 'no':

I'm English.
['m not English.
Soy ing|s.
No soy ing|s
'Nunca' is used to express 'never' and can be placed before the verb:
I never work.
Nunca trabaJo
of after the verb, with 'no' in front of the verb:
No
traba..1o
(h) Hout
to
I never work.
nunca.
find out u;here things ore sold - grarwnar ref 7(iii)
Use the form 'se vende' if the thing referred to is singular.

2Dnde se Vende e| tabaco7
Where is tobacco sold? (Literally, where does tobacco sell itselP)
and the form 'se venden' if the r,hing referred to is plural:
2Dnde se Venden los se||os?

lihere are Stamps sold? (Literally, where do stamps sell themselves?)
Exercises
o The kelt
Exercise
I Finding
p. 300.
out if a certain Place exasts
E.xample: A bar. 2Hay un bar por aqu7
46
MASTERING SPINIS'I
Exercise
Example: TJ
1
2
3
4
5
The
The
The
The
The
ban
tour
cher
tobr
hott
Exercise
Example: Tl
1
2
3
4
5
The
The
The
The
The
ban
tour
cher
tobr
hott
nd 'much'
Ir
ef
7(ii)
qel
f))
t,\
Exercise
Finding out how to get there
Example: The bar' 1Por dnde se va al bar?
I
2
3
4
5
nselves?)
t-i
\
The bank.
The tourist office.
The chemist's.
The tobacconist's.
The hotel.
Exercise
Finding out if you are nea the Place
E'xample: The bar. 2Est
1
2
3
4
5
|e.1os
e| bar?
The bank.
The tourist office.
The chemist's.
The tobacconist's.
The hotei.
.DNDE EsT SU CIUDAD?
47
-\)
Exercise
4 Following
instructions
Explain to your companion, who does not speak Spanish, what you have to do
Vaya por la calle, tome la segunda calle a la izquierda y la oficina de
1.)
3
4
5
The bank.
zou hora
es?
es?
es?
i 2Oue hora es?
4 2au hora es?
5 iou hora es?
2Ou hora es?
2au hora
2aun.,"
'
Son las nueve.
"^
Vm
. mV
'vzm
-.
m'\J/
\4m
",, , ffi1w
iouhoraes?
x@
es? 'kpm
l0 2ou hora es7
'oK/
ZoU hora
Tobac,
Handb
Gloves
Coffee
Wine.
Exercise
Answer
I
2
3
4
5
Tel|ing the time
Example: 2ou hora
2au I
2Ou t
2ou t
2ou t
th,
Example:,
The chemist's.
The tobacconist's.
Exercise
8
q
iOu t
Example:
I
e| bar?
Exercise
Exercise 5 Finding out if the place is open

Exarnple: The bar. ZEst abierto
I The baker's
2 The souvenir shop.
Example:
l
2
3
4
5
to reach your destination.

Example: Tome |a primera ca|le a |a derecha y la farmacia est al final de la
calle. Take the first street on the risht and the chemist's is at the end of the street.
turismo est en esa caIle a la derecha.

Tome |a Cuarta ca|le a |a izquierda, vaya hasta e| fina| y el hote| est a|
lado de |a Cafetera Montesol'
Vaya por esta calle, tome la tercera calle a la derecha y la oficina de
turismo est enfrente de| Banco Centra|.
Vaya por esta calle, tome la primera calle a la derecha y luego la segunda a
|a izquierda. Pero no vaya ahora; |a farmacia est cerrada hasta las cuatro.
El Hote| Prncipe est en |a Cal|e de Segovia. Mire usted; Vaya por esta
calle, tome la tercera calle a la derecha y vaya hasta el final de la calle. El
hote| est aI lado del Cine So|.
Exercise
2Tiene
2Tiene
2Traba
2fiene
1Hay n
Exercise
Answer th'
Example: ,
I
2
3
4
5
4Hace
2Lluevr
2Est
1Est c
2Hay
have to do
Thlking about the weather
E'xample: 2ou tiempo hace? (Sunny) Hace so|.
1 2ou tiempo
2 2au tiempo
3 2au tiempo
4 2ou tiempo
5 zou tiempo
final de la
f the street.
oficina de
rtel est
Exercise
hace? (Fine)
hace? (Cold)
hace7 (Bad)
hace? (Very sunny)
hace? (Very hot)
a|
oficina de
segunoa a
las cuatro.
/a por esta
Exercise
(\I
Tobacco.
Handbags.
Gloves.
Coffee.
$7ine.
Exercise
Saying you have or do a lot
Answer the following questions, saying you have or do a lot.

Example: 2Tiene usted mucho traba.io? S, tengo mucho trabaJo
I
2
3
4
5
out where things are sold
Example: Stamps. 2Dnde se venden |os sel|os7
I
2
3
4
5
la calle. El
8 Finding
2Tiene usted muchos amigosT

2Tiene usted muchos clientesT
2Trabaja usted mucho?
2Tiene usted muchas amigas-l

2Hay muchas personas en su familia?
Exercise
Saying it never happens
Answer the following questions, saying it never happens.
Example: 2Trabaja usted mucho? Nunca trabajo mucho
1
2
3
4
5
2Hace mucho so| en su regin7

2Llueve mucho en su ciudadT
LEst usted enfermo (enferma)?
LEst usted ocupado (ocupada)7
2Hay muchos turistas en su ciudadT
;DONDE ESTA SU CIUDAD? 49
2Comprende usted el espao| hab|ado?
1Qu tietn;
Listen to the
Mark the sta
trl
1Adn de
zsa
1
2
3
4
5
6
usted?
Look at the town plan given below. Start from the hotel, listen to the instructons given on the tape and write down the name of the building you reach. You
alwavs set off in the direction of the arrow.
She is frc
The sum
It snows
They are
The best
In Barcel
UN PLANO DE LA CIUDAD
(Reading
t--f;"--l
I
l--]
FLOR
crNE
IsQ!t __l
I
if you:
I
2
3
O
O
fr
lo
o
Turned
Turned
I{ept stri
Look at the
hotel receptr
on the plan'
@ r'l
-^
EA
nm
*l
El boletn rneteorolgico
Listen to the weather forecast on the tape and take notes so that you can tell
friend, who does not understand Spanish, what the weather will be like.
MAST'ERING SPINISH
exr
Look at the
F^.ol
50
icomPn
eQu tiernpo hoce?

Mark the statements as 'true', 'false' or 'do not know'.
the instrucu reach.
You
I
2
3
4
5
6
She is from Madrid.

The summer in Madrid is very hot.
It snows in winter in Madrid.
They are both in Barcelona at the moment.
The best thing about Madrid's weather is that it is usually dry.
In Barcelona it is verv hot, but it is not humid.
ecomPende usted e| espao| escrito?

(Reading exercises)
Look at the roadsign on page 40, and write down which places you would reach
if you:
I
2
3
Turned right.
Turned left.
I(ept straight on.
Look at the town plan on page 50. Read the following instructions left at your
hotel reception desk and decide which of the three buildings marked l, 2 and 3
on the plan you are being directed to.
\/
Va3a us1ed pu esa cale j
tai cas^
)u can tell
I
to.ne
*td qQ Tinal eb
|a
t
cto,to'
esa cqlle
,t
calle
a lo
|a
iz.1uierda
d",""ha
like.
cDONDE ESTA SU
CIUDAD?
Rompecabezas
zE
(Puzzles)
lAl
Da
-_-l
Follow the line from the town to the weather sYmbol to ind out what the
weather is like.
\----;
v\l'\
Santiago
lVerdad
rnentira? (True orfalse)
Are the times given under the clocks true or faise?
'@
'@
'@
Son las cinco
Es la una.
Son las diez.
Voy de
comtr
tDiarogu
Dialogue
Juan Lpez
a caf.
Son las once.
Son las siete.
Son las dos.
Juan: Uste
Joan: No.
iuan: Pero
Joan: S, tr
zEn qu trabaja usted?

Daily routine
ut what the
Sevilla
Santiago
|3dfij
Valencia
Bilbao
&*'*
&
'lt*; ,'.
'. ''k* -' i;
ii:
Voy de compras
,#'re
Dialogues
Diatosue
Juan Lpez is chatting to Joan Robinson about her life in E.ngland. They are in
a caf.
Juan: Usted vive en York, sverdad, Juana?

Joan: No. Vivo en un pueblo pequeo cerca
Juan: Pero usted trabaja en York, lno?
Joan: S, trabajo en un instituto en el centro
de York.
de la ciudad'
lEN QUE TRABAJA USTE,D? s3
,luan:
E,ntonccs usted va al trabajo con Robertc-r' lverdad?

Joan' No. Voy sola en mi coche. Tengo un coche pcqueo. Yt] empiczo mi
trabajo a 1as nucve y Roberto empieza a las ocho y media'
Juan: 1Cmo es su instituto? ;E's grande?
Joan: S, es bastante grande. Hay unos novecientos treinta alumnos.
Juan: iSon todos chiccls, o ha1. chicas tambin?
JOan: Hay chiccts y chicas. Creo que hay unos cuatrocientos setenta chicos y
unas cuatrocientas sescnta chicas. I.{ovecientos treinta en total.
Juan. iCome usted cn casa o en un restaurante de 1a ciudad?
-Joan: Como en e1 instituto con los alumnos.
Juan: Y, lcomc ustcd bien o mal?
Joan: Pues bastante mal, pcro 1a comida es barata'
Juan: 1A qu hora termina su trabajo?
Joan: Termino a las cuatro menos cuarto. Salgo de1 instituto y voy de
compras. E,ntonces voy a casa y hago la cena.
Juan: Ya
veo quc trabaja usted mucho, Juana' lNos vamos
5ra?
lCamarerol
iQu le debo?
Camarero: Son seiscientas pe\etas. seor.
Dialogue 2
Mr Robinson
has gone to see Juan Lpez oni-v tcl find that he is out. Whilst he
Robert; lEst
|sabel: S, es
Robert: iCl
lsabel: No, r
da. Salgo
casi todos
Robert: tA q
lsabel: Todc
cinen rr m
Rollert. Ya r,
lsabel: Ya es
Juan:
ivocabut.
vivir
usted vive
vivo
el pueblo
ir
waits he chats to Isabel.
voy
Robert: ;Vive usted aqu en Madrid,
el
Isabel?
|sabe|: S, tengo un pisc.r en la Calle de Velzquez.
1Hoia.
VA
traba..1o
solo/a/os/as
el coche
emnpzzr
liel
emprezo
empreza
media
novecientos
el alumno
el chico
la chica
cuatrociento:
en total
comer
usted come
el restaurant(
mal
barato/a/os/,
terminar
termrno
usted termin,
menos
el cuarto
:...'l'
W
co.1o et
54
metro
1uls7-R1NG s/,lAI/.sH
saiir
sar9o
ir de compra
emplezo ml
ros.
)nta chicos y
Robert: iEst lejos de aqu?

lsabel: S, est bastante lejos'
Robert: ;Cmo viene usted a la oficina? 4Tiene coche?
lsabel: No, no tengo coche. Es imposible aparcar un coche
en Madrid hoy en
da. Salgo de casa a las ocho, cojo el metro y llego aqu a las nueve en punto
casi todos los das.
Robert: ;A qu hora sale usted de la orcina por la tarde?
|sabe|: Todo depende del trabajo. Por 1o general salgo de aqu a eso de las
cinco y media.
Robert: Ya veo que es usted muy trabaiadora, Isabel.
|sabe|: Ya est aqu el seor Lpez. Don Juan. Don Roberto le espera.
Juan: lHola, Roberto! Siento llegar tarde.
oyvoyde
iCamarero!
Vocabula
VIVIT
rt.
\hilst
he
usted vive
vivo
el pueblo
to live
you live
I live
ir
village
to go
va
el traba-;o
work
voy
solo/a/os/as
el coche
empezar (ie)
emprezo
empreza
media
novecientos
el alumno
el chico
la chica
cuatrocientos
en total
comer
usted come
el restaurante
Igo
he/she goes
alone
car
to begin
I begin
he/she begins
half
nine hundred
pupil
boy
girl
four hundred
in all, total
to eat, have lunch
you eat, have lunch
restaurant
mal
badly
termrnar
termtno
usted termina
menoS
el cuarto
salir
t^ onrl finiqh
l:arato/a/os/as
salgo
ir de compras
cheap
Lv
!^r\4t..rrivr.
I end, finish
you end, finish

iess, minus
a quarter
to leave, go out
I leave, go out
to go shopping
AEN
QUETRABAJA USTED?
55
voy de compras
nacer
nago
la cena
veo
e
nos vamos
deber
2qu |e debo?
seisclentos
venir
to make, do
I make, do
dinner, evening meal
ver
rr5
I go shopping
(ie)
usted viene
lmposible/s
aparcar
hoy en da
coger
co]o
llegar
llego
en punto
e| da
todos Ios das

caSl
la tarde
por la tarde
depender
depende
todo
por lo general
a eso de
tabalador/a/es/as
esperar
espera
sentir (ie)
siento
taroe
to see
I see
to go away, leave
we're leaving
to owe, have to
what do I owe You?
-er
Comer
six hundred
impossible
Vivir
to come
you come
to park
nowadays
to take, catch
I take, catch
to arrive
I arrive
sharp, exactiy (of time)
day
every daY
almost
afternoon, evening
in the afternoon. evening
to depend
it depends
all, everything
generally
about, around (of time)
hard-working
to wait for, hoPe

he/she is waiting
to feel, regret
I regret
late
(a) Talhins about your daity routine - granlnlar re 7 (i)

Todothisyouusethepresenttenseofregularandcommonirregularverbs.
Theregularverbsaredividedintothreegroupsaccordingtotheirendingsin
polite speech only the first and third
the infinitive'. '-ar', '-er' and '-ir'. For
Dersons are required and these are as follows:
MASTERING SPINIS-H
Traba-1o e
Juan trab
Usted tra
Como en
Mara cot
Usted co
Explanations
56
-ar
Trabajar
-ir
Vivo en I
Vive en I
Usted viv
(b) Nesati
Ifyou do not
2Tral:aya
No, no
tt
(c) Questi
If the verb
hu
for question:
Vive aqu
2Vive aq
If the verb ht
Juan vivr
2Vive Ju,
Usted cc
2Come I
(d) Irregu
Certain com
The ones see
(i) Verbs w
Salir
Salgo
de
-at
Trabajar
Traba,lo en una oficina.
Juan traba-1a en Una fbrica.

Usted traba.la en una tienda.
-er
Comer
Como en un restaurante.
Mara come mucho.
Usted come en Una cafetera.
-ir
Vivir
Vivo en Madrid.
Vive en Nueva York.
Usted vive en Sevilla.
To work
I work in an office.
John works in a factory.

You work in a shop.
To eat, haz-te lunch
I have lunch in a restaurant.
Mary eats a lot.
You have lunch in a cafeteria.
To liae
I live in Madrid.
He lives in New York

You live in Seville.
(b) Negatioes
If you do not do something' the verb is made negative using 'no':
2Trabala usted mucho?
No, no traba,io mucho.
Do you work a lot?

No, I don't work a lot.
(c) Questions
If the verb has no stated subject, the question is the same as the statement except
for question marks and a change in your tone of voice:
Vive aqu.
2Vive aqu?
He lives here.
Does he live here?
If the verb has a subject, the subiect is placed after the verb:
Juan vive aqu.

2Vive Juan aqui?
Usted come mucho.
iCome usted muchoT
John lives here.

Does John live here?
You eat a lot.
Do you eat a lot?
(d) Irregular zserbs'gra?nnlqr ref 7(ii)
)
;uiar verbs.
endings in
t and third
Certain common verbs are irregular and do not follow the pattern given above'
The ones seen in this chapter are as follows:
(i) Verbs with an irregular first person singular

Salir
Saloo de la oficina a la una.
To leaae, go out
I leave the office at one o'clock.
lEN QUE TR4BAJA USTED?
57
Coger
Cojo el tren.
Hacer
Hago mucho trabaJo.
To take, catch
I catch the train.
To do, make
I do a lot of work.
(fl Telling
Between the t
past', 'half pas
2Ou hor.
2ou hor.
2ou hor.
2ou hor
(ii) Verbs which change their spelling - gramrnar ref 7(iv)
Tener
Tengo mucho trabaJo.

Juan tiene dos hl.1os.
Usted tiene coche.
Venir
Vengo en autobs'
Paco viene a pie.
Usted viene en coche.
Empezar
Fmniczn ,a l:s nrreve.
lsabel empieza a las diez.
Usted empieza a las tres.
To hate
I've got a lot of work.
John has two children.
You've got a car.
To begin
I begin at 9 o'clock.
Isabel begins at l0 o'clock.

You begin at 3 o'clock.
Verbs which change their spelling from '-e-' to '-ie-' are identified in the vocabularies by (ie).
(e)
After half past

aOu hor
2Ou hor
2ou hor
To come
I come by bus.
Paco comes on foot.

You come by car.
'Menos' actut
ten = Son las
2A qu ht
2'{ qu h<
To
say that
punto' after
doscientos
cuatrocientos
quinientos
700
800
900
1000
ochocientos
novecientos
mil
seiscientos
doscientos setenta y ocho chicos
If the noun is feminine, the number is feminine:
255
Exercise
a
The keg to
doscientos treinta y cinco

cuatrocientos setenta y ocho
These numbers are similar to adjectives and agree with the nouns they describe.
If the noun is masculine, the number is masculine:
278
1A qu hl
setecientos
word:
478
t.
To add the id
Additional numbers are simply joined on to the hundreds with no intervening
2i5
1,{ qu ht
The numbers 100*i000 are as follows:

trescientos
To express wl
Nurnbers 100-1000 - grq?tr?ttqr ref 3
200
300
400
500
600
tt
doscientas cincuenta y cinco pesetas
The number 1000 (mil) is invariable in most cases and does not change:
1000 pesetas
10 000 pesetas
mrl pesetas
diez mil pesetas
(\ ) Exercise
Play the part
Juan:
Ustec
Usted: (Sal
Juan: Pero
usted: (sar
Now repeat t
rately your ot
(fl Telling the tirne' gra??L?nar ref 3

Between the hour and the half-hour the word 'y' is used to express 'a quarter
past', 'half past" 'ten past' and so on:
ZoU hora es?

1ou hora es7
2Ou hora es?
2Ou hora es?
Son las dos y cuarto.

Son las tres y media.
Son las cuatro y diez.
Son las cinco y veinticinco.
(2.|5)
(3.30)
(4.10)
(5.25)
After half past, 'menos' is used to express 'a quarter to', 'ten to' and so on:
Son las siete menos cuarto.
Son las ocho menos veinticinco.
Son las diez menos diez.
2Ou hora es7 (6.45)
1ou hora es? (7.35)

iou hora es? (9.50)
1-
'Menos' actually means 'less, minus' and thus you say literally: It's ten minus
ren = Son las diez menos diez.
To express when something occurs the word 'a' replaces 'son' or 'es':
qu hora emp|eza? (2,30)
2A qu hora termin a? (5.l5)
2,A
the vocabu-
Empieza a las dos y media.

Termina a las cinco v cuarto.
To say that something occurs at a certain time 'sharp' you use the words 'en
Dunto' after the time:
i'A
qu hora ||ega?
(1
1.00)
L|ega a |as once en punto.
To add the idea of 'at roughly' or 'at about' you place 'eso de' before the time:
2,{
intervening
rey describe.
qu hora ||ega7 (around
9)
L|ega a eso de |as nueve'
Exercises
a
O
\ Exercise t
Saying where you live and work
Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue'
lnge:
Juan: Usted vive en York, iverdad, Juana?

Usted: (Say no. You liz;e in a small aillage near York.)
Juan: Pero usted trabaja en York, ino?
Usted: (Say yes. You work in a secondary school in the centre
of the city.)
Now repeat the exercise making such changes as are necessary to describe accurately your own situation.
iEN C)UE TR4BAJA USTED? s9
t\,
Exercise
Saying whee you have lunch
Juan; ;Come usted en casa o en un restaurante de la ciudad?

Usted: (Say you eat in the school with the pupik.)
Juan: Y, lcome usted bien o mal?
Usted: (Say well, it's fairly bad, but the food is cheap.)
2Tiene
4 2Aqu|
Now repeat the exercise, making such changes as are necessary to describe
accurately your own situation.
Exercise 3 Saying at what time you finish work and what

you do aftewards
Now repeat
Juan: ;A qu hora termina su trabajo?

Usted: (Say you Jinish at 3.45. You leaae
Exercise
school and go shopping. Then gou go
home and make the dinner.)
Juan;
Tell your
Ya veo que trabaja usted mucho, Juana.
Example:
I
2
3
4
5
Now repeat the exercise, making it fit your own situation.
Exercise
4 Answering
questions
Answer the following questions, using the cues given.

Example: 2Dnde vive usted? (A small village) Vivo en un pueb|o pequeo.
I
2
3
4
5
1Dnde vive usted? (A large city)

2Dnde trabaJa Usted7 (An office)
2Dnde come Usted? (In a bar)
tA qu hora termina su traba-1o? (At 5 o'clock)
tA qu hora ||ega a casa? (At 5.45)
Exercise
5 Answering
moe questions
2
60
zA qu hora sa|e usted de casa por
maana7
2Cmo Viene usted a su traba..1o?
MASTERING SPIN/SI
,"
/\
la -)
\9-l
pes
pes
pes
pe:
pe:
Exercise
leave, et'
Example:
Answer the following questions, using the cues given.

E'xample: iA qu hora sale usted de casa por la maana?
Salgo de casa a las ocho.
290
485
30
855
520
51
Ansu,er the
Now repeat the exercise, making the answers fit your own situation.
t\,
2Hace u
r<
1
2
3
4
5
2,{
iA
1,
qu
qu
2Aque
2A qu
2A qu
Exercise
Answer the
1 lAqu
2 1au
3 1Aqu
4 2Dnt
2Tiene usted coche?
zA qu hora empieza su trabajo7
4Hace usted mucho trabajoT
to describe
nd what
Now repeat the exercise, making the answers fit your situation'
Then you go
t\
Exercise
Number Practice
Tell your Spanish friend what you paid for various items.
Example: 750 pesetas. Setecientas cincuenta pesetas.
pesetas.
+85 pesetas.
360 pesetas.
855 pesetas.
520 pesetas.
|
2
3
4
5
o peqLleo
290
6
7
I
9
l0
630 Pesetas
745 Pesetas.
970 Pesetas.
I 500 Pesetas.
I 0 000 Pesetas.
Exercise 7 Saying at what time things begin' end, arrive,

leave, etc.
Ansrver the following questions' using the cues given'
Example: 24 qu hora empieza |a sesin? (7 o'clock) Empieza a |as siete.
1
2Aqu hora
2,A
qu hora
2A qu hora
2A qu hora
2Aqu hora
4
5
a)
\
E
Exercise
sa|e e| tren7 (5'30)
l|ega e| autobs7 (7 .L5)

empieza |a sesin7 (8 o'clock)
termina
|a sesin7 (11.30)
saIe e| taxi? (9.15)
Talking about your own daily routine

I
z
3
2A qu hora sa|e usted de Casa por |a maana?

2Ou coge Usted para ir a su traba.io7
2A qu hora |Iega usted a sU trabaJo?
2Dnde trabaja usted?
lEN QUE TRABAJA USTED? 6I
5
6
7
8
9
10
'
( )
\
2Cuntas horas traba.'1a usted por da?

1Dnde come Usted?
;Came uste.t hien o mal?
cLVr
zA qu hora termina su trabaJo?
tVa Usted de compras todos |os das?
2ouin hace
Exercise
|a
aCom
(Reading
cena en sU Casa?
La segundt
Read this
Forming questions
These are the answers. !hat were the questions?

Example: EI tren saIe a |a5 diez. 2A qu hora saIe
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
e| tren?
sec,
Querido
El tren llega a las once.
Salgo de casa a las nueve Y media.

E| banco est cerrado.
Hay trescientos emp|eados en esta fbrica.
Vengo a la oficina a Pie.
Hay una farmacia al final de la calle.
La sesin empieza a |as ocho y cuarto.
Tengo un coche grande.

Coyo el autobs para ir a
Vive en Nueva York.
exer
'le t
J
SabeS t
l-10,.,
eyecto,
,l
y1o 5|a
?*
la
of icina
m 'intlS
|a oficina.
I leso c
has?a
Ia
l,
?u",,
\r lu$o
sqrSo c
21
comprende usted el espaol hablado?
-')
q.;t
o (.Jo
.^
Uu
1o i".
Mi z:ids diaria
Listen to Ana describing her daily routine, and write down any times
she
mentions.
I
2
3
1Crno es su aida:
1 At what time does the man get up?

2 At what time does he leave the house?
3 Give the two timcs when he usua1l1, arrives
4 How long is his lunch-time?
5 $7hen does he have lunch?
6 \hat r'n'ould he prer?
62
''I,{ISTERING
SPINIIS'I
at his office
$here ex
$hat doe
How doe
At what t
!here dc
$hen do
How doe
.comPrende usted e| espaol escrito?

(Reading exercises)
La segunda cctrta de Lolo

Read this second letter from Lola, and then answer the questions in English
ffir.rrrt,
(,-,r*r*
jh.T ?,
I
3
",.:r:,
s::;,,";,,:
":,::,,il,,:,::
Gtle
!!a":T;^ |
1onlera. -,:
l: {",ff #:*Pr#o"i1,r![
I;zei":::
rnoarrr
5t1qo iiu Cag a ?as tho <|iez 1vo1 a {e a
la
?ot
I
cerca. l eft lq cofe Ftre-nq1".qunos
"".l
;t,."; T;,"y"IU)
l;,.r':'i. I
l::c" z' ; " :' [, i i ? i r ::^; :";n,,n3.:;:
sotre l:'-o,*-J rnadrc,
,1
a ?ue,a ,leI So . Vueiuo"o l, a1,ci,ta.

-J hosfc. {os cinco t med.ro ast. EnTnces.-^
l luqo 1roLai"
,.oio"J'a"
d ca:.a d.on& 1>rerr k cexo .
opi.ino \ Vol
.r-n
|t1o'.{.i.l - .nu.J -f runquitri r.o
l 't u,. es rnl 't,ic1o ail;
' o{"o
t"
1o
io'
l
I
fqmbien'
a-burridcr
Ua
aLrozo,
.[osadq
times she
1 Where exactly does Lola live?

2 \7hat does she have for company?
3 How does she get to work, and how long does
4 At what time does she arrive at her office?
5 $here does she have lunch?
6 Vhen does she leave her office in the evening?
7 How does she describe her life in Madrid?
it take?
lEN QUE TLABAJA LTSTED? 63
Rompecabezas
1Qu se t
Match one
(Puzzles)
the second
Crucigr arrta de nrnero s.

(Al1 the answers are numbers.)
lz(
^
LL\ ./
3t(
4Tz
5tL
6tL
7M
8z(
9zL
10
Y=+:menos=-.POf=X
Vertical
Mil menos ochocientos.
Hoizontales
2 Once y once.
3 Cien menos ochenta y ocho.
4 Veinte por tres.
5 Trescientos cincuenta por dos.
6 Cuatro por cuatro.
7 Cincuenta y veinte.
8 Mil menos quinientos.
9 Doce menos nueve.
ln
- ian
Ciento cincuenta y ciento cincuenta
nnr
n| |\/
2l
Quse dice?
Match one sentence from the first column to the correct second sentence from
the second column. You can use each phrase once onlv.
l
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
l0
2Ouin es usted?
2Cuntos aos tiene usted?
1Cmo se |lama usted?
Tanto gusto.
2De qu color es7
2De dnde eres7
Muchas gracias.
1ou hora es7

2Dnde est e| caf7
i.A qu hora sale e| taxi7
(a) Tengo cuarenta aos

(b) El gusto es mo.
(c) Es marrn.
(d) De nada.
(e) Son las tres y diez.
(0 Soy Juan Delgado.
(g) Al final de la calle.
(h) A las cuatro y media.
(i) Me ||amo Mara.
(i) Soy de Barcelona.
iEN QUE TRABAJA USTED? 65
Revision and seff-assessment

test for Chaptes t -5
9
l0
Does t
When
Section
@
Do the full test and mark it, using the mark scheme found at the end of the test.
Then revise fuliy any sections of the material rn Chapters 1 5 for which you did
not award yourself a good mark.
Section t
Read the interview or listen to it on the cassette. Ifvou have the cassette do not
read rhe interview.
Interzsieus
Hombre: Pase, seorita' pase. Sintese. 4Cmo
se 1lama usted?
Mu'1er: Me llamo Otilia Lzaro.

Hombre: ;Cmo se escribe su apellido?
Mu.1er: L.A-Z_A_R-o' Lzaro'
Hombre: Gracias. Y, idnde trabaja usted ahora?
Mu.1er: Trabajo en Galeras Mateo, la tienda de modas en la calle de Berceo.
Hombre: Y, icmo es el trabajo?
Mu..1er: Es bastante interesante, pero las horas son muy largas.
Hombre: Pues, esta tienda est abierta desde las nueve de la maana hasta la
una) y luego desde las cuatro hasta las siete y media. ;Est bien?
Mu..1er: Est muy bien, seor'

Hombre: Entonces usted empieza a trabajar aqu maana.
Mu.ier: Muchas gracias, seor'
Questions
Now write down the answers to the following questions.
I
2
3
,1
5
6
7
8
66
@) Nurnt
Write down
l
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
@ (b)
l
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
l0
How is it spelt?
MASTERING SPIAIISH
2Cun
Perso
1ouir
1Cmc
2Cun
2De dc
2Est L
2Dnd
2Es usl
2Traba
2A que
2Aqu
Mark
o
tJhere does the woman work?

What does she think about her job?
What is the one disadvantage she mentions?
What are the opening hours, of the man's shop, in the morning?
And in the afternoon?
2Cun
2Cun
2Cun
1Cun
1Cun
2Cun
2Cun
Write down
What does the man invite the woman to do?
\What does he ask first?
2Cun
2Cun
Section
2 marks per
Section 2(
2 marks per
Section 2(
2 marks per
Maximum t
9
l0
It
2\
i9
i of the test.
rich you did
;sette do nor
Does the woman get the job?

When does she start?
Section 2
(a) Nurnbers
Write down the total in words.
l
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
(p, (b)
1Cuntos son diez y cuatro?

2Cuntos son trece y doce?
1Cuntos son veinticinco y treinta y nueve?
2Cuntos son ochenta y Cuatro y quince?
2Cuntos son trescientos Veinte y doscientos treinta?
2Cuntos son ciento diez y cincuenta7
2Cuntos son cuatrocientos Cincuenta y quinientos veinte7
iCuntos son once y sesenta y dos?
iCuntos son doscientos catorce y trescientos dieciocho7
2Cuntos son quinientos cincuenta y cUatrocientos cincuenta?
Personal identity
Write down the genuine answers to the following questions:
le Berceo.
ana hasta la
l 2ouin es usted7
2 1Cmo se escribe7
3 2Cuntos aos tiene usted?
4 1De dnde es usted7
5 iEst Usted casado (casada)7
6 2Dnde est sU ciudad?
7 2Es Usted ing|S (ing|esa)7
8 2Trabaja usted en una oficinaT
9 tA qu hora va usted a su trabajo?
10 2Aqu hora termina su traba1o?
Mark Scheme
o
Section
Section 2(a)
2 marks per correct answer (maximum 20)

Section 2(b)
Maximum total 60
REVISION AND .SE'F.ISS''5'5-'14EN7
TEST
67
Se/y' assess rnent gr
a de
Over 50 excellent
30-50 satisfactory
Under 30 need for careful revision
zc
rit
Answers
Section
Lel
1 Come in and sit down.

2 Her name.
3 L-A-Z-A-R-O.
4 In a dress shop in Berceo
5 It's quite interesting.
6 The hours are long.
7 9 am-1 pm.
8 4 pm-7.30 pm.
9 Yes.
10 The next day.
Street.
Section 2
(a) Nurnbers
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Son
Son
Son
Son
Son
Son
Son
Son
Son
Son
catorce.
veinticinco.
sesenta y cuatro.
noventa y nueve.
quinientos cincuenta.
ciento sesenta.
novecientos setenta.
setenta y tres.
quinientos treinta Y dos.
mil.
Juego al gol
(b) Personal identity
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
B
Soy(+name).
Name spelt.
Tengo (+ number) aos.
Soy de (+ name of town).

Estoy casado (casada). No estoy casado (casada).
Mi ciudad est en el norte/surleste/oeste,/Centro de ing|aterra
Soy |ng|s (inglesa). No soy |ngls (inglesa).
Traba.lo en una oficina. No traba,lo en una oficina.
Voy a mi trabajo a las (+ time).
Termino mi trabaJo a las (+ time).
MASTERING sPlN1s1
oialogu
Dialogue
Juan and Me
have coffee
ir
Juan: Muy
lQuiere'
4ou hace usted en sus ratos

libres?
Leisure activities
Juego al golf
Dialogues
Diatogue
Juan and Mara Lpez have invited the Robinsons to dinner. After dinner they
have coffee in the sitting-room.
Juan: Muy bien. Vamos a
Sentarnos en
la sala de estar y a tomar
caf.
4Quiere usted caf, Juana?
;OUE HACE USTED ENSUS R4TOS LIBRES? 69
Joan: Gracias.
Juan: ;So1o o con leche?
Joan: Con leche, por favor.
Juan: ;Quiere azucar?
Joan. No, gracias.
Juan: ;Cmo quiere usted el ca,Roberto?
Robert: Solo, por favor,
Juan: Aqu tiene
Joan. No.
Maria: 'Dt
Vocabu
y c()n azucar.
usted. Y para Mara, un caf cortado. Es decir, mucho caf y

muy poca leche' 4verdad, Mara?
Mara; E,so es.

Joan: Una cena excelente. Muchas gracias, Mara.
Mara; De nada, Juana.
Juan: lQuiere un cigarrillo, Juana?
Joan: Gracias, no fumo.
Juan: ;Quiere uno, Roberto?
Robert' Gracias. Ya veo que tiene usted muchos libros, Mara.
Mara: S, soy muy aficionada a 1os libros. Por las tardes, cuando no
vamos a
sentarse ie)
la sala de es
querer
Zqulere
(ie)
Ust
tengo
que trabajar, me siento aqu, escucho uno de mis discos favoritos v leo mis
libros.
Robert; 4Qu clase de libros preficre usted?
Mara; Prefiero novelas romnticas. il'ee usted mucho, Roberto?
Robert: No, prefiero los deportcs. Soy aficionado al golf. Juego al golf todos
los fines de semana.
Maria juega usted al golf con su marido, Juana?
Joan: No. Si tengo tiempo, do1, un paseo por cl campo cerca del pueblo, .v, si
hace mal tiempo, veo la televisin.
Dialogue 2
Juan Lpez decides a brandy rvould go well with the coeeand offers some ttl
his guests.
)uan: ;Quicre usted un coac' Juana?

Joan: No, gracias, el coac eS muv fuerte.
Juan. IJn ans, entonces. El ans es ms Suave.
Joan; Gracias.
Juan: 4Roberto? 4Un coac?
Robert: S, gracias.
-Juan: Dos coacs y dos anises. Muy bien.
Mara: .Hay teatros en York, Roberto?
Robert: S' hay un teatro y dos cines.
Mara: ;Va usted al teatro?
Robert: No voy mucho porque las entradas son bastante caras' pero voy
al
cine de vez en cuando si hay una pelcula buena.

Joan: Hay muchos teatros aqu en Madrid, iverdad, Mara?
en Madrid hay de
que se dice de
lo
usted
discotecas.;Sabe
museos,
cines,
todo: teatros,
Madrid?
Mara'' S, hay muchos, v muchos cines tambin. Claro que
70
MASTERING SPINISH
Hay muchos
te
Joan: No.
Mara: .De Madrid
al cielo
es decir,
Madrid es la mejor ciudad del mundo.
Vocabulary
Lucho caf y
we're going to, let's

to sit down
vamos a
sentarse (ie)
la sala de estar
qittino-rnnm
to wish, want, love
do you want?
querer (ie)
2quiere ustedT
os y leo mis
W.
I golf todos
flu
lo no tengo
,*,
'\
I
rueblo, y, si
.*.
'yj
-#
*$
ers some to
pero voy
;-
,{ff
a1
adrid hay de
: se dice de
Hay muchos teatros aqu en
Madrid
1QUE HACE USTED EN SLrS RATOS
LIBRES?
e| azCar
e| caf Cortado
decir (i)
es decir
poco/a/os/as
el cigarrillo
fumar
ya
el libro
ser aficionado a
cuanoo
tener que + infinitive
tengo que traba.lar
me siento
escucnar
escucno
el disco
favorito/a/os/as
sugar
de vez en c
la pe|cuIa
tambin
craro que
de todo
el museo
book
saber
zsabe ustec
lo que
se dice
el cielo
to say, tell
that's to say
little, few
cigarette
to smoke
now, already
to be keen on, a fan of
when
to have to + infinitive
I have to work
I sit
to iisten to
I listen to
2prefiere ustedT
prefiero
la novela
el golf
golf
preferir
(ie):
romntico/a/os/as
el deporte
romantlc
jugar
to play
I piay golf
weekend
(ue)
.Juego al golf
el fin de semana
si
el tiempo
tengo trempo
aar
oar un paseo
ooy un paseo
er campo
ver |a te|evisin
veo |a te|evisin
el coac
fuerte
el anis
suave
el teatro
el cine
porque
la entrada
caro/a/os/as
la discotecz
me.1or,/es
el mundo
record
favourite
to read
I read
class, type
to prefer
do you prefer?
I prefer
novel
leer
leo
la clase
Ia vez
nearly-black coffee
sport
if
time
I have time
to give
to go for a walk
I go for a walk
countryside, field
to watch television
I watch television
cognac) brandy
strong
anisette
smooth, gentle
theatre
cinema
because
entrance ticket
dear
Explan
(a) Expr,
'Vamos a'
Vamos
Vamos
(b) Expr,
The irregul
lowing pattr
Ouiero
Ouiere
Usted c
To ask if
so
4Ouiert
To ask if
so
2Ouierr
The answer
S' quie
No, no
time, occasion
from time to time
IA VCZ
de vez en cuando
|a pelcula
tambin
claro que
de todo
fi1m
also
of course, it is clear that
everything
museum
discotheque
to know
do you know?
what
it is said, one says
heaven, sky
better, best
el museo
la discoteca
saber
2sabe usted?
ro que
se dice
el cielo
me-1or,/es
el mundo
world
Explanations
(a) Expressing a future intention: Let's ... - gra?n?tlar ref 9
'Vamos a' + infi.nitiae expresses yourfuture intention:
Vamos a tomar caf.
Let's have a coffee. (We're going to
Vamos a ir al cine.
Let's go to the cinema. ($7e're going
have a coffee.)
to go to the cinema.)
(b) Expressing a usish or a
usctrtt
- grs??t?nctr ref 7(ia)
The irregular verb 'querer' is used ro express a wish or a want and has the following pattern:
Ouiero
Ouiere
Usted quiere
I want
He/she wants
You want
To ask if someone wants something, you

2Ouiere usted un cigarrillo?
say:
Do you want a cigarette?
To ask if someone wants to do somethingr you

2ouiere usted tomar caf7
say:
Do vou want to have a coffee?
The answers to such questions are as follows:

S' quiero un cigarriIlo.
No, no quiero tomar caf.
Yes, Iwantacigarette.
No, I don't want to have a coffee.
1QUE HACE USTED ENSUS
L4TOS LIBRES?
73
(c) Expressing
'Saber' is alsc
preference - gra??Lrnar ref 7 (io)
The irregular verb 'preferir' is used to express a preference and has the following pattern:
telfor
I prefer
Prefiero
Prefiere
Usted prefiere
He/she prefers
You prefer
To ask about someone's preference) you
1ou prefiere Usted, vino
coac?
;Prc'firrrr'r r<fer eg; o escUChar
discosT
(g) Expre:
say:
Which do you prefer, w1ne or

brandv?
Do you prefer to read or listen
to records?
The answers to these questions are:

Prefiero vino.
Prefiero leer.
something:
a'is
Soy aficionado (aficionada) al

tenis.
Juan es aficionado al golf

Marta es aficionada al cine.
ZEs Usted aficionado a| ftbol7
.
If a precise ti
cin<
teatro.
John is keen on golf.

Martha is keen on the cinema.
Are you keen on football?
(h) Sorne
Escuchar
Escucho
I've got to work.
Ver
Veo la te
Juan ve
Frank has to play golf
Mary has to go to the cinema.

You have to play tennis.
13
The verb 'saber' is used to express an abilitv and has an irregular first person
singular:
Leer
Leo nove
Mara |ee
Dar un p
Doy un
Paco da
tr
S;ugar a| golf.
Juan sabe jugar al tenis.
Marta no sabe hacer caf
john knows how to play tennis.

Martha does not know how to make
2Sabe usted bailar?
Do you know how to dance?
I know how to play golf.
cofee'
MASTERING SPINISI
Por |a m
Por la tar
Por la nc
A las
I'm keen on tennis.
The irregular verb 'tener que' + infinitive is used to express an obligation:
74
Por las t;
used to express a keenness or liking for
(f) Expressing an ability to do sortething - gra?nrnar ref
each section
If the activity
the plural.
(e) Expressing an obligation - gv'attlttxsr ref 15

Tengo que traba.;ar.
Paco tiene que )ugar al golf.
Mara tiene que ir a| cine.
Usted tiene queJugar al tenis
Spaniards di
afternoon an
sitio.
I prefer wine.
I prefer to read.
(d) Expressing q keenness for sornething

The phrase'ser aficionado
No s la
2Sabe us
Jugar
Juego al
Juan _iue
2Juega
'Saber' is also used to express knowing facts:

s the follow-
No s la direccin'
2Sabe usted e| nmero de
te|fono?
I don't know the address.

Do you know the telephone
number?
(g) Expressing the tirne of day

Ie or
listen
you do sornething
Sections: the morning |a maana;
ushen
Spaniards divide their day into three

the
afternoon and evening - la tarde; and the night - la noche. They introduce
each section of their day with the preposition 'por':
Por la maana Voy a la oficina.
Por la tarde voy al teatro.
Por la noche no Voy a ningn
sitio.
In the morning I go to the office.

In the evening I go to the theatre.
At night I don't go anywhere.
If the activity occurs every morning, afternoon or evening, the noun is put into
the plural.
Por las tardes voy al
rr liking for
cine.
If a precise time is mentioned the preposition 'por' is replaced by 'de':
A las cinco de la tarde voy
teatro.
lema.
)
rgatlon:
ema.
ref 13
'first person
:enn1s.
rw to make
rce?
In the evenings I go to the cinema.
al
At five in the afternoon I go to the

theatre.
(h) Some leisure octiaities - grsnrnar refs 7 (i), (ia),
(z:)
Escuchar
Escucho la radio.
To listen to
I listen to the radio.
Ver
To see, watch, look (at teleuision)

I watch television.
Veo la te|evisin.
Juan ve |a te|evisin.
John watches television.
Leer
Leo novelas romnticas.
Mara lee peridicos.
To read
I read romantic novels.
Dar un paseo
Doy un paseo por el campo.
Paco da un paseo por la ciudad.
To go for a walk
I go for a walk in the country.
Frank goes for a walk in the city.
Jugar
Juego al golf
To play (sports)
I play golf.
Juan..luega al tenis.
|Juega usted al ftbo|?
Mary reads newspapers.
John plays tennis.

Do you play football?
1QUE HACE USTED
ENSUS RATOS LIBRES? 7s
(i) Cornparing one thing usith another
Robert: 1(
Usred: (S,
Robert: N
granLvngr re 2(<li)
.que':
The basic word for comparisons is .ms' followed by
interesante que el ftbol.

Tennis is more interesting than football.
El coac es ms fuerte que el ans'
Brandy is stronger than anisette.
E| tenis es ms
(\)
Exercise
Play the par
Maria: ;H
Usted: (S,
Mara: .Vr
Usted: (S,
If one thing is better than another the word 'mejor' is used:

El cine es meJor que el teatro.
The cinema is better than the theatre.
EI tenis e5 meJor que e| ftbo|.
Tennis is better than football.
the cinet
.el,
If you wish to say that something is best you still use 'mejor' but place
'la'before it:
How would
or
El tenis es el me.;or deporte del mundo.

Tennis is the best sport in the world.
Madrid es la me_;or ciudad del mundo.
Madrid is the best city in the world.
Exercise
Example:1(
Exercises
o The key
Exercise
p. 304.
Getting what you want
Juan: ;Quiere usted caf, Juana?

Usted: (Say thank you.)
Juan: lSolo o con leche?
Usted: (Say with milk please.)
Juan: lQuiere azicar?
Usted: (Say no thank yott.)
Saying what you do in your leisure time
Play the part of MaraLpez in the following dialogue.
Robert: Ya veo que tiene usted muchos libros, Mara.

Usted: (Say 1tes, you are r,tery keen on books. In the eaenings
to zuork,
76
you
sit here, listen to one of
MASTERING SPINIS-I
Example: 1(
How would you change your part to get black coffee with sugar?
Exercise
Exercise
somethin
when you do not haae
your fauourite records and read your books.)
1 Jugar al
2 DarunS
3 lr de cor
4 Ver la te
5 Escucha
Robert: ;Qu clase de libros prefiere usted?

Usted: (Say you prefer romantic noaels. Ask Robert
Robert: No, prefiero los deportes.
oi)
Exercise
if he reads a lot.)
Saying what leisure facilities exist
Mara: ;Hay teatros en York, Roberto?

Usted: (Say yes, there is one theatre and two cinemas.)
Mara: iVa usted al teatro?
Usted: (Sag you do not go much because the tickets are
rather dear, but )ou go to
film on.)
How would you change the dialogue to describe your own town?
the cinema from time to time, if there is a good
rlace 'el' or
(\I
Exercise
Offering something to someone
"
Exercise 5 Asking if someone wishes to do

something
Example: 2Ouiere usted jugar al golf?
I
2
3
4
5
Jugar al tenis.
Dar un paseo.
Ir de comoras.
Ver |a televisin.
Escuchar un disco.
u do not haz;e
t.
your books.)
1QUE HACE U9TED
ENsus RTos LIBRES?
77
(\ )
Exercise
8 lSabe
Expressing a preference for something
9
10
Prefer the thing in brackets.
Example: 2Ouiere usted un vaso de agua? (Un vaso de vino) No, prefiero
vaso de vino.
1
2
3
4
5
t\')
2ouiere
1auiere
2Ouiere
2ouiere
2ouiere
Exercise
usted
usted
usted
usted
usted
caf solo7 (Un caf con |eche)

coac? (Un ans)
vaso de vino? [Una cerveza)
t? (Un caf)
Un caf con |eche7 (Un caf cortado)
un
un
un
un
Prefer the activity in brackets.

Example: lOulere usted ir al cine? {lr al teatro) No, prefiero ir al teatro.
l
2
3
4
5
|a te|evisin? (Dar un paseo)

usted sentarse en la sala de estarT (lr de compras)
2auiere
2Ouiere
2Ouiere
2Ouiere
usted escuchar un discoT (Leer un libro)

usted ir al museoT (lr a la discoteca)
ustedJUgar al golf? (Jugar al tenis)
Example: El tenis. Soy aficionado (aficionada
al tenis.
Los libros.
Los discos.
El cine.
El teatro.
Give your or
Example: 4C
sante que ei
2ou es
2Ou es
2Ou es
2Ou es
4ou es
Exercise
Example:
...
I ... la te
2 ... al cir
3 ... al gc
4 ...unp
5 ... nove
... afici<
7 ... muc
8 ... discc
9 ... al ter
10 ...)uga
La te|evisin.
Exercise
Do you o dont you?
l
2
3
4
5
6
7
'l
2Ouiere usted Ver
Exercise 8 Expressing a keenness for something
I
2
3
4
5
2Es ust
Exercise
1
2
3
4
5
Expressing a Peference for doing something
1ou
2lee usted nove|as romnticas7

2Juega usted al gol?
2Va usted al cine?
2Da usted un paseo por el campo cuando hace buen tiempo?
2Escucha usted Ia radio?
2Juega usted al tenisT
2lee usted muchos libros?
7B MASTERING SPINISII
R f:c"-*
(Listening
e>
Mi tiernpo
Listen to thr
cioing in thei
8
9
10
prefiero un
(\,)
2Sabe usted Jugar al ftbol7

2ou prefiere Usted, el cine o el teatroT
ZEs usted aficionado {aficionada) a |a televisin7
Exercise
WhatS your opinion?
Give your own opinion.

Example: 2ou es ms interesante, el cine o e| teatro7 E| cine es ms interesante oue el teatro.
ething
eatro.
l 2ou es ms
2 2au es ms
3 iou es ms
4 aou es ms
5 4ou es ms
fuerte, e| vino o el coac?

fcil, e| ing|s o e| espao|?
Exercise I t
Add the verb
grande, Londres o Madrid?

caro' e| teatro o e| crne7
barato, e| vino o |a cerveza?
Example: ...la radio. Escucho la radio.
1 ..' |a te|evisin.
2 ... al cine.
3 ... al golf
4 ... un paseo por la ciudad.
5 ... nove|as romnticas.
6 ... aficionado {aficionada) al tenis
7 ... muchos libros
8 ... discos de msica clsica.
9 ... al tenis.
l0 '''Jugaralftbo|
.
4Comprende usted el espao| habla do?

ol
Mi tiernpo libre
Listen to the tape and write down in English what the Spanish speakers like
doing in their spare time.
IQUE HACE USTED ENSUS RATOS LIBRES? 79
iQu hgces en tus ratos libres? (What
tirne?)
do
you do in yourfree
I $7hat two things does Marisa like doing in her free time?
2 Which is her favourite sport?
3 Which two other sports does she like? Select the correct
ones from the
following:
,1
5
6
(a) el boxeo (boxing) (b) los bolos (ten-pin bowling) (c) el billar (billiards)
1d1 las carreras por carretera (road races) (e) las carreras de caballos (horse
racing) (f) las carreras de maratn (marathon races)
$hat does she do wherl it rains?
Which sport does the man play well?
What two other thinss does he like?
6Comprende usted el espao| escrito?

(Reading exercises)
Multicines
Look at the section of the Entertainments Guide from a Spanish newspaper on
the next page, and then answer the questions in English. (You may need to use
vour dictionarv.)
I Which film is on at the Sala l?

2 $7hat did science do to this ordinary man?
3 What do you think (M.13) tells you?
4 Which film is on at the Sala 2?
5 What is the most dangerous way of solving a crime
6
7
8
9
l0
according to the
advertisement?
Who can go to see the film in Sala 5 as indicated bv (T.P.)?
Which three words are used to describe the film in Sala 6?
Which ilm is on at the Sala 8?
Which two words are used to describe it?
Who can go to see it as indicated by (M.18)?
B0 MASTERING sPlN1s1
Wree
srr'L' 1
&a rn
|rqo cgnta. b dextt
locwtc.
EL GORTADOR DE CESPEII
rkruio:
6,x)' 8,$ y |0,$ m 13L
'l,l,
sAL.f, pcligm
2
res from the
bru
lar (billiards)
ballos (horse
tlo*ario:
2".
srrAu
da.lw m tt*.
vti a Yktiro
m&
ARENAS BLANCAS
4,$, 6,il), 8.S y
s'Lll
10,a)
{Iit l&
3.. SEMANA
vuolto otn u MEL GlBSOta,
DANNY GLOBEB v JOE PESCI sr
L! rogit ht
ARMA LETAL
Horario: 5, 7,30
sAL 4
pc|cul. dr suspcn$ tgn cxch&to
irrilo
QUE lflEcE
Hoado: 4,30, 6,30, 8,30 y
s,llLll
(M.
13.)
14.' SEMANA
o6dc rAt.8ccit FstE|,, m hs
rA
III
y t0
hsbido
@m
3t.
LA GuLt
10,30
(M. t3)
5.. SEMANA
so gnent s |s modoro cM|izacit... o
di |8 s|v8 atwoiu...
Lls ulTtitos DlAs llEt
Horario: 4,30, 6,30. 8,30
10,O
Hltt
ff.
P.l
Slll/l 6
2.. SEMANA
c'int Eastw@d, Gffi Ham8n, ff
SIN PERDON
cl3i, mri$t|J@. tpa3iontntc

(M.
Horario: 5, 7,30 y 1O
Lewspaper on
y need to use
18)
SllLA Z
3.. SEMANA
En 1977' slEb8 dfitro' s 1986' $ ro.
p3r8 siemprg. En 1992, n6t.o3 pooos tm
rs I han hrcho .o8lidad. Ha vuelto:
ALIEN,.3
Horario: 5, 7,3O
1O
s5,LA a
(M.
18)
2.. SEMANA
Tom Cruiso y Ni@13 Kidman,
UII HORIZOI{TE MUY LEJAHO

Furia y pasin
rding to the
Horario: 5, 7.3o
Y 1o
(M. 8}
programacin T|no.: 25 29 96
C/ Solarillo de Gracia, 9
.QUE HACE USTED ENSUS RATOS LIBRES?
BI
Rompec
TV/Prograrnacin
(Puzzles)
You are on holiday in Spain and decide to watch television. Look at this TV
Guide and answer the questions in English.
Palabras
Crack the co
0,45
Co,lto
cton.
de
I
presen|o.
07,00 Tele Erp. Programa

oe servlclos.
Feivo| de
El
Popeve.
prncipe impostbr.
|2,40 Bo|inon..Dibujs animados.

13,(X) Amor o primero vislo.
Programa concurso.
de
:l ]l"1|r:|:i:!|]]Il
jir*l+jii:i$rsrl!'il jj]il$ijiiiili||l|
l4J0 El diorio in de sgrro.

no.
15,00 E!
EE UU,
minutos. Director:
Intrpretes: James Cagney, Hont Buchholz.

20J0 E| dioo.
tne. *El
ripre de
Esnapun,. Aeania.
20,55
Informa-
cin meteorolgica.
lJos repo^rleros. Programa
lnlormattvo con
reportajes de actua-
22,00
ri: i: i t:;i:::: ti: t:;::
tt:
Ut:l i
minutos de duracin
cada uno.
01.50 Despedido y cielre de
Io misin..
dos disputado por

los equipos andalu-
What is on Canal Sur at 15.30?

What do you think .ol tus vdeos' a L7.45 will be about?
When can you see the Weather Forecast?
What will 'Los reporteros' be about?
\hat will you see if you watch TV at 22.00?
Alled
HitrhcocL Serie de 14
de la jornada futbo.
ces.
i:;rl!i:ii:: i: l; l:!i:il:it;lr:: ii: r: ii
captulos de
z
3
Mara es
Pedro prr
Carolina
Pedro prr
Aditsnelo
Lo holo de
[o iugodo. Resumen
Hubschmid.
Con
Debra Page-t, Paul
::i::
lidad.
lstica, con especial

atencin a los oarti.
1959,
Fritz Lans.
I
2
3
4
5
El fiempo.
97 minutos. Director:
Francia, Italia,
Beatrice Straight.
00,50
fiempo
del
per. Intrpretes:
Craig T. Nelson,
Jobeth Williams
tres>.
1961, b/n, 104
Billy Wilder.
|5'05 lgs toruoos J{inio.
l5J0 los orunier oventuios
minulos.
Director: Tobe Hoo-
nestro vido.
<Uno. dos.
14,00Dinomuen. Dibujos
anlmaoos.
lS8l, l0q
|8'45las meiorcs pe|olos
ma religioso.
||30
tergeist>. EE UU,
17'45 0| tus deoc.
09J0 Teigos hoy. Progra.

|0'00
23,00 Domingo Gine. .pols-
|7,|5 lieeerrse.
Each of thes<
common lett,
leisure activir
Teatro
Caf
Libro
Suave
Favorito
Disco
Ans
Cine
Deporte
Mundo
Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)
rk at this TV
Pslabras en claoe
Crack the codes to work out what these people do in their spare time.
cine.
EE"PolsUU,
'.
9 minutos.
Tobe Hoo-
1
2
3
4
Mara es aficionada al twnxs.

Pedro prefiere Jugar al gvucpm.
Carolina es aficionada a las mnudkzr.
Pedro prefiere jug ar al 8Il 611317
.
trpretes:
l.
Nelson,
Williams,
Straight.
de
A dir: ne lo ( Gue
Alred
, Serie de 14
os de
60
de duracin
ciere de
s s zu
ork)
Each of these pairs of words has at least one letter in common. Take the correct
common letter from each pair and you will make a new word which is a popular
leisure activity.
Teatro
Caf
Libro
Suave
Favorito
Disco
Anis
Cine
Deporte
Mundo
FtboI
Entrada
Golf
Fuerte
Novela
Cigarrillo
Discoteca
PelcuIa
Museo
Romntico
;OUEHACEUSTED ENSUS RATOS LIBRES?
83
Dependient
Una
Dependient
Joan:
2ou desea?
Joan:
Azu
Dependient
Joan: Es n
Obtaining goods and services
Dependient
iAh,
Dependient
Joan:
Joan:
S, p
Dependient
(Joan e;
marido.
-Joan: iQu,
Robert; Es
Dependient
Joan: Mu]
Dependient
ffi'
m &w&Tffi%,
Vamos de compras
Dialooues
Diatogue
Before leaving Madrid, the Robinsons decide to go shopping to buy clothes for
Joan Robinson and shoes for Robert Robinson. They arrive at the ladies' dress
shop la tienda de modas.
Dependierrta: Buenos das, seora' aQu desea?
Joan:
84
Quisiera ver algunos vestidos de verano, por favor.
MASTERING S-PIA'.TSI
Dialogue
Next the Rol

Dependient;
Robert: Qu
Dependienta' Muy bien, seora. ;Qu talla, por
Joan: Una
favor?
treinta y ocho.
Dependienta. Bien. ;De qu color quiere el vestido?
Joan: Azul, creo, o quizs verde.
Dependienta: 4Este, por ejemplo?
Joan: Es muy bonito, pero' .no tiene usted otro ms claro?
Dependienta: Ms claro. Vamos a ver. eEste, entonces?
Joan: 1Ah, s! se es muy bonito. ;De qu es? iDe niln?
Dependienta: No, seora. Es de algodn ;Quiere probrselo?
Joan. S, por favor.
Dependienta: E.l probador est por aqu, seora.
(Joan entra en el probador
y se pone el vestido. Sale y habla con
su
marido.)
Joan:
;Qu te parece' cario?
Robert; Es muy bonito. ;Cunto

Dependienta' Doce mil peSetas'
Joan: Muy
vale?
seor.
bien. Me 1o quedo.
Depend|enta: Gracias, seora' ;Quiere pagar en caja? Por aqu.
T*%,
ly clothes for
ladies'dress
Dialogue 2
Next the Robinsons head for the shoe
shop
la zapateria
Dependienta: Buenos das, seor. 4Qu desea?

Robert: Quisiera ver algunos zapatos, por favor.
1QUE
DESEA?
85
2qu desea
querer [ie)
quisiera
algunos/as
el vestido
la talla
azul/es
quizs
verde/s
por e.1emplc
claro/a/os/z
e|
niln
el a|godn
probarse (u,
2quiere prot
el probador
entrar
ponerse
se pone
Dependienta: Muy bien, seor. ;Qu nmero gasta ustedi

Robert: Un cuarenta Y dos.
Dependienta: Y, ide qu color?
Robert; Marrones.
Dependienta: IJn momento' por favor. stos, por ejemplo. Un cuarenta y dos
y marrones.
Robert: S, son bastante bonitos, pero' .no tiene usted otros ms oscuros?
Dependienta: Claro que s' stos,entonces' Son muy bonitos 1'tambin ms
oScuros. 1Quiere probrse1os?
Robert: S, gracias. 1A1r, son un poco estrechos! iTiene usted un cuarenta 1' tres?
Dependienta: S, seor. Aqu tiene usted. IJn cuarenta v tres.
Robert: ;Ah, s! stosso.' mucho ms cmodos. iQu te parecen) cario?
Joan:
Son muy bonitos. 4Cunto valen?
Deoendienta: Valen cinco mil pesetas.

Robert: Muy bien. Estos' por favor.
Deoendienta: Gracias, seor' ;Quiere pagar en
hablar
habla
parecer
1qu te part
cario
valer
2cunto vaIt
queoarse
me lo quedc
pagar
la cala
los zapatos
gastar
4qu nmer
oscuro/a/os,
esecno/a/(
cmodo/a/c
caja?
Expfana
(a) Shops
Vocabu
la tienda de modas
la dependienta
desear
MASTERING sPl^?sH
The opening
fashion shop
shop assistant
to wish, want
9 am-l.l
4.30 pm
2que deseaT
querer
what can I do for you? (what do you
want?)
to wish, want
I would like
some
dress
size (of clothing)
(ie)
quisiera
algunos,/as
el vestido
la talla
azul/es
quizs
verde/s
blue
perhaps
green
for example
light (of coiour)
por e-lemplo
claro/a/os/as
el niln
nylon
cotton
to try on (of clothing)
do you wish to try it on?
fitting-room
to enter, go in
to put on (of clothing)
e| a|godn
probarse (ue)
ZquIere probrselo?
el probador
entra r
ponerse
se pone
he/she puts on
to speak, talk
he/she speaks
to seem, appear
how does it seem to you? what do you
hablar
habla
parecer
2qu te parece?
cario
vater
larenta y dos
f,scuros?
:ambin ms
arenta y tres?
cario?
ZcUnto Vale7
queoarse
me lo quedo
pagar
la cala
ros zapatos
gastar
2qu nmero 9a5ta usted?
oscuro/a/os/as
estrecho/a/os/as
cmodo/a/os/as
think?
darling
to be worth
how much is it worth? how much is it?
to take (ofpurchases)
I'll take it (colloquial)
to pay
cash desk
shoes
to take (of shoe sizes)
what size do you take (of shoes)?
dark (of colour)
tight (of clothing and shoes), narrow
(of street, etc.)
comfortable
Explanations
(a) Shops and shopping
The opening hours for shops are normally:
9 am-1.30 pm
4.30 pm-7.30 pm
1QUE
DESEA?
87
Department stores in major cities usually open from 10 am to 8 pm and most

post offices are open from 9 amto 2 pm, with some also opening from 4 pm to
6 pm. Banks are open from 9 am to 2 prn. Tobacco and cigarettes are sold at
the state-owned Shops called 'eStanCOS' and these shops also sell Stamps, stationery and most official forms.
Sizes for clothes are different in Spain:
Clothes
Britain 8
Spain 36
Shoes
Britain 3
Spain 36
Collar
Britain 13
Spain 33
10
38
12
40
4
37
13'12
34
L4
42
16
44
38
6789
39 40
14
3516
37
l4tl2 l5
38
18
46
4L
20
48
22 24
50 52
42
10
43
26
54
11
44
12
45
r5112 16
39
(e) Gioini
Ifyou are
br
2Ou ta
and you rep
and you rep
Un cuar
la libreria
la lecheria
(f) Ashinl
If you wish
Common exceptions to this pattern are:
to use is:
|a panadera
|a carnicera
2No tier
otro/otl
desire
Note
The explanations of grammatical points are divided into two sections in the rest
of the book: A for those wishing to obtain a simple, 'survival' knowledge; and B
for those who wish to go further in their study of Spanish'
td
2No tier
2No tier
(g) Estab
(b) Finding out if a product is oaoilable - grarnrnar refs
q2tiene usted' + name of product?

lJse the phrase
(ii)
'
2Tiene Usted peridicos Ing|eses7 Do you have English newspapers?

Do you have suede shoes?
;Ticnc tr,ted 7;loAtos de ante?
.
| |L
|L
(c) Saying
ushot
you usant - grst?x?vlar ref
(iz:)
Ouiero un litro de leche.

Ouiero una botella de vino.
MASTERING SPIN/S1
(io)
IJse the phr
2De qur
Es de al
2De qut
Son de
(h) Ashin
Mrs Robins
IJse the verb 'quiero' + name of product:
BB
Ouisier;
4ou nt
|a zapatera
er pan
ta carne
Ouisierz
veran
However, w
40
Shop
los zapatos
los libros
la leche
Use the vert
Una tre
There is a simple pattern for recognising shop names:

Product
(d) Sayin.
litre of milk.
I want a bottle of wine.
I want a
1ou te
Hor
n and most
om4pmto
i are sold at
Itamps, sta-
(d) Saying u:hat you ztsould lihe to see

Use the verbal phrase 'quisiera ver' + name of product:
Ouisiera ver alcunos vestidos

verano.
Ouisiera ver algunos zapatos
24
52
26
54
ll
t2
44
45
de
I'd like to
see some summer
dresses.
I'd like to
see some shoes.
(e) Giaing your size - grarnrnar ref 3

If you are buying most types of clothing the assistant
iou ta||a' por
will say:
\What size, please?
favor?
and you reply with your size:
A thirty-eight.
Una treinta y ocho.
However, when buying shoes the assistant will probably ask:
iOu nmero gasta Usted?
!7hat size do vou take?
and you reply with the number of your size:
A forty-two.
Un cuarenta y dos
(f) Asking to see alternotiae sizes and styles - gra?tlt?Lar ref 2(t:i)
If you wish to see smaller or bigger sizes or lighter or darker colours the phrase
to use ls:
;
l\ln tiano
otr
ns in the rest
leclge; and B
o / otr a /
rcl_ar'l
otros,/otras ms
Don't you have any others?

which are more + desired qualitv?
desired quality?
2No tiene Usted otros ms baratos? Don't you have any others which are
cheaper?
2No tiene Usted otro ms
grande7 Don't
you have a bigger one?
(g) Establishing the rnaterial

s
7(ii), (ia)
Use the phrase .2De qu es?' or' in the plural, .2De qu son7.
2De qu es?
F< 11c
rrcnqnerq)
t?
z|nnr1n
2De qu son?
Son de piel.
What's it made o
It's cotton.
What are they made of.)
They're made of leather
(h) Asking and expressing an opinion - gra?tlt?xar ref 14

Mrs Robinson asks her husband's opinion of the dress:
)r r tp
narare)
LL
;
cvvL
How does it seem to you? (What do you think of it?)

1QUE
DESEA?
89
and he replies:
\/lc n.arcre
'Me parecer
mrrrl [6pj[g'
Me pare
Me pare
It seems very nice to me. (I think it's very nice.)
.2ou |e pa
Similarly, he asks her opinion of the shoes:

i
the pronoun
l t tc nzrercn)
How do they seem to you? (What do you think of them?)
aOu |e
2Ou |e
and she answers:
Me parecen muy bonitos.

They seem very nice to me. (I think they're very nice.)
:C\l l |e
lta
' avvL
,L l(r
1Ou le
If strangers were speaking the pronoun 'te' would be replaced by 'le':
ZoU |e parece7
Me parece muy grande.
(i) Asking
the
$7hat do you think of it?

I think it's very big.
iOu |e
More comp
1Est
price - gra?txtnar ref 3
\X/hen asking the price of a singular ob ject use the phrase .2cunto va|e?'
2Cunto vale |a fa|da?

Vale seis mil pesetas.
How much is the skirt?

It's 6000 pesetas.
For a plural object use the phrase .Zcunto va|en7'

2Cunto Va|en |os zapatos?
Valen cinco mil pesetas.
How much are the shoes?

They're 5000 pesetas.
e|
Me part
2A qu
Me parr
(l) Furtht
'Vale'and,
further uses
2Vale?
(j) Concluding the sale - grqrn?7xar refs 5(i), (ii)
Vengo
Vale aq
To conclude the sale and convey to the assistant rhat you wish to purchase the
skirt, blouse, tie or whatever, use the phrase 'me lo quedo' - 'lo' is used for a
Lo sien
No vale
masculine singular noun, 'la' for a feminine singular, 'los' for masculine plurals
and 'las' for feminine piurals:
(El bolso) Me lo quedo.
(La falda) Me la quedo.
(Los guantes) Me los quedo.
(Las blusas) Me las quedo.
I'll take it.

I'll take it.
['ll takc them.
I'11
take them.
(k) Expressing opinions using the aerb 'parecer' - gra??L?rrar ref 14

'Me parece' + adjectiae enqbles you to express s range of sirnple
opinions:
Me parece muy bonito.

Me parece bastante estrecho.
Me parece muy caro.
90 MASTERING SPIN/S/
I think it's very nice.

I think it's fairly tight.
I think it's very dear.
Exercis
O
The key
Exercise
Play the
pz
dresses, siz
Dependier
Usted: (l
'Me parecen' + adjective gives you a similar range with plural objects:
Me parecen muy oscuros.
Me parecen bastante baratos
.iou le parece?' is used to
I think they're very dark.

I think they're fairly cheap.
ask someone'S opinion of a singular object, with
the pronoun changing to 'te' in the familiar form:
2ou |e (te) parece la habitacin? What do you think of the room?

1ou |e (te} parece mi sombrero? rVhat do you think of my hat?
.2ou |e (te) parecen?' is used to ask opinions about plural objects:
1ou le (te) parecen los espao|es? What do you think about the
2ou |e {te) parecen |as
Spanish?
do you think about the meals?
comidas7 What
More complex sentences are formed by using 'me parece que'

1Est el seor Gonz|ez7
Me parece que no est.

2A qu hora sa|e e| tren7
Me parece que sale a las diez.
valeT'
+ phrase:
Is Mr Gonzlez in?
I think he's not in.
$7hat tiine does the train leave?
I think it leaves at ten o'clock.
(l) Further uses of 'valer'

'Vale' and, for plural objects, 'valen' enable you to ask a price, but the verb has
further uses:
OI(? (Do you agree?)
2Vale?
rurchase the
is used for a
I'11
ln
I'm sorry but it's no use to me.

It's not worth the trouble.
sicnt nero no me Va|e

No vale la pena.
uline plurais
come at ten o'clock. OI(?

Here is ine, thank you. (To a taxi
Vengo a las diez. 2Vale?

Va|e aqu, gracias.
driver.)
Exercises
a
rnar ref 14
,f
sirnple
Exercise
Saying what you want
Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue. Ask to see summer
dresses, size 38, in blue or green.
Dependienta: Buenos das, seora. eQu desea?
Usted;
(Ask to
see some summer dresses, please.)
IQUE DESEA?
91
Dependienta: Muy bien, seora. ;Qu talla, por favor?
Usted:
(Say
-78.)
Dependienta: Bien. ;De qu color quiere
Usted:
el vestido?
(Say blue, you think, or perhaps green.)

Dependienta: ;ste, por ejemplo?
n\
JE
|l
t-l
Exercise 2 Asking to see othe goods and establishing

what things ae made of
a--l
llll-.1
lriltrl--l
IEll
Play the part of Joan Robinson in the foliowing dialogue. Ask to see a lighter
colour and find out what the dress is made of.
tt,:t
lEl
\=,
Dependienta: 1ste, por ejemplo?
Usted:
(Say zr's aery nice, but does she hate a lighter one.)
a ver. 4ste, entonces?
Usted; (Say1es. That one is aery nice. Ask what it is made of. Is it rytlon?)
Dependienta; No, seora. Es de algodn. ;Quiere probrselo?
Exercise
Dependienta. Ms claro. Vamos
Exercise
Ask to see tl
Example: Sr
I
2
3
4
5
Buying shoes
Play the part of Robert Robinson and ask to see brown shoes in size 42.
Dependienta: Buenos das, seor. 4Qu desea?
Usted:
(Say you would like to see some shoes, please.)

Dependienta: Muy bien, seor. ;Qu nmero gasta usted?
Usted: (Sal 12.)
Dependienta: Y,
Usted:
4de qu color?
(Sav brown.)
Some
Some
Some
Some
Some
Exercise
4 Asking
2
3
4
5
Find out if the following goods are available.

