QDR-4000 TM C 03

L
QDR 4000
X-RAY BONE DENSITOMETER
TECHNICAL MANUAL
Hologic Inc.
35 Crosby Drive
Bedford, MA 01730
Phone (800) 321-4659
Document # QDR-4000-TM
Revision C
QDR 4000 Technical Manual
REV
ECO
DESCRIPTION
APPROVED BY
DATE CHECKED BY
DATE
4109
PRODUCTION RELEASE
G. CORRIDORI
4/23/98 F. ANDERSON
4/23/98
4134
REVISED
G. CORRIDORI
5/7/98 F. ANDERSON
5/8/98
4163
REVISED
SEE BELOW
SEE BELOW
NOTICE
The information contained in this manual is confidential and proprietary to Hologic, Inc. This
information is provided only to authorized representatives of Hologics customers solely for the
purpose of facilitating the use of Hologics products. No information contained herein may be
disclosed to any unauthorized person for any purpose whatsoever without the prior written
consent of Hologic, Inc.
Hologic QDR 4000 and the Hologic logo are registered trademarks of Hologic, Inc. All other
products and company names, used in this manual, are trademarks and registered trademarks of
other manufacturers.
The procedures described in this document are intended solely for use by direct employees of
Hologic, Inc. or authorized Hologic Equipment Resellers and their trained technicians. Any
unauthorized or untrained persons performing these procedures may affect the warranty of the
Hologic Model QDR 4000.
Exercise proper caution when servicing the system. There are dangerous and potentially lethal
voltages accessible within the QDR 4000 system. To avoid exposure to shock hazards, the
Main circuit breaker should be switched off, and the power cord removed, before working inside
any part of the system.
The QDR 4000 X-ray Bone Densitometer produces ionizing radiation in the form of X-rays. It
may be dangerous to the patient, operator or service technician unless safe exposure factors and
operating instructions are observed. To avoid unsafe exposure, do not attempt to service this
equipment unless you are a Hologic, Inc. certified service technician. Exercise proper caution
when servicing the system. A dosimeter (film badge) should always be worn while on site. Dose
and scatter radiation measurements must be taken after each service call to ensure that these
parameters are still within specifications.
Hologic, Inc. has made all reasonable effort to ensure that the information in this manual is
accurate and complete. Hologic, Inc. shall not, however, be liable for any technical or editorial
errors or omissions contained herein, or for incidental, special or consequential damages in
connection with the furnishing or use of this material. The information contained in this manual
is subject to change without notice.
DRAFTED BY
P. BENOIT
ii
DATE APPROVED BY
DATE CHECKED BY
12/22/98
Copyright 1998 by Hologic, Inc. All rights reserved.
DATE
Construction Instructions:
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black, all caps, using Times New Roman or similar font (see table). Use clear
lamination over tabs.
4. Insert tabs before each section appropriately.
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Print at 600 dpi or greater. Cover is 8.5 x 11 and spine is 1.125x11.
6. Insert cover and spine into appropriate sheathes on the 3-ring binder.
TAB POSITION
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
TITLE
INTRODUCTION
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
INSTALLATION
ALIGNMENT AND CALIBRATION
SYSTEM COMPONENT LOCATION
REMOVE AND REPLACE PROCEDURES
FAULT ISOLATION
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
COMPONENT SUMMARY INFORMATION
SOFTWARE
ERROR MESSAGES
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................1-1
1.1...SYSTEM OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................1-1
1.2...X-RAY SCANNING THEORY .......................................................................................1-2
1.3...X-RAY BEAM GEOMETRY...........................................................................................1-4
1.4...PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS .....................................................................................1-5
1.4.1 GENERAL................................................................................................................1-5
1.4.2 PHYSICAL ...............................................................................................................1-5
1.4.3 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY...........................................................................1-5
1.4.4 HEAT LOAD.............................................................................................................1-5
1.4.5 SUBJECT WEIGHT .................................................................................................1-5
1.4.6 POWER REQUIREMENTS .....................................................................................1-6
1.4.7 BMD SCAN TIME, PRECISION, DOSE ..................................................................1-6
1.4.8 RESOLUTION (APPROXIMATE) ............................................................................1-6
1.4.9 DUTY CYCLE ..........................................................................................................1-7
1.4.10 LEAKAGE CURRENT...........................................................................................1-7
1.5...LEAKAGE TECHNIQUE FACTORS .............................................................................1-7
1.6...ATTENUATION EQUIVALENT OF THE PATIENT SUPPORT ....................................1-7
1.7...MEASUREMENT CRITERIA FOR TECHNIQUE FACTORS .......................................1-8
2.
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION.........................................................................................2-1
2.1...THE C-ARM COMPONENTS .......................................................................................2-1
2.1.1 THE OPERATOR PANEL........................................................................................2-1
2.1.2 THE LASER ASSEMBLY.........................................................................................2-1
2.1.3 THE DETECTOR PMT POWER SUPPLY ..............................................................2-1
2.1.4 THE MAIN DETECTOR ASSEMBLY.......................................................................2-2
2.1.5 THE A/D CONVERTER ...........................................................................................2-2
2.2...THE COMPUTER COMPONENTS...............................................................................2-2
2.2.1 TIMING AND CONTROL BOARD ...........................................................................2-2
2.2.2 THE STEPPER MOTOR CONTROLLER BOARD..................................................2-3
2.3...THE X-CARRIAGE COMPONENTS.............................................................................2-3
2.3.1 THE FILTER WHEEL ..............................................................................................2-3
2.3.2 THE X-RAY CONTROLLER ....................................................................................2-3
2.3.3 THE HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY/SOURCE ASSEMBLY ...........................2-4
2.4...THE BASE ASSEMBLY COMPONENTS .....................................................................2-4
2.4.1 THE STEPPER TRANSLATOR...............................................................................2-4
2.4.2 SIGNAL DISTRIBUTION BOARD ...........................................................................2-4
2.4.3 THE OPTICAL ENCODER ......................................................................................2-4
3.
INSTALLATION ...............................................................................................................3-1
3.1...INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................3-1
3.1.1 TOOLS AND SUPPLIES NEEDED..........................................................................3-1
3.1.2 ROOM SIZE.............................................................................................................3-1
3.2...INITIAL INSTALLATION ...............................................................................................3-2
3.2.1 INSPECTING THE SYSTEM ...................................................................................3-2
3.2.2 PREPARING THE SYSTEM FOR INSTALLATION ................................................3-2
3.2.3 UNPACKING THE SYSTEM....................................................................................3-3
3.2.4 MOVING SYSTEM TO ASSIGNED AREA ..............................................................3-4
3.2.5 REMOVING THE TABLE.........................................................................................3-5
3.2.6 REMOVING THE FRONT PANEL...........................................................................3-5
3.2.7 REMOVING THE TANK ASSEMBLY ......................................................................3-5
3.2.8 RAISING THE SCANNER TO THE VERTICAL POSITION ....................................3-5
iv

3.2.9 LOWERING THE SCANNER TO THE HORIZONTAL POSITION .........................3-6
3.3...FINAL INSTALLATION .................................................................................................3-7
3.3.1 PLANNING THE LAYOUT .......................................................................................3-7
3.3.2 SETTING THE UNIT IN PLACE ..............................................................................3-8
3.3.3 REMOVING THE HORIZONTAL CASTER BARS ..................................................3-9
3.3.4 INSTALLING THE TANK ASSEMBLY.....................................................................3-9
3.3.5 REMOVING THE CARRIAGE SHIPPING BRACKETS...........................................3-9
3.3.6 INSTALLING THE C-ARM.......................................................................................3-9
3.3.7 INSTALLING THE OPERATOR CONSOLE..........................................................3-11
3.3.8 CHECKING THE VOLTAGE JUMPERS ...............................................................3-13
3.3.9 INSTALLING THE TABLE .....................................................................................3-14
3.3.10 INSTALLING THE LEXAN PANEL....................................................................3-14
3.3.11 LEVELING THE C-ARM......................................................................................3-14
3.3.12 3.3.12 INSTALLING THE FRONT PANEL..........................................................3-15
3.3.13 REINSTALLING THE BELLOWS ASSEMBLY (IF NECESSARY) .....................3-15
3.4...FINAL SYSTEM CHECKOUT AND TEST ..................................................................3-15
3.4.1 SOFTWARE ..........................................................................................................3-15
3.4.2 BOOTING THE SYSTEM FOR THE FIRST TIME ................................................3-15
3.4.3 THE COMPUTER ..................................................................................................3-15
3.4.4 THE SCANNER .....................................................................................................3-15
3.4.5 FINAL CHECKS AND ADJUSTMENTS ................................................................3-16
3.4.6 SYSTEM VERIFICATION ......................................................................................3-16
3.4.7 REPORTS TO BE COMPLETED ..........................................................................3-16
3.4.8 THE RADIATION MEASUREMENT REPORT ......................................................3-16
4.
ALIGNMENT AND CALIBRATION..................................................................................4-1

4.1...CHECKING THE POWER LINE VOLTAGE .................................................................4-1
4.2...CHECKING AND ADJUSTING FILTER WHEEL PHASING.........................................4-1
4.3...HVPS/SOURCE VOLTAGE AND CURRENT ...............................................................4-4
4.3.1 CHECKING FOR CORRECT TUBE VOLTAGES ...................................................4-4
4.3.2 ADJUSTING THE X-RAY TUBE PEAK POTENTIAL..............................................4-5
4.3.3 CHECKING FOR CORRECT TUBE CURRENT .....................................................4-6
4.4...LEVELING THE C-ARM................................................................................................4-7
4.5...X-RAY BEAM ALIGNMENT CHECK AND ADJUSTMENT...........................................4-7
4.6...PMT VOLTAGE CHECK AND ADJUSTMENT .............................................................4-9
4.7...LASER BEAM ALIGNMENT CHECK/ADJUSTMENT ................................................4-10
4.7.1 CHECKING THE ALIGNMENT..............................................................................4-10
4.7.2 ADJUSTING THE LASER BEAM ..........................................................................4-11
4.8...SURVEYING FOR LEAKAGE RADIATION ................................................................4-12
4.8.1 INITIAL LEAKAGE SURVEY .................................................................................4-13
4.8.2 FINAL LEAKAGE SURVEY ...................................................................................4-14
4.9...MEASURING PATIENT DOSE AND SCATTER.........................................................4-14
4.9.1 PATIENT DOSE ....................................................................................................4-14
4.9.2 SCATTER ..............................................................................................................4-14
4.10.VERIFYING CALIBRATION AND RECALIBRATING .................................................4-15
4.10.1 CHECKING THE BONE MINERAL CONTENT (BMC) CALIBRATION..............4-15
4.10.2 CHANGING THE BMC CALIBRATION, IF REQUIRED, BY CHANGING THE
BONE CORRECTION FACTOR (BCF)..........................................................................4-16
4.10.3 CHECKING THE BONE MINERAL DENSITY (BMD) CALIBRATION................4-16
4.11.CHECKING REPRODUCIBILITY................................................................................4-16
5.
SYSTEM COMPONENTS & LOCATION ........................................................................5-1

5.1...FIELD REPLACEABLE UNITS (FRU)...........................................................................5-1
5.1.1 SCANNER PARTS ..................................................................................................5-1

5.1.2 CABLES ASSEMBLIES ...........................................................................................5-2
5.1.3 COMPUTER PARTS ...............................................................................................5-4
5.2...LOCATING SYSTEM FRUS AND OTHER PARTS ......................................................5-5
6.
vi
REMOVE AND REPLACE PROCEDURES.....................................................................6-1

6.1...POWERING DOWN THE SYSTEM..............................................................................6-1
6.2...GAINING ACCESS TO THE INSIDE OF THE SCANNER ...........................................6-2
6.3...THE TABLE...................................................................................................................6-2
6.3.1 REMOVAL ...............................................................................................................6-2
6.3.2 REPLACEMENT ......................................................................................................6-2
6.4...THE FRONT PANEL .....................................................................................................6-2
6.4.1 REMOVAL ...............................................................................................................6-2
6.4.2 REPLACEMENT ......................................................................................................6-3
6.5...THE C-ARM ..................................................................................................................6-4
6.5.1 REMOVAL ...............................................................................................................6-4
6.5.2 REPLACEMENT ......................................................................................................6-6
6.6...THE X-RAY CONTROLLER ASSEMBLY AND THE X-RAY CONTROLLER BOARD.6-7
6.6.1 REMOVAL ...............................................................................................................6-7
6.6.2 REPLACEMENT ......................................................................................................6-7
6.7...THE TANK ASSEMBLY ................................................................................................6-7
6.7.1 REMOVAL ...............................................................................................................6-7
6.7.2 REPLACEMENT ......................................................................................................6-9
6.8...THE BELLOWS ASSEMBLY ......................................................................................6-10
6.8.1 REMOVAL .............................................................................................................6-10
6.8.2 REPLACEMENT ....................................................................................................6-10
6.9...THE FRAME................................................................................................................6-11
6.9.1 REMOVAL .............................................................................................................6-11
6.9.2 REPLACEMENT ....................................................................................................6-12
6.10.THE CONTROL PANEL..............................................................................................6-12
6.10.1 REMOVAL...........................................................................................................6-12
6.10.2 REPLACEMENT .................................................................................................6-13
6.11.THE MAIN DETECTOR ..............................................................................................6-14
6.11.1 REMOVAL...........................................................................................................6-14
6.11.2 REPLACEMENT .................................................................................................6-14
6.12.THE LASER DIODE ASSEMBLY................................................................................6-14
6.12.1 REMOVAL...........................................................................................................6-14
6.12.2 REPLACEMENT .................................................................................................6-15
6.13.THE A/D CONVERTER ASSEMBLY ..........................................................................6-15
6.13.1 REMOVAL...........................................................................................................6-15
6.13.2 REPLACEMENT .................................................................................................6-15
6.14.THE PMT POWER SUPPLY ASSEMBLY ..................................................................6-16
6.14.1 REMOVAL...........................................................................................................6-16
6.14.2 REPLACEMENT .................................................................................................6-16
6.15.THE COMPUTER........................................................................................................6-16
6.15.1 REMOVAL...........................................................................................................6-16
6.15.2 REPLACEMENT .................................................................................................6-17
6.16.THE AC LINE FILTER.................................................................................................6-17
6.16.1 REMOVAL...........................................................................................................6-17
6.16.2 REPLACEMENT .................................................................................................6-18
6.17.THE MAIN POWER PANEL........................................................................................6-18
6.17.1 REMOVAL...........................................................................................................6-18
6.17.2 REPLACEMENT .................................................................................................6-18
6.18.THE POWER SWITCH PANEL ..................................................................................6-19
6.18.1 REMOVAL...........................................................................................................6-19

6.18.2 REPLACEMENT .................................................................................................6-19
7.
FAULT ISOLATION .........................................................................................................7-1

7.1...Problems in the Scanner unit ........................................................................................7-1
7.1.1 SCANNING/X-RAY GENERATION PROBLEMS ....................................................7-1
7.1.2 PRECISION PROBLEMS ........................................................................................7-2
7.1.3 MOTION PROBLEMS .............................................................................................7-2
7.1.4 NOISE PROBLEMS (ACOUSTIC)...........................................................................7-4
7.1.5 MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS .............................................................................7-4
7.2...COMPUTER AND COMPUTER PERIPHERAL PROBLEMS.......................................7-5
7.2.1 PROBLEMS BOOTING THE COMPUTER .............................................................7-5
7.2.2 DATA STORAGE & RETRIEVAL PROBLEMS .......................................................7-5
7.2.3 GETTING TROUBLESHOOTING HELP .................................................................7-6
7.2.4 TROUBLESHOOTING BOOT PROBLEMS..........................................................7-7
7.3...WINDOWS NOTES.....................................................................................................7-7
7.3.1 WORKING WITH WINDOWS .................................................................................7-8
7.3.2 USING THE MOUSE ...............................................................................................7-8
7.3.3 SELECTING PROGRAMS AND APPLICATIONS...................................................7-8
7.3.4 GETTING WINDOWS HELP...................................................................................7-9
7.3.5 GETTING MORE INFORMATION...........................................................................7-9
7.3.6 GETTING HELP WITH AN APPLICATION .............................................................7-9
7.3.7 GETTING HELP IN A DIALOG BOX .....................................................................7-10
7.4...TESTING COMPUTER PERIPHERALS.....................................................................7-10
7.4.1 THE COMPUTER PERIPHERALS........................................................................7-10
7.4.2 THE COMPUTER AT A GLANCE .........................................................................7-11
8.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE .......................................................................................8-1

8.1...CUSTOMER PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE...............................................................8-1
8.2...RECOMMENDED FIELD SERVICE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ..........................8-1
9.
COMPONENT SUMMARY INFORMATION....................................................................9-1

9.1...SCSI INTERFACE BOARD...........................................................................................9-1
9.2...TIMING & CONTROL BOARD......................................................................................9-1
9.3...MAIN DETECTOR ASSEMBLY ....................................................................................9-1
9.4...LASER ASSEMBLY ......................................................................................................9-2
9.5...DETECTOR PMT HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY................................................9-2
9.6...STEPPER MOTOR CONTROLLER BOARD................................................................9-2
9.7...STEPPER MOTOR .......................................................................................................9-2
9.8...STEPPER TRANSLATORS..........................................................................................9-3
9.9...SIGNAL DISTRIBUTION BOARD.................................................................................9-4
9.10.TANK ASSEMBLY ........................................................................................................9-4
9.10.1 TANK TOP COMPONENTS AND SCREW LOCATION ......................................9-5
9.10.2 LEXAN CUP TIGHTENING SEQUENCE .............................................................9-6
9.10.3 TANK BLADDER GASKET TIGHTENING SEQUENCE ......................................9-6
9.10.4 TRANSFORMER SEAL TIGHTENING SEQUENCE............................................9-6
9.10.5 TANK COVER GASKET TIGHTENING SEQUENCE...........................................9-7
9.11.X-RAY CONTROLLER BOARD (XRC).........................................................................9-8
9.12.A/D CONVERTER BOARD ...........................................................................................9-9
10. SOFTWARE ...................................................................................................................10-1

10.1.SOFTWARE INSTALLATION AND UPGRADES .......................................................10-1
10.1.1 PROTECTION OF CUSTOMER'S FILES...........................................................10-1
10.1.2 INSTALLING SOFTWARE OPTIONS ................................................................10-1
10.1.3 INSTALLING SYSTEM SOFTWARE UPGRADES ............................................10-1
10.1.4 DEINSTALLING HOLOGIC SYSTEM SOFTWARE ...........................................10-1
vii

10.1.5 REINSTALLING HOLOGIC SYSTEM SOFTWARE ...........................................10-2
10.2.FILE ORGANIZATION ................................................................................................10-3
10.3.MAINTENANCE, SERVICE AND DIAGNOSTIC SOFTWARE...................................10-5
10.3.1 THE CALIBRATION UTILITIES DISK.................................................................10-5
10.3.2 THE UTILITY PROGRAMS.................................................................................10-6
10.3.3 RUNNING MOTORX AND MOTORY ...............................................................10-10
10.3.4 RUNNING THE SURVEY PROGRAM..............................................................10-11
10.3.5 RUNNING FSCAL.............................................................................................10-14
11. ERROR MESSAGES .....................................................................................................11-1
viii
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1. Q-Value Histogram......................................................................................................1-3
Figure 1-2. QDR 4000 Pencil Beam Geometry .............................................................................1-4
Figure 2-1. The Operator Control Panel ........................................................................................2-1
Figure 3-1. Minimum Room and Door Size ...................................................................................3-2
Figure 3-2. System Shipping Hardware.........................................................................................3-3
Figure 3-3. Minimum Clearance Needed to Unskid System .........................................................3-4
Figure 3-4. Scanner Clearances....................................................................................................3-4
Figure 3-5. Preparing the Scanner for Vertical Position ................................................................3-5
Figure 3-6. Positioning the Wheel Chocks (for lifting to vertical)...................................................3-6
Figure 3-7. Lifting the Scanner to the Vertical Position .................................................................3-6
Figure 3-8. The System Dimensions and Clearances ...................................................................3-8
Figure 3-9. Installing the C-Arm...................................................................................................3-10
Figure 3-10. Connecting the C-Arm Cables ................................................................................3-11
Figure 3-11. Connecting the Operator Console...........................................................................3-12
Figure 3-12. Rear View of Computer...........................................................................................3-13
Figure 3-13. Cabling the Scanner to the Console .......................................................................3-13
Figure 3-14. Checking the Source Voltage Jumpers...................................................................3-14
Figure 3-15. Installing the Lexan Panel .......................................................................................3-14
Figure 4-1. X-Ray Controller Test Points.......................................................................................4-2
Figure 4-2. Filter Wheel Pickoff Pulse Waveform .........................................................................4-3
Figure 4-3. X-Ray Tube Voltage ....................................................................................................4-5
Figure 4-4. X-Ray Tube Current ....................................................................................................4-7
Figure 4-5. X-Ray Beam Alignment Test Point..............................................................................4-8
Figure 4-6. Adjusting the Main Detector ........................................................................................4-8
Figure 4-7. Laser Alignment--Placing Tool ..................................................................................4-10
Figure 4-8. Scan of Pliers as Seen on Screen ............................................................................4-11
Figure 4-9. Locating the Laser Diode ..........................................................................................4-12
Figure 4-10. Laser DiodeSide View from Right........................................................................4-12
Figure 4-11. Checking for Tank Assembly Radiation Leakage ...................................................4-13
Figure 5-1. Base Assembly FRUs .................................................................................................5-5
Figure 5-2. X-Carriage FRUs.........................................................................................................5-6
Figure 5-3. X/Y-Drive FRUs...........................................................................................................5-6
Figure 5-4. Front and Left Side FRUs ...........................................................................................5-7
Figure 5-5. Operator Console FRUs..............................................................................................5-7
Figure 5-6. C-Arm FRUs................................................................................................................5-8
Figure 5-7. Tank Assembly FRUs .................................................................................................5-8
Figure 5-8. Computer Assembly and Components .......................................................................5-9
Figure 6-1. System Power Control.................................................................................................6-1
Figure 6-2. Removing the Table and Front Panel .........................................................................6-3
Figure 6-3. Removing the C-Arm (side view) ................................................................................6-5
Figure 6-4. Removing the C-Arm (top view) ..................................................................................6-6
Figure 6-5. Removing the Tank Assy.Step I ..............................................................................6-8
Figure 6-6. Removing the Tank Assy.Step II .............................................................................6-8
Figure 6-7. Removing the Bellows...............................................................................................6-10
ix

