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LECTURE 10
B. K. Gandhi
HISTORICAL
First bladed water wheel in 135 BC by Ctebios.
Current wheel during 260 300 AD in France : 18 m
head by 18 wheels in 211 channels.
Under shot water wheel 30% upto 1800
30% upto 1850
Breast wheel
30% upto 1850 extensively.
Overshot water wheel
After 1850, water wheels starts replacing by Turbines.
A Turbine may be as a water wheel in which a motion of
the water relative to its buckets is essential to its action.
Current wheel
Breast wheel
Courtsey: R.L. Daugherty, Hydraulic Turbines, Mc Graw Hill Company Ltd., 1998
Courtsey: R.L. Daugherty, Hydraulic Turbines, Mc Graw Hill Company Ltd., 1998
Courtesy: R.L. Daugherty, Hydraulic Turbines, Mc Graw Hill Company Ltd., 1998
FRANCIS TURBINE
Courtsey: R.L. Daugherty, Hydraulic Turbines, Mc Graw Hill Company Ltd., 1998
Courtesy: R.L. Daugherty, Hydraulic Turbines, Mc Graw Hill Company Ltd., 1998
Courtsey: R.L. Daugherty, Hydraulic Turbines, Mc Graw Hill Company Ltd., 1998
Courtesy: R.L. Daugherty, Hydraulic Turbines, Mc Graw Hill Company Ltd., 1998
Courtsey: R.L. Daugherty, Hydraulic Turbines, Mc Graw Hill Company Ltd., 1998
Courtesy: R.L. Daugherty, Hydraulic Turbines, Mc Graw Hill Company Ltd., 1998
ADVANTAGES OF TURBINES
OVER WATER WHEEL
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Reservoir
Intake
Penstock
Hydraulic
turbine
Tail race
Generator
Governor and
controls
Circuit breaker
Transformer
Transmission
2/10/2016
17
CLASSIFICATION
Impulse (or pressure less)
1. Action of water
2. Direction of flow
Axial
Horizontal
3. Position of Shaft
Vertical
4. Available head
Low head
Medium
High
Very high
=
=
=
=
2 15 m
15 70 m
71 500 m
500 m onwards
Head loss
Net output
Mechanical losses power
brake
Penstock losses
Hydraulic losses
vol .
mech.
hyd .
overall
system