Example: English newspapers. 4Tiene Usted peridicos ingIeses?
I
2
3
4
5
Summer dresses.
Leather handbags.
Nylon dresses.
Suede shoes.
Cotton blouses.
cc
cc
le
cc
State what
if certain goods are avaitabte
le
Exercise
Example:
4(
2ou ta
2au
Zou ta
2ou ta
2ou ta
Exercise
Write down
exercises.
Exercise
Ask for the following things.

Example: ouiero un caf solo'
92 MASTERING.SPIN/.S/
r
$)
Example: V
V
1
2
Vale cui
Valen cr
hing
see a lighter
vlon?)
Exercise
Saying what you wou|d |ike to see
Ask to see the following things.

Example: Some summer dresses. Ouisiera ver algunos vestidos de verano.
I
2
3
4
5
:42.
Some
Some
Some
Some
Some
leather shoes.
cotton dresses.
cotton skirts.
leather gloves.
cotton blouses.
Exercise
Giving the size
State what size you want.

Example: 2ou ta||a, por favor? (44) Una Cuarenta y cuatro
1
2
3
4
5
(g
zou talla' por favor? {38)

zau ta||a, por favor? (40)
zOu tal|a, por favor? {50)
2au talla, por favor? (42|

4ou ta|la, por favor? (36)
Exercise
Understanding the price
Write down what you think the price is and check your answer in the key to the
exercises.
Example: Vale dos mil quinientas pesetas. It costs 2500 pesetas.

Valen tres mil cuatrocientas pesetas. They cost 3400 pesetas.
I
2
Vale cuatro mil doscientas pesetas.

Valen cinco mil seiscientas pesetas.
1QUE
DESEA?
93
3
4
5
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
l0
Vale mil setecientas pesetas.

Vale seis mll novecientas pesetas.
Valen doscientas Desetas.
For further practice of prices work from the key, saying the number aloud
Spanish and checking with the exercise.
(\ ) Exercise 9 Asking to
see a|tenative goods
Ask to see bigger, smaller, lighter, darker things. Remember that 'otro' and the
adjective used must agree with the noun.
Examples: Las blusas/grande' iNo tiene usted otras ms grandes?
E| bolso/barato. ZNo tiene Usted otro m5 barato?
1
2
3
'1
5
t\I
Los zaoatosloscuro.
La fa|da/pequeo.
El vestido/claro.
Los guantes,/caro.
Las blusas,/barato
Exercise
O Asking
someoneb opinion
Dependiente
Usted.
Dependiente
Usted:
Dependiente
Dependiente
Conctudingasale
2Esta blusa, por eyemploT
2Estos guantes, por e_lemplo?

2Este sombrero, por e.iemplo?
2Esta falda, por eJemplo?
Expressing you opinion
Change the sentence iom a Statement to an opinion.
Examples: Es muy bonito. Me parece muy bonito.

Hace mucho calor. Me parece que hace mucho calor.
94
Usted:
Usted:
2Este bolso, por e..1emplo?
|2
Ask to see wt
the price and
Dependiente
Mi sombrero.
Exercise
Exercise t
Usted:
Mis guantes.
Mi falda.
Mi vestido.
Examples: 2Esta b|usa, por e.1empIo7 S, me |a quedo.

4Estos Zapatos, por e.1empIo? S, me Ios quedo
No lleg;
Dependiente
Say you will take the object offered.
I
2
3
4
5
Llueve.
Es muy
Usted:
Mi bolso.
( ) Exercisell
\
Dependiente
Ask what someone unfamiliar thinks of what you are wearing.

E.xamples: Mi blusa. aou le parece mi b|usa?
Mis Zapatos. 2ou |e parecen mis zapatos7
I
2
3
1
5
Son mu'
Sale a lz
La seo
Es muy
Son mu'
El tren
Son bas
MASTERINGSPIN/SH
R fc"-*
(Listening
ex
2ou dest
Listen to the
why she wis
2ou ropi
Listen to the
1
2
What sor
Does she
nber aloud in
'otro' and the
'sl
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
l0
Son muy caros.

Sale a las ocho.
La seorita Gmez est en casa'

Es muy grande.
Son muy estrechos.
El tren llega a Madrid a las once"

Son bastante baratos.
Llueve.
Es muy cmodo.
No llega nunca hasta las diez.
t\) Exerciset3 Obtainingclothes
see white shirts, give the size as 38, establish what the shirt is made of, ask
the price and conclude the sale by filling in the gaps in the following dialogue.
Ask to
Dependiente: Buenos das, seor (seora). ;Qu desea?

Usted:
Dependiente: 4Qu talla, por favor?

Usted:
Dependiente; 4De qu color quiere la camisa?

Usted:
Dependiente: Muy bien, seor (seora). sta es muy bonita.

Usted:
Dependiente:
E's de algodn.
Usted:
Dependiente: Vale nueve mil pesetas.

Usted:
Dependiente: Muchas gracias, seor (seora).
ecompende usted el espao| hablado?

trj
eou desea?
Listen to the tape and write down what the customer buys, the size and colour,
why she wishes to see another one and the price she pays.
2ou roPa sueles |levar?

I
2
rJ7hat sort of clothes does the woman wear to go to work?

Does she wear a skirt and a blouse or a dress?
1QUE
DESEA?
95
\X/hat does the other woman wear at the weekend?
shat two things affect her choice of clothes?
.comprende usted el espao| escrito?

(Reading exercises)
trl
Loo k at the photograph on page 84, and write down the three things the shop
says it offers, and the proud boast it makes.
(b) Reba,las
ffiffi
Look at the following photographs and answer the questions in English. (You
may need to use your dictionary.)
xry
Dil
3il
IK
I
t-
It
t-
/\
?H[l
"
fl'"r
IE
tru
IE
--
'rfr
ri r
lLS
(c) Reba;as
(a)
/500c
I $7hat
2 What
3 Andf
4 Andf
(b)
I \What
2 Atwh
(c)
(aJ
96
Rebalas
MAST'ERING SPINISI
1
2
\7hat
\X/hat
3rd
rings the shop
(b) Rebajas
English. (You
'7
i Jr
{ rq t n#
#i*
?'
rIlnr,
l\&i
:) Reba.;as
(a)
1
2
3
4
\X/hat is happening in this shop?
What can you buy for 3 900 pesetas?

And for l5 000 pesetas?
And for l0 000 pesetas?
(b)
I
2
(ci
1
What is on sale in this shop?
At what price?
!7hat is on sale for 500 pesetas?
$7hat exactly do you get for that price?

1QUE
DESEA?
e7
Robert; Ur
Joan: Tenl
4ou va a tomar?
Camarero:
Joan: Con
Camarero.
Ordering a meaf
Diatogue:
Halfivay thrc
Robert calls
Robert:
iOl
Robert:
aQ
Robert;
aQ
Camarero:
Camarero:
Dialogues
Diatogue
Camarero:
Robert: aQ
Camarero:
The Robinsons enjoyed their evening at the home of the Lpezes. Now Joan
and Robert Robinson invite the Lpezes to have dinner with them at a
Robert: Mr
Mara: ;Tie
restaurant.
Camarero:
Mara: Pari
Robert; lTiene una mesa libre?

Camarero: iParacuntos?
Robert: Para cuatro.
Camarero: S, seor. Por aqu.
Robert: Gracias. Trigame la carta, por favor.
Camarero; Aqu tiene usted'
Robert: Vamos a ver. Ensalada mixta, ensalada rusa) sopa de pescado,
consom ... aQu va a tomar) Mara?
Mara. No tengo mucha hambre. Para m una

Robert: lCon patatas?
Mara: ;No, por Diosl Sin patatas'
ensalada mixta y luego un bistec.
Joan: Y
Robert:
Robert: Lu
Camarero;
Diatogue
Robert: iOi
Camarero:
Robert: No
usted dir
Camarero:
Robert. lCamarero!
con patatas y un filete de ternera con una ensalada de lechuga y tomate.
98
MASTERING S'PINIS}1
Finally come
They all select their meal and Robert calls the waiter.
Camarero' Muy bien, seor. 4Y para beber? 4Toman vino?

Robert: S, dos botellas de vino de la casa'
Camarero: lTinto o blanco?
Juz
q
Juan: Yo
Dialogue 2
Camarero: Seor. ;Qu van a tomar?

Robert: Dos consoms, una ensalada mixta y una Sopa de pescado'
Camarero: 4Y despus?
Robert: Un bistec bien hecho, una merluza rebozada con patatas) un pollo asado
pa
Robert. Ad
Restarrr
Grupo
1"
Entremeses
Ensalada de
Robert: Una
Joan:
de tinto y una de blanco.
Tengo mucha sed. Trigame una botella de agua mineral tambin.
Camarero: iCon gas o sin
Joan: Con
gas?
gas.
Camarero: En seguida.
Dialogue 3
Halfivay through the meal they decide they want more bread and mineral water.
Robert calls the waiter.
Robert: iOiga!
Camarero: 1Seor?
Robert: iQuiere traerme ms pan y otra botella de agua mineral?
Camarero: Muy bien, seor. ;Van a tomar postre?
Robert: 4Qu tiene de postre?
Camarero: Pues, hay tarta helada, flan, queso, fruta .'.
Robert: 4Qu fruta tiene?
Camarero: Hay pltanos, melocotn en aimbar, uvas' manzanas
Robert. Muy bien. iQu quieren ustedes?
Mara: 4Tiene helado?
Camarero: S, seora.
Mara; Para m un helado de chocolate.
Joan; Y para m tambin.
Robert: Juan, 4qu quiere?
Now Joan
them at a
Juan: Yo
quiero queso manchego.
Robert; Luego son dos helados

Camarero: En seguida, seor.
...
de chocolate y dos de queso.
pescado,
o un bistec.
Dialosue 4
F'inally comes the moment to pay and Robert calls the waiter again.
Robert: ;oigal Trigame la cuenta' por favor.

Camarero; Aqu tiene. 4Toman caf?
Robert: No, gracias. Vamos a ver. Nueve mil doscientas pesetas. Aqu tiene
usted diez mil. Qudese con la vuelta.
Camarero: Muchas gracias, Seor, y muy buenas noches.

Robert: Adis.
pollo asado
omate.
Restaurante 'Los Abetos'
- Carta
Grupo,1" Entremeses y soPas
Hors d'oeuores snd soups
Entremeses variados
Ensalada de lechuga y tomate
600
300
Mixed hors d'oeuvres

Lettuce and tomato salad
,IQUE VA
A TOMAR?
99
450
450
350
350
300
Ensalada mixta
Ensalada rusa
Sopa de pescado
(nna
rlp:rrnz
Consom
Mixed salad
Russian salad
Fish soup
Rice soup
Consomm, thin soup
t%cabrl
la mesa
traer
trigame
la carta
Grupo 2" Huevos y veduas

Huevos revueltos con tomate
Tortilla francesa
TortiIla espao|a
Judias verdes con tomate
Guisantes con jamn

Alcachofas rebozadas
500
500
600
400
650
700
Rocr rnn ?l hnrnn
Atn Con tomate
el hambre
tengo hamt
Scrambled eggs with tomato

French omelette
sin
Spanish omelette
Green beans with tomato
Peas with ham
Artichoke hearts in batter
Fish
Grupo 3o Pescados
Merluza rebozada
Calamares a la romana
Egg and aegetable dishes
l.500
900
1.800
1.000
Hake in batter
Squid iied in batter
Baked sea bream
Tuna with tomato
mi
A^^^,,AU)pU)
bien hecho
beber
tinto
la sed
tengo mucr
tambin
er gas
con gas
el pan
e| pltano
e| me|ocot
e| almbar
las uvas
Meat and poultry
Grupo 4" Carnes y aves

Cordero asado
1.400
Bistec
I .5
Pollo asado
Filete de ternera
Chuletas de cerdo
00
7 50
950
950
Grupo 5" Postres

Tarta helada
Flan
Helado
Fruta del tiempo
Oueso manchego
Caf
Pan
IOO MASTERING 5-PIN/SI
Fillet steak
Roast chicken
Veal steak
Pork chops
Desserts
400
300
300
300
400
Vinos y aguas minea|es

Vino de la casa (botella)
Vino de la casa (media botella)
Agua mineral (botella)
Roast lamb
Ice-cream cake
Caramel custard
Ice-cream
Fresh fruit
Cheese from La Mancha
Wine snd rninersl usqters
500
300
200
\20
40
House wine (bottle)

House wine (half bottle)
Mineral water (bottle)

Coffee
Bread
la manzana
el chocolate
la cuenta
la noche
buenas noc
Explanr
(a) Eatin,
Restaurants
indicated b'
quality and
and so it ir
without goir
meal at a fi
groups on tl
3pmandc
areas restau
cent would
Many c
on one plat
Vocabulary
la mesa
traer
table
to bring
la carta
el hambre
the menu
hunger
trigame
ishes
tato
tengo hambre
m
stn
despus
)
bien hecho
beber
trnto
la sed
tengo mucha sed

tambin
el gas
con gas
e pan
e| p|tano
e| melocotn
el almibar
las uvas
la manzana
el chocolate
la cuenta
qudese
la noche
buenas noches
bring me
I'm hungry
me (after prepositions)
without
afterwards
well done (of meat)

to drink
red (of wine)
thirst
I'm very thirsty
also
gas
frzzy (o mineral water)

bread
banana
peach
syrup
grapes
apple
chocolate
bill
keep (imperative)
night
good night
Explanations
(a) Eating out
aters
Restaurants in Spain are divided into five categories and these categories are
indicated by forks. The more forks a restaurant has, the higher will be the
quality and the prices. Most restaurants display their menu with prices outside
and so it is normally possible to establish what category the restaurant is
without going in. Many restaurants offer two types of specialist menus: a fixed
meal at a fixed price Men de| da and a meal selected from the various
groups on the menu Men turst|co. Lunch is served from around l.30 pm to
3 pm and dinner from around 8.30 pm to I I pm, although in some tourist
areas restaurants do serve meals slightly earlier. Tipping is universal and 10 per
cent would be considered a normal tip.
Many cafeterias and bars also serve meals in the form of a complete meal
on one plate - un plato combinado. These meals are often portrayed on the
1QUEVAATOMAR? l0l
--
iou vat
Vamos a
Notice that tl
quite clear th
(d) Expre:
-lwo verbal
Tener ha
2Tiene
u:
Tener
se,
Si. tengo
iTiene ur
No, no t'
Both 'hambt
using'much;
Tengo rr
walls of the cafeteria or in the menu and you can see exactly what the meal is
before you order. If the bar or cafeteria serves portions of food you should ask
for .Llna racin', and .una racin de torti||a' would be a portion of omelctte.
Most cafterias and bars have a two-ticr price system: one price for standing at
thc bar and another for sitting at a table and being scrved. Therefore, if you
order something at the bar and thcn sit at a table you will probabl1'ofnd the
waiters.
(e) Orderi
The two key
Un bister
Un bister
(f) Makinl
The form to
(b) Giaing orders - gra?nntar ref 11
To ask Someone to bring you Something use the brm ,trigame, + noun
Trigame |a Carta.
Trigame Ia cuenta.
Trigame Una bote||a de vino
tinto.
Bring me the menu.

Bring me thc biil.
Bring me a bottle of red wine.
lOuiere
Notice the pr
2Ouiere
k)
Obtoir
To obtain m
(c) Ashing ushot so?tteone is going to haz;e - gr&?n??Lsr ref 9

If onlv one Derson is addressed the lbrm is:
4ou va a tomar?
Voy a tomar un bistec
What are you going to have?
I'm going to have a steak.
If scvcral people are addrcssed the plural form is used:
102 MASTERINGSPI,\?SH
2Ouiere
Trigamt
(h) Addre,
The third pe
2ou van a tomar?

Vamos a tomar fruta.
$7hat are you going to have?

$(/e're going to have fruit.
Notice that the two pronouns 'usted' and 'ustedes' are often omitted when it is
quite ciear that'you' is meant rather than'he/she' or'they'.
(d) Expressing hunger and thirst - gra?tx?nar ref
15
Two verbal phrases are used:

Tener hambre
2Tiene usted hambreT
S, tengo hambre.
Tener sed
b
&
tu&
;*4q,
Tiona
N|n
tctaA
<
nn tana^
of omelette.
standing at
:fore, if you
y offend the
To be thirsty
Are you thirsty?

No, I'm not thirsty.
aA)
<r1
Both 'hambre' and 'sed' are feminine nouns and therefore are modified bv
using 'mucha' to convey the idea of 'very':
Tengo mucha
the meal is
r should ask
To be hungty
Are you hungry?

Yes, I'm hungry.
sed.
I'm very thirsty.
(e) Ordering dishes usith or usithout certain other things

The two kev words are 'con' and 'sin':
Un bistec con patatas
Un bistec sin patatas.
A steak with chips.

A steak without chips.
(fl Making polite requests - g?'a?tl?nar ref
7(it:)
The form to use is .2quiere' + ininitive?
aouiere traerme la
10un:
$7iil you bring me the bill?
Notice the pronoun 'me' is placed on the end of the infinitive:
iOuiere decirme la
/lne,
cuentaT
hora?
$7ill you tell me the time?
(d Obtaining rnore
of sortething - gra??xr?Lsr ref 2(ui)

To obtain more water) bread, wine and So on you use the word .ms':
"e 9
,e?
2Ouiere traerme ms agua?

Trigame ms pan, por favor
tJill you bring me Some more water?

Bring me some more bread, please.
(h) Addressing ?ttore thsn one person

The third person plural of all Spanish verbs ends in '-n'
TQUE VA A TOMAR?
103
ZEs Usted espao|?
Zson Ustedes espaoIes?

Los ing|eses beben t
Los madrileos viven en Madrid.
Are you Spanish? (sing.)

Are you Spanish? (pl.)
The English drink tea.
Madrilenians live in Madrid.
Only one
cc
ir
voy
vaya
vayan
Pronouns
(, Giaing
orders - grsttlnxar ref
Mrelo.
11
The imperative is used to give orders and has two forms, one used with 'usted'
to address one person and another used with 'ustedes' to address more than
one person. Most verbs form their imperative from the first person singular and
follow this pattern:
mtrar
miro (first person singular)

mire (imperative singular)
miren (imperative plural)
comer
como
coma
coman
to look, uatch
I look
look (sing.)
look
(p1.)
to eat
I eat
eat (sing.)
eat
(p1.)
to wnte
I write
write (sing.)
write (pl.)
escribir
escribo
escriba
escriban
If the first person singular is irregular, so is the imperative:

to pILt, pldce
ooner
pon9o
ponga
pon9an
I put, piace
put (sing.)
put (pl.)
venir
vengo
ven9a
ven9an
to come
sallr
to leazte, go out
sargo
sarga
salgan
I leave
leave (sing.)
leave (pl.)
aar
to gizte
I come
come (sing.)
come (pl.)
aoy
d
I give
give (sing.) (The accent distinguishes

the verb from the preposition 'de'.)
give (pl.)
oen
104
MASTERING
sPlNIsI
ar
Coma
l.
Escriba
Pngan
Dme c
cinco
(j) Indica
To show
pronoun:
thr
Lcl- -^^)UPc1
|
Esta car
zHay re
Tengo
El vestic
(k) Indicr
To indicate
Voyac
4Ou v;
Usted v
Juan va
(l) Indica
ref 15
Tener fr
Tengo
Tener
c,
Mara ti
Tener sr
2Tiene r
Only one common verb fails to follow this pattern:
|r
voy
vaya
vayan
trid.
tugo
I go
go (sing.)
Co (pl.)
Pronouns are placed on the end of the imperative:
Look at it.
Eat the soup. Eat it.
Write the price. $7rite it.
Give (put) me 20 litres.
Give me two 45-peseta stamps.
Mrelo.
Coma la sopa. Cmala'

Escriba el precio. Escrbalo.
Pngame Veinte litros.
Dme dos sellos de cuarenta y
cinco pesetas.
with 'usted'
is more than
I
singular and
(j) Indicating that sontething
is
for so?neone
To show that something is for someone you use 'para'

pronoun:
La sopa es para |a seora Garca'

Esta carta es para usted.
2Hay recados para m?
Tengo un recado para

El vestido es para ella.
|.
+ the person's name or a
The soup is for Mrs Garcia.

This letter is for you.
Are there any messages for me?
I have a message for hrm.
The dress is for her.
(k) Indicating future intentions . gra,L?7lar ref 9

To indicate what you intend to do you use the verb 'ir a'
Voy a comprar pan.
1ou vas a hacer7
Usted va a visitar Toledo
Juan va a tomar sopa
+ infinitive:
I'm going to buy bread.

$7hat are you going to do? (familiar)
You're going to visit Toledo. (polite)
John is going to have soup.
(l) Indicating other conditions using the oerb 'tener' - gra?nntsr
ref 15
Tener fro
Tengo mucho fro.

Tener calor
Jistinguishes
rsition 'de'.)
To be cold
I'm very cold.

To be hot
Mara tiene caIor'
Mary is hot.
Tener sueo
2Tlene usted sueo?
Are you tired?
To be tired, sleepjt
iQUE
I
VA
A TOMAR? l0s
-)
\
Exercises
a
Exercise
Example: 1C
NUCVOS TCVU(
t4
Exercise
l
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Obtaining a table and the menu
Play the part of Robert Robinson in the following dialogue and obtain a table
for four and the menu.
Usted.
(Ask if he has a table Jree.)
Usted:
(Say for four.)
Usted:
(Thank him. Ask for the menu.)
Camarero; 1Para cuntos?
Camarero: Aqu tiene usted.
(,
\
Exercise
I
2
3
4
5
ice cream.
Camarero; 4Qu va a tomar?

(Order fish soup.)
Usted:
(Order steak and chips.)
Usted:
(Order a bottle of red wine.)
Usted.
(Order an ice-ueam.)
( )
\
Camarero: 4Y para beber? sToma vino?
Exercise
Polite requests
Ask the waiter to bring you the following things.

Example: A bottle of white wine. 2Ouiere traerme una botella
blancoT
1 A mixed salad.
2 Peas with ham.
3 Roast chicken with chips.
4 Ice-cream cake.
5 A bottle of mineral water.
6 Some more bread.
7 Some more wine.
8 A black coffee.
9 A brandy.
l0 The bill.
1
06
MASTERING .\'PINIS1
Agua mu
Un bistec
Agua mu
Pollo asa,
Merluza r
Exercise
Give simple
Example: 1Ot
Camarero: lTomapostre?
t\
Correct the u
Example: Un
Order the following meal: fish soup, steak and chips, a bottle of red wine and
Camarero: ;Y despus?
aou vz
1au vz
2ou v;
2au vz
1ou v;
2ou v;
2au vz
2Ou v;
2ou v;
2Ou vi
Exercise
Ordering a meal
Usted:
de vino
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
l0
2ou |e
2ou |e
1ou |e
1ou |e
2ou le
2ou |e
2ou |e
1ou |e
1ou |e
2Ou le
Exercise
Answer the f
Example: 2Lt
(\)
Exercise
(\)
what you ae going to have
Example: 2ou va a tomar? (Scrambled eggs with tomato) Vov a tomar

huevos revueltos con tomate.
l
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
l0
btain a table
4 Explaining
2ou va
2au Va
4Ou va
2Ou va
2ou va
2ou va
2ou va
2ou va
2ou va
2ou va
Exercise
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
tomar? (Russian Salad)

tomar7 (A French omelette and chips)
tomar? (Squid in batter)
tomar? (Pork chops with chips)
tomar? (A caramel custard)
tomar? (A banana)
tomar? (Cheese from La Mancha)
tomar? (White coffee)
tomar? (Peaches in syrup)
tomar? (An apple)
Getting exactty what you want
Correct the waiter. If he offers you something with, order it uithout and vice versa
Example: Una tortilla con patatas, 2verdad? No, una tortilla sin patatas.
I
2
3
4
5
'ed wine and
t\
Exercise
Simp|e orders
Give simple orders to the waiter.

E.xample: 1ou |e traigo? (Mixed hors d'oeuvres) Trigame entremeses variados.
l
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
l0
:lla de vtno
Agua mineral con gas, Tverdad?

Un bistec con patatas, Tverdad?
Agua mineral sin gas. Tverdad?
Pollo asado con patatas, 2verdad?
Merluza rebozada sin patatas, 1verdad?
iou |e traigo?
(Consomm)
iau le traigo? (Green beans with tomato)

2ou |e traigo? (Artichoke hearts in batter)
2ou |e traigo? (Hake in batter)
2Ou |e traigo? (Baked sea bream)
iou le traigo? (Roast 1amb)
2au F traigo? (Caramel custard)
1ou |e traigo? (A bottle of red wine)
1ou |e traigo? (A black coffee and a brandy)
1ou le traigo? (The bill)
Exercise
Giving odes
Answer the following questions with polite orders.

E.xample: 2Le pongo veinte Iitros7 5' pngame veinte litros'
1QUE VA A
TOMAR?
107
I
2
3
4
5
t\,
2Le traigo la cuentaT
1Le doy la direccin?

2Le escribo el precio?
1Qu corn
Listen to t
sirvo la sopa?
2Le digo el nmero de te|fono?
2_Le
Exercise
Statements
Saying what you are going to do
iou va usted a comprar7

Voy a comprar un vestido.
E.xample:
2ou va usted a tomar?
2au va usted a beber?

r+rl
O
\
2au Va usted a visitar?
2au Va usted a ver?
1ou va usted a |eer7
Exercise
F#
*-_
g
Saying how you feel
Answer the following questions in three ways.

E'xample: 2Tiene usted sed7 S' tengo sed.
S' tengo mucha sed.
No, no tengo sed.
1
2
3
4
5
2Tiene usted hambre?

2Tiene usted calor?
2Tiene Usted fro7
iTiene Usted sueo7
2Tiene usted sedT

Quag g to7?xaT!
You are a Spanish waiter. Look at the menu on pages 99-100, listen to the tape
and write down what the customers order to eat and drink.
iOB AIASTERING SPINISI
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
Manolo'
He likes
He prefe
His frier
He likes
Neither
Manolo'
4Compl
(Reading ex
Look at the
1 Name tl
2 Name tl
3 $hat is
4 $7hat is
Look at thi
e9-100. $71
your answe
eQu contes?
Listen to the tape and answer the questions in English. Mark the following
statements as 'true , 'false' or 'do not know'.
I
2
3
rz\
ID-.^
\\.
{
6
L\A
Lt-l
Ll YtzI
rJ
^lrsE/
-----.-'l
Dffi--'2
!l
Manolo's favourite food is fish.

He likes a good wine with his food.
He prefers a young, white wine.
His friend prefers prawns.
He likes prawns cooked in batter.
Neither of the two has an afternoon snack.
Manolo's friend sometimes has a sandwich
mid-afternoon.
compende usted el espao| escrito?
ffiiNI
(Reading exercises)
50
Look at the menu on page 102 and write answers to the following questions.
1
2
3
Name the first courses.

Name the desserts.
What is slightiy odd about the hamburgers?
$hat is included in the orice as well as two courses and a dessert?
E
Look at this page from a Spanish waiter's notc-pad and the menu on pages
99 100. $(/hat would you tell the cook to prepare if you u'ere the waiter? (Give
your answers in E,nglish.)
/
J
,|
2
,Jc7"s de 7
nsa(. rnjX.
lo,f
T@4
41 n con t.
Cor4 a:.a 4o
rl
r de
lern
J
4 lno t )n1o
/ ajuc.t nirt .on
r to the tape
1QUE VA A
TOMAR?
10e
(Puzzles)
Can you unravel the anagrams to make sense of the following dialogue and
or^
ob
write out the scrambled words correctly? Check your answers on page 319.
Camarero: Buenos das, seora. aQu va a rornat?

Usted: Megatria la carta, por favor.
Usted; Vamos a ver. Sernonoc, sopa de daspoce, rnealsarca a la rnanaro.
1Qu recomienda usted?
Camarero: La zularern es muy buena hoy, seor'

Usted: Muy bien. Voy a tomar una ensalada de gachule y rneatot y luego la
zularern.
Camarero: En seguic1a, seor.
lVerdad o rnenti?"q ? (True orfalse)

Mark these Spanish dishes as being correct or incorrect, and correct the incorrect ones.
Una ensalada de lechuga y pescado.
Una tortilla francesa.
Una tortilla alemana.
Huevos revueltos con guisantes.
Besugo al horno.
Ca|amares en a|mbar.
Oueso manchego.
Sopa rusa.
Atn con tomate.
Tarta del tiempo.
Dialogu,
Dialogue
The Robinsc
metres south
parada de ta
Robert:
Taxista:
Robert:
Taxista:
Robert:
Taxista:
I
IO MASTERING .SPINISH
aEs
S,
A
Mr
No
Bu
1r
2Adonde vamos ?
dialogue and
Obtaining services
rage 319.
la rnanaro.
tot y luego la
:ct the incor-
Dialogues
Dialogue I
The Robinsons decide to travel on to Toledo, an ancient city some 80 kilometres south of Madrid. They leave their hotel and approach the taxi rank - la
parada de taxis.
Robert:
Taxista:
Robert:
Taxista:
Robert;
TaXiSta;
;E'st libre?
S, seor. 4Adnde les llevo?
A la estacin de Atocha, por favor.

Muy bien. Suban ustedes. gTienen ustedes prisa?
No. Vamos a Toledo, pero no s a qu hora sale el tren.
Bueno. Vamos a la estacin entonces.
1ADONDEVAMOS?
lll
Dialogue 2
They arrive at Atocha Station and Mr Robinson goes to the ticket office
Vocabuli
el
despacho de billetes.
2adnde?
Robert: ;A qu hora sale e1 prximo tren

Taquillera. Sale a las once y media.
Robert: Dos billetes, por favor.
re5
para Toledo?
llevar
Taqui||era: 4De ida y vuelta o slo de ida?

Robert: De ida y vuelta.
Taqui|lera: iDe qu clase, primera o segunda?
Robert: De segunda.
Taquillera: Muy bien. Dos billetes de ida y vuelta segunda clase para Toledo
son novecientas pesetas.
de cinco mil pesetas?
Robert: sTicne cambio
llevo
|a estacin
subir
suban ustede
la prisa
tener pnsa
Ztienen usted
prximo/a/os
el tren
Taqui||era: S, claro. Cien son mil; ms cuatro mil, son cinco mil'
Robert: Gracias. lDe dcinde sale el tren?
Taqui||era: Andn nmero doce' Por all y a la derecha.
el billete
de ida
de ida y vuell
s|o
segundo/a/o
el cambio
2tiene cambi<
e| andn
Dialogue 3
On the train the ticket collector
el revisor
arrives.
Revisor; Billetes, por favor.

Robert. Aqu tiene usted.
Revisor: Gracias, seor'
Rot]ert: iA qu hora 1lega el tren a Toledo?
Revisor: A la una menos cuarto, seor'
Robert: Y, ;se puede tomar caf en el tren?
Revisor: Lo siento, seor, pero en este tren no hay coche comedor
a||
por alli
poder
sentir (ie)
lo siento
el coche com
to
Diatogue 4
The Robinsons arrive in Toledo at lunchtime and there are no taxis on the taxi
rank. Mr Robinson approaches a porter un mozo.
Robert'
Perc1n, seor.
la ciudad?
Mozo.
No hay taxis libres. ;Qu hago para llegar al centro
;Adnde quiere usted ir?
Robert. No lo
Mozo: Pues,
s exactamente.
Al centro
de
Robert; Y, 2dnde
est ei Hotel Suizo?
Est en \aPlaza de Zocodover, nmero doce, seor.

Robert: Muchas gracias.
Mozo.' De nada, seor'
112
MASTERING .SPINISH
exactamente
el autobs
delante de
ba-1ar
la plaza
conocer
zconoce uste
de la ciudad.
coja usted el autobs nmero tres' que sa1e de delante de la

estacin, ybaje en laPlaza de Zocodover, que est en el centro de la ciudad.
Robert: Gracias. aconoce usted un buen hotel en Toledo?
Mozo: S. El Hotei Suizo es muy bueno y muy barato.
Mozo.
[ue)
2se puedeT
tr'P'a'a
(a) Transp
The Spanish
los Ferrocarri
prices to trav
fastest trains.
Lcket office-el
Vocabula
2adnde?
where to?
llevar
to take (of people), to wear (of

clothing)
les
you (plural object pronoun)
llevo
|a estacin
I take
subir
suban ustedes
la prisa
pai'a Toledcr
tener prisa
atienen ustedes prisa?
prximo/a/os/as
el tren
el billete
de ida
de ida y vuelta
s|o
segundo/a/os/as
el cambio
Ztiene cambio?
e| andn
a|l
por
a||
poder
(ue)
sentir
(ie)
2se puede?
lo saento
el coche comedor
to
rs on the taxi
'ai centro
exactamente
el autobs
delante de
ba-1ar
la plaza
de
lelante de la
de la ciudad.
conocer
i.^n^ra
t tctarl)
station
to get in, go up
get in (plural imperative)
hurry, haste
to be in a hurry
are you in a hurry?
next
train
ticket
one way/single
return
only
second
change
do you have change?
platform
there
over there
to be able, can
can one? is it possible?
to feel
I'm sorry (I feel it)
dining car
it (object pronoun)
exactly
bus
in front of
to get out) go down

square
to know, be familiar with
do you know?
Explanations
(a) Transport
The Spanish nationalised railzuay system is called 'la Renfe' (Red Nacional de
los Ferrocarriles Espaoles). Trains have different names and you pay different
prices to travel on them with the highest prices being charged to travei on the
fastest trains.
1ADONDE VAMOS?
l3
-Taxis in
stripe along tl
They also car
engaged by dr
.Buses are
neys. On a or
the conductot
collecting farr
parada de au
stops there an
request stops
wish to get o1
pulling a cori
small buses w
E
(b) Asking
The principal trains are:
Intercity Simiiar to the British train.
AVE
the high speed train similar to the French TGV.

a fast, air-conditioned train and among the best found in Spain.
TER (Tren Espaol Rpido) - a fast, air_conditioned, diesel-electric train'
Electrotren a fast, air-conditioned, electric train.
Rpido, expreso a long-distance, stopping train.
Tranva a stopping train covering short distances only. Similar to suburban
commuter trains.
Talgo
For long journeys it is advisable to book a ticket and a sear in advance because,
when all the seats are sold, no more tickets are issued for that train. To book a
seat you go to a Renfe office (oficina de vla-1es Renfe) or a travel agent (agencia
de via-;es). In some stations special ticket offices (taquillas) issue reserved seats
and tickets and announce this with a special notice' .Venta anticipada'. \hen
you arrive at the station to take your train, two boards labelled'Llegadas'
(Arrivals) and 'Salidas' (Departures) wrll help you find out where and when
your train leaves. A time will be given together with reference to track (va) or
platform (andn) and, at the head of the platform, you will probably find a
board which gives vou full information:
Positon
2Dnde e
aUtob
Directiort toua
2Adnde
Directon from
2De dnc
(c) Saying.
You use the p
Tengo pri
2Tiene
us1
'La prisa' is
Tengo ml
(d) Soyins
The verb 'sab
Via
Tren: TER
Destino: Sevilla
Salida: I 2.30
Nosaq
The rest of tht
4Sabe ustt
I14 MASTERING SPINISII
Taxis n Spain are easily recognised because they have a broad coloured
stripe along the side. In Madrid this stripe is red, but it varies from city to city.
They also carry a sign 'Libre' when they are free and 'Ocupado' when they are
engaged by day, and a green or red light at night.
Buses are easy to use because they normally have a fixed fare for all journeys. On a one-man bus you pay the driver as you get on) but on some buses
the conductor (cobrador) takes your fare. (He does not come around the bus
collecting fares and so you must pay before you sit down.) The bus stop (la
parada de autobs) is usually clearly marked with the number of the bus which
stops there and the main points in the city which the route serves. All stops are
request stops and the bus wili stop only if you signal. If you are on the bus and
wish to get off, you also give a signal to the driver by either pressing a bell or
pulling a cord' In some cities, such as Madrid, there is a .microbs' service of
small buses which are Darticularlv fast.
E
(b) Ashing ushere things are - grantrnar ref 8
Position
2Dnde est la parada de
autobs7
Direction towards
pa1n.
2Adnde va usted7
train.
$here are you going?
Direction from
2De dnde es Usted7
to suburban
You use the phrase 'tener prisa' to tell someone you are in a hurry:
;enr (agencia
eserved seats
I'm in a hurry.
Are you in a hurry?
Tengo prisa.
2Tiene usted prisaT
tada'. S7hen
d 'Llegadas'
re and when
.La orisa' is a feminine noun and is therefore modired with .mucha':
Tengo mucha prisa
'rack (va) or
'bably find
$here are you from?
(c) Saying you are in a hurry - grattl?t?ar ref 15
nce because,
r. To book
$here is the bus stop?
I'm in a great hurry.
(d) Saying that you knous sotnething - gram?7tar ref
13
The verb 'saber' is slightly irregular and has an irregular first person singular:
No s a ou hora sale
e|
tren'
I don't know what time the train

leaves.
The rest of the verb is resular:

2Sabe Usted |a direccin?
Do vou know the address?

1ADONDE
VAMCS? I ls
(e) Expressing 'next' in a series
(h) Expre:
.Prximo' is used to express .next':
'Sentir' mear
qu hora sa|e e| tren7

qu hora sale e| prximo
2,{
2,{
tren?
.What
time does the next train
leave?
Lo sientc
direcci
the destination of sornething
If something is destined for somewhere or someone you use the word 'para' to
express this idea:
Este recado es para usted.

2Es ste el tren para Toledo?
2Est el :
Lo sientc
An expressio
He lives in the next street.
Vive en la orxima cal|e.
(fl Expressing
\What time does the train leave?
(l) Askins
Necesito
El banco
This message is for you.

Is this the train for Toledo?
Do not Say ..Es ste e| tren de Toledo?' for that may be taken to mean the train
coming from Toledo rather than the one going to Toledo.
2ou ha
'Hago' is th,
(rn) Sayin
(g) Asking for single qnd return tickets
graTTLTnqr
A single ticket, please.

Un billete de ida, por favor.
Un billete de ida y vuelta, por favor. A return ticket, please.
The verb 's

'conocer'is
it. This verb
(h) Ashingfor change

'El cambio' is 'change' and to ask if someone has change you say
2Conoce
'2Tiene
cambio de' + the amount?
S, cono;
Have you got change for 5000
;Tiene camLrio de cinco mil
pesetas?
pesetas?
'Cambio' is also the sign over banks or travel agents where money can be
changed.
(n) Sayinl
'Llevar' is
us
what you we
(i) Establishing departure and aniaal tirnes - gra?n?nar ref 3

2,{
2,{
qu hora sale el tren?

qu hora ||ega e| autobs?
What time does the train leave?

What time does the bus arrive?
(j) Asking if sornething is possible - granx?nar ref 7 (iii)

'Se puede' + infinitive is the basic way of asking if something is possible or
permitted:
2Se puede tomar caf en el

2Se puede aparcar en esta
116 MASTERING SPINIS-I
tren7
calle?
Siempre
alaof
(o) Persor
The followin
Me
Me mira
Is it possible to get coffee on the
Te
tralna
Is parking allowed in this street?
Te quier
(k) Expressing regret -
gra??Lt?xqr
ref 7(ia)
'Sentir'means 'to feel' and is used to express regret in the phrase 'lo siento':
leave?
train
2Est el seor Posada?

Lo siento, pero no est.
Is
Mr Posada in?
I'm sorry, but he's not in.
An expression of extreme regret is achieved by adding 'mucho' after the phrase:

Lo siento mucho, pero no s la
direccin.
rrd 'para' to
o?
ean the train
(l) Asking
ushat
I'm very sorry, but I don't know the

address.
you should do
Necesito se||os. 1au hago?

E| banco est cerrado.
I need some stamps. What do I do?
The bank is shut.

rVhat do I do?
2au hago?
'Hago'is the first person singular of the verb 'hacer' and is irregular.
(rn) Saying that you are

gra??,?na ref 13
farnilior usith or knozts of sornething -
The verb 'saber', seen earlier, is used to say you know a fact. The verb
'conocer' is used to say you know of something - that is, you are familiar with
it. This verb also has an irregular first person singular, 'conozco':
Do you know (are you familiar with)
lConoce usted la ciudad?

say '2Tiene
the city?
S' conozco Ia ciudad bastante bien. Yes, I know the city fairly well.
5000
rney can be
(n) Saying
ushat
you zpear
'Llevar' is used to mean 'to take' people somewhere, but is also used to express
what you wear:
wref3
leave?
rrive?
Siempre llevo un tra.ie cuando

a la oficina.
voy
I always wear a suit when I go to the
office.
(o) Personal pronouns - grantrnar ref 5(i)

The following pronouns are used to refer to people:
possible or
)n the
street?
Me
lvle
Me mira.
He looks at me.
Te
You (singular,
Te quiero.
familiar famillt
and
friends)
I love you.
iADONDE VAMOS?
117
Le miran.
Him
They look at him.
LA
Her
LC
Es un bu
Est en e
Vaya
ust,
La ve.
He sees her.
Le
You (polite
Exercise
Le creo.
I believe you.
La
You (polite
- replacing the 'usted'

pronoun, masc.)
-
replacing the 'usted'
pronoun, fem.)
I listen to you.
La escucho
(p) Soyinq you can do sornething - granx??xar ref
Exercise
13
'can' in the sense of having permission to, and has the following forms:
Puedo fumar en la oficina.
No puedes dormir aqu'
Marta no puede venir
Usted puede entrar ahora.
2Puede usted decirm e la hora?
The pronoun 'se' is used with almost any verb to express the passive form of
the verb (is made, are soid, etc.):
2Dnde se Vende el pan?
Where is bread sold? (Literally where

does bread sell itselP)
2Dnde se Compran |os bo|sos7 $7here are handbags bought?

E| vino se bebe mucho en Espaa. !7ine is drunk a lot in Spain.
Los billetes se sacan en la taouilla. Tickets are obtained at the ticket
office.
(Sor
Usted:
(AsA
Usted:
(Sot
Usted:
(Sar
Taxista: S t
Taxista: Mt
very well.
(q) Expressing that things qre rnade, sold, etc. - gra?n??xar

ref 7(iii)
Usted:
Now repeat t
and you are i
I can't (don't know how to) dance
Can you speak French?

John can make a paella.
Can you play tennis?
(As
Taxista: Mr
Martha cannot come.

You can go in now.
Can you tell me the time?
lowing forms:
2Sabes hab|ar francs7

Juan sabe hacer una paella
2Sabe ustedJugar al tenis?
Usted:
Taxista: S'
I can smoke in the office.

You can't sleep here.
'Saber' is used to express 'can'in the sense of knowing how to, and has the folL}ien.
Play the part
Two verbs are used to express 'can do something'. 'Poder' is used to express
No s bai|ar muy
The key to
Exercise
Play the part
Usted:
(AsA
Usted:
(AsA
Usted:
(AsA
Taquillera:
Taquillera:
Taquillera:
Usted: (Sat
Taquillera:
Now repeat t
first found ol
(r) Adjectiaes ushich haae a short forrn
Exercise
Three common adjectives shorten before masculine singular nouns. They are
'Lrueno','primero' and'tercero':
Ask if the ticl

Example: 10(
IIB
MASTERINGSPINI.SH
It's a good wine, isn't it?

It's on the first floor.
Go to the third floor.
Es un buen vino, 2verdad?

Est en el primer piso'
Vaya usted al tercer piso.
Exercises
'usted'
The keg to these exercise begins on p.
3 1 1.
'usted'
Exercise I Obtaining a taxi and

a)
\1
stating the destination
:d to express
:ms:
Usted:
(Ask if he
Usted:
(Say
is
free.)
Taxista: S, seor. ;Adnde les llevo?

to
Atocha Station, please.)
Taxista: Muy bien. Suban ustedes.
Now repeat the exercise, but ask the taxi driver to take you to the Plaza Mayor
and you are in a hurry.
I has the fol-
ro) dance
(Ask if he
Usted:
(Say to the Plaza Mayor.)
is
free.)
Taxista; Muy bien. Suban ustedes. gTienen ustedes prisa?

Usted: (Sag yes, lou are in a hurry.)
a
77tAr
Usted:
Taxista: S seor. ;Adnde les llevo?
Exercise
Finding out train times and booking tickets
Usted:
(Ask when the next train leaaes for Toledo.)

a las once y media.
Taquillera; Sale
sive form of
erally where
;ht?
11n.
re
ticket
Usted:
(Ask;t'or two tickets, please.)
TaquilIera; ;De ida y vuelta o slo de ida?
Usted:
(Ask;t'or returu tickets.)
Usted:
(Say second-class.)
Taquillera: ;De qu clase, primera o segunda?

Taquillera: Muy bien.
Now repeat the exercise and book a first-class single ticket to Barcelona, having
irst found out when the next train leaves.
Exercise
Ls.
They are
3 Asking
for change
Ask if the ticket-office clerk has change for the following.

Example: 1000 pesetas. 2Tiene camLrio de mil pesetasT
1ADONDE VAMOS? 119
-I
2
3
4
5
( )
\
500 pesetas.
100 pesetas.
( ) Exercise
\
5000 pesetas.
50 pesetas.
2000 pesetas,
Exercise
4 Asking
Answer the f
Example:
1 TraiMadrid.
2 Bus/city centre.
3 Taxi/hotel.
4 Train/coast.
5 Bus/museum.
Exercise 5 Asking if something is Possible o Permitted
1
2
3
4
5
Examples: 2Se puede fumar en el teatro en Espaa7 (No) No se puede fumar

en e| teatro en Espaa.
2Se puede fumar en Un bar en |nglaterra? (SD 5' se puede fumar
en un bar en Inglaterra.
I
2
3
4
5
(
\
r1
)
'
3
4
5
Eanow'
Stating that something is or is not permitted
2Se puede aparcar en esta calle? (No)
puede tomar vino con la comida? (S)

2Se puede'1ugar a| go|f aqu7 (5)
2Se puede hacer caf en la habitacin7 (No)
2Se puede comer ms tarde7 (S)
2Se
Exercise 7 Asking if someone l(nows of certain places
2Sabe us
Example:
Smoke/in this room.
lSabe us
( ) Exercise
\
ParVhere.
Exercise
2Sabe us
2Sabe us
2Sabe us
Now repeat
Example: Have coffee/here. 45e puede tomar caf aqu?
Go into/the museum.
Try on/this dress.
2S
N(
arrival times
Example: Train/Toledo. aA qu hora ||ega e| tren aTo|edo?
1
2
3
,1
5
iC
tfannra
a!v,,vLL
:Cannra|vLl
!v|
2Conoce
2Conoce
2Conoce
Exercise
etc.
Example: Lo
I
2
3
4
5
Los cigar
Los relo.lt
Las cami:
EI
vino/v
Los trale:
R fzc"-*
(Listening
e>
Examole: Un buen hotel iConoce usted Un buen hotel por aqu?
1
2
3
4
5
Un buen caf.
Una buena discoteca.
Una buena tienda de modas.
Un buen restaurante.
Una buena farmacra.
120 MASTERING SPINIS1
En la taqu
Listen to th
go, at what
wants.
lBl
O
\
Exercise
Can you or cant you?
Answer the following questions in two ways.

E.xample: 2Sabe usted nadar? S' s nadar'
No' no s nadar.
1
2
3
4
5
2Sabe usted hablar francs7

2Sabe usted bailarT
2Sabe usted hacer caf?
lSabe usted jugar al gol?
1Sabe usted hablar ingls7
Now repeat the exercise and give genuine answers.
(\)
mitted
Exercise
Do you know them o don't you?
Example: 2Conoce usted a este seor7 {No) No' no
I 2Conoce
2 lConoce
3 lConoce
4 2Conoce
5 2Conoce
usted
usted
usted
usted
usted
conozco
a mi mu-1er7 (S)
a mis primosT (No)
a esta seora? [No)
a estos seores? (No)
|a
ciudad?
fl Exercise t o Asking
\1 etc.
mitted
|e
(S)
whee things are sold' made, bought,
Example: Los zapatos/vender iDnde se venden |os zapatos?
puede fumar
1
2
I
4
5
cuede fumar
Los cigarrillos/comprar.
Los relo.les/vender.
Las camisas/hacer
El vino/vender.
Los tra..1es/hacer.
2comprende usted el espao| hablado?

(Lisrening exercises)
aces
7
En lo taquilla
Listen to the tape and write down in English where the traveller wishes to
go, at what time she wants to arrive and what type and class of ticket she
wants.
I
I
1ADONDE VAMOS? t21
:F
(a
\t
zr.i
C..
a\
\z
!B
NJ
17)
{6)
(sl
{4)
(3)
i2)
(l)
13,18
8,45
to,tb
14,59
12,30
ELECTRO
?E
)?
)n nq
ta
{3t
ESTRELLA
18,30
18,41
to,rc
20.15
1A (1
1A.M
19,42
22,06
?n Ea
{s)
(4)
'16,26
NTERCITY
TALGO
7,45
6,58
4,40
to,
EXPRESO
7,45
4,40
,4c
(7t
EXPflESO
Hr
us
o i' P 'x..-;ta+tt-
'=Y-)5
!;
ttsH{tsts
'vO-*+F-+-.
'.D
@A
;:'E.<C<< )
o\t.r|AUJN)P
rD
p-
!t
o
3
fr
F-
?}.
--9l
i.^.
0q
9 i..A
R
o-. o-o- !'*bo
. oo-oxooaD.Dxoo
!nE F
-Jr!-----
-1.-,-4.-41
p<<<=<P<<
4---4-z'-
.--H.F-?S*-
\o@-]o\tnAUJ[9
combinado aUtocares entre AIicante Y Bentdom/campelto^r'iIlaioyosTorrevre1a y Campoamor'

TLGo' SupIem. A. 1..' 2.. (Macjrid'AIicanle). Caetera y video. sefuiclo combinado aUlocaes entre Alicante y Benidorm/CampelIolVilIajoyosTorrevieja
Y
CamDoamor.
lNTERCITY. suplem' B. 1-l, 2.. (ttladrid'AIicante). caetgra.
lileas. Autoexpreso (Madrid Alicanle)'
ExPREso' No circuIa del 24.V| a| ,t7.Ix- ]...2.., camas, .].",2.l,
EXPBEso "CoSA 8LANCA". circuIa de| 24'V| aI l7'lx.
camas' literas. Autoexpreso 1Maorid'Alicante). Servicio combinado de autocares ontre Alicante
y Benidorm/campello/viIlajoYosTorrevieia
y campoamo.
RAPIoo. suolem. E. 1.6,2., {Madr.d.Alinle)' caeteria. Guarderia' Autocares entre A|icante.Benidorm/Torrev.ejcampeIlo/vilIajoyosa

y campoamo.
ELECBoREN. supIem. B' J-., 2-' (Madrld'Alicantei. cafetera.
ESTRELLA .NARANCol' supiem. D. circu|a ]os sbados y adems los mircoles. enrre ei 6.VlI al ]4-lX.88. 2.. {Gijon.Alicante). caetgria' 8a|| club. servicio
ALlcNTE
Villena
Elda-Petrel
ALBACETE
a m a rtin
MADRID.Medioda
MADR lD-Ch
(1)
RAPIDO
pucoges?
Listen to the tape and answer the questions in English. You may find you need
to look up in your dictionary two or three forms of transport' but see if you can
.9
guess them irst.
I How does the woman like to travei?

2 How does the man usually travel?
3 !hat does he do if he cannot use that means of transport?
4 How does the man travel to work?
5 Why?
6 How does the woman travel to work?
7 How does she travel when on holiday?
8 How does the man describe this means of transport?
9 What does she sav about it?
5
.9
.9
.9
'i
6>
LJ] compende usted el espao| escrito?
c^
<o
(Reading exercises)
E<
:,<ii
Look at the page from the RENFE timetable opposite and answer the questions
in English.
.:
gN
q.x
9.'ja
c> >
".!' 9
tx!
!N:
; ii
;1
i.ir
.!<:
..,'o t9
- z=
;{?
- 6: o
1
2
3
4
5
6
\7hat is meant
by .Sup|em'' in the footnotes?
$7hat facilities are available on the Rpido?

On which days does the Estrella 'Naranco' run?
$7hat facilities are available on the Expreso?
Is the Expreso a daily service?
How do you reach Benidorm/Campello/Yillaloyosa
Talgo?
etc. if you travel on the
c=-=
k < x
o 60 t
19
> -tr
FOO:
pf F
008
lADONDE VAMOS?
123
v-
Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)
En la agencia de oiajes
@eri
obl
Can you put this conversation in the right order?
Todo depende de| precio. 1Cunto vale en tren7
A las tres y media de la tarde.

Buenos das. 2Ou desea?
Pues deme un bi|lete en tren oara maana.
2Cmo quiere ir, en tren o en autocar?
Muy bien, seorita'
Ouisiera ir a Barcelona.
_ En tren es ms
Caro
ms cmodo' c|aro.
dos mil quinientas pesetas _ pero es ms rpido y
2Y en autocarT
qu hora sale e| tren?

En autocar son mil trescientas pesetas, ida y vuelta.
2,A
% etu3
w&%{
IL-Dialoqur
Dialogue
The Robinso
tion
124 MASTERING SPINIS/
desk
r(
2Tiene una habitacin |ibre?

Obtaining services - 2
.ns rpido y
ffim#&ffi[
"ffffiwssxwffiffiffi
wam*&ffi-e
ffi&ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
ffiffiffi ffieffiffi w
&&ffitr&ffiffiffiffiffi
&
tx&&ffi.r
Dialogues
Dialogue
The Robinsons arrive at the Hotel Suizo. They go in and approach the reception desk - recepcin _ where a young lady greets them.
ITIENE UNA HABITACION
LIBRE?
125
Recepcionista: Buenas tardes. iEn qu puedo servirle?

Robert: Buenas tardes. 1Tiene una habitacin libre?
Recepcionista; ilndividual o doble?
Robert: Doble. por favor.
Recepcionista: iCon cuarto de bao?
Robert: S.
Recepcionista: Vamos a ver. Doble con cuarto de bao. S, la quince est
libre. iPara cuntos das?
Robert: Para tres das; hasta el viernes.
Recepcionista: Muybien.
Robert: ;Cunto vale 1a habitacin?
Recepcionista' La habitacin vale ocho mil pesetas por da. Luego tiene usted
las comidas.
Robert: iCunto valen las comidas?

Recepcionista: El desayuno vale cuatrocientas pesetas, el almuerzo v la
cena
valen dos mil pesetas cada uno.

Robert: Doce mil cuatrocientas pesetas por da entonces.
Recepcionista: No, seor. La pensin completa vale un poco menos: doce mi1
pesetas por da. iQuiere usted 1a pensin completa?
Robert: Si, por favor.
Recepcionista: Ustedes son ingleses, lverdad?
Robert: Eso es.

Recepcionista: lQuiere rellenar este impreso, por favor?
Robert: S. ;Qu piso es?
Recepcionista: Segundo piso. Aqu tiene usted la llave.
Robert: Gracias.
AIcz
Joan:
Gra<
Recepcionisl
ElAlcz
Joan:
Grar
Joan:
Grar
Recepcionis
Recepcionis
Dialosue 2
After a brief examination of the room Joan Robinson is not entirely satisfied and
calls the porter el portero.
Vocabu
Joan;
servir (i)
1en qu pur
2a qu hore
iOiga! ;Quiere venir un momento?
Portero: S, seora.
Joan: Me parece que
esta toalla no est limpia, y Ia luz en el cuarto de bao
no funciona.
Portero: ;Perdone usted, seora! Voy a cambiar la toalla en seguida y
arreglar la iuz en el cuarto de bao.
Joan:
EI
Gracias.
Diatogue 3
The Robinsons decide to go out for a walk before dinner and ask for a town
plan at the receptionist's.
Joan:
Seorita, itiene usted un plano de la ciudad?

Recepcionista: S, seora. Aqu tiene usted.
le/la
individual
doble
el cuarto de
viernes
por da
el desayune
el almuerzo
caaa
cada uno/a
la pensin
un poco
rellenar
quince eSt
'b
8#g
tlene usted
B,'zo y la cena
os: doce
mil
&'*
E|
A|czar
Joan:
Gracias. 4Por dnde se va al Alczar?

Recepcionista: Salga usted dei hotel, tuerza a la derecha y siga todo derecho.
El Alczar es el edificio muy grande al final de 1a calle.
Joan:
Gracias.
Recepcionista:
Joan: Gracias.
ReCeDcionista.
ratisfied and
;eguida
Adis.
Adis.
Vocabulary
servrr
rto de bao
1A qu hora se sirve la cena?

A partir de las ocho y media hasta ias once, seora.
to help, serve
how can I help you?
at what time is ... served?
you (polite)
single
{rl
2en qu puedo servir|e?

La qU hora se sirve .'.?
le/la
individual
doble
el cuarto de bao
double
bathroom
Friday
vrernes
for a town
per day, a day

breakfast
por da
el desayuno
el almuerzo
caaa
cada uno/a
|a pensin comp|eta
un poco
rellenar
lunch
each
each one
full board
a little
to fill in
l IENE UNA HABITACION LIITRE?
127
el impreso
pl nnrtprn
la toalla
limpio/a/os/as
la luz
funcionar
peroonar
;perdone ustedl
cambiar
arreglar
el plano
salir
salga usted
torcer {uel
tuerza
seguir
(i)
srga
todo derecho
el ediflcio
a partir de
form
porter (in hotei)
towel
clean
light
to work (of lights, machines, etc.)
to forgive
forgive me
to change
to repair, fix
plan, map (of a city)
to leave, go out
go out (imperative)
to turn, twist
turn (imperative)
to carry on, follow
carry on (imperative)
straight ahead
building
from (of time or money)
2lndivid
Doble.
Ifyou requir
Con dor
lCon
cu
Con dur
(c) Days
These are
at
lunes
martes
mircolr
JUeves
viernes
sbado
doming
The days of
of the week'
Explanations
El mart(
To express
(a) Hotels
Hotels in Spain, as in many other countries, indicate their category with stars,
with five stars indicating an expensive, luxury hotel and one star indicating a
cheap, simple hotel. A 'hostal' will be slightly cheaper than a hotei with the
.pensin' will be a simple boarding-house. A11 hotels are
Same Star-rating and a
controlled by the 'Ministerio de Comercio y Turismo' and all must display a
price iist (tarifa de precios) in every room. The 'tarifa de precios' will tell you
the price of the rooms, with a maximum price charged for meals and other services provided by the hotel. 'Paradores' are a state-owned chain of hotels many
of which are converted castles which have been beautifully restored to their previous splendour. A list of the 'paradores' can be obtained from the Spanish
Tourist Office (see page 358 for the address). The tourist office (oficina de
informacin y turismo) in any city can provide a list of the hotels in that city
together with the prices they charge.
You ask if the hotel has a room with the phrase:

FIave you got a room available?
You make known your detailed requirements by using the following words:
128 MASTERING SPIAI/S1
Los mi
Saturday an
Los sb'
Los don
(d) Exprt
gra?n77lav
You simply
Doscier
Mil pest
Cinco n
Diez mi
(e) Expre
(b) Asking for a roo??t

1Tiene una habitacin |ibre7
One way to
expressed
ar
Creo
Creo
ql
ql
Single or double?
Double, please.
2lndividual o doble?
Doble, por favor.
If you require a twin-bedded room, you say:
With two beds.

Con dos camas.
ZCon cuarto de bao o con ducha7 With a bath or a shower?
With a shower.
Con ducha.
es, etc.)
(c) Days of the useek

These are as follows:
Monday
lunes
martes
mircoIes
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Jueves
viernes
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
sbado
domingo
The days of the week are always written with a small initial letter and 'on * day
of the week' is expressed by 'el + day of the week':
El martes voy a
To express
y with stars,
indicating
tel with the
Jl hotels are
st display a
will tell you
d other serhotels many
to their prethe Spanish
(oficina de
in that city
Granada.
On Tuesday I'm going to Granada.
a regular habit you use 'los' with the day:
On $Tednesdav I don't work.
Los mirco|es no trabajo.
Saturday and Sunday are the only two days which have a plural form:
Los sbados voy a| cine'
Los domingosJuego al golf
On Saturdays I go to the cinema.

On Sundays I play golf.
(d) Expressing hous rnuch per hour, day, useek, ?Ttolrth, etc. grantrnar ref 3
You simply place 'por' in front of the reievant noun:
Doscientas pesetas por hora.
Mil pesetas por da.
Cinco mil pesetas por semana.
Diez mll pesetas por mes.
200 pesetas an
1000 pesetas a
5000 pesetas a
l0 000 pesetas
hour.
day.
week.
a month.
(e) Expressing opinions - gra?ntnar ref 14

One way to do this is to use 'creo que' + phrase. Simple opinions can then be
expressed as follows:
.abie?
words:
Creo que si.

Creo que no
I think so.
I think not.
1TIENE UNA HABITACION
LIBRE?
129
Creo oue est en Nueva York
Another way is to use 'me parece' + adjective or 'me parece'
2ou |e parece |a
habitacin?
Me parece muy bonita.
(h) Findinl
I think he's in New York.

+ phrase:
What do you think of the room?

I think it's very nice. (It seems very
By placing th
verbs you can
2,{ qu h<
\7hat
nice to me.)
Is it raining?
I think it's not raining. (It seems to
me that it is not raining.)
2Llueve?
Me parece que no llueve.
2'A
qu h<
\hat
iDnde
\Wher
(f) Mahing co?nplaints and getting things put right - gra?n?nar
ref 8
(i) Clean and dirty

;
tr<ta Iimnin
a| rt t17fg
l
cLJ!L'
"
de bao?
Esta toal|a est sucia.
(i) Radical
Is the bathroom clean?

This towel is dirty
Most verbs
'Estar' is used with these two adjectives because being clean or dirty is a temporary condition.
Como ml
Comes p<
Come de
(ii) Getting things changed or repaired

If something does not work, the phrase you use
No funciona.
La luz no funciona.
E| te|fono no funciona
To ask for something to be changed, you

2Ouiere cambiar ...?
2Ouiere cambiar las toallas?
To ask for something to be repaired, you
Some verbs cl
rs:
It does not work.
types.
The light does not work.

The telephone does not work
(i) Verbs wt
say:
TDays of finding
Fmnipzzs
Fmaiezz
The change
Tuerza a la derecha.
Tuerza a la izquierda.
Siga todo derecho.
I30 MASTERING SPINISH
Leave the hotel.
person plural
11
In Chapter 4 you learned some basic ways of finding your way about a town
and you should revise them before tackling these new ways:
\zlna rlel |":ntel
The change
EmDiezo
say:
your zaay about - grarnrnar ref
Empezar
Will you change ...?

Will you change the towels?
Can you repair...?

2Puede arreglar ...?
la
luz?
arreglar
Can you repair the light?
iPuede
zapatosT
arreglar
estos
Can you repair these shoes?
iPuede
(g) More
hr
example:
Turn right.
Turn left.
Carry on straight ahead. (Note the
difference between 'todo derecho'
and 'a la derecha'.)
Preferir
Prefjgro
l,
Ouerer
Te quierc
Sentarse
Me sient(
Senttr
Lo siento
Tener
aou t1et
Venir
2,A que h
(h) Finding out ushen sornething happens - grsttl?tlar ref 7(iii)

ase:
room?
3ems very
seems to
)
By placing the pronoun 'se' in front of many third person singular or plural
verbs you can find out when or how things are done:
2,{ qu hora se sirve |a cena7
What time is dinner served? (What time does dinner serve itselP)
2A qu hora se abre el banco?
What time is the bank open? (\X/hat time does the bank open itselP)
iDnde se vende e| tabaco?
$7here is tobacco sold? (\X/here does tobacco sell itselP)
fQTlxITtQr
(i) Radical-changing cerbs - grq??x??Lar ref 7(ia)

Most verbs have a stem which does not change and an ending which does. For
is a tempo-
example:
Como mucho.
Comes ooco.
Come demasiado.
I eat a lot.
You eat little.

FIe eats too much.
Some verbs change both the stem arrd the ending and can be grouped into three
rypes.
ork.
(i) Verbs which change '-e-' into '-ie-' in the stern
The change is underlined.
Emoezar
s?
To begin
I begin at seven o'clock.
You begin later.
He begins at one o'clock.
Empiezo a las siete.
Empiezas ms tarde'
Empieza a la una
The change affects the first, second and third persons singular and the third
person plural. Verbs which change in the same way are as follows:
s?
, 11
out a town
To prefer
I prefer blondes.
To wish, want) loz)e
I love you very much.
Preferir
Preflcro las rubias.

Ouerer
Te ouiero mucho
Sentarse
Me siento en la sala de estar.
rdote the
: derecho'
Sentir
Lo siento mucho.
Tener
2ou t1ene usted7
Venir
2A qu hora v,lene
To sit down
I sit down in the living-room.
To
feel, regret
I'm very sorry. (I feel it a lot.)
e|
autobs7
To haae (Note: 'tengo'= I have)

$7hat have you got?
To come (Note: 'vengo'= I come)
$hat time does the bus come?
LIBRE?
I3I
Nevar
Nieva mucho en los
Pirineos.
Ouiero u
To snow
It snows a lot in the Pyrenees.
However, twc
Verbs which change in this way are indicated in the vocabularies as follows:
Empezar
(ii) Verbs which change '-u-' or
Necesitar
Necesito
To begin
(ie)
Hacer fah
Me hace
ciudad
Me hacer
'-o-' into '-ue-' in the stern
The change is underlined.
Jugar
jugo
To
aI go|f
plal
I play golf.
Poder
aPqgde usted decirme?
Can you tell me?
Dormir
Mi marido duerme mal.
My husband sleeps badly.
To be able, can
Exerciser
To sleep
Acostarse
Me acuesto tarde |os sbados.
Llover
Llueve mucho en lnglaterra,
7'o rain
It rains a lot in England, doesn't it?

To tty on (of clothng)
Martha tries the skirt on.
To play
To be able, can
Jugar (uel
Poder {ue)
The key to
I go to bed late on Saturdays.
2verdad?
Probarse
Marta se prqgba la falda.
To go to bed
(iii) Verbs which change '-e-' into '-i-' in the stern

o All of these aerbs belong to the '-ir'catego?y. The change
Exercise
Play the part

double room,
Recepcionista
Usted:
(Say
Recepcionista
Usted: (Sol
Recepcionista
Usted:
(Say
is underlined.
Now repeat
tL
zou pide usted?
$7hat are you asking for?
Servir
2Para qu sjrve7
To serz;e, help, be usedfor

What's it used for?
Exercise
Seguir
To follow, carty on (Iote:
Pedir
Pedro slgue por la
To ask;for
calle.
Establish the
.5i9o'=
Usted:
Peter carries on along the street.
Usted:
follow)
Pedir
i)
(j) Expressing needs -
To ask for
grq??x??tcrr ref 14
This can be done by using the verb 'quiero', I want:
(Ask
Recepcionista
las comidr
(Ask
Recepcionista
valen dos
Usted:
(Szlgg
Recepcionista
peseras pc
Usted:
(Say.
ouiero un caf.
rrenees.
I want a coffee.
However, two other ways are as follows:
as follows:
Necesitar
Necesito una toalla limpia.
To need
I need a clean towel.
Hacer falta
Me hace falta un plano de la
ciudad.
Me hacen [alta unos Tdnat.:'\
To need, lack
I need a plan of the city ('hace'
because 'plano' is singular).
I need some shoes
('hacen' because
'zapatos' is plural).
Exercises
tlv.
The kelt to these exercises begins on p. -?14.
rdays.
i, doesn't it?
t\ Exercise t Booking a room
Play the part of Robert Robinson in the following dialogue; book yourself
double room with bath.
1.
Recepcionista: Buenas tardes. lEn que puedo servirle?

Usted: (Say good aftentoon. Ask i;f they have a roont free.)
Recepcionista: llndividual o doble?
rs follows:
Usted:
(Say double, please.)
Recepcionista: ;Con cuarto de bao o con ducha?
Usted: (Sa1with
Now repeat the exercise and book a single room with a shower.
d.
O
'Sigo'=
e street.
s
follows:
a barh.)
Exercise 2 Finding out the price

Establish the price charged for the room and meals and accepr the terms.
Usted:
(Ask how much the room
costs.)
Recepcionista: La habitacin vale ocho mil pesetas por da' Luego tiene usted
las comidas.
(Ask how mttch the meals cost.)
Recepcionista: El desayuno vale cuatrocientas pesetas, el almuerzo y la cena
Usted:
Usted:
(Szggesr that full board costs 12,400 pesetas per day.)

Recepcionista: No. La pensin completa vale un poco menos: doce mil
pesetas por da. 4Quiere usted la pensin completa?
Usted.
(Sayyes, please.)
TTIENE UNA HABI'TACION
LIBRE2
133
(\)
Exercise
Making comPlaints
Complain that the towel is not clean and the light does not work in the bathroom.
Usted:
(Say that it seems
to
does not work.)
Portero: lPerdone
usted!
Now repeat the exercise and complain that the bed is dirty and the telephone
does not work.
( )
\
Exercise
(\ )
2Ou da va Usted a Sevi|la? (\l/ednesday)

2au da empieza usted su traba''1o? (Friday)
zOu da sa|e usted para Crdoba? (Thursday)
1ou da l|ega usted a Barce|ona7 (Tuesday)
2Ou da est usted |ibre? (Saturday)
Exercise
1
2
3
4
5
dos mil pesetas Por dia.

siete mil pesetas por semana.
treinta mil Pesetas Por mes.
tres mil pesetas Por hora.
Va|e cien pesetas por da'
Vale
Vale
Vale
Vale
Exercise
Expressing opinions
Express an opinion about the following.

Example: iou le parece |a habitacin? (Very nice) Me parece muy bonita.
1
2
3
4
5
2ou |e parece e| hote|? (Excellent)

2au |e parece esta seorita7 (Very nice)
2Ou |e parece |a comida? (Rather expensive)
2au |e parece |a ciudad? (Very romantic)
1ou |e parece e| bo|so7 (Cheap)
Answer the f
Understandang what things cost
Explain to a friend, who does not speak Spanish, what things cost'
Example: Vale doscientas pesetas por hora. It costs 200 pesetas an hour.
Exercise
l 2,A qu
2 2au p
3 2auiere
4 2Dndt
5 iTiene
6 iCmo
7 2Nieva
8 2Juega
9 1Duern
10 2,{ qu
1 1 2llueve
L2 iSirve u
Saying when you do things
E'xample: 2au daJuega Usted a| go|? (Monday) Juego al golf e| |unes'
1
2
3
4
5
( )
\
EI
5e puede
La fruta s
you that this towel is dirty and the light in the bathroom
banco
Exercise
Change the
Example: Ne
Ne
NL
I
2
3
4
A
Necesito
Necesito
Necesito
Necesito
Necesito
Kfc"-*
(Listening
ex
( ) Exercise 7 Asking when and where things happen

\
The following are the answers. $hat were the questions?

E,xample: E| tabaco se vende en e| estanco. iDnde se vende el tabaco7
I
2
La cena se strve a las nueve.

Las aspirinas se venden en la farmacia'
En la recel
Listen to the
of the room.
3
4
5
e bathroom.
the bathroom
e telephone
lunes.
hour.
O
\
El banco se abre a las diez.

Se puede aparcar en la plaza.
La fruta se vende en |a frutera
8 Answering
Exercise
questions
Answer the following questions.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
l0
l1
L2
zA qu hora empieza Usted su traba1o por la maana?

2au prefiere Usted, e| vino o Ia Cerveza?
2Ouiere usted ser rico (rical?
2Dnde se sienta usted para ver la telev|sin?
2Tiene usted hermanosT
2Cmo viene usted a su traba.'1o?
2Nieva mucho en su ciudadT
ZJuega usted al gol?
2Duerme usted bien o mal?
2,1 qu hora 5e acuesta usted los sbados?
2l|ueve mucho en su regin?
2Sirve usted vino con la comida los domingos?
Exercise
Expressing a need
Change the following and use 'me hacelhacen falta'.