Figure 6-8. Removing the Frame.................................................................................................6-11
Figure 6-9. C-Arm Components ..................................................................................................6-13
Figure 6-10. Laser Diode Assembly ............................................................................................6-15
Figure 7-1. Getting Computer Troubleshooting Help.....................................................................7-6
Figure 9-1. Timing & Control Board...............................................................................................9-1
Figure 9-2. Hologic Stepper Motor Controller Board .....................................................................9-2
Figure 9-3. Stepper Translator ......................................................................................................9-3
Figure 9-4. Signal Distribution Board.............................................................................................9-4
Figure 9-5. Tank Assembly (top view, covers removed) ...............................................................9-5
Figure 9-6. Lexan Cup ...................................................................................................................9-6
Figure 9-7. Bladder Gasket ...........................................................................................................9-6
Figure 9-8. Transformer ................................................................................................................9-7
Figure 9-9. Tank Cover Gasket .....................................................................................................9-7
Figure 9-10. X-Ray Controller Board .............................................................................................9-8
Figure 9-11. Analog to Digital Converter Board.............................................................................9-9
Figure 10-1. Backlash Compensation .........................................................................................10-7
Figure 10-2. PAD Program Display .............................................................................................10-9
Figure 10-3. MOTORX Program Display...................................................................................10-10
Figure 10-4. SURVEY Program Display ....................................................................................10-12
Section 1
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW
The Hologic QDR 4000 is a follow-on to the QDR-1000. The QDR 4000 incorporates many
features of the QDR-1000, such as the dual-energy pencil beam X-ray technology. The
QDR 4000 uses many of the same mechanical and electronic assemblies.
The QDR 4000 is smaller and lighter than the 1000. Many of the mechanical and electrical
assemblies have been redesigned or replaced. The computer has been upgraded and the system
now operates under Microsoft Windows95.
The QDR 4000 estimates the bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of
selected areas of the body. It does this using X-rays of two different energy levels. This dualenergy scheme allows soft tissue within the selected area to be subtracted out, leaving only bone
to be scanned and measured.
The patient lays face up on the table. With the aid of a pointing laser, the operator positions the
scanning arm over the region of interest. After entering patient data and selecting the type and
size of scan desired, the operator initiates the scan with a single keystroke. Scanning, analysis,
and presentation of the scan and analysis results are automatic, as is the printing of a hard-copy
record. The operator needs only to indicate agreement or disagreement with the regions of
interest determined by the computer.
The operator does not have to select technique factors, as tube current and voltage are
preselected and fixed. Since scanning is performed by raster-scanning a small spot, rather than by
flooding the area as in conventional radiography, the exposure time is a function of the
dimensions of the area to be measured, the desired resolution and the desired precision.
BMC results are expressed in grams of calcium hydroxyapatite, and BMD is reported in
grams/cm2 of the same compound.
The maximum patient entrance dose is less than 180 Gy (18 mrad), approximately one third the
exposure of a standard chest X-ray. Leakage radiation at one meter is less than 10 Gy/hr
(1.0 mrad/hr). The patient, operator or room require no additional shielding (unless required by
local regulations. You can place the QDR 4000 in any convenient non-shielded examination
room. (State regulations may vary.)
The QDR 4000 employs a patented Automatic Internal Reference System, which continuously
calibrates the machine to eliminate the effects of variations in temperature, tube flux, etc. There
is no daily calibration required. Hologic does require the daily scanning of a quality control
phantom to provide assurance that the system is functioning correctly, and to aid in the detection
of any long-term drift.
The X-ray scans produced by the QDR 4000 and displayed on the monitor are intended only to
locate anatomical sites for measurement, and to assure the operator that the machine is operating
properly. They are not intended as a substitute for conventional film-based diagnostic images.
1-1
1.2 X-RAY SCANNING THEORY

An X-ray source, consisting of a generator and tube in a common shielded enclosure, is mounted
beneath the patient. It generates a narrow, tightly collimated beam of X-rays which alternates, at
power line frequency, between 70 kVp and 140 kVp. The source is at one end of a C-arm. At the
other end, above the patient, is a crystal/PMT detector. During a scan, the C-arm oscillates
rapidly in the transverse direction while slowly moving longitudinally. Both transverse and
longitudinal motion are under computer control.
Before passing through the patient, the beam is filtered through a rapidly rotating wheel, in
which alternating segments have radioopacities equivalent to tissue, bone and air. When finally
intercepted by the detector, the beam contains information about the X-ray absorbing
characteristics of both the patient and the calibration materials in the filter wheel. An A/D
converter, fed by the detector, supplies a complex digital signal to the computer, which uses that
signal both to construct the screen display and as the basis for its computations of BMC and
BMD.
The QDR 4000's computer algorithm is based on the principle that bone selectively attenuates
high-energy X-ray photons, and that the bone mineral content Q of any sample point can be
computed from
Q = KH-L
where H and L are the logarithms of the sample attenuation at high (140 kVp) and low (70 kVp)
energies, respectively, and the constant K depends on the tissue attenuation characteristics of the
beam. In the QDR 4000, K is continuously measured using the "tissue" segment in the filter
wheel.
The program:
1. Loads preliminary scan and obtains regions of interest from the operator.
2. Estimates K as an average value of
K = [Ltissue - Lair] / [Htissue - Hair]
where Ltissue indicates a low-energy measurement with tissue-equivalent material
interposed by the filter wheel, and Lair, Htissue and Hair are similarly defined.
Note: The subscript "air" designates the filter wheel segment that is empty (i.e., contains neither
bone- nor tissue-equivalent material).
3. Using this value of K, calculates Q for each point scanned using the formula given
above. This array of Q values constitutes a "Q scan". The Q scan displays.
4. Compiles a histogram of the Q values, as shown in Figure 1-1.
Because a large portion of the scan will contain soft tissue only, this histogram will
have a large peak.
5. Chooses a threshold value just above this peak, and applies that value to discriminate,
point by point in the Q scan, between "bone" points (whose Q is above the threshold)
and "non-bone" points (whose Q is below the threshold).
1-2
Section 1 - Introduction
Tissue
Bone
Number of
points with
a specific
value of Q
Q
Figure 1-1. Q-Value Histogram
6. Uses the "non-bone" points to calculate a baseline value for each transverse scan line.
Using these points, forms a new histogram and repeats steps 4 and 5 until the results
converge.
7. Smoothes the segment boundaries to eliminate isolated noise-generated "bone" points.
8. Displays the "bone" and "non-bone" points for operator approval.
9. Determines the constant of proportionality d0 that relates the Q values to actual BMC
(grams/cm2). That constant is determined by measuring how much Q shifts when boneequivalent material is interposed by the filter wheel.
10. Calculates the total bone mineral values by adding up the Q values for all "bone" points
in each region of interest (e.g., each vertebra), and multiplying by d0.
11. Determines the bone areas by counting the number of "bone" points in each region of
interest.
12. Calculates bone mineral density using the formula:
BMD = BMC / area
13. Displays the calculated results and prints the report.
1-3
1.3 X-RAY BEAM GEOMETRY

C-Arm
Detector
C
E
Collimator
F
B
X-Ray
Generator
Figure 1-2. QDR 4000 Pencil Beam Geometry

Figure 1-2 show the specifications of the pencil beam geometry employed by the QDR 4000.
A
B
C
D
E
F
The
distance from the X-ray source
to the detector
distance from the source to the
collimator
beam width at the detector
detector size
collimator opening
X-ray focal spot size
Is
79.7 cm
31.375 in.
23.5 cm
9.250 in.
10.4 mm
22.5 mm
3.2 mm
0.3 x 1.0 mm
0.408 in. dia

0.886 in. sq
0.125 in. dia
0.011 x 0.039 in.
The detector used for the QDR 4000 is a single CdWO4 scintillator.
1-4
1.4 PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

1.4.1
GENERAL
SCANNING METHOD
Rectilinear Pencil Beam (X-ray ) Indexing scan with Single

Detector (PMT)
Switching pulse dual energy X-ray tube operating at 70 kV and
140 kV, 3 mA peak, Tungsten target
AP Lumbar Spine, Proximal Femur (Hip), Forearm, Decubitus
Lateral Spine
41 cm (16 in.) X 48 cm (19 in.) maximum
<2.0 Gy/hr (<0.2 mrad/hr) at 1 m from patient
The QDR 4000 meets the requirements of 21 CFR 1020.30(k)
for x-ray leakage.
X-RAY SYSTEM
SCANNING SITES
SCAN REGION
SCATTER DOSE
LEAKAGE RADIATION
EXTERNAL SHIELDING
REQUIREMENT
MEASUREMENT
ACCURACY
Contact State Regulatory Body

Measurements of Bone Mineral Content (BMC) and projected
Area are calibrated to Hologic anthropomorphic spine phantom
of known mineral content and accurate to +/-1.0%.
Self calibrating using Hologic Automatic Internal Reference
System. Operator calibration not required.
CALIBRATION
Manual movement ( two independent axes ) of the C-Arm using

push-button controls. Laser Indicator (red), <1.0 mW used for
alignment.
PATIENT POSITIONING
1.4.2
PHYSICAL
WEIGHT (approx.)
Shipping
Installed
410 kg (900 lb)

340 kg (750 lb)
FOOTPRINT
Scanner
1.83 m L x 1.03 m W x 1.30 m H (72 L x 40.5 W x 51 H)

74.0 1.3 cm (29.0 .50)
TABLE HEIGHT
1.4.3
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY

Temperature
o
o
15 - 32 C
o
o
(60 - 90 F)
OPERATING
1.4.4
HEAT LOAD
MAXIMUM HEAT LOAD
1.4.5
Humidity
20 - 80% relative humidity,
noncondensing
1.0 kW (3400 BTU/hr)
SUBJECT WEIGHT
MAXIMUM SUBJECT WEIGHT
136 kg (300 lb)
1-5
1.4.6
POWER REQUIREMENTS
VOLTAGE, FREQUENCY, CURRENT AND LOAD

VOLTAGE
(volts)
FREQUENCY
(Hz)
CURRENT
(Amperes)
MAXIMUM APPARENT LINE

RESISTANCE (ohms)
100
50/60
12.0
0.32
120
50/60
11.5
0.32
230
50/60
5.7
1.28
1.4.7
BMD SCAN TIME, PRECISION, DOSE

Entrance Dose
Exam
Default scan lengths
Scan Time
(sec)
in vivo
Precision
Gy
(mrad)
AP Spine
Fast
206
1.0%
19 44
1.9 - 4.4
Performance
394
1.0%
38 88
3.8 - 8.8
263
1.0%
20 49
2.0 - 4.9
Fast
355
1.0%
28 66
2.8 - 6.6
Performance
471
1.0%
38 88
3.8 - 8.8
Decubitus Lateral Spine
587
2.5%
76 176
7.6 - 17.6
Reg Hi Resolution
523
1.4%
Rat Whole Body
779
.66%
Forearm
Proximal Femur (Hip)
1.4.8
RESOLUTION (Approximate)
X
mm
in.
mm
in.
AP Spine
4.3
0.17
4.3
0.17
4.3
0.17
4.3
0.17
6.1
0.24
5.2
0.20
Forearm
4.3
0.17
4.3
0.17
Reg Hi Resolution
0.127
0.005
0.254
0.01
Rat Whole Body
4.3
0.17
4.3
0.17
1-6
1.4.9
DUTY CYCLE
8 hours/day
24 hours/day
AP Spine
100%
50%
100%
50%
100%
50%
Forearm
100%
50%
Reg Hi Resolution
100%
50%
Rat Whole Body
100%
50%
1.4.10 LEAKAGE CURRENT

NORMAL
<75"A
SINGLE FAULT
<400"A
1.5 LEAKAGE TECHNIQUE FACTORS

The leakage technique factors are the maximum continuous current at the maximum peak
potential.
Peak Potential (dual energy)
140/70 kV
Measured operating potential

70 kV
140 kV
Peak Current
3.0 mA (2.0 mA avg.)
Duty Cycle
66%
Measured half value layer

4.0 mm Al equivalent
1.6 ATTENUATION EQUIVALENT OF THE PATIENT

SUPPORT
The patient support consists of a foam pad supported by a Lexan panel.
140 kVp
70 kVp
Lexan panel
Pad
1-7
1.7 MEASUREMENT CRITERIA FOR TECHNIQUE

FACTORS
Peak
Potential
Current
Time
1-8
Measured with an oscilloscope. Voltage is a square pulse, not a sinusoidal wave.

Peak is defined as the peak voltage of the 4 millisecond pulse wave shape not
counting any initial overshoot.
Measured as a peak value using an oscilloscope.
Pulse time is defined as the width of the pulse at 50% of the peak amplitude. Scan
time is measured by counting the number of AC line pulses from the start to the end.
X-ray pulses are synchronous with the AC line.
Section 2
2. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
2.1 THE C-ARM COMPONENTS
2.1.1
THE OPERATOR PANEL
The operator panel located at the top front of the C-arm allows the user to implement several
manual functions. It also indicates the activity of other scanner functions through LED
indicators.
The following illustrates the location of the various operator panel switches and indicators:
X-Ray On LED
Indicator
HOLOGIC
Emergency Stop Switch

Push to disable all
scanner functions
Turn clockwise to
enable all scanner
functions
X-Ray On
Laser
Motion Enabled
Laser On
Laser On Touch Pad
Motion Enabled/Laser On
LED Indicator
C-Arm Motion Control

Touch Pads
Figure 2-1. The Operator Control Panel

2.1.2
THE LASER ASSEMBLY
The pointing laser is a solid-state Class II unit with a power output of less than 1.0 mW. There is
a manual shutter below to inhibit the laser beam if necessary.
2.1.3
THE DETECTOR PMT POWER SUPPLY
The Detector PMT (Photo-Multiplier Tube) Power Supply is located in the sloping section of the
C-arm (see Figure 6-9). The power supply is always on if both the main circuit breaker and the
instrument power are both on. This is done to keep the photomultiplier tube conditioned. The
detector assembly takes one hour to stabilize to proper operating conditions from room
temperature.
The PMT power supply receives 15 VDC from the low voltage power supply in the base
assembly. It outputs -700 VDC to drive the PMT.
2-1

Note: The main circuit breaker and the instrument power switch should be left on at all times
during normal use. This includes idle times such as overnight. The computer power can be
turned off during these times.
WARNING: The output voltage is adjustable and can go as high as 1 kV.
2.1.4
THE MAIN DETECTOR ASSEMBLY
The detector assembly is located inside the top portion of the C-arm (see Figure 5-6). It consists
of a scintillator crystal cemented to the face of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) and a circuit board
containing a bias network and a current-to-voltage converter/amplifier. The crystal/PMT and PC
board are enclosed in a light-tight container into which the crystal and PMT are fitted. X-rays
enter through a radiotransparent tube at one end and impinge on the crystal.
WARNING: Be careful when working around the detector. It operates with a supply voltage of
approximately -700 VDC which is present whenever the main circuit breaker and the
instrument power switch are on (see Figure 6-1).
Problems can be diagnosed using an oscilloscope and/or SURVEY (Section 10.3.4).
2.1.5
THE A/D CONVERTER
The Analog-to-Digital Converter board (A/D) (see Figure 5-6) converts the voltage output from
the detector assembly into a digital number representing the logarithm of that voltage.
The board handles inputs extending over a range of 100 dB from 100 V to 10 V. It integrates
the input signal during each X-ray pulse (every line half-cycle), executes a log conversion on the
integrated signal, then performs a 12-bit analog-to-digital conversion. It then transmits the data to
the computer through the T&C board.
Errors caused by PMT dark current and amplifier offset voltages are effectively eliminated by
circuitry and software which measures the total of these errors when X-rays are off, then injects a
compensating current into the log amp input when X-rays are on.
The A/D converter board can be tested using the SURVEY utility (Section 10.3.4).
2.2 THE COMPUTER COMPONENTS

2.2.1
TIMING AND CONTROL BOARD
The Timing & Control (T&C) board is located in the computer (see Figure 5-8) and is the
computers interface to the A/D converter, the X-ray controller, the filter wheel, laser, status
indicators, limit switches, and the manual controls. It also provides the computer with a line sync
signal.
The T&C board buffers data flow from and to the A/D converter and supplies it with convert and
integration commands.
Responding to commands from the computer, the T&C board generates line-synchronized beamon and beam-off signals for the X-ray controller board (it does this every half cycle), and
2-2
Section 2 Functional Description

generates a watchdog signal which inhibits X-ray production in case of a computer failure
following a beam-on command.
The board also monitors the filter wheel pickoff pulse and passed this signal to the computer for
further action.
2.2.2
THE STEPPER MOTOR CONTROLLER BOARD
This board is located in the computer (see Figure 5-8). It is the interface between the computer
and the stepper translators which in turn drive the X- and Y-axis carriages.
Problems can be diagnosed using an oscilloscope and/or MOTORX and MOTORY
(Section 10.3.3).
2.3 THE X-CARRIAGE COMPONENTS

2.3.1
THE FILTER WHEEL
The Filter Wheel assembly is a rotating wheel mounted on the top of the X-ray Tank directly
below the collimator opening. The rotation of this wheel is synchronized to the firing of the Xray source. The wheel is comprised of 6 equal segments of different reference materials:
Sequence (CW)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Material
Air
Aluminum, Bone Standard, Brass
Bone Standard
Aluminum, Tissue Standard, Brass
Tissue Standard
Aluminum, Brass
A timing sensor (filter wheel pickoff) senses once per revolution the rotational position of the
wheel relative to the tank opening and is used for synchronizing. The pickoff must also be
adjusted to provide proper phasing between the filter wheel and the X-ray pulses.
2.3.2
THE X-RAY CONTROLLER
The X-Ray Controller controls the beam excitation voltage and the filament voltage applied to
the X-ray tube to maintain a regulated X-ray energy output.
The XRC is a multi-layer PCB separated into two separate regions, Control Logic and Power
Switching. The Control Logic communicates to the PC Control Logic by Optically Isolated
Digital I/O. The Power Switching section regulates the applied power to the Tank Module. Both
the Beam Excitation Voltage and the Filament Voltage are regulated by Closed Loop Controllers.
Independent Fault Detection and Safety Circuits monitor system operation. Safety fault
conditions inhibit operation of the X-Ray Tube.
The XRC performs the following functions:
2-3
2.3.3
THE HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY/SOURCE ASSEMBLY
This unit, also called the Tank (see Figure 5-7), is a sealed unit containing the X-ray tube, the
high voltage transformer, and other circuitry needed to generate 70 kVp and 140 kVp pulses. The
unit is filled with oil and weighs approximately 90 kg (200 lb). The tank produces potentially
lethal voltages and should NEVER be opened in the field. It is not field repairable. Externally
mounted assemblies such as the filter wheel, X-ray controller, etc. should be removed before
returning it to the factory.
The HVPS/Source can be tested as described in Section 4.3.
2.4 THE BASE ASSEMBLY COMPONENTS

2.4.1
THE STEPPER TRANSLATOR
The stepper translator (see Figure 5-1) is a multiphase signal generator and special-purpose
power amplifier. Under control of low-power direction and pulse signals delivered by the Stepper
Motor Controller board to its optically-decoupled inputs, the translator generates the multiphase
signals and the power required by the stepper motor windings.
Note: Stepper translators are encapsulated units, and are therefore not repairable in either the
field or the factory.
2.4.2
SIGNAL DISTRIBUTION BOARD
The Signal Distribution board distributes the I/O signals from the Timing & Control and Stepper
Motor Controller boards located in the computer to the appropriate circuits in the scanner. It also
conditions the outputs from the Emergency Stop relay, Auxiliary X-Ray relay and E-Stop switch
to Timing & Control board.
The Signal Distribution board requires +5 VDC and 15 VDC.
2.4.3
THE OPTICAL ENCODER
This device (see Figure 5-3) turns when the corresponding X or Y-drive lead screws rotate. It
then generates a square wave and sends it back to the signal distribution board. On the signal
distribution board, the optical encoder square wave increments an eight-bit counter. There is one
counter for the X-drive and another counter for the Y-drive. If the X or Y position changes, the
counter sends the new count to the computer. The software can then determine if the motion
command actually did move the respective carriage assembly.
The optical encoder can be tested using the MOTORX or MOTORY utilities (Section 10.3.3).
2-4
Section 3
3. INSTALLATION
3.1 INTRODUCTION
The QDR 4000 is partially disassembled, packaged and shipped in one crate. The C-arm and the
computer peripheral cables are not installed. You must install the C-arm and the computer
peripheral cables after the system is placed at the installation site.
You must assemble the operator console and unpack the computer peripherals. After you
assemble the console, you must place the printer, keyboard, mouse and monitor in their places on
the console. You must then connect the cables and power cords.
The tank assembly is installed when the system is shipped. You may have to remove the tank
assembly if you need to stand the scanner vertically to move it through a doorway. Removing the
tank assembly makes the scanner considerably lighter.
WARNING: The QDR 4000 weighs 410 kg (900 lb) when shipped and 341 kg (750 lb) when
installed. With the C-arm and table removed, the weight is 295 kg (650 lb). It is
imperative that you do not attempt to lift this equipment alone.
3.1.1
TOOLS AND SUPPLIES NEEDED
To do this installation, the only tools you will need are:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
A flat-head screwdriver
A Phillips-head screwdriver
An adjustable wrench*
Radiation survey meter (Victoreen 450P or equivalent)
Oscilloscope
Leakage measuring tool (099-0566)
Measuring tape or equivalent
Calibration Utilities disk (099-0560)
* A nut driver and/or socket wrench may be more useful in some cases but an adjustable wrench
is acceptable.
3.1.2
ROOM SIZE
The room must be at least 2.4 x 2.4 m (8 x 8 ft). The door must be at least 0.76 m (30 in.) wide.
If the scanner is moved to the room in the vertical position, you need 2.49 x 0.77 m
(98.00 x 30.25 in.) of space to lower the unit from vertical to horizontal . Make sure there is no
interference from built-in cabinets and/or other fixtures that can not be moved.
Note: If the customer site does not meet these minimum dimensions, you may have to
completely disassemble the unit down to the base assembly by removing:
1.
2.
3.
4.
the Table
the Tank Assembly
the Computer
the Frame
!
3-1

See the section on Removal and Replacement for these procedures.
Figure 3-1. Minimum Room and Door Size

Note: Figure 3-1 shows you how to lower the scanner in an 8 x 8 room. After lowering the
scanner, you must position it into the proper place before removing the caster bars.
3.2 INITIAL INSTALLATION

3.2.1
INSPECTING THE SYSTEM
When the system arrives at the customer site, visually inspect the exterior of the crate for obvious
damage. Report any problems to the customers shipping department, if applicable, and Hologic
before proceeding.
3.2.2
PREPARING THE SYSTEM FOR INSTALLATION
The QDR 4000 system may be too large to move directly to the installation site from the loading
dock (or place it was delivered). If this is the case, you must:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3-2
Unpack the system.