Example: Necesito ms tiempo. Me hace fa|ta ms tiempo.
Necesito unos zaDatos nuevos. Me hacen falta unos zapatos
nuevos.
ry bonita
1
2
3
4
5
Necesito
Necesito
Necesito
Necesito
Necesito
una toalla limoia.

una chaqueta de piel.
unos calcetines.
un relo.1 de oro.
una cartera nueva.
;Comprende usted el espao| hab|ado?

I
lbacoT
En lo recepcin
Listen to the tape and write down exactly what the tourist wants, and the price
of the room.
TTIENE UNA HABITACION
LIBRE2
135
lQuiere aenir un ntornento?

Listen to the tape and write down what the client is complaining about.
En qu puedo serairle?
1
2
3
4
\Yhy has the woman come to the Reception Desk?

\hat two things are wrong with her room?
When was the room cleaned?
What is her room number?
2comprende usted el espaol escrito?

(Reading exercises)
f(
fi
I
Look at the photographs on page |25. !hich notice would you pay attention to
if you:
l
2
3
4
$anted to find a room for the night with no other facilities?

Were looking for the swimming pool in the hotel?
$Tanted a room with a bath and central heating?
$anted to rent a flat in the town centre?
Read the descriptions of the three hotels and their facilities on the next page,
and then select the hotel from the ones given.
1
2
3
4
You wish to organise a business conference in the north of Spain in a hotel

with good conference facilities.
You want to take your whole family for a holiday with all kinds of sporting
facilities available.
You are something of a gourmet and eating well is important to you.
You want to be able to explore the capital of Spain with a good hotel to
return ro in the evening.
l3
MASTERING sPlNISH
r(
HOTEL MIRAMAR
rbout.
Carretera de Granada, 23
Situado en el mejor lugar de la Costa del Sol, en el centro
de Almera, al lado del mar, ais|ado de ruido, con extensos
jardines - tenis, piscina, deportes nuticos, extensa playa,
campo de golf a 2 kilmetros, parking gratuito, piscina
para nios.
132 habitaciones, todas con cuarto de bao, televisin'

y calefaccin central. Aire acondicionado en el
telfono
restaurante y bar. Abierto todo el ao.
HOTEL GOZMAN
Plaza de Colon, 15, Len
Situacin: En zona cntrica y cerca de la estacin de ferro.
carril.
Habitaciones: 150 con bao, calefaccin, telfono, mini-bar
y televisin.
Complementos: Amplios salones y excelente cocina

regional e internacional, sala de conferencias, sala de
fiestas y servicio mdico.
HoTEL CATALN
ry attentlon to
Calle Velzquez, 145, Madrid
Categora 4 estrellas ****
80 habitaciones todas con cuarto de bao completo
ducha, televisin, mini.bar, aire acondicionado' Hotel de
reciente construccin situado cerca del Paseo de la

Castellana y del centro de la capital.
he next page,
rain in a hotel
ds of sporting
:o
you.
good hotel to
LIBRE?
137
Rr
Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)
En el hotel
Look at the picture of the hotel reception and list all the words which contatn
the letter 'e'. For example 'perro' (dog).
Administer
pages 6_8
Section
Read the int

read the inte
Interaieus
Hombre: I
Mujer: Q,.,'
Hombre: I
Mujer: Un
Hombre: \
Mu.1er: Ne
Hombre: a
Mujer: Var
rrelnta y
.(r:
'1.'l
Hombre.
(!
r_*,-,qa H"zlE
""'-i\
treinta y
Mu-;er. 1De
Hombre:
Mqer:
S. ]
Hombre: V
Mu-1er: Mu
Hombre:
Questions
Now write d
I
2
3
4
l
38
MASTERING s.PlN1s'1
What d
What si
What cr
What is
Revision and self-assessment

test for Chaptes 6-| o
rich contain
Administer the test and mark it in the manner outlined for the earlier test (see
pages 66-68).
Section t
Read the interview or listen to it on the cassette. If you have the cassette do nol
read he intetwiew.
Interaieus
Hombre: Buenos das, seora. tQu desea?
Mujer: Quisiera ver algunos zapatos, por favor.
Hombre; Muy bien, seora' ;Qu nmero gasta
Mu.ier: Un treinta y ocho.
Hombre: Y, 4de qu color?
usted?
Mu.;er: Negros.
Hombre: istos, por ejemplo?
Mu..1er; Vamos a ver. ;Ay! Son un poco estrechos. 1Tiene usted un nmero
trelnta y nueve?
Hombre: Creo que
s. Un momento' por favor. S, seora, aqu tiene usted un

trelnta y nueve.
Mu.;er: iDe qu son? ;De piel o de plstico?
Hombre: Son de piel, seora. Todos los zapatos en esta tienda son de piel.
Mr4er: S. stos sorr mucho ms cmodos. ;Cunto valen?.
Hombre: Valen cinco mil seiscientas pesetas) seora.
Mu.1er: Muy bien. stos, por favor.
Hombre: Gracias, seora. iQuiere pagar en caja? Por aqu.
Questions
Now write down the answers to the foilowing questions.
1
2
3
4
What
$hat
What
What
does the woman want?

size does she take?
colour does she want?
is wrong with the first pair she tries?
REVISION AND SE'F-I.SSESSMENT
TEST
139
5 What does she ask for?

6 What does she want to know about them?
7 !hat are they made oP
8 \7hat are the other shoes in the shop made
9 What does she say about the second pair?
l0 How much do they cost?
(,4s,
Mark
o
Section I
Secrion 2(,
!7rite down what you would say in answer to the waiter's questions to get yourself a meal of a mixed salad, roast chicken with chips, ice-cream and a bottle of
Secrion
red wine.
Section 2(,
2 marks per
@) Getting a rneal
3 marks per
Usted:
(Ask for a mixed salad.)
Usted:
(Ask for roast chicken and chips.)
Usted:
(Say yes, an ice-creant.)
Usted:
(Ask for a bottle of red wine.)
2(
4 marks per
4 marks per
Camarero; iY despus?
Maximum
Se/y'asses,
Camarero: 4Y para beber?
Over
tr
60 e)i
40-60 satir
Under 40
@) Finding out about trains

Write down what you would say to obtain the following information in a railway
station.
1
2
3
4
5
/7>
Usted.
of)
Camarero: ;Qu va a tomar de primer plato?
2>
Gq
(Sa,
Recepcionisl
Section 2
Usted;
The time of the next train to Barcelona.

The price of a return ticket.
The place the train leaves from.
Vhether meals are served on the train.
The arrival time in Barcelona.
$q ft)
Booking a
roo??L
in a hotel
\X/rite down what you would say to the receptionist in a hotel to obtain a double
room with bath for ten days. Also find out about the price of the room'
Recepcionista: Buenos das. iEn qu puedo servirle?
Usted.
(Ask i he has a room free.)
Usted:
(Say
Usted:
(Say yes, with a bathroom.)

dorLble, Please.)
Recepcionista: 1Con cuarto de bao?

Recepcionista: ;Para cuntos das?
140
MASTERING SPINISI
trst,te
Section I
1 Some s
2 Size 38
3 Black.
,1 They a
5 Asize!
6 If they
7 Leathe
8 Leathe
9 They a
10 5600 p
Section 2
(a) Getting
Voy a
t(
Usied:
(Say or ten days')
Usted:
(Ask how much the room
Recepcionista: Muybien.
costs.)
Mark scheme
o
Section
Section 2(a)
3 marks per correct sentence (maximum 12)
l to get yourrd a bottle of
Section 2(b)
Section 2(c)
Maximum total 72
Se/y' asses
?7xent g ra de
60 excellent
60 satisfactory
Under 40 need for careful
Over
40
r in a railway
Answers
Section
tain a double
'om.
revision
I Some shoes.
2 Size 38.
3 Black.
.t They are rather tight.
5 A size 39.
6 If they are made of leather or plastic.
7 Leather.
8 Leather.
Q Thev are mrrch more comfortable.
10 5600 pesetas.
Section 2
(a) Getting a rneal
Voy a tomar una ensalada mixta.
REVISION AND S'ETF-ISSESS-^4EN7
TEST
141
Pollo asado con patatas.

S, un helado.
Una botella de vino tinto.
@rt'
(b) Finding out about trains
l zA qu hora sa|e el prximo tren para Barcelona?

2 2Cunto vale un bi|lete de ida y vuelta?
3 1De dnde sale el tren?
4 2Se puede comer en el tren?
5 tA qu hora l|ega e| tren a Barce|ona7
Lik
(c) Booking a roorn in a hotel

2Tiene una habitacin Iibre?
Doble, por favor.
S' con Cuarto de bao.
Para diez das.
2Cunto vale |a habitacin7
Toledo
triogu.
R
Dialogue
Mr Robinson
a handicraft
Lev, 4. They
Joan; iCon
Empleado:
damasqu
joan: S, m
Empleado:
espadas.
a|.e gusta?
Likes, dislikes and preferences
Dialogues
Dialogue
Mr Robinson's professional interest in souvenir shops takes him and his wife to
a handicraft shop and factory in Toledo: Artesana Espao|a, Ca||e de Samue|
Lev, 4. They go first to the workshops.
Joan: iCon
qu se fabrica todo esto?
Emp|eado: Con oro y acero, seora. Es el arte tpico de Toledo y

damasquinado. ;Le gusta?
Joan;
se llama arte
S, me gusta mucho' aQu se fabrica aqu exactamente?
Emp|eado: Aqu se fabrica de todo, seora: broches, collares, pendientes,

espadas . . . Esto, por ejemplo) es un broche. ;Le gusta?
lLE GUSTA?
143
Joan.
S. E
Robert: Mr
Joan:
S, es muy bonito. iY todas estas cosas se venden aqu?

Emp|eado: E.so es, seora. Se venden en la tienda que est ah al lado del
taller. Y se exportan tambin a Inglaterra, a Francia y a los Estados Unidos.
Joan: Bueno. Muchas gracias. Ahora voy a ver lo que tienen en la tienda.
Adis.
Empleado: Adis'
seora.
Dependient.
Dialogue:
Sightseeing i
Dialosue 2
Joan:
Joan finds her husband, who is already in the shop. He is choosing presents for
friends back home.
Robert: Mr
Robert: 1Hola, cario!

gusta?
E.ste broche eS para Isabel, la hermana de
Vam
Estoy ca
Camarero:
Robert; Un
Bill. iTe
Joan:
4E'ste, seora?
Joan: Un
l:
Camarero:
RoLrert: ;H
Joan:
Dependienta:
Camarero.
S, me gusta mucho. E's muy bonito. 4Cunto vale?

Dependienta; Vale dos mil pesetas, seora.
Robert: Y unos pendientes para Dolores. Le gustan los pendientes a Dolores,
;verdad?
S, creo que s. 4Tiene usted pendientes?
Dependienta: Claro que s. seora. Estos son muy bonitos, ;no?
Joan; S, son bastante bonitos, pero me gustan ms aqullos.
Dependienta: 1stos, seora?
Joan; S. ;No te gustan) cario?
Robert: S, me gustan mucho. aSon caros?
Dependienta: No, seor. Slo mil ochocientas pesetas.
Joan: Estos, entonces.
Robert: Y ahora, un regalo para ti' .Qu quieres?
Joan: Me gustan mucho los collares que tienen. Mira. seme encanta
Joan: Me
Camarero:
Joan: Una
Camarero:
churros
Ro[rert:
'
Esr
Vocabul
fabricar
se fabrica
esto
el oro
et acero
el arte
tpico/a/os/z
damasquina
9usra
me gusta
me gustan
rc gu)Ld
le 9usta
le 9usta
me gustan n
me gustara
el broche
el collar
los pendient
t- E)Pdud
^-^-ird
ah
144 MASTERING SPINISII
al lado
Joan:
S. Es precioso.
Robert: Muy bien. El broche, los pendientes y ese collar, por favor.
Dependienta: Gracias, seor. 4Quiere pagar en caja? Por aqu.
del
ldos Unidos.
en la tienda.
Dialogue 3
Sightseeing is always a tiring business and, evenrually, Joan calls a halt.
Joan:
I
presents for
de
Bill.
gTe
es a Dolores,
Vamos a tomar caf aqu. Ya sabes que no me gusta andar todo el da.
Estoy cansada.
Robert: Muy bien, cario. 1Oiga, camarero!
Camarero; Buenos das, seor. 4Qu van a tomar?

Robert: Un caf con leche para m. 1Qu quieres, cario?
Joan: Me gustara tomar algo fro. 4Qu tiene?
Camarero: Pues hay batidos, horchata, limn natural, cerveza . . .
Joan: Un limn natural, por favor.
Camarero: Muy bien. 2A1go ms?
Robert; lHay churros? Me gustan mucho los churros.
Camarero: S, hay churros, seor. ;Y para la seora?
Joan: Una ensaimada.
Camarero: Muy bien. Un caf con leche, un limn natural' una racin de
churros y una ensaimada.
Robert: Eso
es.
Vocabulary
canta.
f
abricar
se fabrica
eSto
et oro
et
acero
el arte
tpico/a/os/as
damasquina do/a/os/as
gusta
me gusta
me gusran
te gusta
le gusta
le gusta
me gustan ms
me gustara
el broche
el collar
los pendientes
la espada
ah
to make, manufacture
(it) is made, manufactured
this (neither masculine nor feminine)
gold
steel
art
typical
damascened (steel nlaid with gold)

to like (literally, to please)
i like
(it pleases me)

I like (they please me)
you like (familiar)

you like (polite)
she likes
I prefer (they please me more)
I would like (it would please me)
brooch
necklace
earrings
sword
there
lLE GUSTA?
145
el taller
exportar
se exportan
Francia
los Estados Unidos
la hermana
aqu|' aqu||a/os/as
el regalo
workshop
to export
(they) are exported
The verb is mr
France
USA
andar
cansado/a/os/as
algo frio
el batido
la horchata
sister
that, those (over there) (pronoun)
present, gift
you (familiar, object pronoun)
to delight, please very much
I love it (it delights me)
beautiful, adorable
already
to walk
tired
something cold (to drink)
milk-shake
refreshing drink made from almonds
los churros
batter fritter
ri
encantar
me encanra
precioso/a/os/as
ya
e| |imn natura|
la ensaimada
|a racin
(c) Saying 1
grarn?TlqT T.
l^-^;,,;-^
^,,*^
PurL rLrrrvrr rqN!
sugared bun
No me gu
(El vino n<
No me gu
{Las uvas
No me gu
(d) Saying
g7'o??',?Tlsr Tl
The basic sent

Me gusta
Me gusta
Me gusta
No me gu
No me gu
portlon
(e) Express
prQ?7tftal"
Explanations
?"l
The basic sent
2ou |e g
cerveza
(a) Saying you lihe sornething _ grc.n??ar ref 14
Me gusta
Likes and dislikes are expressed using the verb 'gustar', but this verb means 'to
please'. Therefore the English sentence is reversed:
2ou le g
Me gusta el vino.
(El
vino me gusta.)
I like wine.
(Wine pleases me.)
aou |e g
The verb is third person singular because the thing that pleases you is third
person singular. If what pleases you is plural, the verb is plural:
Me gustan las uvas.

(Las uvas me gustan.)
(Grapes please me.)
ZTe gusta
2Te gusta
2Te gusta
14
The same form is used and the verb is alwavs singular:

Me gusta lugar al golf
146 MASTERING SPANISH
I like to play golf. (Playing
pleases me.)
las mor
Me gustar
(f) Saying t
(i) Talking t
like grapes.
(b) Saying you like doing sornething - grc?7lrnar ref
televisi
Me gusta
golf
(ii) Talking t
I
F ntt<t2
(c) Saying you do not lihe sortething or doing sornething

grarL?txar ref 14
The verb is made negative:
No me gusta el vino.
(El vino no me gusta.l
No me gustan las uvas.
{Las uvas no me gustan.l
No me gusta Jugar al golf
)ronoun)
roun)
rch
I do not like wine.
(Wine does not please me.)
I do not like grapes.
(Grapes do not please me.)
I do not like to play golf. (Playing
golf does not please me.)
(d) Saying hous rnuch you like sornething or doing sornething gran?Lar ref 14
The basic sentence is modified in the following ways:
)m almonds
Me gusta el vino.
Me gusta bastante el vino.
Me gusta mucho el vino.
No me gusta el vino.
No me gusta nada el vino.
I
I
I
I
I
like wine.
quite like wine.

like wine very much.
do not like wine.
do not like wine at ail
(e) Expressing a preference for sontething or doing sornething gratnrrlar ref 14

.ms' after the verb.
The basic sentence is modified by the addition of the word
2ou |e gusta ms,
e|
vino o
|a
cerveza?
Me gusta ms |a Cerveza.
2ou le gusta m5. Ver |a
televisin o leer?
Me gusta ms leer.
erb means 'to
aou |e gUstan ms. Ias rubias o

las morenasT
Me gustan ms |as rubias.
s you is third
Which do you prefer, wine or beer?

I prefer beer.
Which do you prefer, watching

television or reading?
I prefer reading.
Which do you prefer, blondes or

brunettes?
I prefer blondes.
(f) Saying uhot others like or dislihe - gratTlttlar ref

(i) Talking to a friend
ZTe gusta el cineT
ZTe gustan |as nove|as romnticas?
ZTe gusta fumar?
t.4
14
Do you like the cinema?

Do you like romantic novels?
Do you like smoking?
(ii) Talking to others
ing golf
Le gusta el teatro
You like the theatre.
tLE GUSTA? | 47
l
(j) Pointinl
You iike peas.

You like drinking.
He likes playing golf.
Le gustan los guisantes.

a nt rct) hpl-rpr
Le gusta jugar al golf

Le gustalugar al tenis.
.
You have seer

Esta carta
She.likes playing tennis.
The pronoun'le'has now been used to mean'you', 'he'and'she'. If any doubt

occurs) a short phrase is added:
Le gusta a usted el teatro.

Le gusta a | )ugar a| golf
Le gusta a ella;ugar al tenis
.
Ese
Ese broch
Esa casa e
Esos colla
Esas falda
You like the theatre.

He likes playing golf.
She likes playing tennrs.
If the person is named, the sentence is as follows:

Le gusta a Pab|o e| coac
Aquel
Paul likes brandy
The word order of these sentences is very flexible and all the following are quite
cofrect:
I
e nttsta
.a
P,ah|n e| coac.
A Pab|o le gusta el coac'

E|
coac
|e
Spanish has n
Aquel hor
Aquella n
Paul likes brandy.
Aquellos
Aquellas
gusta a Pab|o.
<
If the plural form is required, the pronoun used is 'les':
Les gusta la ciudad.

Les gustan los broches
They like the city.
(h) Talhing
You like the brooches
(g) Saying that you like sortething
oery rutuch - grs?vt??Lar ref 14
Fumas de
The verb 'gustar' is simply replaced by the verb 'encantar':

Me encanta su vestido.
Me encantan sus pendientes
Me encanta bailar.
No comes
2Vives aqr
2ou quit
I like your dress very much.

I like your earrings very much.
I like dancing very much.
All other persons follow exactly the same pattern
Joan Robinsor
singular of the
as with 'gustar'.
(h) Sayins that you ztsould lihe to do sontething - grq?ntns?'
ref 14
(i) Express
.gUstara' to expreSS .woul<l like':

The verb .9Ustar' is used in the form
A number of
Me gUstara visitar e| museo.

.Le gustara bai|ar?
I'd like to visit the museum.

$ould you like to dance?
Aburrir
Me aburre
Me aburre
(i) Making lists
lnteresar
\When you list things, you miss out the definite article:
Hay batidos, Cerveza, Caf'

Broches, collares. pendientes
I48
MASTERING SPIA'ISI-I
There are milk-shakes, beer, coffee.

Brooches, necklaces, earrlngs . .
range of opini,
Me intere:
No me int
oe5te.
Q) Pointing things out - gra?tl??tar ref 2(o)

You have seen that 'este' is used to express 'this':
Esta carta es para
If any doubt
usted.
Spanish has two other adjectives used to point things out:
Ese
vlng are qulte
This letter is for you.

That (near to
the person spoken to)
Ese broche es muy bonito.

Esa casa es muy antigua.
Esos collares son de oro.
Esas faldas son de lana.
That brooch is very ntce.

That house is very old.
Those necklaces are made of gold.
Those skirts are made of wool.
Aquel
T'hat (oz:er there
Aquel hombre es mi marido
'fhat man (over there) is my
Aquella muJer es mi abuela.
That woman (over there) is my
- not near the

speaker or the person spoken to)
husband.
-*- - l*^11rarrurrrULr1Ll
^* '
Aquel|os chicos son simpticos. Those boys (over there) are nice'
Aque||as seoritas son muy guapas' Those young ladies (over there) are
very pretty.
(k) Talhing tofriends, rneftibers

wnar ref 14
No comes mucho.
2Vives aqu en esta casa7
2ou quieres?
n.
m?Tlar
yourfarnily, etc.
Joan Robinson addresses her husband in the familiar form * the second person
singular of the verb. This form always ends in '-s':
Fumas demasiado.
rch.
much.
of
You smoke too much.

You don't eat a lot.
Do you live here in this house?
!7hat do you want?
(i) Expressing other opinions - gra??x??tar ref
14
A number of other verbs are used in the same way as 'gustar' to express a whole
range of opinions (some you have seen already in Chapters 7 and l0):
like':
)um.
Aburrir
Me aburre el arte moderno.
Me aburren los hombres tontos.
c?
beer, coffee.
.rrings . .
.
Interesar
Me interesa |a msica c|sica'
No me interesan las oe|cu|as de|
oeste.
To bore
Modern art bores me.

Stupid men bore me.
To interest
I'm interested in classical music.

I'm not interested in Western films
lLE GUSTA?
149
Robert: Un,
Usted: (Say
Camerero: I
Usted: (Say
Ouedar
Me queda una peseta.
Me quedan doscientas pesetas.
I've got one peseta left.

I've got 200 pesetas left.
Decir
Se dice que no est en To|edo.
It is said that he's not in Toledo.
Creer
Se cree que est en Madrid.
To beliezte
It is believed that he's in Madrid.
7-o
haoe left
To scty
Exercise 4
Say whether y
Examples: 2Lt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
l0
Exercises
a
The key to these exercises begins on p.
6.
Exercise t Finding out what things are made of

Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; ask what things are
made of.
Usted:
(Ask uhat eaerything is n'tade of.)

Emp|eado: Con oro y acero' seora' Es el arte tpico de Toledo y se llama arte
damasquinado. ;Le gusta?
Usted: (Say yes, you like it a lot. Ask uhat exactly is made here.)
Emp|eado; Aqu se fabrica de todo, seora: broches, collares, pendientes,
espadas. .
(
\
Exercise 2 Selecting a gift

Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; choose some earrings.
Robert. Y unos pendientes para Dolores. Le gustan los pendientes
a Dolores,
2verdad?
(Say yes, you think so. Ask the assistant i;f she has earrings.)
Dependienta; Claro que s, seora. E,stos son muy bonitos, ino?
Usted: (Sayyes, they're quite nice, but you prefer those ouer there.)
Dependienta: ;Estos. seora?
Usted: (Sa1'.'yes. Don't you like them, darling?)
Robert: S, me gustan mucho. 1Son caros?
Dependienta; No, seor. S1o mil ochocientas pesetas.
Usted:
Usted:
(
\
(Say these, then.)
Exercise 3 Getting a drinl<

Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; ask for cold drinks
and select a lemon juice.
I50
MASTERING SPINI.SI
LL(
2Le gust
LLe gust
2Le gust
ZLe gust
2Le gust
1Le gust
ZLe gust
2Le gust
ZLe gust
ale gust
Now repeat tl
Exercise
Say what you
Examples: 2L
2L
I ZLe gusl
2 2Le gust
3 ZLe gusl
4 2Le gusl
5 2Le gust
6 ZLe gusl
7 ile gust
8 2Le gust
9 2Le gus;
10 lle gus
Now repeat t

Usted: (Say 9ou would like to haae something cold. Ask the waiter what
Camerero: Pues hay batidos, horchata, iimn natural, ceweza . .
Usted: (Say a fresh lemon juice, please.)
he has.)
Toledo.
r
Madrid.
(\)
Exercise
, se llama arte
Saying what you like
Say whether you like the things offered, taking your cue from the faces.
Examples: 2Le gusta el caf sotoz @S' me gUSIa.
ZLe gustan las patatas fritas? I ruo, no me Oustan.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
l0
hat things are
2Le gusta e| caf con
|eche7 @
iLe gusta elvino tintoT

2Le gusta la cerveza?
@
@
2Le gustan las patatas fritasT @
2Le gusta e| coac?
@
p|tanos?
gustan
los
zLe
)
paella?
gusta
la
1Le
@
2Le gustan las chuletas de
pescado?
las uvasT
iLe gusta el
ZLe gustan
cerdo? @
@
@
Now repeat the exercise, but this time give genuine answers.
;, pendientes,
iome earrlngs.
tes a Dolores,
or cold drinks
Exercise 5 Saying what you lil(e doing

Say what you like doing in your spare time, taking your cue from the faces.
Examples: 2Le gusta bailar? @lSi, me gusta bailar.
ZLe gusta leer? @ No, no me gusta leer.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
l0
cocheT @
|a televisin? )
2Le gusta arreglar el

2Le gusta Ver
trabqar?
@
gusta
comer
bienT
2Le
@
2Le gusta ir de compras?
9
lLe gusta
4Le gusta estudiar eI
espaol7 @
altenis?
2Le gusta beber vino?
ale gusta escuchar discos?
2Le gusta dar un paseo?
2Le
gustaJugar
e
I
@
@
Now repeat the exercise, but this time give genuine answers.
lLE GUSTA?
51
C)
\
Exercise
Thlking for others
I
2
3
4
5
Your companion does not speak Spanish. Explain his or her likes and dislikes,
taking your cue from the faces.
Examples: ZLe gusta el vino a su maridoZ @ wo, no le gusta el vino.
ZLe gustan a su marido las uvasT @ Si, te gustan las uvas.
l 2Le gusta a su marido e| coac7

2 2Le gustan a su marido las rubias?
3 2Le gusta a su mujer el calor?
4 2Le gusta a su mujer e| caf solo7
5 2Le gustan a su muJer los museos?
6 2Le gusta a su hr.1o la Coca ColaT
7 2Le gustan a su hr..yo los churros?
8 2Le gusta a su amigo el sol?
9 2Le gustan a su amigo las vacacionesT
l0 ile gusta a su padre el fro?
( ) Exercise
\
@
@
Say how muc.
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
= quite like
= dislike
= profoundlydislike
cocne.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
l0
t-/
\
2Le gusta escuchar discos?

2Le 9u5ta bai|ar? /
2Le gusta trabaJarT
2Le
gusta
No, no me gusta nada lavar
el
xx
i'Le gusta Espa a? ,/

'/
2Le gustan los churrosT
ale gusta
|a Cerveza espaola7 x x
|a comida espao|a7 ulul
u/
2Le gusta el tabaco espaol7
2Le gustan las chicas espaolas7 ulul
Exercise
2ou |e p
2ou |e
aou |e
2ou |e
2ou |e
1ou |e
Exercise
1
3
4
Usted tie
2Cunto l
Usted tiet
1Cunto
Usted tie
2Cunto
Usted tie
I
pesetas.
5 Usted
Answer the following questions, taking your cue from the tick or the cross.
Example: 2Le gustara 1ugar aI golft / S. me gustara mucho.
152 MASTERING SPINIS/1
tie
ocnenta
Accepting an invitation willingly or rejecting it
p
p
p
p
p
Example: Us
qUinientas p
2
u/
2Le 9ustan los espao|es7
2Ou le p
2Ou |e p
2Ou |e p
Give your opi

Example: 2Ot
,/,/ = likealot
Example: 2Le gusta lavar el cocheT X
2ou |e p
Exercise f
Answer the following questions and use the cues as follows:
x
XX
Example:10t
@)
Exercise 7 Saying how much you like things o doing

things
2Le gustar
|Le gustal
2Le gustal
2Le gustal
2Le gustal
l
2
3
4
5
and dislikes,
ttno.
ivas.
1Le gustara tomar caf? i
2Le gustara venir a mi casa?

2Le gustara ver |a te|evisin7
2Le gustara ir de compras?

2Le gustara ir al cine? x
Exercise
u/
Flatter the speaker
Say how much you like things.

Example: 2ou |e parece mi casa? Me encanta SU Casa
i 2Ou |e parece mi vestido7

2 2au |e parecen mis hijos7
3 2au le parece mi ciudad?
4 1ou |e parece mi mu.1er?
5 1ou |e parecen mis pendientes?
O
loing
Exercise
Giving your oPinion of things
Give your opinion, taking your cue from the word in brackets.
Example: 2ou |e parece esa mujer7 (Delightful) Me encanta esa muJer
1 2ou |e parece |a ciudad? (Boring)

2 2au le parecen esos hombres7 (Interesting)
3 1au le parece |a comida7 (Quite likeable)
4 1ou |e parecen |as revistas? (Boring)
5 zou |e parece e| programa7 (Interesting)
(-)
\ exercise t I Saying how much money you have left
nada lavar el
Example: Usted tiene dos mil pesetas y compra un regalo que vale mil
quinientas pesetas. ZCUnto le queda7 Me quedan quinientas pesetas.
1
)
3
4
5
ejecting it
Usted tiene tres mil pesetas y compra un collar que vale mil pesetas
2Cunto |e queda7
| lctorl tipne rien . pesetas
r
y compra una revista que vale sesenta pesetas.
queda7
le
4Cunto
Usted tiene diez mil pesetas y toma una comida que vale dos mil pesetas.
1Cunto |e queda?
Usted tiene doscientas pesetas y Compra un peridico qUe vale veinte
pesetas. 2Cunto |e queda7
Usted tiene quinientas pesetas y compra unos cigarrillos que valen
ochenta peseias. 2Cunto |e queda?
the cross.
I
lLE GUSTA?
I
I
I
1s3
-V--_
la*
I t,u
lr.
I
I
\
cQu se fabrica ahi?
baor
hoce
{eolr
I 1-*
Look at the map of Spain on page 28 (Chapter 3). Listen to the tape and write
down in Engiish where various products are made, crops are grown' etc. in Spain.
,fi:
I
| ,;
muc
l*;
Listen again to the tape and write down what Ana and Paco like doing given
certain weather conditions.
| +t".
-I
|
aQu te interesq?
Mark the bllowing statements as .true', .false' or .do not know'
(a)
(b)
(c)
td)
(e)
The man likes weight-lifting.

He plays tennis occasionally.
The woman loves to play tennis.
Shc has won prizcs playing tennis.
The man suggests that the woman teach him to play tennis.
() The woman is fascinated by politics.
(g) They agree to play tennis.
comprende usted e| espao| escrito?

(Reading exercises)
Otra carta de Lola

Read this letter from Lola, and answer the questions on the next page in
English. (You may need to use your dictionarSr.)
154 MASTERING SPVISI1
":,"
Write dov
$7hat is tt
$7here do
!7hat doe
t+
What typr
6
7
8
$7hat leisr
whv?
$7hat doe
tRompec,
(Puzzles)
tE
aQu le gu'
Follow the lir

A Mara |e gt
Auerido anSo:
Madrid, rT
6"
Jspfiemb*'e\
, u'l" carla te vo,1 ocont.., cqles 5orr rnis posa{emps.

Cuando |.1oce tven "-l'i.'1o qn e/ veftloo, me 1usiq sclir por a|
con rnis omi9os, i. lce.l" o o, |o P|o,*.ormr eIso;
baor'e en | Piscinq o en .' ôr. 6" e-1 invierno, coon<l-o
Hadr1c{.
1+"e1
T:-3':l* -i:Tt*
Cmo
1o sobesY,ha1 rrochos *eq+ros
?(g|uQ/
"
\ m(Eho6 crnes *r.1tbua.os "^-lq copi{ol'
en cqio .1 leer o'n 1;Aro
4-"."e;a" }eo,"o- queda'rme
in.leresqnte. / q'.}"l nucho [o-s biog"t.o1..qs .Y leo
muchos, sobre tdo [e.s bio1re6iq5 a3-1ente irtone
en o" his*otio .te 3po6Y. '
,n, e( -lenis,
o .u 1y.t"n ^nodo. losldeporfgs, ), Po.ootutridas'
.1
+nE
bolon.."to
sor
1;+A'J? a0
^,1
*.f"p'
,/.'.-", p,i,to,j cuto,ne lo 3*e -|5.si* hocer en
trs rd'ts l /.bres.
U, o.bro=o,
Ia losrda.
\..
bqstqnte
i...
-}eotro o o| cinl
:ape and write

,
etc. in Spain.
e doing given
I
2
3
4
5
6
1
8
Write down the three things that Lola likes to do when the weather is ine.
$hat is the weather iike in Madrid in winter?
\i7here does Lola go when the weather is cold?
What does she do if she staYs at home?
!hat type of reading does she particularly like?
What leisure activity does she not like at al1?
whv?
!hat does
she want you to write to her about?
Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)
next page
1n
Qule gusta hocer?

Follow the lines and find out what each Derson likes to eat or do. Example:
A Maria le gusta tomar el sol.
lLE GUSTA? l5s
uona
t<osa
Don Juan
@P.
Plar
Carolina
Mara
Mateo
Paco
Mensaje secreto
Start with the letter set in bold and, moving from letter to letter in any direction. find rhe message.
A
ET
ELN
SMA
PEC
AEN
ol
Dialogut
Dialogue
In Madrid tht
Juan: aQu
Mara. 4Por
Juan: aQu
Mara: No s
Juan; Ah er
Mara: ;En
Juan: No lo
Maria. Ah,
elirninar
Rosselini
Juan; lUna
Mara: Un
espao1a.
Juan:
Estup
Maria: La
s,
once. lQr
Juan:
Son
cine en d
Dialogue 2
The couple
Juan:
Quier
Juan:
De la
Taquillera:
156 MASTERING.SPINIS.r1
Doa Rosa
zPor qu no vamos a| cine?
pgn Jus6
Pfanning social activities
fs;6lin6
Mara
Mateo
P666
Dialoques
M
in any direc-
Diatogue
In Madrid the Lpezes are planning their evening's activities.
Juan: 4Qu quieres hacer esta tarde?

Mara: ;Por qu no vamos al cine?
Juan: ;Qu ponen?
Mara: No
s. iDnde est el peridico?
Juan: Ah est,
en la mesa'
Marta: 4En qu pgina est la gua de espectculos?

Juan' No 1o s seguro. En la pgina diez u once.
Mara: Ah, s. Aqu est. Vamos a ver) pues. En ei cine Rialto ponen
Ctno
elirttinar a su jefe, en el cine Infantas ponen Rotna, citt aperta de Roberto
Rosselini...
Juan: ;Una pelcula italiana! Ya sabes que no me gustan ias pelculas italianas.
Mara: IJn momento' En el cine Palace ponen Bodas de sangre) una pelcula
espaola.
Juan:
Estupendo. Vamos al cine Palace. iA qu hora empieza?

Maria. La sesin de la tarde empieza a las siete, y la sesin de la noche a las
once. .Qu hora es ahora?
Juan: Son las seis 1, media, pero no importa. Cogemos un taxi y llegamos al
cine en diez minutos. iVamosl
nnusrn z
The couple arrive at the cinema and go up to the ticket office
la taquilla
Juan:
Quiero dos butacas Por favor.

Taqui||era; iPara la sesin de la tarde o de la noche?
Juan: De 1a tarde. por favor.
;POR OUE NO VAMOS AL
CINE?
1s7
1 r:1ll
lttlirrliil
.iir*l
.11]'l !,
jl|'i!.::iIl1t
&w
En el cine
%mweWffiffiffiffi
Taquillera: l
Juan: Aqu
Taquillera: t
Juan: Graci
Taquillera: /
s
B
$&rru
\mwffiffiWW
kffie m*
&&& &
&&&\Jw
,,,.-'.iu,i,i,-l
n***'o-u"
.l
P,
("'t'"
lf
Diatogue 3
After leaving
,-\rPn in o
)uan. lVolv
Mara: 4Pclr
Juan:
iQ.'
Maria: Porq
Juan: Muy
calle de
1r
Mara: E'sto.
f,;
*,,i" " .
X J{x1
tvocabul
"Jl',1
J,)',,
l:"'
:'
i;l l:-i : ]i}::,i{:;1t
-',
'
".
;i:'"
,**,.,,",'1.1,)jl;,:i:iiii;iiili:.':'"::.liiii:-tj.,t,,,,iji':ii'r
]]
],.
l.]ji'; J;i;'T;;'
: ll# :'":'', .:;l,;. ",:u'.,
*','' 1 :o.
|.*ryiei.r]]''::::::.-,"-.i*.''''{!thiillll'].'..'
rtld#
kxil{*
*x,*,"
"i*il.H ;![';','i"u*'u'
**J,ffi * *''uia:
:l
;** .**y**9
Taqui||era' Aqu tiene usred. Dos butacas en la fila vcinic.
Juan:
1Cunto valen?
I58 MASTERING SPIAIISH
zpor que
eI peridico
|a pgina
la guia
e| espectcuI
seguro/a/os/
U
eliminar
"i''W
ry
3,
f
fr
En el cine Palace ponen Bodas de sangre
Taquillera: Mil doscientas pesetas.

Juan. Aqu tiene. ;A qu hora termina la sesin?
Taqui|era: A las diez y cuarto. setrr.
Juan:
Gracias.
Iaqui||era: A usted. s()r.
Dialogue 3
After leaving the cinema thc Lpezes decide what tcl do for the rest of the
evening.
Juan:
lVolvemos a casa a pie o cogemos un taxl/

Mara: ;Por qu no tomamos un aperitivo en aquel bar? Vamos; te invitcl.
Juan: 1Qu amable! ;Por qu me invitas?
Mara: Porque eres muy guapo y te quiero mucho.
Juan. Muy bien. Y despus vamos a cenar en aque] restaurante gallego de ia
calle de la Montera. lDe acuerdo?
Mara: E,stoy perfectamente de acuerdo, pero primero, el aperitivo ...
Vocabulary
.por qU
e| peridico
|a p9ina
la guta
e| espectcuIo
seguro/a/os/as
eliminar
why?
newspaper
page
guide
entertalnment
sure, certain
or (before a following 'o-' or 'ho-')
to eliminate
1POR QUE
NO VAMOS AL CINE? lse
t=-
elJefe
italiano/a/os/as
la boda
ra san9re
|a sesin
importar
no rmporta
el taxi
la butaca
la fila
el pie
a pre
el aperitivo
invitar
iqu + adjective!
;qu amab|e!
gallego/a/os/as
guapo/a/os/as
2de acuerdoT
estar de acuerdo
perfectamente
boss
Italian
wedding
blood
session, performance
to matter
it doesn't matter
taxi
stall (seat in cinema or theatre)
row (in cinema or theatre)
foot
on foot, walking
aperitif
to invite
how * adjective!
how nice!
Galician, from Galicia
pretty, handsome
OK?, do you agree?
to agree, be in agreement
perfectly
(a) Entertainrtents
The .gua de espectcu|o5' (entertainments guide) in the local paper will tell
you what is on in the town. The guide will normally be divided into various sections: 'cines' for cinemas, 'teatros' for theatres, 'discotecas' for discotheques,
'salas de fiestas' for dance-halls and 'clubs nocturnos' for nightclubs. Cinemas
will either be .sesin continua', which means they have continuous showings,
or indicate in their advertisement the times for the two sessions, the evening
session - de la tarde - and the late-night session de la noche. In cinemas and
theatres it is normal to tip the usher or usherette who shows you to your seat.
l
(b)
2Por qu
2Por qu
aPeril
(d) Askin
You simply
2ou p
2ou p
2Oue p
(e) Sayin,
You use
the
the pronour
2Cmo
No lo sr
Notice how
'se'.
Explanations
tr\
(c) Makir
(f) Sayinl
The verb 'in
El bancr
No lmP,
(g) Expre
If the meanr
'en':
Voy en
Asking 'zrhy' and explaining 'becsuse'
You use two words which are remarkably similar in appearance' the difference
being in the spelling and accentuation:
;Por qu? Porque
2Por qu fuma usted7
Porque me gusta.
I60 MASTERING.SPINIS17
lVhy? Because
Why do you smoke?
Because I like it.
Vamos,
Van en
Vaena
If the meanr
Voyap
Vamos
(c) Making a suggestionfor an actirsity

$hy don't we go to the cinema?
$7hy don't we have an aPeritif')
2Por qu no Vamos a| cine7

2Por qu no tomamos Un
aoeritivo?
(d) AshinS zphat is on st the cinetnq or theatre

atre)
You simply use the phrase:

2ou ponen?
2ou ponen en
2ou ponen en
e|
e|
cine Luna?
teatro Martn?
what's on?
What's on at the Luna Cinema?
$7hat's on at the Martin
Theatre?
(e) Saying you do not knous - grattlmar ref 7(ii)
.s', and
You use the verb 'saber', which has an irregular first person singular
the pronoun 'lo':
\7hat's his name?
I don't know.
2Cmo se ||ama7
No |o s.
.s' has
Notice how the verb
stress mark to distinguish it from the pronoun
'se'.
aper will tell

various secliscotheques,
r
Cinemas
us showings,
the evening
Lbs.
cinemas and
I
yOUr Seat.
(f) Saying
thq.t
sontething is not irnportant - grann??Lar ref 14
The verb 'importar' is used in the third person singular:
cerrado.
importa.
E| Eranco est
No
(g) Expressing zpays
of
The bank is shut.

It doesn't matter'
getting about
If the means of transport is mechanical, it is often preceded by the preposition
'en':
he difference
Voy en cocne.
Vamos en autobs.
Van en tren.
Va en avin.
I'm going bY car.

!e're going by bus.
They're going bY train.
He's going bY air.
If the means of transport is non-mechanical, the preposition 'a' is found:
Voy a pie.
Vamos a caballo.
I'm going on foot.
\7e're going by horse.
tPoR QU No VAMos
ALCINE?
161
(l) Saying
(h) Expressing exclsntatory opinions
You use .iou' + adjective!' and an exclamation mark opens and closes
the
'No importa'
used in the
utterance:
;Ou caro!
iou bonito!
1Ou amab|e es Usted!
How dear!
How nice!
How kind you are!
No me ir
No me ir
No me ir
ile impc
(i) Expressing agreentent
(ru) Thef<
The short expression to indicate that you agree is 'de acuerdo':

Vamos al ctne.
De acuerdo.
Juan es muy guapo, 1verdad?

No estoy de acuerdo.
Mara es muy guapa.
4Est usted de acuerdo7
Most adverbr
Let's go to the cinema.
oK.
To express more fully your agreement, you use 'estar de acuerdo
sa
rpidototal
'
John's very handsome, isn't he?
Usted trz
Mary's very pretty.

Do you agree?
Commot
F(tn\/ tnt
I don't agree.
Deprisa
Vamos d
Despacic
Hable
(j) Further uses of the z:erb 'poner' - grarrtrnar ref 7 (ii)

The first person singular of 'poner' is irregular, and is 'pongo' I put:
Pongo la cartera en la mesa.
Juan pone la radio en la mesa.
Bien
Usted h;
I out the brief-case on the table.
Mal
John puts the radio on the table.
Juego m
As a reflexive verb 'ponerse' can have three meanrngs:
Me pongo
chaqueta cuando hace fro.

I put on my jacket when it's cold.
Me pongo rojo cuando hace mucho sol.
I become red when it's very sunny.
Me pongo a traba..lar a las nueve.
I begin to work at 9 o'clock.
|a
(k) Finding out precise details
.ien qu' + noun * verb?

To establish the precise location of something, use
1En qu pgina est?
2En qu habitacin est7
2En qu ca|le vive Usted?
162 MASTERING sPlN/s1
\X/hich page is it on?

\X/hich room is he in?
Which street do you live in?
de
Exercise
O
a)
\
The key to
t4
Exercise
Play the par

cinema, then
Juan'' aQu
Usted: (Ast
Juan: tQu
Usted: (So:
(l) Saying thqt sornething does not ntstter - gra?wnar ref

I closes the
14
'No importa' conveys the gencral idea of it doesn't matter" but the verb can be
used in the same way as 'gustar', 'aburrlr', 'interesar', etc.' as seen in Chapter 11:
No me imDorta.
No me importa el precio.
No me importan los gastos.
ZLe importa el retrasoT
(rn)
The
forntqtion of adaerbs
It doesn't matter to me.
The price doesn't matter to me.

The expenses do not matter to me.
Does the delay matter to you?
_ grat?l?vlar ref 6
Most adverbs are formed by adding '-mente' to the feminine form:
rpido_ rpida
total - total
mente = rpidamente
+ mente = totalmente
+
Usted traba.1 a muy rpidamente. You work very quickly.

I am totally in agreement.
Estoy totalmente de acuerdo.
L't he?
Common irresular adverbs are as follows:

Deprisa
Quickly
Let's go quickly.
Despacio
Hable despacio, por favor.
Slowly
Speak slowly, please.
Bien
ut:
Vamos deprisa.
table.
table.
Well
Usted hab|a bien e| espao|.
You speak Spanish well.
Mal
Badly
Juego muy mal al golf
I play golf very badly.
Exercises
a
n + verb?
n?
O
\
The key to these exercises begins on p. 319
L4_l
Exercise
Planning an outing
Play the part of Mara in the following dialogue; express a wish to go to the
cinema, then find the newspaper and the entertainments guide.
Juan: ;Qu quieres hacer esta tarde?

Usted; (Ask uhy you don't go to the cinema.)
Juan: ;Qu ponen?
Usted: (Say you don't know. Ask where the newspaper
is.)
1POR QUE NO VAMOS
AL CINE?
163
Juan: Ah est, en la mesa.

Usted: (Ask on which page is the Entertainments Guide.)
Juan; No 1o s Seguro. E.n la pgina diez u once.
Usted: (Say ah, yes, here it is.)
:\ )
Exercise
Making suggestions
Suggest you visit various places.
Example: 2Por qu no Vamos a |a costa?
Usted: (Ask
Taquillera: I
Now repeat tl
(\) Exercise
Play the part,

a drink in a nr
Usted: (Ask
Juan: iQu
Usted: (Say
Juan: Muy
Exercise 5
and that y
Example: 2Po
gusta ms la
Exercise
obtaining tickets o seats
Play the part of Juan in the following dialogue; obtain two seats in the stalls for
the evening performance.
Taqui|lera: Buenas tardes. iQu desea?
Usted:
(Say good eaening. Ask for two seats.)

Taqui||era: ;Para la sesin de la tarde o de la noche?
Usted: (Say the etening performance"please.)
Taqui|lera' Aqu tiene usted. Dos butacas en la fila veinte.
164 MASTERING sPlN1s1
2Por qu
2Por qu
2Por qu
2Por qu
2Por qu t
Exercise
comPaniol
Example: iSa
I
2
3
4
5
aYs
2Sabe ustr
2Sabe ustr
iSabe
ustr
ustr
2Sabe
zSabe ustr
Usted:
(Ask how muclt theg cost.)

Taquillera. Mil doscientas pesetas.
Now repeat the exercise, but obtain four seats for the late-night performance.
t,
\
Jir\
=.
ffi.:"-l
rJY
k]ffi tN\
Exercise
Inviting someone to have a drink
Play the part of Mara in the following dialogue; invite your companion to have
a drink in a nearby bar.
Usted: (Ask why 9ou don't haz;e an aperitif in that bar.)

Juan; 1Qu amable! ;Por qu me invitas?
Usted: (Say because he is very handsome and you loae him aery much.)
Juan: Muy bien.
Exercise 5 Explaining vlhy you ae not doing something

and that you prefer something else .D
\({
Example: 2Por qu no toma usted Un care soroz

gusta ms |a
u}
cerveza.
2Por qu no toma usted Una torti||a?
]Ej:
,Jl_
-\\
2Por qu no..1uega usted a| golf?
-
ilmilzrlict u
ilrrolLF
2Por qu no Va Usted a| teatro?
2Por qu no da usted un paseo?
\ lltr ir'.
il'ffiT
the stalls for
2Por qu no ViVe Usted en la
Porque me
---
-.\
.r:\=-S
ciudad7 5 -\
Exercise Saying that you do not know and that you

companion does not know either
Example: 2Sabe usted el nmero de telfono? No' no |o s.
1Y su maridoT No, no lo sabe.
1
2
3
4
5
2Sabe
1Sabe
1Sabe
2Sabe
2Sabe
usted la hora? 2Y su amiga?

usted |a direccin? iY su mu.1er?
usted cmo se l|ama7 2Y sus ht.;os7
Usted en qu ca|le vive? 1Y sus amigos7
Usted dnde est e| hote|? 2Y su
ht..1a7
1POR QUE
NO VAMOS AL CINE? 16s
Exercise
Saying how you intend to get there
tAquh
Example: 2Cmo va usted a| cine7 Voy en taxi.

4Y su mu-
1Cmo Va Usted a Sevil|a7
1Cmo va usted a |a costa7
|Cmo Van Ustedes al Centro?
4
5
2Y su
2Cmo Van Ustedes al teatro?
4
-
Do you agree or don't you?

|a
capital de Espaa. 2Est usted de acuerdo? S' estoy de
Londres es |a capital de |nglaterra' 4Est usted de acuerdo?

Veinte y treinta son sesenta. 2Est Usted de acuerdo?
Hace mucho so| en Espaa. 7'Est usted de acuerdo?
L|ueve bastante en lng|aterra' 2Est usted de acuerdo7
Madrid est en |a costa. iEst usted de acuerdo?
Exercise
Describing things in an exclamatory way
E.xample: Este seor es muy amable. 1ou amab|e es este seor|
1
2
3
4
5
hr.1c
3 iAquh
2Cmo va usted a Madrid?
Example: Madrid es
acueroo.
tJ
\
zAquh
2Y su am
Exercise
1
2
3
4
5
Esta seorita e5 muy guapa'
La fiabitacin es muy grande'

Este bolso es muy bonito.
Este vestido es muy barato.
Este coac es mUV fuerte'
Exercise t o Saying when you and you companion begin

to do things
'A ]) Me pongo a traba-1ar

E,xample: 2A qu hora se pone usted a traba1ar? (..J
\/
a las nueve. .,5,
pone
su
maridot
Se
a
trabaJar
a
las diez.
2Y
Q!)
zAquh
1Y su mu
Exercise
Example:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
l0
Piso/ofi
Pueblot
Andn/
Direcci(
Calle/pi
Ciudad,
Parte/tt
Plaza/st
Calle/ta
Pueblor
Exercise
Example:
Tt
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
l0
col
The tin
The we
The jor
The her
The
The
The
The
The
The
del
wo
col
fo6
pr<
zA qu hora se pone usted a trabajar?

2Y su mu1er7
)1,
{<-__
tA qu hora se pone usted a estudiarT

aY su hijoT
W
@
S, estoy de
ay
zA qu hora se pone usted a preparar la cenaT

2Y su amiga?
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
tA qu hora se pone usted
jugar al golf?
2Y su mujerT
Exercise I t
e) Example:
Finding out exactly where things are
Calle,/museo. 2En qu ca|le est el museo7
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
l0
Piso/oficina.
Pueblo/castillo.
Andn/tren.
Direccin/playa.
Callelpiscina.
Ciudad/camping
Parte/teatro.
Plaza/supermercado.
Calle/taller.
Pueblo/hospital.
f)
\ er"..ise 12
Expressing a lack of concern
Example: The price. No me importa el precio.
n begin
lo a trabaJar
I
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
l0
The time.
The weather.
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
journey.
heat.
cold.
delay.
work.
colour.
fog.
programme.
aPOR QUE NO VAMOS AL
CINE?
167
) Exercise t 3
Saying how you do things
Answer the following questions, giving genuine answers.

Traba.lo mucho.
Example: 2Trabala usted mucho o pocoT
Traba.;o poco.
1
2
3
4
5
2Traba.ja Usted rpidamente o |entamente7
2Com
(Reading
exe
Tiernpo liL
i-Duerme usted bien o mal?

2Hab|a usted el espaol fcilmente o difci|mente7
2luega usted al tenis blen o mal?
2Desayuna usted deprisa o despacioT
.comprende usted e| espaol hab|ado?

1Ests libre?
Listen to the tapes, write down what the speakers are being invited to do and
whether thev accept or not.
1Estars libre tt.aana por la tarde?

Listen to the tape and answer the questions in English. (You will need the word
'Cartel' EntertainmentsGuide).
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
S7hat are the speakers discussing?

What does the man suggest?
Why does this not appeal to the woman?
What is the 'splendid'film called?
How does the woman react to this?
Why does the man recommend it?
!7hen do they agtee to meet?
$here do they agree to meet? Select the street name from the three given:
(a) La Calle de Alca| (b) La Ca|le de Atocha (c) La Calle de Goya
Look at thes,
you would vir
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
lB
MASTERING SPANISH
you
you
you
you
you
wantr
fancit
wishe
wantr
wishe
you decid
you wishe
you wantr
comprende usted e| espaol escrito?

(Reading exercises)
Tiernpo libre
tARFq'ERlA
Nucstrol
5:n]
mllcot
V|vERos PRoP|os
RtsIAuRAtI
FACIL APARCAMIETTO
MEJOB PUERTO DE MAR
EL
Alcanr.r..33'36
som...QU.M . or.e.
EN LA cAP|TAL DE ESPAA
JOSE ORTEGA Y GASSET, 75
Glrt
(aotes Lista)
E,ouffi*
MADR|'6
LA LlMA
EL SAtsOR DEL PERU EN SU MESA

san LPon4|do' 3 (De||as Edii.io EsDad'J
ref.: 242 A8 89 Madrid I
:d to do and
Gasa Dcpe
Fundada en 1926
paseo de La Habana,
eed the word
33
2S9 66 36
lor3.4s7 so 32
coc|NA CATA|NA
uErscr, il.rElE.4{BB07
TELET. 2S0 or
f7
Msica de Vivaldi
Carne
Pan de
Tarta de Chicls
Cocotte: Carne horneada al laurel

Napo|en: Pescado a| vino y roqueort
Croquetas de Manzana
Conde de Aranda, |
Tel. 276 06
4l
QIIA!EIOCENEO
coc|rA nEG|otAL rTAlAilA
CEXIiAL lltt
lXA.
tl (r+ r
T.l 2!!anO
Av.
dJ y.atd
',l
COCINA CASTELLANA
- Especaldad''
COBDERO Y COCHINILLO ASADO

A LA USANZA SEGOVIANA
F-.f; 8re-*1,:${.#'.'ffJ
three gtven:
de Goya
JoaquIn Marie Lpgz' 30
(entre Blasco de Gatay v Gu2mn e| Buno}

Telorcs 243 1a 25 v 243 30 43
Look at these advertisements for restaurants in Soain and decide which one
you would visit if:
I you wanted to try Catalan cooking?
2 you fancied an Italian meal?
3 you wished to eat seafood but needed to park your car easily?
4 you wanted to try French cooking?
5 you wished to eat home cooking?
6 you decided to try Peruvian cuisine?
7 you wished to eat food typical of Madrid?
8 you wanted to eat roast lamb in the Segovian style?
1POR QUE NO VAMOS
ALCINE?
169
Rompecabezas
@r'
(Puzzles)
eQu significa?
Match up the sentence with the meaning beiow, writing down the number of
ob
stri
the sentence and the letter of the meaning.
l aou quieres hacer maana7

2 tA qu hora empieza?
3 2Por qu no Cogemos un taxi7
4 No |o s seguro.
5 No importa.
6 1Por qu no Vamos a |a p|aya?
7 Estoy de acuerdo.
8 1ou amab|e!
9 Te quiero mucho.
t0 2,A qu hora termina7
(a) \7hy don't we go to the beach?
(b) It doesn't matter.
(c) At what time does it end?
(d) How nicel
(e) At what time does it start?
(0 \What do you want to do tomorrow?
(g) I love you a lot.
(h) Why don't we take a taxi?
(i) I don't know for sure.
0) I agree.
Correos d
Diatosue
In Toledo
.N;
England and
Joan;
Buen
Vendedor:
Joan:
I7O MASTERING SPINISH
;Cu,
2Cunto vale?
Obtaining goods and services in a
number of
strange town
Correos de Madnd
Dialogues
Diatosue I
In Toledo Mr and Mrs Robinson wish to buy postcards for their friends
England and go to the newspaper kiosk - el quiosco.
Joan: Buenos das. ;Tiene usted tarjetas postales de Toledo?
Vendedor; S, ah estn, seora, al lado de las revistas.
Joan: ;Cunto valen?
;CUANT) VALE?
in
171
Vendedor: Las grandes valen cuarenta y cinco
pesetas' seora.
Joan: Estas seis, por favor. -fengo cuatro grandes y dos pequeas.
Vendedor: Son doscientas cuarenta pestas. seora.
Joan: Aqu tiene usted trescientas pesetas.
Vendedor: Sesenta pesetas de vuelta.
Joan: iTiene usted peridicos ingleses?
Vendedor: No, seora. La prensa extranjera llega a las cuatro de la

Slo tengo e\ Tintes, pero
Joan: No,
Robert: Gt
Dialogue 3
The Robinsc
hreq
tarde.
eS de ayer.
gracias. lTiene sellos para las tarjetas?

Vendedor: No, seora. Los sellos Se compran en Correos.
Joan: 2En qu calle est Correos?
Vendedor: Est en esta misma calle. Siga usted todo derecho unos doscientos
metros y Correos est a la dcrecha.
)oan:
Dependiente
pesetas y las pequeas treinta
Gracias' Adis.
hrrtte
butcher's
lz
Vendedor;
Png
Vendedor:
Joan.
Joan:
Jam
Vendedor.
Joan. S, ul
Vendedor:
Vendedor: Adis'seora.
Joan: ;Tier
Dialogue 2
The Robinsons go into the Post Office la Oficina de Correos - and
Mr Robinson approaches the counter.
Robert: Buenos das. iCunto vale mandar una tarjeta postal a Inglaterra?
Joan: ;Tier
Vendedor:
Dependienta: Vale cuarenta v cinco pesetas.

Robert: 4Y una carta?
Dependienta: Una carta vale 1o mismo, cuarenta y cinco pesetas.
Robert; Bueno. Dme seis sellos de cuarenta y cinco pesetas.
Dependienta: Aqu tiene usted. Son doscientas setenta pcsetas.
Robert: Gracias' 4Dnde est el buzn, por favor?
Vendedor:
Joan: No,
Vendedor:
mantequ
Joan: Aqu
Vendedor:
[Yere!!!
el quiosco
la tarJeta pos
la revista
el duro
ra prensa
extranjero/at
ayer
comprar
Correos
mismo/a/os/
mandar
aar
deme
e| buzn
e| rincn
un cuarto de
e|
.1amn sert
e| .'1amn
de
aeso es todo
|7
2'vlsTER1NG SPIATSH
Dependienta: Ah est, seor, en el rincn.

Robert: Gracias.
ueaS treinta
l.
R
de la tarde.
Diatogue 3
The Robinsons wish to have a picnic lunch and decide to buy ham, cheese,
bread, butter and wine. Thcy find an indoor market and go to the pork
butcher's la charcuteria.
Vendedor: Buenos das, seora. cQu desea?
Joan:
os doscientos
Pngame un cuarto de ki1o de jamn.

Vendedor: {amn serrano o jamn de York?
Joan: Jamn de York.
Vendedor: Aqu tiene'
Joan:
1A1go ms?
S, un cuarto de kilo de ese queso manchego.

Vendedor: Muy bien. ;Eso es todo?
Joan: lTiene
mantequilla?
Vendedor: S, seora. ;Cunta quiere?
Joan: lTiene
rreos
rglaterra?
and
un paquete de cien gramos?

Vendedor: S, seora. ;A1go ms?
Joan: No, gracias. ;Cunto es todo?
Vendedor: E'l jamn, trescientas pesetas' el queso, cuatrocientas pesetas
mantequilla, cien pesetas. Son ochocientas pesetas en tota1.
Joan: Aqu tiene usted. Adis.
Vendedor; Adis' seora, y muchas gracias.
1'
la
Vocabulary
el quiosco
la taryeta postal
la revista
el duro
la prensa
extranlero,/a /os/as
ayer
comprar
Correos
mismo/a/os/as
mandar
dar
oeme
un cuarto de kilo
e| .1amn serrano
e|.1amn de York
pcn
p<
press
foreign
yesterday
to buy
Post Office
same
to send (ofthings), order

to give
give me
post-box
e| buzn
e| rincn
newspaper kiosk
postcard
magazlne
five-peseta coin
tnrn7
corner
a quarter of a kilo
smoked, cured ham
York ham
is that all?
1CUANTO
VALE?
173
-tla mantequilla
| n'a|
butter
packet
gram
|tA
e gramo
(c) Saying
'Extranjero'is
La prensa
cuatro.
Soy extrar
Explanations
(a) Quantities in shops
(d) Findins
Spain uses the metric system of measurement and therefore quantities in shops
and elsewhere are expressed in 'kilos' for weight and 'litros' for liquid measure:
The verb 'cot
Pngame un ki|o de
manzanas.
Ouiero medio kilo de merluza.

Deme un cuarto de kilo de
queso.
Give me a kilo of apples (about

2.21b).
I want half a kilo of hake (about
1. I rb).
Give me a quarter of a kilo of
cheese.
I want 100 grams of butter.
Ouiero cien gramos de

mantequilla.
Pngame veinte Iitros de
gasolina.
Give me 20 litres of petrol

(4.4 gallons).
Other quantities found are as follows:

2Tiene un paquete de t7
Ouiero una lata de guisantes.
crema.
cerillas?
barra de pan.
Deme un tubo de
2Tiene una caJa de
Deme una
nouns:
2Dnde
sl
$7hert
For plural not

2Dnde
sr
\7herr
(e) Finding
The basic
phr
used to find o
Have you a packet of tea?
I want a tin of peas.
Give me a tube of cream.
Have you a box of matches
Give me a loaf of bread.
2Cunto
How
1Cunto t
How
(fl Basic
ot
Four basic or
as follows:
(b) Referring briefly to things
Deme
Deme un
It is possible to refer briefly to things by simply leaving out the noun:
Full uersion
2La casa grande o
Bief
aersion
1La grande o |a
|a casa
pequea?
Pnoame
Pngame
The big one or the small one?
Naturally, the definite article and the adjective continue to agree with the noun
left out:
2ou libro quiere' e| azu'| o el verde7

Which book do you want, the blue one or the green one?
2ou zapatos son de usted, los negros o los marrones?
Which shoes are vours. the black ones or the brown ones?
174 MASTERING sPlN1s1
Trigame
Trigame
pequea7 The big house or the small house?
This form is
me'
- that is,
such as petrol
Pngame
(c) Saying that you areforeigt or a stranger

'Extranjero' is used to describe things or people from another country:
La prensa extranJera llega a
cuatro.
Soy extran.Jero (extranJera ).
las
The foreign press arrives at

4 o'clock.
['m a foreigner.
(d) Finding out ushere you buy things - grarrl?nar ref

ities in shops
rid measure:
(about
(about
ilo of
-er.
ol
(iii)
The verb 'comprar' (to buy) is used in the form 'se compra' with singular
nouns:
2Dnde se compra e| pan7
Where is bread bought? (Where does one buy bread?)
For plural nouns the form becomes 'se compran':

2Dnde se Compran los sel|os7
Where are Stamps bought? (\here does one buy stamps?)
(e) FindinS out hous rnuch it costs to do sornething

.1Cunto Va|e7', and this form is
The basic phrase for establishing a price is
used to find out the cost of doing something:
Zcunto Va|e mandar una carta a Inglaterra?
How much does it cost to send a letter to England?
2Cunto Va|e entrar7
How much does it cost to so in?
(f) Basic orders for shopping - grstntnar ref
11
Four basic orders are used in shopping and ordering food and drink. They are
as follows:
Giae me
ln:
Deme
Deme Un paquete de azcar.
Give me a packet of sugar.
all house?
Trigame
Trigame Un t Con |imon.
Bring me
Bring me a tea with lemon.
Pngame
Giae me
Give me a kilo of grapes.
one?
vith the noun
Pngame un kilo de uvas.
This form is used of things which have to be measured and means literally 'put
me' that is, 'put on to the scales and weigh for me'. It is also used for liquids
such as petrol:
Pngame veinte Iitros
Give me 20 litres. (Put 20 litres into

the tank.)
pUNT) VALE?
175
-r'-_
And for ordering drinks in a bar:
Give me three beers. (Put them on to
Pngame tres Cervezas'
the bar.)
Dgame
Dgame, 2cunto es todo?
Dgame, 2a qu hora sa|e e| tren?
Tell me
Tell me, how much is it all?
Tell me, what time does the train
leave?
(g) Finding out exactly u;here things are
2En qu
Whic
'tSte
,+
reiers
addressed, ar
addressed - 't
with nouns b.
(j) Ashing.
1Cunto
The form to use is .4En qu' + noun * verb?:
2En qu ca||e est Correos7

2En qu casa vive?
How
In which Street iS the Post office?

In which house does he live?
4Cunto
How
2Cunto
How
(h) Otherfortns in ushich the noun is ornitted
(i)
El libro de Juan es interesante.

El de Juan es interesante.
Mi mu-1er y la mu.ier de Pablo.

Mi mujer y la de Pablo.
(ii)
John's book is interesting.

John's is interesting.
My wife and Paul's wife.
My wife and Paul's.
Los peridicos ingleses y |os

peridicos espaoIes.
Los peridicos ingleses y los
espaoles.
The English papers and the Spanish
Las chicas de Madrid y las

chicas de Sevilla.
Las chicas de Madrid y las
de Sevilla.
The girls from Madrid and the girls

from Seville.
The girls from Madrid and those
from Seville.
E|
EI
chico que est ah.

que est ah.
lTiene m,
Do yr
iTiene se
Do y,
The English papers and the Spanish

ones.
Exercise
o
The key to
The boy who is there.

The one who is there.
a||.
Las chicas que me gustan

Las que me gustan.
(\, Exercise
The men that I see over there.

Those that I see over there.
Play the part

has postcards,
The giris that I like.

Those that I like.
Usted: (Saf
Vendedor: I
Usted: (Ask
Vendedor: I
(i) Indicating zahich one you are referring to - gra?rr?rrctr ref 2(r:)
You can refer to things without using the noun:
2Ou bo|so quiere usted, ste o se? Ese por favor.
\7hich handbag do you want, this one or that one? That one, please.
The interroga
papers.
La tienda que est en |a plaza. The shop that's in the Square.

The one that's in the square.
La que est en |a p|aza.
Los hombres que veo
Los oue veo a||'
(k) Expres
pesetas)
Usted:
s(
(Say
2En qu casa vive' en sta o en aqu||a7

t them on to
all?
the train
Which house does he live in. this one or that one over there?
.ste'refers to things near the speaker, .se' to things near the person
.aqu|' to things distant from both the speaker and the person
addressed, and
addressed 'that over there'. These forms are distinguished from the ones used
with nouns by having a stress mark on them,
(j) Ashing for other seroices in s Post Office

2Cunto Va|e mandar un te|egrama a Londres?
How much is it to send a telegram to London?
;t Office?
Zcunto vale |lamar por te|fono a Paris?

How much is it to telephone Paris?
ive?
2Cunto va|e poner un t|ex a Nueva York?

How much is it to telex New York?
(h) Expressing hoas rnuch you require

The interrogative ..Cunto7' agrees with the noun:
2Tiene merluza? S' 2Cunta quiere?
Do you have hake? Yes. How much do you want?
2Tiene se|los? S. 2Cuntos quiere?
Do you have stamps? Yes. How many do you want?
the Spanish
the Spanish
nd the girls
nd those
luare.
tare.
there.
)re.
ar ref 2(a)
Exercises
a
t\-) Exercise I Obtaining postcards
Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; find out if the shop
has postcards, establish the price and select six, four large and two small ones.
Usted: (Say goocl monting. Ask the sttlesntan d he has posrcards of 7-oletlo.)
Vendedor: S, ah estn' seora, al lado de las revistas.
Usted: (Ask hou much the.y cost.)
Vendedor: Las grandes valen cuarenta y cinco pesetas y las pequeas trelnta
peSetas' seora.
Usted:
(Sa1t these six please. Say you haae four large ones and tuo small ones.)
'ne) piease.
1CUANTO
VALE?
177
-=-
(-)
\
Exercise
2 Asking
about newsPaPers and stamPs
Play the part of Joan Robinson; ask about English papers and stamps.
Usted: (Ask the salesman if he has English newspapers.)

Vendedor; No, seora. La prensa extranjera llega a las cuatro de la
Slo tengo e| Times, pero eS de ayer.
Usted: (Sajt no thank gou. Ask if he has stamps for
Vendedor: No,
Exercise
4
tarde.
the postcards.)
seora. Los sellos Se compran en Correos.
3 Asking
(\) Exercise
I A tin of per
2 A box ofm
3 A loaf of br
4 Six 3O-pest
5 The Times.
Play the part of Robert Robinson; ind out the cost of sending postcards and
ietters to England and ask for six 45-peseta stamps.
Usted:
cheese.)
(Ask if he has butter.)

Usted: (Ask if he has a packet of 100 grams.)
Exercise 5 Asking about reading matte

Find out if the salesman has the following reading matter.
Example: English newspapers. 2Tiene usted peridicos ingIeses?
I
2
3
4
5
t\-,
Ask where the

Example: Brea
1 Milk.
2 Sugar.
3 Stamps.
4 English nei
5 Postcards.
Play the part of Joan Robinson; buy a quarter of a kilo of York ham, a similar
amount of Manchego cheese and 100 grams of butter.
usted:
( ) Exercise I
\
Exercise 4 Buying food for a Picnic

Vendedor: Buenos das, seora. aQu desea?
Usted: (Ask for a quarter o;f a kilo of ham.)
Vendedor: jamn Serrano o jamn de York?
Usted: (Say York harn.)
Vendedor: Aqu tiene. 1Algo ms?
Usted: (Say yes. A quarter of a kilo o;f that Manchegan
Vendedor: Muy bien. lEso es todo?
English novels.
Spanish magazines.
French newspapers.
English books.
Italian newspapers.
Exercise
Buying things
Use .pngame' to buy the following.

E'xample: Quarter of a kilo of ham. Pngame Un Cuarto de ki|o de1amn.
I7B MASTERING SPINIS-I
Use 'deme'to
Example: Five
Pices and obtaining stamPs
(Say good moruing. Ask how much it costs to send a postcard to England.)
Dependienta: Vale cuarenta y cinco pesetas.
Usted: (Ask how much for a letter.)
Dependienta: Una carta vale lo mismo, cuarenta y cinco pesetas.
Usted: (Say good. Askfor six 45-peseta stamps.)
Two kilos,
Half a kilo
One kilo ol
Quarter of
30 litres of
al
\
Exercise 9
Select accordir
Example: 2Ou'
favor.
l
2
3
a
5
2ou peri
2au vino
2au cigar
.
-^^^
^'.: LdlJd
L\-2UC
2ou habil
(\, Exercise
f0
Example: Go
ir
1 Send a lettr
2 Send a post
3 Park.
4 Play tennis.
5 Gointhen
I
2
3
4
5
rps.
rdela
tarde.
\-
Two kilos of apples.