Remove the table.
Remove the front panel.
Remove the tank assembly (if necessary).
Raise the scanner to a vertical position (if necessary).
Section 3 - Installation
3.2.3
UNPACKING THE SYSTEM
The system is shipped as pictured in Figure 3-2. To unload the system:

1. Remove the lid.
2. Remove the sleeve.
3. Remove the accessories box from the table. The tank dolly or a furniture dolly can be
used to transport it.
4. Remove the tank dolly, foam blocks, caster bars and chocks from under the system (see
Figure 3-2). Retain the foam blocks for later use.
Note: The caster retainer clips are taped to the bottom of the extra caster bars.
Lid
Accessories
Sleeve
Carriage Brackets (2x)
(one on each side)
Anchor Brackets (2x)
Located under
machine:
Foam blocks
Wheel chocks
Ramps
Tank dolly
Unloading Ramp
(2x, mounted in
back)
Unloading Ramp (2x, mounted in front)
Figure 3-2. System Shipping Hardware

5. Remove the two ramps from under the machine and place on any one of the four sides
of the crate.
6. Remove the two anchor brackets.
Note: Return these brackets to Hologic.
7. Carefully guide the system down the ramps.
Note: You will need about 13 6 of room to remove the system from the skid, whether you
move it off the front or the back (see Figure 3-3).
3-3
4.11 m (13.5 ft)

Remove accessories
before unloading
Figure 3-3. Minimum Clearance Needed to Unskid System

3.2.4
MOVING SYSTEM TO ASSIGNED AREA
To determine if the system should be moved vertically or horizontally, use Figure 3-4 and the
following table to check for minimum clearances:
D
E
A
B
C
Figure 3-4. Scanner Clearances
3-4
Dimension
A
B
C
D
E
F
3.2.5
Inches
41
41
40
34
30
70
Centimeters
104
103
100
85
77
177
Comments
Table installed
Table removed and front panel installed
Table and front panel removed
Caster bars installed
Caster bars removed
Vertical clearance
REMOVING THE TABLE
If you must remove the table before preceding, refer to Section 6.3.1.
3.2.6
REMOVING THE FRONT PANEL
If you must remove the front panel, refer to Section 6.4.1.
3.2.7
REMOVING THE TANK ASSEMBLY
If you must remove the tank, refer to Section 6.7.1.
3.2.8
RAISING THE SCANNER TO THE VERTICAL POSITION
WARNING: THIS PROCEDURE REQUIRES TWO (2) PEOPLE

At this point the system weighs about 625 lb (284 kg). You must get someone to help
you.
CAUTION: Do not tilt the scanner vertically onto a movers dolly. Doing this may scratch or
dent the side of the frame which cannot be repaired in the field. The caster bars
have integral padding and were designed for this purpose.
If the scanner unit needs to be set to a vertical position to move it to where it will be installed,
refer to Figure 3-5 and Figure 3-7 and.
1. Locate the two additional caster bars shipped with the system.
2. Mount the caster bars vertically into the holes provided on the lower edge of the right
side. Use the 1/2" bolts provided (located in the accessories box).
Vertical Caster
Rail (2x)
Foam wheel lock

in place (2 lower
casters only)
Position caster up.
Position caster toward center.
Mounting
Hardware (4x)
Figure 3-5. Preparing the Scanner for Vertical Position

!
3-5
Foam wheel locks in place.

Vertical caster wheels in
upright position.
Wheel chocks in
place.
Position of vertical wheels after scanner is
lifted to vertical position.
Figure 3-6. Positioning the Wheel Chocks (for lifting to vertical)
3. While holding the vertical wheels upward, put the foam wheel lock in place.
WARNING: Step 3 is very important. If you fail to do this, the wheels do not drop into the
chocks properly and you may drop the scanner.
4. Position the horizontal caster wheels toward the center.
5. Place the two wheel chocks (shipped with system) in position (see Figure 3-6 and Figure
3-7).
6. Using help, tilt the scanner to the vertical position.
7. Remove foam blocks (or slide back).
You can now move the scanner to the room where it will be installed.
125 lb goes to
230 lb when
weight shifts to
other caster bar.
Wheel Chocks (2x)
U Foam Caster
Wheel Lock (2x)
Figure 3-7. Lifting the Scanner to the Vertical Position

3.2.9
LOWERING THE SCANNER TO THE HORIZONTAL POSITION
To lower the scanner to the horizontal position:

3-6
1. Position the lower horizontal caster wheels so they are facing up and secure them using
the wheel locks provided which are taped to the caster bar (Figure 3-6).
WARNING: Step 1 is very important. If you fail to do this, the wheels do not drop into the
chocks properly and you may drop the scanner.
2. Position the wheel chocks as detailed in Figure 3-6 and Figure 3-7.
WARNING: You need two people to perform step 3.
3. Carefully lower the scanner.
3.3 FINAL INSTALLATION

3.3.1
PLANNING THE LAYOUT
Figure 3-8 and the tables following show the QDR 4000 dimensions and clearances. Use this
information to plan the layout of the room and the positioning of the scanner and the operator
console.
Some things to remember while planning the layout are:
The power cord and the computer cables are approximately 15 ft (4.8 m) long
respectively and exit the scanner from the left side only.
You must set the front of the scanner table at least 54 in. (137 cm) from the wall.
Make sure there is clearance for the C-arm to move in the Y direction (left to right).
There may be pipes or wall cabinets in the way at some installations.
3-7

WALL
A
B
E
D
F
H
J
K
I
Figure 3-8. The System Dimensions and Clearances

Measurement
A, B
Measurement
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
3.3.2
Feet
15.0
Inches
28.3
25.3
54.0
30.0
16.0
50.3
72.3
29.0
64.0
Meters
4.6
Centimeters
71.9
64.3
137.2
76.2
40.6
127.8
183.6
73.7
162.6
SETTING THE UNIT IN PLACE
Note: Refer to Figure 3-1 to determine clearances needed to lower the unit.
1. Remove the two vertical caster bars on the side (if installed).
3-8
2. Place the unit where it will be used but leave room behind it to install the C-arm.
3.3.3
REMOVING THE HORIZONTAL CASTER BARS
WARNING: This procedure requires two (2) people.

The caster bars must be removed:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Remove the 3 bolts (one in bottom/rear) and washers holding the left caster bar.
Lift the left side of the scanner.
Remove the caster bar.
Set the left side of the scanner down.
CAUTION: Do not drop the scanner. You may cause damage to the computer components.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
If necessary, remove the front panel (Section 6.4.1).

Remove the carriage brackets holding the lower and upper carriage to the base.
Slide the tank all the way to the left.
Remove the bolts and washers holding the right caster bar to the scanner.
Lift the scanner.
Remove the caster bar.
Gently set the scanner to the floor.
Note: The four (4) caster bars must be returned to Hologic in the box provided (include brackets
and chocks).
3.3.4
INSTALLING THE TANK ASSEMBLY
If you need to reinstall the tank assembly, refer to Section 6.7.2.
3.3.5
REMOVING THE CARRIAGE SHIPPING BRACKETS
Refer to Figure 3-2 and remove the (2) Carriage Shipping Brackets. There is one on the near right
and another on the far left.
Note: Return these brackets to Hologic.
3.3.6
INSTALLING THE C-ARM
Note: The mounting hardware for the C-Arm may already be installed when the system is
shipped. Refer to Figure 3-9 and remove this hardware before proceeding.
Refer to Figure 3-9 and:
1. Remove the back cover (4 screws).
2. Place the C-arm into the X-carriage assembly so that the mounting studs pass through
the mounting holes.
CAUTION: Be sure to clear the cables as they pass through the cutout.
Note: Do NOT attach washers and nuts at this time.
3. Attach the mounting screws and washers. Do not tighten.
4. Fasten the brace to the X-Carriage Assembly. Do not tighten any of the six
mounting screws.
!
3-9

5. Fasten the ground strap to the ground lug.
6. Install the mounting stud nuts and washers. Do not tighten.
7. Remove the top cover (10 screws).
8. Feed the cables up through the C-arm channel and through the hole below the high
voltage power supply.
9. Referring to Figure 3-10, connect the four cables as indicated.
Top Cover
Cables
Top Mounting Screw (2x)

Brace (2x)
19 1 2 ! 1/8 in.
Adjusting Screws (4x)
Back Cover
Mounting Stud (2x)

Mounting Screw (2x)
Ground Lug
Figure 3-9. Installing the C-Arm
3-10
Red Stripe
Operator Panel
Cable
Mate Pin 1
with Red Stripe
Cable Clamp
Ground Strap
Emer. Stop/Laser Cable
Power Cable
A/D Signal Cable
Figure 3-10. Connecting the C-Arm Cables

3.3.7
INSTALLING THE OPERATOR CONSOLE
The Operator Console consists of:
The Stand
The Keyboard
The Monitor
The Mouse
The Printer
Cable and Power Bundle

To install the operator console:
1. Unpack these components and set up as pictured in Figure 3-11.
Note: You may need to assemble the console stand. The directions are in the box that the
console is shipped in.
2. Mount the power strip on the back on the stand. (Holes should be provided. If not, use
nylon wraps.)
3. Plug the printers power cord into the power strip.
4. Plug the monitors power cord into the power strip.
5. Referring to Figure 3-13, plug the mouse, monitor, printer and keyboard cables into the
cable bundle.
6. Plug the extension cord from the cable bundle into the receptacle in the power strip.
3-11

Printer
Monitor
Keyboard & Mouse
Operator Console
Power Source
Power Strip (viewed from back)
Figure 3-11. Connecting the Operator Console

Note: To gain access to the back of the computer, it may be helpful to remove the bellows
behind the computer. To do this, refer to Section 6.8.
At the scanner end of the cable bundle:
1. Referring to Figure 3-13, plug the A/C power plug into the receptacle labeled Operator
Console Power Source.
2. Route the four gray computer cables through the Computer Cable Notch (see Figure
3-11) in the left side panel.
3. Referring to Figure 3-12, plug each cable into its corresponding receptacle. They are all
labeled.
3-12
Pentium 200
Pentium 333
Power Receptacle
Voltage Select Switch
Serial Port #1 (not used)
Mouse Port
Keyboard Port
Printer Port
Serial Port #2 (not used)
Video Card
SCSI Card (JAZ Drive)
Open Slot
Motor Stepper Card
Timing and Control Card
Network Card
Modem Card (optional)
Wall Jack
Phone Jack
Figure 3-12. Rear View of Computer

CAUTION: Do not plug the mouse cable into the keyboard receptacle or vice versa. This could
damage the components when power is turned on.
Scanner
Printer
Mouse
Computer
Monitor
Main Power
Panel
Keyboard
Power Strip
Figure 3-13. Cabling the Scanner to the Console

3.3.8
CHECKING THE VOLTAGE JUMPERS
The system should be properly set to the voltage available at the customer site before it is
shipped. If set improperly, it could damage the system. Refer to Figure 3-14 to check for proper
voltage jumpers on the isolation transformer. (The location of the isolation transformer is shown
in Figure 5-1.)
3-13
BLK (1)
PRI
SEC
120
120
PRI
SEC
120
120
110
110
110
110
100
100
100
100
100
0
120
120
0
120
120
120
120
110
110
110
110
110
110
100
100
100
100
100
100
BLK (1)
BLK (2)
BLK (2)
100VAC
BLK (1)
PRI
SEC
120
120
110
110
100
BLK (2)
120VAC
230VAC
Figure 3-14. Checking the Source Voltage Jumpers

Note: At this point it is recommended that you power up the system and check for general
operation. Make sure that the computer boots up properly and that the scanner operates as
it should. If there is a problem, the table and front panel are removed for easy
troubleshooting.
3.3.9
INSTALLING THE TABLE
To install the table, refer to Section 6.3.2.
3.3.10 INSTALLING THE LEXAN PANEL

Federal law requires that no person may gain access to the inside of the system without a tool.
Therefore, the Lexan panel MUST be properly fastened to the table, if not already done so. Using
the screws provided, and referencing Figure 3-15:
1. Insert the Lexan panel into the cutout in the table.
2. Fasten with four screws provided.
Lexan Panel
Cutout in table
Figure 3-15. Installing the Lexan Panel

3.3.11 LEVELING THE C-ARM
The top of the C-arm must be level. To check this, refer to Figure 3-9 and:
1. Tighten both mounting screws.
2. Torque down the six bracket screws until they just begin to touch the metal but leave
room for adjustment.
3. Do the same for the two mounting stud nuts.
3-14
4. Measure the distance from the top of the Lexan panel to the bottom of the C-arm.
5. Maneuver the C-arm vertically to achieve a distance of 19.5 in. (49.5 cm) without
twisting the arm.
6. Tighten all the mounting screws.
7. Recheck the C-arm distance. If out of specification, repeat this procedure.
3.3.12 INSTALLING THE FRONT PANEL

If you need to install the front panel, refer to Section 6.4.2.
Note: You may want to keep the front panel off until you finish the Checks/Adjustments
detailed in Section 3.4.5.
3.3.13 REINSTALLING THE BELLOWS ASSEMBLY (if necessary)

If you need to reinstall the bellows assembly, refer to Section 6.8.2.
3.4 FINAL SYSTEM CHECKOUT AND TEST

3.4.1
SOFTWARE
Hologic installs the Operating System and all the optional software the customer ordered on the
computer before the system is shipped from the factory. If, by chance, you do need to install
additional software, use the installation notes that come with it.
3.4.2
BOOTING THE SYSTEM FOR THE FIRST TIME
When you boot the system for the first time, it asks you for the license agreement number. The
licensing information is shipped with the system. You must enter this information or you can not
proceed further. Follow the instructions given after you boot the system.
3.4.3
THE COMPUTER
When Windows 95 (or later) starts after you power on the computer, it checks the operation of
memory, the disks and other internal options.
If you suspect any problems, you should check the following computer options and peripherals
for proper operation:
Device
3.5 Floppy Drive
Hard Disk (C Drive)
JAZ Drive (if installed)
M/O Drive (if installed)
Printer
3.4.4
Suggested Checkout Procedure
Go to Section 7.3
THE SCANNER
Device
Suggested Checkout Procedure
X-Rays On/Off
Laser Beam On/Off
Table Motion X/Y Directions
Operation
Go to Section 10.3.4
Go to Section 2.2.1
3-15
3.4.5
FINAL CHECKS AND ADJUSTMENTS
Now that you have made a preinstallation cursory check of the computer, software, and the basic
functions on the scanner, you must verify the scanner operation in detail and make all necessary
adjustments.
Use the following table as a guide to which checks and adjustments to do and the order in which
to do them.
Step
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
3.4.6
Check/Adjustment
Go to
Power Line Voltage

Filter Wheel Phasing
HVPS (Tank) Source Voltage and Current
X-Ray Beam Alignment
PMT Voltage
Laser Beam Alignment
Tank Assembly Leakage
Scatter Radiation
Patient Dose
Calibration Verification
Reproducibility
Section 4.1
Section 4.2
Section 4.3
Section 4.5
Section 4.6
Section 4.7
Section 4.8
Section 4.9
Section 4.9
Section 4.10
Section 4.11
Radiation Measurement
Report Entry?
(Section 3.4.8)
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
SYSTEM VERIFICATION
There are a few more things you must do BEFORE signing the system over to the customer:
Step
1
2
3
4
5
3.4.7
Procedure
Insert the Spine Phantom number into the patient data base.
Run AutoScan and do 20 scans.
Analyze 20 scans.
Add the 20 scans to the QC database.
Print QC plots and other important information.
Go to
4000 Users Guide
Section 10.3
4000 Users Guide
4000 Users Guide
4000 Users Guide
REPORTS TO BE COMPLETED
Complete the following reports and return to them to Hologic when you finish the installation.
Form
Part No.
FDA
FDA 2579
Customer Acknowledge Checklist
CSD-0024-01
Customer Service Report
FS-SERVRPT
Radiation Measurement Report
CSD-0026-02
3.4.8
THE RADIATION MEASUREMENT REPORT
See next page.
3-16
QDR 1000/1500/2000/4000
Radiation Measurement Report
Customer Name
Customer Address
Customer Contact
Hologic Model Number
Serial Number
Date Measurement Taken
Voltage and Current Tests

Line Voltage: (choose one)
Tube Peak Potential:
(100V)
(#90V, "110V)
(70 kVp)
(#63kVp , "77kVp)
(120V)
(#108V, "132V)
(140 kVp)
(#126kVp, "154kVp)
(230V)
(#207V, "253V)
Reproducibility Test:
SD Hi Air
("14)
SD LoAir
("14)
Tube Current:
(#2.5mA, "3.5mA )
(3mA)
Radiation Tests
Leakage Test using Victoreen Model #450P (or equivalent)
Dosage Test
Scatter Test
S/N
Pencil Beam
mR/h
Pencil Beam
mR
Pencil Beam
mR/h
using Victoreen Model #450P (or equivalent) S/N
using Victoreen Model #450P (or equivalent) S/N
F/E Signature________________________
Date______________
CSD-0026-02 Rev A
3-17
Section 4
4. ALIGNMENT AND CALIBRATION
This section shows the procedures for the following:
Checking the power line voltage
Checking and adjusting filter wheel phasing
Checking and adjusting HVPS/source voltage and current
Checking and adjusting X-ray beam alignment check and adjustment
PMT voltage check and adjustment
Laser beam alignment check/adjustment
Surveying for leakage radiation
Measuring patient dose and scatter
Verifying calibration and recalibrating
Checking reproducibility
4.1 CHECKING THE POWER LINE VOLTAGE

Hologic strongly recommends that the QDR 4000 be powered from a dedicated power line. See
the product specifications in Section 1 for power requirements.
Turn on computer power and, with an AC voltmeter, measure the voltage at the outlet the unit
will be plugged into. The measured voltage must be within 10% of the voltage shown on the
power label (located where the power cord attaches to the unit). The QDR 4000 has a built-in
step up/down isolation transformer which can be restrapped to accommodate other voltages if
necessary. See Figure 3-14 for the configurations of the isolation transformer.
Note: Record the results in the Radiation Measurement Report, Section 3.4.8.
4.2 CHECKING AND ADJUSTING FILTER WHEEL

PHASING
This procedure describes how to check and/or correct the phasing of the filter wheel's angular
position with respect to the AC line frequency.
1. Set up the oscilloscope as follows:
Trigger
Sec/Div
Vertical Mode
Trigger Source
Channel 1
Channel 2
Normal
2 ms
Both and Chop
Internal, Channel 2, Positive Slope,
2 Volts/Div
50 Volts/Div
4-1

2. Set both channels AC/GND/DC switches to GND.
3. Set both traces on the screen centerline.
4. Set both channels to AC.
L1
J2
F1
TP2
F2
J1
L2
C12
TP12
TP1
J8
C18
TP3
J4
TP11
TP4
PTC1
J6
R38
D20
D17
J5
R39
TP5
TP6
C60
S1
D24
U14
D29
D30
J7
TP7
TP8
D23
U15
PTC2
Q11
TP9
J3
TP10
D33
Chassis
Ground
Figure 4-1. X-Ray Controller Test Points

5. Connect the channel 1 probe to the filter wheel pickoff test point on the X-ray controller
PCB (Figure 4-1, TP11).
6. Connect the channel 2 probe to the A/C test point on the X-ray controller PCB (Figure
4-1, TP12).
WARNING: THERE IS DANGEROUSLY HIGH VOLTAGE PRESENT ON TP12.
Channel 1 displays a positive-going pulse, 4-5 volts in amplitude and 0.5-1 ms in duration.
Channel 2 displays a line-frequency sine wave with a peak amplitude of approximately 168 V
(see Figure 4-2).
4-2
Section 4 Alignment & Calibration
Chan 1,
Filter Wheel
Pickoff Pulse
Chan 2,
120 VAC
2 mS/div
Figure 4-2. Filter Wheel Pickoff Pulse Waveform

7. Adjust the scope trigger level so that both signals appear stable.
Note: Locate where the sine wave crosses the horizontal centerline (0 V) of the scope in a
positive-going direction. If necessary, magnify the display by changing the sweep speed to
0.5 ms/Div and the gain of channel 2 to 20 V/Div. Ideally, the time at which this crossing
occurs should correspond to the middle of the channel 1 pulse.
8. If the line voltage positive-going axis crossing:
a) is not centered on the pickoff pulse, perform the following steps.
b) is centered, perform step 20 only.
WARNING: THE FILTER WHEEL MOTOR IS HOT!!! Do not touch it with your bare
hands.
9. Stop the motor (use SURVEY, Section 10.3.4).
10. Loosen the motor bolts (4) until you can turn the motor by hand.
Note: Do not over-loosen the bolts. Otherwise the calibration will change when you retighten
them.
11. Restart the motor.
12. Restart the filter wheel motor.
13. While observing the scope, turn the motor until the AC signal zero crossing falls within
the pickoff pulse.
14. Tighten all motor screws.
Note: If the pickoff pulse can not be adjusted because it is out of range:
15. Stop the motor.
16. Loosen the four motor screws until the belt loosens.
17. Move the belt in relation to the pulley by just one tooth. (Hand tighten screws to restore
belt tension.)
18. Follow the procedure in step 13 above.
4-3

If problem gets worse, move the belt two teeth in the opposite direction and repeat steps
15-17 above. Then repeat step 13.
19. Tighten all screws and check the belt tension (which is correct when the middle of the
stationary belt can be deflected, with moderate finger pressure, about +1/4").
20. Turn on the X-rays (use SURVEY, Section 10.3.4).
21. Stop and restart the motor several times (use SURVEY ) to verify that the phasing
remains correct. If it does not, you must repeat this section.
4.3 HVPS/SOURCE VOLTAGE AND CURRENT

Note: First insert the Calibration Utilities disk (099-0560) into the floppy drive.
The High Voltage Power Supply (HVPS) is located in the tank assembly and should be tested for
proper tube voltage and current and corrected if necessary.
Note: If the tube current is out of specification, there may be a problem with the tank or the
X-ray controller. If the tank or the X-ray controller is replaced, beam alignment, leakage,
scatter, patient dose, and filter wheel alignment must be rechecked and the system
calibration must be reverified.
4.3.1
CHECKING FOR CORRECT TUBE VOLTAGES
To check the HVPS/Source voltages:

WARNING: Remove power to the X-ray controller board by pushing the Emergency Stop
Switch IN.
1. Gain access to the tank assembly by removing the front panel.
Note: You may want to remove the table for better access.
2. Remove the X-ray controller cover (2 screws and 2 nuts).
WARNING: Hazardous voltages are present on the X-ray controller assembly. DO NOT
ground the scope probe to the PCB. This board has a floating ground and may actually
be 120 volts with respect to the chassis ground.
Note: Power the scope from the same source as the QDR 4000 to assure proper phase of
waveforms and to minimize noise.
Trigger
Sec/Div
Vertical Mode
Trigger Source
Channel 1
Channel 2
Auto, Positive Slope

2 ms
Add, Both Invert Ch. 2
Channel 1
2 Volts/Div
2 Volts/Div, Invert
4. Connect the channel 1 probe to TP5 on the X-Ray controller board.