Half a kilo of cheese.
One kilo of peaches.
Quarter of a kilo of butter.
30 litres of petrol.
Exercise
Buying things
Use 'deme' to buy the following.
Example: Five 45-peseta stamps. Deme cinco sellos de cuarenta y cinco pesetas.
I A tin of peas.
2 A box of matches.
3 A loafofbread.
4 Six 30-peseta stamps.
5 The Times.
rostcards and
to England.)
e
Lam, a similar
Exercise 8 Finding out whee to buy things

Asklvhere the following things may be bought.
Example: Bread. 2Dnde Se compra e| pan7
i Miik.
2 Sugar.
3 Stamps.
4 English newspapers.
5 Postcards.
(.1
\ Exercise 9 Selecting something
Select according to the cue in brackets.
Example: 2Ou uvas quiere' las verdes o las negras7 (Black) Las negras, por
favor.
1
2
3
4
5
2Ou peridico quiere, e| espao| o el ing|s7 (English)

1au vino quiere. el tinto o el b|anco7 (Red)
2au cigarrl||os quiere. |os ingleses o los espao|es? (Spanish)
2Ou Zapatos quiere' |os negros o los marrones? (Black)
2Ou habitacin quiere. |a grande o |a pequea? (Small)
t\-l Exercise
O Finding out how
much it costs to do something
Example: Go in. 2Cunto vale entrar?
1
2
3
4
5
Send a letter to Engiand.

Send a postcard to the United States.
Park.
Play tennis.
Go in the museum.
lJamon.
1CUANTO
VALE?
179
-.-Lista de
Exercise
t Pointing
Example: 2Cmo es
1
2
3
4
e|
out what something is like
coche de Juan7 (Big)
E| de
Juan es grande.
2 Pointing
1/2 kilo
1/4 kilo
l/2 kilo
Total
<
out which one you want
E,xample: 2ou co||ar quiere, ste o se? (That one) se'por favor
Lista de
2Cmo es |a mu.1er de Pab|o? (Pretty)

1Cmo son |os hijos de Juan? (Ta11)
zDe qu co|or es e| bolso de Marta7 (Green)
2Cmo es la habitacin de Paco? (Small)
Exercise
1
2
3
4
5
1/2 kilo
l/2 kilo
1/4 kilo
Total
2Ou pendientes quiere, stos o aqu||os? (Those over there).

2au re|o.1 qu|ere, se o aqu|7 (That one).
2au Chaqueta quiere' sta o sa? (This one)'
2au ca|cetines qu|ere, stos o sos? 1These).
2Ou camisas quiere' sas o aqu||as? (Those over there).
ComPrende usted e| esPaol hab|ado?
[n tac"-p"
(Reading exe
eQu recet
Read the fol
Spanish cool,
below. (You
Ingredientes
En el rnercado
o Patatas
o Fluevos
a Sal
o Aceite l
. Cebolla -
(1)
Listen to the tape and write down what the customer buys and how much of
each.
1
En el puesto de charcuteria
En el puesto de fruta
En el rnercado
(2)
Listen to the tape and select the correct shopping list from the three given. You
will hear a new word .salchichn' Sausage. Don't be put off by the expression
'en lonchas'. It simply means 'in slices'.
Lista de cornpras
ham
sausage
l/2 kilo cheese
Total
1/2 kilo
1/4 kilo
lB0
Which dish is
4000
150
625
477 5
MSTERING sPlNIs1
I
2
3
Onion sou
Spanish or
Scrambled
Lista de cornpras
1/2 kilo
1/2 kilo
ham
l/4 kilo
Total
sausage
cheese
2500
500
250
2750
Lista de cornpras
112
2000
500
700
Total
3200
kilo sausage
1/4 kilo Manchego cheese
1/2 kilo York ham

(Reading exercises)
Qureceta es?
Read the following recipe for a typical Spanish dish taken from a genulne
Spanish cookbook, and then decide which one it is from the selection given
below. (You may need to use your dictionary.)
Ingredientes
y cantidades
o Patatas
kilos
o Huevos 6
o Sai
o Aceite 1 decilitro
. Cebolla
l t/a
row much of
Modo de hacerlo
1. Se pelan las patatas, se lavan y se cortan muy

finas. Se pica la cebolla muy fina tambin.
2. En una
Sartn Se pone el aceite, y cuando est

caliente se echa la cebolla. Se empieza a cocer y en
seguida se echan las patatas, a las que se aade sal
y Se tapan' movindolas de vez en cuando, hasta
que estn tiernas'
3. Se baten los huevos con un poco de sal y se

hacen dos tortillas a buena lumbre, dndoles la
vuelta en seguida para que se cuaien por un lado.
Se sirven en una fuente grande, una al lado de otra
:e given. You
he expression
shich dish is it?
I
2
3
Onion soup?
Spanish omelette?
Scrambled eggs?
1CUANTO
VALE?
lB
zEt
(Puzzles)
iQu despistada!
Fin<
Conchita has been shopping at the market and you can see what she bought in
the picture. Compare her shopping list with the shopping and make a list of the
things she forgot to buy.
ffi
Q,uuo
,. |-l,",o' 1
,periclico
; Vi,o
Glo; Corr. ;
ra ,; ?astubs) Planzanqs )Qrot; ()vas.
Dot
..)
vasos
r'?nodo;
Coro
Diatogue 1
The Robinsor
Campo de Cr
have to hire a
enquire how tr
Recepcionista.
Robert:
I82 MASTERING SPINIS1
aEs
EEn qu Puedo servi|e?

Finding out what is possibf e
bought in
: a list of the
re
'Wi.a::r:r::rr.
$ff*o$Kffi' *q#trtrr6lm".
*"".*
4
Dialogues
Dialogue 1
The Robinsons decide to leave Toledo and visit the famous windmills at
Campo de Criptana, about 70 kilometrcs to the south-west. To do this they
have to hire a car, and Mr Robinson gocs to the reception desk in the hotel to
enquire how to do this.
Recepcionista: Buenos das, scor Robinson. ;En qu puedo serivirle?

Robert: iEs posible alquilar un coche en Toledo?
;EN OUE PUEDO SERVIRLE? i83
----
Dialosue 3
The Robinso
car. Mrs Rob
Guardia: Br
-Joan; ;Se pr
Guardia: S
bien aqu
Joan: Graci
Guardia:
N,
andando.
Joan. Graci
Guardia.
D,
Diatogue 4
On the way b
Empleado.
Robert: Pr
Fmnlparln'
Los molinos de Campo de Criptana
Recepcionista:
S' seor. Puede usted alquilar un coche en la
Nacional, en la calle de Alfonso XII.
Robert: iEst
Robert: Sr
Agencia
lejos?
Recepcionista: No, seor' E.st muil cerca; a unos quinientos metros del hotel.
Robert: Gracias.
A nr
Fmnlp;rln'
mente
a'
Empleado:
The Robinsons make their
r,vay
to the car-hire agencv.
Robert: Buenos das. Aqu puedo alquilar un coche, 2verdad?

Empleado; Eso es. ;Para cuntos das?
Robert: Slo para hoy' Quicro visitar 1os molinos de Campo de Criptana.
Empleado: Mu1, bien, scor. iPara cuntas personas?
Robert: Para dos; mi mujer -v yo. 1Tiene un coche econmico?
Empleado: S, scor. E'l Renault 5 es muy bueno y muy econmico. S1o vale
cuatro mil seiscicntas pesetas por da, ms treinta 1, cinco pcsetas por
ki1metro.
Robert; Muy bien. Un Renault 5' por favor. 4Puedo conducir en Espaa con
un carnet de conducir ingls?
Emp|eado: Creo que s. iTiene tambin el carnet de conducir internaciona1?

Robert: S'
Emp|eado: Entonces puede usted conducir en Espaa, seor. ;Quiere sen_
tarse? Su coche va a estar listo dentro de diez minutos.
Robert: Gracias.
84 lvlsr'RING
nFrarf.
Robert: Grz
Dialogue 2
Empleado:
Robert: No.
Empleado:
SPl'\r1SH
tVocabul,
posible
alquilar
el metro
visitar
el molino
eConmiCo/e
conducir
el carnet de
internacional
listo/a/os/as
dentro de
prohif:ido/a/
preocuparse
Diatogue 3
The Robinsons arrive in Campo de Criptana and look for a place to park the
car. Mrs Robinson approaches a policeman.
Guardia: Buenas tardes, seora. 4En
Joan:
qu puedo ayudar1a?
lSe puede aparcar el coche en esta calle?
Guardia: S, seora. Est prohibido aparcar en la p\aza, pero ei coche

bien aqu. No se preocupe.
Joan:
Gracias. ;Es posible ir en el coche hasta
Guardia: No' seora. Lo mejor

andando. No est muv leios.
Joan: Gracias.
Guardia' De nada,
n la Agencia
tros del hotel.
1os
est
molinos?
que puede hacer es dejar el coche aqu y subir
seora'
Diatosue 4
On the way back to Toledo, the Robinsons stop for petrol.
Emp|eado; Buenas tardes. 4Qu le pongo?

Robert: Pngame veinte litros, por favor.
Emp|eado: 4Sper, sin p1omo o corriente?
Robert; Sper.
Emp|eado: Ya est. 1A1go ms?
Robert: No, gracias. iCunto es?
Empleado: Dos mil pesetas.
Robert: Aqu tiene. 4Qu hago para volver a Toledo?
Emp|eado: Coja usted la carretera nmero cuatroclentos uno. Va directamente a Toledo.
Robert: Gracias.Adis.
Emp|eado: Adis' y buen
3riptana.
Lico. Slo vaie
) pesetas por
Vocabulary
possible
to hire, rent
metre
posible
alquilar
el metro
visitar
el molino
to visit
ternacional?
econmico/a/os/as
conducir
el carnet de conducir
lQuiere sen-
dentro de
n Espaa con
viaje.
internaciona
listo/a/os/as
l,/es
prohibido/a /os/as
preocuparse
windmill
economical
to drive
driving licence
international
ready
within
prohibited, forbidden
to worry
^--;, PUEDO SERVIRLE? lBs
-,- QUE
tEN
--t),lo mejor
delar
subir andando
sper
sin plomo
cornente
para
para volver
coger
coJa
ta carretera
directamente
the best
to leave
to walk up (go up walking)
top grade (of petrol)
unleaded (of petrol)
normal grade (of petrol)
ZPuedo en
No puedo
Juan no pt
Usted pue
ZPuede us
in order to
in order to return
You saw in Ch
or allowed:
to catch, take
take (imperative)
road
1Se puede
directly
(d) Express
Explanations
(a) Driaing
wr
Dos mil
pe
ion
In Spain you drive on the right-hand side of the road. Main roads are called
'carreteras nacionales' and are numbered from one to six. They appear in red on
road maps with the numbers Nl to NVl. Motorways are being built to cary the
heaviest traffic and these are labelled 'A' on maps for 'autopista'. Distances are
measured in kilometres and, since one kilometre is five-eighths of a mile, to
convert from kilometres to miles you divide by eight and multiply by ive' Petrol
is called 'gasolina' and the petrol station 'la gasolinera'. Both petrol and oil (el
aceite) are sold by the litre and there are two basic grades of petrol, .sper', the
top grade, and 'corriente' or 'normal', the lower grade. Unleaded (sin plomo) is
also available. Petrol starions are not so common in Spain as in some other countries and you need to take care on long journeys that you do not run out ofpetrol.
np<pl
Cuarenta
(e) Saying
t,
The adjective
Z tr5
Lct ll5
'
t<1
iEstn listl
Mara no t
. ^L4
2tr51.<1
u)LE
' '.+^
(fl Indicatir,
The adjectives
'estar' in spee<
(b) Finding out ushat is possible

You use the phrase .2es posible' + the ininitive?:
2Es posible alquilar un cocheT
2Es posib|e comprar se||os aqu?
Is it possible to hire a car?

Is it possible to buy stamps here?
(c) Finding out if you can do sornething - gra?ntnar ref
7 (ia)
The verb 'poder' (to be able, can) is irregular and singular forms are as follows:
poder
pueoo
pueoes
puede
usted puede
You use the
86
MASTERING S-PINISI1
to be o.ble, can
I can
you can (famiiiar)

he/she can
you can (polite)
Prohibido
Prohibida
Prohibido
2Se puede
N|n a<t r
(g) Express
The form usec
Lo me;or
Lo me.1or
a Correr
Lo me1or
volver
ZPuedo entrarT
No puedo venir hoy.
Juan no puede conducir.
Usted puede comprar pan aqu.
iPuede usted decirme la hora?
o)
Can I come in?

I cannot come today
John cannot drive.
You can buy bread here.

Can you tell me the time?
You saw in Chapter 9 that 'se puede' is used to say that something is permitted
or allowed:
2Se puede aparcar aqui?
(d) Expressing 'per'
Is parking allowed here? (Can one
park here?)
or'a, an' in quantities - grantrnar
ref 3
You use the word 'por' to express the following ideas:
ads are called

pear in red on
It to carry the
Distances are
of a mile, to
by five. Petrol
ro1 and oil (el
l, .sper', the
isin plomo) is
Le other counout ofpetrol.
Dos mi| pesetas por da.

Cien pesetas por persona.
Cuarenta pesetas por hora.
(e)
2000 pesetas per day (a day).

100 pesetas per person.
40 pesetas an hour.
Saying that sontething or sonteone is ready - grq?7wnar ref 8
The adiective'listo/a/oslas' is used with the verb 'estar':

2Est |ista |a cena?
2Estn listos mis zapatos7
Mara no est |ista'
.tr5L<
u5LcU ||)tU
Is dinner ready?
Are my shoes ready?
Mary isn't ready.
Are you ready?
(fl Indicating that sotnething is prohibited

The adiectives 'prohibido/a/os/as'is used by itself in notices and with the verb
'estar' in speech:
r?
rps here?
ProhiLrido baarse.
Prohibida la entrada.
Prohibido acampar.
iSe puede fumar en el

No, est prohibido.
Swimming prohibitc.l.
teatroT
No entry.
No camping.
Is smoking allowed in the theatre?

No, it's forbidden.
ef 7 (ia)
(g) Expressing ushat is the best thing to do - graTTvnxar ref 2 (oii)
rre as follows:
The form used is as follows:

Lo me..1or que puede hacer ...
Lo me,1or que puede hacer es ir
a Correos.
Lo me..1or que puede hacer es
volver a Madria.
The best thing you can do ...

The best thing you can do is go
to the Post Office.
The best thing you can do is
return to Madrid.
lEN QUE PUEDO SERVIRLE?
187
(h) Saying hoza you do sornething

The action is expressed by a verb and the manner by another verb in the '-ing
[orm:
4Ou quit
Nada.
It can be placr
Subo andando.
Sale corriendo.
I walk up. (I go up walking.)
He runs out. (He goes out running.)
Nada cor
or after the ve
No quierc
(i) Further uses of the irrtpersonalforrt 'se' - gratnnlar ref 7

You saw in Chapters 9 and I 1 some examples of this form:
Se dice oue no est en
Casa.
(ii)
Casa. I'm told that he's not
at home.
(n) Nouns J
Many adjectir
The two adjectives 'posible' and 'imposible' express these two ideas:
singular of
Lo
Is it possible to speak to the

manager?
It's impossible to park in the
centre of Madrid.
director?
Es imposible aparcar en el
centro de Madrid.
(h) Quontity expressed by the definite article

When in English the indefinite article 'a' or 'an' is used, Spanish prefers
(I)
Buying petrol - grsrt?ttxar ref

Pngame treinta litros.
Mil pesetas, por favor.
favor.
the
80 pesetas a bottle.
100 pesetas a metre.
40 pesetas a piece.
l0 pesetas a packet.
11
Fill the tank, please.
Give me 30 litres.
1000 pesetas'worth, please.
In formal speech thanks are often answered with the phrase 'de nada'(not at
ali) and the negative 'nada' is used to express 'nothing':
BB
MASTERING sPlN1s.1
The
l:
The
(rn) More negatioes - grattlft?ctr ref 4
me.1or
Lo interes
The i;
There are three ways of asking for petrol:

L|neme el depsito' por
the
Lo difciI e
deinite article:
Ochenta pesetas la botella.

Cien pesetas el metro
Cuarenta pesetas Ia pieza.
Diez pesetas el paquete.
Nunca vo
No voy nt
(j) Expres sing po s sibility and irnpo s sibility

2Es posible hablar con el
and used as
2Fuma us
Nunca.
It is said that he's not at home.
By adding the pronoun 'me', the form becomes personal:

Se me dice oue no est en
Similarly, the
(o) Further
In Dialogue
Lo me.;or
The t
But the verb
'
;D.1eme t
Mi
El
mu..1er
coac.
.1efe no
2Me puec
!hat do you want?

Nothing.
2ou quiere Usted7

in the '-ing'
Nada.
It can be placed before the verb:

nc.)
rt running.)
Nada comprendo de este
ref
(iii)
me.
ne.
I understand nothing in this book.
or after the verb with 'no'before the verb:
No quiero
r
libro.
nada.
I want nothing. (I don't want any-
thing.)
Similarly, the negative 'nunca' (never) can be placed before or after the verb
and used as a sinsle-word answer:
Do you smoke?
lFuma ustedT
Nunca.
Nunca voy al cine.
No voy nunca al teatro
Never.
I never go to the cinema.
I never go to the theatre.
(n) Nouns fortned frorn adjectitses - gra?tl??xar ref 2 (aii)

Many adjectives can be turned into nouns by placing 'lo' before the masculine
LS:
the
the
e prefers the
singular of the adjective:

Lo me1or es ir a Correos.
The best (thing) is to go to the Post Office.
Lo difci| es |a gramtica.
The difficult (part) is the grammar.
Lo interesante es el baile.
The interesting (part) is the dance.
(o) Further uses of 'dejar'

In Dialogue ), the policeman says:
Lo me.ior que puede hacer es de-1ar e| coche aqu.

The best thing to do is to leave the car here.
But the verb 'dejar'is also used to express 'leave, let, allow, lend':
1D.1eme en paz!
Mi
mu,.1er
no me
coac'
no me
El ,1efe
de.1a
beber
de.;a fumar.
iMe puede dejar mil
pesetas?
Leave me in peace!
My wife does not let me drink
brandy.
The boss does not allow me to
smoke.
Can you lend me 1000 pesetas?
tada' (not at
;EN OUE PUEDO SERVIRLE? 189
Exercises
Usted:
(Sar
Usted:
(Sar
Empleado:
Exerc ise
I Asking
Empleado:
what is possible
t\
2
3
4
5
Buy cigarettes in the hotel.

Have lunch at I o'clock.
Change travelier's cheques in this bank.
Try on the dress.
See some leather handbaes.
Exercise
2 Hiring
a car
Usted: (Say good morning. Ask iJ you can hire a car here.)
Empleado: E'so es. 1Para cuntos das?
Usted: (Say only for today. Say you want to tisit the windmills at Campo
Cnptana.)
Emp|eado; Muy bien, seor. iPara cuntas personas?

Usted: (Say Jor two; your uife and you. Ask if he has an
(\ Exercise 3
de
Part<ing the car
Guardia: Buenas tardes, seora. iEn qu puedo ayudarla?

Usted: (Ask if you can park in this street.)
Guardia: S, seora. Est prohibido aparcar en la plaza, pero el coche est
bien aqu' No se preocupe.
Usted; (Say thank you. Ask if it is possible to go in the car as far as the windmilk.)
Guardia' No. seora.
Exercise
Buying Petol
Play the part of Robert Robinson in the following dialogue; buy 20

litres of top-grade petrol and find out the cost.
Empleado: Buenas tardes. 4Qu le pongo?

Usted: (Ask or 20 litres, please')
Emp|eado: Sper, sin plomo o normal?
190 MASTERING SPINIS/1
Talk to tl
$atch te
$hat is the
Cinco mi
Mil quini'
Veinte m
Cien pesr
Ciento ci
Exercise
Example: Di
I
2
3
4
5
economical car.)
Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; find out whether you
can park in this street and whether you can take the car up to the windmills.
(,
Smoke.
Leave no
Park here
Exercise
I
2
3
4
5
Play the part of Robert Robinson in the foliowing diaiogue; find out whether or
not you can hire a car, say it is for one day, for two people and you want an
economical car.
Example: Co
Find out if the following are possible.

Example: Hire a car in Toledo. 2Es posible alquilar un coche en ToledoT
I
2
3
4
5
Exercise
Breakfasl
Lunch.
Car.
Shoes.
Your wif
Exercise
Explarn to yt
following no
I
2
3
4
5
Prohibid,
Prohibid,
Prohibid
Prohlbid
Prohibid
Exercise '
Spanish fr
Example: 15
se pueoe.
Usted:
(Say, super.)
Emp|eado: Ya est. ;A1go ms?

Usted; (Sa1t no thank jou. Ask hou much it
Exercise
Finding out if you can or cannot do something
Example: Come in 2Puedo entrarT
I
2
3
4
5
oledo?
is.)
Smoke.
Leave now.
Park here.
Talk to the boss.
\atch television.
Exercise
Understanding Prices and quantities
What is the employee saying to you?

rt whether or
you want an
at Campo
de
:ar.)
whether you
,indmills.
l coche
rc
est
windmills.)
l
2
l
4
5
Ctnco mil pesetas por da, seor.

M|| quinientas pesetas por persona, seor.
Veinte mi| pesetas Por semana, seor.
Cien pesetas por media hora. seor.
Ciento cincuenta pesetas por minUto, seor.
(\) exerclse 7 Finding out if something or someone is ready

Example: Dinner. 2Est lista
I
2
3
4
5
|a cena?
Breakfast.
Lunch.
Car.
Shoes.
Your wife.
Exercise I
Understanding notices
Explain to your companion, who does not speak Spanish, what the
following notices mean.
I
2
3
4
5
Prohibido
Prohibida
Prohibido
Prohibido
Prohibido
fumar.
a entrada'
baarse.
aparcar en la plaza.
el paso.
Exercise 9 Explaining what is allowed in England to a

Spanish friend by answering his questions
Example: 2Se puede Comprar vino en |os cafs en |ng|aterra? No, no
se oueoe.
lEN QUE PUEDO SERVIRLE?
191
.Y-I
2
3
4
5
5e puede aparcar en todas las calles en InglaterraT

Se puede fumar en los autobuses en Inglaterra?
Se puede comprar cigarrillos en la calle en lnglaterra?
Se puede tomar cerveza en un pub en Inglaterra?
Se puede Jugar al golf en lnglaterra?
(Listening ex
['{
Por lqs can
Exercise
lO
Understanding prices and quantities
Listen to
the
Spanish towr
How much does the salesman want?
I
2
3
1
5
com
Veinticinco pesetas el litro.

Vale seiscientas pesetas el metro.
Vale cuarenta pesetas la pieza.
El par vale diez mil pesetas.
Son ochenta pesetas |a racin.
lSe puede,
Listen to the
t Saying'nothing'
Quiero alq
Exampie: 2ou hay en la habitacin7 No hay nada
Listen to the
Exercise
1
2
3
1
5
2Ou quiere usted?

2au ve usted en la cal|e?
2ou toma usted?
2au estudia usted7
2ou hace Usted |os domingos?
t\, Exercise t 2
Saying you never do something
Example: 1Va usted mucho al cineT No, no voy nunca al cine.
I
2
3
4
5
2Bebe usted mucho vino?

2Fuma usted?
iDuerme usted en Ia oficina?
2Visita usted museos?
i,Toma usted mucho el solT
(\ ) Exercise | 3 What
ae you allowed to do?
Example: iPuede usted fumar en la cama7

me deja fumar en la cama.
(Mu_1er)
I 2Puede usted dormir en la oficina? (Jefe)

2 lPuede usted estudiar en casaT (Hr.;os)
3 2Puede usted beber coac? [Doctor)
4 1Puede usted salir con rubiasT {Mu-1er)
5 aPuede usted ir al bar? (Marido)
192 MASTERING S'PVISI1
No, mi muJer no
The car-h
(a) Fast (
The wom
(a) l0 da
In the wo
The car-h
(a) Renar
(c) Ford,
The wom
(a) Fast
She inten.
(a) To th
The Merc
(a) 5700
The car-h
(a) 5.00
(a) 4 peo
comprende usted e| espao| hab|ado?

Por las carreteras de Espaa

Listen to the tape and write down
as
numbers the distances siven between
Spanish towns.
lSe puede o no?
Listen to the tape and write down what is or is not allowed.
Quiero alquilar un coche

Listen to the tape and select the correct answer from the ones supplied.
The car-hire company is called:

(a) Fast Cars (b) Reliable Cars (c) Madrid car-hire
The woman would like to hire a car for:
(a) l0 days (b)
weeks (c) 3 days
In the woman's party there are:
(a)
.1
people (b) 3 people (c)
5 people
The car-hire agency has:

(a) Renault, Seat and Ford cars (b) Seat, Ford and BMW cars
(c) Ford, Mercedes and Seat cars
The woman insists that the car be:

(a) Fast (b) Comfortable (c) Spanish
She intends to go:

(a) To the north of
The Mercedes costs per day:
The car-hire agency is open until:
Spain (b) To
the south of
Spain (c) To
France
(a) 5700 pesetas (b) 5900 pesetas (c) 5500 pesetas

(a)
5.00 (b) 5.30 (c)
6.30
lEN QUE PUEDO SERVIRLE? 193
2comprende usted el espao| escrito?

(Reading exercises)
Ej
&'
Por Ias carretergs de Espaa

Look at these roadsigns seen in Spain, and
mean. (You may need to use your dictionary.)
frT
w {-F
write down what you think they
NO APARCAR
ffiffiffiYffiXffi
AI/ISAMOS GRUA
PffiHffiffi&3*X&ffi
pffiH*Tn
pffi$
KM ffiI
ffi$trmw&-ffiffi
ffiM MtKffiffi
p&tr &tr
8X63ffi9ffiffiffim
ffi-'Hoo
,o*ot.*EscARGA
.-jeBat2h.
F*ffiffiffi
pt$vlsl0llAl
(Ctno se
Se dice 'la
Look at the
the Spanish
dictionary.)
I{
w
w:"*qil*s.,
eJf-
{#
a194
MAST'ERING SPIA'1SIj
tr
\ s*Krns.
evg$_..&
LA
MEJOI CIUDAD
think they
pnl{lgtun Ln lJEtTn
NilBULITTE POR LN5
tr
ffi
tNLLES lEL Pl|EBLl
m&_
.' n&'
I$1ffiffi
3ffi *{3
':.8 ..'
j
t
&
riffi
llEuros
lgllsuufu0s
pENsl0Nlili
ffi&Lut
DE
t0
Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)
tl
,battery' en espaol?
1Crno se dice
Se dice ,lg batera,.
Look at the picture of the car below and try to match up the letter on the car to
the Spanish words given in the list on the next page. (You may need to use your
dictionary.)
K\
t \_r
;EN QUE I'UEDO SERVIRI.E? 195
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Tyre
Steering wheel
\Xl'indscreen
Bumper (fender)
Boot (trunk)
(D
(g)
(h)
(i)
(t)
Exhaust pipe
Bonnet (hood)
Windscreen wiper
Headlamp
Headrest
c){
Vocabulary as follows'
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Me
El tubo de escape
El limpiaparabrisas
El reposacabezas
El volante
E|
neumtico
El parabrisas
El parachoques
El maletero
E| cap
El faro
El Rastro
Dialogu
Dialogue
The Robinsc
with Mara
decided to
ur
Mara: cQu
Joan; Me
Madrid.
2ou vas a hacer?

Making plans
":;W
uTu."
',
'$ w.."
#\ ,..
ffi**
'
!
r$*
. i.
t#'.. '.:,:.'
I
.tp *'
I
El Rastro
Dialogues
Diatogue
The Robinsons are back in Madrid, and Joan Robinson is planning an outing
with Mara Lpez. Now that they know each other fairly well, they have
decided to use the familiar form of address.
Mara: 2Qu vas a hacer el domingo por la maana, Juana?

Joan: Me gustara visitar el Rastro, ese mercado grande que hay aqu en
Madrid. iPuedes ir conmigo?
1QUE VAS A
HACER?
197
gusto. Suelo ir a misa a las ocho pero estoy libre a partir

de las nueve y media. ;Dnde nos vemos?
Joan: Delante de mi hotel a ias nueve y media. lTe parece bien?
Mara: Me parece estupendo. Hasta el domingo entonces.
Mara: S, con mucho
Joan:
Adis. Hasta el domingo.
Dialogue 2
Robert Robinson rings Juan Lpez at his office.
Secretaria; Dgame.
Robert: oiga' 4Est el seor Lpez?
Secretaria: ;De parte de quin, por favor?
Robert: Soy el seor Robinson.
Secretaria: iAh, seor Robinson! S, el seor Lpez est. Un momento' por
favor. Ahora le pongo.
Juan; Hola,
Roberto. ;Qu tal lo pasaste en Toledo?

Robert: Muy bien, gracias. Oye, Juan, .eStS libre maana por la tarde?
Juan: S, creo que s. Tengo que trabajar hasta la una' pero entonces estoy
libre. ;Por qu?
Robert: 4Por qu no jugamos un partido de golP
Juan: Muy bien. ;A qu hora quedamos?
Robert: A las tres, si te va bien. Te espero delante de mi hotel, si quieres.
Juan: Vale, hasta maana entonces.
Robert: Adis, hasta maana.
Dialogue 3
After the excursion of Joan and Mara to the Rastro, the Robinsons and the
Lpezes meet up for lunchtime drinks.
Juan;
;Qu otras ciudades vais
a visitar?
Robert: Pues yo tengo que volver a Inglaterra la semana que viene.

Mara; Hay que visitar las ciudades del sur; Sevilla, Granada, Crdoba. Son
todas muy hermosas.

Joan: S, me gustara mucho visitar Granada. Muchos turistas van a Granada,
2verdad?
en los meses de julio y agosto' pero no te preocupes,

muchos
hoteles muy buenos en Granada y es una ciudad muy
hay
Juana,
Juan: S, sobre todo

grande.
Robert: Muy bien. Vamos a ir a Granada, entonces.

Joan: Y luego vamos a volver a Madrid y os lo vamos
volver a Inglaterra.
Mara: Un brindis por nuestros amigos

buen viaie a Granada.
a contar todo antes de
ingleses: salud, amor y pesetas ... y
Ministt
tvoaabu
la maana
gustar
me gustar;
el mercado
conmrgo
con mucho
<nler /rrel
suelo ir
la misa
ver
2dnde nos
estupendo/
decir (i)
digame
or
otga
2de parte
poner
dr
lp nnnnn
pasar
2lo pas '..?
I98 MASTERING SPINISH
ibre a partir
mento) por
rrde?
onces estoy
uleres.
Ministerio de Informacin y Turismo
VocabuJary
rns and the
,rdoba. Son
a Granada,
preocupes,
:iudad muy
do antes de
lesetas ... y
la maana
gusrar
me gustara
el mercado
conmigo
con mucho gusto
soler (ue)
suelo ir
la misa
ver
adnde nos vemos?
estupendo/a/os/as
decir (i)
digame
or
oiga
2de parte de quin?
poner
le pongo
pasar
1|o pas ...7
mornlng
to please, like
I'd like
market
with me
with great pleasure
to be accustomed to
I'm accustomed to going, I usually go
Mass
to see
where shall we meet? (where shall we
see each other?)
fine, great
to say, tell
hello (answering the phone)
to hear
hear, hello (when speaking on phone)
who's calling
ro pur
I'il put you through
to spend time, pass

did you enjoy (spend your time) ...?
1QUE VAS A
HACER?
199
maana
tener que
tengo que trabaJar
el partido
La qU hora quedamos7
tomorrow
te va bien
it suits you (it goes well with you)
to have to
I have to work
game, round (of golt)
when shall we meet?
ir
to go
la semana que viene

nay que
next week
it is necessary, you, one must, ought
el sur
hermoso/a/os/as
el,/la turista
sobre todo
..1ulio
a9osro
os
contar (uel
antes de
el brindis
nuestro/a/os/as
la salud
et amor
to
south
beautiful
tourist
above all
July
August
you (familiar plural pronoun)
Voy a vi
Vas a cc
Juan va
Usted vi
Vamos i
Vais a v
(c) Talhb,
The seconr
friends, me
ends in '-s':
2Fumas
Comes r
qu
2,A
to teil, relate
before
toast, drink to someone's health
The plu
health
love
2,A
our
2Fumis
Comis
qu
(d) Sayin,
Explanations
(a) Using the telephone
Using a private telephone in Spain is exactly the same as in any other country
and you simply dial the number you require. Telephone kiosks in the street are
marked .Te|fonos' and in some towns there are telephone centres which are
similarly marked. Some kiosks are for local calls only and these are marked
'Conferencias urbanas': others, for iong-distance calls, are marked
'Conferencias interurbanas'; and those for all types of calls, including international ones, are marked 'Conferencias internacionales'. The dialling tone is a
continuous buzz, he ringing tone is a single continuous note and the engaged
tone is a single, repeated note. til7hen answering a phone, you normally say
.Dgame' and the speaker will reply ,oiga, and may identifiz himself with the
phrase .Soy yo, Paco Martnez', for example. If you have to identifu yourself the
person answering wiil ask: .2De parte de quin7' and you answer this by saying
'De parte del' and your name.
td
(b) Expressing future intentions - grqttxT?xsr ref 9
You indicate your future plans by using the verb 'ir a' + infinitive. The parts of
the verb included here are:
2oo MASTERING s.PlN/s1
(n
'T-ha.'prh
please me):
2Ouiere
S, me g
Me gust
(e) Ashinl
'Con' joins
2Ouiere
(fl Sayinl
You can exp
Por lo g
A more
eleg
the singular
Suelo cc
I us'
2,{
que
Whr
I you)
st, ought
Voy a visitar Sevilla.

Vas a comprar un sombrero
Juan va a llegar a las tres.
Usted va a salir maana.
Vamos a visitar Granada.
Vais a visitar Inglaterra.
I'm going to visit Seville.

You're going to buy a hat.
John's going to arrive at 3 o'clock.
You're going to leave tomorrow.
IJe're going to visit Granada.
You're going to visit England.
(c) TalkinS to friends - gratwTtsr ref 7(i)

The second person singular or plural of the verb is used to talk
to
friends, members of your family and children. The singular form always
ends in '-s':
n)
iFumas mucho?
Comes demasiado.
2A qu hora sa|es de casa7
Do you smoke a lot?

You eat too much.
$7hat time do you leave home?
The plural form always ends in '-is':

ralth
2Fumis mucho?
Comis demasiado.
2A que hora sa|s de casa7
Do you smoke a lot?

You eat too much.
What time do you leave home?
(d) SayinS u;hot you r.uould like to do - grarrtrnar ref 14

The verb .gustar' is used in the form .me gustara' - I would like to
(it would
please me):
rer country
e street are
which are
Lre marked
marked
ng lnternag tone is a
re engaged
'rmally say
:lf with the
,ourself the
s by saying
2Ouiere usted visitar el

5, me gustara mucho
Me gustara bailar.
museoT
Do you want to visit the museum?

Yes, I'd like to.
I'd like to dance.
(e) Asking sorneot e to sccorttpony you.

'Con' joins with 'mi'to form the word 'conmigo':
2Ouiere usted ir conmigo?
(f) Saying
ushat
Do you want to go with me?
you usually do
You can express your habits by using 'por lo general':

Por lo general como a la
una.
Usually I have lunch at I o'clock.
A more elegant way is to use the verb 'soler', which changes to 'suelo', etc. in
the singular forms and is followed by the infinitive:
'he parts of
Suelo comer a Ia una.

I usually have lunch at I o'clock.
1A qu hora suele l|egar el tren7
$7hat time does the train usually arrive?
.QUVAsAHACER?
2O1
-r"No sueles beber vino. Lverdad?

You don't usuallv drink wine. do vou?
You use the
(g) Arranging to rneet

To establish the place use the phrase ,2Dnde nos Vemos7':
2Dnde nos Vemos7
Delante del hotel.
To
Where shall we meet?

In front ofthe hotel.
establish the time use the phrase ,2A qu hora quedamos?':

2,A qu hora quedamos?
A las tres y media.
What time shall we meet?
At 3.30.
(h) Expressing sn opinion about the arrange?nents - gra?rr??rar
ref 14
To ask
a friend's opinion of the time and place you say'2Te parece bienT':
A las dos en el hotel.

;Te- r'"
n:rprp
c'
At 2 o'clock in the hotel.

Do you agree?
hpn7
Me parece bien.
I agree.
With strangers, the pronoun used is 'le':

A las tres en mi oficina.
2Le parece bien?
At 3 o'clock in my office.
Do you agree?
You can ask and answer these questions with the verb 'valer':
A las siete en el bar. iVale?
At 7 o'clock in the bar. OI(?

Yes, OI(.
S, va|e.
(i) Asking if sorneone had
good tinte - gram,nqr re 16(i)
The past tense of the verb 'pasar' (to spend) is used with the pronoun 'lo':
2Lo pasaste bien en ToledoT
5, |o pas muy bien.
(j) SqyinS
ushot
Did you have a good time in Toledo?

(Did you spend it (time) well in
Toledo?)
Yes, I had a very good time.
you haoe to do - gratn??xar ref 15
You use the verb 'tener que' + infinitive:

Esta maana tengo que
2Tienes que ir a casaT
trabajar. This
Juan tiene que estudiar esta tarde.

Usted tiene oue volver a las dos.
202
MASTERING.SPINISI1
(h) Sayin,
grarnTnsr
morning I have to work.

you
have to go home?
Do
John has to study this evening.
You have to come back at 2 o'clock.
Hay qu<
Hay qut
(l) Month
enero
febrero
marzo
abril
mayo
..1unio
Months are
express 'the
El prime
On
(Note that
'<
El tres d
Onr
(tn) Refer
The verbal
place):
El lunes
Nex
La sema
Nex
El veran
Nex
(n) Expre
You use 'anl
Ouiero
Iwa
(k) SayinS ushot it is necessary to do or ushat one ought to do

gra??x?nar ref 10
You use the form 'hay que'+ infinitive:

Hay que conocer Sevilla.
Hay que salir a las tres.
(l) Months of
enero
febrero
marzo
abril
mayo
a77L7tLAr
-1unio
the
One ought to know Seville.

It is necessary to leave at 3 o'clock.
year
.1ulio
January
setiembre
octuDre
April
agosto
noviembre
diciembre
February
March
July
August
May
June
September
October
November
December
Months are written with a small initial letter. 'El primero' may be used
'ien?':
express 'the first', but all other dates are expressed with cardinal numbers:
El primero de mayo voy a Pars.
On the first of May I'm going to Paris.
(Note that 'on' is never translated in a date.)

El tres de abril voy a Roma.
On the third of April I'm going to Rome.
(rn) Referring to next useeh, tnonth, year, etc.

The verbal phrase 'que viene' can be used to express 'next' in time (but not in
'?
place):
(i)
:r'lo':
n Toledo?
well in
El lunes que viene voy a Madrid.

Next Monday I'm going to Madrid.
La semana oue viene Vamos a Pars.
Next week we're going to Paris.
E| verano que viene voy a Espaa.
Next summer I'm going to Spain.
(n) Expressing 'before' in tirne

You use 'antes de' * infinitive:
.1,
Ouiero ver Sevilla antes de volver a Inglaterra.

I want to see Seville before returning to England.
ng
o'clock.
;OUEVASA HACER? 203
-(o) Our - grs??t?tlar ref 2(ia)

The possessive adjective 'nuestro' has four forms:
Nuestro coche es amarillo.
Nuestra habitacin es muy bonita.
Nuestros amigos son muy
simpticos'
2Dnde estn nuestras maletas?
(p) Talking obout the
Our car is yellow.

Our room is very nice
Our friends are very nice
Where are our suitcases?
You can use the future tense to talk about the future. This is formed from the
infinitive with the following endings in the singular:
I'11
arrive next Monday.
You'll arrive at 2 o'clock.
John will arrive later.

You'll arrive at 5 o'clock.
Some verbs are irregular, with a change in the stem:
Play the pi
visit the Re
Mara: .C
Usred: (5
Madric
Exercise
Play the pe
free tomorl
Usted: (S
Juan: S,
Usted: (A
Juan: Mu
Usted: (S
hotel, iJ
Salir
Sa|dr a las Cuatro.
l'll
Venir
Vendr e| martes que viene.
I'll come next Tuesday.
Poder
No podr venir.
Ask your fr:

Example: F
I shan't be able to come.
Saber
Lo sabr maana.
I'11
know tomorrow.
Poner
Pondr |a ma|eta en |a habitacin.
I'11
put the suitcase in the room.
I
2
3
4
5
leave at 4 o'clock.
Tendr que trabajar maana.
I shall have to work tomorrow.
Decir
Lo dir a Paco maana.
I'11
Exercises
The key ro rhese exercises begins on p. 326.
204 MASTERING 5-PIN/SH
Exercise
Saturda
Sunday
Thursd:
Next wt
Next M
Exercise
Tener
Exercise
Mara: Cr
Usted: (S
Mara: M
future
Llegare el lunes que viene.

L|egars a |as dos
Juan ||egar4 ms tarde'
Usted l|egar a las cinco.
E]
tell Frank tomorrow.
Answer the
shown in th
Example: 2l
I ile gust
2 2Le gust
3 2Le gust
L_
\ Exercise I Making plans
Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; say you would like to
visit the Rastro and arrange to meet in front of the hotel at 9.30.
Mara: 4Qu vas a hacer el domingo por la maana, Juana?

Usted: (Say yot,t uould like to z;isit the Rastro, that big market
that there is here in
Madrid. Do you uant to come with nte?)

Mara: Con mucho gusto. .Dnde nos vemos?
Usted: (Say in front of your hotel at 9.30. Ask if that is ail right.)
Mara: Me parece estupendo.
:d
from the
t-t
\
Exercise
2 Arranging
to meet
Play the part of Robert Robinson in the following dialogue; find out if Juan is
free tomorrow afternoon and arrange to play golf at 3 o'clock.
Usted: (Say listen Juan, are you free tomorrou afternoon?)

Juan: S, creo que s. ;Por qu?
Usted: (Ask why you don,t pla1t a game o.f sol.)
Juan: Muy bien. ;A qu hora quedamos?
Usted: (Say at 3 prn if that's ctll right. Say you will wait for
hotel, if he wishes.)
'row.
of
yottr
Exercise 3 Finding out what people intend to do

Ask your friend what he is going to do.
Example: Friday morning. 2ou vas a hacer
1
2
3
4
5
room.
him in .front
e| Viernes
por la maana?
Saturday evening.
Sunday morning.
Thursday afternoon.
Next week.
Next Monday afternoon.
L_/
\ Exercise 4 Saying what you would like to do
Answer the following questions, taking your cue from the ticks and crosses,
shown in the example.
E'xample: .Le 9Ustara ViVir en Espaa?
S, me gustara.
5, me gustara mucho'
X No' no me gustara.
XX No' no me gustara nada
1
2
3
2Le gustara visitar To|edo7

2Le gustara ser dentista7
ale gustara Ver
as
ul
|a te|evisin?
'
'
()UVAs A
HACER?
2o5
4
5
t\ )
Exercise
l
2
3
4
5
n,
Saying what you usually do
Example: Por lo general como en casa. Suelo comer en casa
I
f
3
4
5
\\
cine? x x
iLe gustara escuchar un disco7
2Le gustara ir a|
Por
Pnr
Por
Por
Por
lo general ceno a las seis.

|a nanara|
||fo a casa a |as diez.
.''',.Y
lo general no salgo por la tarde.
|o generaI cojo e| autobs.
lo general traba_yo mucho.
Exercise
( , Exercise
\
l 2ou da
2 2Cundo
3 2Cundo
4 2Cundo
5 2Cundo
Saying what you have to do
the cue in brackets.

Example: 2Vamos al cineT (Work) No puedo porque tengo que traba..lar
lVamos al
I>ar? (Study)
2Vamos al cineT (Go back to the office)
lVamos al teatroT (See your wife)
iVamos a la discotecaT (Write a letter)
2Vamos de comprasT (Wait for your son)
u\I Exercise
Saying what one ought to do
Example: Visit the cities of the south. Hay que visitar las ciudades del sur.
1
2
3
4
5
Visit Toledo.
Buy bread.
Go shopping.
Get to know Madrid.
Change some traveller's cheques.
Exercise
Dates from you diary
Example: 12 March
JUAN.
dinner with John. El doce de marzo voy a cenar con
I l4 February - visit Toledo.

2 l0 August - work at home.
3 25 March - disco with Mary.
4 I May - dinner with Martha.
5 ll October-buyacar.
Exercise
When are you going to do it?
Example: 2Cundo va usted a Visitar Francia? (Next year) Voy a visitar Francia
e| ao oue viene'
206
MASTERING SPINIS'I
Example:2Cr
vrernes que !
Explain that you cannot join in with the proposecl activity, giving as your reason
1
2
3
4
5
2Cundo
2Cundo
1Cundo
1Cundo
2Cundo
t\,
Exercise f
Example: Vol
1
2
3
4
5
Voy a apr
Vas a ver
Juan va a
Usted va i
Voy a resr
R Ec"-pr.
(Listening exr
iQu Quier.
Listen to the
answering the
1
2
3
4
5
6
Which dal
Are they n
Where do
What is th
When is o
Where an<
1
2
3
4
5
'our reason
rbaJar.
2Cundo
2Cundo
1Cundo
2Cundo
2Cundo
Exercise
Va usted a comprar el cocheT (Next month)

Va usted a visitar el museo? (Next $ednesday)
Va usted a ver a don AlfonsoT (Next week)
va usted a terminar el traba,.1o7 (Next Friday)

Va usted a ir de comprasT (Next Saturday)
O Talking about the future
E'xample: 2Cundo ||egar Usted a Madrid? (Next Friday) L|egar a Madrid

viernes que viene.
l
2
3
4
5
e|
2Ou da vendr usted a cenar Conmigo? (Next Thursday)

2Cundo visitar usted mi Casa en Granada? (Next summer)
2Cundo sabr usted e| precio? (Tomorrow afternoon)
2Cundo podr usted arreg|ar el coche7 (Next Tuesday)
2Cundo comprar usted el tocadiscos7 (Next Monday)
t\',) Exercise t I Talking about the future
E'xample: Voy a char|ar con mis amigos. Charlar con mis amigos
et sur.
1
2
I
4
5
Voy a aprender e| francs.

Vas a ver la televisin.
Juan va a ayudar a su muJer.
Usted va a tomar el sol en la Playa.
Voy a reservar una habitacin para quince dias.

cenar con
tQu quieres hocer?

Listen to the tape and write down what the speakers are planning to do by
answering the questions in English.
itar Francia
1
2
3
4
5
6
Which day of the week are they talking about?

Are they making plans for the morning or the afternoon?
!here do they arrange to go?
What is that exactly?
$hen is one ofthe speakers free?
$7here and when will thev meet?
1QUE VAS A
HACER?
2o7
.TFF
E
iQu te
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
gustara hacer?

I
shich day are the speakers talking about?
$7hat concerns the woman?

What does she suggest because of this?
b
7
Where might they go?

What will the water be like? Select the word she uses from the following.
(a) fra (cold) (b) fenomena| (terriic) (c) fresqusima (very fresh)
Which famous Spanish monastery does the man suggest they visit?
At what time do they agree to meet?
W'here do they agree to meet?
fJ,adrid, tz cle Seylienbre
| Te ux,ib ho,a Parq cle..;,te lo 9ue me .:,usarahorcr en mi

l v.sio a 4u p|or",,Jaldre de a91u,o !o, o' dz lola,de ,1eln..]e
,j ||ey,e. o. Lond,es q /qs c.*e{.o 1c{iez.Ve,drs a
l se/;."b'e',.o
2OB MASTERINGSPIAIISH
(Puzzles)
Un ab.azo rnv; f uerte-t
J,Lo
1
2
3
4
5
6
Si hace bu
Si llueve
Si hace fr,
Si hace so
No suelo
Si me llarr
All of these pl
-L
lRomoecal
lr
lConoc esE
.,iop,,rto,c,verdad ?
I b,j,,*,,
on (o ,ca1;!d .)e
l?;;,; po*, ,,o,' 1,i,n dro5 con,9o
I r"o1o|e,ra 1 ne q.;+qt.-q visi.|or jodis os si4;os de in*es
l g,,Yond,,,-J!o1/," d" Londtes, e( ?oIa,o de Buc<nqhqm,
!
,Q t-luseo Bril,inico y l" ?hza de Tr"7olq,r.
Aro uq saks, no /rrrlo Lebx nucho', pse'o me 1'sta'ia nrJcho
o-o. i,no (?ez^ en ub de eso-s 7oôsos,7ub' que,lienes en I
11 me hore mrho.
nqlqter,". S g"e Io pr[ m,',j bien contiqo
.7a ;12los.per1;do l
,0
sto,
il'*;;" rnsar qL ,,1.
l
"n
') 7.onto
\an1)oi"iones'.
Name the
What doer
What wou
How does
reasonable ser
Read Lola's letter and answer the questions in English.
ido anilo:
tir
$7hat doer
How long
Match up a p
Una carta de Lolo
uer
At what
Cada oaeja
(Reading exercises)
When and
L.
3
4
5
6
2Est To|e
:trnntlr
LLt I YUL L
2En qu c
2Dnde h
1En qu c
2En que
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
When and at what time will Lola leave Soain?

At what time will she reach London?
What does she hope you will do?
How long can she stay with you?
Name the places she would like to visit.
What does she not usually do very much?
$7hat would she like to do and where?
How does she jokingly describe the English?
following.
nr frech)
,'isit?
omPecabezas
(Puzzles)
Cada ozseja co?r
str
pareja
Match up a phrase from the first column with one from the second to make
reasonable sentence.
I
2
3
a
'n
bre
ml
7e l
ae
,drs a
.1e
in*ers
t:3no,m /
t
t]ch
Si
Si
Si
Si
hace buen tiempo

llueve
hace fro
hace sol
No suelo beber mucho
Si me ||amas por telfono
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(0
ir a| cine.
tomar el sol en e| jardn.

pero hoy tomar un coac.
sa|dr a| campo con mi amigo'
vendr a buscarte en mi coche
me pondr e|abrigo.
1Conoces Espaai
All of these places have been named
l
2
3
4
5
6
so far in the book, but where are they?
2Est Toledo en el centro de Espaa o en el norte?
2En qu ciudad est el Metro?

2En qu ciudad hay un A|czar famoso7
2Dnde hay unos mo|inos famosos7
2En qu ciudad est e| Rastro7
1En qu parte de Espaa estn Granada' Sevil|a y Crdoba?
nes e4
mho.
errido
I
;OUE VAS A HACER? 209
-:FFF

test for Chapters | | -l5
Administer the test and mark it in the manner outlined for earlier tests
pages 66-68).
6
7
8
9
l0
@
no
el sbado.
Questions
@) At the
$7rite down
t,
Usted:
(Ask
Usted:
(Ask
usted:
(4sk
Dependienta
Hombre: 4Qu te gusta hacer los fines de semana?

Mu_1er: Todo depende del tiempo. Si hace buen tiempo me gusta dar un paseo
por el campo' pefo si hace fro, me gusta ir al cine o al teatro.
Hombre: ;Por qu no Vamos al cine el sbado que viene?
Mu.1er: 4Qu ponen?
Hombre: No s. Voy a mirar la gua de espectculos. Mira; hay una pelcula
estupenda en el cine Capitol. ;Quieres ir?
Mu'1er: 1A qu hora empieza?
Hombre: La sesin de la tarde empieza a ias siete y la de la noche a las once.
;Qu sesin prefieres?
Mujer: La de la tarde. No me gusta ir a la cama tarde.
Hombre: Muy bien. La sesin de la tarde, entonces. 4Dnde nos Vemos) y a
qu hora?
Mu,ier: Delante del cine a las siete menos cuarto. iTe parece bien?
Hombre: Me parece muy bien. Hasta el sbado, entonces.
Dependienta
Interzsieus
When
Dependienta
read the interview.
1
2
3
4
5
$7here
cost to post
Read the interview or listen to it on the cassette. If vou have the cassete do
Which
Section
(see
Section t
Muier: Adis. Hasta
How do
$7hat ar
What does the man want to know?

$7hat affects the woman's leisure activities?
$7hat does she do if the weather is fine?
And if it's cold?
\X/hat does the man suggest?
MASTERING sPl^'1.S1
@) Hiring
Write down r
for a week an
Empleado:
usred:
(Ask
Usted:
(Sor
Empleado:
Empleado:
pesetas p
@) Lihes,
\X/rite down
I 2Le gus
2 2Le gus
3 2Ou |e
4 ile gus
5 2Dnde
.Le gus
7 2Le gus
8 2ou |e
9 1Le gus
l0 2Ou le
nt
6
7
8
9
l0
iier tests (see
How does he find out what is on?

What are the times of the two performances?
Which one does the woman choose and whv?
Where will they meet?
When will they meet?
Section 2
17>
,4 k)
At the Post Office
Write down what you would say to find out how much postcards and letters
cost to post to England and to obtain ten 45-peseta stamps.
Dependienta: Buenos das. ;Qu desea?

Usted: (Ask how much it costs to send a postcard to England.)
Dependienta: Una tarjeta postal vale cuarenta y cinco pesetas.
rassette do not
Usted:
(Ask how much a letter costs.)

Dependienta: Una carta vale cuarenta y cinco pesetas.
Usted: (Ask or ten 45_peseta stamps.)
dar un paseo
a7>
,g
ft) Hirins
a car
$rite down what you would say to find out if you could hire a car) to hire one
for a week and to find out how much it will cost.
'una pelcula
Emp|eado: Buenos das. iBn qu puedo servirle?
he a las once.
EmpIeado: S. iPara cuntos das?

Usted: (Sall or a week' Ask how much it costs per day')
EmpIeado: Vale cuatro mil seiscientas pesetas por da, ms treinta y cinco
ls vemos, y
r?
Usted:
(Ask
if
yu
can hire a car here.)
pesetas por kilmetro.
a>\
(9
@) Lihes, distikes and preferences

\X/rite down genuine answers to the following questions.
.' ^qu5l<' d U)tc(

.,--^J el vino?
r, ZL
a
''
^
"'-ed los calamaresT
qL/)tdl
I
d
U)Ll
z
LL
gusta
le
ms' el vino o |a cerveza?
3 2ou
gusta
visitar
museosT
4 2Le
pasar sus Vacaciones7
gusta
le
5 1Dnde
gusta
marido
6 1Le
a su
{mu..1er) el calorT
(mujer) ir de comprasT
gusta
marido
7 2Le
a su
gusta
ms
a
sU
marido (mu.'1er)' tomar el sol o dar un
8 2ou |e
gustara
vivir
en
Espaa?
9 2Le
10 2ou |e 9Ustara ms' visitar Un museo o ir aI teatro7
REVISION AND SE'F-ISSES-S'I14ENT
paseo?
TEST
211
.-rr,--
Marl< Scheme
o
a
Section I
Section 2(a)
Section (2b)
marks per correct answer (maxin'rum 8)
.1
Section (2c)
Maximum total 60
Se/y' asses
Over
50
rnent
grades
excellent
30 50 satisfactory
Answers
Section
l
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
$hat the wornan likes to do at the weekends.

The weather.
She goes for a walk in the country.
She goes to the cinema or the theatre.
He suggests they go to the cinema on Saturday.
By looking at the entertainments guide.
7 pm and 11 pm.
She chooses the evening performance because she does not like to go to
bed late.
In front of the cinema.
At 6.45 pm.
9
10
Section 2
(a) At the Post Office
2Cunto vale mandar Una taUeta posta| a |ng|aterra?
iY una carta?
Derne diez sellos de cuarenta y cinco pesetas.
21
MASTERING 5-PlN1s1
(b)
Hiring
2Puedo a
Para una
(c)
Likes, di
( mpn
2
3
S, me g
mon
Me gust
Me gust
6
7
Si. le gu
S, le gu
8
9
| ^ ^,,-+L
gu)tc
( mpn
10
Me gust
(b) Hiring a car

2Puedo a|qui|ar un coche aqu?
Para una semana' 2Cunto va|e por da?
(c) Likes, dislikes and preferences
1
2
3
I
5
6
7
8
9
10
S' me gusta e| vino. No, no me gusta e| Vino.

s, me gustan |os ca|amares. No, no me gustan |os Ca|amares.
Me gusta ms e| vino/|a cerveza'
Si. me gusta visitar museos. No, no me gusta visitar museos.
Me gusta p.lsar mts vacaciones en + namc of couniry.
s' le gusta el calor. No. no |e gusta e| Ca|or.
s, |e gusta ir de compras. No, no le gusta ir de compras.
Le gusta ms tomar e| so|/dar Un paseo.
S, me gustara vivir en Espaa. No, no me gustara vivir en Espaa
Me oustara ms visitar un museo,/ir al teatro.
ike to go to
REVISION AND SE.F-ISSESS'I14ENT
TEST
213
-!F
Joan.
4Visitaste la catedral?
Talking about the past
S, cla
Mara. Y, ;te
Joan: Me gu
Mara: 1Corr
)oan:
S. Fu
Roberto c
Mara' Entot
Joan: S, lo
Dialogue 2
Before leavinl
chats to the
hr
Recepcionista
Robert: Voh
-;^r-.'
rlLl
rrrl
y l..
Recepcionista
Robert: S, r
Recepcionista
Robert: S. I
e@
.,'ffi
xirr"dW:
en el Circ
Recepcioniste
est delar
Robert: .D
golf. Hast
Recepcionist;
W
El Rastro
Dialogues
Diatogue I
Joan Robinson and Mara Lpez stroll through the Rastro chatting about Joan's
visit to Toledo. They pause near one of the stalls.
Maria: Mira,
Juana, ciento vcinte pesetas. Es una ganga.

Joan: Lo sicnto. Maria' pro no comprendo. ;Qu quicre decir .una ganga'?
Mara: Es una cosa que eS muv barata como ese peine.
-Joan: Ah' s. Ahora comprendo.
Mara: 4Visitaste la catedral en To1edo?
214
MASTERINGS/7N1.S1
La catec
Joan:
S, claro. Fui dos veces.

Mara" Y, ite gust?
-joan: Me gust mucho.
Mara: 4Compraste algo en Toledo?
Joan: S. Fui con Roberto a una fbrica de artesana y compr un monedero.
Roberto compr muchas cosas: un broche, unos pendientes y un collar.
1o pasaste bien en ia antigua capital de Espaa, iverdad?
Joan; S, 1o pas muy bien; es una ciudad encantadora.
Mara,' Entonces
Diatosue 2
Before leaving to meet Juan l-tipez for their round of golf Robert Robinson
chats to the hotel reccptionist.
Recepcionista: iCundo volvi usted de Toledo, seor Robinson?

Robert: Volv anoche' Cog el tren de las diecisiete horas y 1legu aqu a ias
siete y media.
Recepcionista; ;Le gust Toledo?

Robert; S, me gust mucho.
Recepcionista: iComi usted perdiz a la toiedana, ese plato tpico de To1edo?
Robert: S. Fui a comer un da a la Venta del Aire, ese restaurante muy buencl
en el Circo Romano.
Recepcionista: Me parece quc Su amigo acaba dc llegar, seor Robinson. Ah
est delante del hotel.
4Dncle? No le veo. Ah s, es mi amigo Juan Lpez. Vamcls a jugar al
golf. Hasta luego.
Robert:
Recepcionista: Hasta luego, seor Robinson'
rbout Joan's
nr
oe n
or')
La catedral en Toledo
aVISITASTE LA CA1'EDRAL? 215
YFF
Diatosue 3
on the golf course Juan Lpez questions Robert about his trip to Toledo.
Juan: lFuiste a los molinos en Campo de Criptana?
Robert: S. Alquil un coche y pas todo un da en Campo de Criptana.
Juan: ;Te gustaron los molinos?
Robert: 1Flombre, clarol Son parte de la historia de Espaa, 4no?
Juan: 4Qu otras cosas viste? iVisitaste el museo del Greco?
Robert: S' fui un da con Juana, pero el gua nos habl en espaol muy
tocar
me toca a mi
qanar
ya vers
Explanat
rpi-
damcnte y no comprend mucho.

Juan: 1Qu lstima! Los cuadros del Greco son muy famosos y muy preciosos.
Robert: S, ya lo s. Bueno, me toca a m jugar, 4no? Voy a ganar' ya vers.
comprender
no comprenoo
querer {ie) decir
2qu quiere decir?
ra cosa
como
el peine
la catedral
ta vez
oo5 veces
algo
|a fbrica
la artesana
el monedero
la capital
encantador /a/es/as
anocne
la perdiz a la toledana
el plato
la venta
acabar de
acaba de llegar
le
hasta luego
ra parre
la historia
rpidamente
|a |stima
;qu lstimaI
el cuadro
famoso/a/os/as
216 MASTERING.SPINlSll
(o) Talking
The form of tt
used to talk ab
Vocabulary
ta ganga
td
regular verbs
.-a'verb
bargain
to understand
I don't understand
to mean' signi
what does it mean?
thing
like, as
comb
cathedral
trme, occasion
twlce
something, anything
factory
handicraft
purse
capital
charming
last night
partridge dish typical of Toledo

dish, plate
inn
to have just (done something)

he's just arrived
him (direct object pronoun)
see you soon
part
history
quickly
pitv
what a pity!
picture, painting
famous
Contprar
Compr u
fnmnr:<fr
Marta con
Usted con
t-ert verb
Comer
Com bier
Comiste n
Juan com
Usted con
t-ir'verb
Salir
Sa| a |as r
Saliste a lz
Pablo salir
Usted sali
Notice that
.-
(b) Spellinl
Verbs which
to preserve thr
L|egu a
t ^^-^+^
L|c9c1)t
Pagu mi
Pagaste n
Toledo.
tocar
me toca a mi
ganar
ya vers
to be someone's turn
it's my turn
to win, earn
5,ou'll see
riptana.
)
ol muy rpiruy preciosos.

r' ya vers.
Exolanations
[4
(a) Talhing about the past - gra?n?tlqr ref 16(i)
The form of the verb you have seen in the dialogues is the preterite tense and is
used to talk about single actions or events in the past. The singular forms of the
resular verbs are as foilows:
t-art verbs
Comprar
Compr Un monedero.
Compraste un collar.
Marta compr un broche.
Usted compr unos pendientes.
To btty
I bought a purse.
You bought a necklace (familiar).

Martha bought a brooch.
You bought some earrings (polite).
t-ert verbs
Comer
Com bien'
Comiste mucho.
Juan comi ma|.
Usted comi poco.
'-ir'verbs
Salir
Sa| a |as nueve'
foledo
Saliste a las diez y media.

Pab|o sali a |as doce y cuarto
Usted sa|i a |as cinco y Veinte.
To eat
I ate well.
You ate a lot (familiar).
John ate badly.
You ate little (polite).
To leaz;e, go out
I left at 9 o'clock.
You left at i0.30 (familiar)

Pablo left at 12.15.
You left at 5.20 (polite).
Notice that '-er' and '-ir' verbs have the same cndings.
rino)
rn)
(b) Spelling changes - gratn?trar ref 16(ii)

Verbs which end '-gar' add 'u' after the 'g' before an ending beginning with 'e'
to oreserve the sound found in the infinitive.
L|egu a las diez.
Llegaste tarde.
Pagu miI pesetas.
Pagaste mucho.
I arrived at I 0 o'clock.
You arrived late.
I paid 1000 pesetas.
You paid a lot.
VISI:rASTE l}l CA.|EDRAL? 2|7
.Y-(c) Saying that you liked sornething - granunar ref
(h) Referrin
14
The verb 'gustar' is used and only the third person singular and plural
are
needed:
2Le gust |a comida?
S' me gust mucho.

ile gustaron los cuadros?
S, me gustaron bastante.
Did you like the meal? (Did the meal

please you?)
Yes, I liked it very much.
Did you like the pictures?
Yes, I quite liked them.
re 5(i)
Two pronouns
people:
Lo
Ya lo s'
2El bolso?
Le
No le veo.
2Juan7 Le
(d) Saying that you enjoyed yourself - grat?L7nsr ref 16(i)
Notice that pro
The verb 'oasar' is used with the Dronoun 'lo':

4Lo pas bien en To|edo?
S' lo pas muy bien'
Did you have a good time in Toledo?

(Did you spend time well in
Toledo?)
Yes, I had a good time.
(e) Saying ushere you usent

The verb 'ir' (to go) is used and is irregular. The forms of the singular
follows:
Fui a Toledo.
Fuiste al cine.
Juan fue al teatro.
Usted fue a Londres.
(fl Saying
zuhat
are
I went to Toledo.
You went to the cinema (familiar).
John went to the theatre.

You went to London (polite).
The verb used is 'acabar de' in the present tense + infinitive:

I've just arrived.
You've just seen Mary (familiar).
Joe has just left.

You've just played tennis (polite).
@) Sayinq thot it is your turn

The verb used is 'tocar' and it behaves just as 'gustar' does:
Me toca pagar.
Te tocajugar.
Le toca salir.
Le toca a usted pagar
2|B MASTERING sPlN1s1
It's my turn to pay.

It's your turn to play (familiar).
It's his/her turn to leave.
It's your turn to pay (polite).
(i) Tolhins
The verbs four

number of cor
group changes
you haae just done - gra,rtlmsr ref 17
Acabo de llegar.
Acabas de ver a Mara'
Pepe acaba de salir.
Usted acaLra de lugar al tenis.
as
Andar
Anduve pc
Anduviste
Juan andu
Usted andt
Similar ver
Conducir
Condu_.1e b
Decir
D1e la
ver<
Estar
Estuve en
Hacer
Hice much
Note: Hizo
Poder
No pude v
Poner
Puse la ma
Producir
Produ-1e ur
Ouerer
No quise
(h) Referring to things and people using pronouns - grann?nsr
.nd plural are
Did the meal
ref 5(i)
Two pronouns are found in the dialogues and refer to the following things or
people:
It (masc. sing.)
Lo
Ya |o s'
2E| bo|so? Lo compr ayer.
l.
s?
LE
6(i)
No t" u"o.
1Juan? Le vi anoche.
I already know it.

The handbag? I bought it yesterday.
Him
I can't see him.
John? I saw him last night.
Notice that pronouns are usually placed before the verb.
re in Toledo?
:ll
in
(i) Talhing about
past - granutlsr ref 16(io)

found in Section A are regular with the exception of ir'
the
(to go)' A
The verbs
number of common verbs are irregular but do follow a pattern. One major
group changes both the stem and the endings, following this pattern:
ingular are as
(familiar).
rllte).
Andar
Anduve por la calle.
Anduviste por el parque.
Juan anduvo por el mercado
Usted anduvo por |a exposicin.
Condu.;e bien.
Decir
Dr1e la verdad.
Estar
s (polite).
niliar).
ite).
You walked through the park.

]ohn walked through the market.
You walked through the exhibition.
Similar verbs are:
Conducir
:amiliar).
To walk
I walked along the street.
Estuve en Pars.
Hacer
Hice mucho traba1o.
Note: Hizo mucho traba1o.
Poder
No pude venir.
Poner
Puse la maleta en la cama
Producir
Produye un peine.
Ouerer
No quise salir.
To driae
I drove well.
To say
I told the truth.
To be
I was in Paris.
To do, make
I did a lot of work.
He did a lot of work.
To be able, can
I could not come.
To put, place
I put the suitcase on the bed.
To produce
I produced a comb.
To wish, want
I did not want to go out.
;VISITASTE LA CATEDRL? 219
--Saber
No lo supe.
Tener
Tuve que volver.
Traer
Traje a mi hermano.
( )
\
To know
I did not know it.
To haae
I had to return.
To bring
I brought my brother.
To conte
I came quickly.
Venir
Vine deprisa.
The ke1 to these exercises begins on p. 328.
Exercise t
Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; find out whar 'una
ganga'means.
,una
gartga'nteans.)
Maria: Es una cosa que es muy barata, como ese peine.
Usted:
(l
\
(Say ah
Exercise
ys.
Iow
you understattd.)
Saying where you went and how you lit<ed it
twice to the cathedral and enjoyed it.
Mara: 1Visitaste la catedral en Toledo?

Usted: (Sayl'res, of course. You tuent tuice.)
Mara.' Y,
1te gust?
(Say ltou liked ir a lot.)
Exercise 3 Saying when and how you got back and how
you lil(ed a place
Play the part of Robert Robinson in the foliowing dialogue; explain that you
returned last night on the 17.00 train, arrived at7.30 pm and enjoyed Toledo.
Recepcionista: ;Cundo vcllvi usted
Usted:
cie
Toledo, seor Robinson?
(Say you returned last night. Yott caught the 17.00 trairt and arriz-ted here
at 7.30.)
Recepcionista: ;Le gust Toledo?
Usted:
220
(Sayye.s, you liked it a bt.)
MASTERING SPI,\'ISI
Reply to the f
Example: 2Or
2Dnde
1au co
2Cunto
1au ha
2Aqu t
iou tot
2Cunto
2A quir
2Ou vis
2ou esr
Exercise
Examples:
I
2
3
4
5
Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; explain that you wenr
Usted:
Exercise 5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Finding out what something means
Maria. Mira, Juana, ciento veinte pesetas. Es una ganga.

Usted: (Sa1l you are sony) Mara' but 1ott do not understand. Ask uhat
Play the part

hired a car ar
Juan: iFuis
Usted: (Sal
Juan; aTe g
Usted: (Say
Exercises
a
Exercise 4
2C,
LE:
2Vio ustec
2Comi us
1Volvi us
2Sali uste
aBebi ust
Exercise 7
Example: The
I Cinema/lar
2 Markethi
3 Shopping/1
4 Discotheqr
5 Cathedral/'
( ) Exercise
\
Repiy to the fo
O
\
Exercise
Saying where you went and how
Play the part of Robert Robinson in the following dialogue; explain that you
hired a car and spent the day at Campo de Criptana.
Juan: lFuiste a los molinos en Campo de Criptana?

Usted: (Sayyes. You hired a car and spent a whole day in Campo de Cnptana.)
Juan: aTe gustaron los molinos?
Usted: (Say of course. Thejt are part of the history o;f Spain, aren't they?)
( ) Exercise 5 Saying what you did

\
Reply to the following questions in the affirmative.

Example: 2ou a|quil usted? 2Un coche7 5' alquil un coche.
1 2Dnde aparc Usted7 2En |a p|aza?

2 2au compr usted? 2Un peine7
3 2Cunto pag usted7 Zciento veinte pesetas7
4 tau hab| usted? 2Espao|?
5 tA qu hora ||eg usted a casa7 2,A las nueve7
6 1ou tom Usted en e| bar? 2Una cerveza?
7 2Cunto pag usted7 2Cien pesetas7
8 zA quin invit Usted7 2A su amigo?
9 2ou visit usted? 1La caLedra|?
l0 2Ou escuch usted por |a tarde? 1Discos de msica
t what 'una
k what 'una
clsica7
you did o did not do

Q
\ e*"'cise Saying what
E'xamples: 2Cogi Usted e| autobs? (S) S' cog el autobs.