5. Connect the channel 2 probe to TP6 on the X-Ray controller board.
4-4

6. Set both channels to GND, place trace on the bottom line of the screen and then set both
channels back to DC.
7. Restore power to the X-ray controller board by releasing the emergency stop switch.
8. Using SURVEY (Section 10.3.4), power the filter wheel on and off and note the
Pickoff Out of Phase number on the screen. Do not continue until this number
remains constant.
9. Turn on the X-rays by pressing <F1>.
10. Press <Esc> to exit and restart SURVEY. The Pickoff Out of Phase, No Filter Wheel
Pickoff and Hi-Lo Out of Sequence must be 0.
11. Turn the X-rays back on (<F1>).
WARNING: Keep hands and other body parts out of the X-ray beam path (from the top front of
the tank to the front of the C-arm). Remove any articles from the table to minimize
scatter.
12. View the two small positive pulses that appear on the scope and grow larger after about
six seconds. Adjust the scopes trigger level until the display is stable (see Figure 4-3).
13. Verify that the pulse amplitudes are:
7.00 V 0.2 V (3.4 - 3.6 divisions) for the lower voltage, and
14.00 V 0.2 V (6.9 - 7.1 divisions) for the higher voltage.
2 V/div
If either voltage is outside these limits, go to the following adjustment procedure.
14v
7v
2 mS/div
Figure 4-3. X-Ray Tube Voltage
4.3.2
ADJUSTING THE X-RAY TUBE PEAK POTENTIAL
The following procedure details the steps to check and adjust the X-ray pulse energies. These
energies must be 702 kVp and 1402 kVp. To check and adjust them:
1. Set up scope and probes as described in the previous section.
4-5

2. Running SURVEY, Press <F1> to turn on X-rays.
Note: While the X-rays are on, the X-ray light on the arm must also be on.
3. Adjust the scope to display the waveform in Figure 4-3.
4. Adjust R38 until the second highest peak of the large pulse is between 13.8 and 14.2
volts.
5. Set both channels to 1 volt/div.
6. Adjust R39 until the second highest peak of the small pulse is between 6.8 and 7.2 volts.
7. Return channels to 2 v/division and verify the large pulse is between 13.8 to 14.2 volts.
8. Press <F2> to turn off the X-rays.
Note: When the X-rays turn off, the computer beeps several times.
Also, you should do a scan on the phantom to be sure that d0 is between 123 and 131. If
not, you may need to adjust the voltages. To increase d0, increase the separation between
140 kV and 70 kV.
4.3.3
CHECKING FOR CORRECT TUBE CURRENT
To check for the proper X-ray tube current:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Set up the scope as described in Section 4.3.1.

Connect the channel 1 probe to TP7.
Connect the channel 2 probe to TP8.
Set both channels to GND, and place the trace on the bottom line of the screen.
Set both channels to DC.
Using SURVEY (Section 10.3.4), press <F1> to turn on the X-rays.
WARNING: Keep hands and other body parts out of the X-ray beam path (from the top front of
the tank to the front of the C-arm. Do not place any objects in the beam path.
7. Adjust the scope to display a waveform as pictured in Figure 4-4.
Note: If the scope does not display the proper current wave forms, the XRC or the tank
assembly may have to be replaced. Before doing this, it is advised that you contact
Hologic field support personnel to discuss the situation. Double-check the readings and
make sure the scope is calibrated properly. Replacing the tank assembly is a costly and
time-consuming task.
8. Divide the peak signal on the scope by 3.33 to get the peak current in mA.
9. Press <F2> to turn off the X-rays.
4-6
2 V/div
8.5 - 11.5 V
2 mS/div
6.0 - 8.0 ms
Figure 4-4. X-Ray Tube Current
4.4 LEVELING THE C-ARM

Before you can check and align the X-ray beam, you must make sure that the C-arm is level.
Refer to Section 3.3.11.
4.5 X-RAY BEAM ALIGNMENT CHECK AND

ADJUSTMENT
1. Exit the system software by pressing <Alt><F1>.
2. At the DOS [C:\MENU] prompt, type A:SURVEY<Enter>.
Trigger
Sec/Div
Vertical Mode
Trigger Source
Channel 1 Volts/Div
Auto, Negative
2 ms
Channel 1
Line or Channel 1
1V
4. Remove the C-arm top cover and connect the channel 1 probe to the Test Point Lead
(U3-1, see Figure 4-5) on the ADC board.
4-7
FRONT
J3
J5
U3
Top View
Test Point
Lead
Figure 4-5. X-Ray Beam Alignment Test Point

5. Set the channel 1 AC/GND/DC switch to GND, set the trace on the top line of the
screen, then switch the probe to DC.
6. Verify that the Lexan panel is installed (see Figure 3-15).
7. Install the X-ray Beam Alignment tool (099-0601). (See Figure 4-6.)
8. Using SURVEY, turn on the filter wheel using <F5>. (Pressing <F6> turns the filter
wheel off.)
9. Using SURVEY (Section 10.3.4), turn on the X-ray beam by pressing <F1>. (Pressing
<F2> will turn it off.)
10. The scope displays six pulse amplitudes, the largest of which is approximately -7.5 V.
X-Ray Alignment
Tool Installed
(hole on bottom)
Holding Bracket
Clamp Screws
(top and bottom)
Slide tool back to
this point.
C-Arm
(top view)
Main Detector
Assembly
Figure 4-6. Adjusting the Main Detector

11. Slightly flex the arm (left to right and front to back) and observe the scope. If the
HVPS/Source position is properly adjusted, the signal amplitudes should only decrease,
4-8
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
regardless of the direction in which the arm is flexed. If this is the case, skip to step 19.
If not, proceed to step 12.
Turn the X-ray beam off by pressing <F2>.
Gain access to the detector assembly (see Figure 4-6).
Loosen the screws on the top and bottom of the holding bracket. (The top screw allows
the detector to move forward while the bottom screw allows the detector to move from
side to side.)
Turn the X-ray beam on by pressing <F1>.
Move the detector left-right and forward-back to determine the location at which the
pulse amplitudes are maximized.
When the maximum-signal position has been located, turn the beam off and tighten the
detector mounting screws.
Turn the beam back on and verify that the maximum signal amplitude is still present. If
not, repeat steps 13-16.
Turn the X-rays off by pressing <F2>.
Remove the tool if installed.
Reinstall the C-arm top cover.
4.6 PMT VOLTAGE CHECK AND ADJUSTMENT

1. Return to the DOS prompt, and call SURVEY (A:SURVEY<Enter>[Section 10.3.4]).
2. Using SURVEY, turn on the filter wheel using <F5>. (Pressing <F6> turns the filter
wheel off.)
3. Turn the X-ray beam on using <F1>.
4. The amplitude of the largest pulse displayed on the oscilloscope should be
-7.5 V +0.5 V. If it is not, the gain of the PMT detector must be adjusted by altering the
PMT HV supply voltage. The control potentiometer which does this is on the side of the
PMT HV supply itself, and can be accessed after the C-arm top cover is removed.
Note: Adjustment is required only if the detector or PMT HV supply has been replaced, since
the required -7.5 V value was achieved at the factory. If the detector or PMT HV supply
have not been replaced and the amplitude of the largest pulse is less than -7.0 V, repeat
steps 11-18 in Section 4.5 before adjusting the supply voltage.
5. Turn off the X-ray beam using <F2> and the filter wheel using <F6>, and replace the
arm cover.
6. Exit SURVEY (press <Esc>).
Note: The system's calibration must be verified as described in Section 4.9 whenever the tank
assembly or detector assembly is moved or replaced, or when any other certified
component is repaired or replaced.
4-9
4.7 LASER BEAM ALIGNMENT CHECK/ADJUSTMENT

4.7.1
CHECKING THE ALIGNMENT
The laser beam alignment check and adjustment are done using a pointed metal tool (in this case,
we use a pair of needle-nose pliers).
WARNING: Do not use an object with a reflective surface.
1. Press the Laser button on the Operator Control Panel.
2. Place the needle-nose pliers on the table as pictured in Figure 4-7 so that the laser beam
just touches the pointed tip of the pliers.
FRONT
C-Arm
Left Side
Figure 4-7. Laser Alignment--Placing Tool

3. From the DOS prompt, type MAINMENU<Enter>.
4. Press <P> for biograPhy and <Insert> to Add.
5. Type LASER ALIGNMENT and then press <F10>.
4-10
Scan at least
this amount.
Figure 4-8. Scan of Pliers as Seen on Screen

Note: It is imperative that you do not move the tool during this procedure. If it does move, you
must realign the laser (steps 1 and 2 above).
6. Press <S> for Spine and <P> for Performance Spine and then press <F10>.
7. When the scan of the pliers appears on the screen, press <F3> to stop the scanning.
8. If the blue arrow does not point to the tip, use the <Arrow> keys to position the blue
arrow on the screen to the tip of the pliers (see Figure 4-8).
9. When done, press <Enter> to reposition the arm.
Note: At this point, the laser beam and the blue arrow are at the same point. The laser beam
must be at the tip of the tool. If not, you must adjust the laser beam (Section 4.7.2).
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
4.7.2
Press <Esc> to exit to the scan parameter screen.

Press <Esc><Esc> to exit to the main menu.
Select utility.
Select Emergency Motion.
Press 0 on the keypad (Position Light).
Go to the next section.
ADJUSTING THE LASER BEAM
To adjust the laser beam, you must gain access to the laser diode assembly.
Do the following:
1. Remove the top cover of the C-arm (if not already removed).
2. Referring to Figure 4-9, locate the laser diode assembly.
4-11
Figure 4-9. Locating the Laser Diode

Adjustment Screw (Y-Axis)
Adjustment Screw & Lock

Nut (X-Axis)
Figure 4-10. Laser DiodeSide View from Right

3. Referring to Figure 4-10, adjust the laser beam so that it is at the tip of the pliers.
Note: You must loosen the lock nut to adjust the laser in the X direction. Be sure to tighten
when finished.
4. Repeat the laser check procedure in Section 4.7.1.
5. Replace the top cover onto the C-arm.
4.8 SURVEYING FOR LEAKAGE RADIATION

For regulatory and safety reasons, the Tank Assembly must be checked for radiation leakage at
installation time or whenever the Tank Assembly is replaced.
Theory
Radiation leakage from the Tank Assembly results from a defect in the lead liner of the tank or
its cover. If there is a hole in the lead liner, the resulting leakage manifests in a pencil beam. If
there is a crack in the lead liner, the resulting leakage manifests itself as a fan beam.
4-12

In either case, the initial survey must be taken close to and almost touching the tank with the
survey meter probe. If a leak is found, the meter indicates a spike in the reading. If this occurs,
you must then move the probe one meter (approx. 40) from that spot to determine if the leakage
is within acceptable levels.
The Victoreen 450P has a response time of:
Range
0-4 mR/h
0-40 mR/h
Time
3.3 seconds
4.5 seconds
This procedure explains how to check for leakage radiation around the Tank Assembly:
X-Ray Beam
Belt Cutout
Tank
Aperture
Leakage Test
Tool installed
over aperture.
Figure 4-11. Checking for Tank Assembly Radiation Leakage

4.8.1
INITIAL LEAKAGE SURVEY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Remove the front panel, if installed (Section 6.4.1).

Move the C-arm as far forward as possible.
Place the leakage test tool (099-0566) over the aperture (see Figure 4-11).
Run SURVEY (Section 10.3.4).
Set the survey meter to RATE.
Press <F1> to turn on the X-rays.
Slowly move the meter probe (Victoreen Model 450P or equivalent) about all accessible
surfaces, (see table above for meter response times) to detect any leaks.
8. If a leak is detected (a spike in the reading) measure that point at a one meter (approx.
40) distance from the leak (along the same line from the X-ray source through the leak)
and assure that the reading is 1.0 mR/h or less.
4-13
4.8.2
FINAL LEAKAGE SURVEY
1. Position the survey meter one meter (approx. 40) from the tank and move it all around
the outside.
The reading must be 1.0 mR/h or less.
2. Record the highest reading in the service report.
3. Turn off the X-rays (press <F2>).
4. Replace the front panel.
4.9 MEASURING PATIENT DOSE AND SCATTER

The patient dose is the amount of radiation the patient receives when he or she is scanned.
Scatter is the amount of radiation that bounces off of any material as the X-ray beam goes from
the source to the detector.
Before starting:
Make sure all the panels are on the scanner and the pad is on the table.
You must have an ion chamber radiation meter to measure patient dose and scatter.
WARNING: Do not place your hands or other body parts in the path of the X-ray beam.
4.9.1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
PATIENT DOSE
Place an ion chamber radiation meter in the center of the scan area, positioned so that
the entire meter will be scanned.
Turn the meter on, set it to INTEGRATE, and reset it to zero.
Position the C-arm so that the laser is just to the left of the meter without touching it.
Scan the meter.
To do this, use AP Spine, Performance mode and reset the scan area to length = 9" and
width = 5".
Verify that the entire meter has been scanned. That is, the entire meter can be seen on
the monitor.
Record the meter reading.
This should be between 3.8 and 8.8 mR.

4.9.2
SCATTER
1. Place the spine phantom in the center of the scan area.

2. Center the beam by positioning the C-arm so that the laser is 1-1/2" to the right of the
center.
3. Using SURVEY, turn on the filter wheel (<F5>) and then turn on the X-rays (<F1>).
4-14

4. Using a survey meter (Victoreen 450P or equivalent), measure the radiation at a
distance of 1 meter (approx. 40") in a horizontal arc around the phantom.
Note: Move the meter slowly. Refer to the Victoreen 450P response time table, p. 4-13.
5. Record the highest observed reading.
This should not exceed 0.2 mR.
4.10 VERIFYING CALIBRATION AND RECALIBRATING

This procedure describes how to check the calibration of a QDR 4000 and, if necessary, how to
adjust its calibration constants.
4.10.1 CHECKING THE BONE MINERAL CONTENT (BMC) CALIBRATION

Note: Skip steps 1 and 2 on initial installation.
Note: Do not proceed unless power has been on for at least 60 minutes, and the detector has
stabilized.
1. Using the spine phantom shipped with the machine, run 20 scans as described below. In
place of the patient name, enter "Spine Phantom #XXXX," where XXXX is the serial
number of the fantom.
2. Press <Alt><F1> from the Main Menu to escape to DOS. At the [C:\MENU] prompt
type:
A:AUTOSCAN -TS -N20<Enter> for English units or
A:AUTOSCAN -TS -N20 -L15 -W12<Enter> for metric units
3. When the scans are completed and the DOS prompt appears, type MAINMENU and
press <Enter>. Following the default protocol (or, for existing installations, the protocol
determined in step 1), analyze the 20 scans.
4. Using a calculator or AVRSCAN, find the coefficient of variation (CV) and mean of the
20 scan BMCs. If the CV exceeds 0.6% (0.006), check the filter wheel phasing (as
described in Section 4.1) and the X-ray beam alignment (as described in Section 4.4).
Repeat steps 3-5 before proceeding.
5. Compute 0.6% of the 20-scan mean = (20-scan mean BMC) x (0.006).
6. Verify that the 20-scan mean BMC is within + 0.6% of the BMC value on the phantom
label.
a) If it is, skip to Section 4.10.3.
b) If it is not, check and adjust the filter wheel phasing (Section 4.2) and the X-ray
beam alignment (as described in Section 4.5), then repeat steps 2-6. If the mean
BMC of these new scans is still not within +0.6% of the phantom label value,
adjust the Bone Correction Factor (BCF) as described below.
4-15
4.10.2 CHANGING THE BMC CALIBRATION, IF REQUIRED, BY CHANGING

THE BONE CORRECTION FACTOR (BCF)
Note: At this point, you can run FSCAL (Section 10.3.5) and skip to step 12.
1. Note the system's BCF.
Note: The BCF is listed on every scan.
2. The new BCF =
(Correct BMC) / (Measured BMC) x (Current BCF)
3. Edit the ENVIRON.BAT file (found in the MENU directory) to reflect the new BCF.
4. Reboot the computer. (This should be done anytime the ENVIRON.BAT file has been
changed.
5. Run 10 more spine phantom scans, analyze them and add them to the QC database. Or
run RECALYZE (Section 10.3.2) on the 20 scans which have already been acquired. In
either case, the BMC should now be within 0.6% of the BMC value printed on the
phantom label.
4.10.3 CHECKING THE BONE MINERAL DENSITY (BMD) CALIBRATION

1. Verify that the BMD is within 0.6% of the BMD of the phantom. If it is not, adjust the
Area Correction Factor (ACF) using the same method used above to adjust the BCF.
2. Repeat step 5 in Section 4.10.2 above for Area instead of BMC and verify that the BMD
is within 0.6% of the phantom BMD.
3. Print out a copy of the QC plots for BMC, Area, and BMD, along with ENVIRON.BAT,
SCONFIG.TXT and spine phantom baseline scan and include these in the installation
report.
4.11 CHECKING REPRODUCIBILITY

Reproducibility is the ability of the scanner unit to perform consecutive scans while keeping the
amount of radiation for each scan consistent. Reproducibility is checked by scanning the spine
phantom shipped with the unit 10 consecutive times. You must then plot the results of the High
Air and Low Air measurements for these scans and assure that coefficient of variation for
absolute radiation is less than 4%.
The plot screen does not display the coefficient of variation for absolute radiation directly. You
must use the formula:
coefficient of variation for absolute radiation = standard deviation (SD) x .0028.
So:
If
the Standard Deviation (SD) for both High Air
(HiA) and Low Air (LoA) is less than or equal to
14,
4-16
Then
the coefficient of variation for absolute radiation
is less than 4%.

To do this:
6.
Perform 10 fast spine scans using AUTOSCAN (if not already done in Section 4.10.1).
7.
Analyze the 10 scans (using AUTOCOMP).
8.
Put the results in the QC database (if you have not already done so).
9.
At the Hologic Main Menu, select QC.
10.
Select Database.
11.
Press <Alt><F1>.
12.
At the displayed dialog box, select all parameters (type Y<Enter>).
13.
Select Plot.
14.
Select HiA.
15.
Plot the data for the 10 scans in step 1.
16.
Assure that the SD is 14 or less.
17.
Repeat for LoA by repeating steps 9-11. This result must also be 14 or less.
4-17
Section 5
5. SYSTEM COMPONENTS & LOCATION
5.1 FIELD REPLACEABLE UNITS (FRU)
The following table lists the recommended spare parts and Field Replaceable Units (FRUs) for
the QDR 4000.
5.1.1
SCANNER PARTS
PART NUMBER
010-0127
010-0158
010-0954
010-0955
010-0956
010-0957
010-0962
010-0963
010-0964
010-0972
010-0978
010-0983
010-0985
010-0986
010-0992
020-0115
030-0007-01
030-0109
030-1796
030-1884
030-2358
110-0002
140-0001
140-0092
140-0093
160-0001
180-0391
200-0281
235-0031
DESCRIPTION
LOCATION
R&R1
QDR Main Detector Assembly

Stepper Translator Assembly
Stepper Motor Power Supply Assembly
Low Voltage Power Supply Assembly
Power Switch Panel Assy.
Power Inlet Assy.
X-Drive Lead Screw Assy.
Y-Drive Lead Screw Assy.
Rear Bellows
Control Panel
Universal Tank Assembly
QDR Filter Wheel Assembly
X-Ray Cntrl. Assembly
Laser Diode Assembly
XRC Fan Assembly
Isolation Transformer
Bearing Block
QDR Lexan Table Panel
Bearing Spacer
Knee Block, Cloth-Covered
QDR Table Pad, Cloth-Covered
PMT Power Supply Assembly
A/D Converter Board
X-Ray Controller Board
Signal Distribution Bd.
Line Filter 20 A
Filter Wheel Pickoff Assembly
Coupling Set Screw
Shaft Spacer
Figure 5-6
Figure 5-1
Figure 5-1
Figure 5-1
Figure 5-4
Figure 5-4
Figure 5-3
Figure 5-3
6.11
Figure 5-6
Figure 5-7
Figure 5-7
Figure 5-7
Figure 5-6
Figure 5-7
Figure 5-1
Figure 5-3
Figure 3-15
Figure 5-3
Not Shown
Not Shown
Figure 5-6
Figure 5-6
Figure 5-7
Figure 5-1
Figure 5-1
010-0983
Figure 5-3
Figure 5-3
6.18
6.17
6.8
6.10
6.7
6.6
6.12
3.3.10
6.14
6.13
6.6
6.16
Remove and Replace Procedure
5-1
PART NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
LOCATION
Figure 5-3
Figure 5-3
Figure 5-1
Figure 5-2
Figure 5-1
Figure 5-2
Figure 5-7
Figure 5-3
Figure 5-3
Figure 5-3
Figure 5-3
Figure 5-3
010-0957
320-0003
320-0004
430-0016
465-0001
465-0005
Ball Bearing Assembly.