2Escribi Usted |a carta? (No) No, no escrlb |a Carta
ked it
l
2
3
4
5
rat you went
o\
d how
arrbed
here
Exercise
(\)
Saying whee you went' when and with whom
Exampie: Theatre/yesterday/wife. Fui al teatro ayer con mi mu1er
1
2
3
4
5
ain that you

'ed Toledo.
2Vio Usted |a televisin? (Si)

2Comi usted bien? (No)
2Vo|vi Usted anoche7 (5)
2Sa|i usted a |as once7 (Si)
iBebi usted horchata7 {No)
Cinema/lastnighfriend.
Markethis morning/husband.
Shopping/yesterday/son.
Discotheque/this evening/sister.
Cathedral/yesterday morning/daughter.
Exercise
Saying what has just happened
Reply to the following questions in the affirmative.

aVISITASTE LA
CATEDRIL?
221
.Tl!F
Example: 2LIeg Juan? S, acaba de l|egar.
Exercise t
1
2
3
4
5
2Sali Marta?
The followin
Example: S'
1Vo|vi eI gua?
l S, anduv
2 S, puse
3 No,nop
4 S, |o sup
5 S' estuve
LEntr su marido7
1Pag Paco?
2L|eg |a prensa extranJera?
Exercise
Saying whether you liked something or not
Examples: 2Le gust la catedra|?
S, me gust mucho.
S, me gust.
X No' no me gust.
XX No' no
1
2
3
4
5
(\ )
1Le gust |a ensa|ada? ui 7'

2Le gustaron las chuletas?
2Le gust el he|ado? 7
[4
xx
4Le gustaron los entremeses? ,
2Compn
(Listening er
2Le gUSt |a comida7 X
Exercise
Finding out if it3 your turn
Lo siento,
Listen to the
Example: Pay. 2Me toca pagar?
Play.
Leave.
Buy.
Listen.
Speak.
me gust nada
Exercise t t
Listen to the
what she bot
1Qu hicis
A day in your life
Answer the following questions in the affirmative.
L tA qu hora sa|i usted de casa7 2,A |as ocho?

2 2Cmo fue a su traba1o? 2En coche7
3 tA qu hora l|eg a su traba.1o7 iA las nueve?
4 2au dr'1o Usted a sus amigos7 2Buenos das?
5 2Hizo mucho trabajo?
6 2Dnde comi? 2En casa?
7 2Tuvo que trabajar mucho por la tarde?
8 1Tra1o ms traba;o a casa?
9 1Vio |a te|evisin por la tarde7
10 2'A qu hora se fue a |a cama7 iA las once?
Now repeat the exercise but this time give genuine answers.
222 MASTERING SPINISI1
Listen to the
The worr
(a) last S
The man
(a) atac
The mus:
(a) classi
The conc
(a) in tht
The man
(a) with
The worr
(a) to dir
In the en
(a) toac
Exercise l2
Asking what people did
The following are the answers. What were the questions?

E'xample: S' tra';e a mi hermano. 2Tra1o usted a su hermano?
not
1
2
3
4
5
S' anduve por e| parque.

S, puse la ma|eta en la habitacin.
No, no pude comprenderle.
5' lo supe ayer'

S. estuve en Mlaga e| mes pasado.

Lo siento, pero no cornprendo

Listen to the tape, decide what Joan's problem is and how it is resolved.
Listen to the tape and write down in English where Joan went in Toledo and
what she bousht rhere.
eQu hiciste el dom.ingo pasado?

Listen to the tape and select the correct answer from the ones supplied.
The woman rang the man:

(a) last Saturday (b) last Friday
(c) last Sunday

The man was out:
(a) al a concert (b) shopping (c) visiting his mother
The music he was listening to was:
(a) classical (b) jazz (c) folk
The concert was:
(a) in the open air (b) in a concert hall (c) in a bar
The man went to the concert:
(a) with his wife (b) with two friends (c) with four friends
The woman rang the man to invite him:
(a) to dinner (b) to go into the country (c) to go to a disco
In the end, she went:
(a) to a disco with friends (b)
shopping (c) to
see her mother
aVISITAS:rE LA
CATEDRAL?
223
--FF
2Cornprende usted el espaol escrito?
. ffi:i:;t:ti*b*ffi
(Reading cxercises)
Read these signs seen in Spain and write down what they mean in English.
BffiA'
AGI
ffi:.':r1:l:f;1
ileffiffiffiT
ffitrffi
&[*mry
;l
rytrffi
ff mwmefuffiffi&
,'
;:
:
J& e-
x*xgmm ffit ffifrffi&#*
r&ffiffi
ry
Mnf*nruA or 7 3S a !3 3S
&-&.ffi' ff
[RsE pc ]s a l 3*
n$}{nffi
$"&1ruffiffi
frffi#Tflffi&{$
#ffitr$ffiffiffiB&s
,&ffixmffiT{&
$:*B S &&Y &

s- $*&m * *&
#*-{"ffi$$&s
t9
T&nO
&S, XEffi&
trtr$#*&ffiffis
tretr&trffi${p&
Tffiffiff
p{ $ry*effi
etr pffin{#ffi
224
i$
MAS'TERING S'PIAIISI1
ACCE50
L
English.
,ffi*
':$*
{:e${$qffiYffi& #ffiffiTe#-t
&e- ff&Kfr$ pffi$tr
l&ffiffiffiffiffifu&-
&
tues'ffi& e*. ffiffi &_ tr38&

e$&t$*ffi & pffiffi&
LY&""
, ,&ffi! ffiYffi
CURYA$
pffit$&Rs$&s
ffiffi X-**m.
&ffi
10
;ffiffi
|.|:ISITASTE LA
CATEDRAL?
225
Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)
Tall
De oacgcxoTres
Where did these people go on holiday. Rearrange the anagrams to find out
where they went. All the places you need (and some you do not) are found on
the map below.
I
2
3
4
5
6
Me gusta el calor. Fui a la ASOCTDELSOL.

Me gusta e| esqu. Fui a |os R|PNoiES.
Me gustan |os monumentos rabes' Fui a DRANAGA'
Fui a visitar a mi amigo cata|n que vive en CLANBoREA.
Me gustan mucho |os teatros y los museos. Visit DIRAMD.
l\4e encanta el paisale verde. Fui a ACIGALI.
triatogu,
K
Dialogue
Joan Robinsc
meet up to dir
Mara: iQu
-Joan: Los er
Mara: S, m
Joan: No m
Mara: iQu
(-----..-.---t-'
Galicia
"/Yln"
;./
.
Barcelona
zt
j
\
Dialogue 2
,n
Joan wants to
p..'
'-''-J.,'-
o Madrid
S,/
Joan: iCom
Maria: S. S
Compr
//-<
Varencia A 7
\o
\
7
o Granada
Costa del Sol
Joan: A ver.
Mara: Quin
Dialogue 3
Robert Robin
on the table,
disappeared.
Robert: .D
Juan:
;Ests
seor!
Camarero:
4compraste algo?
Talking about the past - Z
to find out
rre found on
Dialoques
Dialogue
Joan Robinson and Mara Lpez separate in the Rastro market and ]ater
meer up to discuss their purchases. Joan has bought some pictures of Madrid.
Mara: 1Qu cuadros ms bonitos! ;Dnde los encontraste?

Joan: Los encontr en un puesto en aquella calle. ;Te gustan?
Mara.. S, me gustan mucho. iCunto te costaron?
Joan: No mucho' Slo quinientas pesetas cada uno. Una ganga, .no,
Mara: 1Qu pronto aprendes! 1Y qu bien hablas el espaol, Juana!
Mara?
Diatosue 2
Joan wants to know what Maria has bought.
Joan: gCompraste algo?

Mara: S. Sub por aquella calle y
encontr un puesto de joyas antiguas.

Compr esta sortija vieja. E,l vendedor me dijo que e s de1 siglo pasado.
Joan: A ver. S, eS muy bonita. 4Cunto te cost?
Mara: Quince mi1 pesetas, pero eS de oro.
Dialogue 3
Robert Robinson has a slight mishap in the golf c1ub. He leaves his sun glasse s
on the table, goes to the bar with Juan and, when he returns, the glasses have
disappeared.
Robert: 4Dnde estn mis gafas de sol? Las dej aqu en ia mesa'
)uan.. ;Ests seguro? E'spera un momento. Voy a llamar al camarero. ;Oiga'
seor!
Camarero: S, seor. 2Qu quiere?
1COMPRASTE
ALGO?
227
=V--Juan: ;Vio
Camarero:
ffi' &:Lffi
Dialogue
Robert approa
Robert: Perd
en la mesa
;Qui
Robert: Pero
:l
k-''
Joven:
i:
:t
Mire; ah t
Robert: Muc
K
.ffi
ur
donde las
Joven: ;Dn
ffi
Pero, ;dr
&"
&
ffi
Robert: Me
Joven: 4Qu.
Robert: ;No
i*ffi
lVocabuta
encontrar
(ue]
tos
"i$
i
i{
!i
i:
ij
]l
el puesto
costar (uel
pronro
:n| | r^nt^|
aprender
;qu bienI
la loya
la
sortr..ya
.,:î^
/- r^- r--
vtr:)u/ d/ u>/ d>
el vendedor
el siglo
pasado/a/os/z
t^-
)^ -,
)L
^-c^- Uc
|<1) LJC|<1)
el compaero,
las
.'1oven,/jvenes
el-1oven
nace
nace un mom
la terraza
estar equrvoc.
usted est eqL
En el Rastro
22B 'VISZ'RING s?lN1sH
mio/a/os/as
Juan: iVio
usted unas gafas de sol? Mi compaero las dej aqu en esta mesa'
Camarero: S' seor, las vi. Hace un momento entr un joven y las cogi'
Mire; ah est en
|a terraza.
Robert: Muchas sracias.
Diatogue 4
Robert approaches the young man on the golf club terrace.
Robert: Perdone, seor. Me parece que usted cogi mis
gafas de sol' Las dej
en la mesa en el bar.
Joven: tQu? No, seor. Est usted equivocado. Estas gafas son mas'
Robert: Pero son gafas inglesas. Mire, seor, llevan el nombre de la
tienda
donde las compr en York.
Joven; ;Dnde? Ah, s, ahora lo veo. Perdneme' Seor. Las cog sin pensar'
Pero, ;dnde estn mis gafas entonces?
Robert: Me parece que estn ah en el bolsillo de su chaqueta, seor.
Joven: ;Qu? iCaramba! Tiene usted razn. Perdneme, seor.
Robert: 1No hay de qu, seor!
Vocabulary
encontrar
(ue)
los
el puesto
costar (uel
pronro
;qu pronto!
aprender
iqu bienI
la
loya
la sortua
vielo/a/os/as
el vendedor
el siglo
pasado/a/os/as
|^.
^--. tcl)
tcr) 9ct
A^.^|
uE
)ul
el compaero/|a compaera
ta5
.'1oven,!venes
el .1oven
to find, meet
them (direct object pronoun) masc.)

stall (in a market)
to cost
soon, quickly
how soon, quickly!
to learn
how nice, goodl
jewel
rlng
old
salesman
century
past, last
sun glasses
companlon
them (direct object pronoun, fem.)
young
young man
nace
ago
Ia terraza
terrace
to be mistaken, wrong
you're mistaken, wrong
nace un momento
estar equivocado/ a/ os/ as
Usted est equivocado/a
mo/a/os/as
a moment ago
mine
1COMPRISTE
ALGO?
229
to bear, carry, wear (of clothing)
llevar
sin pensar
el bolsillo
la chaqueta
without thinking
pocket
jacket
gosh! blast!
to be right
lcarambal
tener razn
usted tiene razn
;no hay de qu|
you're right
don't mention it, it doesn't matter
Costar
2Cunto
Llegar
2A qu h
(d) Refern
The adjective
| |ant
Explanations
Sali pari
Fui a Gra
tr_l
(e) Saying
(a) Giaing exclantqtory opinions

The form you use is .1qu' + noun + .ms' + adjective!
V7hat pretty pictures!
What a cheap meal!
$7hat a stupid man!
tX/hat pretty girls!
;Ou cuadros ms bronitos|

;Ou comida ms barata!
iOu hombre ms tonto|
iou chicas ms guapasI
To exclaim how nice, expensive, etc. something is, the form is similar:
How
How
How
How
How
How
1ou tontoI
1ou tontal
1ou baratol
1ou carosI
1ou preciosasl
1ou bien lo hace usted!
stupid! (of a male)

stupid! (of a female)
cheap! (of a masculine object)

dear! (of masculine objects)
beautiful! (of feminine objects)
well you do it!
(b) Referring to things using pronouns - gratn??Lar ref 5(i)

In Chapter 16 you saw the use of the two pronouns'lo'and'le'. Two further
direct object pronouns are found in this chapter and are used to refer to plura1
masculine or feminine objects:
Los
Them (masc. pl.)
2los cuadros7 Los compr en

ese
Las
The pictures? I bought them at that
Duesto.
2Mis gafas? Las de.1 en la
mesa.
(c) The third person plural of
z;erbs - grq?tl?nar ref 16(i)
stall.
Them (fem. pl.)
My glasses? I left them on the table.
MASTERING SPINIS'1
You use 'hac

Sali hac
Llegu h
Le vi hac
(f) Sayins
about it
Estar seq
No estoy
nomDr
Estar eol
r-L^.,
^^,
tr'5tuy L1|
Tener ra;
Usted tie
(g) Sayins
The possessi'
you own som

1Es ste
Is thi
2Es sta:
Is thi
the
past tense of regular '-ar'
The ending '-aron' is added to the stem of the verb:
230
t a|
l
.^m|
LV^ LVr I rPl
2Son
st<
Are
1Son st.
Are
Costar
To cost
How much did they cost?
2Cunto costaron?
To arriae
Llegar
2,{
!hat time did they arrive?
qu hora ||egaron?
(d) Reerring to last
useek,
rnonth, etc.
The adjective 'pasado' is placed after the noun:

Llegu e| |unes pasado.
Lo compr |a semana pasada'
Sa| para Sevi|la e| mes pasado
Fui a Granada el ao pasado.
I arrived last Monday.

I bought it last week.
He left for Seville last month.
I went to Granada last year.
(e) Saying that sornething happened a certain tirne ago

You use 'hace' followed bv the relevant expression of time:
He left an hour ago.
Sali hace una hora.
L|egu hace tres dias'

Le vi hace un mes.
I arrived three days ago.

I saw him a month ago.
() Soyins that you are sure of sornething, or right or 7Drong

about it
Estar
oblect)
lects)
objects)
seguro/a
No estoy seguro {segura) de
fwo further
fer to plural
r at that
re tabie.
'-QTt
To be sure ('segura' is
the
feminine form)
I'm not sure about his name.
nomDre.
Estar eouivocado/a
Estoy equivocado
s(i)
su
To be mistaken, urong ('equiz;ocada' is

the feminine form)
(equivocada) I'm
Tener razn
Usted tiene razn'
mistaken.
To be right
You're right.
@) Saying you ouJn sornething _ gra?n?7lar re 5 (iii)

.eS' and .son' to Say that
The possessive pronoun .mo' is used after the verb
you own something:
2Es ste su bo|so? S' es mo.
Is this your handbag? Yes, it's mine.
2Es sta su maleta? S, es ma.
Is this your case? Yes, it's mine.
2Son stos sus guantes? S, son mos'
Are these your gloves? Yes, they're mine.
2Son stas sus gafas? S, son mas'
Are these your glasses? Yes, they're mine.
;CoMPRSTEALGO?
231
Suyo
Esta ma
Notice that the possessive pronoun agrees with the thing described and not with
.mo' is preceded by the definite article. .e|',
the possessor. Elsewhere the word
'la'r'los'r'las':
Any ambigu
steno es mi bolso. El mo es rojo.

This isn't my handbag. Mine is red.
Esta no es mi maleta. La ma es marrn.
This isn't my case. Mine is brown.
stosno son mis guantes. Los mos son grises.
These aren't my gloves. Mine are grey.
stasno son mis gafas. Las mas son ing|esas.
These aren't my glasses. Mine are English.
Esta mal
Esta mal
Esta mal
Exercisr
(h) Saying you did sornething usithout thinhing, uishing to, etc.
You use the word 'sin' + infinitive:
Lo cogr sin pensar.

Lo beb sin querer.
I picked it up without thinking.
I drank it without wishins to.
(i) Regular '-er' and '-ir' aerbs in the third person plural in the
pas t tense - gratwtlar ref 16(i)
The ending '-ieron' is added to the stem of the verb:
What did they receive?
2ou recibieron?
2A qu hora prometieron ||egar? $7hat time did they promise to arrive?
The kqt to
Exerci sef
Play the part

the pictures r
Maria: iQut
Usted: (Sat
Mara: S, n
Usted: (Sar
(j) Irregular aerbs in the third person plural in the psst tense -
Exercise 2
it cost
Most of the irregularverbs found in Chapter l6 also have the ending'-ieron':
Play the part

what it cost.
grst?t?nar ref 16(ia)
No hicieron nada.
Estuvieron en Valencia.
They did nothing.

They were in Valencia
The exceptions are those which have a J' at the end of the stem these end in
'-eron':
No dr.;eron nada.
Condu.1eron mal.
Tra.ieron a su madre.
They said nothing.

They drove badly.
They brought their mother
(k) SayinS that things belong to other people - grsttt?trcrr ref S(ii)
The relevant possessive pronouns are:
Tuyo
Este bolso es tuyo, 2verdad?

Mi regin es ms bonita que
la tuya.
232
MASTERING SPINI.SI
Yours (familiar)
This handbag is yours, isn't it?

My region is prettier than yours.
Usted: (Ask
Mara: S, cl
Usred: (say
Mara: Quin
Suyo
Esta maleta es suya.
rd not with
(plt
rrtinle
Lr!r!t
..
L,
His,
hers, yours (polite)
This case is his.
Any ambiguity is resolved by using the relevant pronoun:

Esta maleta eS de |.
Esta maleta es de ella.
Esta maleta es de usted.
This case is his.

This case is hers.
This case is yours.
Exercises
a
g to, etc.
to
O
in the
ref
Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; say where you found
the pictures and how much they cost.
Exercise 2 Finding out what your friend bought and what

it cost
Play the part of Joan Robinson; ind out if your friend bought anything and
'-ieron':
rese end
Exercise t Saying where you found something
Mara: 1Qu cuadros ms bonitos! ;Dndc los encontraste?

Usted: (Say yotr found then ort a stall in that street. Ask if she likes them.)
Mara: S, me gustan mucho. iCunto te costaron?
Usted: (Sa1 rnt mttch. only 500 pesetas. A bargain isn't it, Mara?)
:o arrive?
tense
what it cost.
in
Usted: (Ask if Mara bought anything,)

Mara: Si' compr esta sortija vieja.
Usted: (Say let's see. Yes, it's aay nice. How
Mara: Quince mil pesetas, pero eS de oro'
much did it cost?)
s(iii)
t?
-lrs.
1COMPRASTE
ALGO?
233
TFF
--)
3
4
5
Exercise 3 Finding out what happened to something you

|eft on a tab|e
Example: 2Dnde estn mis gafas de so|? Las
de.1
aqu en
|a mesa.
( )
\
#}
lr.,
O
\
Exercise
exctamatory opinions
Cheap brooches.
A handsome man.
Typical postcards.
An interesting book.
Excellent ham.
Exercise
6 Strong brandy.
7 A cheap present.
8 Comfortable shoes.
9 Beautiful earrings.
10 A charming ring.
(\,
1
2
3
4
5
Llegaron a las ocho, 2verdad? (Las nueve.)

Aparcaron en la plaza, 2verdad? {La calle)
Alquilaron el coche en Madrid, 2verdad? (Toledo)
Hab|aron ing|s, 1verdad? (Espaol)
Reservaron una habitacin con bao, 1verdad? (Ducha}
.\') Exercise Referring to last week' month'
etc.
Example: 2Cundo ||eg usted7 (Tuesday) L|egu e| martes pasado.
1
2
2Cundo ||eg usted7 (Thursday)

2Cundo Visit usted To|edo7 (\eek)
1Cundo
1Cundo
1Cundo
tt
ft
El espao|
Hace calor
Los espac
Franco vivi
El Talgo es
Exercise 9
Example: 2Es
4Cundo v
2Cundo c
Examples: Mat
Toledo est
2
3
4
5
Example: Costaron miI pesetas, 2verdad? (200ol No. Costaron dos m| pesetas.
Exercise 8
,.ar'verbs
Using the third Peson P|ual of regular
fl
2Cundo
Example: iCu
hace dos das.
l
2
3
4
5
Comment on the quality of things and ask where your friend found them.
Example: Pretty pictures. 1ou cuadros ms bonitos! 2Dnde los encontraste?
I
2
3
4
5
4 Giving
Exercise 7
l
2
3
4
5
O
\
1Cundo
2Cundo
'.^+.
atr) uE u)LE
.
r.
de Ust
2Son de us
2Son de us
zEs de ust
2Es
Exercise t O
because yor
Example: lEs
veroe.
1 2Es de uste
2 2Es de uste
3 lSon de us
4 2Son de us
5 2Es de uste
rg you
3
4
5
Exercise 7 Saying how long ago something happened

Example: 1Cundo compr usted e| broche? {Dos das) Compr e| broche
hace dos das.
I
2
3
4
5
2Cundo sa|i usted de Madrid? (Month)

|Cundo fue usted a |ng|aterra7 (Year)
2Cundo pas usted sus vacaciones en Mlaga? (Summer)
2Cundo
2Cundo
2Cundo
2Cundo
2Cundo
Exercise
vio usted a Juan? (Tres horas)

cambi usted |os cheques? (cuatro das}
pag usted |a cuenta? (Cinco minutos)
termin usted e| traba1o? (Un mes)
fue usted a| cine? {Una semana)
Am l ight or wrong?
E,xamples: Madrid es |a capita| de Espaa. Usted tiene razn.
To|edo est en la Costa' Usted est equivocado.
1
2
3
4
5
them.
ncontrasteT
E| esoao| se hab|a
en
|a
Amrica de| Sur.
Hace calor en lnglaterra en el invierno.

Los espaoles no Comen pan con la comida'
Franco vivi en Esoaa.
El Talgo es Un tren espaol.
L\- Exercise
ls this yours?
E'xample: 2Es de usted este paue|o? S, es mo.
I 2Es de usted esta novela?

2 2Es de usted esta revista?
3 iSon de usted estos guantesT
4 2Son de usted estas gafas?
5 2Es de usted este collar?
-ar'verbs
mil pesetas.
t O Explaining that something cannot be yours

because yous is different
Example: 2Es de Usted este bo|so? (Green) No, no es mo. El mo es
Exercise
verde.
to.
I
2
3
4
5
1Es de usted esta toalla? (White)
2Es de usted este brocheT (Of gold)

2Son de usted estos zapatosT (Black)
2Son de usted estas revistasT (English)
ZEs de usted este monederoT (Of leather)
1COMPR4STEALGO? 235
-YIFF
t\)
Exercise I t What did they do?

Example: iDnde estuvieron? (BiIbao) Estuvieron en BiIbao'
I
2
3
4
5
zA quin tra.ieron? (Su hermano)

1Cmo condujeron? (Bien)
2ou dt.'1eron? (Nada)

2ou hicieron7 {Mucho traba-1o)
2ou se pusieron7 (La chaqueta)
t\') Exercise t 2 Saying that things belong to other PeoPle
Example: Mis caIcetines son de Iana. (Ni|n) Mis caIcetines son de |ana, pero
Ios tuyos son de ni|n'
1
2
3
4
5
Mi casa est en York. (Nueva York)

Mis hryos son estudiantes. {Hombres de negocios)
Mi falda es de a|godn. (Lana)
Mis discos son de msica c|sica. {Msica popu|ar)
Mi fami|ia est en |ng|aterra. {Espaa)
Exercise l3
Saying that things belong to other peoPle
Rephrase the following sentences using pronouns for the articles and people in
the second half of the sentence.
Example: Aqu est mi impermeab|e, pero, 2dnde est e| impermeab|e de
usted7 Aqu est mi impermeab|e, pero, 2dnde est e| de usted7
l
2
3
1
5
Aqu est mi muJer' pero, 2dnde est |a mu.1er de Juan7

Aqu estn mis padres' pero, 2dnde estn |os padres de Juana?
Aqui est mi traJe. pero' 2dnde est el tra..1e de Paco7
Aqui estn mis panta|ones, pero, 2dnde estn |os panta|ones de Mara?
Aqui est mi camisa, pero, 2dnde est |a camisa de usted?
iComprende usted e| espaol hablado?

En el Rastro
Listen to the tape and write down what the speaker bought, where she found it,
how much it cost and what it is made of.
Listen to the tape and write down the name of the object being argued over,
where it was left and how ownership is proved.
lCornprasl
Listen to the
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
$7here dic
In which r
What did
Why did t
Name twc
What did
\What has
.comPe
(Reading exer
Tclbln de a
Read the smal

then answer tl
1 You wou
2 You neec
3 You have
t1es.
4 You wanr
5 You neei
6 You wou
7 You wan
October
8 You
9
l0
are r
washing r
You wish
You are
lCorrtpraste algo?
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
DPle
)
lana. pero
$7here did Marisa go shopprng?

In which street in particular?
$7hat did she buy there?
Why did this take a long time?
Name two of the three things she bought in the market?
What did the specialist shops sell?
$7hat has she bought for rhe man?
;Comprende usted el espao| escrito?

(Reading exercises)
oPle
rd people in
Tabln de anuncicls
Read the small advertisements from a Spanish newspaper on the next page and
then answer the questions by selecting the correct advertisement.
rmeable de
1
2
3
a?
4 You want to learn to drive.

5 You need to have some photocopies made.
6 You wouid like to learn Italian.
7 You want to follow a good qualty course on nutrition
de Mara?
You would like to learn Spanish dancing.

You need to work as a free-lance English translator.
You have a room to let with access to cooking and clothes-washing faciiit1es.
8
I
10
and health in
October or November.
You are a girl looking for a room in a flat with central heating,
washing machine available to you.
You wish to rone up in a gym.
You are a girl looking for a room in a flat in the city cenrre.
TV and
she found it,
argued over,
ccoMPRASTE ALGO? 237
=-!tF
3 SE busca chica para compar- f APRENDE a conducir en Autir piso. Habitacin individual, to-Escuela Las AlPujarras. Junecomica' soleado' calefaccin to a Alsina. Paseo Ronda' 95
:entral. teIevisin, lavadora. Matrcula: l5'000 ptas.
Junto Trfico.
|
"
B_
C/.
@Ea
Tibnidas'
q cLAsES de baile espaol. In.

'2--260632.
b SE alouila habitacin doble eresados llamar al
para seritas. Piso soleado y
cntrico. con telfono v lavado- h CURso de nutricin y salud.
De carcter oficial, reconocido
ra. Llamar al 264142.oor la Universidad de Granada.
En octubre y noviembre. Razn
'-
c TRADUCC|ONES en ingls.
Precio econmico. Telf .:
Des
en Facultad de Medicina.
280992.
i COPTSA fotocopias, calidad,

d SE dan clases de italiano. Li- rapidez, prestigio, planos. C/.
cenciado nativo. Pregunta por Sol,5. Telf.:27991l.
Livio. Llamar al telfono
2959991 o C/. Lavadero de la i GIMNASIo Bodv chic. Aero-bic,
Cruz. 7. 1.". Junto S. Juan de
Dios.
gim-jazz, mntenimiento,
musclacin artes marciales,
culturismo, sauna, asesoramiento diettico' Nva. de San Antn,
e CHICO busca Piso de

diantes Dara el
estuprximo curso.
23, Te|.: 25602o.
Dov 18.00 ptas. mximo. Pido

hatitacin individual. aseo. cocina, lavadora Y a ser Posible cer-
cano a Ciencias. Llamar

9s8/7 lol l l.
al
Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)
Sopa de letras: en el Rostro

Hidden in the Wordsquare below are ten things you might buy in the Rastro
market. Can you find them? (They are ail positioned either horizontally or
verticallY.)
SPEXKBL
OELCAMI
C R I P S
UFZLEOR
AUDISCO
DMKTOVS
R E L OJ
OB S OR
R
S OMB
DMALETA
NB
K
T
E
R
I
DC
SA
OR
CT
SE
WR
IA
JA
OL
PI
triatogu
K
Dialogue
Joan Robinsc
she finds the
Dependiente
Habl
no est a
Dependiente
.loan: Era r,
Joan:
2ou deseaba?
Describing things in the past
;1.;{{s
5|$!1le
-*ffffi
the Rastro
izontally or
.
Dialogues
Diatogue
Joan Robinson saw a blouse in a shop and returns later to buy it. Flowevcr,
shc flnds the window display has been changed.
Dependiente: Buenos das, seora. aQu dcseaba?

.)oan: Haba una b1usa en cl escaparate que me gustaba mucho, pero
ahora
no est all.
Dependiente: iUna blusa, seora? iCmo
Joan:
era?
Era roia v amarilla.
lQUE DESEABA? 239
=!FF
Dependiente: Y, ;dnde estaba exactamente?
Vocabular
Joan:
Estaba a la derecha del escaparate.

Dependiente: A ver si mc acuerdo ... 4E'ra de algodn o de 1ana?
Joan: Creo que era de algodn y vala diez mil pesetas'
Dependiente: Ah, s, ahora me acuerdo, setlra' Lo siento mucho, seora,

pero tcna tres de esas b1usas y las vend todas ayer. Ya no quedan de ese
modelo.
;Qu lstima! Era mu1, bonita.
Joan:
Dependiente: 4Quiere mirar otras blusas, seora? Tengo muchas que
son
mu-v bonitas.
Joan: No,
oesear
2que deseabaT
haba
la blusa
el escaparate
gustar
me gustaba
5er
gracias. Adis.
Dependrente: Adis' seora.
2cmo era?
Dialosue 2
esta r
rolo/a/os/as
amarillo/a/os/z
2dnde estaba
acordarse de (L
Robert Robinson has had a mysterious visitor at the hotel.
Recepcionista: 1Seor Robinson! Haba una seorita aqu antes que
le
buscaba.
Robert: ;Una seorita? 4Cmo era?

Recepcionista: Era bastante a1ta, tena el pelo rubio 1. ller'aba un traje azul'
Robert: 1Cmo se llamaba?
Recepcionista: No lo s, seor Robinson' No dijo su nombre.
Robert: Pues, ;qu quera?
Recepcionista: Tampoco lo s. No dej ningn recado. Entr, pregunt
me acuerdo de
e| a|godn
la lana
vater
vaha
Si
estaba usted en el hotel y' cuando 1e dije que no estaba, se march sin decir
nada.
Robert: 1Qu raro! A ver si vuelve otra vez. ;Est mi esposa?
Recepcionista: Creo que s. Hace un rato estaba en el bar.
tener (ie)
tena
queaar
ya no quedan
el modelo
Robert: Gracias.
Diatogue 3
City centres change continually, and La Puerta del So1, the city centre
of
Madrid, is no exception. Robert Robinson returns to his old haunts with Juan
Lpez and indulges in a bout of nostalgia.
Robert: Todo esto est muy diferente. Haba un caf all donde ahora
ha5'
una Zapatera' E'n aquella esquina una seora muy vieja venda puros y
cigarrillos, y la mejor paste1era de la ciudad estaba por este lado.
Juan: 1Hombrel 1Qu memoria! Ya veo que te acuerdas de todo
2Cmo es eso?
Robert: Pues, cuando yo viva en Madrid, tena una novia espaola muy
guapa que traba'aba en una oficina en esta plaza' Todos 1os das yo vena a
buscarla y merendaba con ella en e1 caf que ahora ya no existe'
_,|uan: Y, ;cmo se llamaba esa novia espaola tan guapa?
Robert: Se llamaba ... La verdad es que no me acuerdo de su nombre.
Juan: 1Qu memoria! ;Ya veo que no te acuerdas de nada!
24o MSTERINGsPlÎIs'I/
La Puerta de
Vocabulary
ho, seora,
:dan de ese
as que son
to wish, want
can I help you? (what did you want?)
there was, there were
blouse
shop window
to like (to please)
0esear
2que deseabaT
haba
la blusa
el escaparate
gusrar
me gustaba
I liked
to be
what was it iike?
ser
2cmo era?
rolo/a/os/as
amarillo/a/os/as
red
yellow
to be
esta r
where was it?

to remember
I remember
2dnde estaba?
tes que le
acordarse de (ue)
me acuerdo de
e| a|godn
cotton
wool
la lana
valer
valia
aje azul.
tener
to cost) be worth
it cost
to have
I had
(ie)
tenia
pregunro s1
h sin decir
quedar
ya no queoan
el modelo
t^
rAffioin
LU rLrlrurrrt
model, style
'I
,r eentre
.!:. l
I
lr:
nf
ahora hay
1a puros y
:
t.
I ,& '"l.:.S. F
'!i;.,.,
s;,' ;i
**l
s with Juan
lre left
there are none left
li:
:$
,"" .b
fud
J$
rao1a muy
,,^ ,,^^;^ a^
)- yu vlrrrd
&.,
!*r
"
b".bL
bre.
La Puerta del Sol
1QUE
DESEABA?
241
--!rF
mtrar
zquiere mirar?
antes
buscar
le buscaba
llevar
llevaba
el traJe
to look
do you
before,
to look
at
want to look at?

earlier
for
he/she was looking for you

to wear, carry
he/she was wearing
suit (male or female)
azul/es
el pelo
blue
hair
rubio/a/os/as
fair, blonde
what was she called?
to say, tell
llamarse
1cmo se |lamaba?
decir (i)
no dr,.1o
querer (ie)
2qu quera?
tampoco
ninguno/a/os/as
preguntar
pregunto
marcnarSe
se march
sin decir nada
raro/a/os/as
1qu raro|
la vez
otra vez
el rato
nace un rato
diferente/s
Ia zapateria
la esquina
vender
venda
el puro
la pasteleria
mejor,/es
el lado
la memoria
vivir
vivia
la novia
traba,.lar
traba.;aba
venir {ie)
vena
merendar
merendaba
existir
nada
242
to be called (literally, to call onself
she did not say
to want, wish, love

what did she want?
neither
none, no
to ask
she asked
to go away, leave
he/she left
without saying anything

odd, curious
how odd!
time, occasion
again
while. shorl space of rime

a little while ago
different
shoe shop
corner (of street)
to sell
he/she used to sell
cigar
cake shop
better, best
side (ofstreet, square, etc.)
memory
to live
I used to live
girlfriend, fiance, bride
to work
he/she used to work
to come
I used to come
to have a snack in mid-afternoon
I used to have a snack
to exrst
nothing
MASTERING SPINI.SH
E_l
(a) Talhinl
To
say what
For all verbs
r,
Trabalabz
Traba-iabe
Juan trab,
Usted trat
For nearly all
Viva en e
Vivas cerr
Paco viva
Usted viv.
The exception
Era camar
Eras ms
<
Mara era
Usted era
(b) Describ
The same forn
Llevaba ur
Juan tena
Usted era
(c) Saying
The verbal forr

Haba una
Haba cinc
(d) Rernem,
You use the ve
Exolanations
(a) Talking about
the past - gra?tl?txar refs 18 (i), (ii)

To say what you used to do in the past you use the imperfect form of the verb.
For all verbs which end in '-ar' the pattern is as follows:
all onself
I used to work in an office.

You used to work in a factory
Trabalaba en una oficina.

Traba..1abas en una lFbrica.
(familiar).
John used to work in a bank.
You used to work in a workshop
(polite).
Juan trabajaba en un banco

Usted trabajaba en un taller
For nearly all verbs which end in '-er' or '-ir' the pattern is as follows:
Viva en esta cal|e
Vivas cerca de Madrid'
I used to live in this street.

You used to live near Madrid
Paco viva en esta p|aza.

Usted viva en un piso.
Frank used to live in this square.

You used to live in a flat (polite).
(familiar).
The exception to this pattern is the irregular verb 'ser' (to be):
I used to be a waiter.
Era camarero.
Eras ms gordo.
Mara era dependienta
Usted era profesor.
You used to be fatter (familiar).

Mary used to be a shop assistant.
You used to be a teacher (polite).
(b) Describing hou things
Tpere -
grsnxnxar refs 18 (i), (ii)
The same form is used to describe things or people in the past:

She was wearing a blue suit.
John had fair hair.
You were tall and thin.
Llevaba un trale azul.

Juan tena el pe|o rubio.
Usted era alto y delgado
(c) Saying thot there uJas, rpere or used to be

The verbal form .haba' is used for both singular and plural:
Haba una zapateria en esta Ca||e. There used to be a shoe shop in this
Haba cinco seores en el
ternoon
bar.
street.
There were five gentlemen in the bar'
(d) Renternbering things - grarrr?nar ref
7 (io)
You use the verb 'acordarse', which changes its stem in the present
1QUE
tense: .
DESEABA?
243
--rr-No me acuerdo
(h) Irregult
I do not remember.
Do you remember? (familiar)
2Te acuerdasT
tr
If you state what you remember, this is joined to the verb with 'de':
2Se acuerda usted de su
nombreT Do
lba al mer
you remember his name? (polite)
(e) Saying that you do not either

'Tampoco' can be used either as a single word answer or with
No comprende. Yo tampoco.
2ou quera7 Tampoco |o s.
Usted iba
a verb:
He doesn't understand. Neither do L

What clid she want? I don't know
that either.
Ver
Vea |a
te|l
Veas a tu
(f) Uses of the pronoun 'le' - grarnrnar ref 5 (i)
Alfonso ve
'Le' can be used to refer to him:
No le veo.
2Adnde
Marta iba
I can't see him.
Usted Vea
It is also used to refer to 'you' (masc. sing.):

Le comprendo
seor'
perfectamente,
I understand you perfectly. sir.
(i) Referrin
s (i), (ii)
It is aiso used to express'to him, to her, to you':

I spoke to him in Spanish.
I told her my address.
I explained the problem to you.
Le hab| en espaol.
I
a Aiia mr ArrarriAn
Le exp|iqu e| prob|ema
Confusion rarely arise s because the sentence in which the pronoun occurs gives
its meaning.
Ah viene Paco' Ayer
pesetas.
|e
di
cien
Here comes Frank. Yesterday

gave him 100 pesetas.
In Chapter 8
direct object
o1
Me ve.
Te veo.
Le veo.
Le veo.
La veo.
La veo.
The indirect ol
as follows:
(g) Uses of the intperfect tense - gra?nttlar refs
18 (i), (ii)
The imperfect is used for one of three reasons:
To refer to repeated action in the past:

Nadaba en e| mar todos |os
das.
I used to swim in the sea every day.
To describe something or someone in the past:

Era alto y gordo y llevaba
gafas.
He was tall and fat and wore glasses.
To refer to an interrupted action in the past:

Juan esperaba e| autobs
cuando le vi.
John was waiting for the bus

when I saw him.
Me hab|'
Te dr_;e la v
Le di cien
Le habl a'
Le devo|v
You will noticr
and that confur

which person ir
Mire, seo
modelo?
If the confusior
(h) Irregular aerbs in the irnperfect - gra??x?nar ref 18 (ii)
liar)
lr
7.o go
I used to go to the markct on
lba a| mercado |os sbados.
ne? (polite)
Saturdays.
2Adnde ibas?
Marta iba al teatro los lunes.
Usted iba a Madrid,
J:
Jeither do I
L't l<now
2verdad?
Ver
Vea |a te|evisin todas |as
tardes.
Veas a tU novia todos |os
das.
Alfonso vea a su
ht.1o
|os
Usted vea |a te|evisin
y, sir.
martes.
mucho.
.s.here
were you going? (familiar) '

Martha used to go to the theatrc on
Mondays.
You were going to Madrid, weren't
you?
7b see
I used to watch television every
evenlng.
You used to see your girlfriend every

day (familiar).
Alphonse used to see his Son on

Tuesdays.
You used to watch television a lot

(polite).
(i) Referring to other people by using pronouns - grsTTlTrar refs

s (i), (ii)
In Chapter 8 you learned a range of pronouns used to refer to people as the
direct obiect of the verb. These were aS bllows:
) you.
occurs gives
:day I
He sees
Me ve.
Te
Le
Le
La
La
zze.
veo.
I seeyor; (familiar).
veo.
veo.
veo.
veo.
I seeloz (polite, masc.)

I seeyoz (polite, fem.).
I see him.
I see
her.
The indirect object pronouns are used to express 'to me', 'to you', etc. and are
as follows:
Me hab|.
Te dr.1e la verdad.
Le di cien pesetas
Le hab| ayer.
Le devolv |os documentos
ii)
vLrJ
ua]/.
rre glasses.
us
He spoke o me.
I told y,'ir the truth tfamiliar).
I gave 100 pesetas royozz (polite).
aver.
I spoke to him yesterday.

I returned the documents to her
yesterday.
You will notice that the pronoun 'le' expresses 'to him', 'to her' and 'to you'
and that confusion may arise. This rarely happens because the context tells you
which person is being referred to in the sentence:
Mire, seora. ZLe gUsta este
modelo?
Look, madam. Do yozr iike this

model?
If the confusion does arise, it is removed by adding short phrases after the verb:
1QUE
DESEAB?
245
-=-
r\
I gave 100 pesetas to !ou.

I told him my name.
Le di cien pesetas a usted.

Le dt.1e mi nombre a |'
Le devo|v los pape|es a e||a.
llLur
II rptrrrnpd
tl:,c nqner< tn hpr
indirect direct-
verb:
He gave them to me.
Me las dio.
Te lc exp|iqu.
Se lo pecli.
I explained it to you.
I asked him for it.
Exercises
.T
trl
( )
\
he key to these exercises begins on
Exercise
p.
333.
Dependiente: Brrenos das, seora. aQu deseaba?
(Say there uas a blouse in the window that ltou liked a lot, but it is not
there
now.)
Usted:
(Salt
era?
was red and ltellow.)
Dependiente: Y' 1dnde estaba exactamente?
Usted:
(Say it was on the right of the window .)

Dependiente: A ver si me acuerdo... ;Era de algodn o de lana?
Usted: (Say you think it'u)as cotton, and cost 10 000 pesetas.)
Dependiente: Ah, s, ahora me acuerdo, seora.
Now repeat the exercise, but try to obtain some grey shoes which were on the
left of the window and cost 8000 pesetas.
Dependiente: Buenos das. iQu deseaba?
Usted:
(Sajt there were some shoes in the window that 1ou liked a lot, but now thq)
are not there.)
Dependiente: ;Unos zapatos? 4De qu color eran?
Usted:
(Sa9 grey.)
Dependiente: Y, 2dnde estaban exactamente?
Usted:
(Salt on the left of the window.)

Dependiente: Y' ;cunto valan?
Usted: (Say 8000 Pesetas.)
buscaba.
(Say, a.
Recepcionista:
Usted: (Ask uh
Recepcionista:
Usted: (Ask uh
Recepcionista:
Usted:
Read or listen
not known.
Trying to obtain goods seeR Previously
Dependiente: ;{Jna blusa, seora? iCmo
Play the part of
Exercise
tense
Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; try to obtain the red
and yellow cotton blouse, seen earlier in the window.
Usted:
Recepcionista:
I gave it to him.
The order of the pronouns before the verb is invariably
appearance and
If two third person pronouns occur before the verb, 'le' changes to 'se':
Se lo di.
Exercise
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
ag
In the Puerta
There used t,
The best cak

Robert has n
He used to h
She was very
Every day Rc
They used to
r\ Exercise 4
Answer the follo

Example: 2Dnc
1 aDnde viv
2 2Dnde tra
3 tA qu hor
4 zA qu hor
{
J
6
t
8
9
l0
Lvvl
|]nrle rn
zA qu hor
Lvvl
aOu beb;
ZVea |a te|,
ZLe gustab,
Now repeat the
genuine answers
I\ r"e'.ise 2 Finding
out about a mysteious visitor
Play the part of Robert Robinson in the following dialogue; find out the basic
appearance and name of the visitor and what she wanted.
)r,
se':
Recepcionista: ;Seor Robinson! Haba una seorita aqu antes que le

buscaba.
(Say,
Usted:
rect- verb:
a 1.,oung
lady. Ask uhat she was like.)
Recepcionista: Era bastante alta, tena el pelo rubio y llevaba un traje azul.
Usted:
(Ask what her name uas.)

1o s, seor Robinson. No dijo su nombre.
Usted: (Ask tuhat she uanted.)
Recepcionista: Tampoco lo s.
Recepcionista: No
Exercise
tense
Understanding things described in the past
Read or listen again to Dialogue 3 and then mark the following as true, false or
not known.
l
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
tain the red
it is rtot there
O
were on the
but now they
In the Puerta del Sol a shoe shop has replaced a caf.

There used to be an old man in the square who sold newspapers.
The best cake shop in the city used to be in the square.
Robert has never lived in Madrid.
He used to have a Spanish girlfriend who lived in the square.
She was very tall and dark-haired.
Every day Robert came to meet her in the square.
They used to visit a caf in the square'
Exercise
Saying what you used to do
Answer the following questions, following the cues given.

Example: 2Dnde viva usted? {Madrid) Viva en Madrid.
l 1Dnde viva usted7 (Bi|bao)

2 2Dnde traba.'1aba Usted7 (En una oficina)
3 zA qu hora sa|a de casa por la maana?
4 zA qu hora ||egaba a |a oficina7 {9.l5)
5 2Dnde coma? (Un restaurante)
6 tA qu hora vo|va a casa? (5.30)
7 2Dnde cenaba? (En casa)
8 2Ou beba con |a cena7 (Vino)
9 2Vea Ia te|evisin por |a tarde? {S)
10 ZLe gustaban los programasT (Bastantel
(8.30}
Now repeat the exercise; imagine what your life was like ten years ago and give
genuine answers.
1QUE
DESEABA?
247
--"]( ) Exercise 5 Saying how things have changed

\
Examples: Ahora hay una zapatera aqu, pero antes ... {Un caf) Ahora hay
una Zapatera aqu, pero antes haba un caf' Ahora Juan es
mdico' pero hace seis aos ... (Estudiante) Ahora Juan es
mdico' pero hace seis aos era estudiante'
1
2
3
4
5
(\ )
Exercise
8
9
l0
for peop|e to be described
cuando le vi.
\x
\H
N
\rF
,ffi
2Escribi usted |a carta a su marido?

2Habl Usted en ing|s a| gua?
2Pag usted mi| pesetas aI camarero?
2Vendi usted e| coche a |a chica?
1Mand usted el paquete a su ht.1a?
Example: No lo comprendo. 2Lo comprende usted? Tampoco lo comprendo
No
No
No
No
No
lo s. 2Lo sabe usted?

lo quiero. 2Lo quiere usted?
me gusta. ZLe gusta a ustedT
lo veo. ilo ve usted?
lo oigo. ilo oye usted?
Exercise
Tatking about you youth
Answer the following questions, recalling your schooldays.
24B
MASTERING s-PlNIsI
t0
Example: Lea
Referring to people by using pronouns
Exercise 8 Saying that you dont either
ZLe gust
Exercise
saw him
Answer the following questions in the affirmative.

Example: 2Dio usted cien pesetas a Juan? S, |e di cien pesetas.
1
2
I
4
5
O
\
profesore
4Coma e
zEsrudiat
2Compra
aos?
Era alto y delgado.

Se llamaba Juan Gonz|ez.
Llevaba un tra,1e gris.
ouera su nmero de telfono.
Era ing|s.
Exercise
1
2
3
4
5
hay una farmacia en esta calle, pero antes ... (Un restaurante)
el espao| es fcil, pero hace tres meses ... (Difci|)
estoy libre, pero hace una hora ... (Ocupado)
hay un bar aqu, pero hace tres aos ... (Un teatro)
soy.;efe, pero hace unos cinco aos ... (Empleado)
Asking
24 qu h
2En qu
2Dorma
2Haca m
The following are the answers, but what were the questions?
Example: Era ba.;o y gordo. 1Cmo era?
1
2
3
4
5
(l
\
Ahora
Ahora
Ahora
Ahora
Ahora
2,{ qu h
aCmo it
--
r7lf;!.-./
\
-'\,!?
\
\
'
|t
Exercise t
Example: 2Dev
I
2
3
4
5
2Dijo usted
2Exp|ic us
2Mostr
us;
2Escribi u:
ZDio usted
qu hora iba usted a |a escuela?

2Cmo iba a |a escue|a?
24 qu hora ||egaba?
2En qu c|ase se aburra7
2,{
Ahora hay
ora JUan es
fra JUan
es
2Dormia en claseT
turante)
2Haca muchas preguntas a los
2Coma en |a escue|a?
ZEstudiaba por las tardesT
iCompraba cigarrillos en aquellos
profesoresT
8
9
aos7
2Le gustaba la escuelaT
t0
Exercise
saw him
Saying what someone was doing when you
Example: Lea el peridico
cuando le vi.
ffie
$_t
W$
:omprendo.
Exercise t
Saying that you did it yesterday
Example: 2Devo|vi usted |os documentos a Pablo? S' se |os devolv ayer'
1
2
3
4
5
2Dijo usted la direccin a Maria?

2Exp|ic usted el p|an a A|fredo?
ZMostr usted |a carta a Manue|7
2Escribi usted la Carta al seor Posada7
2Dio usted e| nmero de te|fono a mi secretaria?
1QUE
DESEABA?
249
-r--
comprende usted el espaol hab|ado?
4Tena ustr
iTomaba r
eleccion
2Ouin er;
4Visitaba u
[d
Mi abuela
Listen on the tape to a 'typical' grandmother talking about her earlier life and
then answer the questions in English.
I
Z
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
til
At what time did she get up?

What did she have for breakfast?
$here did she go at 6.30?
!7hat did she do there?
!7hat did she have for lunch?
At what time did she return home?
!hat did she have for dinner?
At what time did she go to bed?
!7ith whom did she share her bed?
lVerdad o n,
Mark the follor
Listen to the tape and answer the questions in English. You may need to look
up one or two key words if you cannot guess their meaning.
For example 'Monias' nuns.
$here did the woman live when she was fifteen vears old?
Where was the school she attended?
Who were the teachers at the school?
Name two of her leisure time activities.
$7hat else did she have to do?
.comPende usted e| espaol escrito?

(Reading exercises)
lQufantasrng!
Read the questions and answers and decide which 'ghostly' figure from Spanish
history is being interviewed?
iEn qu sig|o vivi
Usted7
1Dnde viva usted?

ZEra Usted el rey de Espaa7
250
MASTERING SPINISH
Rompeca
(Puzzles)
A los quince aos
l
2
3
4
5
2Cmo se
En el siglo veinte
En el Pardo en Madrid.
No, pero era muy importante en
na|tira csn,aola.
la
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
En e| ao
En 1936
En 1300
En 1950
En 1540
Gibraltar
Los ingles
Muchos tr
Los nortei
usted hat
2Tena usted enemigos7

2Tomaba usted parte en
eleccionesT
2ouin era sU mejor amigo?
2Visitaba Usted otros pases?
2Cmo se l|amaba usted?
S' mis peores enemigos eran |os

comunistas y los masones.
No' porque no haba e|ecciones.
La polica secreta.
No' nunca. Tena miedo de una

revo|ucin comunista en Espaa
???
3arlier life and
Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)
lVerdad o rnentira?
Mark the following statements true or false.
need to look
l En e| ao 850 |os moros ya estaLran en Espaa.

2 En l93 |os rusos tenan |a bomLra atmica.
3 En I 300 los ingleses comian patatas.
4 En l950 Franco era e| .;efe de| Estado espaol.
5 En |54o Madrid era |a capital de Espaa.
6 Gibraltar formaba parte del imperio britnico en 157o.
7 Los ingleses vean mucho la televisin en |os aos treinta.
8 Muchos turistas ing|eses visitaban Espaa en |os aos setenta.
9 Los norteamericanos iban a |a |una en |os aos Cuarenta.
10 Usted hab|aba bien e| espao| hace cinco aos.
from Spanish
rtante en la
1QUE
DESEABA?
251
---Juan:
S, me
Mara.. Bueno
2ou te pasa?
Juan:
Sickness and health
Dialogue 2
taza de t'
Gracias
Maria: S, ncl
The doctor arri
Doctor: aQu
-Juan: Me due
Doctor: Vamc
Juan: Anoche
Doctor: ;Era
Juan: Creo
qr
Doctor: No
se
gE,s grave,
maana y
)uan'.
tr
Gracias
Dialogue 3
Too much sun
Joan Robinson
chemist deals
Farmacutico:
Cliente: ;Tien
Farmacutico:
Cuatrocien.
CIiente: Aqu
Farmacutico:
Joan: iTiene
Farmacutico:
1A1go ms?
)oan:
S. Necr
Farmacutico:
)oan'. Deme u
Dialooues
Diatosue I
Mara Lpez goes to urge her husband to get up but finds he is not
Mara: ;Vamos, Juan,
wel1.
levntate! Son las ocho y veinte' Vas a llegar tarde a la
oficina.
Juan: ;Ay, Mara! No me siento bien.
Maria: 4Qu te pasa, cario?
Juan: Me duele ia cabeza y creo que tengo fiebre.
Mara: S, ests muy plido. iTe duele algo ms?
252 MSI,ERINGsPlNIs-H
FarmacUtico:
Tar
Joan: No.
Farmacutico:
pesetas
Joan:
e1 tr
Gracias
FarmacUtico:
cuenta ...
s(
Joan: Aqu tie

FarmaCUtiCo:
Juan.. S, me duele tambin el estmago.

Mara: Bueno. Voy a l1amar al mdico en seguida y luego tc voy
a hacer una
taza de t.
Juan:
Gracias. 4Quieres llamar tambin a la oficina?
Mara.. S, no te preocupes.
Diatogue 2
The doctor arrives and begins to examine Juan.
Doctor: .Qu le duele, seor Lpez?

Juan: Me duele la cabeza y me duele
Doctor: Vamos
a ver.
el estmago.
iQu comi ayer?
Juan: Anoche tom mer1uza y un flan.

Doctor: lEra fresca la merluza?
Juan: Creo que s. Mi mujer la compr
ayer en la pescadera dc 1a esquina.
lEs grave, doctor?

Doctor: I.{o se preocupe, seor Lpez. No
es nada' Qudese en la cama hasta
maana y tome esta medicina. Voy a venir a verle maana por la tardc.
Juan: Gracias, doctor.
Dialosue 3
Too much sun and a change of diet have also taken their toll of the Robinsons.
|oan Robinson calls at the chemist's - Ia farmacia - but has to wait as the
chemist deals with another customer.
Farmacutico: Buenos das. 4E'n qu puedo servirle?

Cliente: lTiene aigo para la tos?
Farmacutico: S, esto eS mu}r bueno. Vicks Frmula cuarenta y cuatro.
Cuatrocientas quince pesetas.
Cliente: Aqu tiene usted. Gracias.

Farmacutico: A usted, seor. Y usted, seora. iQu desea?
Joan:
2Tiene algo para el dolor
Farmacutico: S, seora. Esto
<1e
garganta?
es excelente. Cuatrocientas cincuenta pesetas.
;A1go ms?
Joan:
well.
ar tarde a la
S' Necesito algo para el dolor de cabeza' 2Qu recomienda usted?

FarmacUtico: OKAL eS muy bueno, seclra. Doscientas pesetas el paquete.
Joan: Deme un paquete de OI(AL, entonces.
Farmacutico: ;Eso es todo?
Joan: No. Tambin necesito algo para las quemaduras del sol'
FarmaCUtiCo: Esta crema es muv buena, seora. Seiscientas cincuenta
pesetas el tubo.
Joan.. Gracias. 4Cunto es todo?

Farmacutico: Cuatrocienta' cincuenta, ms doscientas, ms sciscicntas cincucnta '.. stln mil trcscientas pesetas' seora.
Adis.
Farmacutico: Adis, seora, y muchas gracias.
Joan: Aqu tiene usted.
:t)TfI] Tp_ DcA)
7q?
Ia taza
e| t
fresco/a/ost
|a pescader
grave/s
queoarse
la cama
la medicina
la tos
el dolor de
necesrtar
el dolor de
recomendar
las quemadr
ia crema
el tubo
Explani
(a) Medic
Chemists in
fumera'. H<
for many m
expense of
chemist's is
which tells
Doctors in S
- horas de
doctor on c
desk. In adc
La farmacia
ments
Vocabulary
levantarse
to get up
pasar
get up (familiar imperative)

to feel
I don't feel weli
to happen, be the matter
doler {ue)
me duele la cabeza
I've got a headache
IeVntate
sentirse (ie)
no me siento bien
2qu te pasa?
la fiebre
p|ido/a/os/as
e|
estmago
llamar
e| mdico
254
MASTERING SPINI.SH
what's the matter with you?(familiar)

to hurt
fever
pale
stomach
to call
doctor
cen
puestos de
medically qr
other countr
to hospital.
healthy by a
of alcohol; ir
and are accu
tE
(b) Sayini
The verb
yc
persons sing
la taza
el t
fresco/a/os/as
la pescaderia
grave/s
queoarse
qudese
la cama
la medicina
la tos
el dolor de garganta
necesrtar
el dolor de cabeza
recomendar {ie)
las quemaduras del sol
ta crema
el tubo
cup
tea
fresh
ish shop
serious, grave
to stay, remain
stay (polite imperative)

bed
medicine
cough
sore throat
to need
headache
to recommend
sunburn
cream
tube
Explanations
(a) Medicql aid
Chemists in Spain usually sell only medicines; for toilctries you go to 'la perfumera'. Flowever, chemists are particularly good at diagnosing and prescribing
for many minor illnesses and can oten save the incon'''enience and possible
expense of a visit to a doctor. If you require medicine urgently when ttre
chemist's is closed, you should look br a notice displayed outside all chemists
which tells you the chemist's shop which is
open
farmacia de guardta.
Doctors in Spain work as they do in most countries, with their consulting hours
- horas de consulta indicated outside their surgeries. Most hotels have a
doctor on call and, should you require one, you should ask at the reception
desk. In addition to the normal doctor's services there are emergency departments centros de urgencia - in most hospitals and roadside first-aid posts puestos de Socorro/puestos primeros auxilios - manned by doctors or other
medically qualified staff. Ambulances are less frequent in Spain than in some
other countries and it is often a taxi that takes a patient or road-accident victim
to hospital. The best advice to give anyone visiting another country is to keep
healthy by avoiding excesses of sun, sudden changes in diet or excessive intake
of alcohol; insure yourself against illness; and take with you any drugs you need
?(familiar)
and are accustomed to.
r4
(b) Saying hous you feel - grarnrnar refs 7 (io)
'8
The verb you use is 'sentirse', which changes in the first, second and third
persons singular as follows:
1QUE:rE
PASA?
2s5
2Cmo se Siente usted7

C Amn
a!v,
',v
:
a cinf<?
Me
Me
Me
Me
siento bien.
siento mal.
siento meJor.
siento peor.
No me siento bien.
How do you feel? (polite)

How do you feel? (familiar)
I
I
I
I
I
feel well.
(f) Ashins
You use ano'
feel ill.
2Tiene a
feel better.
feel worse.
don't feel well.
2Tiene a
Another wav to express this is to use the verb 'estar'. as follows:

aCmo est usted7
Estoy bien.
Estoy me.1or.
How are you?

I'm well.
I'm better.
caDezi
Or you can t
Necesitc
Necesitc
If you wish
t,
1ou rer
(c) Saying ushot hurts - grarn??xar ref
14
You use the verb 'doler', which behaves in exactly the same way as 'gustar'
and actually means'to hurt'. You need to use only two parts of the verb, the
third persons singular and plural:
Me duele el l:razc.
Me duele la mano.
A/le rlr rclc l.a niern3.
'.'t.'.'''
Me duele la cabeza.
My arm hurts. (My arm hurts me.)

My hand hurts.
My leg hurts.
I've got a headache. (My head hurts
me.)
If what hurts is plural the form chanses to 'duelen':
Me duelen los o-1os

Me duelen los pies.
My eyes hurt
My feet hurt.
(d) Asking ushat hurts - gra?wnar ref
2ou pa
Wha
You make th
2Ou te
Wha
2ou |e
\wha
The same ve
W'hat's hurting you?
and to a stranger:
1ou le duele7
You can ask
(h) Ashinl
14
Ifyou speak to a friend you ask:

2Ou te due|e7
(g) Ashinl
$7hat's hurting you?
2Cmo
2Cmo
1ou |e
iOu |e
You answer
(e) Another u)sy of saying ushat hurts

You can also use the verb 'tener' to say what is hurting:
Tenna
Tengo
Tengo
Tengo
256
rlolar
r1e cabeza.
do|or de estmago.
fiebre.
un resfriado.
MASTERING.SPINIS/1
I've
I've
I've
I've
got
got
got
got
a headache.
a stomach-ache.
a fever.
a cold.
A mi hr,1r
A mi abr
Mi maric
No le
pe
(f) Asking for things in the chenst's _ gra?n?nar ref 7 (ia)

You use another part of the verb 'tener' to ask for, for example, medicines:
Have you got something for a
headache?
Have you got something for
diarrhoea?
iTiene algo para el dolor de

cabeza?
2Tiene algo para la diarrea?
Or you can use the verb 'necesitar':
I need something for a cough.

Necesito algo para la tos.
Necesito algo para el dolor de o.1os. I need something for sore eyes.
If you wish to know what the chemist recommends you ask:
What do vou recommend?
2ou recomienda usted7

as 'gustar'
. *'4"1thvrrvt
LrrL
!
Lrts
me.)
(g) Asking u:hat is the ntqttey
_ gra?Lr?Lar
re 5 (ii)
You can ask what is happening (or the matter) by using the verb 'pasar':
2ou pasa7
What's happening? (S7hat's the matter?)
You make this a personal question by adding a pronoun:
ead hurts
2ou te pasa?
What's the matter with you? (familiar)
2Ou |e pasa?
$7hat's the matter with you? (polite)
(h) Ashing hous other people feel

The same verbs are used, and the person referred to is placed after the verb:
2Cmo se siente su marido7
2Cmo est sU hUo?
2ou |e pasa a su mu.1er?
2ou |e duele a su madre7
How does your husband feel?

How is your son?
What's the matter with your wi?
$7hat's hurting your mother?
You answer such enquiries in a similar fashion:

A mi hr.;o le duele el brazo
A mi abuela le duelen los o.;os.
Mi marido no se siente bien.
No le pasa nada a mi muyer.
My son's arm hurts.

My grandmother's eyes are hurting.
My husband does not feel well.
There's nothing the matter with my

wife.
1QUE TE
PASA?
257
(i) Saying that other people ore ill

The verbs used are once again similar, and the person referred to is simply
named:
My wife is ill.
My husband has a headache.
My son has a stomach-ache.
Mi mujer est enferma'

Mi marido tiene dolor de cabeza.
Mi ht.;o tiene do|or de estmago.
(j) Ashing if sornething
is
Exercise
Play the par

sore throat,
fresh
The adjective 'fresco' is used to express generally the idea of something (or
someone) being fresh:
Farmacuti,
Usted: (A
Farmacuti'
1Es fresca la merluza?

Trigame agua fresca'
;ou fresco es ese seor|
Hace fresco aqu'
Is the hake fresh?
Bring me some cool water.

$hat a fresh man he is!
It's fresh (cool) here.
;Algo n
Usted:
(s,
Farmacutir
Usred: (s,
Farmacutir
Usred: (s,
Farmacuti
Exercises
a
Doctor: V
Usred: (S,
Doctor: aI
Usted: (S,
pesetas
The key to these exercises begins on
p.
I l<fa.l.
335.
/ q,
\v(
Exercise
Exercise
Tell the
Saying that you are unwell
Play the part of Juan Lpez in the following dialogue; complain that you feel
unwell, have a headache, a fever and a stomach-ache.
Mara: ;Vamos, Juan,
do<
Examples:
levntate! Son las ocho y veinte. Vas a llegar tarde a la
oficina.
Usted: (Tell Mara you do not feel well')

Mara: ;Qu te pasa, cario?
Usted: (Say you have a headache and think you haz,te a fe'uer.)
Mara: S, ests muy plido. ;Te duele algo ms?
Usted: (Sayyes, you haae a stomach-ache as uell.)
Mara: Bueno. Voy a llamar al mdico en seguida y luego te voy
a hacer una
taza de t.
Exercise 2 Tlling the docto how you feel

Play the part Juan Lpez in the following dialogue; tell the doctor you have a
headache and a stomach-ache and that you ate hake and caramel custard last
night.
Doctor: ;Qu le duele, seor Lpez?

Usted: (Sa1t yu haz;e a headache and
258
MASTERING SPINIS/1
a stontach-ache.)
2ou |e
1au E
1Ou le
2ou |e
iOu |e
Doctor: Vamos a ver. 4Qu comi

Usted: (Say last night you ate hake
Usted: (Say you think so.)
r is simply
Exercise
3 Obtaining
ayer?
and a caramel custard.)
medicine at the chemistS
Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; obtain medicines for
sore throat, headache and sunburn.
Lething (or
Farmacutico: Y usted, seora. ;Qu desea?
Usted:
(Ask i he has something;t'or a sore throat.)

es excelente. Cuatrocientas cincuenta pesetas.
Farmacutico: S, seora. E.sto

iAlgo ms?
Usted:
(Sag yes you need something for a headache. IIrhat does he recornmend?)
Farmacutico: OKAL es muy bueno, seora. Doscientas pesetas el paquete'
Usted: (Sa1t giue me a packet of OI{AL, then.)
Farmacutico: ;Eso es todo?
Usted: (Say no. You also need something;t'or sunbum.)
Farmacutico: Esta crema eS muy buena, seora. Seiscientas cincuenta

pesetas ei tubo.
(Sa1t thank 1ou. Ask how much it all is.)
Usted:
Exercise 4 Saying what hurts - t

Tell the doctor what is hurtins vou.
at you feel
E'xamples: 2ou le due|e?
Me duele la cabeza
2Ou le due|e7
Me duelen los pies.
' tarde a la
hacer una
/ou have a
ustard last
2ou |e due|e?
2au le duele?
1au |e duele?
2au |e duele7
zOu |e due|e?
QUTE
PASA?
259
--
Exercise
Saying what hurts
-2
Tell the doctor what is hurting you.

Example: Tengo dolor de cabeza.
Exercise
Example:
I
2
3
4
5
F:
Wife.
Son.
Daughtr
Husban,
Father.
Exercise
Example: Fr
t-,
\
Exercise
obtaining
medicines at the chemistS.
Ask for medicines. Example: Headache. iTiene algo para el dolor de cabezaT
1
2
3
4
5
(\ )
I Sore throat.
2 A cold.
3 Diarrhoea.
4 A cough.
5 Stomach-ache.
Exercise 7 Obtaining medicines at the chemistS - 2

Example: Cough. Necesito algo para la tos
1 Diarrhoea.
2 Sore feet.
3 Sunburn.
4 A cold.
5 Stomach-ache.
Exercise 8 Explaining how you feel

Example: 2Cmo se siente7 (Well.) Me siento bien.
l
2
3
4
5
Il1.
Better.
W'orse.
Well.
Not well.
260
MASTERING S?IN1S1
Son/bett
Daughte
Husbanr
Father/v
Exercise
Example:
I
2
3
4
5
Wife/ill.
'
S<
Wife/hee
Husban<
Grandm
Daughte
Friend/p
Exercise
'
Example: G
1
2
3
4
Son/ston
trriend/fr
Husbanc
Wife/hea
E
V
Exercise
Son.
Daughter.
Husband.
Father.
Saying how othes feel
Example: Friend/well. Mi amigo se siente bien.

Wife/ill.
Sobetter.
Daughter/worse.
Husband/not well.
Father/well.
Exercise l t
Giving Pecise detai|s .
Example: Son/stomach-ache. A mi hil'o le duele el estmago.
1
2
3
4
5
tJ
\
Wife.
Exercise
1
2
3
4
5
) cabeza?
how others feel
E'xample: Friend. 2Cmo est su amigo?
1
2
3
4
5
9 Asking
\X/ife/headache.
Husband/sore throat.
Grandmother/sorefeet.
Daughter/painfulleg.
Friend/painful eyes.
Exercise
Giving precise details - 2
Example: Grandmother/headache. Mi abuela tiene dolor de cabeza.
I
2
3
4
Son/stomach-ache.
Friend/fever.
Husband/cold.
Wife/headache.
1QUE TE
PASA?
261
-_
.comPende usted el espaol habla do?

m itc"-p'
(Reading
ex
lSocorro!
You are in
paper and d
Urgencias
Madrid (91): Cruz

237 39 00. La Paz:
[4
ge: 336 34
2ll94
En lq consultq del ntdiccl

Listen to the tape of people talking to the doctor and indicate on rhe pin-people
what is wrons with them.
3
4
5
6
7
8
l. V. Ht
vet: 35 57 00. Cl
Trfrco: 742
3,l
Guardia Civil:458
The man fcels:

(a) ghastll (b) slightly ill 1c; laint
He has:
(a) a headache and a sore arm (b) a headache and a Sore
07 92. Ayuda del Aur
thrnqt .]
What has he been doing fiequently? (You wiil need to look up some key
words such as 'estornudar'.)
(a) being sick (b) feeling faint (c) sneezing
He does not know what 'la fiebre del heno' is. It is:
(a) hayver (b) influenza (c) sunburn
He is advised to take an aspirin:
(a) every two hours (b) with every meal (c) every four hours
He should see the doctor:
(a) within a tw days (b) the next day (c) if he does not improve
MASTERINGS'PINIS1
vilista, S. A. (ADA)
100 899-519 33 0(
tron Asistencia: 5
14. FiaLancia Ass

ce: 519 16 16. Eurc
sistance: 5972125.
bad cough and a fever

He began to f-eel ill:
(a) this morning (b) yc:tcrda mtl1ping (ct yesterday evening
Does an1'thing else hurt him?
(a) no (b) his shoulder (la espalda) (c) his arm (el brazo)
262
Tele-Ruta: 742 li
Ayuda en caretera
Listen to the tapc and select the crtrrect answer from the ones supplied.
54. Hospital
co: 323 14 14. Sanr

235 55 55. Bilbao (9
S. Cruces:409 3l 0(
lencia (96): La Fe
6011. Zaragoza (9
Residencia Miguel
331 71 00.
En lg consulta del tndico
00. Cardiologa: 2.
04. Ciudad Univel
(Urg. S. S.): 408 5
Barcelona (93): B
2
3
4
5
You
You
You
You
You
havr
wan
neer
wist
wisl
;Comprende usted e| espao| escrito?

(Reading exercises)
lSocorro!
You are in Spain. Look at this .Te|fonos ti|es' from a national daily newspaper and decide which number you would ring for the following emergencies.
Urgencias
mdicas:
Madrid (91): Cruz Roja:
237 39 00. LaPaz: 734 26

00. Cardiologa: 243 78
04. Ciudad Universitaria

(Urg. S. S.): 408 55 30.
Barcelona (93): Bellvitge 336 34 5 l. V. Hebrn:
pin-people
2|1 94 54. Hospital Cini.

co: 323 14 14. Sant Pau:
235 55 55. Bilbao (94): R.
S. Cruces: 409 3l 00. Valencia (96): La Fe: 340
6011. Zaragoza (976 ):

Residencia Miguel Servet: 35 57 00. Clnico:
337 17 00.
Trficoz 742
3|
Guardia Civil: 458 6
12.
26.
13.
en carretera: 455
Tele-Ruta:742 12
Ayuda
07 92. Ayuda del Automo-
vilista, S. A. (ADA): 900

100 899-519 33 00. Citroen Asistencia: 519 13
14. FiaLancia Assistan.
ce: 519 16 16. Europ as-
:d.
sistance: 5977125.
oat (c)
Alquiler de
coches:
Avis: Madnd: (91) 247 Z0
48. Barcelona:(93) 308 99
99. Hertz: Madrid:
(91)
542 l0 00. Barcelona: (93)

237 37 37. Ital: Madrid:
(91) 401 75 10. Bmcelona:
(93) 201 21 99.
Mensajeros: Madrid:
(91) 214 38 01. Barcelona:
(93) 423 0 90. Bilbao:
(94) 433 76 08. Valencia:
(9) 366 27 54. Sevilla:

(9s4) 62 s2 rl.
Radio Taxi:
Madrid:
(91) 247 82 00. Bilbao:

(94) 443 52 00. Barcelona:
(93) 300 38 11. Valencia:
(96) 370 32 04. Zaragoza:
(976) 42 42 42. Sevilla:

(9s) 4s8 00 00.
Inforiberia:
(91)
4ll
Madrid:
25 45. Bilbao:
(94) 424 43 00. Barcelona:

(93) 325 43 04. Valencia:
(96) 351 97 37. Zuagoza:
(976) 32 62 62. Sevilla:

(9s) 422 89 0t.
Tarjetas de crdito:
Prdidas: Madrid (9l). Vi.

sa: 435 24 45. Diners: 247
40 00. American Express:
459 90 09. Eurocard: 435
24 45.
Vallecas-Medioda: 203 l l
Servicios mdicos: Am.

bulmcias mmicipales: 588
Bomberos: 080.
48.
Seguridad: Polica Na-
cional: 09l. Polica Mmicipal: 092. Guardia Civil
oe lralco: 4)t /t
Madrid
44 00. Centro de Quemados

de la Cru Roja: 244 52 07.
Intoxicaciones: 262 04 20.

oxigenoteapia: 7u 33 76'
Transfi.rsiones: 261 75 05.
Centro de drogadictos: 430
60 77.
Casas de Socorro: Arganzuela-Villaverde: 269

l4 63. Carabanchel-Latina:
4647632,471 07 5l y 462
84 19. Centro: 2Zl 00 25.
uu
Comisarias: Arganzue-
la:227 19 5S.Barajas: 205

43 00. Buenavista: 401 70
13' Carabanchel: 41
89
33. Centro: 521 04 11.
Chamartn: 4|5 96 12'

Chamber:4l9 88 07. En.
trevas: 785 90 14. Esta.
cin de Atocha: 22.7 46 27 .
Estacin de Chamartn:
315 9l 16. FuencanalBarrio del Filar 730 26

l.
Chamartn-Teturrr: 279 12
23. El Pardo: '736 07 54.
Latina'.265 08 27. Medio-
01. La Estrella: 772 29 7
207 00 26.
Cortes: 429 09 94. San

Blas: 206 58 40' Tetun:
315 54 06. Universidad:
241 15 29. Usera: 217 29
45. Vallecas: 477 54 96.
dia:791 27 44. Moncloa:

Retiro-
Moratalz: 420 03 56. Salamanca: 255 52 18. San
Blas-Horlaleza: 206 33 06.

Universidad: 446 26 75.
Latina: 247
79 16.
Los
Cmenes: 711 00 15. Medioda: 468 53 53. Retiro-
a
I
t
4
some key
You
You
You
You
You
have lost your VISA card.

want to hire a car from HERTZ in Madrid.
need a taxi in Bilbao.

wish to report a theft to the Municipal Police.
wish to enquire about a friend who is in the Clinic tnZaragoza.
QUE TE
PASA?
263
--
Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)
Can you unscramble thc parts of the body set in bold? Take care - the article
'el, la, los, las' is included. (You may need to use the Supplementary
Vocabulary List No. 14.)
I Me duele mucho acfezaba.

2 A Paco le duelen jolosos.
3 Me duelen zasrolbos.
4 A mi hr.1o le duele dolede.
5 lTe duelen nosafmas?
Me due|e mucho locaba'
7 A Marta le duelen sislope.
8 A mi hr.1a le duelen sernipsala.
9 Me duele bastante zalrain.
I0
2Le duele areloja?
En
l=Diatoou
l-
Diatogue
Joan Robins
Gran Va in
Guardia: I
Joan:
Esta
-, .^-Ai^.
\JUcll
Ulcl.
Joan: Cog
Guardia. 1
Joan: Era
queta n(
Guardia:
Joan: Mu<
Guardia.
Joan: Hac
Guardia:
Joan: S, s
Guardia. I
cheques
le trajo
Joan:
Mur
Guardia:
son tan
Dialogue
It's a bad
knocked do'
Transeunte.
264 MASTERINGsPlNISI'
lSocoro!
:he article
.ementary
Emergencies
Dialooues
Dialogue
joan Robinson has her handbag snatched from her whilst she is shopping in the
GranVa in Madrid. She goes to the police station la comisara.
Guardia: Buenas tardes, seora' ;En
qu puedo ayudarla?
Estaba de compras en la Gran Va y un joven me rob.
Guardia: 1Qu rob exactamente, seora?
Joan: Cogi mi bolso y se fue corriendo.
Joan:
Guardia: iCmo
era el joven?
Joan; Era bastante bajo, tena ei pelo moreno muy largo y llevaba una chaqueta negra y pantalones grises.
Guardia: ;Qu haba en el bolso?
Joan: Muchas cosas. Mi pasaporte, mi dinero, mis cheques de viajero ...
Guardia. ;Cundo
pas todo esto?
Joan: Hace media hora o as.

Guardia: Entonces usted es la seora Robinson, iverdad?
Joan' S, soy la seora Robinson pero, ;cmo 1o sabe usted?
Guardia: El joven entr en un banco de la Gran Va y trat de cambiar sus
cheques de viajero. El guardia que estaba de servicio en el banco le cogi y
le trajo aqu. Y aqu est su bolso, seora.
Joan:
Muchisimasgracias.
Guardia; De nada, seora. Tiene usted mucha
Suerte. Todos los ladrones no
son tan tontos como ese.
Dialogue 2
It's a bad day for the Robinson. Mr Robinson hurries across a road and is
knocked down by a car. A crowd gathers.
Transente: 1Dios mo! ;Est muerto?
;SOCORRO/ 265
"{
;s
# ;*
,,ri.'
$.i
rB ,:ff
i$;n;$ "
Mu1er: N
Robert: i
Transentr
Robert: )
Mu-1er: iI
s ffiM
qAdn
{;
Robert:
..:.''
wse
'ir" d
Mu..1er:
Diatogue
All
the pro
the hospita
a er'v davs
Tuan Lpe:
Maria:
Robert:
JUAN.
266 tllSTElllNG
Robert;
Maria:
S17,VL\'H
iI
Robert: S
Mu.ier: 1(
Robert: t
Mu;er: N
pital. I
La Gran Va
Transentr
/n
(L,l
T
T)-
t
$..
"$st
&
& I
ffi
Ct*fiolalspairoh
4lJ/r]n'd ld.} 1l.0[i
&w
&B
:&b
La ambulancia
ii
Mu-;er: No, no est muerto' pero est herido. ;Dnde le duele, seor?
Robert: 1Ay, la pierna! Me duele horriblemente 1a pierna.
Transente: 4E'st rota ia pierna?
Robert; No, no est rota porque la puedo mover' pero me duele mucho.
Mu.1er: ;Llame la ambulancia! No Se preocupe, Seor, no ser nada serio.
;Adnde iba cuando le atropell el coche?
Robert' Iba al Hotel Bristol. ;Dnde est el conductor del coche?
Transente: El coche no par, seor.
Mu.1er: il'e espera alguien en el Hotel Bristol?
Robert: S. Mi mujer.
iCri66 se llama su mu jer?
Rol]ert: La seora Robinson.
Mujer: No se preocupe, seor. Voy a llamar
pital. Ah' ah viene la ambulancia'
Mu..ler:
al hotel y decirle que vaya
a1
hos-
Diatosue 3
Al1 the problems are finally resolved. Joan Robinson has her handbag back and
the hospital finds that Mr Robinson has only extensive bruising to the leg. After
a few days they can continue their holiday and go to the airport. Mara and
Juan Lpez are there to See them off.
Mara: ;A qu hora sale el vuelo para Sevilla?

Robert; Sale a las docc y veinte.
Juan'
;Cunto tiempo vas
a pasar en Sevilla?
Robert: Unos quince das. Tengo que volver a mi trabajo pronto.

Maria: Pero va a venir a Vernos otra vez e] ao oue viene. ;vcrdad?
/.S(Xl()RR( ).t 267
Joan: Claro. lPero no vais vosotros

Mara: Espero que si.
venir
a vernos a
estar roto,
zesta rota
York?
mover (ue
la ambula
A|tavoz: E'l vuelo de Iberia nmero |21 para Sevilla va a salir dentro de breves
momentos. Seores pasajeros, a la puerta l2, por favor.
Robert: E.s nuestro vuelo. Adis, Juan. Adis, Mara, y gracias por todo.
Joan: Adis' Mara. Adis' Juan.
preocupar
no se pre(
IT
Juan:
Recuerdos a vuestros hijos, y hasta el ao que viene.

Robert: Eso es. Hasta el ao oue viene.
2adnde i
atropellar
el conduc
parar
alguien
que vaya
el vuelo
qulnce d;
Vocabulary
el guardia
la comisara
ayuaar
2en qu puedo ayudar|e/|a?
estar de compras
estaba de compras
|a Gran Va
roDar
rse
se fue corriendo
I
/- /^- /-ud.Jul
^-i^ dl u>/ d)
el pelo
moreno/a/os/as
largo/a/os/as
|nC n2nt2|^n(
o asl
tratar de
trat de cambiar
estar de servicio
estaba de servicio
traer
le traJo
muchsimas gracias
tener suerte (ie)
tiene usted suerte
el |adrn
Ian ... como

tonto/a/os/as
iDios mo|
estar muerto /a/os/as
.est mUerto7
estar herido/a/os/as
est herido
la pierna
horriblemente
268 MASTERINGSPINIS'I
policeman
police station
to help
how can I help you?
to be shopping
I was shopping
main shopping street in Madrid
to rob, steal
to go away
he ran off (went away running)
small, low
hair
dark (of hair)
long
trousers
or about that
to try to
he tried to change
to be on duty
he was on duty
to bring
he brought him
very many thanks
to be lucky
you're lucky
thief
so ... as, as ... as
stupid, foolish
my God!
to be dead
is he dead?
to be injured
he's injured
ieg
horribly
n05
espero qu
dentro de
el pasa.ler<
gracias pc
nUeStfo/a/
recueroos
Explar
(a) Sayi
g'raTnnla
\X/hat was
the preteri
IYhat z
Estaba
Iwa
2Adn
Whe
(b) An it
The verb 'i

lba al
2Adn
Juan
Usted
it
estar rotola/os/as
to be broken
is his leg broken?
Zest rota |a pierna7

de breves
rdo.
mover
to move
ambulance
(ue)
la ambulancia
preocuparse
no se preocupe
to worry
don't worry
to go
where were you going?
to run over
tr
2adnde iba?
atropellar
el conductor
parar
alguien
que vaya
el vuelo
quince das
driver
to stop
someone
that she should go
nos
espero que si
dentro de breves momentos
el pasa,lero,/la pasa,lera
rid
o)
gracias por todo

nuestro/a/os/as
flight
a fortnight
us (direct object pronoun)
I hope so
shortly
passenger
thanks for everything
our
recuerooS a
give my regards to
Explanations
(a) Saying ushot zaas going on zt;hen sontething else happened gl a?nnxar ref 18 (ii)
What was going on is expressed by the imperfect tense and what happened by
the preterite:
II/hat was going on?
...
IY/hat happened?
Estaba de compras ..'y Un.JoVen me rob.

I was shopping ... and a young man robbed me.
2Adnde iba ... cuando |e atropel| e| coche7
$here were you going '.. when the car knocked you down?
(b) An irregular imperfect - gran?t?xar ref 18 (ii)

The verb 'ir' (to go) is irregular in the imperfect:
lba al cine.
2Adnde ibas7
Juan iba al mercado.
Usted se iba a la cama
I was going to the cinema.

Where were you going? (familiar)
John was going to the market.
You were going tct bed (polite).
;SOCORRO/ 269
(c) The aerb ,ir' (to go) used in a reflexiae o,,n
Mi mar
Este rel
.of and you need

By making the verb reflexive you add the idea of .away' or
not state where the person is going:
I'm going to the cinema.

I'm off.
The young man went to the bank.
The young man went away.
Voy al cine.
Me voy.
Eljoven fue al banco

El joven se fue.
(h) Refet
(i), (ii)
'Nos' is the
Nos mi
Nos da
By adding 'corriendo'you say how he went away:

El
joven se fue corriendo
The young man ran off (went away
(d) An irregular preterite - gra?rl??tsr ref 16
ZoU traJiste7
Paco tra.1o a su hermano.
(it:)
()
\7hat did you bring?

Frank brought his brother.
This form does not exist in English and the nearest English gets to it is to say
'very, very + adjective':
That girl is pretty.

That girl is very pretty.
That girl is very, very pretty.
'-isimo/a/os/as'is added to the adiective and agrees with the noun:

Muchsimas gracias
(fl Cornparing things
ref 2 (z:i)
Mi abuelo est muerto'
270
MASTERING S-PINISH
(j) Sayin,
You simply
La sem,
E|
ao
In spoken 5
doing. It is
'-ar'verbs t.
gra??x??Lar
I'm as tall as you.

This one is as expensive as the other
so?rleo??.e
A las dr
2ou e
JUan
e5
2ou e
is dead, T,rounded' etc. -
You use the verb 'estar' because you are describing a state which results from
- that is, someone dies and
Nuestr<
price, etc. -
one.
an action
Nuestr,
(h) The i
You olace 'tan' before the adiective and 'como' after it:
(g) Saying thqt sornething or

grarrtrnar ref 8
is
Very many thanks.

oJ equal size,
Soy tan alto como usted.

Este es tan caro como el otro
Sayin,
'Nuestro'
I brought many things to Spain.
(e) Expressing the absolute supeilatirse - grq?7r?vrar ref 2 (iii)
Esa chica es guapa.

Esa chica es muy guapa.
Esa chica es guapsima.
Viene;
The verb 'traer' (to bring) is irregular in the preterite:

Tra.ie muchas cosas a Espaa
Pronouns
running).
is then dead:
My grandfather is dead.
This form
2Adnc
Mi marido est herido

Este re|oj est roto.
you need
(h) Referring
(i), (ii)
to
My husband is injured.
This watch is broken.
yourselaes using pronou?ts - gra?wtlar refs 5
'Nos' is the pronoun used to express 'us':
bank.
Nos mira.
Nos da dinero.
lt away
He looks at us.
He gives us money.
Pronouns are placed on the end of an infinitive of

Viene a
vernos.
(i) Saying that sarnething belongs
a verb:
He's comins to see us.

to
you - gratn?tlar ref 2
(iz:)
'Nuestro' is used to express 'our':

aln.
Nuestra casa est en M|aga.

Nuestros h1os estn en Londres
Our house is in Malaga.

Our children are in London.
(j) Saying'next'
(iii)
is to say
You simply add 'que viene' after the expression of time:

La semana que viene.
E|
(k)
ao que viene.
T:he
Next week.
Next year.
irnperfect continuous tense - gra??L?ttar ref 19
In spoken Spanish the imperfect continuous is often used to say what you were
doing. It is formed from the imperfect of 'estar' and the present participle. For
'-ar' verbs this ends in '-ando' and for other verbs in '-iendo':
A las doce estaba traba.iando.

2ou estabas haciendo a |as tres?
he other
etc.
At
12 o'clock I was working.

$hat were you doing at 3 o'clock?
(familiar)
Juan estaba escribiendo una carta. John was writing a letter.

What were you reading? (polite)
2ou estaba usted leyendo7
This form of the verb is not used with the verb 'ir' (to go):
2Adnde iba
usted?
Where were you going?
ults from
lSOCORRO!
271
Y
(l) Other adjectiaes u:hich require the uerb 'ester' - gra??r?nar
ref 8
Some of these adjectives have been used in earlier chapters but many are new:
Estoy aburrido.
Mi mu.;er est Cansada.
2Est abierto e| bar?
Las tiendas estn Cerradas.
Le estoy muy agradecido.
4Est usted casada?
Creo que est bebido
Mi ht1o est dormido.
ZEst escrito en ing|s7
Est prohibido fumar'
Est permitido baiIar'
Mi marido est Sentado en
terraza.
I'm bored.
Is the bar open?

The shops are shut.
I'm very grateful to you.
Are you married?

I think he's drunk.
My son is asleep.
|: cnn: e<t fra
E| caf est caliente.
Estoy enfermo.
E| taxi est |ibre'
Siempre est triste.
Is it written in English?
Smoking is prohibited.
Dancing is allowed.
(Sr
Usted:
(Sc
Read or list
English.
I When dr
2 How lon
3 Will the,
4 $7hat do
5 \X/hen is
O
rnan robbed 1ou.)
hair, and was wearing a black
Exercise
Example: 2l
1
2
3
1
5
Play the part of Joan Robinson in the following dialogue; say you were shopping
when a young man snatched your handbag and ran off.
272 MAST'ERING SPANISH
Usted:
Exercise
Saying what happened
jacket and grey tousers.)
pa
Transente:
The soup is cold.

The coffee is hot.
I am iil.
The taxi is free.
He is always sad.
Exercise 2 Describing the assailant

Guarda' ;Cmo era el joven?
Usted; (Sa9 he was;t'airl1t short, had uery long dark
Play the
Mu.1er: 1D
My husband is sitting on the terrace.
Guardia' Buenas tardes, seora. 1En qu puedo ayudarla?

Usted: (Sa1l 1lou were shopping in the Gran Va and a 1oung
Guardia. ;Qu rob exactamente, seora?
Usted: (Sa1t he grabbed your handbag and ran away.)
a)
\
Exercise
broken bece
Exercise I
Guardia.
Usted. (S,
Guardia:
Usred: (s,
Exercises
a
Play the pa
when it hap
My wife is tired.
la
Exercise
2Adndt
iAdndt
2Adndt
2Adnde
2Adnde
Exercise
Example: 1E
I
2
3
4
5
aEs tont(
2Es guap
2Es caro
2Es fcil
2Es simp
Exercise 3 Describing what was stolen
WI??TAT
Play the part of Joan Robinson; describe the contents of the handbag, and say
'are new:
when it happened.
Guardia: ;Qu haba en el bolso?

Usted: (Say many things' Your passpo|' your
Guardia: ;Cuando pas todo esto?
Usted: (Sa1t about haf an hour ago.)
monej)
your tratleller,s
cheques ...)
Exercise 4 Saying what has happened to you

Play the part of Robert Robinson; say that your leg hurts badly but is not
broken because you can move it.
Mu.ier: 4Dnde le duele, seor?

le terrace
Usted:
(Say your leg. Your leg hurts horibly.)
Usted:
(Say no, it's not broken because you can
Transente: iEst rota la pierna?
Exercise
mo"L)e
it, but it hurts you a lot.)
Have you understood?
Read or listen again to Dialogue 3 and then ansv,/er the following questions in
English.
I
2
3
4
5
o\
e shopping
zd
1tou.)
When does the Robinson's flight leave?

How long will they stay in Seville?
\)ill they return to Spain next year?
\X/hat does Mara hope to do?
\When is the flight going to leave?
Exercise
Saying where you wee going
E'xample: 2Adnde iba usted7 (Cinema) |ba al cine'
1
2
3
4
5
2Adnde iba usted7 (Poiice Station)

2Adnde ibra usted7 (Hotel)
2Adnde iba usted? (Market)
2Adnde iba usted7 (Discotheque)
,Adnde iba usted7 (Factory)
Exercise
Saying that something or someone is vey, vey ...
Example: 2Es barata

'ng a black
I
2
3
4
5
|a
comida? S' es baratsima'
2Es tonto ese hombreT

2Es guapa su mu1er?
2Es caro ese hotel?
2Es fcil el
espaol?
1Es simptica esa seora?
ISOCORRO/ 273
Exercise 8 Mal<ing comparisons

E.xample: EI espao|,z1'ci|,zel ingls. EI espaoI es tan fciI como el lng|s'
I
2
3
4
5
E| vino/bueno,/e|
coac.
4
5
Toledo/interesante/Segovla.
Este broche/caroleste collar.
Este hombre,/tonto/mi marido.
O
are
Example: 2Dnde est su hotel? (Near the centre) Nuestro hote| est cerca
del centro.
1 iDnde
2 2Dnde
3 1Dnde
4 1Dnde
5 1Dnde
estn sus ma|etas? (In the room)

est su h1a7 (At home)
estn sus padres7 (In the hotel)
est sU coche? (In the Street)
est sU casa7 (In the north of England)
Exercise
etc,
2Cundo
1Cundo
2Cundo
1Cundo
2Cundo
Exercise
Example:
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
S<
Daugh
$atch/
Wife/br
Shops/,
Husbar
Smokir
Dancin
Bar/clo
This gr
This la
Saying you will do it next week, month, yea,
Example: 2Cundo va usted a visitar Segovia7 (Next week) Voy a visitar

Segovia la semana que viene.
1
2
3
4
5
2ou es
2Ou es
2ou es
4ou es
El Hote| Bristo|/baratole| Hote| Esoaa.
( ) Exercise 9 Saying where things

\
2Ou es
va usted a volver a lng|aterra7 (Next month)

Va Usted a a|qui|ar el coche7 (Next Tuesday)
va usted a Comprar los regalos? (Next Friday)
va usted a marcharse de Madrid? (Next year)
va usted a visitar Londres7 (Next summer)
2Compr
(Listening
Perdnetrt
Listen to th
Exercise I t Saying what you were doing
was doing.
Example: 1ou estaba Usted haciendo ayer a las tres de la tarde?

Estaba trabaiando.
En la corn
Listen to
thr
up a few key
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
274 MASTERING SPINI.SH
$7hat ha
Where d
Name tb
Why doe
How wer
How dot
$hy cou
ng|s
l
2
j
4
5
2ou estaba usted haciendo ayer

2au estaba usted haciendo ayer
2ou estaL}a usted haciendo ayer
iou estaba Usted haciendo ayer
2ou estaba usted haciendo ayer
e) Exercise
Saying how things are
E'xample: Soinjured' Mi
esta cerca
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
por |a maana?
por la tarde?
por la noche?
a las doceT
a las dos de la tarde?
ht.;o
est herido'
Daughter/married.
Watch/broken.
$Vifelbored.
Shops/open.
Husband/drunk.
Smoking/forbidden.
Dancing/allowed.
Bar/closed.
This guidebooVwritten in Spanish.

This lady/very grateful to you.
h, year,
ly a
vlsitar
4comprende usted el espaol hab|ado?

Perdnerne
Listen to the tape and write down where the soeaker was and what he or she
was doing.
En lo cornisora
Listen to the tape and answer the questions in English. You may need to look
up a few key words, such as 'ruidosa' and 'casco'.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
$7hat has the woman had stolen?
Where did this happen?

Name three things which have been stolen.
Why does the loss of her house keys concern her particularly?
How were the thieves travelling?

How does she describe their means of transport?
Whv could she not see their faces?
TsocoRRo/
275
ecomprende usted e| espao| escrito?
iRomper
(Reading exercises)
(Puzzles)
Sucesos
clue given?'
Can you ch
Read these news items and answer the questions in English.
Dos jvenes roban 700.000

pesetas en el Banco Central de
Herradura
Dos jvenes robaron en la maana de ayer, a

mano armada, el Banco Central de Henadura,
de donde se llevanrn 700.000 pesetas. El robo
ocuriti sobre las nueve y rnedia de ]a maana,
cuando dos jverres entaron en el banccl.

cogieron dos bolsas de dinero y salieron cor
riendo hacia la Calle Canalejas donde les
esperaba otra pcrsona con un coche. Los tres

salieron a toda velocidad hacia la Pr-rnta de la
Mona.
I
2
3
4
5
\Who carried out the attack?
How much did they steal?

When exactly did it happen?
Were the robbers armed?
How did they make their escape?
Dos heridos graves en la colisin

de dos coches cerca de Cllar
Dos personas resultaron heridas graves a con
secuencia de una coIisin frontal entre dos

coches cerca dc la localidad granadina de
Cllar. Sobre las cuatro de la tarde de ayer el

coche de matrcula AL'3865 0. entr en colisin con el coche de matrcula A-2111 CB,
en el kilmetro 139 de la cirrretera N'342,
dentro del trrnino municipal de Cllar. Los
heridos ueron trasladados al Hospita] General
de Baza.
6
7
8
9
l0
How many people were injured and how many cars were involved?
What sort of collision was it?
When did it happen?
Where exactly did the accident happen?
Where were the iniured taken?
En casa
De prin
Por la n
Rotrerto
tssta es
Una'ga
En Espa
Valen o
;ou hc
Me gust
Rompecabezas
(Puzzles)
Can you change one letter of the word to form another word according to the
clue given? The first two are done for you.
En casa me gusta sentarme en el ... SOFA
De primero voy a tomar ... SOPA

Por |a maana me pongo |a . ' '
Roberto no tiene la pierna ...
sta es una bonita f|or de Verano.
Una'ganga'es una . muy barata.
En Espaa vivo en Una .'.
Valen ochocientas pesetas ... uno.
1Ou horror| No me 9Usta ...
Me gusta la piscina porque ... muy bien.
lved?
;SOCORRO/ 277

test tor Chapters | 6-20
What d
\X/hat d
For wh,
8
9
l0
Administer the test and mark it in the manner outlined for earlier tests
pages 66-68).
What h
!7hat d
Section
(see
@) Beins
$7rite down
headache anr
Section t
Hombre: a(
Usred: (sa:
Hombre: 4J
Usred: (sa:
Hombre: il
Usred: (sa:
Hombre: a'
Usted: (Sa:
Read the interview or listen to it on the cassette. Ifvou have the cassette do nol
read the interview.
Intertsieus
Hombre: 2Cundo volviste
de Barcelona?
Mu.,1er: Ayer por la noche' Cog el avin de las dieciocho horas y llegu aqu a
las ocho.
Hombre; ll'o pasaste bien en Barcelona?
Mujer: S, lo pas magnficamente bien. Visit la Catedral de la
Sagrada
Familia y compr muchos regalos en las Ramblas.

Hombre: 2Qucompraste?
Mu1er: Pues vamos a ver. Compr unos pendientes muy bonitos para mi hija,
un collar para mi madre y esto para ti.
Hombre: Para m. .Qu es?
Farmacuticr
Usted: (Asl
Farmacutic<
Usted: (Sat
Farmacuticr
gracias.
Usted: (Asl
27B
MASTERING sPl,\'1s1
@) Askins
\7rite down
female visitor
wanted.
Questions
I What does the man want to know?

2 !hen did she?
3 How did she travel?
4 At what time did she arrive?
5 Did she enjoy herselP
'Write down,
headache anr
recommends
Mu.;er: Pues abre el paquete y vers'

Hombre: ;Una chaqueta de piel! ;Qu regalo ms magnfico! Muchsimas
Mu..1er: 4Por qu no me invitas a tomar algo en aquel bar? FIace mucho calor y
tengo sed.
Hombre: 1Hombre! Claro que s.
@) Atthe
(d)
Tothin.
Imagine you
questions.
2Dnde
It
7
8
9
l0
What did she do?

What did she buy for her daughter?
For whom is the necklace?
What has she bought for the man?
What does she suggest that he do to show his appreciation?
Section 2
:r tests (see
Write down what you would say to explain that you feel unwell and have
headache and a stomach-ache. Also say you think you are running a fever.
Hombre: iCmo se siente?

Usted: (Say you do not feel well.)
Hombre: ll'e duele algo?
Usted: (Say you hazte a headache.)
Hombre: ;Le duele algo ms?
Usted: (Say 9ou haae a stomach-ache.)
Hombre: lTiene fiebre?
Usted: (Say yes, yoLt think you haue a feaer.)
ssette do zol
legu aqu a
@) Beins itt
'rg @) At
the chernist's
\rite down what you would say to the chemist to ask if he had something for a
la Sagrada
headache and say you also need something for a sore throat. Then ask what he
recommends for sunburn.
rara mi hija,
Farmacutico; 4Qu desea?
Usted:
(Ask i he has something for a headache,)

Farmacutico: Esto es excelente. ,.Algo ms?
Usted: (Say yes, ylou need something or a sore throat.)
Farmacutico: Esto es muy bueno. iAlgo ms?
Usted: (Ask what he recommends for sunburu.)
t{uchsimas
rcho calor y
\iq ft) Asking
about a stranger
Write down the questions you would ask to find out what your mysterious
female visitor was like, what she was wearing, what she was called and what she
wanted.
\9
@) Tolkins about your youth

Imagine you are twelve years old, and write down answers to the following
questions.
2Dnde viva usted?

REVISION ND sELF-AssEssMENr
rEs'r
279

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
l0
7
8
9
l0
1Cmo se |lamaba su meJor amigo (amiga)?

2Fumaba ustedT
2Sa|a usted con chicas (chicos)?
2ou le gustaba beber?
2Vea la televisin por las tardes?
2Trabalaba mucho en el instituto?
2Tena usted una bicic|eta7
zEstudiabra usted el espaol en el instituto7
2ou compraba con su dinero7
Section
S, creo
(b) At the
2Tiene
S, nece
Secton 2 (a)
2ou rt
Section 2 (b)
(c) Asking
2Cmo
Section 2 (c)
zOu |l.
3 marks per correct question (maximum l2)
2Cmo
2Oue q
Section 2 (d)
(d) Talkin
Maximum total 7
l Viva e
2 Mi me_
3 S, fun
4 S, sali
5 Megu
5' ve.
S.U - assessnxettt grades

Over
60
excellent
36 60 satisfactory
Answers
Section
I When the woman returned from Barcelona.

2 Last night.
3 By plane.
4 At8pm.
5 Yes, she enjoyed herself a lot.
6 She visited the Cathedral of the Holy Family
Ramblas.
2BO MASTERING SPIN1.SI1
su
No me
Me due
Me due
She
(a) Being
F-or he
A leatl
Section 2
Mark scheme
o
Some
tardes.
Si, tral
B
9
S, estl
l0
and went shopping
the
tuto.
S, teni
institut
Compr
7
8
9
10
Some earrings.
For her mother.
A leather jacket.
She suggests that he invite her to have a drink in a nearby bar.
Section 2
(a) Being
ill
No me siento bien.
Me duele la cabeza.
Me due|e el estmago.
( rran
^|
Yvr
|a ra^nc
fiebre'
lLilY\
(b) At the chernist's

2Tiene algo para el dolor de cabeza?
S, necesito a|go para e| do|or de garganta.
iou recomienda
usted para |as quemaduras de| so|?
(c) Asking about a stranger

2Cmo era7
1ou |levaba?
iCmo se |lamaba7
2Ou quera7
(d) Talking about your youth
l Viva en (+ name of town).

2 Mi me;or (amiga) se llamaba (+ name).
3 S, fumaba. No' no fumaba.
4 si, sala con chicas (chicos). No, no sa|a Con chicas {chicos)
5 Me gustaba beber |eche/t/caf/CocaCo|a/cerveza, etc.
s' vea |a te|evisin por las tardes. No, no vea |a te|evisin por
7
8
9
l0
>ing
|as
tardes.
S, traba|aba mucho en el instituto. No. no trabaJaba mucho en e| instituto.
s' tena una bicicleta' No, no tena una bicic|eta.
s' estudiaba e| espao| en el instituto. No, no estudiaba e| espaol en e|
instituto.
Compraba libros/cigarrillos/ropa/discos, etc. con mi dinero
in the
REVISION AND SELF-ASSESSMENT
TEST
281
Y
John ate
Grammatical terms used
'John' is the
My hust
'My husbanr
The person
sentence:
John ate
'the apple'is
The word or
John ate
'ate' is the
Noun
Usually the name of a person, thng or place. .Beer', .waiter' and .town' are all
nounsin English, iust as'cerveza'r'camarero'and'ciudad'are in Spanish. The
names of things you feel or experience are also nouns. 'Cold','fear'and'happiness' are all nouns in English' just as .fro', .miedo' and .a|egra' are in Spanish.
example:
Masculine and ferninine

All nouns in Spanish are either masculine or feminine and you should learn the
Verb endinl
Each verb ir
gender (whether it is masculine or feminine) of the noun as you learn the noun
itself. Masculine and feminine do not mean male and female. For examole. 'la
persona' (the person) can refer to both men and women.
Singular and plural

A singular noun points out that it
rs one place, thing, person, etc. and a plural

noun refers to more than one thing, person or place.
Articles: the definite article
The definite article in English is 'the' and in Spanish there are four such articles
- el, la, los,
las
- because Spanish nouns may be masculine or feminine, and the
article changes in the plural.
Articles: the indefinite article
The indefinite article in English is 'a' or 'an' in the singular and 'some' in the
plural. In Spanish there are four - un, una. unos. unas but'unos' and'unas'
are often omitted.
Adjectives
An adjective is
a word which describes a noun. 'The man' is a noun (man) with

definite article (the). 'The fat man'has the adjective'fat', which describes the
man.
Subiect, obiect, verb

The subject of a sentence is the person or thing performing the action or being
described. F'or example:
282
MASTERING S'PINIS1
feel }:'ur
She
/ook,
We are t
plural. Thes
spond to the
I
you
he/she
we
you
they
In Spanish i
the action, a
Hablo e:
Hablan
Tense
The tense c
happen. Eac
I buy brr
I bought
Regular ver
A regular ve:
all reguiar
vt
the infinitive
John ate the apple.
'John' is the subject.
My husband
is very old.
'My husband' is the subject.

The person or thing which has the action performed on it is the object of the
sentence:
John ate the apple.

'the apple' is the object.
The word or words which express the action are called the verb:
John ate the apple.
'ate' is the verb. The verb can also tell you how or what the subiect is. For
)wn' are all
example:
anish. The
I feelbungry.
She /oos very tired.
in Spanish.
We are the best.
rnd'happi-
d learn the
n the noun
xample, 'la
nd a plural
rch articles
re, and the
'me' in the
and 'unas'
lman) with
scribes the
Verb endings
Each verb in Spanish has six endings, three in the singular and three in the
plural. These endings tell you who performs the action of the verb and correspond to the following English forms:
I
you
he/she
we
you
they
first person singular

second person singular
third person singular
first person plural
second Person Plural
third Person Plural
In Spanish it is nearly always the verb ending which tells you who performed
the action, and this is why verb endings are so important:
Hab|o espao|.
Hab|an espao|.
I speak Spanish.
They speak Spanish.
Tense
The tense of a verb tells you when the activity happens, happened or will
happen. Each verb has several tenses! shown by the verb ending:
I buy bread (present tense).
I bought bread (past tense).
Compro pan.
Compr pan'
Regular verbs
A regular verb follows
rn or being
a regular pattern which, once learned, can be applied to

all regular verbs of the same type. The form of a verb found in a dictionary is
the infinitive. In English we express this by the form 'to go', 'to smoke" 'to
GRAMMATICAL TERA/IS USED 283
eat') etc. This form in Spanish ends in '-r'. There are three types of regular
verbs: those that end in '-ar', those that end in '-er' and those that end in '-ir'.
For example:
comprar (to buy) regular '-ar'verb

comer (to eat) - regular '-er' verb
subir (to go up) - regular '-ir' verb
ol
frregular vertrs
These verbs do not follow any regular pattern and must be learned individually.
Pronouns
A pronoun is a word used instead of a noun. Subject pronouns replace

sub ject:
the
The waiter brings the coffee.
He brings the coffee.
and object pronouns replace the object:
The waiter brings

The waiter brings
the coffee.
rr.
Adverbs
These tell you more about the action of the verb, explaining how or when or
where it happens:
The man spoke quickly.

I bought
rt
yesterday.
Prepositions
A preposition is a word used for showing in what relation one thing stands to
another thing. For example:
Madrid is near Toledo.
Before me in the queue.
Accents - the acute
In pronouncing Spanish correctly you stress a certain syllable of each word and
the rules explaining this are on page xiii. An accent is put on a word which
breaks the rules and it shows where the stress fal\s. An accent does not affect the
sound of the letter it is oaer, only the stress. For example:
Vamos a |a 1Fbrica.
Est en |a zaoatera.
Accents - the tilde

An .n'with a tilde () is pronounced like the .ni' in .onion'. Thus .nio' (boy).
(See page xii.)
284 MASTERING S'PINIS/
Conten
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
The far
Descril
10
11
L2
\3
14
Ordina
The ser
At the
At the
$7ork
Daily r
Leisure
Food a
Travel
Shops
Finrlin,
Parts o
tr rher
la familia
el abuelo
los abuelos
casarse
la hermana
el hermano
los hermanr
el matrimor
la muchach
el muchach
nacer
|a nia
s of regular
end in '-ir'.
Supplementary vocabulary lists
edividually.
replace the
Contents
I
2
3
4
5
6
/
rr when or
285
286
286
287
The family
Describing people, places and things
!7ork
Daily routine
Leisure activities
Food and drink
8
9
l0
II
12
|3
L4
287
288
288
289
289
290
290
290
290
291
I ravel
Shops and shopping
Ordinal numbers
The seasons
At the hotel
At the post ofice
Parts ofthe body: sickness and health
3 stands to
t
word and
ord which
tt affect the
o'(boy).
The family
la familia
el abuelo
los abuelos
casarSe
la hermana
el hermano
los hermanos
el matrimonio
la muchacha
el muchacho
nacer
|a
nia
family
grandfather
grandparents
to get married
sister
brother
brothers and sisters

rrrdrrrLu
---*;^l
girl
boy
LUUIJTL
^^,,^t^
to be born
young girl
e|
nio
la novia
el novio
el padre
los padres
la prima
el primo
los primos
soltero,/a
Ia ta
e| to
Ios tos
young boy
girlfriend, fiance
boyfriend, ianc
father
parents
cousin (female)
cousin (ma1e)
cousins
unmarried
aunt
uncle
uncles and aunts
SUPPLEMENT'ARY VOCABULARY LIS'TS 285
2 Describing people, places and thi

atto
amarillo
ancho
azul
ba-1o
blanco
tall, high
yellow
wide, broad
blue
low, little
estrecho
estropeado
light (of colour)
Incorrecto
targo
white
caro
clsico
color naran-1a
convencido
correcto
corto
de algodn
de cristal
de lana
delgado
de madera
de ni|n
cle oro
de plata
distinto
divertido
dulce
classic
orange
convinced
correct
short
of cotton
of glass
ofwool
slim
of wood
of nylon
of gold
of silver
different
rmrrqins
sweet
eXtrao
falso
gordo
igual
lleno
mooerno
natural
normal
NUCVO
oscuro
peligroso
nco
tr
narrow, tight
ruined, broken
strange
false
fat
equal, similar
incorrect
long
full
modern
natural
normal
new
dark (of colour)

dangerous
rich
roJo
red
seco
5eflo
haired
dry
serious
empty
rubio
vacio
ver0e
blonde, fair-
Daity
acostarse {L
abrir
anaar
ayudar
beber
cambiar
cenar
cerrar (ie)
charlar
comprar
comprenoe
contestar
deprisa
desayunar
despacio
clespertarse
dormir (ue)
ecnar una c
entrar
estudiar
green
acompanar
aprender
el director
ra empresa
encontrar
director, manager
firm, business
(ue)
la fbrica
el hombre de
rE9uL ru)
to ind
factory
businessman
r^^^^-i^-
la industria
el -1efe
llamar por
telfono
industry
boss
to telephone
el negocio
el obrero
Ia profesin
el supermercado
el taller
la tienda
traba.;ar en/de
el traba.;ador
el traba;o
business
workman
el,/la artista
el asiento
bailar
profession
supermarket
workshop
el baile
shop
to work aas
el
la
el
el
el
workman
work
baarse
la capital
e|
castillo
catedral
concierto
club
cuadro
da libre
4 Daily routine
rw, tight
:d, broken
L,
similar
)rn
'al
al
(of colour)
)rous
le, fair-
red
hablar
hacer falta
hacer una
pregunra
invitar
acostarse (ue)
abrir
andar
ayudar
beber
cambiar
cenar
cerrar (ie)
charlar
comprar
comprender
contestar
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
desayunar
despacio
despertarse (ie)
dormir (ue)
echar una carta
to have breakfast
preguntar
pronto
to wake up
to sleep
to post a letter
to enter, go into
tarde
temprano
tener sueo
vialar
deprisa
entrar
estudiar
go to bed
open
walk
help
drink
change
have dinner
close, shut
chat
buy
understand
answer
quickly
slowly
to study
lavarse
limpiarse
llamar
necesitar
olvidar
pasar
recibir
visitar
to speak, talk
to need
to ask a question
to invite
to get washed
to wash, clean
to call
to need
to forget
to spend, pass
(of time)
to ask
soon, early
to receive
late
early
to be sleepy
to travel
to visit
IS
5 Leisure activities
acompaar
aprender
lss
nan
sion
narket
hop
:k atlas
lan
ellla artista
el asiento
bailar
el baile
baarse
la capital
el
la
el
el
el
e|
castillo
catedral
concierto
club
cuadro
da libre
ro accompany
disfrutar
to enloy
excursion
seat
ganar
to win
hacer camping
hacer una visita
to make a visit
to learn
artist
to dance
dance
to bathe, swim
capital
castle
cathedral
concert
club
picture
day off
|a excursin
|a exposicin
los gastos
la iglesia
|a invitacin
el lugar
e| magnetfono
et mar
|a montaa
montar a caballo
exhibition
expenses
to go camping
church
invitation
place
tape-recorder
sea
mountain
to ride a horse
SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABUL4RY LIST'S 287
la msica
nadar
la
el
el
el
el
obra
er programa
muslc
to swim
work (artistic)
country
palacio palace
parque park
partido match (sport)
perder
to lose
pintar
to parnt
la piscina swimming-pool
pais
la playa
practrcar
la prensa
beach
to participate in
(of sport)
press) newspapers
la radio
el recado
reservar
la reunin
la revista
sacar entraoas
sacar fotos
el sitio de inters
tener un da |ibre
el tocadiscos
tocar
tomar el sol
programme
radio
message
to resen'e
meeting
magazine
to get tickets
(cinema, etc.)
to take photographs
intere sting place
to have a day off
record-player
to play (of music)
to sunbathe
las Navidac
EI UE) LC
pasaoo ma
el pinchazc
los Pirineos
la provinci;
la regin
sacar billett
los almacer
6 Food and
drinl<
la bebida
el bocadillo
drink
sandwich
costar (ue,
to cost
frito
incluido
fried
included
el _.1ugo
ruit juice
el litro
los macarrones
a litre
macaronl
de fruta
las legumbres
Ia naranla
vegetables
orange
not included
paella (rice dish)
no incluido
la paella
el anuncio
er pan
el n:stpl
pedir
{i)
ra pera
la pieza
la pimienta
er precro
la propina
la sal
servir
bread
cake
to order, ask br
pear
a piece
pepper
price
t1p
salt
(i)
poco hecho
la blusa
los calcetin
la camisa
|a carnicer.
la cartera
las cerillas
la chaqueti
la diferenci
la falda
|a frutera
el imperme
to servc
medium rare
Findi
aba.;o
7 Travel
el aeropuerto
la agencia de
via..1es
DUSCaT
el coche cama
comprobar
CTUZAT
|a
(ue)
estacin de
servicio
arriba
el Ayuntarr
alrport
travel agency
to look for
sieeping-car
to check, examine
IO CTOSS
service station
ZBB MASTERING SPINISH
et este
east
explicar
a gente
el horario
|a informacin
lento
llenar
to explain
people
timetable
el mapa
map
la maleta
et metro
information
slow
to ill
suitcase
underground train,
the underground
deba.lo de
delante de
detrs de
difcilmente
enlpor tod,
partes
las Navidades
e oeste
pasado maana
el ninrhazn
)ts
, etc.)
rtographs
place
ios Pirineos
la provincia
|a regin
sacar billetes
Christmas
west
the olr ofter
tomorrow
puncture
Pyrenees
province
region
to obtain tickets
el semforo
la Semana Santa
el sur
el,/la turista
ViaJar en avin,
DATCO, COCNC,
tren, etc.
el vuelo
la zona azul
.-^{C^
rrlrL
Ltdlrll li-Lr-
Holy $7eek
south
tourist
f^
LU r-^-,^l
LldvLl
l*-,
uj arrt
^:-
boat, car, train,
flight
restricted parking
znnp
/lit,-rqllrr
blue zone)
lay off
yer
mrrqic)
8 Shops and shoppin

los almacenes
el anuncio
:r, ask for
la blusa
los calcetines
la camisa
la carniceria
la cartera
las cerillas
la chaqueta
la diferencia
la falda
|a frutera
el impermeable
department stores
announcement
blouse
socks
shirt
butcher's shop
briefcase
matches
jacket
difference
skirt
fruit-shop
mackintosh
las medias
la nota
los pantalones
un par
|a
perfumera
la reba-1a
el relo_1
la relo.1era
la ropa
la ropa interior
el sombrero
el traJe
stockings
note
trousers
pair
perfume shop
reductions, sale
watch
watchmaker's
clothing
underwear
hat
sult
'e
m rare
9 Finding out whee things ae

down (of street)
aba..1o
arriba
rrn /nfctft]
el Ayuntamiento
;^L^t^
L]UclU
rlain
rbie
nation
t^
L]
delante de
detrs de
difcilmente
enlpor todas
parres
Town Hall
under
in front of
behind
with difficulty
en ninguna parte nowhere

fciImente
mal
mostrar (uel
sobre
todo derecho
easily
badly
to show, indicate
on
straight ahead
everywhere
.se
'ground train,
underground
SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY LISTS 289
O Ordinal numbers
primero
segundo
tercero
cuarto
quinto
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sexto
sptimo
octavo
noveno
dcimo
Note that 'primero' and 'tercero' lose their final
nouns el primer da.
el verano
eighth
ninth
tenth
before masculine singular
sprlng
summer
el otoo
el invierno
pl r an< prie
devolver (ue)
echar una carta
la escalera
lift
balcony
hall-porter
aulumn
winter
to return, give back

to post a letter
stairs
e|
garden
patio, courtyard
repetir {i)
urgenre
IO repeat
1ardn
el patio
la puerta
door
urgent
3 At the post office
certificado
el giro postal
la lista de correos
registered
postal order
poste restante
29o MASTERING sPlN1s1
el accidenl
la boca
el comprin
cortarse
el dedo
el dedo de
los dientes
la enferme
la espalda
el esparadr
estar muer
guardar ca
la herida
2 At the hotel
el ascensor
e| ba|cn
seventh
The seasons
la pnmavera
sixth
la palabra
el telegrama
word
telegram
herirse
(ie)
morir (ue)
4 Parts of the body: sickness and health
el accidente
re singular
la boca
el comprimido
cortarse
el dedo
el dedo del pie
los dientes
la enfermedad
la espalda
el esparadrapo
estar muerto
guardar cama
la herida
herirse (ie)
morir (ue)
accident
mouth
tablet
to cut oneself
finger
toe
teeth
la mueca
el muslo
la nariz
la operacin
la ore.1a
la pastilla
back
sticking-plaster
ponerse enfermo
quemarse
la rodilla
romper
wound
to hurt oneself
la venda, el
venda.;e
illness
to be dead
to stay in bed
to die
la salud
el tobillo
wrist
thigh
nose
operation
ear
pill
to become ill
to burn oneself
knee
to break
health
ankle
bandage
Lrrtyard
SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY'1STS 291
Exercise
l(ey to the exercises
E|
seor
L1
E|
seor
L1
Usted: El
Usted: En
Exercise
1 S, soy inl
(+ name). S
spelled in S
no soy fran
Exercise
Buenos das. 4Cmo est usted?
I Usted es
h1os, iverd
Juan en
esp
Exercise
Exercise
t Arriving in Spain
Po|ica: Buenos das. Su pasaporte' por favor.

Usted: Aqu tiene usted.
Po|ica: Usted es ingls, iverdad?
Usted: Eso es.
Po|ica: Y' ;quin es esta seora?
Usted: staes mi mujer, Joan Robinson.
Po|ica: 4Cunto tiempo van ustedes a estar en Espaa?
Usted: Tres semanas.
Polica: Muy bien. Gracias. Adis.
Usted: Adis.
Exercise 2 At the hotel
Receocionista: Buenos das.

Usted: Buenos das. Soy el seor/la seora/seorita (+ name). 4Tiene usted
una habitacin reservada en mi nombre?
Recepcionista: iCmo se escribe su nombre?
Usted: (Name spelled in Spanish.)
Recepcionista: Una habitacin con bao por cinco das, iverdad?
Usted: S, eso
es'

la llave.
Usted: Muchas
gracias.
Receocionista: Austed.
292 MASTERINGSPVIS'I
r 1tr5 .)Lcl :
.1 .tr) 5tc1 :
Exercise
I No, no sr
seor Brow
espao| (es
Exercise
t I)t taAn
r
r1 c|
vlvv
l
? ; Pt tcr'la r
Lpez?
Exercise
I Tres rr tre
trece. 4
siete son di'

diecisiete.
Exercise
1 2Dnde
mu.1er? 4
Exercise 3 Greeting people

E| seor Lpez: Mucho gusto' seor (seora,
Usted: El gusto es mio.
E| seor Lpez: sta es mi mujer, Mara.
seorita).
Usted: Encantado (Encantada).
Exercise
Exercise
5 Asking
Exercise
Ta|king about youself
1 5' soy ing|s (ing|esa). No, no soy ingls {inglesa)' 2 Soy el seor
(+ name). Soy |a seora (+ name). Soy |a seorita (+ name). 3 (Name
spelled in Spanish') 4 Cuatro semanas. 5 S, soy francs (francesa). No,
no soy francs (francesa).
questions
Usted es ingls, 2verdad? 2 sta es su mujer, 2verdad? } Estos Son sus

h1os, 4verdad7 4 Usted est de vacaciones, 2verdad? 5 Su nombre es
Juan en espao|, 2verdad?
Possessions
l iEs sta su habitacin? 2
4 iEs
sta su mu.Jer7
Exercise
2Es sta su l|ave7

2Es ste su nombre?
3 iEs
ste su ht.;o?
Denying that something is true
1 No' no soy ir|ands {ir|andesa)' 2 No, no soy de York. 3 No, no soy e|

seor Brown (|a seora Brown)' 4 No, no soy arquitecto. 5 No, no soy
espaol (espaola).
Exercise 8 lntroducing people to each other

1 iPuedo presentarle a mi hilo? 2 iPuedo presentarle a mi amigo?
3 2Puedo presentarle al seor Brown7 4 2Puedo presentar|e a |a seora
Lpez? 5 1Puedo presentar|e a mi marido?
ene usted
iene usted
Exercise 9 Number Pactice

I Tres y tres son seis. 2 Cinco y seis son once. J Cuatro y nueve son
trece. 4 Siete y ocho son quince. 5 Diez y dos son doce. 6 Nueve y
siete son diecisis. 7 ocho y seis son Catorce. 8 Nueve y ocho son
diecisiete. 9 Diez y ocho son dieciocho. l0 Diez y diez son veinte.
t O Asking where things and people are
1 2Dnde est la habitacin? 2 2Dnde est |a l|ave7 3 2Dnde est su
mu.;er? 4 2Dnde est 5U ht'1o? 5 1Dnde est e| taxi?
Exercise
KEY TO EXERCISES 293
Listening exerc?ses
tr ana
Ana Criado; Paco Delgado
Exercise
Mara Lpt
Usted:
Pr
Usted:
Si
Mara Lpt
13;
; 12; 9;
17 ;
Mara Lpt
Usted: El
3; 5; 15:. 7; 20.
I A (double) room
4 His passport.
with
bath. 2
Yes, on the third
floor. 3 For
verside
est ca
six days.
tE
3 days.
Room No. 13 on the 2nd floor. 2 Room No. 3 on the lst floor.
3 Room No. 16 on the 3rd floor. 4 Room No. 20 on the 4th floor.
Pu zzles
Juan Lpe.
Usted:
Sr
Juan Lpe.
Usted: S
Juan Lpe;
Usted: S
Juan Lpe,
Usted: U
habitar
Juan Lpe;
Exercise
1 false 2
td
cuatro
Usted: N
Exercise
I A single room with a bath for 7 days. 2 A double room with a shower for
9 days. 3 Aroomwith abathfor2 weeks. 4 Asingleroomwith abathfor
6 quince
Mara Lpt
Mara Lpt
Usted: S
Rea ding exercises
Si
Mara Lpt
Velzquez; Camilo Jos Cela; Seve Ballesteros.
Usted:
9 true lC
3 catorce = l4;4 trece = l3; 5 veinte = 20;
9;8 cinco = 5;9 diecisiete = 17; 10 diez =
2Cmo se l|ama usted 7 Me |lamo Roberto.
294 MASTERING sPlN1.'1
Exercise
Es granc
Exercise
Es aleme
Es espa
2Tiene usted famifia?
t Talking about yourself

Lpez:
Mara
iEs usted de York, Juana?
de York.
S,
soy
Usted:
Y'
Lpez:
Maria
;cmo es la ciudad de York?
grande. Tiene unos cien mil
es
bastante
Pues,
Usted:
Mara Lpez: ;Qu interesante! 1Tiene usted hijos?
Usted: S, tengo dos, un hijo y una hija.
Exercise
days.
rwer for
bath for
habitantes.
Mara Lpez: ;Cmo se llaman?

Usted: El hijo se llama David. Tiene veintin aos y es estudiante en la universidad de Manchester. La hija se llama Barbara, tiene veinticinco aos y
est casada. Su marido es mdico en el hospital de York.
Mara Lpez: Entonces usted eS abuela, 4verdad?
Usted: No, todava no. Mi hija no tiene hijos.

Mara Lpez: ;Trabaja usted?
Usted: S, trabajo' Soy profesora de matemticas
en un instituto de York.
Exercise 2 Giving information about yourself

Juan Lpez: iCul es su direccin en York, Roberto?
Usted: Sesenta y cuatro Bootham B-o-o-t-h-a-m - Road, York,
Juan Lpez: Y sta es su oficina, 1verdad?
Usted: S, eso es.
Juan Lpez: 4Tiene telfono?
Usted: S, el nmero de telfono es 0904 389256.
Inglaterra.
Juan Lpez: Gracias. 4Y su telfono aqu en Madrid?

Usted: Un momento. E.stoy en el Hotel Bristol. El telfono es 22:43:79, y
habitacin es el nmero doce.
Juan Lpez: Muchas gracias.
Exercise
|a
True or false?
1false 2false 3true 4true 5true 6false Tfalse 8false

9 true 10 false 1l true 12 false 13 false 14 true 15 true
10
Exercise 4 Describing things

1 Es grande. 2 Es fci|, 3 Es difcil. 4
Es
interesante. 5 Es blanca.
Giving PeoPle3 nationality

1 Es alemana. 2 Es portuguesa. 3 Es ita|iano. 4
Exercise
5
Es ing|s.
Es esoaola.
KEY TO EXERCISE.S 295
Exercise
Number practice
Diecisiete y veintinueve son cuarenta y seis. 2 Veintiuno y doce son

treinta y tres. I Sesenta y cuatro y treinta y uno son noventa y cinco.
4 Treinta y siete y doce son cuarenta y nueve. 5 Cincuenta y dos y
diecisiete son sesenta y nueve. 6 Veinticinco y veintisiete son cincuenta y
dos. 7 Cuarenta y cinco y treinta y siete son ochenta y dos. 8 Treinta y
cinco y treinta y ocho son setenta y tres. 9 Cincuenta y siete y sesenta y
tres son ciento veinte. 10 Cuarenta V cinco V cincuenta y cinco son cien.
Exercise
Possessions
tres ht.,1as' 2 S, tengo
aos.
Exercise 8 Tall<ing about youself

1 Me ||amo (+ name)' 2 Tengo ( + number) aos. 3
Puzz les
14
familia; he
1 S, tengo
Una casa. 3 S, tengo telfono en mi
Mi casa tiene (+ number) habitaciones.
5 S, tengo Cuarenta
casa. 4
t )). z
del Sol, M
of an impo
hermano.
abuelo (1
5 primo (c<
1
Soy de (+ town).
,1 S' soy emp|eado {emp|eada) de oficina. No, no soy emp|eado {emp|eada)

de oficina' 5 S' traba.1o en una oficina. No, no traba.Jo en Una oficina.
6 Tengo (+ number) hr.1os. No tengo hr.1os. 7 Se llaman (+ names). 8 Son
(+ prossion). 9 Mi mu'1er traba.'1a. Mi mu.1er no trabaJa. l0 Trabaja en
2Cn
una oficlna/una f brica/Un instituto,/Un hosoita|' etc'
Listening exercises
IE
Paco has one sister and two brothers. The sister is called Mara and is 20 years
old. The brothers are called Alberto, who is 19 and Juan who is 15.
Ana has two brothers. Her elder brother is tall and slim with short hair and
is fairly intelligent. The younger brother is short and fat.
Exercise
Usted: Brlsabel: Bu
Usted: M
Isabel: S,
momen
Usted: Gr
Exercise
lsabel: Us
two. 2 A son and a daughter. 3 Twenty and twenty-two

old. 4 At the University. 5 The girl is studying languages and the
boy, law. 6 Gonzalo and Piedad. 7 (c) They are very Spanish names'Me
parecen UnoS nombres muy . muy espao|es'_ They seem to me names
1 Yes, she has
years
verv ... verv Soanish.
Re ading exercises
t4
1d;
Usted: Es,
lsabel: 4D
Usted: Nc
lsabel: Y,
Usted: Nc
Exercise
Empleado:
Usted:
Es<
Usted:
Pu,
Empleado:
Empleado:
3c; 4f:'
296 MASTERING
S'PIN1S1
I SOn
tco.
,uenta y
reinta y
'cr rld y
)n cien.
1 33. 2 Talr\ and slim, quite pretty and very intelligent. 3 Near the Puerta
del So1, Madrid. 4 No. 5 She has fair hair and blue eyes. 6 In the office
of an import/export company.
Puzzl
tE
fami|ia; hermana; abue|o; to; prima;

hermano; nia; Soltero.
)en ml
enta
E
1
abuelo (grandfather);2 tio (uncle); 3 padres (parents); 4 hermana (sister);
5 primo (cousin).
own).
mpleadal
crna.
). 8
)a.Ja
Son
en
zCmo es su ciudad?
Exercise
Introducing yourself
Usted: Buenos das. Soy
is 20 years
rt hair and
el seor Robinson.
|sabe|: Buenos das, seor Robinson. 1Cmo est usted?
Usted: Muy bien, gracias. Tengo una cita con el seor Lpez a las diez. ;Est?
lsabel: S, est, pero est ocupado. Est con un cliente. 4Quiere sentarse un
momento?
Gracias.
Usted:
Exercise 2 Talking about your town

lsabel: Usted es de York. :verdad?
ty-two
ed the
mes'Me
names
Usted: Eso es.

|sabe|: 4Dnde est York? ;Est cerca de Londres?
Usted: No. E'st muy lejos de Londres en el norte de Inglaterra.
lsabel: Y, 1cmo es York? Es una ciudad pequea, 1verdad?
Usted: No, es bastante grande y muy antigua.
Exercise
Reclaiming lost ProPety
Empleado: Vamos a ver. Un bolso, gverdad?

Usted: Eso es.
Emp|eado: iCmo es el bolso, grande o pequeo?
Usted: Pues, es bastante grande.
Emp|eado: Y, ;de qu es? 4De piel o de plstico?
KEY
TO
EXERCIS-ES' 297
Usted: Es de piel.
Usted: Marrn y negro.
Emp|eado: Un bolso bastante grande marrn y negro y de piel. 4Es ste su
bolso?
Usted: S, creo
Exercise
que s. Gracias.
Empleado: ;Qu hay en el bolso?

Usted: Hay un pasaporte' un pasaporte ingls a nombre de Robinson' unos
cheques de viajero.
Usted:
'
Son grises ... y de piel.
Emp|eado: Entonces, ste es su bolso, seora.
Usted: Muchas gracias.

Empleado: De nada, seora. Adis.
Usted: Adis.
Exercise
Describin9 Pemanerrt Gonditions
S, soy ingls (ing|esa). No, no soy ing|s (inglesa), soy (+ nationality)'

S. soy profesor (profesora). No' no soy profesor (profesora)' soy + job.
Mi casa es grande. Mi casa es pequea' Mi casa es bastante / muy /
grande / pequea. 4 Mi ciudad es antigua / moderna' 5 La comida de
mi casa es / no es excelente.
2
3
Exercise
Saying where things are
Mi casa est/no est cerca de| centro delaciudad. 2 Mi oficina {taller,

fbrica) est,/no est Cerca de mi casa. 3 Mi ciudad est cercal|e'.1os de
Londres. 4 Mi ciudad est,ho est en e| norte. 5 Mi ciudad est,ho est
en la costa.
Exercise
Describin9 temPoary conditions
Estoy bien, gracias. 2 S, estoy/ No' no estoy ocupado (ocupada). 3 S'

estoy/ No' no estoy enfermo (enferma} . 4 s, estoy/ No' no estoy casado
casada)' 5 Mi oficina est/ no est cerrada'
Exercise
8 Forming questions
1 2Dnde est su casa? 2 2De qu es7 3 iCmo es? 4 2Hay muchos

turistas en Sevilla7 5 zDe qu color son7 6 2Cmo est usted? 7 2Est
casado su hijo? 8 ZEst cerrado e| banco? 9 iEs secretaria su htla?
10 1Es ste su marido? (2Es sta su mu.1er7)
Empleado:
Usted: Es
Empleado:
Usted: Es
Empleado:
Describing the contents of your handbag
Emp|eado: iDe qu banco son los cheques?

Usted: Del Banco Midland. Despus hay un pauelo, perfume '
EmpIeado: 1Algo ms?
Usted: S' hay unos guantes.
Emp|eado: ;De qu color son los guantes?
Exercise
Usted: Es
Empleado:
Usted: Es
Empleado:
Usted: Gr
Exercise
1 S, es mu
Interesante
rl
Listening
I Toledo; 2
6 Campo
A handbag
1 Granada.
fountains ar
one/two of t
in the evenir
Reading
1 ',7^
l,^. a)
l.,
v Alltt
Blanca Syna
artist from t.
Pu
trj
2 fals
Exercise
E,s ste su
son, unos
Reclaiming lost property
Empleado: Un bolso, lverdad?

Usted: Eso es.
Empleado: 1Cmo es?
Usted: Es pequeo.
Usted: Es negro.
Emp|eado: aDe qu es?
Usted: Es de plstico.
Emp|eado: Entonces, ste es su bolso' ;verdad?
Usted: Gracias.
Exercise Io Modiying adjectives

l S, es muy simptico. 2 S' est bastante |ejos. 3
S, es bastante
interesante. 4 S, es muy grande. 5 s' est bastante b|en.
Listening exercises
1 Toledo;
2 Picos de Europa; 3 Bada1oz;4 San Sebastin;5 Caste||n;
6 Campo de
tity).
1ob.
y/
Criptana.
A handbag.
nida de
(taller,
de
/no est
's
a). 3 s
casado
1 Granada. 2 In the south of Spain. 3 (a) It is very nice with many

fountains and streets to stroll along. 4 Madrid. 5 You could give any
one/two of these: She is from Madrid, it is the capital of Spain and very lively
in the evenings (por la noche es muy divertido).
Reading exercises
1 70 km;2 58l 000; 3 No;4 Cathedral, El Greco's
FIouse, Santa Mara la
Blanca Synagogue; 5 10.30 1.00 and 3.30-7.00;6 300 pesetas; 7 A famous

artist from the 16th century; 8 Near El Greco's House.
Pu zzles
nucnoS
ie?
ztr)t<1
I true; 2 false; 3 true; 4 false; 5 false; 6 true.
1 Barcelona; 2 Sevilla; 3
Exercise
Bilbao; 4 Valencia; 5 Mlaga
1 2Dnde
2Dnde est su ciudad?
Exercise
Exercise I Finding out if a certain place exists

| 2Hay un banco por aqu? 2 2Hay una oficina de turismo por aqu?
3 1Hay una farmacia por aqu? 4 2Hay un estanco por aqu? 5 2Hay
hote| por aqu7
Exercise
un
3 Finding
4 Following
2Est le'1os |a
5 Finding
out if the place is open
1 2Est abierta la panadera? 2 2Est ablerta |a tienda de recuerdos?

3 2Est abierto e| banco7 4 2Est abierta |a f armacia? 5 2Est abierto
e|
estancoT
Te||ing the time

I Son las tres. 2 Son las doce. 3 Son las siete.
5 Son las once. 6 Es la una. 7 Son las cuatro.
Exercise
las
dos.
Exercise
10 Son las ocho.
Hace mucho calor.
3OO MASTERING SPINISI1
Nunca h
3
{ocupada).
Liste ning
Ej
I
Farmacia
Mercado
Good weatl
South it is
ma|
r,
the Madrid
30 degrees.
til
1
a t-"^.
Lrult
C r-',
- Lru
Reading
[
I Sports par
4 Son las cinco.

8 Son las seis. 9
Son
No.2
Talking about the weather
1 Hace buen tiempo. 2 Hacefro' 3 Hace
sol. 5
instructions
1 Go along the street, take the second street on the left and the tourist office is
in that street on the right. 2 Take t}le fourth street on the left, go as far as the
end and the hotel is beside the Montesol Cafeteria. 3 Go along rhis street, take
the third street on the right and the tourist office is opposite the Central Bank.
4 Go along this street, take the first street on the right and then the second on
the left. But don't go now; the chemist's is closed until 4 o'clock. 5 The
Prncipe Hotel is in Segovia Street. Look; go along this street, take the third
street on the right and go as far as the end. The hotel is beside the Cine So1.
Exercise
Exercise
ciudad.
1 2Por dnde se va al banco7 2 1Por dnde se Va a |a oficina de turismo7

2Por dnde 5e Va a |a farmacia? 4 1Por dnde se va a| estanco7 5 2Por
dnde se va a| hotel?
Exercise
familia.
2 Finding out how to get there
out if you ae nea the place

1 2Est |e.1os e| banco7 2 2Est |e.1os la oficina de turismo7 3
farmacia? 4 2Est |ejos el estanco? 5 2Est |ejos e| hote|?
S, tengo
mucho.
Exercise
2Dnde
se venoe e
tiempo. 4 Hace mucho
Exercise 8 Finding out where things are sold

1 aDnde se vende e| tabaco7 2 2Dnde se venden |os bolsos7
3 2Dnde se venden |os guantes? 4 2Dnde se vende el caf? 5 iDnde
se vende el vinoT
Exercise 9 Saying you have or do a lot

l S' tengo muchos amigos. 2 S, tengo muchos C|ientes' 3 S, traba'1o
mucho' 4 S' tengo muchas amigas' 5 S' hay muchas personas en mi
familia.
1u?
2Hay un
turismo?
' 5 2Por
;t lejos la
office is
r as the
t*^-r
LrLr Lt t-l'^
taNL
.i
Bank.
rond on
Exercise
Saying it never happens
1 Nunca hace mucho so| en mi regin. 2 Nunca l|ueve mucho en mi

ciudad. 3 Nunca estoy enfermo (enferma). 4 Nunca estoy ocupado
(ocupada). 5 Nunca hay muchos turistas en mi ciudad.
Listening exercises
1 Farmacia Alonso; 2 Piscina municipal; 3 Cine 5ol; 4 Banco Vizcaya;
5 Mercado.
Good weather throughout Spain except the East and the Pyrenees. In the
South it is very fine and very hot. In the Pyrenees and the East it is cold. In
the Madrid area it is verv ine. very sunnv with temperatures in excess of
30 desrees.
lhe
third
: So1.
os7
)ierto el
l true;
2 true
(ca|iente hot); 3 do not know; 4 true; 5 true;
false.
Rea ding exercises
[4
I Sports pavilion and marketl 2 Post Office; 3 Town Hall and tourist sights.
Son
No.
2.
l mucno
KEY TO EXERCISES
3OI
cuarenta y
Pu zzles
tas pesetas
Exercise
leave, et
Seville, very hot; Santiago, very bad weather; Madrid, cold; Valencia, sunny;
Bilbao, raining.
I Sale a la:
ocho. 4
false; 2 true; 3 false; 4 true; 5 false; 6 true.
Exercise
zEn qu trabaja usted?
todos los di
Exercise
Usted: No. Vivo
en un pueblo pequeo cerca de York.

Juan: Pero usted trabaja en York, lno?
Usted: S, trabajo en un instituto en el centro de la ciudad.
l2Aquh
cerrado el t
viene usted
empieza la
Exercise 2 Saying whee you have |unch

Juan: ;Come usted en casa o en un restaurante de la ciudad?
Usted: Como en el instituto con los alumnos.
Juan: Y, lcome usted bien o mal?
Usted: Termino a las cuatro menos cuarto. Salgo del instituto y voy
moe questions
1 Salgo de casa a |as ocho y cuarto. 2 Vengo en coche. 3 S, tengo
coche pequeo. 4 Empiezo a las nueve' 5 S' hago mucho traba-1o.
3 Trescientas
5 Ouinientas
un
un
Number Practice
2 Cuatrocientas ochenta y cinco pesetas.
sesenta pesetas. 4 Ochocientas cincuenta y cinco pesetas.
veinte oesetas. 6 Seiscientas treinta oesetas. 7 Setecientas
Doscientas noventa pesetas.
I At
7.00
a;
Reading
5 Between
Exercise 4 Answering guestions

I Vivo en una ciudad grande. 2 Trabalo en una oficina. 3 Como en
bar. 4 Termino a las cinco. 5 Llego a casa a las seis menos cuarto.
Exercise
de
compras. Entonces voy a casa y hago la cena.

Juan: Ya veo que trabaja usted mucho, Juana.
5 Answering
oficina?
es barata.
Exercise 3 Saying at what time you finish work and what

you do afterwards
Juan: 1A qu hora termina su trabajo?
Exercise
d,
bien,/bastar
Exercise t Saying whee you |ive and wok

Juan: Usted vive en York, lverdad, Juana?
Usted: Pues bastante mal. oero la comida
Salgo
las (+ time)
instituto, et
restaurante
1 In a small
walks and it
del So1. 6
Pu zzles
E]
1 dosciento:
setenta; 8 ql
cuarenta y cinco pesetas. 8 Novecientas setenta pesetas.

tas pesetas. 10 Diez mil Pesetas.
Mil quinien-
Exercise 7 Saying at what time things begin, end' arive'

leave, etc,
1 Salea lascincoymedia. 2 Llega alassieteycuarto. 3 Empiezaalas
ocho. 4 Termina a las once y media. 5 Sale a las nueve y cuarto'
sunny;
Exercise
Talking about your own dai|y outine
Exercise
Forming questions
1 Salgo de casa a las (+ time). 2 Coyo el tren/autobs/coche' 3 L|ego a

|as (+ time). 4 Trabalo en una oficina/fbrica/tienda/un hospita|,ztal|erl
instituto, etc' 5 Traba'1o (number) horas por da. 6 Como en casalen un
restaurante,/bar/una cafetera. No como. 7 Como bien/ma|/bastante
bien/bastante mal. 8 Termino a las (+ time). 9 VoylNo voy de compras
todos |os das. 10 Yo hago|a cena. Mi mujer/Mi marido hace la cena.
1 2A qu hora ||ega e| tren? 2 2A qu hora sale usted de casa? 3 2Est
cerrado el banco? 4 2Cuntos empleados hay en esta fbrica? 5 2Cmo
VieneUsted a|aoficina? 6 2{ay unafarmaciaporaqu? 7 iAquhora
empieza |a sesin7 8 2Tiene usted coche? 9 2au coge para ir a |a
oficina? l0 iDnde vive?
Listening exerc?ses
lwhat
y voy
7.30; 7.45; 8.05; 8.15,

de
mo en un
to.
rngo un
aJo.
)esetas.
resetas.
tecientas
1.00; 11.20; 1.00; 2-5.30; 6.30.
1 At 7.00 am. 2 At7.45 am. 3 At 8.45 or 9 am sharp. 4 Half anhour.

5 Between 1.00 and 1.30 pm. 6 He would like an hour for lunch.
Reading exercises
1 In a small flat in the Calle de Montera. 2 A cat called Montse. 3 She
walks and it takes about 10 minutes. 4 8.2O. 5 In a cafeteria in the Puerta
del Sol. 6 5.30. 7 Very quiet but somewhat boring.
Puzzles
[4
l doscientos; 2 veintids; 3 doce; 4 sesenta; 5 setecientos; 6 diecisis; 7

setenta; 8 quinientos; 9 tres; 10 novecientos; 1l trescientos.
KEY TO EXERCI.SES 303
YExercise
No, prefi
una cervez,
If; 2a; 3i; 4b; 5c; 6j; 7 d; 8e; 9g; 10h.
Exercise
zo'u hace usted en sus atos libres?
I Soy aficic
los discos.
(aficionada)
Usted: Gracias.
Juan: lSolo o con leche?
Usted: Con leche, por favor.
Juan: lQuiere azucar?
Exercise
Exercise
gracias.
Saying what you do in your leisure time
Robert: Ya veo que tiene usted muchos libros' Mara.