Ball Bearing Assembly.
Guide Rail Assembly (1240 mm)
Includes Guide Bearings
Guide Rail Assembly (760 mm)
Includes Guide Bearing
Filter Wheel Belt
Lead Screw Coupling
Motor Coupling
Optical Shaft Encoder
Grommet, Blue Isolator
Grommet, Blue Isolator
Circuit Breaker, 15 A (used on
100/120 V systems only)
Circuit Breaker, 7.5 A (used on 230 V
systems only)
QDR Filter Wheel Motor Assembly
Stepper Motor
Varistor, 130 V
Power Switch
Limit Switch
465-0038
485-0043

Lamp, Green LED
250-0001
250-0002
253-0035
253-0038
255-0002
265-0002
265-0007
285-0001
295-0020
295-0041
310-0001
310-0006
5.1.2
Figure 5-7
Figure 5-3
Figure 5-1
010-0956
Figure 5-1
Figure 5-2
010-0972
010-0956
CABLES ASSEMBLIES
PART
NUMBER
180-0006
180-0346
180-0347
180-0349
180-0350
180-0351
180-0352
180-0353
180-0354
180-0355
180-0356
180-0360
5-2
R&R1
LOCATION
DESCRIPTION
From:
To:
PMT A/D
Translator Stepper Drive
28 V Supply AC In
DC Supply AC In
LVP Supply DC Out
Power Switch
Secondary Side Xfmr
Computer/AUX X-Ray
Out
Line Filter
P Side Isolation Xfmr
Emg&Aux Relay Power
T&C Limit Sw
Top of C-Arm, AD_J1

XTranslator&YTranslator
28 V PS
LV Power Supply
LV Power Supply
Power Switch Assembly
Secondary Side Xfmr
Computer/AUX. X-Ray
Outlets
Line Filter
Power Inlet Assembly
DIN Rail
T&C Board
A/D PCB & HV PS

Distribution Bd, P18
DIN Rail
DIN Rail
Distribution Board, P19
DIN Rail
DIN Rail
DIN Rail
DIN Rail
Main Circuit Breaker
Distribution Bd P17
Section 5 System Components & Location
PART
NUMBER
180-0361
180-0362
180-0363
180-0364
180-0365
180-0366
180-0367
180-0368
180-0370
180-0371
180-0372
180-0373
180-0374
180-0375
180-0376
180-0377
180-0378
180-0379
180-0380
180-0383
180-0386
180-0391
180-0394
180-0404
180-0406
LOCATION
DESCRIPTION
From:
To:
Y Motion Direction
X Motion Direction
Motor Drive Speed
T&C Power
T&C Control
Motor Drive Direction
T&C Data
Y Stepper Drive
L/R Switches
A/D Data
X Stepper Drive
Fwd/Back Sw. Mounts
Fwd/Back Switches
X-Ray Controller Signal
X-Ray Cntrl. Pwr (Base)
X-Ray Controller Power
Control Panel Pwr
Emg Stop/Laser Pwr
A/D Power
Int. Computr Ac Power
X Stepper Signals
Filter Wheel P/O
Tank Power And Signal
Filter Wheel Ext.
Encoder Interface
Stepper Motor Control

T&C Board
T&C Board
T&C Board
Y Translator
Left Limit Switch
A/D PCB, P2
X Stepper Motor
Front Limit Sw.
Front/Back Sws, FB_P1
XRC PCB, P5
XRCP_J1
XRC PCB, P2
Panel Control
Emg Stop/Laser, EAL_P1
Top of C-Arm, AD_P1
Computer
X Translator
Filter Wheel P/O Assy
X-Ray Tank Term. Strip
Filter Wheel Assembly
X Motion Encoder

YM_P1 (Y Stepper Motor)
Right Limit Switch
Back Limit Sw.
Distribution Bd, P5
DIN Rail
XRCP_P1
Distribution Bd, P8
Distribution Bd, P7
Distribution Bd, P6
DIN Rail
XRC PCB, P6
XRC PCB, P1, P3, P7
XRC PCB, P4
5-3
5.1.3
COMPUTER PARTS
PART NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
LOCATION
010-0990
Computer Assembly
Figure 5-4
Figure 5-8
Figure 5-8
Figure 5-8
Figure 5-5
Figure 5-8
010-0990
Figure 5-8
010-0990
Figure 5-8
Figure 5-5
010-0990
010-0990
010-0990
010-0990
Figure 5-5
Figure 5-5
Figure 5-5
120-0049
130-0001
140-0025
300-0351
C-PRINTDLX-400
LASERJET-400
5-4
3.5 1.44 MB (Drive A)

PCI SCSI Host Adapter (JAZ Drive)
17 in. Hi Res Monitor
Optical Disk Drive MODS-1 (Internal)
SCSI Interface Board
28.8 Minimum Data/Fax Modem
2 MB Onboard Graphics Subsystem
1 GB Removable Hard Drive (JAZ)
14 in. Hi Res Monitor
3.5 Ide 2 GB Minimum (Drive C)
Timing & Control Board
Video Adapter
Stepper Motor Controller Board
Power Outlet Strip
Color Printer, HP Paintjet
Laser Printer
R&R
6.15
5.2 LOCATING SYSTEM FRUS AND OTHER PARTS

Top View
Y-Drive Assembly
(see Figure 3)
X-Stepper Translator Assy.
(010-0158)
Y-Stepper Translator Assy.
(010-0158)
28V Stepper P.S.
(010-0954)
Guide Rail Assy.
(253-0038)
Y-Drive Limit SW (2x)
(465-0005)
+5/-15V DC P.S.
(010-0955)
Y-Drive Assembly
(see Figure 3)
X-Carriage FRUs
(see Figure 2)
Signal Distribution Board
(140-0093)
Guide Rail Assy.

(253-0035)
Line Filter 20A

(160-0001)
Isolation Transformer
(020-0115)
FRONT
Varistor, 130V (2X)

(430-0016)
Figure 5-1. Base Assembly FRUs
5-5
X-Drive Assy.
(see Figure 3)
FRONT
Limit Switch (2x)

(465-0005)
Guide Rail Assy.
(253-0035)
Guide Rail Assy.

(253-0038)
Figure 5-2. X-Carriage FRUs
Lead Screw Coupling

(265-0002)
See Note 2.
Stepping Motor Assy.

(320-0004)
Blue Grommet,
1/8 (4x)
(295-0020)
Bearing Block (2x)

(030-0007-01)
Bearing Spacer
(2x, 030-1796)
Motor Coupling
(265-0007)
See Note 2.
Ball Bearing Assy. (250-0002)
Lead Screw
Assy.
See Note 1.
Optical Encoder
(285-0001)
Note 1.
X-Drive - 010-0962
Y-Drive - 010-0963
Note 2.
Replace original set
screws with 200-0281
Ball Bearing Assy.

(250-0001)
Figure 5-3. X/Y-Drive FRUs
5-6
Shaft Spacer
(235-0031)
Blue Grommet,
1/16 (2x)
(295-0041)
Power Switch Panel

(010-0956)
Power Inlet Assembly

(010-0957)
Computer Assembly
(010-0990)
Figure 5-4. Front and Left Side FRUs

Printer
Monitor
Keyboard
Power Outlet
(mounted on back)
Mouse
Figure 5-5. Operator Console FRUs
5-7
Main Detector
(010-0127)
Laser Diode
(010-0986
Top View
A/D
Converter
(140-0001)
Control Panel
(010-0972)
PMT Power
Supply Assy.
(110-0002)
FRONT
Right Side View

Figure 5-6. C-Arm FRUs
Filter Wheel Belt
(255-0002)
Filter Wheel
(010-0983)
Fan Assy.
(010-0992)
Filter Wheel
Motor
(320-0003)
Universal Tank Assy.
(010-0978)
X-Ray Ctrl Assy.

(010-0985)
X-Ray Ctrl PCB
(140-0092)
Figure 5-7. Tank Assembly FRUs
5-8

CD ROM Drive
M/O Drive (opt.)
3.5 Floppy Drive
1
JAZ Drive
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
LEGEND
Video Card
JAZ SCSI
Interface Board
Open
Stepper Motor
Controller Board
Timing and
Control Board
Network Card Option Slot
Modem Control Card
1
2
6
5
4
7
Figure 5-8. Computer Assembly and Components
5-9
Section 6
6. REMOVE AND REPLACE PROCEDURES
6.1 POWERING DOWN THE SYSTEM
WARNING: In most cases it is imperative that you power down the system before gaining
access to the inside of the scanner. The scanner (instrument) contains dangerous
voltages, mechanics and heat that may cause serious bodily harm.
Refer to Figure 6-1 and follow these procedures:
1. Make sure that the system is not in use.
Note: It is good practice to ask the operator for permission to shut the system down.
2. Make sure the computer is in DOS at the C:\MENU> prompt by pressing and holding
down <Alt><F1> at the selections menu.
3. Disable the X-rays by turning the X-Ray Enable Key counter-clockwise from 3 oclock
to 12 oclock. The green LED should go off.
4. Remove scanner power by switching the Instrument Power switch to the 0 position.
5. Remove operator console power by switching the Computer Power switch to the 0
position.
6. Remove power to the entire system by setting the Main Circuit Breaker to the 0
position.
7. Remove power from the system by removing the power cord from the facility power
outlet.
Power Switch Panel
X-Ray Enable Key
Switch
Computer Power
Instrument Power
I
t
w
i n
1P
w2
r0
m
- R
C e
P
no
t m
l e
Main Circuit
Breaker (CB1)
Power Source Cord
Main Power Panel
Figure 6-1. System Power Control
6-1
6.2 GAINING ACCESS TO THE INSIDE OF THE

SCANNER
WARNING: Power down the system before performing this procedure (Section 6.1).
You must gain access to the inside of the scanner to perform many of these procedures. You can
do this by:
a) Removing the front panel (Section 6.4.1).
b) Removing the bellows assembly in the back.
Note: You can follow the procedure in Section 6.8.1 completely or you can simply remove the
screws, washers and washer plate from one side (Figure 6-7) and slide the bellows toward
the C-arm.
c) Removing the Lexan panel or the entire table (Section 6.3.1).
d) Any combination of the above.
6.3 THE TABLE

6.3.1
REMOVAL
Eight sets of screws and washers hold the table to the frame. To remove the table, refer to Figure
6-2 and:
1. Remove the table pad (if present).
2. Remove the eight screws and their washers.
3. Remove the table.
6.3.2
REPLACEMENT
To install the table onto the scanner frame:

1. Set the table in place on the frame.
2. Insert the eight fastening screws.
3. Place the table pad on top of the table (if previously removed).
Note: Be sure to replace the Lexan panel if it is not inserted in the table.
6.4 THE FRONT PANEL

6.4.1
REMOVAL
To remove the front panel, face the scanner from the front and:
1. Disengage the front panel screw by turning it turn (Figure 6-2).
6-2
Section 6 Remove & Replace
Table Securing
Hardware (8x)
Table (removed)
Upper Holding
Brackets (2x)
Front Panel
SLIDE LEFT, TILT

OUT then LIFT
Computer
Lower Holding
Brackets (2x)
Front Panel Screw
Figure 6-2. Removing the Table and Front Panel

2. Slide the front panel to the left to disengage the holding brackets.
3. Tilt out and lift the front panel to remove.
4. Remove the ground strap.
6.4.2
REPLACEMENT
To install the front panel onto the scanner unit, refer to Figure 6-2 and:
1. Place the front panel onto the frame via the lower holding clips.
You must tilt the top of the panel forward to align the brackets properly.
2. Reconnect the ground strap.
3. Tilt the top of the front panel so it touches the top of the scanner frame and slide to the
right.
4. Engage the front panel screw turn.
6-3
6.5 THE C-ARM

6.5.1
REMOVAL
For this procedure, refer to
To remove the C-arm, refer to Figure 6-3 and
Figure 6-4 and:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Remove the back cover (4 screws).

Remove the top cover (10 screws).
Disconnect the four cables and the cable clamp (Figure 6-4).
Feed the cables through the hole below the high voltage power supply and then through
the C-arm channel.
Note: Place the cables where they will not get damaged.
5. Remove the mounting stud nuts and washers.
6. Remove the ground strap from the ground lug.
6-4
Top Cover
Cables
Top Mounting Screw (2x)

Brace (2x)
191 2 ! 1/8 in.
Adjusting Screws (4x)
Back Cover
Mounting Stud (2x)

Mounting Screw (2x)
Ground Lug
Lower Carriage
Mounting Stud Nut

and Washer (2x)
Upper Carriage
Figure 6-3. Removing the C-Arm (side view)
6-5
Red Stripe
Operator Panel
Cable
Mate Pin 1
with Red Stripe
Cable Clamp
Ground Strap
Emer. Stop/Laser Cable
Power Cable
A/D Signal Cable
Figure 6-4. Removing the C-Arm (top view)

7. Remove the brace fastening hardware which secures the C-arm to the Upper-Carriage
Assembly.
8. Remove the mounting screws and washers.
9. Lift the C-arm from the Upper-carriage assembly, being careful not to damage the
cables.
6.5.2
REPLACEMENT
1. Remove the back cover (4 screws).
2. Place the C-arm into the X-carriage assembly so that the mounting studs pass through
the mounting holes. Be sure to clear the cables as they pass through the cutout.
Note: Do NOT attach washers and nuts at this time.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Attach the mounting screws and washers.

Fasten the brace to the X-Carriage Assembly.
Fasten the ground strap to the ground lug.
Install the mounting stud nuts and washers.
Remove the top cover (10 screws).
Feed the cables up through the C-arm channel and through the hole below the high
voltage power supply.
9. Connect the four cables and the cable clamp as indicated.
6-6

10. Install the top and back C-arm covers.
Note: You must now level the C-arm. Go to Section 3.3.11.
6.6 THE X-RAY CONTROLLER ASSEMBLY AND THE

X-RAY CONTROLLER BOARD
6.6.1
REMOVAL
CAUTION: The X-Ray Controller Assembly (XRC, Figure 6-5), is static sensitive. All antistatic precautions must be taken before handling the XRC, such as grounded wrist straps and
static mats.
You must gain access to the inside of the scanner (Section 6.2). Refer to Figure 6-5 and:
1. Remove all the cables from the connectors and the ground strap from the XRC.
2. Remove the four XRC fastening screws and washers.
3. Remove the XRC and set aside in a static-free area.
The XRC Board can now be removed from the assembly.
6.6.2
REPLACEMENT
1. Place the XRC assembly onto the tank assembly as pictured in Figure 6-5.
2. Install all securing nuts and screws.
3. Connect all cables and the ground strap. (Figure 9-10).
6.7 THE TANK ASSEMBLY

6.7.1
REMOVAL
1. Remove the front panel (Section 6.4.1).
2. Remove the XRC assembly (Section 6.6.1).
3. Remove the front tank cover (Figure 6-5).
WARNING: The tank assembly weighs approximately 200 lb (90 kg) and you must not
attempt to remove it alone.
6-7

CAUTION: When removing the tank assembly, take care not to damage the X-drive stepper
motor.
Side View of QDR 4000 with Table and C-Arm Removed
XRC Assembly
Front Tank Cover

Tank Assembly
Front Cable
Jacks (5x)
Rear Cable
Jacks (3x)
X-Drive
Step Motor
Tank Anchor
Bolts (4x)
FRONT
Figure 6-5. Removing the Tank Assy.Step I

Front Tank Cover
Removed
MOTION
X-Drive Motor
Clearance
Tank Dolly
Figure 6-6. Removing the Tank Assy.Step II

4.
5.
6.
7.
6-8
Remove the five XRC cables at the front of the assembly.

Disconnect the three cables at the rear of the XRC assembly.
Remove the four screws in the corners of the XRC assembly and remove the XRC.
Remove the four tank assembly anchor bolts and washers located at the lower four
corners.

8. Referring to Figure 6-6, slide the tank assembly forward, tipping the front down to clear
the X-drive motor.
6.7.2
REPLACEMENT
WARNING: The tank assembly weighs approximately 200 lb (90 kg) and you must not
attempt to replace it alone.
CAUTION: When replacing the tank assembly, take care not to damage the X-drive stepper
motor.
1. Position the lower carriage at the center of the Y-drive (left to right).
2. Position the upper carriage so that it is in the center of the scanner.
3. Referring to Figure 6-6, slide the tank assembly through the front chassis taking care to
clear the X-drive stepper motor.
4. Set the tank assembly onto the upper-carriage assembly and position it over the four
mounting holes.
5. Fasten the tank assembly using the four anchor bolts and washers.
6. Place the XRC in position and fasten with the four screws and washers (Figure 6-5).
7. Plug all the cables into the jacks on the XRC in the front and in the back.
8. Replace the front tank cover.
6-9
6.8 THE BELLOWS ASSEMBLY
Top Rail
Support
Bracket
Bellows
Flathead
Screw (2x)
Washer Plate
Bellows Screw &
Washers (4x)
Figure 6-7. Removing the Bellows

6.8.1
REMOVAL
The bellows assembly is located on the back of the scanner and is used to enclose the internal
components.
The bellows assembly consists of:
Corrugated black bellows, one on either side of the tank assembly.
Guide rails, one above and one below the bellows.
Support brackets, one on each side of the tank assembly between the tank and the
bellows.
Securing hardware
To remove the bellows assembly, refer to Figure 6-7 and:

1. Remove the two screws and washers that hold the top rail in place. They are located at
each end.
2. Remove the eight screws and washers, four at each side, that hold the bellows to the
frame.
3. Remove the four flat-head screws that hold the support brackets to the X-carriage
assembly. There are two screws for each bracket.
Note: The support bracket and bellows remain attached for this procedure.
4. Remove the filler panels and bellows intact.
6.8.2
REPLACEMENT
To install the bellows assembly to the back of the scanner, refer to Figure 6-7 and:
6-10

1. Remove the top rail by removing the screws and washers at each end.
2. Attach the bellows to the support bracket if not already done.
3. Attach the bellows to the side of the opening in the rear of the scanner using the washer
plate and securing hardware.
4. Attach the support bracket to the X-carriage assembly using the flat-head screws.
5. Repeat steps 2-4 above to install the remaining bellows.
6. Install the top rail.
6.9 THE FRAME

6.9.1
REMOVAL
To remove the frame, you must first remove:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The table (Section 6.3.1)

The front panel (Section 6.4.1)
The bellows assembly (Section 6.8.1)
The Main Power Panel (Section 6.17.1)
The Power Switch Panel (Section 6.18.1)
The computer cables from the access hole on the left side
Frame Mounting Hardware (4x)

Frame
Base
Assembly
Figure 6-8. Removing the Frame

Then refer to Figure 6-8 and:
1. Removing the five sets of bolts and washers (one in each corner and one near the
computer cable cutout) from the inserts in the lower flanges of the frame.
2. Carefully remove the frame from the lower carriage assembly.
6-11
6.9.2
REPLACEMENT
It is unlikely you will have to replace the frame but you may have to reinstall it after removing it
while installing the scanner.
To reinstall the frame, refer to Figure 6-8 and:
1. Place the frame over the four inserts in the base assembly.
2. Install the mounting hardware.
3. Replace all the hardware and cables listed in the previous section.
6.10 THE CONTROL PANEL

6.10.1 REMOVAL
The Control Panel is located at the front-most end of the C-arm (Figure 6-9). To remove it:
1.
2.
3.
4.
6-12
Remove connections A from pins 11 and 12 on the Emergency Stop Switch.

Remove connection H.
Remove the four Control Panel Fastening Screws and the ground strap (not shown).
Pull the Control Panel forward to remove.

Control Panel
Emer. Stop Sw.
Control Panel
Fastening
Screws (4x)
H (pin 1 to red stripe)
Laser Diode Assy.
Main Detector
Mounting Block
B
C
Main Detector
Assy.
A/D Converter
F
PMT Power
Supply Assy.
Figure 6-9. C-Arm Components

6.10.2 REPLACEMENT
To replace the Control Panel, refer to Figure 6-9 and:
1. Fit the Control Panel onto the C-arm as pictured.
2. Fasten with the four Control Panel Fastening Screws and washers at each of the four
corners.
3. Make connection H.
4. Make connection A by placing one of the two connectors onto pin 11 and the other onto
pin 12. You can connect either wire to either pin.
5. Reconnect the ground strap (not shown).
6-13
6.11 THE MAIN DETECTOR

6.11.1 REMOVAL
1. Remove connections G, and D.
2. Release the cable clamp (I).
The Main Detector Mounting Block is secured by a screw accessible from beneath the
C-arm.
3. Remove this screw and washer and remove the mounting block.
Note: The mounting bracket and the detector are inseparable and must be removed together.
(There may be one more connector not shown in Figure 6-9.)
6.11.2 REPLACEMENT
Make sure that the main detector, the mounting bracket and mounting screw are assembled.
Locate the position of the main detector in the C-arm (refer to Figure 6-9) and:
1. Set the main detector in place so that the mounting screw passes through the mounting
hole in the C-arm.
2. Secure using the nut and washer fasteners.
3. Make connections G, and D. (There may be one more connector not shown in Figure
6-9.)
Note: After replacing the Main Detector, you must do the Main Detector Alignment
(Section 4.5).
6.12 THE LASER DIODE ASSEMBLY

6.12.1 REMOVAL
Locate the laser diode assembly in Figure 6-9. A detail of the diode assembly is pictured in
Figure 6-10. To remove the laser diode assembly:
1.
2.
3.
4.
6-14
Remove the connectors at pins 11 and 12 on the Emergency Stop Switch.