Usted: S, soy muy aficionada a los libros. Por las tardes, cuando no tengo que
trabajar, me siento aqu, escucho uno de mis discos favoritos y leo mis
libros.
Robert: ;Qu clase de libros prefiere usted?

Usted: Prefiero novelas romnticas. il'ee usted mucho, Roberto?
Robert: No, prefiero los deportes.
Exercise 3 Saying what leisure facilities exist

Mara: .Hay teatros en York, Roberto?
Usted: S, hay dos teatros y dos cines.
Mara: ;Va usted al teatro?
Usted: No voy mucho porque las entradas
son bastante caras) pero voy al cine

de vez en cuando si hav una pelcula buena.
Exercise
4 Offering something to someone
1 2ouiere Usted Un coac? 2 2auiere usted un cigarri||o? 3 2ouiere

usted un ans7 4 2ouiere usted una cerveza? 5 2ouiere Usted Un Vaso
de vinoT
Exercise 5 Asking if someone wishes to do something

I 2Ouiere ustedJugar al tenisT 2 iauiere usted dar un paseoT 3 2Ouiere
usted ir de compras?
escuchar un disco?
2auiere Usted ver
_jugar al ten
Exercise
Exercise I Getting what you want

Juan: 1Quiere usted caf, Juana?
Usted: No,
No, prefi
prefiero lee
|a
te|evisin? 5 2ouiere usted
1 S, leo n'
al golf. No,
ooy un pas(
por er camp
escucho la r
muchos libr,
pgar
aI ft|'
(aficionada)
Exercise
l El coac
teatro. 5
espaol' El e
que Madrid.
Exercise f
I Veo la tele
la ciudad.
tenis. 7 Le'
9 Juego al
tr
Lis tening
tE
Boy: He disli
srster, and in
Girl: She is n
friends. She i
disco every Si
3o4 MASTERING
sPlN1.S1
Exercise
Exercise
Expressing a prefeence for something
1 No' prefiero un caf con |eche, 2 No, prefiero un ans. 3 No' prefiero
Una cerveza. 4 No' prefiero un caf' 5 No, prefiero un caf Cortado.
Expressing a preference for doing something

2 No. prefiero ir de compras. 3 No.
un libro. 4 No, orefiero ir a la discoteca. 5 No. orefiero
1 No, prefiero dar un paseo.
prefiero leer
JUgar al tenis.
Exercise
Expressing a keenness for something
Exercise
Do you or don't you?
1 Soy aficionado (aficionada) a los libros. 2 Soy aficionado (aficionada) a

los discos. 3 Soy aficionado (aficionada) al cine. 4 Soy aficionado
{aficionada) aI teatro. 5 Soy aficionado {aficionada) a |a televisin'
S, |eo nove|as romnticas' No, no |eo nove|as
tengo que
y leo mis
romnticas. 2
S, 1uego
' No, noJuego a| go|f . 3 S' voy a| cine. No' no voy a| cine' 4 s'
doy un paseo por el campo cuando hace buen tiempo. No, no doy un paseo
por e| campo cuando hace buen tiempo. 5 S, escucho |a radio. No, no
escucho |a radio' 6 S, 1uego al tenis. No' no juego a| tenis. 7 S. |eo
muchos libros. No. no leo muchos |ibros. 8 S' s.;ugar aI ftbo|. No, no s
1ugar a| ftbo|. 9 Prefiero e| cine/el teatro. 10 S, soy aficionado
(aficionada) a |a te|evisin. No, no soy aficionado (aficionada) a |a te|evisin.
a| go|f
Exercise
l El coac
What3 your opinion?
es ms fuerte que el vino. 2 El ingls es ms fci| que e|

espao|. El espaol es ms fci| que el ingls' 3 Londres es ms grande
que Madrid. 4 F-l teatro es ms Caro que e| cine. El cine es ms caro que
teatro. 5 La cerveza es ms barata oue e| vino'
roy al cine
urere
tn vaso
n9
; )r riora
/1 avv,r,
L
re usted
Exercise t t Add the verb

1 Veo la te|evisin. 2 Voy al cine. 3 Juego a| go|f . 4 Doy Un paseo
|a ciudad' 5 Leo nove|as romnticas. 6 Soy aficionado (aficionada) a|
tenis. 7 Leo muchos IiLrros. 8 Escucho discos de msica clsica.
9 Juego al tenis. 10 S.1ugar al ftbol.
e|
por
Liste ntng exeTcLses
[4
Boy: He dislikes TV and prefers sports. In the summer he plays tennis with his
sister, and in winter he plays football in a youth club team.
Girl: She is not keen on sport and goes to the theatre and the cinema with her
friends. She is keen on modern theatre and romantic films. She also soes to a
disco every SaLurday evening.
KEYTOEXERCISES
305
Exercisr
what th
Reading and sports. 2 Tennis. 3 (a) el boxeo (boxing) and (e) las
carreras de caballos (horse racing). 4 She reads books or goes to the cinema.
5 Tennis. 6 He likes reading and going ro the cinema.
Dependie
Usted:
Usted:
i,
Dependie
Dependie
Res ding exerce'ses
r4
Exercise
Dependie
I The
Grass
Cutter. 2
It changed him into a
god. 3 You
must be over
Change yourself into the
film. 4 $(hite Sands. 5

victim. 6 Anyone. 7 Classical, majestic, exciting. 8 A Very Distant
Horizon. 9 Fury and passion. 10 You must be more than 18 years old.
13 years of age to see the
Usted: (
Dependier
Usted: t
Dependier
Usted:
Exercise
Great adventures of the cinema. The Tiger of
Esnapur. 2 Home-made
videos. 3 At 15.00 and 20.55. 4 A currenr affairs news

5 Football reports, in particular about Andalusian teams.
programme.
2Tiene
3 2Tiene
5 2Tiene
Exercise
I Ouiero
botella de
Pu zzles
trl
Exercise
1 Maria, tenis; 2 Pedro, ftbol; 3 Carolina, novelas;
4Pedro,
qo|f
I Ouisiera
de a|godr
a19unos gu
Exercise
TELEVISION
Una treit
cuarenta y
2au desea?
Exercise
Dependienta: Buenos das, seora. aQu desea?

Usted: Quisiera ver algunos vestidos de verano, por favor.
Dependienta: Muy bien, seora. 4Qu talla, por favor?
Usted: {Jna treinta y ocho.
Dependienta: Bien. 4De qu color quiere el vestido?
Usted: Azul, creo, o quizs verde.
Dependienta: 4ste, por ejemplo?
306
MASTERING sPlN1s1
Exercise
I It costs
4 It costs (
Exercise
I 2No tien
pequea7
carosT
Exercise
1 2ou le
parece mi
sombrero?
Exercise 2 Asking to see othe goods and estab|ishing

what things are made of
) las
he cinema.
Dependienta: ;Este, por ejemplo?

Usted: Es muy bonito, pero' .no tiene usted otro ms claro?
Dependienta: Ms claro. Vamos a ver. 4Este, entonces?
Usted: ;Ah, s! se es muy bonito. ;De qu es? iDe niln?
Dependienta: No, seora. Es de algodn. 4Quiere probrselo?
rs old.
3 Buying shoes
Dependienta: Buenos das, seor. iQu desea?
Usted: Quisiera ver algunos zapatos, por favor.
Dependienta: Muy bien, seor. ;Qu nmero gasta usted?
Usted: Un cuarenta y dos.
Dependienta: Y, ;de qu color?
Usted: Marrones.
r-made
Exercise 4 Asking if certain goods are available

1 2Tiene usted vestidos de verano? 2 i.Tiene usted bolsos de pielT
3 4Tiene usted vestidos de niln? 4 2Tiene usted Zapatos de ante?
Exercise
)e
over
lf into the
stant
ne.
5 2Tiene usted b|usas de a|godn?
Exercise
Exercise
Saying what you would |ike to see
Exercise
7 Giving the size
1 Ouiero un caf con |eche' 2 ouiero un |itro de leche. 3 ouiero una

bote||a de vino. 4 Ouiero Un coac. 5 ouiero Una cerveza.
I Oursiera ver algunos zapatos de piel. 2 Ouisiera ver algunos vestidos
de a|godn. 3 ouisiera ver a|gunas fa|das de a|godn. 4 Ouisiera ver
a|gunos guantes de pie|. 5 ouisiera ver a|gunas b|usas de algodn.
ocho. 2 Una cuarenta. 3

dos. 5 Una treinta v seis.
Una treinta y
cuarenta V
Una cincuenta
Exercise 8 Understanding the price

I It costs 4200 pesetas. 2 They cost 5600 pesetas. 3
4 It costs 6900 pesetas. 5 They cost 200 pesetas.
Exercise
9 Asking
4 Una
It costs 1700 pesetas.
to see alternative goods
2No tiene usted otros ms oscuros7 2 2No tiene usted otra ms

pequea7 3 2No tiene Usted otro ms c|aro? 4 2No tiene usted otros m5
carosT 5 ZNo tiene usted otras mas baratas?
t O Asking someoneS opinion
2ou le parece mi bolso7 2 2au le parecen mis guantes? 3 iOu |e
parece mi fa|da? 4 2au le parece mi vestido7 5 2Ou le parece mi
sombrero?
Exercise
KEY TO EXERCISES
307
Exercise I I Concfuding a sale

l S' me lo quedo. 2 S, me la quedo. 3
quedo. 5 S. me la quedo.
S, me |os
quedo" 4
Exercise t 2 Expressing you opinion

I Me parecen muy caros. 2 Me parece que sale a las ocho. 3
que la seorita Gmez est en casa. 4 Me parece muy grande
S, me |o
E
(a)
lAnendo
Me parece
5 Me parecen muy estrechos. 6 Me parece que el tren llega a Madrid a

las once. 7 Me parecen bastante baratos. 8 Me parece que llueve.
9 Me parece muy cmodo. 10 Me parece que no |lega nunca hasta |as
(b)
1
Handbag
(c)
I Socks;2.
diez.
Exercise
l3 Obtaining
clothes
2Oud
Dependiente: Buenos das, seor (seora). ;Qu desea?
Usted: Quisiera
ver algunas camisas, por favor.
Dependiente: iQu talla, por favor?

Usted: lJna treinta y ocho.
Dependiente: ;De qu color quiere la camisa?
Usted: Blanca.
Dependiente: Muy bien' seor (seora). sta es muy bonita.
Usted: iDe qu es?
Dependiente: Es de algodn.
Exercise
Usted: gT
Camarero:
Usted: Pa
Camarero:
Usted: Gr
Usted:
4Cunto vale?
Dependiente: Vale nueve mil pesetas.
Usted: Muy bien. Me la quedo.
Dependiente: Muchas gracias, seor (seora).
Camarero:
Exercise
Camarero:
Usted: So
Camarero:
Listening exercises
Usted: Ur
r4
She wishes to buy a size 40 blouse in white or yellow. The irst one is too dear
and she buys a cheaper one for 9000 pesetas.
I Simple clothing. 2 A skirt and a blouse. 3 Trousers with a blouse or

jersey. 4 The weather, and whether she is going out or not.
Read ing exercises
t4
The shop offers good prices, better service and more quality. It boasts it is the
cheapest.
3OB MASTERING SPANISH
Camarero:
Usted: S,
Camarero:
Usted: S'
Exercise
I 2Ouiere
jamn? 3
tarta he|ad
traerme m
caf soIo?
Exercise
1 Voy a tor
patatas.
de cerdo cc
7 Voy a tor
9 Voy a tor
me to
E
(a)
I An end of season sale; 2 Trousers; 3 Suits; 4 Jackets.

le parece
(b)
drid a
(c)
)ve.
sta las
I Handbags; 2 At half-price.
lSocks;24pairs.
8 4ou va a tomar?
Exercise t
Usted: lTiene
Obtaining a table and the menu
una mesa libre?

Camarero: 1Paracuntos?
Usted: Para cuatro.
Usted: Gracias. Trigame la carta, por favor.
Exercise
Ordering a meal
Camarero: 4Qu va a tomar?
Usted:
Sopa de pescado.
Usted:
S, una botella de vino tinto.
Camarero: ;Y despus?
Usted: Un bistec con patatas.
Camarero: iY para beber? iToma vino?
too dear
rse or a
it is the
Usted: S. Un helado.
Exercise
Exercise
4 Explaining
Polite requests
1 2Ouiere traerme una ensalada mixta? 2 2auiere traerme guisantes con

jamn? 3 iouiere traerme pol|o asado Con patatas? 4 2auiere traerme
tarta helada? 5 2Ouiere traerme una botella de agua mineral? 6 2Ouiere
traerme ms pan? 7 1ouiere traerme ms vino7 8 2ouiere traerme Un
caf so|o? 9 2Ouiere traerme un coac7 l0 iOuiere traerme |a cuenta7
what you are going to have
1 Voy a tomar una ensalada rusa. 2 Voy a tomar una tortilla francesa con
patatas. 3 Voy a tomar calamares a la romana. 4 Voy a tomar chuletas
de cerdo Con patatas ' 5 Voy a tomar un flan. 6 Voy a tomar un p|tano.
7 Voy a tomar queso manchego. 8 Voy a tomar un caf con |eche.
9 Voy a tomar me|ocotones en a|mbar' 10 Voy a tomar Una manzana'
T<EY
TO
E).ERCISE'S 309
r
Exercise
Getting exactly what you want
No, agua mineral sin gas. 2 No, un bistec sin patatas. 3 No, agua
mineral con gas. 4 No, pollo asado sin patatas. 5 No, merluza rebozada
con patatas.
Exercise
Simp|e orders
1 Trigame un consom' 2 Trigame judas verdes Con tomate.

3 Trigame a|cachofas rebozadas. 4 Trigame merluza rebozada'
5 Trigame besugo a| lrorno. 6 Trigame cordero asado. 7 Trigame un
f|an. 8 Trigame una bote|la de vino tinto. 9 Trigame un caf solo y un
coac. )'0 Trigame |a cuenta.
Exercise
1 S' trigame
precio. 4
cuenta. 2
S, srvame |a
5, deme |a direccin
sopa. 5
S, dgame el
' 3
s, escrbame e|
nmero de te|fono.
Exercise 8 Saying what you ae 9oin9 to do

I Voy a tomar una cerveza. 2 Voy a beber vino. 3 Voy a visitar
mUseo' 1 Voy a ver |a te|evisin. 5 Voy a leer e| peridico'
Exercise
tr_l
I Soup; pat
custard; ricr
of wine.
2 fish soup;
lamb; 2 veal
Puzzle
Giving orders
|a
Read ing
r4
romat = ton
pescado; m
el
Saying how you feel
S, tengo hambre. S, tengo mucha hambre. No, no tengo hambre. 2 S,

tengo calor. S, tengo mucho ca|or, No, no tengo ca|or. 3 S' tengo fro. S,
tengo mucho fro. No. no tengo fro. 4 S' tengo sueo. S, tengo mucho
sueo. No, no tengo sueo. 5 S, tengo sed. S, tengo mucha sed. No. no
tengo sed.
Listening exerclses
14
l st customer: Mixed hors d'oeuvres, steak and chips and a half-bottle of fizzy
mineral water.
2nd customer: Fish soup, roast chicken with a lettuce and tomato salad and a
beer.
merluza; ga
Una ensala<
Una tortilla
Una tortilla
Huevos revr
Besugo al h
Calamares e
Oueso man
Sopa rusa (
Atn con to
Tarta del tie
.q .^d
t4
I false; 2 true; 3 false; 4 true; 5 do not know (he says he likes prawns on their
'las gambas solas', or [ried 'las gambas fritas'; 6 false; 7 true.
own
Exercise
Usted:
aEs
Taxista: S.
Usted: A L
Taxista: M
3I
O MASTERING
.SPIAII.SI
Reodi ng exerczses
rgua
=bozada
I Soup; paella; spaghetti; frsh soup; mixed salad.

custard; rice pudding. 3 They are made of fish.
of wine.
Jame un
olo y un
2
4
Caramel custard;
Bread, water and a glass
2 fish soup; 2 mixed salads; 3 French omelettes; I tuna with tomato; 2 roast
lamb; 2 veal steaks; 1 red wine; L fizzy mineral water.
Puzzle
rE
let
).
romat = toffir, megratia = trigame; semonoc = consom; daspoce =

pescado. mealsarca a la manaro = calamares a la romana; zularem =
merluza; gachule y meatot = lechuga y tomate; zularem = merluza.
el
2(
o fro. S
MUChO
.
No. no
Una ensalada de lechuga y pescado (false). Lechuga y tomate.

Una tortilla francesa (true).
Una torti|la a|emana (false). Una torti||a francesa o espao|a.
Huevos revueltos con guisantes (false). Con tomate.
Besugo al horno (true).
Ca|amares en a|mbar (false). Calamares a |a romana'
Oueso manchego (true).
Sopa rusa (false). Ensaladilla rusa.
Atn con tomate (true).
Tarta del tiempo (false). Fruta del tiempo.
le of flzzy
lad and
rn their
2Adnde vamos?
Exercise I Obtaining a taxi and stating the destination

Usted: iEst
libre?
Taxista: S, seor. 2Adnde les llevo?

Usted: A la estacin de Atocha, por favor.
Taxista: Muv bien. Suban ustedes.
KEY To Ex'RC1.sEs
Exercise
Second aersion
Usted:
4Est libre?
Taxista: S, seor' iAdnde les llevo?

Usted: A la Plaza Mayor.
Taxista: Muy bien. Suban ustedes. iTienen ustedes prisa?
Usted: Si. tenemos prisa.
1 ;Cnnara
discoteca
aqui? 4
pr
Ll
una Duena
Exercise 2 Finding out train times and booking tickets
Usted: ;A qu hora sale el prximo tren para Toledo?

Taquillera: Sale a las once y media.
Usted: Dos billetes, por favor.
Taqui||era: ;De ida y vuelta o slo de ida?
Usted: De ida y vuelta.
Taqui||era: ;De qu clase, primera or segunda?
Usted: De segunda.
Secortd aersion
Usted:
1A qu hora sale el prximo tren para Barcelona?
Taquillera: Sale a las once y media.

Usted: Un billete, por favor.
Taquillera: ;De ida y vuelta o slo de ida?
Usted: De
ida.
Taquil|era: 4De qu clase, primera o segunda?

Usted: De primera.
Exercise 3 Asking for change
1 2Tiene cambio de quinientas pesetasT 2 2Tiene cambio de cien pesetas?

3 2Tiene cambio de cinco mil pesetasT 4 2Tiene cambio de cincuenta
pesetas? 5 2Tiene cambio de dos mil pesetas?
Exercise 4 Asking arrival times

l 2A que hora |lega el tren a Madrid? 2 2A qu hora l|ega e| autobs a|
Centro de la ciudad? 3 2A qu hora l|ega e| taxi a| hote|7 4 2A qu hora
||ega el tren a |a costa? 5 2A qu hora ||ega el autoLrs a| museo7
Exercise
5 Asking
if something is Possible o Permitted
1 2Se puede aparcar aqu? 2 2Se puede fumar en esta habitacin7 3 iSe
puede comer ahora? 4 iSe puede entrar en el museo? 5 25e puede
probar este vestidoT
Exercise
Stating that something is or is not Permitted
l No' no se puede aparcar en esta cal|e. 2 S. se puede tomar vino con la

comida' 3 S, se puede.1ugar a| go|f aqui. 4 No' no se puede hacer caf
en la habitacin' 5 S, se puede comer ms tarde.
Exercise
1 S' s hab
bailar. 3
no s.iugar
Exercise'
1 S' |a con.
tes conozco
Exercise
etc.
1 2Dond s
3 2Dond s
se hacen lo
Listening
tE
She wishes
8.30 pm.
On the
se
4 By Metrc
train. 8 R
Reading e
I You have
to neighbou
couchettes.
September.
Exercise 7 Asking if someone knows of certain places

1 2Conoce Usted un buen caf por aqu? 2 2Conoce Usted Una buena
discoteca por aqu? 3 2Conoce Usted Una buena tienda de modas por
aqui? 4 2Conoce Usted Un buen restaurante por aqu7 5 2Conoce usted
una buena farmacia oor aaui?
ets
Exercise
Can you or cant you?
1 S' s hab|ar francs. No, no s hab|ar francs. 2 St, s Lrai|ar. No, no s

bailar. 3 S' s hacer caf. No' no s hacer caf. 4 S' s.,1u9ar a| go|f' No
no s.;ugara| go|f. 5 S' s hab|ar ing|s' No, no s hab|ar ing|s.
Exercise 9 Do you know them or dont you?

1 S' |a Conozco' 2 No, no |es conozco. 3 No, no |a conozco
|es conozco. 5 S, |a conozco.
'1 No. no
Exercise t O Asking where things are sold, made, bought,

etc.
2Dond se Compran |os cigarril|os? 2 2Dond se venden los re|o..1es?

2Dond se hacen |as camisas7 4 ;Dond se vende el vino? 5 zDond
se hacen los traJesT
Listening exercises
pesetasT
:nta
bs al
u hora
ted
i 32Se
ede
She wishes to buy

8.30 pm.
first class return ticket to Alicante and to arrive before
1 On the sea by boat (por el mar en barco). 2 By car. 3 He goes by bus.

4 By Metro. 5 It is more practical. 6 By bicycle (en bicicleta). 7 By
train. 8 Romantic. 9 It makes the journey more interesting.
Reading exercises
2 Cafeteria and crche. Coach connections
Saturdays and \ednesdays' 4 Sieeping car and
couchettes. 5 No, it does not run from 24th of June to the lTth of
September. 6 There is a coach service.
1 You have to pay a supplement.
Ited
o con la
Lc|
to neighbouring
towns. 3
Ld|
KEYTOEXERCISES 3I3
Puzzles
Exercise
_ Buenos das. 2ou desea?
Ouisiera ir a Barcelona.
2Cmo quiere ir, en tren o en autocar ?
_ Todo depende de| precio. 1Cunto va|e en tren 7
- En tren es ms caro - dos mi| quinientas pesetas - pero es ms rapido y
ms cmodo, c|aro.
- 2Y en autocar ?
- En autocar son mil trescientas pesetas, ida y vuelta.
- Pues deme un billete en tren para maana.
_ Muy bien. seorita.
- 2A qu hora sale el tren 7
- A las tres y media de la tarde.
o 2Tiene una habitacin |ibre?
Exercise
Booking a oom
Recepcionista: Buenas tardes. 4En qu puedo servirle?

Usted: Buenas tardes. 4Tiene una habitacin libre?
Usted: Doble, por favor.
Recepcionlsta: 1Con cuarto de bao o con ducha?
Usted: Con cuarto de bao.
Usted: Me
no func
Portero:
1I
Second t,ersit
Usted: Me
Portero: 1I
Exercise
I Voy a Ser
para Crdol
sbado.
Exercise
1 It costs
2t
30 000 pese
100 pesetas
Exercise
Me parec
bastante ca
Exercise
1 24 qu ht
qu hora se
vende la fru
Second z;ersion
Recepcionista: Buenas tardes. 4En qu puedo servirle?

Usted: Buenas tardes. ;Tiene una habitacin libre?
Recepcionista: ;Individual o doble?
Usted: Individual.
Recepcionista: 1Con cuarto de bao o con ducha?
Usted: Con ducha.
Exercise 2 Finding out the price

Usted: 4Cunto vale la habitacin?
Recepcionista: La habitacin vale ocho mil pesetas por da. Luego tiene usted
las comidas.
4Cunto valen las comidas?
Recepcionista: El desayuno vale cuatrocientas pesetas, er almuerzo y la cena
Usted: Doce mil cuatrocientas pesetas por da entonces.
Usted:
Recepcionista: No. La pensin completa vale un poco menos: doce mil

pesetas por da. ;Quiere usted la pensin completa?
Usted:
S, por favor.
Exercise
1 Empiezo
3 Ouiero/N
5 Tengo/Nr
coche/auto
ciudad.
a las
l2
8
(+ timt
Sirvo,/Nt
Exercise'
I Me hace
3 Me
hacer
hace falta u
Exercise
Making complaints
Usted: Me parece que
esta toalla no est |impia y la luz en el cuarto de bao
no funciona.
Portero: ;Perdoneusted!
Second z;ersion
raproo y
Usted: Me parece que esta cama

Portero: lPerdoneusted!
est sucia, y el telfono no funciona.
Exercise
Saying when you do things
Exercise
Understanding what things cost
1 Voy a Sevi||a el mirco|es. 2 Empiezo mi trabajo el Viernes' 3 Sa|go

para Crdoba e| .;ueves. 4 L|ego a Barcelona e| martes. 5 Estoy |ibre e|
sbado.
It costs 2000 pesetas a day. 2 It costs 7000 pesetas a week' 3 It costs
30 000 pesetas a month. 4 It costs 3000 pesetas an hour. 5 It costs
100 pesetas a day.
Exercise
Expressin9 oPinions
1 Me parece exce|ente. 2 Me parece muy simptica. 3 Me parece
bastante
Cara. 4 Me parece muy romntica' 5 Me parece
Exercise
7 Asking
Exercise
8 Answering
barato.
when and whee things happen
1 2,A qu hora se sirve |a cena? 2 2Dndese venden |as asp|rinas? 3 2A

qu hora se abre e| banco? 4 2Dnde se puede aparcar? 5 2Dnde se
vende la fruta?
ene usted
l^ LLrrd
y,, ra
^^--
questions
Empiezo mi traba.lo a las (+ time). 2 Prefiero el vino/la cetveza.

3 Ouiero/No quiero ser rico (rica). 4 Me siento en la sala de estar.
5 TengolNo tengo hermanos. 6 Vengo a mi traba,;o en
coche/autoLrs/tren,/bicic|etala pie' 7 Nieva/No nieva mucho en mi
ciudad. 8 JuegolNo juego al golf . 9 Duermo bien/mal. 10 Me acuesto
a |as (+ time) |os sbados' 11 L|ueve/No |lueve mucho en mi regin.
12 Sirvo/No sirvo vino con la comida los domingos.
Exercise9 Expressing a need
1 Me hace falta una toalla limpia . 2 Me hace falta una chaqueta de piel.
falta unos calcetines. 4 Me hace falta un relo..1 de oro. 5 Me
3 Me hacen
hace falta una cartera nueva.
doce mil
KEY TO EXERCISES 3I5
r
Liste nxng
tE
exercz.se.s
Exercise
Robert: Y
The customer wants a single room with a shower and a telephone;

asks about
the price of the room, whether breakfast is included and
at what time breakfast
rs served. The room costs 4000 pesetas per day.
iverdad
Usted:
S.
Usted:
S,
Dependienl
Dependient
The room is dirty, the shower is not working and the mini-bar
is emptv.
I To
make a compraint. you probabry gathered this from the gist

of the whore
conversation. The expression actuaily used was 'Tengo unu q,i"_1u'
- I have a
complaint. 2 The bathroom is very dirty and the telephone do-es nor
work.
3 At 11.30 that morning. 4 Fourreen.
Usted: S.
Robert: S
Dependient
Usted:
sr
Exercise
Robert: U;
Usted: Me
Camarero:
Usted: Un
Reodin I exercxses
Exercise'
gustan.
gustan.
tE
1 S' me gu
DIAZ habitaciones Solo
dormir. 2
Habitaciones con bao y ca|efaccin.

Centrico' calefaccin Central.
Salida a piscina. 3 Hostal princesa.

4 Se alquila piso en Tru.1il|o. Amplio,
Hotel
Guzmn. 2
Hote|
Miramar. 3 Hote| Guzmn' 4 Hote|
Exercise
oe compras
Cata|n.
Recepcin (Reception); recepcionista (receptionist); f|ores (flowers);

portero
(porter); criente (customer); maleta (suitcase); perro (dog);
comedor (diningroc.rm); mesa (table); Camarero (waiter)' Did you find
anv thers?
1 No,nom
3 No,nom
Puzzles
2Le gusta?
al
tenis.
10 No, no
Exercise
1 No, no
el
calor.
le
4
le gusta la C
9 S, |e gust
Exercise
things
I l\ln ma nr
me gusta tri
Exercise t
Finding out what things are made of
Usted: iCon qu se fabrica todo esto?

Emp|eado: Con oro y acero, seora. Es el arte tpico de Toledo y se
llama arte
damasquinado. ll-e gusta?
Usted: S, me gusta mucho. .Qu se fabrica aqur exactamente?
Emp|eado: Aqu se fabrica de todo, seora: broches, collares' pendientes,
espadas ...
MASTERING 5'PIA'1S-1
churros.
Exercise
gustaria.
comida espi
tabaco espa
1 S' me gu'
Exercise2 Selecting
a gift
Robert: Y unos pendientes para Dolores. Le gustan los pendientes
a Dolores,
;verdad?
asks about
e breakfast
)ty.
Usted:
S, creo que s. iTiene usted pendientes?

Dependienta: Claro que s, seora. Estos son muy bonitos,
Usted: S, son
1no?
bastante bonitos, pero me gustan ms aqullos.
Dependienta: ;stos,seora?
Usted: S. ;No te gustan' cario?
Robert: S, me gustan mucho. 1Son caros?
Dependienta: No, seor. Slo mil ochocientas pesetas.
Usted: stos,entonces.
3 Getting a drinl<
Usted: Me gustara tomar algo fro. ;Qu tiene?
Camarero: Pues hay batidos, horchata, limn natural, cerveza
Usted: Un limn natural. por favor.
Exercise
the whole
I have a
rt work.
'nncesa.
Ampio,
:| Cata|n.
Exercise 4 Saying what you lil(e

l S. me gusta. 2 S' me gusta' 3 No' no me gusta. 4 No, no me
gustan. 5 S, me gusta. 6 S, me gustan. 7 No' no me gusta' 8
gustan. 9 No. no me gusta' l0 S, me gustan.
S, me
Exercise 5 Saying what you like doing

l No, no me gusta arreg|ar e| coche. 2 S, me gusta Ver |a te|evision.
3 No, no me gusta traba1ar' 4 S, me gusta comer bien. 5 S, me gusta ir
de compras. 6 s' me gUsta estudiar e| espao|. 7 No' no me 9ustaJUgar
a| tenis. 8 No, no me gusta beber vino. 9 5, me gusta escuchar discos'
10 No, no me gusta dar un paseo.
Exercise
\. ^rtr^
/1 vvr LU v
;r (dining-
Ta|king for others

e| coac. 2 S, |e gustan |as rubias. 3 No' no |e gusta
e| ca|or. 4 S' |e gusta el caf solo. 5 S' le gustan los museos. 6 No, no
le gusta |a Coca Co|a. 7 S' |e gustan |os churros' 8 No, no |e gusta e| so|.
9 S' le gustan |as vacaciones. l0 No' no |e gusta e| fro.
1 No. no le gusta
Exercise 7 Saying how much you like things or doing

things
llama arte
endientes,
1 \lo me gUsta nada escuchar d|scos. 2 Me gUsta bastante bai|ar' 3 No

me gUsta trabaJar' 4 Me gUSta mucho Espaa. 5 Me gUstan bastante |os
churros. 6 No me gusta nada |a cerveza espao|a" 7 Me 9usta mucho |a
comida espao|a. 8 Me gUstan bastante |os espao|es' 9 No me 9usta e|
tabaco espao|. 10 Me gustan mucho |as chicas espao|as.
Exercise
Accepting an invitation willingly or reiecting it
1 5, me gustara mucho' 2 S, me gustara mucho. 3 No' no me

gustara. 4 S. me gustara mucho. 5 No. no me gUstaria.
KEY TO EXERCISES
317
Exercise
Flatter the speaker
1 Me encanta su vestido. 2 Me encantan sus
ciudad. 4
Me encanta su
muier. 5
hr..1os
Me encantan
. 3
sr r<
Me encanta su
nendipnfec
Me encar
Exercise I o Giving you oPinion of things

I Me aburre la ciudad. 2 Me interesan esos hombres. 3 Me gusta
bastante la comida. 4 Me aburren las revistas. 5 Me interesa el programa
Exercise I I Saying how much money you have left
1 Me quedan dos mil pesetas. 2 Me quedan cuarenta pesetas. 3 Me
quedan ocho mil pesetas. 4 Me quedan ciento ochenta pesetas. 5 Me
quedan cuatrocientas veinte pesetas.
Exercisr
Juan: a(
Usted:
Juan:
a(
Usted: I
Listenlng exerczses
Juan: A
r4
Usted:
I Cars are produced in Valencia and Barcelona. 2 Apples are grown 1n

northern Spain in the region of Asturias. 3 Stamps are sold in the state
tobacconist's. 4 Shoes are produced in Menorca. 5 Oranges are grown in
the regi,,n of Valencia.
When it's nice, Paco likes to go to the swimming
pclo1 or to the beach' \7hen
the weather is bad, he likes to stay at home and read or watch the television.
When the weather is very hot, in the summer, Ana likes to sunbathe in the
garden, or go to the countryside with her friends.
Juan: N
Usted: I
Exercisr
3
5
2Por qc
2Por qt
2Por qu
Exercisc
Taquillera
Usted:
Usted:
Taquillera
Taquillera
I true; 2 false; 3 true; 4
do not
know; 5 true; 6 truel 7
true.
Reading exercises
I She likes going out with her friends, going to the countryside or the beach,
sunbathing, or swimming in the swimming-pool or the sea. 2 It is fairly cold.
3 She likes to go to the theatre or the cinema. 4 She likes to read. 5 She
likes interesting books, particularly biographies of important people from
Spanish history. 6 She does not like sport. 7 She finds them boring.
8 What you do in your spare time.
Puzzl
14
Doa Rosa, playing golf; Don Juan, bananas; Carolina, chips; Mara'
sunbathing; Mateo, swimming; Paco, playing tennis.
3IB MASTERING
.SPINISH
Usted:
a(
Taquillera
Second aer
Taquillera
Usted: e
Taquillera:
Usted:
Taquillera:
Usted:
a(
Taquillera:
Exercise
Usted: 1I
Juan: iQ
Usted: P
Juan: Mr
ITA SU
;.
E
Me enCanta el espaol.
.a
rograma.
3Me
5Me
n 1n
rtate
grown ln
r. When
evision.
in the
true.
2Por qu no vamos al cine?
Exercise I Planning an outing

Juan: 4Qu quieres hacer esta tarde?
Usted: 4Por qu no Vamos al cine?
Juan: 1Qu ponen?
Usted: No
s. ;Dnde est el peridico?
Usted: Ah,
s. Aqu est.
Juan: Ah est' en la mesa.

Usted: iEn qu pgina est la gua de espectculos?
Juan: No 1o s seguro. En ia pgina diez u once.
Exercise
Making suggestions
Exercise
Obtaining tickets or seats
2Por qu no Vamos al teatro?

3 2Por qu no Vamos a| museo7
5 2Por qu no Vamos a |a p|aza?
2 2Por qu no Vamos a las tiendas?

4 1Por qu no Vamos a |a discoteca?
Taqui|lera: Buenas tardes. 4Qu desea?
Usted: Buenas tardes. Quiero dos butacas, por favor.

Taqui||era: 4Para la sesin de la tarde o de la noche?
Usted: De la tarde, por favor.
Taquil|era: Aqu tiene usted. Dos butacas en la fila veinte.
Usted: ;Cunto valen?
Taquillera: Mil doscientas pesetas.
Second ztersion
air1y cold
:rom
ing.
She
Taquil|era: Buenas tardes. ;Qu desea?

Usted: Quiero cuatro butacas, por favor.
Taqui||era: ;Para ia sesin de la tarde o de la noche?
Usted: De la noche.
Taqui|lera: Aqu tiene usted. Cuatro butacas en la fila veinte.
Taquillera: Dos mil cuatrocientas pesetas.
Exercise 4 lnviting someone to have a drink

Usted: ;Por qu no tomamos un aperitivo
en aquel bar? Vamos; te invito.

qu
amable!
me
invitas?
;Qu
4Por
Usted: Porque eres muy guapo y te quiero mucho.
Juan: Muv bien.
Juan:
KEY TO EXERCI.9ES 319
Exercise 5 Explaining why you are not doing something

and that you prefer something else
l Porque me gustan ms |as chu|etas' 2 Porque me gusta ms el tenis'
3 Porque me gusta ms el museo. 4 Porque me gusta ms ver |a
televisin. 5 Porque me gusta ms el campo.
Exercise Saying that you do not know and that you
companion does not know either
1 No, no |o s. No, no lo sabe' 2 No, no |o s. No' no lo sabe. 3 No, no
lo s. No, no |o saben. 4 No, no |o s. No, no lo saben. 5 No, no lo s.
importa e
color.
Exercisr
t
I r
dudJu
Hablo
al tenis. JL
Listenin,
No, no lo sabe.
Exercise 7 Saying how you intend to get there

1 Voy en avin. 2 voy en tren. 3 Vamos a pie. 4 Voy en autobs.
5 Vamos en taxi.
Exercise
1
5, estoy
de
Exercise
acuerdo. 4
acuerdo. 5 No, no
S, estoy de
estoy de acuerdo.
Describing things in an exclamatoty way
e5 esa
seorita! 2 iau grande es |a habitacin| 3 1ou

4 iou barato es este vestido! 5 ;Ou fuerte es este
bonito es este bo|so|

coacI
One
What to
(a) In A.
spe
Do you agree or dont you?

acuerdo 2 No, no estoy de acuerdo. 3
S, estoy de
1 ;Ou guapa
because th
rs to go shr
a summer
interesting
does not fz
Alcal'was
Reading
Exercise I O Saying when you and your companion begin

to do things
I Me pongo a trabaJar a las ocho y media. Se pone a traba,lar a las nueve y
cuarto. 2 Me pongo a estudiar a las siete. Se pone a estudiar a las seis.
3 Me pongo a preparar la cena a las cinco y media. Se pone a preparar la
cena a las seis menos cuarto. 4 Me pongo a Jugar al golf a las seis y media.
Se pone a Jugar al golf a las once y media.
Exercise t
t Finding
La Llama
Puzzles
lf;2e;3h;
out exactly where things are
1 2En qu piso est |a oficina7 2 1En qu pueb|o est el castillo? 3 2En

qu andn est el tren? 4 1En qu direccin est Ia playa? 5 2En qu
cal|e est la piscina? 6 1En qu ciudad est eI camping? 7 2En qu parte
est el teatro? 8 2En qu p|aza est el supermercado? 9 2En qu ca|le
est el ta||er? 10 2En qu pueb|o est el hospita|?
Exercise l2 Expressing a fack of concern

I No me importa la hora. 2 No me importa el tiempo. 3 No me importa
e| viaje. 4 No me importa e| ca|or. 5 No me importa e| fro. 6 No me
320 MASTERING SPIN/S1
I La Fondz
Exercise
Usted: Bt
Vendedor:
Usted:
2C
Vendedor:
pesetas
Usted: s
:hing
tent5.
our
3 No, no
ro |o s.
importa el retraso. 7 No me importa el traba.1o. 8 No me importa el

No me importa la niebla. 10 No me importa el programa.
color. 9
t 3 Saying how you do things

1 Traba.io rpidamente. Traba-1o |entamente. 2 Duermo bien. Duermo ma|.
3 Hablo e| espao| fci|mente. Hablo el espaol difcilmente' 4 Juego bien
al tenis. Juego mal al tenis. 5 Desayuno deprisa. Desayuno despacio.
Exercise
Listening exercises
E]
1 One speaker invites the other to play a game of golf. The invitation is refused
because the second speaker does not know how to play go1f. 2 The invitation
is to go shopping and is accepted because the second speaker would like to buy
a summer dress. Thev asree to meet in the Puerta del Sol at 10.30.
cle
1 $7hat to do the next day. 2 They go io the cinema. 3 She cannot see any
interesting films in the Entertainments Gurde. 4 Dracula. 5 She says she
3 iOu
te es este
does notfancy goingto see it. 6 Itis anewversion ofthe film. 7 At 7 pm.
8 (a) In Alcal Street' (The other Streets do exist in Madrid, but .La Cal|e de
A|caI,was the correct answer.)
Reading exercises
begin
I La Fonda; 2 Ouattrocento; 3 El Pescador; 4 La Galette; 5 Casa Pepe;

6 La Llama;7 El Organillo; 8 Dario's.
rs nueve y
Puzzles
las seis.
lf;2e;3h; 4i;5b;
eparar la
is
6a; 7i, 8d; 99; 10c.
y media.
|
2En
:n qu
qu parte
,a Ld||c
--l^
f
e rmporta
No me
2Cunto va|e?
Exercise
I Obtaining
postcards
Usted: Buenos das. ;Tiene usted tarjetas postales de Toledo?

Vendedor: S' ah estn' seora, al lado de las revistas.
Vendedor: Las grandes valen cuarenta y cinco pesetas y las pequeas treinta
peSetaS) seora.
Usted: Estas
seis, por favor. Tengo cuatro grandes y dos pequeas.
KEY TO E'xER.Is'Es 321
Exercise
2 Asking
about newsPaPers and stamps
USted:
Vendedor: No, seora. La prensa extranjera i|ega a las cuatro de la
4Tiene usted peridicos ingleses?
Slo tengo e| Times, pero
Exercise
tarde.
eS de ayer.
Usted: No, gracias. lTiene sellos para las tarjetas?

Vendedor: No, seora. Los sellos Se compran en Correos.
Exercise
3 Asking
Exercise
Pices and obtaining stamPs
Usted: Buenos das. 2Cunto vaie mandar una tarjeta postal a Inglaterra?
Dependienta: Vale cuarenta y cinco pesetas.
Usted: iY una carta?
Deoendienta: Una carta vale 1o mismo, cuarenta y cinco pesetas.
Usted: Bueno. Deme seis sellos de cuarenta y cinco pesetas' por favor.
Buying food for a Picnic
Vendedor: Buenos das. 1Qu desea?

Usted: Pngame un cuarto de kilo de jamn.
Vendedor: {amn serrano o jamn de York?
Usted: Jamn de York'
Vendedor: Aqu tiene. 1Algo ms?
Usted: S, un cuarto de kilo de ese queso manchego.
Vendedor: Muy bien. sEso es todo?
Usted: gTiene mantequilla?
Usted: iTiene un paquete de cien gramos?
Exercise
3
5
5 Asking
about eading matter

ing|esas7 2 2riene Usted revistas
1Tiene Usted nove|as

2Tiene Usted peridicos
franceses? 4
2T|ene usted perdicos ita|ianos?
Exercise
espao|as7
ingleses7
libros
usted
2Tiene
Buying things
1 Pngame dos ki|os de manzanas' 2 Pngame medio ki|o de queso'

3 Pngame un ki|o de me|ocotones. 4 Pngame un Cuarto de kilo de
mantequi|la. 5 Pngame treinta litros de gaso|ina'
Exercise
Buying things
1 Deme una lata de guisantes. 2 Deme una caJa de cerillas. 3 Deme una
barra de pan. 4 Deme seis sellos de treinta pesetas. 5 Deme el Times.
Exercise
8 Finding
out where to buy things
1 2Dnde se compra |a |eche7 2 2Dnde se Compra e| azcar?

3 2Dnde se Compran los sel|os? 4 2Dnde 5e Compran los peridicos
ing|eses7 5 2Dnde Se Compran |as taUetas postales7
322 MASTERING SPINIS'I
EI ing|s
Los negr
Exercise
somethil
1 2Cunto
una tarJeta
4 2Cunto
Exercise
1 LadePa
La de Pa,
Exercise
1 Aqu|los,
favor. 5
Listening
tE
I
l/2 kilo
':
bananas; I
Shopping
Reading
The dish is
Puzzles
Conchita fo
Exercise
.a tarde.
Selecting something
E| tinto, por favor. 3 Los espaoles,
por favor. 5 La pequea, por favor'
1 El ing|s' por favor. 2
Los negros'
por favor.
Exercise t O Finding out how much it costs to do

something
1 2Cunto vale mandar Una carta a |ng|aterra? 2 2Cunto Va|e mandar
rra?
Unidos? 3 2Cunto va|e aparcar7

tenis? 5 iCunto va|e entrar en e| museo7
una taryeta posta| a los Estados
1Cunto va|e.';ugar a|
Exercise t I Pointing out what something is like

I La de Pablo es guapa. 2 Los de Juan son altos. 3 El de Marta
es verde.
La de Paco es pequea.
Exercise t 2 Pointing out which one you want

l Aqu||os, por favor. 2 se, por favor. ] sta'por favor. 4
favor' 5 Aqu|las' por favor.
stos, por
List enxng exerclses

I
l/2 kilo'serrano'ham; I kilo of blue cheese.

bananas; I kilo ofblack grapes.
2 kilos of apples; 1/2 kilo of
Shopping List I is correct.

so.
oe
Reading exercises
The dish is a Spanish omelette.
eme una
'imes.
Puzzles
Conchita forgot to buy wine, two glasses, fish, pears and grapes
2En qu puedo servirle?
Exercise
t Asking
Exercise
1 No smok
square. 5
what is possible
1 2Es posible comprar cigarrillos en el hotel? 2 2Es posible comer a la una?

3 2Es posible cambiar cheques de viajero en este bancoT 4 2Es posible
probarse el vestido? 5 2Es posible ver algunos bolsos de piel?
Exercise
Spanish
No, no
sr
S, se put
Exercise2 HiringaCa
Usted: Buenos das. Aqu puedo alquilar un coche, 4verdad?

Emp|eado: E.so es. iPara cuntos das?
Usted: Slo para hoy. Quiero visitar los molinos de Campo de Criptana'
EmpIeado: Muy bien, seor. iPara cuntas personas?
Usted: Para dos; mi mujer y yo. iTiene un coche econmico?
Exercise
1 25 peset;
piece. 4'
Exercise
Parking the car
Guardia: Buenas tardes, seora. iEn qu puedo ayudarla?

Usted: ;Se puede aparcar el coche en esta calle?
Guardia: S, seora. Est prohibido aparcar en la plaza, pero el coche
bien aqu. No se preocupe.
Usted: Gracias. iEs posible ir en el coche hasta los molinos?
Guardia: No, seora.
Exercise
Exercise
est
Buying petol
Empleado: Buenas tardes. iQu le pongo?

Usted: Pngame veinte litros, por favor.
Emp|eado: iSper, sin plomo o normal?
Usted: Sper.
Empleado: Ya est. 1Algo ms?
Usted: No, gracias. ;Cunto es?
Exercise
5 Finding
No quier
nada. 5
Exercise
No bebo
oficina.
Exercise
1 Mi.;efe
en casa.
salir con ru
Liste ning
[d
I 250 kms;
out if you can o cannot do something
2Puedo fumar? 2 2Puedo salir ahora? 3 2Puedo aparcar aqu?

1Puedo hablar con e| .;efe? 5 2Puedo ver la te|evisin?
Exercise
Understanding prices and quantities

1 5000 pesetas a day, sir. 2 1500 pesetas per person, sir. 3 20 000 pesetas
a week, sir. 4 100 pesetas per half-hour, sir. 5 150 pesetas a minute, sir.
Exercise 7 Finding out if something o someone is ready
1 2Est |isto e| desayuno7 2 2Est |ista |a comida? 3 2Est |isto el coche7
4 2Estn listos Ios zapatos7 5 2Est lista su mu1er?
324 MASTERINGSPINISH
1 You can
street
charge.
1n a
I a;2 b;3
Reading
I No park
on the brid
and unloac
Exercise
Understanding notices
1 No smoking. 2 No entrance. 3 No bathing. 4 No parking in the

square. 5 No access.
a una?
)le
Exercise 9 Explaining what is allowed in England to a

Spanish friend by answering his questions
1 No, no se puede. 2 S, se puede. 3 No, no se puede' 4 S, se puede.
5
S, se puede.
Exercise t O Understanding prices and quantities

I 25 pesetas a litre. 2 It costs 600 pesetas a metre. 3 It costs 40 pesetas
piece. 4
The pair costs 10 000 pesetas.
Exercise
tl SaYing'nothing'
Exercise
5 It's 80
pesetas a p,rrtion.
1 No ouiero nada. 2 No veo nada. 3 No tomo nada. 4 No estudio

nada. 5 No hago nada.
he est
Saying you never do something
1 No bebo nunca vino. 2 NO fumo nunca. 3 No duermo nunca en

oficina. 4 No visito nunca museos. 5 No tomo nunca el sol'
Exercise t 3 What ae you allowed to do?
1 Mi.Jefe no me dela dormir en la oficina. 2 Mis hljos no me
en
coac. 4
casa. 3 Mi doctor no me de'Ja beber

rubias. 5 Mi marido no me dela i
salir con
Mi
mu.1er
de..1an
la
estudiar
no me deJa
al bar'
Listening exercises
E]
hins
1 250
kms;2 621 kms;3 70 kms;4 231
l<ms.
E
1 You can't visit the castle. 2 You can't park in the square, but you can park
in a street nearby. 3 You can smoke. 4 You can't speak to the person in
pesetas
charge.
, sir.
rdy
.oche7
).
a;2b;3 a;4 c;5 b;6 a;7 c;8
b.
Reading exercises
I No parking. We shall inform
the tow-away truck. 2 Pedestrian. Take care

on the bridge. Walk in singie i1e on your left. 3 Pedestrian zone. Loading
and unloading from 8.00 to 12.00. 4 Danger. Temporary road surface.
KEY To ExER.IsEs- 325
5 Attention. Bus lane on your right. City Centre. Post Ofice. Tourist
Office. Museum. Basilica of St Mary. 7 Attention. Radar speed check.
8 39 kms. awa-v. Avila, the best walled city in the world. 9 Street traders are
forbidden in the village streets. 10 Drive carefully through rhe rown.
Schools. Doctors' surgeries. Pensioners' C1ub.
Exercis,
Exercisr
El tubo de escape
El limpiaparabrisas
El reposacabezas
El voiante
El
El
El
El
neumtico
parabrisas
parachoques
maletero
E| cap
El faro
No pue
votver a li
pueoo pc
Puzzles
1f
2h
31
,lb
5a
6c
7d
8e
99
10i
Suelo c
ra tar
por
Exhaust pipe
nt tp p<npl
\7indscreen wiper
Headrest
Steering wheel
Tyre (Tire in American English)
$(/indscreen
Bumper (trender in American English)

Boot (Trunk in American English)
Bonnet (Hood in American English)
Headlamp
Exercisr
Hay qu
compras.
de
via_jero
Exercisc
I El cator
trabaJar e
Mara' 4
octubre
5 4ou vas a hacer?
Exercise
v(
Exercise
I Voyac,
mircoles
4Voyat(
Making plans
Mara: ;Qu vas a hacer e1 domingo por la maana, Juana?

Usted: Me gustara visitar el Rastro' ese mercado grande que hay aqu en
sbado qL
Madrid. ;Puedes ir conmigo?
Mara: Con mucho gusto. 4Dnde nos vemos?

Usted: Delante de mi hotel a las nueve y media. ;Te
Maria: Me parece estupendo.
Exercise
parece bien?
Arranging to meet
Usted: Oye' Juan,
4ests libre maana por la tarde?

S, creo que s. 4Por qu?
Usted: 4Por qu no jugamos un partido de golP
Juan: Muy bien. 1A qu hora quedamos?
Juan:
Usted: A
ias tres, si te va bien. Te espero delante de mi hotel, si quieres.
Exercise 3 Finding out what people intend to do

l iou vas a hacer e| sbado por la tarde? 2 1au vas a hacer e| domingo
por |a maana7 3 2ou vas a hacer e| .1ueves por |a tarde? 4 2ou vas a
hacer la semana que viene? 5 1ou vas a hacer e| |unes que V|ene por a
tarde?
Exercise 4 Saying what you would like to do

l S, me gustara. 2 No, no me gustara 3 S, me gustara mucho.
4 No, no me gustara nada. 5 S, me gustara.
326
MASTERING SPINISH
Exercise
l Vendr
Granada e
Podr at
lunes que
Exercise
1 Aprende
.1 Usted to
das.
Liste ning
tE
I
Saturday
Madrid.
Exercise
lers are
por
Saying what you usually do

seis. 2 Suelo llegar a casa a las diez. 3 No suelo
|a tarde. 4 Sue|o coqer el autobs. 5 Suelo trabaiar mucho.
rlst
Suelo cenar a las
Exercise
salir
Saying what you have to do
No puedo porque tengo que estudiar. 2 No puedo porque tengo que

volver a la oficina. 3 No puedo porque tengo que ver a mi mu.1er. 4 No
puedo porque tengo que escribir una carta. 5 No puedo porque tengo
que esperar a mi hljo
Exercise 7 Saying what one ought to do

1 Hay que visitar Toledo. 2 Hay que comprar pan. 3 Hay que ir de
compras. 4 Hay que conocer Madrid. 5 Hay que cambiar unos cheques
de viajero.
rglish)
h)
Lish)
Exercise
traba..lar en
casa. I
Dates from your diary
1 El catorce de febrero voy a visltar Toledo. 2 El diez de agosto voy
Mara. 4 E| primero de mayo Voy a Cenar con

octubre voy a comprar un coche.
Exercise
Exercise
El veinticinco de marzo voy a ir a la discoteca con
Marta. 5
E|
once de
When are you going to do it?
1 Voy a comprar el coche el mes que viene. 2 Voy a visitar el museo el

mirco|es que viene. 3 Voy a Ver a don A|fonso |a semana que viene.
4 Voy a termlnar el trabaJo el viernes que viene. 5 Voy a ir de compras el
sbado oue viene.
aqul en
Talking about the future
1 Vendr a Cenar con Usted e| .1ueves que viene. 2 Visitar su CaSa en

Granada e| verano que viene' 3 Sabr e| precio maana por |a tarde.
1 Podr arreg|ar e| coche e| martes que viene. 5 Comprar e| tocadiscos
lunes que viene.
e|
Exercise t t Tall<ing about the future

3S.
omingo
vasa
oor la
'
1 Aprender e| francs. 2 Vers |a te|evisin

3 Juan ayudar a su mujer
Usted tomar e| so| en |a p|aya. 5 Reservar una habitacin para quince
4
d
as.
Listening exercises
I Saturday. 2
The morning.
Madrid. 5 From
1.45 pm.
1.30
pm.
3 To the Prado. 4 A
6 In
large museum in
front ofone ofthe soeakers'offices a
)ar anriar
Usted:
1 Next Saturday. 2 The heat. 3 They should go swimming. 4 To a lake
in the mountains. 5 Very fresh (fresqusima). 6 The Escorial. 7 At 9 am.
8 In Spain Square (|aPlaza de Espaa).
Reading exercises
I 2 pm on September 20th. 2 At 4.10 pm. 3 Go and meet her at the

airport. 4 A fortnight. 5 The Tower of London, Buckingham Palace, the
British Museum and Trafalgar Square. She rarely drinks. 7 Drink a beer
in one of the famous pubs. 8 She calls them the 'perfidious Anglo-Saxons'.
Exercisr
Juan: gF
Usted: S
Juan: 1T
Usted: iH
Exercisr
1 S, apar
un perne.
verb.)
change in
Puzz les
p)t<1J.
t4l
discos de
Id;2a;3f; 4b;5c;
Exercise
6e
S' vi
|a
ras once.
I In the centre; 2 Madrid; 3 Toledo; 4 Campo de Criptana; 5 Madrid; 6 In the

South.
Exercise
I Fui al ci
marido.
tarde con
Exercise
1 S' acab
acaba de
Exercise t
Finding out what something means

Mara: Mira, Juana, ciento veinte pesetas. E.s una ganga.
Usted: Lo siento, Mara, pero no comprendo. iQu quiere decir
Mara: Es una cosa que eS muy barata, como ese peine.
Usted: Ah, s' Ahora comprendo'
Exercise
.una ganga'?
Exercise 2 Saying where you went and how you liked it

Mara: ;Visitaste la catedral en Toledo?
Usted: S, claro. Fui dos Veces.
Mara: Y, ate gust?
Usted: Me gust mucho.
Exercise 3 Saying when and how you got back and how
you liked a place
Recepclonista: 1Cundo volvi usted de Toiedo, seor Robinson?

Usted: Volv anoche. Cog el tren de las diecisiete horas y llegu aqu a las
siete y media.
328 MASTERING
SPINIS-I1
1 No, no
4 S'mec
Exercise
I ZMe toc
escuchar?
Exercise
1 S, sal c
mi trabaJo
mucno trz
tarde.
l0
S' fui
Recepcionista: 4Le gust Toledo?
Usted:
a lake
9am
S, me gust mucho.
Exercise 4 Saying whee you went and how

Juan: iFuiste a los molinos en Campo de Criptana?
Usted: S. Alquil un coche y pas todo un da en Campo
.Juan: iTe gustaron ios molinos?
Usted: 1Hombre, claro! Son parte de la historia de E'spaa,
l
a beer
cns'.
de Criptana.
4no?
Exercise
Exercise
Saying what you did or did not do
Saying what you did
5' aparqu en la p|aza' (Note spelling change in the verb.) 2 S, compr

un peine. 3 5, pagu ciento veinte pesetas. (Note spelling change in the
verb.) 4 S' hab| espao|. 5 S' l|egu a casa a las nueve' (Note spelling
change in the verb.) S, tom Una cerveza en e| bar. 7 S, pagu cien
pesetas' 8 S, invit a mi amigo. 9 S' visit |a catedra|' 10 S' escuch
discos de msica clsica Dor la tarde.
te|evisln. 2 No, no com bien. 3 S, volv anoche

|as once. 5 No, no beb horchata'
1 S, vi
In
the
|a
Saying what has just happened

1 S, acaba de salir' 2 S, acaba de entrar. 3 S, acaba
acaba de pagar. 5 S' acaba de l|egar.
s,
O Finding out if it3 your turn

jugar?
1 2Me toca
2 2Me toca salirT 3 2Me toca comprarT 4
Exercise
escucharT 5 ;Me toca hablarT
ZMe toca
Exercise I t A day in your life

1 S. sa| de casa a |as ocho. 2 S, fui a mi
tw
u a
de vo|ver.
Saying whethe you liked something or not

gust'
1 No, no me
2 S, me gust mucho. 3 No' no me gustaron nada
gust.
4 S' me
5 S' me gustaron mucho.
Exercise
ir
S, sa| a
Exercise 7 Saying whee you went' when and with whom

1 Fui al Cine anoche con mi amigo. 2 Fui a| mercado esta maana con mi
marido. 3 Fui de compras ayer con mi hr.;o. 4 Fui a la discoteca esta
tarde con mi hermana' 5 Fui a |a catedral aver por |a maana con mi hiia'
Exercise
'qnor')
traba.;o en coche. 3 S, |legu a

nueve. 4 S. dt.;e ,Buenos das, a mis amigos. 5 S, hice
mucho trabajo' 6 S, com en Casa. 7 S, tuve que trabajar mucho por |a
tarde. 8 S' traje ms trabajo a casa. 9 S' vi |a te|evisin por |a tarde.
mi traba.1o a las
1as
l0
Si. fui a la cama a las once.
Exercise t2 Asking what people did

I 2Anduvo usted por el parque? 2 2Puso Usted
Exercisc
it cost
la ma|eta en la habitacin7
3 2Pudo usted comprenderle? 4 2Lo supo usted ayer? 5 ZEstuvo usted
en M|aga el mes pasado?
Usted: a(
Mara: Sj
Usted: A
Mara: a
Listening exercises
Exercise
left on a
l 2Dnde
Joan is invited to go window-shopping, but fails to understand the term ln

Spanish until Mara puts it into E'nglish.
guantes? t
en la mes;
5 2Dnde
El Greco's house twice and bought
Crucifixion'.
She visited
a print of a painting called 'The
Exercise
1ou brr
1ou.1an
guapo! 2D
encontrast
),c; 2a; 3b; 4a; 5c; 6b;'
a.
fuerte! 2D
encontrast
9 ;ou pet
Reading exercises
1 Pedestrians. Leave by the staircase. 2 Market hours. Morning from
7.30 to 13.30. Afternoon l6 to 19.30. 3 Fruiterer's. Butcher's. Poulterer's.
Fishmonger's. Baker's. lst Floor. 4 Open all day on Mondays.
5 Everything at half-price. Pedestrian access. 7 Parking prohibited in
the town centre except for the evenings before holidays. 8 Road closed at the
Andosilla Pass. The crossing at Peralta is open 24 hours a day.
9 Contaminated water. Bathing is dangerous. 10 Dangerous bends at
2700 m.
ms encan
Exercise
verbs
No. Lleg
Alquilaron
Reservaron
Exercise
1||anlta
Puzzles
2 Pirineos; I Granada; 4 Barcelona;
Costa del
Galicia.
Madrid el n
vacaciones
Exercise
|
1 Vi a Juar,
2Compaste a|go?
Exercise
Exercise
Saying where you found something
Mara: 1Qu cuadros ms bonitos! 2Dnde ios encontraste?

Usted: Los encontr en un puesto en aquella calle. 4Te gustan?
Mara: S, me gustan mucho. 4Cunto te costaron?
Usted: No mucho. Slo quinientas pesetas cada uno. IJna ganga,
330
3 Pagu la
5 Fui al cin
MASTERING S'PIN/S1
Usted tier
Usted tiel
Exercise
1no, Mara?
S' es ma
]cin7
steo
Exercise 2 Finding out what your friend bought and what

it cost
Usted: iComprastealgo?
Mara: S, compr esta sortija vieja.
Usted: A ver. S, es muy bonita. 4Cunto te

Mara: Quince mil pesetas, pero eS de oro.
r^rm
ln
Exercise 3 Flnding out what happened to something you

left on a table
l 1Dnde est mi cheque7 Lo dg aqu en la mesa. 2 2Dnde estn mis
mesa. 3 2Dnde est mi co||ar? Lo dej aqu

1Dnde est mi novela7 La dej aqu en |a mesa.
2Dnde est mi toa|la7 La dej aqu en |a mesa'
guantes? Los
en |a mesa.
d'The
cost?
de.1 aqu en |a
Exercise
Giving exc|amatoy oPinions
Exercise
verbs
Using the third Peson plural of regula ,-ar,
1ou broches ms baratos| 2Dnde los encontraste? 2 iau hombre ms

guapo| 2Dnde le encontraste? 3 iou taryetas ms tpicas! 2Dnde |as
encontraste? 4 iau libro ms interesante| 2Dnde |o encontraste?
5 ;Ou'1amn ms exce|ente| 2Dnde lo encontraste7 6 ;ou coac ms
fuerte| 2Dnde lo encontraste7 7 ;ou rega|o ms barato| 1Dnde |o
encontraste? 8 1ou Zapatos ms cmodos| 2Dnde |os encontraste7
9 1ou pendientes ms hermosos| 2Dnde los encontraste? 10 ;Ou sortl.1a
ms encantadora! 2Dnde la encontraste?
:er's.
lin
at the
1 No. Llegaron a las nueve. 2 No. Aparcaron en la calle. 3 No.

Alqui|aron el coche en Toledo. 4 No. Hablaron espao|. 5 No.
Reservaron Una habitacin con ducha.
Referring to |ast week' month, etc'

1 L|egu e| .1ueves pasado' 2 Visit Toledo |a semana pasada. 3 Sa| de
Madrid e| mes pasado. 4 Fui a |nglaterra e| ao pasado. 5 Pas mis
Exercise
cta.
vacaciones en Mlaga
Exercise
e|
verano pasado'
Saying how long ago something happened
1 Vi a Juan hace tres horas. 2 Cambi |os chegues hace cuatro das.
3 Pagu |a cuenta hace cinco minutos. 4 Termin el trabaio hace un mes.
5 Fui al cine hace una semana.
4
Mara?
Am | ight or wrong?
Usted tiene razn. 2 Usted est equivocado'
Usted tiene razn. 5 Usted tiene razn.
Exercise
Exercise 9 ls this yous?

l S, es ma. 2 S' es ma. 3 S, son mos. 4
Usted est equivocado
S, son
mas. 5
S' es mo
KEYTOEXERCISES 33i
I O Explaining that something cannot be yours

because yous is different
1 No, no es ma. La ma es b|anca. 2 No, no es mo. El mo es de oro.
3 No, no son mos. Los mos son negros. 4 No' no son mas. Las mas son
inglesas. 5 No, no es mo' E| mo es de piel'
Exercise
Puzzles
discos;
cr
sortua.
Exercise I t What did they do?

1 Tra..;eron a su hermano. 2 Conduleron bien. 3
4 Hicieron mucho trabajo. 5
No dyeron nada.
Se pusieron la chaqueta.
Exercisr
Saying that things belong to other people

|a tuya est en Nueva York. 2 Mis h1os son
estudiantes, pero los tuyos son hombres de negocios. 3 Mi falda es de
a|godn, pero |a tuya e5 de |ana. 4 Mis discos son de msica c|sica, pero
los tuyos son de msica popu|ar' 5 Mi familia est en |ng|aterra, pero |a
Exercise
1 Mi casa est en York' pero
tuya est en Espaa.
Lis tening exercises
no estl
Dependie
Usted: I
Dependie
Dependie
Usted:
Dependie
Second z:er
Dependie
Usted:
F
ahora
Dependier
E_l
Used:
She bought a brooch in an antiques shop in Toledo Street. It cost 15 000 pesetas
and is silver.
A briefcase left at the Reception Desk is being discussed. Ownership is
Usted:
Usted: F
t
Saying that things belong to other people
1 Aqu est mi mujer' pero, idnde est la de |? 2 Aqu estn mis padres'
pero, idnde estn |os de e|la? 3 Aqui est mi traje, pero' 2dnde est e|
de |7 4 Aqui estn mis panta|ones, pero, 2dnde estn los de e|la7
5 Aqu est mi camisa, pero' 2dnde est |a de usted7
Exercise
Dependie
G:
Dependiet
Usted: A
Dependiet
Usted: C
estab-
lished by the fact that it is a French briefcase purchased in Paris with the name
of the shop visible. Also the owner's name is found inside.
Exercise
Recepciorbuscab
Usted:
1I
Usted:
1(
Usted:
Pr
Recepcion
1 In London. 2 In Oxford Street. 3 Shoes. 4 She likes to try on all the

shoes. 5 Earrings, bracelets (pulseras) and winter jerseys, (erseycitos para el
invierno que viene ahora). 6 Jeans. 7 Leather trousers.
Reading Exercises
Recepcion
Recepcion
Exercise
tense
1 true 2
trs
'o.
as son
Puzzles
discos; cuadros; maleta; camisa, cartera; perfume; reloj, sombrero; libros;
sortija.
8 2ou deseaba?
Exercise
e
son
oe
r,
pero
'o la
padres,
]\ Ll |
Trying to obtain goods seen previously
Dependiente: Buenos das, seora. aQu deseaba?

Usted: Haba una blusa en el escaparate que me gustaba mucho, pero ahora
no est all.
Dependiente: 4Una blusa, seora? ;Cmo era?

Usted: Era roja y amarilla.
Dependiente: Y' ;dnde estaba exactamente?
Usted: Estaba a la derecha del escaparate.
Dependiente: A ver si me acuerdo...4Era de algodn o de lana?
Usted: Creo
que era de algodn, y vala diez mil pesetas.
Dependiente: Ah' s, ahora me acuerdo, seora'

Second tersion
Dependiente: Buenos das. ;Qu deseaba?

Usted: Haba unos zapatos en el escaparate que me gustaban mucho pero
ahora no estn ali.
Dependiente: iUnos zapatos? 4De qu color eran?
Used:
)
pesetas
Grises.
Dependiente: Y' 4dnde estaban exactamente?

Usted: A la izquierda del escaparate.
Dependiente: Y, 1cunto valan?
Usted: Ocho mil

is estab:Ie name
all the
para el
Exercise
pesetas.
Finding out about a mysterious visitor
Recepcionista: ;Seor Robinson! Haba una seorita aqu antes que le
buscaba.
;l'Ina seorita? ;Cmo era?
Recepcionista: Era bastante alta, tena el pelo rubio y llevaba un traje azul.
Usted: ;Cmo se llamaba?
Recepcionista: No lo s, seor Robinson' No dijo su nombre.
Usted: Pues, .qu quera?
Usted:
ReCepCionista: Tampoco lo
s.
Exercise 3 Understanding things described in the past

tense
1 true 2 false 3 true 4 false 5 false 6 notknown 7 true 8 true
KEY TO EXERCIS'ES 333
Saying what you used to do

1 Viva en Bi|bao. 2 Trabajaba en una oficina' 3 Sa|a de casa a |as ocho
y media' 4 Llegaba a |a oficina a las nueve y cuarto. 5 Coma en un
restaurante. 6 Vo|va a casa a las cinco y media' 7 Cenaba en casa'
8 Beba vino con la cena' 9 Vea la televisin oor |a tarde. l0 Me
Exercise
gustaban bastante los programas.
Exercise
Saying how things have changed
Ahora hay una farmacia en esta ca||e, pero antes haba un restaurante.
2 Ahora e| espaol es fcil' pero hace tres me5e5 era difci|' 3 Ahora estoy
libre' pero hace una hora estaba ocupado' 4 Ahora hay un bar aqu, pero
hace tres aos haba un teatro. 5 Ahora soy.1efe, pero hace unos cinco
aos era empleado.
Exercise
Asking
for people to be described
1 2Cmo era? 2 2Cmo
5 2Era ingls7
Exercise
se |lamaba7 3 2Ou ||evaba? 4 2au quera?
Referring to peop|e by using Ponouns
1 S, le escrib |a carta. 2 S, |e hab| en ingls. 3 S' |e pagu mi| pesetas

4 S' le vend el coche. 5 S' le mand el paquete.
Exercise
Tampoco |o
Tampoco lo
Exercise
Saying that you dont either

s' 2 Tampoco lo quiero. 3 Tampoco
veo. 5
Tampoco lo oigo.
Talking about your youth
5 SlNo dorma en clase. 6 SlNo haca muchas preguntas a los profesores.

7 SlNo coma en |a escue|a. 8 SlNo estudiaba por |as tardes. 9 SlNo
compraba cigarri||os en aque||os aos. 10 SlNo me gustaba la escue|a.
Exercise t O Saying what someone was doing when you

saw him
1 Esperaba e| autobs cuando |a vi. 2 Echat:a Una carta cuando |a Vi.
3 Ba|aba cuando |e vi. 4 Dorma cuando |e vi. 5 Tomaba el so| cuando
la vi.
Exercise t t Saying that you did it yesterday

1 S, se |a djje ayer. 2 S, se |o exp|iqu ayer. 3 S, se |a mostr ayer.
4 S' se |a escrib ayer. 5 S' se |o di ayer.
MAST:ERING SPINIS1
I At 6.00
worked.
7 A fried e1
9 Vith her
I In Madri
going to the
Reading
Francisco F
Puzzles
I true; 2 fal
I
0 true/falst
me 9u5ta.
l '|ba a la escuela a las (+ time). 2 |ba en coche,/autobs/tren/bicic|eta/a

pie. 3 Llegaba a |as (+ time). 4 Me aburra en |a c|ase de (+ subject).
334
Listening
Exercise
Mara: Va
oficina.
Usted: iA
Mara: aQt
Usted: Me
Mara: S,
Usted: S,
Mara: Bu<
taza de
Exercise i
Doctor: aC
Usted: Me
Doctor: Vr
Usted: Anr
Doctor: iE
Usted: Cre
Listening
ocho
td
exeT'cLses
am. 2
Dry bread and water. 3 Into the countryside. 4 She

bread, cheese and water from the well. At 8.00 pm'
7 A fried egg, bread and potatoes with water from the well. 8 At 10.00 pm.
9 With her three sisters.
1 At 6.00
worked. 5 Dry
Ite.
estoy
pero
co
1 In Madrid. 2 Near her home. 3 Nuns.

going to the cinema. 5 Her homework.
4 Meeting
friends, going out,
Reading exercises
eria?
Francisco Franco Bahamonde, the dictator of Spain from 1939-1975.
Puzzles
eSetas.
I true; 2 false; 3 false; 4 true; 5 false; 6 true; 7 false; 8 true; 9 false;
l0 true/false. (Did you speak Spanish well five years ago
2Q'u te Pasa?
Exercise
:ta/a
).
e50res.
/No
lra.
tu
?)
Saying that you ae unwel|
Mara.. ;Vamos, Juan, levntate! Son las ocho y veinte. Vas a llegar tarde a la
oficina.
Usted: ;Ay, Mara! No me siento bien.

Mara: ;Qu te pasa, cario?
Usted: Me duele \a cabeza y creo que tengo
fiebre.
Maria.. S, ests muy plido. ;Te duele algo ms?
Usted: S, me duele tambin el estmago'

Maria: Bueno. Voy a llamar ai mdico en
seguida y luego te voy a hacer una
taza de t.
noo
Exercise 2 Tetling the doctor how you feel

Doctor: ;Qu le duele, seor Lpez?
Usted: Me duele la cabeza y me duele el
Doctor: Vamos a ver. ;Qu comi ayer?
Usted: Anoche tom merluza y un flan.
Usted: Creo oue s.
estmago.
Exercise 3 Obtaining medicines at the chemistS
Farmacutico: Y usted, seora. iQu desea?

Usted: ;Tiene algo para el dolor de garganta?
Farmacutico: S, seora. E'sto es excelente. Cuatrocientas cincuenta pesetas.
Exercise
I Amimr
3 Amiab
amigo le
1A1go ms?
Usted: S, necesito algo para el dolor de cabeza. ;Qu recomienda usted?

Farmacutico: OKAL es muy bueno, seora. Doscientas pesetas el paquete.
Usted: Deme un paquete de OI(AL, entonces.
Farmacutico: 1Eso es todo?

Usted: No. Tambin necesito algo para las quemaduras del sol.
Farmacutico: Esta crema eS muv buena. seora. Seiscientas cincuenta
pesetas el tubo.
Usted: Gracias. iCunto
es todo?
Exercise 4 Saying what hurts - I

1 Me duele la garganta. 2 Me duele la pierna.
4 Me duelen los o.;os. 5 Me duelen las manos.
Exercise
Mi
hr-1o
trene un
rr
Listenini
r4
1 Headacl
3 Me duele
e| estmago.
5 Saying what hurts - 2

1 Tengo do|or de estmago. 2 Tengo do|or de o.;os. j Tengo do|or de
garganta. 4 Tengo dolor de pies. 5 Tengo dolor de piernas.
Exercise
right leg.
I a (the wc
r4 r
!
actarn
\LJrv,rl
Exercise obtaining medicines at the chemist3 - l

I 2Tiene algo para el dolor de garganta? 2 2Tiene algo para un resfriadoT
3 2Tiene algo para Ia diarrea? 4 2Tiene algo para la tos? 5 2Tiene algo
Reading
L (91) 135
5 (976) 33
Exercise 7 Obtaining medicines at the chemist3 - 2

1 Necesito algo para la diarrea. 2 Necesito algo para el dolor de pies.
3 Necesito algo para las quemaduras del sol. 4 Necesito algo para un
resfriado. 5 Necesito a|go para e| dolor de estmago.
Puzzles
para
e| do|or
Exercise
de estmago?
I Explaining
la cabez
/ rvJ Prc), '
how you feel
1 Me siento enfermo (enferma). 2 Me siento meJor. 3 Me siento peor.

4 Me siento bien. 5 No me siento bien.
Exercise 9 Asking how othes fee|

1 iCmo est su mu.1er? 2 2Cmo est sU ht..1o7 3
4 1Cmo est su marido? 5 2Cmo est sU padre7
Exercise
2Cmo est 5U hUa?
Exercise t O Saying how others feel

I Mi mu.1er se siente enferma. 2 Mi hilo se siente meJor. 3 Mi hl.;a se
siente peor. 4 Mi marido no se siente bien. 5 Mi padre se siente bien.
MAST'ERING SPINISI
Guardia:
Usted: Es
Guardia:
Usted: Cc
Exercise I t Giving Pecise details - t
1 A mi muJer le duele la cabeza. 2 A mi marido le duele la garganta.

abuela le duelen los pies. 4 Ami hiia le duele la oierna. 5 Ami
amigo le duelen los o1os.
3 Ami
pesetas.
rquete.
Exercise t 2 Giving precise detaifs - 2

l Mi ht'.1o tiene dolor de estmago. 2 Mi amigo tiene fiebre. 3
tiene un resfriado. 4 Mi mujer tiene dolor de cabeza.
ncuenta
Listentng exercsse
ed?
omago.
ror oe
;friado?
I
atgo
Mi marido
t4
1 Headache and stomach-ache. 2 Painful

right leg. 4 Sore eyes and a sore throat.
arm. 3
Sore feet and a oainful
I a (the word used was 'fatal'); 2 b; 3 c; 4 b (la espalda shoulder);

5 c (estornudar to sneeze); 6 a;7 c;8 a.
Reading exercises
l (91) 435 2415. 2 (9r) 542
5 (976) 337 77 00.
).0 00.
(q4) 44j 52
00. 4
Oq2
Puzzles
es.
UN
I la cabeza; 2 los ojos; 3 los brazos; 4 el dedo; 5 las manos; 6 la boca;

7 los pies; 8 las piernas;9 la nariz;10 la ore1a.
20 ;Socoo!
Exercise t
hila?
Saying what happened
Guardia: Buenas tardes, seora. 4En qu puedo ayudarla?

Usted: Estaba de compras en la Gran Va y un joven me rob.
Guardia: 4Qu rob exactamente, seora?
Usted: Cogi mi bolso y se fue corriendo.
(F
)ren
KEYTO EXERCISES
337
Exercise
Describing the assailant
Guardia: ;Cmo era el joven?

Usted: Era bastante bajo, tena el pelo moreno muy largo y llevaba una
cha-
queta negra y pantalones grises.
1 Estaba
Exercise 3 Describing what was stolen
de viajero . .
Saying what has happened to you
Mu-1er: 4Dnde le duele, seor?
Usted:
1Ay, la pierna!
Exercise 5 Have you undestood?

I At L2.20. 2 A fortnight. 3 Yes. 4 She
York. 5
Within a few moments.
Exercise
I Mi hlae
4 Las tien<
fumar. 7
escrita en
'
Listeninl
Me duele horriblemente la pierna.
Transente: 4Est rota la pierna?

Usted: No, no est rota porque la puedo mover' pero me
bailando.
Guardia: iQu haba en el bolso?

Usted: Muchas cosas. Mi pasaporte, mi dinero, mis cheques
Guardia: iCundo pas todo esto?
Usted: Hace media hora o as.
Exercise
Exercise
due}e mucho.
hopes to visit the Robinsons in
td
1 In the br
in the river
Saying where you were 9oin9

1 |ba a la comisara 2 |ba a| hote|. 3 |ba a| mercado' 4 |baaia
discoteca. 5 lba a la fbrica.
I Her han
documents
unable to g
7 Saying that something o someone is vey'

..
l S, es tontsimo. 2 S' es guapsima. 3 S' es carsimo' 4 S. es
facilsimo. 5 S' es simpatiqusima. (Note spelling change.)
Reading
I Two yor
Exercise
Exercise
very,
Exercise
Making comPaisons
vino e5 tan bueno como e| coac' 2 E| Hotel Bristol es tan barato

como e| Hotel Espaa. 3 To|edo es tan interesante como Segovia. 4 Este
broche es tan caro como este collar. 5 Este hombre es tan tonto como mi
E|
marido.
Exercise
Nuestras
Exercise
Saying whee things are

maletas estn en |a habitacin. 2 Nuestra ht.;a est en casa'
oadres estn en e| hote|. 4 Nuestro coche est en la ca||e'
est en e| norte de Inglaterra.
Saying you will do it next week, month, year,
I Voy a volver a lnglaterra el mes que viene. 2 Voy a alquilar el coche el

martes que viene. 3 Voy a comprar los regalos el viernes que viene.
4 Voy a marcharme de Madrid e| ao que viene. 5 Voy a visitar Londres e|
verano oue vrene.
338
we
from the br
were injure
yesterday.
General H
Puzzles
3 Nuestros
5 Nuestra Casa
etc.
7 They
MASTERING SPINISI1
SOFA / SC
NADO.
una cha-
Exercise t t Saying what you were doing

1 Estaba escribiendo cartas. 2 Eaba aorendiendo e| esoao|. 3
bailando. 4 Estala pintando la casa. 5 Estaba tomando el sol.
Estaba
Exercise t 2 Saying how things are

l Mi ht'1a est casada ' 2 Mi re|oj est roto. 3 Mi mujer est aburrida.
4 Las tiendas estn abiertas' 5 Mi marido est bebido' Est orohibido
fumar. 7 Est permitido Lrai|ar' 8 E| Lrar est cerrado. 9 Esta qua est
escrita en
espao|. 10
Esta seora |e est muy agradecida.
Liste nrng exerctses
t4
rO.
sons in
I In the bank changing money. 2 At home cleaning the

in the river. 4 In the caf having a coffee with friends.
house. 3 Fishing
I Her handbag. 2 As she left the theatre. 3 Her purse, all her personal
documents, her identity card, her passport, her house keys. 4 She will be
unable to get into her house. 5 By motorcycle. 6 Very noisy and very large.
7 They were wearing crash helmets.
Reading exercises
1 Two youths. 2 700
aIo
Este
000 pesetas. 3 At 9.30 am. 4 Yes. 5 They ran

from the bank and were driven away by a third robber in a car. 6 Two people
were injured in a two-car collision. 7 It was a head-on crash. 8 At 4 pm
yesterday. 9 At kilometre number 139 on tLre 342 national road. l0 To the
General Hospital of Baza.
rmo ml
Puzzles
.asa.
lle.
SOFA / SOPA / ROPA / ROTA / ROSA / COSA

NADO.
CASA
CADA / NADA
yeaL
rche el
l.
'ndres el
Useful addresses and books
trictio
C. Smith
Harrap's
Referr
Campi.ng
Spain anc
Spain (M
Addresses
culture).
L. Hoo
D. Peters
J.
Centre for Information on Language Teaching (CILT)

20 Bedfordbury
London S7C2N 4LB

An excellent source of lists of useful grammar books, dictionaries and background books about Spain.
Hispanic Council
Canning House
2 Belgrave Square
London S!7lX 8PJ
A good
centre for information about Spain and, in particular, the Latin
American republics.
Spanish Institute
102 Eaton Square
London Swl$ gAN

For information about the economic and cultural life of Soain.
Spanish Tourist Office
57 St James Street
London 5!714 lLD

For all matters relating to tourism in Spain.
Grammar books
Prez, Sala, Santam arina, Spanislz (Cassell Language Guides)
beaten tri
P. E. Rus
Dictionaries
C. Smith, Collins Spanish Dictionary (HarperCollins).
H arrap's Spanish Paperb ack Dictionary (Harrap)
Reference books
Camping and caraxanning in Europe (AA Publications).
Spain and Portugal (Fodor's Modern Guides).
Spain (Michelin: Red series for hotels, etc., and Green series for history and
culture).
J. L. Hooper, The Spaniards (Viking).
D. Petersen, Spain on Backroads (Hunter). For those who wish to get off the
beaten track and explore the 'real' Spain.
P. E. Russell (ed.), Spain: a companion to Spanish Studies (Methuen).
rd back-
re Latin
USEFULIDDRESSES AND BOOKS 341
13 To
l4
l5
l6
Grammar summary
kr
Impe
Idion
The
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
l7
(iv)
Talki
18 The i
(i)
l9
Contents
1
2
Nouns and articles

Adjectives
(i) Agreement
(iD Adjectives of nationality
(iii) Modifuingadjectives
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
Possessiveadjectives
Demonstrativeadjectives
Comparisons
Forming nouns from adjectives
Numbers, dates and time
Negatives
6
7
8
9
No
Nunca
Nada
Nadie
Pronouns
(i) Direct object pronouns
(ii) Indirect object pronouns
(iii) Possessivepronouns
(iv) Demonstrativepronouns
(v) The personal 'a'
Adverbs
The present tense
349
349
350
350
35r
35r
35r
Regular verbs
Verbs with irregular first person

Reflexive verbs
Radical-changingverbs
Four irregular verbs - 'ser', 'ir', 'dar'r'estar'
'Ser' and 'estar'

The immediate future -'ir a'
10 There is, there are - 'hay'
II
l2
348
348
348
348
348
(i)
(iD
(iiD
(iv)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
Giving orders - the imperative

Talking about the weather
342 MASTERING.9PINISH
343
343
343
344
344
344
345
345
346
346
infinitive
352
352
352
353
353
353
354
354
354
355
355
(ii)
The
The follo
to learn tl
of this sur
tl
All
Not
nounr
end in
'<
(radio) masculinr
before a r
nouns is
which enr
lowing ex
El libr
Lam
Un cl
Una
In practi<
stress tha
Unos
^di
(i) Agre
Adjective
Adjective
To know - 'saber', 'conocer', 'poder'
Impersonal verbs - 'gustar', etc.

Idioms using 'tener'
16 The past tense - the preterire
(i) Regular verbs
(ii) Verbs with irregular first person
(iii) Verbs with spelling changes in the third persons
(iv) Irregular verbs - the .pretrito grave'
1tt
Talking about the immediate past - 'acabar de' + infinitive
18 The imperfect tense
(i) Regular verbs
(iD Irregular verbs
19 The imperfect continuous - I was
T4
-ing
343
)Lt )
343
344
344
344
345
345
346
346
348
348
348
348
348
349
349
350
35r
352
354
354
354
7))
J))
36r
36r
362
362
Nouns and articles
before a masculine noun and 'una'before a feminine noun. The plural form of
nouns is formed by adding '-s' to those which end in a vowel and '-es' to those
which end in a consonant. The plural forms of the articles are as seen in the fol-
lowing examples:
El Iibro es caro.
La mujer es guapa.
Un chico ing|s.
Una racin de patatas fritas.
Los libros son caros.

Las mu-1eres son guapas.
Unos chicos ingleses.
Unas raciones de patatas fritas.
In practice the plural forms of 'un' and 'una' are rarely used unless you wish to
stress that some ... do something and others do not. For example:
t)z
353
359
360
360
361
All nouns are either masculine or feminine. Generally speaking nouns which
end in '-o' are masculine - common exceptions' 'la mano' (hand)' 'la radio'
(radio) - and those which end in '-a' are feminine. 'The' is expressed before a
masculine noun by 'el' and by 'la'before a feminine noun. 'A' or 'An' is 'un'
Unos espao|es hablan
352
))1
))1
358
358
358
The following summary of the grammar found in this book will help the student
to learn the material systematically. It will be useful to study the relevant section
of this summary after having tackled the chapter in which the grammar occurs.
350
351
351
356
356
ing|s.
Sone Spanish people speak English.
Adjectives
(i) Agreernent
Adjectives agree with the nouns they qualify and usually follow the noun.
Adjectives which end in '-o'have four forms:
GRAMMAR SUMMARY 343
Un vino caro.
Una revista cara.
Vinos caros.
Revistas
caras.
A dear wine.
A dear magazine.
Aqu
esl
Dear wlnes.
Dear magazines.
Buer
5U
Those which end in anything else have two forms, a singular and
azul.
Una falda azul.
Guantes azules.
Blusas azules.
Un..lersey
a plural:
A blue iersey.
A blue skirt.
Blue gloves.
Blue blouses.
Su p,
5um
Su p.
A Spanish boy.
A Spanish girl.
Spanish men.
Spanish women.
Nues
NU
Vues
iCn
This can be done by placing additional words before the adjectives:

algo grande.
bastante grande.
muy grande.
demasiado grande.
grandsimo.
Sum
Nues
nu
(iii) Modfying adjectiaes

Es
Es
Es
Es
Es
mer
resolved
Those which end in '-o' behave as 'caro' (dear), seen earlier, but those which
end in a consonant also have four forms:
Mu.;eres espao|as.
Su al
The
(ii) Adjectitses of nationality
Un chico espaol.
Una chica espao|a.
Hombres espaoIes.
Ah l
It's a little on the big side.

It's fairly big. (It's big enough.)
It's very big.
It's too big.
It's very, very big.
(u) Den
F
ste
Este
pel
Ese.
Esas
When an
person ad
(iz;) Pos sessiae adj ectiaes
Aque
Aque
These are as follows:
Mi. mis
Mi chaqueta es verde y
mis zapatos son marrones.
My
My jacket
Tu. tus
Your (when addressing
Tu camisa es blanca y
tus calcetines son grises.
Su. sus
is green and
my shoes are brown.
a
(z.ti) Cor,
fend,
mentber of your family or a child)

Your shirt is white and
your socks are grey.
His,
her,
your (addressing a
stranger), their
Ah va Paco. 5u padre es profesor.
There goes Frank. His father is a

teacher.
To compi
Ms
El vin
Meno
Sevill;
Mar
Tan..
El an.
Here comes Mary. Her mother

Aqu viene Mara. Su madre
is in Paris.
est en Paris'
day, don Juan. How is your
est
Good
Buenos das, don Juan. 2Cmo
su
rl:
muierT
wife?
There go Paul and Peter.
Ah van Pab|o y Pedro.

Su abuelo es general.
'lheir grandfather is
a general.
The meaning of 'su' is usually clear but, if any problem does occur, it
1S
resolved as follows:
: which
Su
Su
5u
Su
His father.
padre de |.
madre de ella.
padre de usted.
madre de ellos.
FIer mother.
Your father.
Their mother.
Nuestro. nuestra. nuestros.

nueslras
Nuestro padre es escocs pero
nuestra maore es francesa.
Our
Our father is Scottish but our
mother is French.
Vuestro. vuestra. vuestros. vuestras Your (familiar and plural)

How are your parents?
2Cmo estn Vuestros padres?
(o) Dentonstrcttiae adjectioes

This,
Este. esta. estos. estas

Este collar es muy barato
pero estas blusas son muy caras.
This necklace is very cheaP

but these blouses are very dear.
Ese. esa. esos. esas

Esas uvas son muy
Those grapes are very good'
buenas.
these
That, those
\X/hen an object or person is some distance away from both the speaker and the
person addressed, you use 'aquel':
Aquel. aquella. aquellos. aquellas That, those (oaer there)

That house (over there) is very old'
Aquella casa es muy antigua.
(ai) Compsrisons
To compare one thing with another, you use one of the following three forms:
itd)
Ms ... que
E| vino es ms caro que
|a cerveza.
Menos ... que
Sevilla es menos grande que

Madrid.
Tan ... como

E| ans es tan fuerte como
More ... than

Wine is more expensive than beer.
Less ... than
Seville is less big (smaller) than
Madrid.
As ...
e|
as
coac. Anisette is as strong as brandy.
GRAMMAR SUMMARY 345
Expressin
There are also some irregular comparative torms:
Mejor
El caf es meJor que e|
t.
Peor
El vino tinto es peor que el
blanco.
Mayor
Menor
tence,
Coffee is better than tea.
vino
Worse
The red wine is worse than the white

wine.
Soy mayor que

Es menor que
months
Befter
It is possible to form nouns from adjectives by adding 'lo' before the masculine
singular. Such nouns are used to express .the ... parbiaspect':
The difficult part is the grammar.
I,2
and 5. The numbers I to 29 are written
Irece
as
25
nueve
49
When you refer to exactly 100, the number 'ciento' shortens to 'cien':
2Cunto va|e7 Cien
Multiples of
pesetas.
How much is it? l00 pesetas.
hundred agree with the noun they qualifii:
Doscientos cincuenta hombres.

Ouinientas veinte pesetas.
250 men.
520 pesetas.
1000 is expressed by 'mil' and is invariable in most situations:
Dos mil pesetas.

Doce mil pesetas.
2000 pesetas.
12 000 peseras.
.un mil|n' and is

I 000 000 is expressed by the noun
therefore followed by .de':
Un mil|n de pesetas.
Trece millones de habitantes
346 MASTERING sPlN/s1
I 000 000 pesetas.
l3 000 000 inhabirants.
Voy
'Last' is
Salio
Habitual
two days
Telling tl
Thereafter they are written as three words:
cuarenta y
Voy
Voy
L3
veinticinco
form thei
3 Numbes, dates and time

Numbers are given in Chapters
one word. For example:
Voy
'Next'is
(aii) Fortning nouns frorn adjectiues
Lo difcil es |a gramtica.
Veng
Smaller, younger
He is younger rhan I.
yo.
'uno' is
'On'with
Greater, older
I am older than you.
usted.
anr
aOu
If I o'clo
Es la
For all ot
Son
Between
details:
Son
Between
Son
To ask
at
LA
qI
Both'es'
Sale
Expressing the date is found in Chapters 10 and 15. The days of the week and
months of the year are written with a small letter, unless they begin the sentencer and the first of the month can be expressed by using'primero' (although
'uno' is acceptabie):
e white
Voy a Pars e| dos de
diciembre.
I'm going to Paris on the second of

December.
'On' with a date is always expressed by 'el':

Venga a verme el
martes.
Come and see me on Tuesday.
'Next' is expressed by the short phrase 'que viene':

Voy a Sevilla el viernes que
viene.
I'm going to Seville next Friday.
'Last' is expressed by 'pasado':

rsculine
nar.
Sa|i de Madrid e| mirco|es pasado.
He left Madrid last $ednesday.
Habitual actions can be expressed by making the day of the week plural. Only
.los sbados' and .|os domingos', and the others
two days have plural forms,
form their plural by the use of the plural definite article:
I go to church on Sundays.
I go to the theatre on Thursdays.
Voy a la iglesia los domingos

Voy al teatro los..1ueves.
Telling the time is found in Chapter 5. To ask the time the basic question
ritten as
is:
\hat's the time?
2ou hora es7
If I o'clock occurs in the answer, the verb will be singular:

It's twenty to one.
Es la una menos velnte
For all other times, the verb will be plural:

Son las tres y
cuarto.
It's a quarter past three.
Between the hour and half past the hour the word 'y' is used to add precise
details:
It's ten past three.
Son las tres y diez.
Between half past and the hour the word 'menos' is used:
Son las cuatro menos
cinco.
It's five to four.
To ask at what time something happens the basic question

2A qu hora sa|e e|
autocar?
is:
What time does the coach leave?
Both 'es' and 'son' are now replaced by 'a':
by'de':
Sale a las siete y medta.
It leaves at half past seven.
GRAMMAR SUMMARY 347
4 Neqatives
lT
(i) No
(i)
The basic negative is 'no' and is placed before the verb:

Soy
ingls.
ingls.
I'm English.
I'm not English.
No soy
'No' can be used
as a one-word answer:
2Le gusta el coac7
No.
Do you like brandy? No.
Never is expressed by 'nunca'. This can be placed before the verb:
cine.
Or it can be placed after the verb with 'no' before the verb:
No voy nunca al
cine.
It can also be used as a one-word answer:
1Fuma usted?
Dir<
These
ar
the posit
Me
Mel
f"
u,
Le
Le vt
(ii) Nunca
Nunca voy al
Prrc
Nunca.
Do you smoke? Never.
Nothing (nada) is used in the same way as 'nunca':

I don't want anything.
I don't wanr anyrhing.
!(/hat do you want? Nothing.
person singular:
Nobody knows it.

Nobody knows it.
Who knows it? Nobody.
sonal 'a' (see 5(v) below):
348 MASTERING.SPINISI
Le v(
La
LA V(
Nos
Nos
Os
Os
v,
Les
No
lr
LO5
No
It can also be used as the object of the verb and is then preceded by the per-
A nadie veo.
No veo a nadie.
2,A quin busca usted? Anadie.
LO
NoI
Ahor
Nobody (nadie) can be used as the subjecr of the verb and takes the third
No lo sabe nadie.
2ouin lo sabe? Nadie.
qr
La5
(io) |adie
Nadie lo sabe.
La
LC
(iii) Nada
Nada quiero.
No quiero nada.
1ou quiere? Nada.
LA
La vt
I can see nobody.

I can see nobody.
\l'ho are you looking for? Nobody.
lc
Les
LCS V
Las
No l;
(In some
Direc
Escrt
5 Pronouns
(i) Direct object pronouns
These are as follows and are placed before the verb usually, but on the end of
the positive imperative:
Me
Me
Me ve.
He sees me.
t"
I see you.
You (familiar)
u"o.
Le
Le veo.
Him
La
Her, it (fem.
La veo.
La quiero.
I see her.
I want it.
LO
No lo quiero.
It (masc. object)
I don't want it.
Le
Le veo.
You (polite, masc.)

I see you.
I see him.
You (polite,;fem.)
LA
he third
object)
La veo.
I see you.
Nos
Nos ven.
They see us.
Os
Os ven.
You (familiar, plural)

They see you.
Les
No les veo.
Them (masc., people)

I can't see them.
Las
Them (fem., people or objects)
Us
Ahora las veo.
Nclw I can see them.
LOS
No los quiero.
Them (masc., oblects)

I don't want thern.
Les
You (polite, masc. plural)
Les veo.
I can see you.
Las
You (polite, fem. plural)

I can't see you.
No las veo.
(In some areas of Spain 'lo' is used for 'him'.)
Direct object pronouns are placed on the end of the positive imperative:
body.
Escrba|o, por
favor.
rJ7rite it down, please.
GR MMAR SUMMARY
349
(ii) Indirect object pronouns
(iz:) Det
For all but the third persons these are identical to the direct object pronouns.
'Le' is used for all the third persons singular and 'les' for the third persons
These art
plural:
I speak to him (to her, to you).

I speak to them (to you).
Le hablo.
Les hablo.
The meaning is usually clear, but if ambiguity occurs it is resolved by

adding a short phrase after the verb.
Le digo
Le digo
Le digo
Les doy
Les doy
lac
a
a
a
a
a
usted.
ella.
ustedes
ellos.
rlnrr a all:<
say to you.
say to him.
say to her.
give to you.
cigarrillos.
give to them (masc.).

give to them (fem.).
Give me a packet of cigarettes.
If both direct and indirect pronouns are found the order is invariably:
indirect
Me
direct
lo
He gives it to me.
If a third person indirect pronoun is involved 'se' replaces all the third person
forms:
Se
lo
da.
trAa
Adverbs
tion of '-r
rpic
If several
but the lz
Some ad
replaced
frecu
(iii) Possessioe pronouns
indu
cuidi
Each possessive pronoun has four forms as follows:
mlne
yours (familiar)
mto, mta, mtos, mtas

tuyo. tuya, tuyos. tuyas
suyo, suya. suyos, suyas
his, hers, yours, theirs

nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras ours
vuestro, vuestra, vuestros, vuestras yours (polite)
After the verb 'ser' the pronouns are used on their own:
ma. \7hose is this
suitcase? It's mine.
Are these gloves yours?
In all other cases the pronouns are preceded by the appropriate definite article:
2Una fa|da? Compr |a ma en
m(
Any ambiguity about the meaning of 'se' is resolved in the same manner as previouslv exolained.
esa tienda.
Trab,
He gives it to him.
1De quin es esta ma|eta7 Es

lSon tuyos estos guantesT
(z:) The
Trabi
aerb
da.
2Es
Veo
Veo
Veo
Indirect object pronouns are also placed on the end of the positive imperative:
Deme un paquete de
This is fo
I
I
I
I
I
I
l.
mark to
A skirt? I bought mine in that

shop.
finalt
coml
Several
bien
mal
oepr
oesp
muc
poc(
ms
men
'("arAl
teml
(it:) Demonstratioe Pronouns

onouns.
persons
These are the same as the demonstrative adjectives (see 2(v)) but have a stress
mark to show they are a different form:
2Es sta su maleta? No. Aqulla.
).
)y
(zt) The
Is this your suitcase? No. That one

over there.
personal 'at
This is found before the direct object of the verb when that object is a person:
Veo a Juan.
Veo al chico.
Veo a las chicas.
:ratlve:
Adverbs
Adverbs are formed from the feminine singular of the adjective with the addition of '-mente'.
rpida
mente = rpidamente
rpidamente.
Traba1a
I person
rapidly
He works rapidly.
If several adverbs are found in one sentence' it is normal to leave '-mente' off all
but the last one:

Traba'ia rpida, tranqui|a y
metdicamente.
r as pre-
I see John.
I see the boy.
I see the girls.
He works quickiy, quietly and

methodically.
Some adverbs are cumbersome when formed in the usual way and are usually
replaced by short phrases. For example:
frecuentemente = con frecuencia

indudablemente = sin duda
cuidadosamente = con cuidado
finalmente = por fin
completamePlg = Por comPleto
frequently
undoubtedly
carefully
finally
completely
Several adverbs are irregular:
bien
mal
deprisa
despacio
mucho
poco
article:
ms
menos
tarde
temprano
well
badly
t,1,,
^
v^,,urr^rJ
;
slowly
a lot
little
more
less
late
early
GRMMAR9UMMARY 35l
(iii)
7 The present tense
These ve
(i) Regular aerbs
of a refle:
llamz
verbs are divided into three conjugations and are usually referred to by the
verb-ending in the infinitive -'ar','-er'and '-ir.' Subject pronouns are little
used in Spanish except for the 'usted' and 'ustedes' pronouns, which are used
with the third persons of the verb to convey the polite 'you' form. The regular
me ll
te lla
se lla
uste(
verbs are as follows:
-ar
comprar
1yo
2t
3 |/e||a
3 usted
4 nosotros,/as
5 vosotros./as
eIlos,/elIas
ustedes
Re1
(to buy)
compro
compras
compra
compra
compramos
compris
compran
compran
-er
comer (to eat) vivir
como
comes
come
come
comemos
comis
comen
comen
nos
-ir
(to live)
vtvo
vives
os llz
se lle
uste(
The thir
vtve
passive:
VVe
Las
vivimos
er
vivs
vtven
vtven
El vit
(ii) Verbs zuith irregular first person
(ia) Ra
Some verbs have an irregular first person singular only and follow the regular
pattern for the other persons. Those found in this book are:
These vt
divided i
coger (to catch, pick up)

conducir (to drive (of a car))
conocer (to know (ofpeople,
places))
decir (to say, tell)
hacer (to make, do)

or (to hear)
parecer (to seem, appear)
poner (to put, place)
saber (to know (offacts))
salir (to leave, go out)
seguir (to bllow, carry on)
tener (to have)

traer (to bring)
ver (to see)

venir (to come)
352 MASTERING SPINIS-H
coJo. coges ...
conduzco, conduces ...

conozco, conoces...
digo. dices ... (also radicalchanging, see below)
hago. haces...
or9o, oyes ...
parezco, pareces...
pongo, pones...
se, sabes...
salgo, sales ...
sigo, sigues ... (also radicalchanging, see below)
tengo, tlenes ... (also

radical-changing, see below)
traigo, traes ...
veo, ves...
vengo, vienes ... (also
radical-changing, see below)
-o-
I
2
3
3
4
5
I
6
(-
poder
puec
puec
puec
uste(
pode
pode
puec
ustet
The ster
2,3
and
(z:)
Fot
These fc
(iii) Reflexiue oerbs

These verbs have a reflexive pronoun before each person. A common example
of a reflexive verb is:
r
to be called (call oneselD
llamarse
me llamo
te llamas
se llama
usted se llama
nos llamamos
os l|amis
se llaman
ustedes se llaman
by the
Lre 1itt1e
rre used
regular
I'm called 1 I call myself)

you're called
he's/she's called
you're called
we're called
you're cailed
they're called
you're called
The third persons of the reflexive form are frequently used instead of
the
passlve:
I
Oranges are grown in Valencia.

(Oranges grow themselves in
naranias se r-ultivan
en Valencia.
.as
El vino se produce en Daimiel.
Valencia.)
Wine is produced in Daimiel.
(Wine produces itself in Daimiel).
(ia) Radical- changing oerbs

regular
These verbs change both the stem and the ending in certain persons and are
divided into three groups:
-o-
I
2
3
3
4
5
(-ue-)
poder (to be able,
can)
puedo venir
puedes venir
puede venir
usted puede venir
podemos venir
podis venir
pueden venir
ustedes pueden venir
-.-i'verbs
-e- (-ie)
-e- Gi.)
enTpezar (to begin)
pedir (to ask for, order)
only
emplezo a las siete

empiezas a las diez
empieza a las once
usted empieza a las dos
empezamos a las tres
empezis a |as cinco
empiezan a |as cuatro
ustedes empiezan a
las nueve
pido vino
nir'lc< ccrveza
pide caf
usted pide leche
pedimos agua
peds naran.1ada
piden agua mineral
ustedes piden vino tinto
The stem changes when the stress falls on it, and the change affects persons 1,
2,3 and . The verbs are marked in the vocabulary lists in the following way
poder (ue); empezar (ie); pedir (i).
(a) Four irregular oerbs
- 'ser', 'ir', 'dQr', 'estqr'
These four verbs have a similar pattern and are best learned as a group.
GR,4MMAR
SUMMARY
353
ser (ro be)
I soy
2 eres
3es
3 usted es
4 somos
5 sois
6 son
6 ustedes son
ir (to go)
voy
dar
doy
estoy
vas
clas
ests
est
VA
usted va
estar (to be)
(to giz,te)
aa
vamos
vais
van
ustedes van
aan
ought',
Hay
usted est
eStamos
estis
usted da
damos
'Hay qu
dais
estn
ustede5 estn
ustedes dan
The imp
that perr
imperati
8 'Ser' and'estar'
compr
'Ser' is used to express permanent conditions:
beber
I'm English.
Soy ing|s.
Es profesor.
He's a teacher. (Note the absence of

the indefinite article when
referring to a job or profession.)
'Estar'is used for one ofthree reasons:
To express position
Madrid est en Espaa.
To express tenporay conditions

2Cmo est usted? Estoy bien.
votver
poner
Madrid is in Spain.
'-ar'verb
importar
FIow are you? I'm well.
To express a state which results frorn an action
Franco is dead. (The
Franco est mUerto'
escribi
died; the
state
action
tr
he
he is dead.)
This forr
'usted'
<
being gir
positive
9 The immediate future -'ir a'
inlinitive
The irregular verb 'ir' (see 7(v)) is used to talk about future plans:
Maana VoV a Visitar
Toledo.
Tomorrow I'm going to Visit Toledo.
O There is, there are - 'hay'
'Hay' expresses both the singular'there is' and the plural 'there are':
4Hay un banco por aqu?
S' hay muchos bancos en esta
calle.
Is there a bank around here?

Yes, there are a lot of banks in
this street.
decir
Dga
Nor
arz ft
'Hace'+
lOur
Hacr
Hacr
Hace
p)
'Hay que' + infinitive is used to convey 'it is necessary', 'one should', 'you
ought', etc.
Hay que visitar el castillo de
|
,stn
Coca.
You ought to visit the Coca Castle.
Giving ordes - the im
ative
The imperative is formed from the first person singular of the present tense; if
that person has an irregular form the imperative also has the same form. The
imperative is formed as follows:
plural
singular
compren
comprar -compr(o) = col'l'lPl'+ e = compre usted
beber -beb{o) = beb+a
= bebausted
ustedes
beban
ustedes
nce of
escribir -escrib(o) = escrib+a = escribausted
escriban
)n.)
volver -vuelv(o) =
VUCIVAN
poner
-pong(o)
vuelv
+a
= ponQ+a
vuelva usted
ponQa ustd
ustedes
ustecles
pon9an
ustedes
'-ar'verbs add an '-e' to form the imperative and all others add an '-a'. The only
important irregular verb which does not follow this pattern is 'ir' (to go):
vayan
voy
vaya usted
ustedes
he
This form of the imperative is used to give orders to strangers. The pronouns
'usted' or 'ustedes' are often omitted since it is clear to whom the order is
being given. Obyect pronouns are placed on the end of the imperative when it is
positive and in the normal position when the command is negative:
decir
-dig(o) =dig+a
Dgamelo.
No me lo diga.
-oledo.
diga usted
Tell it to me.
Don't tell it to me.
digan
usteoes
2 Talking about the weathe
'Hace'
noun is the usual way to express most weather conditions:
1ou tiempo hace7

Hace buen tiempo.
Hace mal tiempo.
Hace calor.
!hat's the weather like?

It's fine.
The weather's bad.

It's hot.
GRMMAR SUMMARY 355
Hace fro.
Hace sol.
Hace viento.
It's cold.
It's sunny.
lvte (
B;
It's windy.
lvle
Since nouns are being used they are modified with 'mucho':
Hace mucho
calor.
It's very hot.
Negative
Non
Other weather conditions are as follows:

Est |loviendo'
Llueve mucho en Inglaterra.
Est nevando.
Nieva mucho en los Pirineos.

Hay niebla.
t 3 To know .
It's raining. (At this moment lt ls

raining.)
It rains a lot in England.
(Habitually it rains a lot.)
It's snowing. tAt this momenl it is
snowing.)
It snows a lot in the Pyrenees.
(Habitually it snows a lot.)
It is foggy.
GaIds.
Le
gr
The pror
resolved
Le g(
Le g(
Le gr
Nos
The pror
ambiguit
I know his name'
Do you know how to dance?
'Conocer' is used to say you are familiar with a person, a place or a work of art:
Conozco a este seor.
aTe
Les c
'Saber' is used to say you know a fact or how to do something:
2Conoce usted MadridT

Conoce muy bien las novelas de
Other pe
zos
'sabe,, ,Co]1oce,, ,Poder,
S su nombre.
2Sabe usted bailarT
La
I know this gentleman.
Do you know Madrid?

He knows Galds's novels very
well.
No
lt
2Les
Other
ve:
Abur
Mea
Enca
lvle e
'Poder' is used to say you can do something or have permission to do

I can't go out today.
No puedo salir hoy.
it:
an
Hace
Me
l-
tmpc
4 lmpersonal verbs - 'gustar',
Non
etc.
Only the third persons singular and plural of these verbs are commonly used
and object pronouns are used to indicate the subject of the verb. In fact, the
subject of the English sentence becomes the object of the Spanish sentence and
vlce versa:
Gustar
Me gusta el vino or
El vino me gusta.
356
MASTERING SPIN1s'l1
lnter
2Le ir
m(
Pare<
Mep
Oue<
Meq
To please, like
I like wine. (Wine pleases me.)
Me gusta bailar or
Bailar me gusta.
Me gustan las uvas or
I like dancing. (Dancing pleases

me.)
I like grapes. (Grapes please me.)
Las uvas me gustan.
Negatives are placed in the usual position:
No me gusta el
is
calor.
I don't like the heat'
Other persons are referred to by using different pronouns:

2Te gusta el vino?
Le gustan las vacaciones.
Do you like wine? (familiar)

He likes holidays.
The pronoun 'le' is also used to refer to 'she' and 'you' and any ambiguity is
resolved by using additional phrases:
Le 9u5ta a | e| coac.
Le gusta a ella la cerveza.
Le gusta a usted el vino.
Nos gusta este hotel.
iOs gusta mi falda?
Les gustan esos zapatos.
He likes brandy.
She likes beer.
You like wine.

We like this hotel.
Do you like my skirt? (familiar)
They like those shoes.
The pronoun 'les' is also used to refer to 'they' (fem.) and 'you' (pl.) and any
ambiguity is again resolved by additionai phrases:
No les gusta a ellas el vino.
2les gusta a ustedes el hotel?
of art:
Other verbs with a similar pattern are:
Aburrir
Me aburre el arte moderno.
Encantar
Me encantan los edificios
antrguos.
Hacer falta
Me hace fa|ta ms dinero.
lmoortar
No me importa el precto.
lnteresar
y used
ce and
They do not like wine (fem.).

Do you like the hotei?
To bore
Modern art bores me.

To like a lot
I like old buiidings a lot.
To need
I need more money.
To natter
The price doesn't matter to me.

To interest
2Le interesa a usted el arte
Are you interested in modern
Parecer
To seewt
moderno?
Me parece muy bonito.

Ouedar
Me quedan cien pesetas.
art?
It seems very pretty to me.

To haae left
I have I 00 pesctas left.
GK4MMAR SUMMARY 357
5 ldioms using 'tene,
A number of common exoressions use 'tener'

Tengo
Tengo
Tengo
Tengo
Tengo
Tengo
Tengo
Tengo
Tengo
+ noun:
I'm hot.
calor.
I'm cold.
I'm thirsty.
I'm in a hurry.
I'm right.
I'm lucky.
I'm sleepy.
I'm hungry.
I'm frightened.
fro.
sed.
prisa.
razn.
suerte.
sueo'
hambre
miedo.
Since Spanish nouns are used to express English adjectives, 'mucho' (or
'mucha' with the feminine nouns 'sed', 'prisa', 'suerte', 'hambre') must be
used to modifu the noun:
Tengo mucha hambre.

'Tener' is also used to express
I'm very hungry.

age:
Tengo cuarenta y cinco aos.
I'm 45 years old.
3
3
4
5
6
6
Com
Uster
Com
Com
Com
Uster
-ir
Salir
l
2
3
3
4
5
6
6
Sal t
Salist
Sali
Uster
Salin
Salist
Salier
Uste<
The pret
imperfec
Ayer
'Tener que' + infinitive means 'to have to, must'
Juan tiene que ir a Madrid.
John has to go to Madrid.
(ii) Ver
Certain,
6 The past tense - the preterite
(i) Regular aerbs

The form of the preterite of regular verbs
l
2
3
3
4
5
6
6
Compr pan.
Compraste vino.
Compr cigarri||os.
Usted compr revistas.
Compramos recuerdos.
Comprasteis discos.
Compraron pasteles.
Ustedes compraron coac.
is:
Com mucho.
Cami<p
358
narn
MASTERINC; SPI,\'ISI1
Llegi
Llegi
To buy
I bought bread.
You bought wine (familiar).

He bought cigarettes.
You bought magazines (polite).
\7e
bought souvenirs.
You bought records (familiar).

They bought cakes.
You bought brandy (polite).
-er
Comer
Verl
Llegt
-a
Comprar
sound o
To eat
I ate a lot.
You ate a little (familiar).
Vert
Busc
Busc
Busc
Vert
Emp
Emp
Emp
3
3
4
5
6
6
Comi bien.
Usted comi ma|.
Comimos en casa.
Comisteis en el hotel.
Comieron demasiado.
Ustedes comieron muy poco
He ate well.
You ate badly (polite).
We ate at home.
You ate in the hotel (familiar).
They ate too much.
You ate very little (polite).
-ir
Salir
o'
(or
ust be
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
6
Sal temprano.
Saliste tarde.
Sali ayer.
Usted sa|i a |as tres.
Salimos
Salisteis
Salieron
Ustedes
en coche.
muy tarde.
a las cinco.
salieron temprano.
To leaae
I left early.
You left late (familiar).

He left yesterday.
You left at 3 o'clock (polite).
We left by car.
You left very late (familiar).
They left at 5 o'clock.
You left early lpolite).
The preterite tense is used to talk about single, complete actions in the past (the
imperfect tense is used to refer to repeated or habitual actions - see 18, below):
Ayer compr un coche'
Yesterday I bought a car. (A single,

complete action.)
(ii) Verbs uith irregularfirst person

Certain verbs have a spelling change in the first person singular to preserve the
sound of the verb:
Verbs which end in '-gar'

Llegar
Llegu a las dos.

Llegaste a las tres
Verbs which end in '-car'

Buscar
Busqu e| hote|.
Buscaste a Juan.
Verbs which end in '-zar'

Empezar
Empec a |as dos.
Empezaste m5 tarde.
To arriae
I arrived at 2 o'clock.
(Additional 'u'before the 'e'.)

You arrived at 3 o'clock.
To look for
I looked for the hotel. ('c'
changing to 'qu' before the 'e'.)

You looked for John.
To begin
I began at 2 o'clock. ('z'
changing to 'c' before the 'e'.)

You began later.
GRMMAR SUMMARY 359
(iii) Verbs zaith spelling changes in the third persons
con
0ec
Other verbs have a spelling change in the third persons singular and plural,
est;
when 'i' changes to 'y' between two vowels:

Leer
Le e| peridico'
Ley una nove|a.
I prreran 12 c r4rtrl
hac
To read
I read the newspaper.
poc
por
pro
He read a novel.
They read the letter.
qU
saD
Verbs which behave in a similar way are 'creer' (to believe), 'oir' (to hear) and
'construir' (to build).
Some'-ir'verbs have changes in the third persons singular and plural 'o'
changes to 'u' or 'e' changes to 'i':
Dormir
Dorm bien.
Durmi ma|.
Durmieron mucho.
|)ir1iaran
np<rlrn
tra
ven
Note th
'i' of thz
To sleep
I slept well.
He slept badly.
They slept a lot.
l7
'Morir' (to die) behaves in a similar way.

Pedir
Ped chuIetas.
Pidi pae||a.
tenl
de'
To ask .for, order

I ordered chops.
He ordered paella.
They ordered fish.
'Acabar
'acaDar
Aca
'Preferir' (to prefer), 'repetir' (to repeat)) 'seguir' (to follow) and 'servir' (to
serve) behave in a similar way.
(ia) Irregulqr uerbs - the ,pretrito graae,

A group of verbs change both the stem and the endings when the preterite
formed' These verbs are known as the .pretrito grave, and the pattern is
is
as
follows:
Andar
To ualk
I walked along the street.
I
2
Anduve por la calle.

Anduviste por la plaza.
3
3
Anduvo por la ciudad.

Usted anduvo por el campo.
'{
5
Anduvimos mucho.
Anduvisteis al cine.
You walked through the

countryside (polite).
We walked a lot.
You walked to the cinema
6
6
Anduvieron por la calle.

Ustedes anduvieron mucho.
They walked along the street.

You walked a lot (polite).
You walked through the square

(familiar).
He walked through the city.
(familiar).
Both the new stem and the endings have to be learned with these verbs, which
are as follows:
360
MASTERING sPlN1s1
El
sr
trE-
(i) Rel
The for
-ar
comprar
I
2
3
3
com
com
com
com
com
com
uste
P<
Ct
conducir
I 'o'
conduJiste, etc. to drive
to say, tell
to be
to do, make (llore: third
- dUe. dUiste, etc.

estar - estuve, estuviste, etc.
hacer - hice, hiciste, etc.
decir
plural,
rr) and
- conduje,
person singular
poder - pude, pudiste, etc.

poner - puse, pusiste, etc.
producir - produje, produ.;iste. etc.
querer - quise, quisiste, etc.
hizo)
to be able, can
to put, place
to produce
to want, wish
to know
saber - supe, supiste, etc.
to have
tener - tuve, tuviste, etc.
traer - traie traiiste etc.
to bring
to come
venir - vine. viniste, etc.
person
plural
these
verbs has a'j'before the ending, the
of
Note that if the third
'i' of that ending is lost: decir - dleron; traer - traJeron.
l7
Talking about the immediate past - 'acabar
de' + infinitive
'Acabar de' is used to express what has just happened, with the present tense of
'acabar' beine used:
'zir'
Acabo de llegar.
E| seor Mora|es acaba de sa|ir
(to
erlte
1s
nlsas
I've just arrived.
Mr Morales has just left.
8 The imperfect tense
(i) Regular oerbs

The forms of the imperfect tense are as follows:
.a
-er
-tr
comprar (to buy)
comer (to eat)
coma mucho
comas poco
coma demasiado
usted coma en casa
aiair (to lite)

viva en Madrjd
vivas en MIaga
viva en Francia
usted viva en Bi|bao
comiamos en una
vivamos en
I
2
3
3
compraba pan
comprabas uvas
comprbamos
recueroos
comprabais
cigarrillos
compraban flores
5
which
compraLra revistas
usted compraba
pasteles
cafetera
comais en Casa
coman en Un
Inglaterra
vivais cerca de
Madrid
vivan en Londres
restaurante
GRAMMAR SUMMRY
361
ustedes coman pan
ustedes
compraban vlno
ustedes vivan en
Barcelona
ir
aer (to see)
(to go)
ramos
usted iba
bamos
erais
ibais
vea
veas
veia
usted vea
veamos
veais
eran
ustedes eran
iban
ustedes iban
vean
iba
ibas
iba
era
eras
era
usted era
ustedes veian
The imperfect is used in three ways:
To describe things in the past

Era muy alto y tena e|
pelo rubio.
FIe was very tall and had blonde hair.
To express repeated or habitual actions in the past

When I lived in Madrid, I used to
Cuando viva en Madrid,
visitaba el Prado todos los
visit the Prado every Sunday.
domingos.
A continuous action in the past which is interrupted

Lea e| peridico
usted
||eg'
cuando
I was reading the paper when you
arrived'
9 The imperfect continuous - | was

-i
This is formed from the imperfect of 'estar' + the present participle. The
present participle of '-ar' r,erbs ends in '-ando' and that of '-er' and '-ir' verbs in
'-iendo':
Estaba buscando a mi h1o.
Estabas viendo |a te|evisin.
Estaba tomando caf.
Usted estaba esperando el
autobs.
Estbamos sacando fotos de
la catedral.
Estabais lugando al golf .
Estaban comiendo.
Ustedes estaban tomando el
Estab.
Oniy three verbs are irregular in this tense:
I
2
3
3
4
5
preferred
1ou
(ii) Irregulqr aerbs

ser (ro be)
The imper
I was looking for my son.

You were watching television.
He was drinking coffee.
You were waiting for the bus.
We were taking photographs of the

cathedral.
sol.
You were piaying golf.

They were eating.
You were sunbathine.
E9E
^VWWIS
VWWV)
aql
ur sqJe
eqJ
'
'JIB
sI puB
(8uI-
.ssoq
'eJe[ru] uol opuPlqPq PqPlsf
tu
01
8uI{IE]
SB.4d I
zopuer)Pr-.| patsn PqPlse 9no?
.8ulop no oJo'{\ ]Eq/)N
:qsruBds ua{ods ur traJradurr aql o1 psrreJard
I' LuJoJ qSII8uE eq] I}3Bxe seÎioJ snonultuoc ]JeJJeduI eqJ
sB,t\
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Mastering
Spanish
Second edition
Robert Clarke
Lecturer, Uniz,tersity of York Language Teaching Centre
Betty Parr
Founding Editor
ffi
MACMILLAN
O Robert Clarke 1982, 1995

Text artwork O Macmillan Press Ltd 1982' 1995
Photographs, other than those sourced, O Robert Clarke 1982,1'995
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of
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Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this
publication may be liabie to criminal prosecution and civil
claims for damages.
Guide
Bt-
Id,
ta
First edition 1982
Pa
Second edition 1995
Gr
Published by
MACMILI,AN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG2l 2XS

and London
Companies and representattves
throughout the world
ISBN 0 333 6t435-6

ISBN 0-333-61437 2
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Nr
2tr
Id,
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cassettes
ISBN 0 333-61436-4 Pack
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library'
l0 9 8 7
04 03 02 0l
Innodt
00
Tt
nu
Gt
.D.
3zc
Dt
Printed in China
Acknowledgernents
The author and publishers wish to thank the following for permission to use copyright
material: Largo ecorrido Renfe for the reproduction of railway timetables.
Every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders, but if any have been
inadvertently overlooked the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary
arrangement at the first opportunity'
To
Dt
Gt
'Se
r1
A .r
.
LL
Fir
,TO
Fir
str
Gr
The cassettes which accompany this book can be ordered from your local bookseller or'
in case of difficulry, from Macmillan Direct, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire'
RG21 6XS (telephone 01256 29242).
Fir
Contents
tiii
Introduction: how to ttse this book
Guide
to
pronunciation
l Buenos das' 2Cmo
est Usted?
ldentification: introductions and goodbyes
t
I
Topics
Passing through Customs; Arrival at a hotel; Meeting friends

Grammar
Forms of address; Possession and identity; Asking questions;
Numbers l-20; Plural
4Tiene usted familia?

ldentification: descriptions of oneself and family
l5
Topics
Talking about one's home town; Giving address and telephone

number
Grammar
'Para'; Adjectives; Numbers
Work and status
21 I00; 'Tener'; 'Me llamo'+
name;
LCmo es sU ciudad7
Describing places and things
2B
Topics
Description of home townl Recovery of lost property

yright
en
Grammar
'Ser' and 'estar'; Contractions;
'Hay'
Modif ing adjectives;
2Dnde est su ciudad?

40
Topics
Finding places in a strange town; Describing the weather in

strange town and at home
Grammar
eller or,
l
Finding out, Time and weather; 'Mucho'; Negatives
ZEn qu trabaja usted?

Daily routine
53
l0 iT
ol
1A
Topics
Talking about one's work; Enquiring about other people's jobs
Bc
Gt
Dr
and lives
Grammar
Regular and irregular verbs in the present tense;
Numbers 100-1000; Teiling the time
Revision and self-assessment test for Chapters 1-5

6
2ou hace usted en sus ratos |ibres?

Leisure activities
66
69
Re
ll
LL
Lit
To
Vi
Topics
Conversation after a meal; Discussion of leisure activities and

facilities
ca.
Gr
U
Grammar
Let's ...; Wishes and preferencesl 'Tener que' + infinitive; 'Saber';

Time oI day: Comparisons
12 1P
PI;
2Ou desea?
Obtaining goods and services
B4
10
PL
Topics
for
Grammar
'P(
Gt
Shopping for a dress and for shoes
.ouisiera Ver' + noun; Sizes; .2De qu es?';

+ noun;
.4Cunto va|e?,.,.Me lo quedo'; .Me parece' + adjective; .Valer'
.Ouiero'
rOu va a tomar?
Ordering a meal
13 2C
98
Eating in a restaurant
Gr
Qr
Grammar
'Tener hambre', 'tener sed'; Polite requests; Third person plural;
a'*
aAdnde Vamos7
Obtaining services -'
IO
Bu
pi(
Topics
Imperative; 'Voy
ol
va
qu
verb
Topics
Travel by taxi, train and bus
ill
14 2E
Fir
10
Gram.mar
Hi
passive; Shortened adjectives
Ne
.zDnde?'; .Tener prisa'; .Prximo'; .Se puede' + infinitive; .Sentir';

.Conocer', Persnal pronouns; .Poder'; .Se' + verb to express
iv CONTENZS
Gr
Lc
53
|0 2Tiene una habitacin libre?

Obtaining services - 2
t25
Topics
Booking a room in a hotel; Simple complaints

Grammar
Days; 'Creo que', 'me parece que'; Complaints; Radical-changing

verbs
(r(,
69
139
1l zle gusta?
Likes, dislikes and preferences
143
Topics
Visiting a tourist shop; Selecting presents; Ordering a snack in
caf
Grammar
'Gustar'; 'Encantar'; Lists; 'Este', 'ese', 'aqLJel'
t2 ZPor qU no Vamos al cine?

Planning social activities
+
t57
Topics
Planning a trip to the cinema; Obtaining tickets; Inviting someone

for a drink after the cinema
Grammar
.Porque', .2por qu7; .No importa'; .Ir en,' .ir a'; .1ou'+
adjective!; 'De acuerdo'; 'Poner'; adverbs
98
l2 ZCUnto Vale?
Obtaining goods and services in a strange town
171
Topics
Buying postcards; Finding out postage rates; Buying food for
picnic
Grammar
.Soy extranjero'; .ZCUnto

Quantities in shops; Omitting nouns;
.ste',
.se',
.aqul'; .1Cunto
vale7'; Orders for shopping;
quiere?'
lll
t4 2En qu puedo servirle7

Finding out what is possible
t83
Topics
Hiring a car; Parking a car; Buying petrol

Grantntar
'2Es posible' + infinitive?; 'Por'; 'Listo'1 'Prohibido'; 'Lo mejor';

Negatives;'Lo' + adjective;'Dejar'
CONZENZS
l5 zou vas
a hacer?
Making Plans
197
Er
Planning a weekend trip to a market; Arranging to play golf;
Re
Grammar
Irr
Gt
Talking about future Plans
'lr:
Usingthetelephone;'lra'+infinitive;'Conmigo';'Soler';'Tener
.Antes de';
que'J infinitive; .Hay que' + inrnitive; Months;
ml
'Nuestro'1 Future tense
1S<
la
Topics
20
Revision and self-assessment test for Chapters
2Visitaste
|a catedra|?
Talking about the Past
210
1-15
214
visit to a strange town; Discussing what you did in

strange town; Saying what else you did on a trip
a
Grammar
Talking about the Past
227
Topics
Discussing purchases in a market; Recovering property left in
a bar
Grammar
Exclaiming;Morepronouns;Thirdpersonpluralsinthepasttense;
'tener
'Pasado'; 'Hace' + time; 'Estar seguro', 'estar equivocado',
razn,; Possessive pronouns;
.Sin' + infinitive
lB 2Ou deseaba?
239
Describing things in the Past

ToPics
blouse seen earlier in a shop window; Seeking to

identifit a stranger; Recalling how a town used to be
Trying to buy
Grammar
.Tampoco'1 More pronouns
.Hab a,
;,Acordarse';
Imperfect tense;
l9 iou te pasa?
252
Sickness and health

Topics
Describing symptoms of illness; Telling a doctor how you feel;

Obtaining medicines at a chemist's
Grammar
.Me siento' + adverb; .Me due|e'
vi CONTENTS
I{ey to
Gramt
The past; 'Acabar de' + infinitive; 'Tocar'; Pronouns
17 1ComPraste algo?
Gramv
Supple
Useful
Topics
Relating
IRe
+ part of the body;
.iou pasa?'
197
20 lSocorrol
265
Emergencies
Topics
Reporting a robbery to the police; Dealing with a road accident

Grammar
Imperfect, imperfect continuous and preterite tenses;
.Irse'1 .-simo'; .Tan .'. como'; .ZEst
muerto./herido
210
/r
oto?' ;' Nuestro';' Esta r' + adjective
Grammatical terms used
214
upplem entary a o c ab ul ary li s t s

I{ey to the exercises
Useful addresses and books
S
Grammar summaty
278
282
285
292
310
312
227
239
252
CONZENTS vii
lntroduction: how to use this

book
the mai
aim is d
Voca
This 1is
and ex1
been se
$elcome to the new edition of Mastering Spanish. The course is intended for
complete beginners but it also offers a valuable refresher course for those who
have previously learned a little Spanish but now find that it has grown 'rusty'. A
knowledge of Spanish will allow you to communicate with and understand not
only the people of Spain but also the peoples and cultures of more than twenty
republics in Central and South America, for Spanish is a truly international language. To help you learn quickly the sounds of Spanish and the correct lntonation of spoken Spanish, two cassettes have been provided to accompany the
book. On the cassettes are recorded all the dialogues in this book and listening
practice. Sections of the book included on the cassette are indicated by the
. r.at
symbol l\S.l . Somc of the Listening Material consists of authentic conversation
between native speakers of Spanish. For advice on how to deal with this mater-
ial, see page 12.

The book has a dual purpose. Firstly, it wiil help you learn to communicate
with Spanish speakers in many everyday situations and to live among Spanish
speakers without causing or suffering embarrassment or misunderstandings. If
you intend to spend a holiday among Spanish speakers, or if you are involved in
business activities with a Spanish or Latin American company) you will find this
book will provide a grounding in the basic skills of communicating in Spanish.
Secondly, this book offers the first stages in Spanish for students who wish
to acquire the basis for a more formal knowledge of the grammar and structures
of the language with a view to developing a reading knowledge or writing skills at
a later date. Each chapter deals with a situation you will almost certainly
encounter in dealing with Spanish speakers and you will learn the language
appropriate to that situation. In addition, each chapter develops the grammar
and vocabulary to allow you to use it in different ways and to express ideas of
your own. After Chapters 5, 10, l5 and 20 there are revision sections and tests
to a1low you to check your own progress in speaking and understanding Spanish.
Dialogues
The basic material of each chapter is presented in the form of dialogues; for
most effective use these should be studied with the help of the cassettes. The
conrents list shows what is covered in each chapter - the chapter title describes
viii
MASTERING SPINISI
tion Un
adults r
f^ ^t
rl-
equatel'
Itn
work th
of your
lowing
look at
rioht hr
recognl
English
culine (
the Spa
t-Expl
Both b
Studen
Spanisl
explana
sectionr
lrraP
LL r
guage
of all tt
of the
gramm
the sun
[E*
I E^,Er
Each
cl
the boc
the sec
the main communicative aim and the topics set out the situations in which this
aim is developed.
Vocabulary
ded for
rse who
rrqtrr'
and not
twenty
nal lanintona-
any the
istening
hrr rhe
ersation
;
mater-
This lists the words found in the dialogues together with other useful words
and expressions. The book contains approximately 1000 words which have
been selected from the lists devised by the Council of Europe in their publication (Jrt niael umbral (A threshold leae). Tltis publication sets out guidelines for
adults who wish to iearn to speak and understand basic Spanish: to reach, in
fact, the 'threshold' of genuine competence rvhilst being able to survive adequately in Spanish-speaking countries.
It may be useful for you to compile your own vocabulary notebook as you
work through the book, listing the words either alphabetically or under headings
of your own choosing such as 'Family', 'Leisure' and 'Daily routine'. The following procedure will help you learn the words: cover up the English version,
look at the Spanish words and try to guess their meanings. Check that you are
right by revealing the English version and continue in this way untii you can
recognise all the new words. Then reverse the process and work from the
English to the Spanish list. Try to learn with each new noun whether it is masculine (el/un), or feminine (la/una). A friend can help you here, asking you for
the Spanish for English words and checking your answer in the book.
runicate
Spanish
Iings. If
olved in
ind this
anish.
ho wish
:uctures
skills at
ertainly
rnguage
rammar
ideas of
nd tests
lpanish.
Explanations
Both background information and grammar are explained in this section.
Students whose main concern is with speaking and understanding simple
Spanish will probably not wish to pursue all the details of the grammatical
explanations and, from Chapter 7 onwards, these are therefore presented in tu'cl
sections: the irst (marked A in the book) dealing with the basic grammar of the
chapter and the second (marked B) extending the grammar and range of language covered. In addition there is in the reference Section a c(rmplete summary
of all the grammar covered in the book and you may wish to study each section
of the summary as its content is dealt with in the chapters of the book. The
grammar references given in the explanations indicate the relevant sections in
the summary.
Exercises
ues; for
es. The
escribes
Each chapter presents the exercises in two sections: the first set (marked A in
the book) is for students who wish to learn a basic range of simpie Spanish and
rhe second (marked B) extends this basic range to include different situations
IN'TRODUCTION: HOW rO USE 7H1S B()OK ix
and topics. The list of grammatical terms in the reference section will help you
to understand the explanations and the exercises more easily.
The role-play exercises require you to change the person of the verb
as
follows:
(Say you want = I want = Ouiero. Ask if he/she has = Have you? = 2Tiene
usted?)
Reference mateia|
This contains additional word lists arranged by topics, keys to the exercises, a
short list of useful addresses and reference books and a summary of the
grammar found rn Mastering Spanish. This summary draws together for easy
reference the fundamentals of the different grammatical subjects covered in the

explanations sections - so, for instance, having studied various aspects of verbs
throughout a chapter, you can check quickly how these fit into the whole
picture.
It is wc
how 51
panyin
procee
referen
Sp
all of t
in Eng
the wr
sounds
which
look at
to spel
x MASTERING.SPINISI
lelp you
verb as
Guide to pronunciation
: zTiene
rclses,
' of
the
for easy
d in the
of verbs
: whole
It is worth reading through this section now so that you gather a general idea of
how Spanish is pronounced, particularly if you have not purchased the accom-
panying cassettes. Otherwise you will soon pick up the pronunciation as you
proceed through the course and you can come back to this section simply for
reference.
Spanish is basicaliy an easy language to pronounce correctly because nearly

all of the sounds found in Spanish are roughly similar to sounds already found
in English. Each sound is pronounced in the same way every time it occurs and
the written form of words is very close to the spoken form. See the individual
sounds below and repeat them several times, do the same with the short phrases
which contain the sounds in full words and repeat them several times; finally,
look at or listen to an English name being spelled in Spanish and work out how
to soell vour own name.
The vowels
Un kilo de patatas
A kilo of potatoes
Un litro de leche
A litre of milk
Un litro de vino
A litre of wine
Dos vasos de vino
Between 'cat' and 'father'

(northern English' cat',' mat')
First sound of 'eiephant'
Una blusa de seda pura

A blouse of pure silk
Like 'oo'in'root'; 'u'is silent
Two glasses of wine
Mi marido y mi h1o
My husband and my son
Like 'ee' in 'seen'but shorter

Like 'o' in 'for'but shorter
after .q' in words such as
(what?) or .aqu|' (that one) and also
after 'gu * e' or 'gu * i' in words
such as 'guisantes' (peas)
Pronounced like the Spanish 'i'
,2qu?,
GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION
xi
The consonants
l_r
rr
Un vaso de vino blanco

A glass of white wine
Cinco copas de coac
Five glasses of brandy
Both very similar to the English
'b'
Before 'i' and'e'like 'th'in

'thin'. (In South American Spanish
like 'c' in 'ice'.) Before anything else
like 'c' in 'cat'

2Dnde est Madrid7
Much softer than in English and
2ou ta| |a fami|ia?

How is the famiiy?
Usted coge la maleta
granae
You take the big suitcase
2ouin es ese hombre7
As in English
Where is Madrid?
'Who is that man?
Sopa de
a1o
Garlic soup
Dos kilos de uvas
Two kilos of grapes
Un litro de leche
A litre of milk
Se llama Manuel
He's called Manuel
No soy alemn
I'm not German
Este nio es espao|
This boy is Spanish
Mi padre es portugus
My father is Portuguese
2Ou quiere usted7
$7hat do you want?
2Para qu sirve?
$hat is it used for?
rr
Un paquete de cigarrillos
A packet of cigarettes
lsabe| es muy simptica
Isabel is very nice
Patatas fritas, por favor
Chips, please
Un vaso de vino blanco
A glass of white wine

2EI wter' por favor?
The toilet, please?
xii MASTERING SPINIS'I
rather like 'th' in 'rlzough'
Before 'i' and'e'like 'ch'in
'loc/z'. Before anything else like
t!!e
Spanir
basic
SL
'g'in'go'
L'
Always silent
Like .ch' n,Ioch,

As in English
As in English
As in English
As in English
Like 'ni' in 'onion'

As in English
Always found with 'u' and
pronounced like 'c' in 'cat'
A rolied or trilled 'r'
(a) If
(b) rf
EI
Any v
the wr
r
a, be,
erre,
A strongly rolled or trilied 'r'

Like 's' in 'simple''
As in English
See 'b, v'
As for 'v' (only found rn

foreign words taken into Spanish)
Note
separa
dictio
Between vowels as 'gs' and

elsewhere as 's'
As in 'young'but more strongly
ZEl taxi est |ibre7

The taxi is free?
Mi h1o mayor y yo
h
lnish
My older son and
pronounced
Always like 'th' in'thin'
Un kilo de manzanas
A kilo of apples
g else
Id
Pronunciation patterns
Spanish is pronounced in a rhythmic way and the rhythm is produced by two
basic rules:
(a) If a word ends in a vowel (a, e, i, o. u),'-s'or'-n', the last but one sound is
stressed:
Las peras valen cuarenta y cinco pesetas el kilo.
The pears cost 45 pesetas a kilo.
(b) If a word ends in anything else, the last sound is stressed:
El relo.; del profesor es de oro

The teacher's watch is made of gold.
Any word which breaks one of the two rules has a stress mark to show where
the word should be stressed:
ouiero Una racin de.1amn de
Yorl<,
por favor.
I want a portion of York ham, please.
The Spanish alphabet

a. be. ce, de, e, efe, ge, ache, i. .1ota, ka' e|e, eme, ene, ee, o, pe' cU, ere,
erre, ese, te, u, uve, uve doble, equis, y-griega, zeta.
'Your name, please?'
- iSu nombre, por favor?
'Clarke.'
- Clarke.
'How is it written?'
se
escribe7
- 2Cmo
ka,
'C-l-a-r-k-e.'
ele,
a,
ere,
e.
- Ce,
'Thank you.'
Gracias.
Note that .' counts aS a separate letter in Spanish and thus
warrants
.maana' follows .manzano' in a

Separate treatment in alphabetical listings. So
dictionary.
ish)
GItIDE TO PRONUNCIATION
xtit
MACMIIIAN MASTER SERIES
IIASTERII{G SPANISH
A comprehensive course for adults with no or little previous
knowledge of the language who want to understand, speak and

read Spanish confi dently.
suitab|e for home study or c|assroom courses

by Robert C|arke, a successfu| teacher o Spanish to adu|ts,
with many years' experience
pub|ished by Macmi|lan, the experts in |anguage teaching

gradua| introduction to new vocabu|ary and structures with
careuI expIanations
varied practice exercises plus puzzles to make sure you are

confident with what you have learnt
extraunscripted dia|ogues so that you can get used to hearing

Spanish at a natural pace
covers
a|| the everyday situations you wi|| encounter in Spain

and Latin America
Mastering Spanlsh
is available as a book or with Nvo cassettes

complete pack (ISBN 0-333-61436-4). The cassettes are also
available separately (ISBN 0-333-61437-2). Your learning will be
more effective and faster and your accent more accurate if you
study with the cassettes.
in a
IJD|\
Cover illustration:
Danny Jenkins
U-JJ-o
|+Jc-o
lllll]llilLilil[lll
tfiillnfiil

Mastering Spanish

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Buenos das. 2Cmo est usted?

Po|ica: Buenos das' Su pasaporte, por favor.

Robert. Eso es.

Recepcionista: ;Robinson? (Jn momento. ;Cmo se escribe su nombre?

In the evening the Robinsons go to meet some friends in a caf. Mr Robinson

Juan Lpez: Buenas tardes, Roberto. 4Qu hay?

gusto es mo, seor Lpez.

Mara Lpez; Mucho gusto) Juana.

good day, good morning

you (polite speech)

true? is that right? isn't it?

go, are going (they)

BUENos DiAs' C()Mo ESTA UsrED.)

For supplementaty ttocabulaty lists see

floor (of building)' flat

there is, there are

the pleasure's mine

(a) Meeting people andfortns of address

Good morning, Mr GonzIez.

Goodbye, good night

Good afternoon, Paco.

!7ith friends, the irst name is used.

(b) Polite andfarniliqr in socisl relationships

(c) The polite forrn - grsr?xntar ref 7(i)

If you meet a bishop in England, you have to address him as follows:

your Grace this morning?

BUENos oas. |cl,lo EST USTED?

Ustedes son ingleses.

You're Spanish, aren't you?

Eres espao|, 2verdad?

subject pronouns is ex!>lained below.

(e) Expressing possessioz. - gra?rrvvtar ref 2(io)

The plural form is 'mis':

say 'your', use the word

My children are in England

'su'with any singular noun:

2Tiene usted su pasaporte?

Do you have your passport?

Your children are in England.

(fl Expressing identity - grarnrnar ref

you (familiar form, sing.)

Subject pronouns I, you, he, she, we, you, they

you (polite form, sing.)

The plural form is 'sus':

exist in Spanish and are

you {familiar [orm, pl.)

you (polite form,

You're E,nglish (sing.).

I'm English (man speaking).

To express where you are from, use the following:

['m from York.

(g) Ashing questions

In Spanish this becomes:

2Es usted francs7

BUENos DAS. C)MO EST USTED?

Other questions can be formed using question words:

$ho are you?

So.yinS ushere sornething

.estn' if more than one tlring is meant:

Where is the bar?

2Dnde est e| bar7

(i) Indicating sornething or so?neone using 'this' - gratnrnar ref

Esta mujer es francesa.