Remove Connector C.
Remove the Clamp Nut and Washer.
Remove the Laser Diode Assembly.
12 11
Emergency
Stop Switch
Connection C.
Clamp Nut
& Washer
Figure 6-10. Laser Diode Assembly

6.12.2 REPLACEMENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
Place the Laser Diode Assembly into its proper position in the C-arm (Figure 6-9).
Secure the Laser Diode Assembly using the Clamp Nut and Washer.
Make Connection C.
Make the connections to pins 11 and 12 on the Emergency Stop Switch.
Note: After you replace the Laser Diode Assembly, you must perform the Laser Diode
Alignment (Section 4.7).
6.13 THE A/D CONVERTER ASSEMBLY

6.13.1 REMOVAL
Locate the A/D Converter Assembly in Figure 6-9 and:
1. Remove connections D, E and F.
2. Remove the four mounting screws and washers and remove the A/D Converter
Assembly.
6.13.2 REPLACEMENT
Locate the A/D Converter Assembly in Figure 6-9 and:
1. Place the A/D Converter Assembly in its proper place in the top on the C-arm.
6-15

2. Insert the four mounting screws and washers to secure the A/D Converter Assembly.
3. Make connections D, E and F.
6.14 THE PMT POWER SUPPLY ASSEMBLY

6.14.1 REMOVAL
Locate the PMT Power Supply Assembly in Figure 6-9 and:
1. Disconnect clamp I and connection J.
2. Remove three mounting screws and washers and remove the PMT Power Supply.
6.14.2 REPLACEMENT
Locate the PMT Power Supply Assembly in Figure 6-9 and:
1. Set the PMT Power Supply into its proper position and secure with three mounting
screws and washers.
2. Make connection J.
Note: There may be one more connection that is not shown.
6.15 THE COMPUTER

6.15.1 REMOVAL
Refer to Figure 6-2 to locate the computer.
To clear the computer area for better access after getting inside, you can slide the X-carriage
assembly to the right by pushing it by hand.
CAUTION: Do not move the carriage assemblies faster than one inch per second in order to
protect the stepper motor translators.
After gaining access to the inside of the scanner:
1. Loosen the computer hold-down bracket by backing off the screws and washers
fastening it to the scanner base and slide it to the right.
2. Slide the computer to the front about 10 in.
3. Remove all the cables in the back of the computer that go through the access hole on the
left side of the scanner to the operator console (the mouse, keyboard, printer, etc.).
4. Locate the Signal Distribution Board (Figure 5-1 and Figure 9-4) in the base or the
scanner.
6-16

5. Disconnect the following cables from the Signal Distribution Board:
J1, J9, J10, J11, J13, J14, J15, J16
6. Slide the computer forward and remove.
6.15.2 REPLACEMENT
Before installing the computer, make sure that it is configured properly, that is, control boards
properly installed and addressed; internal peripherals installed; etc. If any internal changes need
to be done to the computer components, you must remove the computer first. (See Section 9 for
board configuration data.)
Refer to Figure 6-2 to find the computer location. You must gain access to inside of the scanner.
Do this by:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Removing the front panel (Section 6.4.1)

Removing the bellows assembly (Section 6.8.1) in the back on the computer side
Removing the Lexan panel or the entire table (Section 6.3.1)
Any combination of the above.
To clear the computer area for better access after getting inside, you can slide the X-carriage
assembly (Figure 5-1) to the right by pushing it by hand.
CAUTION: Do not move the carriage assemblies faster than one inch per second in order to
protect the stepper motor translators.
Then:
1. Slide the computer into its place under the hold-down bracket but leave room in the
back to install the cables.
2. Install the cables coming from the Timing & Control Board and the Stepper Motor
Board into the Signal Distribution Board (Figure 5-1 and Figure 9-4) as follows:
J1, J9, J10, J11, J13, J14, J15, J16
3. Install all the cables into the back of the computer that go through the access hole on the
left side of the scanner to the operator console (the mouse, keyboard, printer, etc.).
4. Slide the computer back and to the left and secure with the hold-down bracket.
Note: The distance from the front of the computer to the front of the frame should be 5/8.
5. Reassemble the scanner.
6.16 THE AC LINE FILTER

6.16.1 REMOVAL
6-17

The AC line filter is located under the computer pedestal which is located under the computer.
To remove the AC line filter:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Remove the computer (Section 6.15.1)

Remove the computer and the hold down bracket.
Remove the wires connected to the AC line filter.
Remove the AC line filter fastening screws.
Remove the AC line filter.
6.16.2 REPLACEMENT
To replace the AC line filter:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Place the AC line filter into its place in the base of the scanner .
Attach the proper wires.
Install the computer pedestal.
Install the computer (Section 6.15.2).
6.17 THE MAIN POWER PANEL

The Main Power Panel can be located by referring to Figure 6-1.
6.17.1 REMOVAL
To remove the Main Power Panel:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Remove the external power chord connected to the Main Power Panel.
Remove the four (4) lock nuts holding the Main Power Panel to the frame.
Remove the Main Power Panel.
Remove all the wire connections.
6.17.2 REPLACEMENT
To replace the Main Power Panel:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
6-18
Remove the front panel (Section 6.4.1).

Set the Main Power Panel in its place in the frame.
Secure with four lock nuts.
Make all the internal electrical connections necessary.
Install the external power cords.
Install the front panel.
6.18 THE POWER SWITCH PANEL

The Power Switch Panel can be located by referring to Figure 6-1.
6.18.1 REMOVAL
To remove the Power Switch Panel:
1. Remove the front panel (Section 6.4.1).
2. Remove the four (4) lock nuts holding the Power Switch Panel to the frame.
3. Slide the Power Switch Panel back along the threaded studs toward the center of the
scanner until it becomes free.
4. Remove all the wire connections.
6.18.2 REPLACEMENT
To replace the Power Switch Panel:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Remove the front panel (Section 6.4.1).

Set the Power Switch Panel in its place in the frame.
Secure with four lock nuts.
Make all the internal electrical connections necessary.
Install the front panel.
6-19
Section 7
7. FAULT ISOLATION
If an error message appears, refer to Section 11 for an explanation of the message and its possible
cause.
Tabulated below are the symptoms, possible causes and recommended solutions of the problems
you may have with the QDR 4000. The problems are divided into six categories (Scanning/XRay Generation, Precision, Motion, Noise, Data Storage & Retrieval and Miscellaneous. Possible
causes are listed in order of decreasing probability. For any given symptom, investigate potential
causes in the order listed.
7.1 PROBLEMS IN THE SCANNER UNIT

7.1.1
SCANNING/X-RAY GENERATION PROBLEMS
Symptoms
Possible Causes
Recommended Action
Go To
realign source/detector
replace the tank
repair/replace cables
3.3.11, 4.4
6.7
5.1.2
5.1.2
scans are noisy

or grainy
misaligned source/detector
oil in precollimator cup
bad A/D-to-T&C cables
bad T&C-to-X-Ray Controller
cables
bad Distribution Board
low PMT supply voltage
bad A/D board
bad X-ray controller board
filter wheel phase error
loose filter wheel segment
bad detector
bad HVPS/Source
replace board
adjust or replace supply
replace board
replace board
adjust filter wheel phasing
replace filter wheel assy.
replace detector
replace tank assembly
Figure 5-1
4.6
6.13
6.6
4.2
Scans have
wavy edges
("French fries")
or lines
Scans have
spots or streaks
loose X or Y-axis ball nut

hardware
filter wheel phase error
loose or defective filter wheel
belt
wrong filter wheel belt tension
bad Stepper Motor Controller
board
bad Timing & Control board
adjust belt tension

replace board
4.2
Figure 5-7,
4.2
4.2
Figure 5-8
replace board
Figure 5-8
bad A/D to T&C cables

bad cables to tank assembly
bad A/D board
replace board
replace board
5.1.2
Figure 5-1
5.1.2
6.13
replace board
6.6
tighten, run BACKLASH

program
adjust filter wheel phasing
tighten or replace belt
6.11
6.7
Page 10-7
7-1

no display
(white screen),
bad T&C to X-ray controller

cables
5.1.2
blown X-Ray Controller board

fuse
bad T&C-to- tank assembly
cables
bad HVPS/Source
replace fuse
Figure 4-1
no X-rays, no"Xrays On" light on

control panel
5.1.2
6.7
no display of any
kind on monitor
loose or defective monitor cable

defective monitor
defective display board
tighten/repair/replace cable
replace monitor
replace board
5.1.3
5.1.3
5.1.3
display jumps on
monitor
defective monitor
defective display board
replace monitor
replace board
5.1.3
5.1.3
monitor display
is dim
failing CRT or monitor power

supply
increase brightness or
replace monitor
5.1.3
desired area is
not fully scanned
operator error
laser misaligned
retry
adjust laser
7.1.2
6.12
PRECISION PROBLEMS
Symptoms
Possible Causes
Recommended
Action
Go To
display has
spots
bad A/D-to-T&C cables

low PMT supply voltage
bad detector
bad A/D board
bad X-ray tube
adjust or replace supply
replace board
replace detector
replace board
replace board
5.1.2
4.6
Figure 5-1
6.11
6.13
6.6
6.7
phantom BMD
drift or shift
misaligned source/detector
oil in precollimator cup
bad detector
align source/detector
replace detector
4.5
6.7
6.11
7.1.3
MOTION PROBLEMS
Note: First differentiate between mechanical and electrical carriage motion/leadscrew problems
by turning the leadscrew by hand (during Main Menu display, not while in Utility Local).
If it turns freely, the problem may be electrical. If it turns very stiffly or not at all, the
problem is probably mechanical.
At the same time, check for axial play in leadscrew--there should be none.
7-2
Section 7 Fault Isolation

Symptoms
Possible Causes
Recommended Action
Go To
emergency STOP switch

pressed in
pull STOP switch out
Figure 2-1
key switch is in OFF position
turn key to ON
Figure 6-1
bad distribution board-totranslator cable
repair/replace cable
5.1.2
bad Stepper Motor Controller

board
replace board
Figure 5-8
bad stepper translator
replace translator
Figure 5-1
bad stepper motor
replace motor
Figure 5-1
Figure 5-2
bad translator-to-motor cable
5.1.2
bad Timing & Control board
replace board
Figure 5-8
disconnected ball nut bracket
reconnect bracket
Figure 5-3
bad leadscrew bearings
replace bearings
Figure 5-3
loose motor/leadscrew coupler
tighten setscrews
Figure 5-3
Electrical
no axis motion
occurs when
expected, or the
machine stalls
Mechanical
Note: Insert the Calibration Utilities disk (099-0560) into the floppy drive.
Note: Differentiate between mechanical and electrical causes of the "No Motion Detected While
X-rays ON" message by going to DOS, typing A:MOTION OFF<Enter>, rebooting and
running a scan. If the scan runs successfully, the error message source is probably
electrical. If the machine seizes up, the problem is probably mechanical.
WARNING: After making this determination, return to DOS, type
A:MOTION ON<Enter> and reboot to restore normal operation. In the
MOTION OFF state, the machine will ignore motion failure, thus putting the
patient at risk if motion failure occurs during a scan!
7-3
Symptoms
Recommended Action
motion starts, then stops,

"No Motion Detected While
X-rays ON" error message is
displayed
see "No Motion Detected While X-rays ON" in

Section 11, ERROR MESSAGES
7.1.4
NOISE PROBLEMS (ACOUSTIC)
Symptoms
noisy X- or
Y- axis motion
noisy Y-axis
motion
noisy filter
wheel
noisy fans
7.1.5
Possible Causes
Recommended Action
Go To
loose or misaligned ball nut

bracket
bad leadscrew bearings
dry rails
dry leadscrews
bad leadscrew or ball nut
tighten and/or realign

bracket
replace bearings
lubricate rails
lubricate leadscrews
replace leadscrew/ball nut
assy.
bellows binding
adjust bellows
worn filter wheel bearings
Figure 5-7
wrong belt tension

belt rubbing on pulley sheaves
replace filter wheel

assembly
adjust belt tension
raise/lower pulley on shaft
foreign matter in fan

bad fan
clean fan
replace fan
Figure 5-7
Possible Causes
Recommended Action
Go To
closed shutter
bad
open shutter
replace laser
weak laser
clean with soft cloth
bad laser cable

leaking tank gaskets
tighten tank gasket screws
4.2
Figure 5-7
MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS
Symptoms
no laser spot
visible
oil on floor near

tank
6.12
see
Caution
below
9.10
Note: If an error message appears, refer to Section 11 for an explanation of the message and its
possible cause.
CAUTION: If cleaning laser aperture, do not look into the beam. Turn off laser before
inspecting.
7-4
7.2 COMPUTER AND COMPUTER PERIPHERAL

PROBLEMS
7.2.1
PROBLEMS BOOTING THE COMPUTER
Symptoms
Possible Causes
Recommended Action
cant boot
corrupted hard drive boot

sector
loose hard drive controller
board
bad hard drive
bad computer
boot from floppy disk and

rebuild the hard drive
reseat board
7.2.2
replace drive
replace computer
Go To
6.15
DATA STORAGE & RETRIEVAL PROBLEMS
Symptoms
Possible Causes
Recommended Action
intermittent
problems
loose boards in computer
reseat boards
bad floppy disk (media)
reload, run setup program
cant format
cant archive to
floppy disk
cant archeive
to JAZ drive
can't mount
optical disk
cartridge
can't archive to
optical disk
can't locate files

on optical disk
erratic date and
time
Go To
bad floppy disk drive

bad floppy disk (media)
insert new 1.2 MB 2 HD

floppy disk
bad floppy disk drive
replace drive
bad JAZ cartridge
replace cartridge
bad JAZ drive
replace drive
cartridge not fully inserted
reinsert cartridge
bad cartridge
replace cartridge
bad optical disk controller

board
replace board
bad optical disk drive
replace drive
cartridge is write protected
write-enable cartridge
cartridge is full
insert a new cartridge
bad cartridge
send to Hologic for data

recovery
bad optical disk controller

board
replace board
bad optical disk drive
replace drive
weak computer clock battery
replace battery
7-5
Symptoms
Possible Causes
Recommended Action
unable to view
scan
bad sector on hard drive
repair with Norton Disk

Doctor and Norton Speed
Disk
unable to view
scan graphics
(text OK)
bad display board
replace board
7.2.3
Go To
GETTING TROUBLESHOOTING HELP
When the computer boots at power-up or reset, Windows 95 (or later) scans the memory and
peripherals and performs a cursory check on them. If there is a problem, the monitor displays the
device causing the error. If the computer finds a faulty device, here are some things you can do to
find and correct the problem:
3 Double-click on
Troubleshooting
1 Click on
2 Click on
Start
4 Select desired
Help
topic.
Figure 7-1. Getting Computer Troubleshooting Help

You can find information if you have trouble:
printing
starting Windows
running MS-DOS programs
using the network
using your modem
using Dial-Up
Networking
using Direct Cable

Connection
using a PC
card(PCMCIA)
You can also find information if you:
7-6
7.2.4
need more disk space
run out of memory
have a hardware conflict
TROUBLESHOOTING BOOT PROBLEMS
If you can not boot the computer, that is Windows does not appear on the monitor, you can boot
in a restricted mode by doing the following:
1. Boot the computer
Windows displays the following:
Starting Windows 95. . .
2. While this message is displayed on the screen, press <F8>.
3. From the menu displayed, select the boot mode desired by highlighting using the
<Arrows> or typing in the corresponding number and pressing <Enter>.
Windows allows you to boot in eight different modes in order to isolate problems. The following
table describes the different modes:
No.
1
2
Command
Normal
Logged (\BOOTLOG.TXT)
Safe mode
Safe mode with network support
Step-by-step confirmation
Command prompt only
Safe mode command prompt only
Previous version of MS-DOS
Function
Normal boot
Normal boot but creates a log file called bootlog.txt
located in the root directory (C:\) on the C drive. This
file contains information about which files loaded
correctly.
Starts Windows using a basic configuration. The
system may not operate as usual but you can make
changes and reboot.
Starts Windows using a basic configuration but
includes network capabilities.
Starts the computer normally but prompts you at
every step before continuing.
Boots as normal but does not bring up Windows. You
can start Windows by typing C:\WIN<Enter>.
Starts the computer with a basic configuration and
does not start Windows.
Starts MS-DOS using files that were backed up
during Windows Setup. The version of MS-DOS
depends on what version you were running before
the current version of Windows was installed.
7.3 WINDOWS NOTES

The Hologic System software runs under Windows 95 (or later). This section gives a brief
summary of the features of Windows 95, how to use the mouse, where to find help and how to
start an application.
7-7
7.3.1
WORKING WITH WINDOWS

Button
The Buttons
Definition
Cascade or view
layered windows
Minimize window
and place in taskbar
Maximize size of
window
Exit and close
window
The Window
7.3.2
USING THE MOUSE
Abcd ef ghi jklm.

Text Field
Cursor
Text Cursor
Left Mouse
Button
7.3.3
The Mouse - When directed

to select (or click on) a
button or field, move the
mouse until the cursor
overlays the object and
press the left mouse button.
When selecting a text field,
the text cursor appears
within the text. Use the
keyboard to edit the text.
SELECTING PROGRAMS AND APPLICATIONS
The following shows several ways to select an item in a window:
1 Double click on the desired item

using the left mouse button.
2 Select the item with one click of the mouse

button.
Select File in the menu bar using the left
mouse button.
Select Open using the left mouse button.
3 Select the item using the left mouse button.

Press <Alt>F then <Alt>O.
4 Select the item using the left mouse button.

Press <Return>.
7-8

7.3.4
GETTING WINDOWS HELP
You can find general information on Windows 95 by:
1 Select Start
2 Select Help
3 Use the Help Topics

window to find your
information
7.3.5
GETTING MORE INFORMATION
You can find more information in the following locations:

If you have
Read the file
trouble setting up windows
C:\WINDOWS\Setup.txt
other trouble
C:\WINDOWS\Readme.txt
7.3.6
GETTING HELP WITH AN APPLICATION
To get help with a selected application:
1 Select Help
2 Select Help Topics
Note: You can also
press <F1>.
The following screen appears:
7-9
Select the help facility you are looking for from this window.
7.3.7
GETTING HELP IN A DIALOG BOX
If a dialog box appears, you can get help on any field or tab by doing the following:
1 Click on the Help button.
2 Move the Help Cursor to

the part of the dialog box
that you need information
about. (In this case, the
preview screen).
3 After Clicking the right

mouse button, a pop-up
box appears with
information on the
selected item.
7.4 TESTING COMPUTER PERIPHERALS

7.4.1
THE COMPUTER PERIPHERALS
The computer peripherals consist of:

External
1.
2.
3.
4.
the printer
the monitor
the keyboard
the mouse
Internal
1. the floppy drive
2. the C-drive
7-10

3. the CD-ROM
4. the magneto-optical drive (if installed)
5. the JAZ drive (if installed)
You can perform a few simple checks on these peripherals using Windows.
7.4.2
THE COMPUTER AT A GLANCE
To do a quick check on the various peripherals on the computer:

1. Make sure you are in the Windows operating system.
Note: If you are at the Hologic main menu, press <Alt><F1>, then type EXPLORER<Enter>.
2. Minimize all the open windows on the screen by clicking on the
right-hand corner of the window (if present).
3. Double click on
button in the upper
(Explorer).
The following window appears:
Floppy Drive
Hard Drive
JAZ or M/O Drive
CD-ROM
You should see all the drives currently on the computer. If not, there is a problem.
4. Double click on Printers.
7-11
Printer currently
installed on the
computer.
You should see all the printers (usually just one) currently on the computer. If not, there is a
problem.
Checking the Disks
1. At the Windows Desktop, press <Alt><F1> to go to the DOS prompt.
2. At the DOS prompt, type CD ..<Enter> to go to the root directory.
3. Then type SCANDISK<Enter>.
SCANDISK is a Windows utility that scans the disk for proper directory structure, lost files, disk
errors, etc. You can run SCANDISK on the three disks listed in the dialog box above.
4. Insert a scratch disk into the floppy drive or into the removable disk (magnetooptical or JAZ, if installed) and press Start. This gives you a confidence check on the
selected disk.
Note: When you boot the computer, Windows scans the C-drive according to the Hologic
startup file installed in the QDR 4000. So you may want to limit disk scanning to the
removable drives and leave the C-drive for the automatic scan. If the C-drive had a
problem, you would not be at this point anyway.
Returning to the Hologic Main Menu
If you are in Windows, to get to the Hologic Main Menu, the best way is to reboot the computer.
This way, all the system parameters are set up properly.
7-12
Section 8
8. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
8.1 CUSTOMER PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
In the QDR 4000 Users Guide, Hologic requires the customer to run a daily scan of the spine
phantom supplied with the QDR 4000, add that scan to the QC database, and to apprise Hologic
Field Service if the CV of the database exceeds 0.5%. Other than daily cleaning of the unit, no
other regular maintenance activity by the customer is required or recommended.
8.2 RECOMMENDED FIELD SERVICE PREVENTIVE

MAINTENANCE
Hologic strongly recommends that the following procedures be performed by trained service
personnel at least once per year, and preferably at six-month intervals:
Note: Archive all databases and all scans before proceeding.
1. Copy AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files onto the floppy disks kept by the
service person.
2. Scan and analyze the spine phantom, and examine report for abnormalities.
3. Check filter wheel phasing as described in SECTION 4.2.
4. Check beam alignment and detector sensitivity as described in Section 4.5.
5. Run DEFRAG.EXE (C:\DEFRAG<Enter>).
6. Run SCANDISK.EXE (C:\SCANDISK<Enter>).
7. Run ONDISK from the DOS [C:\MENU] prompt (if SCANDISK is not available).
8. Run 20 spine scans and verify calibration as described in Section 4.10.
9. Measure scatter, leakage and patient dose as described in Sections 4.8 & 4.9.
10. Check for reproducability as described in Section 4.11.
11. Verify, during a scan, that pressing in the red STOP switch immediately stops all
carriage motion and causes X-ray production (as monitored by a radiation meter) to
cease immediately.
12. Verify, during a scan, that turning the X-RAY ENABLE keyswitch to OFF immediately
stops all carriage motion and immediately causes X-ray production to cease.
13. Verify visually that all panel grounds are connected.
14. Check X-ray tube voltages and current as described in Section 4.3.
15. Check output voltages of low-voltage (+15 VDC, 5 VDC), stepper motor (28 VDC).
16. Clean cabinet interior.
17. Clean the computer fan.
18. Clean leadscrews by wiping with clean cloth. DO NOT use cleaner or oil.
19. Clean rails by wiping with clean cloth. DO NOT use cleaner or oil.
20. Inject recommended grease into grease fittings on rail sliders
21. Clean all exterior metal and Lexan surfaces.
CAUTION: Do not use cleaners containing ammonia on Lexan.
22. Clean monitor screen, keyboard and printer.
8-1
Section 9
9. COMPONENT SUMMARY INFORMATION
9.1 SCSI INTERFACE BOARD
This board is required only if a JAZ drive option is present.
To function properly, the board's EPROM (in position U4) must be removed, and all jumpers
(W1 through W5) must be removed as well.
The SCSI board is not field-repairable.
9.2 TIMING & CONTROL BOARD

E2
E1
40
20
40
38
18
38
SW1
E3
JP4
E4
SW2
SW3
ASP2
Figure 9-1. Timing & Control Board

Switch Settings
SW1
1
2
3
4
Closed
Closed
Open
Open
SW2
1
2
3
4
Closed
Closed
Closed
Open
SW3
1
2
3
4
Closed
Closed
Closed
Closed
Power and Jumpers

ASP2
Ext. Rtn.
2
3
4
Ext. 5 VDC
Line Rtn.
Line
JP4
1-4
9.3 MAIN DETECTOR ASSEMBLY

The Main Detector Assembly (Figure 5-6) is not field repairable.
WARNING: Be careful when working around the detector, as it operates with a supply voltage
of approximately -700 VDC, which is present whenever breaker CB1 is on (even
though the Keyswitch and Instrument Power Switch are off).
9-1
9.4 LASER ASSEMBLY

The pointing laser is a solid-state Class II unit with a power output of less than 1.0 mW. It is not
field-repairable.
9.5 DETECTOR PMT HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY

WARNING: The detector PMT power supply is a DC/DC converter, accepting +15 VDC at
its input and producing an output of up to -1 kV. The output voltage is adjustable, and is
set (to approximately 500 VDC) in accordance with the procedure outlined in Section
4.6.
Note: The PMT HVPS is not field-repairable.
9.6 STEPPER MOTOR CONTROLLER BOARD

The Stepper Motor Board is located in the computer (see Figure 5-8).
J1
40
21
U20
1
40
1
20
15 16
16 15
21
U21
J2
2
15 16
J3
20
1
2
J4
2
1
SW4
SW3
SW2
SW1
15 16
15 16
Figure 9-2. Hologic Stepper Motor Controller Board

Switch Settings
SW1
1
2
3
4
Closed
Closed
Closed
Closed
SW2
1
2
3
4
Closed
Closed
Open
Open
SW3
1
2
3
4
Closed
Closed
Closed
Closed
SW4
9.7 STEPPER MOTOR

Connectors
J1
9-2
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
Signal
XSM1
NC
XSM3
XSM4
NC
XSM6
1
2
3
4
Closed
Closed
Closed
Closed
Section 9 Component Summary Information
9.8 STEPPER TRANSLATORS

The Stepper Translators are located in the base assembly (see Figure 5-1).
T S 1
T S 2
7
1
Figure 9-3. Stepper Translator

TS1
Connection
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
X Translator
To D2
To D1
X COM
NC
X AWO
NC
X DIR
X PULSE
To
*
*
*
*
Y Translator
To D2
To D1
Y COM
NC
Y AWO
NC
Y DIR
Y PULSE
To
*
*
*
*
* Distribution board
TS2
Connection
1
M1
M2
P1
M3
M4
P2
X Translator
NC
XSM1
XSM2
+28 VDC
XSM3
XSM4
28 V RET
To
*
*
P.S.
*
*
P.S.
Y Translator
NC
YSM1
YSM2
+28 VDC
YSM3
YSM4
28 V RET
To
**
**
P.S.
**
**
P.S.
X-Stepper Motor ** Y-Stepper Motor
9-3
9.9 SIGNAL DISTRIBUTION BOARD

Y Counter
A/D Power
Laser Pwr. &

Emg. Stop
Line
J4
J5
J6
J7
J10
J15
X-Ray Cntrl, Filt

Wheel &
Pickoff sigs.
Power Supply
(15VDC, +5VDC,
timing pulse input)
J16
J17
J18
Emg & Aux

Relay Pwr.
Stepper
Translator
Controls
J19
J20
J24
Motor Controller
(Y motion count)
Motor Controller
(X motion count)
J14
A/D Signals
Front Panel
Timing & Control

(limit switches)
J22
Motor Controller
(X&Y motor direction)
Timing & Control

(A/D signals)
J11
J12
J8
Timing & Control

(X-ray cntrl., emg. & filt. Wheel sigs.)
J9
Motor Controller
(X&Y motor speed)
F/B Limit
Switch
J2
J1
J13
L/R Limits
X-Ray Controller Inputs
Timming & Control

(+5VDC & timing
pules output)
J21
X-Motor
X-Motor
Power (In) Power (Out)
Figure 9-4. Signal Distribution Board
9.10 TANK ASSEMBLY

WARNING: This sealed assembly contains the X-ray tube, high-voltage transformer and other
circuitry needed to generate alternating 70 kVp and 140 kVp X-ray pulses. The
unit is oil-filled, weighs approximately 200 lb (90.9 kg), contains potentially lethal
voltages internally, and is absolutely not field-repairable. Externally mounted
components (filter wheel, filter wheel motor, filter wheel pickoff, collimator
selector assembly, etc.) are field-repairable, however. However, the fastening
screws may be checked and tightened if minor oil leaks are apparent.
If the tank assembly is replaced, the beam alignment must be checked and adjusted as described
in Section 4.1, and the system recalibrated as described in Section 4.8.
9-4

Table 9-1.Tank Terminal Signals
Terminal Strip
TS 1
TS 2
TS 3
TS 4
TS 5
TS 6
TS 7
TS 8
Ground Stud
Signal Name
Description
PRIMARY+
PRIMARY
FILCS
FILAMENT_NEUTRAL
FILAMENT_LINE
FILCS+
HV_SENS_
HV_SENS_+
Safety Ground
High-Voltage Transformer Primary

High-Voltage Transformer Primary Return
Current Sense Return
Filament Transformer Primary Return
Filament Transformer Primary
Current Sense
High-Voltage Sense Return
High-Voltage Sense
Tank Enclosure & High-Voltage
Transformer Secondary Center-tap Ground
Table 9-2. Tank Torque Specifications

Location
Torque Specifications
Set wrench to
Lexan Cup
10-12 in-lb
11 in-lb
Bladder Gasket
10-12 in-lb
11 in-lb
Transformer Seal
70 in-lb
70 in-lb
Tank Cover Gasket
36-40 in-lb
38 in-lb
9.10.1 TANK TOP COMPONENTS AND SCREW LOCATION

The following figure shows the Tank Top and the locations of the seals:
Lexan Cup
Bladder Gasket
Tank Cover
Gasket
Xformer (hidden)
Seal
Front
Figure 9-5. Tank Assembly (top view, covers removed)
9-5
9.10.2 LEXAN CUP TIGHTENING SEQUENCE

Tighten the Lexan Cup seals in the following order using the torque settings in the above table:
1
3
2
Figure 9-6. Lexan Cup
9.10.3 TANK BLADDER GASKET TIGHTENING SEQUENCE
Using the torque settings in the table above and referring to the figure below, tighten the Bladder
Gasket screws as follows:
1. Tighten screw #1, then #2, then #3, then #4.
2. From the screw after #4, tighten every other screw in a clockwise direction, returning back to
#4.
3. In a clockwise direction, tighten all the remaining screws.
Figure 9-7. Bladder Gasket

9.10.4 TRANSFORMER SEAL TIGHTENING SEQUENCE
Tighten the Transformer Seal screws using the torque settings in the table above and the
sequence in the figure below.
9-6
Figure 9-8. Transformer

9.10.5 TANK COVER GASKET TIGHTENING SEQUENCE
Refer to the figure below and the torque settings in the table above and do the following to
tighten the Tank Cover Gasket screws:
1. Tighten screws #1 through #6 in the sequence as indicated.
2. Starting at the screw next to screw #6, move in a clockwise direction and tighten every other
screw.
3. Repeat this pattern in a clockwise direction and tighten all remaining screws.
FRONT
MOST CRITICAL
Figure 9-9. Tank Cover Gasket

Note: The 3 Tank Cover Gasket screws at the rear of the tank and shown above are the most
critical screw locations for oil leaks. Always check these screws if a leak is suspected.
9-7

Important: Do not remove screws located on the tank. Under normal conditions, there is no
reason to loosen or remove any screws on the tank.
9.11 X-RAY CONTROLLER BOARD (XRC)
L1
J2
F1
TP2
F2
J1
L2
C12
TP12
TP1
J8
C18
TP3
J4
TP4
PTC1
TP11
J6
R38
D17
J5
R39
TP5
TP6
D20
J7
TP7
TP8
D23
PTC2
D24
D29
D30
TP9
J3
TP10
D33
Figure 9-10. X-Ray Controller Board

LEDS
D17
D20
D23
D24
D29
D30
D33
Warm Up
+5 V OK
Trim Enable
X-Ray Enabled 1
X-Ray Enabled 2
Zero Cross
+12 V OK
FUSES
F1
F2
R38
TP1
TP2
TP3
TP4
TP5
TP6
XRC Line 1
XRC Line 2
HVRef+340 VDC Return
+340 VDC
Prim +
Prim H/V Sense H/V Sense +
POTENTIOMETERS
TEST POINTS
9-8
JACKS
J1
J2
J3
J4
J5
J6
J7
J8
To X-ray tank
XRC Line Input
Filament AC
Filter Wheel AC
{Many Signals}
Filter Wheel Pickoff Signal
Filament Sense and H/V
Test Points
Fan AC
R39
TP7
TP8
TP9
TP10
TP11
TP12
HVRef +
Filament Current +
Filament Current Neutral
Filament Line
Filament Neutral
Filter Wheel Pickoff Signal
XRC Line 1 (120 VAC)
9.12 A/D CONVERTER BOARD

The A/D converter board is not field-repairable, but its proper operation can be assessed using
SURVEY as described in Section 10.3.4.
J3
1
19
37
20
J1
25
13
14
J2
U3
Figure 9-11. Analog to Digital Converter Board
9-9
Section 10
10. SOFTWARE
10.1 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION AND UPGRADES
10.1.1 PROTECTION OF CUSTOMER'S FILES
Always archive the customer's patient database and QC files before performing any
work that involves writing to the hard disk. Use a separate set of new disks, not the
customer's regular database archive diskettes.
Never format or partition the hard disk without first archiving the patient database, the
QC files, and all of the scans on the hard disk.
Never power down or reboot during a scan, or while the computer is accessing the hard
disk. Powering down and rebooting may be safely accomplished only by selecting
sHutdown and the Hologic main menu.
10.1.2 INSTALLING SOFTWARE OPTIONS

A wide variety of software options are available for the QDR 4000. Normally, these are factoryinstalled, but in those instances where an option is to be installed in the field, the option kit
includes a Release Note which describes in detail how to load the option software.
10.1.3 INSTALLING SYSTEM SOFTWARE UPGRADES

From time to time, Hologic distributes System Software upgrades which incorporate
improvements and additional features of general utility. Each upgrade kit includes a Release
Note which describes in detail how to load the new version of system software.
10.1.4 DEINSTALLING HOLOGIC SYSTEM SOFTWARE

CAUTION: Always perform a dBarchive before deinstalling the system software.
To deinstall Hologic V9.5 software, do the following:
1. Perform a dBarchive.
2. Exit all Hologic software, including:
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
the current DOS box
the Hologic background printing program, holprint.exe

At the Windows Desktop, select [Start], then [Programs], then [MS-DOS Prompt].
In the MS-DOS window at the C:\WINDOWS> prompt, type CD\<Enter>.
At the C:\> prompt, type ATTRIB -R -H -S SQUID.DAT<Enter>.
At the C:\> prompt, type DEL SQUID.DAT<Enter>.
Delete folders by typing DELTREE followed by the appropriate folder, then <Enter>.
Example: DELTREE MENU<Enter>. Answer "yes" to deleting the folder and all the
files it contains.
10-1

Delete the following folders:
MENU
SCAN
UTIL
XCDATA
FLANGENG
8. Delete files by typing DEL followed by the appropriate file, then <Enter>.
Example: DEL SYSTEM.PRX<Enter>.
Delete the following files:
SYSTEM.PRX
STANDARD.TBL
SCONFIG.TXT
VALIDOPT.TXT
LINST*.*
AWKI.EXE
WREBOOT.EXE
9. Exit the MS-DOS window (C:\>EXIT<Enter>).
10. Reboot the computer.
10.1.5 REINSTALLING HOLOGIC SYSTEM SOFTWARE

To reinstall Hologic V9.5 software, do the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
10-2
At the Windows Desktop, select [Start], then [Programs], then [MS-DOS Prompt].
At the C:\>WINDOWS> prompt, type CD\<Enter>.
At the C:\> prompt, type SET ASKMACHINE=1<Enter>.
Insert V9.5 diskette one (1) into drive A:.
At the C:\> prompt, type COPY A:\*.EXE<Enter>.
At the C:\> prompt, type LINSTALL<Enter>.
Follow the instructions on the screen to install the system software. When prompted,
indicate the model type for this installation.
When you are instructed to, reboot the system.
Answer "yes" to initialize patient and QC databases.
At the Hologic Main Menu, select [Utility], then [Service], then [dbManagement] then
[dbRecover].
Insert the last (only if there is just one disk) into drive A: and press <Enter>.
Press <Enter> again to do a complete database recovery.
Insert the remaining dBarchive disks (if any) as prompted by the recovery program.
Reinstall Hologic V9.5 System Software after the dbRecover operation through
Utility/Upgrade.
Section 10 - Software
15. If applicable, install the Version 9 System Software Patch disk through Utility/Upgrade.
16. Install the Option disks (U.S. Reference Database, NHANES, Forearm, Low Density
Spine, etc.) using Utility/Upgrade.
17. Install OnePage.
18. Install Background Printing.
19. Verify that the port and spool settings in Windows Printer Properties are correct.
20. Perform five (5) QC scans and inspect BMD, BMC, and Area plots.
21. Archive a phantom scan and restore the scan to the hard drive.
22. Perform dBarchive.
10.2 FILE ORGANIZATION

This section gives an overview of file organization in the QDR 4000. It assumes that the reader
has a good working knowledge of MS-DOS file organization.
The QDR 4000 always contains two physical drives, and may contain one or two others.
Remembering that MS-DOS drive designations always end with a colon,
1. The 3.5" floppy drive is always identified as drive A:.
2. The CD-ROM is identified as drive E:.
3. The hard drive is identified as drive C:. This drive contains all the Hologic software.
4. The JAZ drive, if installed, is identified as drive D:.
The hard drive is further divided into several directories:
Folder,
Extension or
Program
Boot Folder
(C:\)
\MENU
.EXE
.MSG,.NDX
.BAT
\DOS
\UTIL
Explanation
This contains the AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files, which are read by
DOS at boot up.
This folder contains most of the Hologic executable programs. It contains all
the programs that can be executed from the Hologic main menu. During
standard operation of the software, this is always the "current folder". Filetypes
stored here can be identified by extension:
Executable programs
Help files. These come in pairs, with the .NDX being an index into the .MSG
file. On newer systems, these files are stored in the language directories
(FLANGENG, etc.)
Batch programs. Examples are COUNTRY.BAT and ENVIRON.BAT which are
invoked at bootup.
This folder always contains MS-DOS executable files. It may also contain
Hologic executable tools. These Hologic programs are ordinarily invoked from
the DOS prompt, by service personnel, and are not used in day-to-day
operations.
On the most recent Hologic software releases, the Hologic executable tools
have been moved from \DOS to this folder.
10-3

Folder,
Extension or
Program
\SCAN\60HZ
\SCAN\50HZ
\FLANGENG
Explanation
This folder contains ASCII protocol files that control the scanning operation.
There is one of these files for each scan protocol available on the system.
These files all end with the extension .PRO. In addition, the ASCII file
RATE.DAT describes various stepper motor characteristics at 60 Hz operation.
This folder contains the same files as \SCAN\60Hz, except for 50 Hz operation.
On System Software versions 6.01 and higher, this folder contains text, help,
menu and message files that are specific to English language operation. It also
contains the executable file SETQPRM.EXE, which loads the QDR Parameter
area with English-language values. Other files are identifiable by extension:
.TXT These contain text messages for specific Hologic programs.

.MSG,.NDX Help files (see \MENU, above).
ANALYZE.PRO
LANG.NAM
This is the translated analysis protocol file.

This short ASCII file simply contains the language name.
ANALYZE.PRO and the .DAT files correspond to "master" copies kept in

\XCDATA. Each foreign language folder contains a translated copy of these
files.
\FLANGFRN
This folder contains text, help, menu and message files that are specific to
French language operation.
\FLANGDEU
This folder contains text, help, menu and message files that are specific to
German language operation.
\XCDATA
This folder contains data files, master menu files and database-definition files.
Data for each scan is kept in two or three files, with names in the form:
P*.P* Processed data contains analysis results and the presentation
frame.
P*.R* Raw scan data.
where the name portion of the filename is identical for the files of a single scan.
The patient-scan database contains the patient biographies and the results of
all the scans that the system has performed (or that have been restored to the
hard disk of this system). It is kept in files:
PATSCAN2.H
PATSCAN2.DBD
PATBIOG2.DAT
PATBIOG2.KEY
PATBIOG2.KE1
PATSCAN2.DAT
PATSCAN2.KEY
PATSCAN3.H
PATSCAN3.DBD
PATSCAN4.H
PATSCAN4.DBD
XPATSCN2.DAT
OPTICAL.DAT
10-4
Folder,
Extension or
Program
Explanation
OPTICAL.KEY
The normals curve database contains the reference curves provided in the
original software and added to the system by the user:
NCURV3.H
NCURV3.DBD
NCURV2.DAT
NCURV2.KEY
The QC database contains stored scan results (generally of phantoms) and QC
setup information:
QCDB4.DBD
QCDB4.H
QCDB5.DAT
QCDB5.KEY
QCSCALE2.DAT
QCSCALE2.KEY
The file XCSYSTEM.DAT contains the currently selected scan.
The file ONDISK contains the list of scans currently on the hard drive.
.DAT files are menu files that contain all the text that the user sees during
menu selections. Not all menus are supported this way. Those that are include:
ANALYZE.DAT Menu selection within ANALYZE.
MAINP.DAT
Hologic Main Menu
SCAN.DAT
Scan selection
UTILITYP.DAT
Utility Menu
A note on Workstations
AC-1000 workstations contain no scanning hardware. Therefore the directories \SCAN\60Hz and
\SCAN\50Hz do not appear. Neither does the Scan selection on the Hologic Main Menu, nor the
Local selection on the Utility Menu. The file COUNTRY.BAT is not invoked at bootup, so no
attempt is made to determine line frequency. In addition, various executable files that control the
hardware are erased at the factory during software installation.
10.3 MAINTENANCE, SERVICE AND DIAGNOSTIC

SOFTWARE
10.3.1 THE CALIBRATION UTILITIES DISK
Many of the calibration programs are on the Calibration Utilities Disk (099-0560). You must
insert this disk before running them and type A:program_name<Enter>.
The Calibration Utilities disk contains:
10-5

Program
Description
AUTOCOMP.BAT
AUTOSCAN.EXE
automatically analyzes, by comparison, 20 spine scans.

automatically performs multiple scans of an object according to selected
criteria.
aligns alternating scan lines for data acquisition.
calls the qcfsu.exe calibration program with the appropriate parameters.
calculates the average, CV (coefficient of variation) and linearity of
previously analyzed scans in the database.
enable/disables motion detection.
operates the x-motor.
operates the y-motor.
recalibrates scan with new correction factors.
operates the QDR 4000 in various modes.
BACKLASH.EXE
FSCAL.BAT
LAVRCV.EXE
MOTION.EXE
MOTORX.EXE
MOTORY.EXE
RECALYZE.BAT
SURVEY.EXE
Note: All the programs contained on the utility disk are not listed aboveonly the ones needed
by the service engineer. Some of the ones not listed are used in manufacturing and some
are called by other programs.
10.3.2 THE UTILITY PROGRAMS

This section describes software available for use by Field Service personnel. Unless otherwise
noted, all routines are accessed from the DOS [C:\MENU] prompt by typing the program name
and pressing <Enter>.
Many programs automatically return to DOS upon completion. Programs which do not return
automatically to the DOS prompt can be exited by pressing <Esc>.
To get to the DOS prompt from the Hologic Main Menu, simultaneously press <Alt><F1>.
To return to system software from the DOS prompt, type MAINMENU<Enter>.
Program
Description
AUTOSCAN
allows multiple scans of a phantom to be made, one after another, without

operator intervention. The scan type and number of scans must be
specified, and other scan parameters may also be specified by appending
one or more modifiers to the AUTOSCAN name.
Usage: AUTOSCAN [-options]
AUTOSCAN options:
-D
delete scans after acquisition
-En
type n <END> keys to select resolution
-Hn
type n <HOME> keys to select resolution
-Lyy
set scan length to yy in/cm (defaults to 6.004"/6.020 cm)
-M
do NOT reposition motors between scans
-Nnn
perform nn scans (default value = 1)
-O [file] log acquired scan filenames for use with AUTOANALYZE (for factory use
only). Default filename is AUTOSCAN.LOG.
10-6
Program
Description
-Pxxxx use scan menu file xxxx

-Sss
set scan line-to-line spacing to ss in/cm (defaults to 0.0395"/0.1003 cm)
-Tt
Select scan Type from SCAN menu file
-Wxx
set scan width to xx in./cm (defaults to 4.83"/5.136 cm)
-Xxx
set maximum continuous X-ray on time (seconds)
-Yxx
X-ray duty cycle after maximum on time (percent)
? or -?: display this help menu

Example: AUTOSCAN -TS -N10 will execute ten fast spine scans
AVRSCAN
finds the averages (means) and coefficients of variation (CV) of K, d0,

area, BMC and BMD for a selected set of scans. Each scan chosen to be
part of the set is highlighted by typing a "+"; after all scans to be averaged
have been tagged, pressing <Enter> will display the average and CV for
each parameter.
BACKLASH
measures the amount of mechanical backlash present in the scanning

mechanisms, and calculates corrections that make the display appear as
if it had been acquired on a backlash-free system. Without correction,
straight lines may appear wavy, and scan edges can have the appearance
of ripple-cut French fries.
Place a coin on the table, center the laser spot on the coin, then escape to
DOS, type BACKLASH and press <Enter>. All further operations are fully
automatic, and the program terminates with X-axis and Y-axis backlash
compensation values (measured in motor steps) stored in the
SCONFIG.TXT file.
Figure 10-1. Backlash Compensation
10-7

Program
CHKDSK
Description
displays the following information about the disk drive:
- the serial number of the volume
- of total disk space (in bytes)
- available on disk (in bytes)
- the size of each allocation unit (in bytes)
- number of allocation units on the disk
- total memory (in bytes)
- total free memory (in bytes)
Note: To check the disk for errors and repair them, it is better to use
SCANDISK.
COUNTRY
DATE
DATES
DBCHECK
DBMAN
automatically configures system for 50 or 60 Hz operation

displays the current date in the computer's internal clock, and allows that date to
be changed if desired.
allows the selection of English or European format for date display
checks a specified database (example: DBCHECK PATSCAN2) for errors, and
reports any found. Copyrighted by Raima Corporation.
moves scans and patient information into (or deletes such information from) the
PATSCAN2 database.
Note: Hologic strongly recommends running DBARCHIVE before running

DBMAN, so that the original database can be restored in case of operator
error.
INITDB
initializes a specified database, clearing all previous entries. Copyrighted by

Raima Corporation.
Note: Note: Think carefully before using INITDB.

Example:
database.
Example:
INITDB PATSCAN4 will erase all entries from the patient

INITDB QCDB4 will erase all entries from the QC database.
CAUTION: Always run DBarchive before running INITDB. Failure to do so will result in
the permanent loss of data.
Program
Description
KEYBUILD
corrects problems with .KEY files. Copyrighted by Raima Corporation.
MAINMENU
returns control to the system software.
FSCAL
automatically changes ENVIRON.BAT to reflect the corrected BCF.
MOTION ON
disables the motion detection safety system, which normally monitors X- and Yaxis carriage motion during a scan and shuts down the X-ray source if motion
failure is detected on either axis.
Note: Do not leave the system for use with patients without invoking
MOTION OFF and restoring safety system operation.
10-8
Program
Description
MOTION
OFF
re-enables the motion detection system.
MOTORX,
MOTORY
control and monitor the X-axis and Y-axis drive stepper motors. Written primarily
for use by Engineering, they serve in the field as means for isolating the cause of
motor stalling (by changing the stepping rate), and for monitoring the manual
motion request switches, limit switches and Motion Counter board outputs.
The MOTORX display, which is typical, is shown below.
Note: See Section 10.3.3 for more information on MOTORX and MOTORY.
ONDISK
checks the hard disk for patient files not currently in the database, and adds any
that it finds. Safe to run anytime.
PAD
allows laser on/off control and control of table and arm motion from the keyboard.
Pressing any key 0-4 or 6-9 on the numeric keypad initiates the indicated action.
Pressing <DEL> stops it.
Motor Control Pad
8 IN
PgUp
9(HomeX)
(X)
4LEFT
6RIGHT
(Y)
(Y)
2 OUT
PgDn
3(HomeY)
(Y)
0POSITION LIGHT
Figure 10-2. PAD Program Display
10-9

Program
RECALYZE
SCANDISK
MODSCREC
SET
SURVEY
Description
run on older scans whenever the bone correction factor (BCF) is changed in the
ENVIRON.BAT file. Adjusts the BMC of older scans to be within 0.5% of the
BMC value printed on the phantom label (Section 4.10.2).
Example: C:\RECALYZE<Enter> after the desired scans have been selected.
checks and repairs disks under Windows.
when scans are copied via DOS, running SCANTODB will add them to the
database.
Example:
MODSCREC \XCDATA\P*.P* <Enter>
displays the current DOS path, line frequency, Q-numbers, machine model
number (QDR 4000) and serial number. Performance Series machine serial
numbers end in "P", others are numeric only.
allows monitoring of the A/D converter output, the status of the HVPS, the
system line frequency and the instantaneous HI/LO signal values for bone, tissue
and air. It also affords on/off control of the X-ray beam and the filter wheel motor,
and selection of the collimator.
Note: See Section 10.3.4 for more information about the SURVEY
program.
TIME
UNITS
displays the current time in the computer's internal clock, and allows that time to
be changed if desired.
allows selection of English or metric units for displays.
10.3.3 RUNNING MOTORX AND MOTORY

Note: First insert the Calibration Utilities disk (099-0560) into the floppy.
X-Motor Status
Ready
Motion Complete
Run
Control
Direction
Prog
Slew
Pulse
CW Limit
Ccw Limit
CW Switch
CCW Switch
ASCII/BIN
Reset
DoWhile
Wait
Abort
Step Inhibit
Local Motion
Position Light
Homed
Motion
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
X-Motor Control
Command
G
ASCII/BIN
Number of Steps 05279 Reset
Slope
001 DoWhite
Rate
050 Wait
First Rate
001 Abort
Slope Divisor
0
Cy525
command code
1
1
1
1
1
(ASCII).
0000
Figure 10-3. MOTORX Program Display

To run the X-axis or Y-axis motor and thereby test the motor and its associated limit switches
and Motion Counter board, use the cursor keys to highlight the following lines in the -Motor
Control box, entering the value specified in the table below and pressing <Enter>.
10-10
PARAMETER
Number Of Steps
Slope
Rate
First Rate
Slope Divisor
MOTORX
2000
180
127
003
MOTORY
2000
180
50
003
001
001
After all five parameters have been entered, highlight the Command line, press <Del> to clear
the line, then type + or - to determine desired direction of motion (see table below) and press
<Enter>.
COMMAND
+
-
MOTORX
arm to rear
arm to front
MOTORY
arm left
arm right
Again press <Del> to clear the Command line, then type G and press <Enter> to initiate motion.
Observe the Motion line at the bottom of the -Motor Status box (except in MOTORC): it should
change as the arm moves, verifying proper Motion Counter operation.
Repeatedly pressing <Enter> should cause the arm to reach a motion limit and the CW Limit or
CCW Limit status in the -Motor Status box to change from 0 to 1, indicating proper limit switch
operation.
Throwing the arm manual control switches should change 0 s to 1 s in the -Motor Status box
(thereby verifying proper operation) thusly:
SWITCH
arm FORWARD/BACK switch UP
arm FORWARD/BACK switch DOWN
arm LEFT/RIGHT switch LEFT
arm LEFT/RIGHT switch RIGHT
MOTORX
CW SWITCH
CCW SWITCH
-
MOTORY
CW SWITCH
CCW SWITCH
10.3.4 RUNNING THE SURVEY PROGRAM

10-11
16-bit A/D
Binary Data
X-Ray Status
Readback
Registers
Settings
Registers
Error
Counters
Filter
Wheel
Signals
Function
Keys
Legend
Figure 10-4. SURVEY Program Display

In SURVEY, function keys have the following functions:
Key
<F1>
<F2>
<F3>
Function
turns X-rays on
turns X-rays off
turns calibration on
Key
<F4>
<F5>
<F6>
Function
turns calibration off
turns filter wheel motor on
turns filter wheel motor off
CAUTION: Turning the beam on with <F1> bypasses the system's normal X-ray safety features.
Be especially careful to keep your hands, head and other body parts out of the
beam.
REGISTER
Chopper
DISPLAY
0 or 1
DESCRIPTION
Filter wheel pickoff pulses are detected.
0=no pickoff pulse detected.
1=pickoff pulse detected.
Hi/Lo
0 or 1
Cycles at AC line frequency between 0 and 1 as positive and

negative line voltage half-cycles are detected.
Interlock
ON or
OFF
Currently displays the same status that the Emergency register

does.
10-12
REGISTER
Emergency
DISPLAY
ON or
OFF
DESCRIPTION
ON when the red STOP button is pushed in or the key switch is off
(emergency status enabled).
OFF when red STOP button is pulled out and the key switch is
turned to the ON position (normal operation).
HiVoltage
ON or
OFF
ON when X-rays are on.

OFF when no X-rays are being generated.
A/D
Readback
16
Individual
Bits, each
0 or 1
The output of the Analog to Digital (A/D) Converter board. The bits
are displayed in two colors:
RED = The bit has not yet changed state since SURVEY has been
started or reset by the <HOME> key.
GREEN = The bit has changed state at least once since SURVEY
was started or was reset by the <HOME> key.
Pressing the <HOME> key resets all the bits back to red. This can
be helpful in finding any "stuck" bits.
The following six registers display the detected amplitude of the dual energy X-ray pulses after
passing through the three filter wheel segments. The information is displayed as A/D numbers (04095). The higher the number, the fewer X-rays that are hitting the detector. Readings that reach
either extreme (0 or 4095) indicate something wrong with the detector or A/D converter.
REGISTER
Hi Bone
Lo Bone
Hi Tissue
Lo Tissue
Hi Air
Lo Air
DISPLAY
|
|
0-6535
|
|
|
DESCRIPTION
140 kVp X-ray pulse through bone segment.
70 kVp X-ray pulse through bone segment.
140 kVp X-ray pulse through tissue segment.
70 kVp X-ray pulse through tissue segment.
140 kVp X-ray pulse through air segment.
70 kVp X-ray pulse through air segment.
Note: The A/D "raw" number displayed by SURVEY is inverted relative to the detector output
voltage level (4095=0 Volts and 00000=10.0 Volts).
The following registers indicate the results of operator commands to the HVPS\Source and filter
wheel motor.
REGISTER
WarmUp
DISPLAY
ON or OFF
DESCRIPTION
Normal state is OFF and should only be ON for approximately 3-5
seconds while the X-rays are coming on or going off.
HiVoltage
ON or OFF
The first of two registers used to enable the generation of X-rays.

ON when X-rays are desired (press <F1>).
OFF when no X-rays are desired (press <F2>).
X-ray
Enable
ON or OFF
The second of two registers required to enable the generation of Xrays.

ON when X-rays are desired (press <F1>)
OFF when no X-rays are desired (press <F2>)
10-13

REGISTER
Calibration
DISPLAY
ON or OFF
DESCRIPTION
Defaults to OFF. A better name would be "PMT dark current offset".
When all readback numbers are 3762, the PMT dark current has
been cancelled out.
S/W Debug
ON or OFF
Defaults to OFF. A flag used by programmers. Not used by Field

Service.
Filter
Wheel
ON or OFF
Indicates the status of the filter wheel motor drive circuitry.

<F5> turns the filter wheel motor ON.
<F6> turns the filter wheel motor OFF.
Frequency
50 Hz or 60
Hz
Indicates the line frequency as determined by the Timing & Control

board.
Note: SURVEY also has three counters which increment when there is a filter wheel pickoff
error or a Hi/Low phasing fault.
All three of the following counters must be at zero before X-rays can be produced. The
counters can be reset only by exiting SURVEY (press <Esc>) and then restarting the
program.
REGISTER
Pickoff Out
Of Phase
DISPLAY
0 or a
decimal
number
DESCRIPTION
Increments if the filter wheel pickoff is out of phase with the AC line.
i.e., if the pickoff pulse occurs during the negative half cycle of the
AC line.
If the Pickoff Out of Phase counter is incrementing, the filter wheel
can be phased manually by alternately pressing <F5> and <F6>
until the wheel is in phase and the counter stops incrementing.
Long filter wheel motor off times improve the chances of the wheel
synchronizing with the positive half-cycle of the AC line when
restarted.
No Filter
Wheel
Pickoff
0 or a
decimal
number
Increments if the pickoff pulse is not detected. This can be due to a

fault in the pickoff circuitry or a stationary filter wheel.
Hi-Lo Out
Of
Sequence
0 or a
decimal
number
Increments if the Hi-Low pulse sequence (as monitored by the

Timing & Control board) disagrees with the computer's
expectations.
10.3.5 RUNNING FSCAL

1. Go to the DOS prompt (<Alt><F1>) if not already there.
2. Type A:FSCAL<Enter>.
10-14
3. Type b<Enter>.
4. If the information is NOT correct, type n<Enter>.

5. Enter the correct information in the screen above and press <F10>.
The following screen appears if you have just pressed <F10> or typed y<Enter> when asked if
the information is correct:
10-15
6. Select the 20 scans just completed. (Follow the directions on the screen.)
This screen displays the analysis of the scan values and recommends whether to recalibrate or
not.
7. Select y or n, depending on the recommendations and your decision.
If you select y, the following screen appears:
10-16
If you select n, FSCAL returns to the first screen above.

8. Select x to EXIT.
10-17
Section 11
11. ERROR MESSAGES
The QDR 4000 system software reports four types of error messages. They are:
Informational:
These messages are self-explanatory. Examples are instructions to

insert or remove diskettes, or notification that a diskette or the system
drive is full.
User Error:
The user made a mistake, such as entering invalid data, inserting the
wrong diskette or optical cartridge, or positioning a region of interest
incorrectly.
Hardware Error:
Messages which may indicate a hardware malfunction (which may be

as simple as something not plugged in or turned on).
Software Error:
The QDR software contains numerous "sanity checks" that are used
during software development to indicate that something is wrong.
During normal operation, these messages should never appear. If they
do, Hologic should be notified.
This document covers only hardware and software errors. Informational and user errors are
self-explanatory.
The following list specifies, for each error message:
its category and meaning.
when and where it can happen.

what action you should take.
The error messages are in alphabetical order, with the exception of messages generated by SCAN
in the form:
device: Message Text
These messages are listed in order by "Message Text".
Analysis aborted. d0= ___ below acceptable limit.
Hardware or
Software Error:
d0 is found to be below zero, which is not possible if there are X-rays

reaching the detector.
Action:
This message should be reported to Hologic. Please include as much

information as possible about the scan.
CALIB: Timeout
Hardware Error:
Dark current offset calibration was not completed within a reasonable

amount of time.
Action:
Check A/D-to-T&C cable; repair or replace as required.

Check A/D board, replace if defective.
11-1

Check supply voltages to A/D board, adjust as required.
Check detector, replace if defective.
CALIB: Unknown Error

Software Error:
This message should not occur. Report it to Hologic if it does.
Cannot obtain results of scan ________ of __________

Software Error:
For some reason, the system was unable to obtain the results of a scan
that you selected for normals plotting. This message should be
reported to Hologic.
Can't open a window

Software Error:

information as possible about what you were doing at the time.
device: Chopper Wheel Out of Phase with Xrays

Hardware Error:
After successful synchronization at the start of the scan, the filter

wheel got out of phase.
Action:
Check filter wheel phasing, adjust if necessary as described in

Section 4.1. Check belt tension, adjust A/R.
Corrupted Scan Data Detected

Software Error:

Could not find file extension in

Software Error:

Couldn't write the new record

Hardware or
Software Error:
The system was unable to write a reference curve that you entered or
edited.
Action:
Check that the hard drive is not full. That is, check the message
"Room for __ scans" in the status window and ensure that it does not
say zero. If it is full, then archive and delete one or more scans and
try again.
If the hard drive is not full, then you have either a hard drive failure
or a corrupt reference curve database.
11-2
Section 11 Error Messages

db_File error __ ...
or
db_VISTA error __ ...

Software Error:
Any message that begins this way should be reported to Hologic.

Please include as much information as possible about what you were
doing at the time.
device: Data Buffer Overflow

Hardware or
Software Error:
The device driver which performs the X-ray scan acquired data faster
than the scan program could write it to disk. This may indicate a hard
drive problem or a problem with the Timing & Control board.
device: Device Already In Use

Software Error:

information as possible about what you were doing at he time.
Error copying file _________

Hardware Error:
There was an error copying the named file.
Action:
Verify that there was space on the target drive. Check the "Room for
... " message in the status window. Run appropriate diagnostics.
Error creating file ______________ _________________

Hardware or
User Error:
There is a problem creating a new file (which may be on your

hard drive, your diskette, or your optical). Either the medium is
full, or there is a hardware error.
Action:
First determine which disk drive is involved. The filename should

start with a drive letter, followed by a colon. Drive A: is diskette, C:
is the hard drive, and E: is optical. If, when you exit from the Hologic
main menu, your MENU directory is in drive C:, then C: is hard
drive, otherwise it is optical.
Check for disk full. For diskette, simply try a different diskette and
see if the problem goes away. For hard drive, check the "Room for
___" message in the status window. For optical, go to the \WORM
directory and run the program WCHKDSK C:, where "C:" is the
drive from the message.
If the disk is not full, run appropriate diagnostics.
Error in region of interest structure
11-3

Software Error:

Error reading Optical drive: _______________

Error reading file _______ : __________
Hardware Error:
There was a disk problem while reading a file.
Action:
Run appropriate diagnostics.
Error closing optical file ________________________

or
Error flushing optical file _______________________

or
Error writing optical record ______________________

Hardware error:
There is a problem writing an optical file. Either the medium is full,

or there is a hardware malfunction.
Action:
Check for disk full. Get out of the Hologic menu (Press <Alt>
<F1>), go to the \WORM directory and run the program WCHKDSK
c:, where "c:" is the drive letter from the message.
If the disk is not full, then run the WDIAGS diagnostics.
Failure at file ________ line ____

Software Error:

file extension doesn't start with 'P' in ...

Software Error:

Garbled Optical File
11-4
Software Error:
The optical file that you are attempting to restore scans from seems to
be clobbered.
Action:
Run diagnostics on the optical drive. If this error recurs, report it to

Hologic.

GetDKernel Internal Software Error
or
GetKernel Internal Software Error

Software Error:
These messages should be reported to Hologic. Please include as

much information as possible about what you were doing at the time.
device: Hi/Lo Sequencing Error

Hardware Error:
The data points did not correctly alternate between high and low
energy.
Action:
Check the Timing & Control board, replace if defective. Check the
A-C input reference voltage to the Timing & Control board.
Histogram Overflow in datahist

or
Histogram Smoothing Error

or
Illegal Context Record Type

or
Illegal high value in qgen

or
Inconsistent d0 limits in rsattencalc

or
Indeterminate or bad data for attenuation curves

or
Indeterminate Data For k Calculation

or
Insufficient Data To Determine k/delta0

Software Error:

Incorrect version of X-ray device driver

Software Error:

Internal Buffer Size Exceeded
11-5

Software Error:

Internal Error:..
or
Internal Software Error: ...

Software Error:

doing at the time.
Invalid ...
Software Error:
Any message that begins with the word "Invalid" should be reported
to Hologic. Please include as much information as possible about
what you were doing at the time.
I/O Error ...

Hardware or
User error:
There was an error reading or writing a disk drive. The message should
identify the drive and say something about the nature of the error.
Action:
If this is an "out of space" error, verify that there is room on the

target drive. Check the "Room for ..." message in the status window.
Otherwise, run appropriate diagnostics on the disk and controller; if
the problem involves diskette (Drive A:), try a different diskette.
Limit Exceeded: ...

Software Error:

doing at the time.
Missing tissue bar initialization file

Software Error: The file that contains the calibration information for the tissue bar is
missing or has not been installed.
Action:
Install the tissue bar initialization software that comes with the tissue
bar.
device: Motor did not move as commanded
11-6
Hardware Error:
The QDR is equipped with motion detectors which detect actual

motion in the X and Y-axis motors. This message occurs when one
of these motors was commanded to move and no motion was
detected.
Action:
Check for loose leadscrew couplers, tighten setscrews A/R.

Check for coupler hitting bearing block, move coupler A/R.
Check motion encoder, replace if defective.
Check Motion Counter board, replace if defective.
Check leadscrew lubrication, lubricate if dry.
Check Motion Counter to T&C cable, repair or replace A/R.
Check Stepper Motor Controller board, replace if defective
Check stepper translator, replace if defective.
Check Timing & Control board, replace if defective.
MOTOR__ never went to status ___

Hardware Error:
This message can only occur during initial positioning prior to a

whole body scan. The CY525 stepper motor controller chip never
went to the named status.
Action:
Replace the CY525 IC or the Timing & Control board.
Multiple Data Input Channels Not Implemented

Software Error:

No data for attenuation curves

Software Error:

device: No Motion Detected While X-rays ON.

Hardware Error:
The QDR is equipped with motion detectors which detect actual

motion in the X and Y-axis coordinates. Whenever the X-rays are
on, these motion detectors must show constant motion in the X or Yaxis. Otherwise it is assumed that the patient is receiving a
concentrated dose of X-rays in one body point; the scan is aborted
and this message is produced.
Action:
Check for loose leadscrew couplers, tighten setscrews A/R.

Check for coupler hitting bearing block, move coupler A/R.
Check motion encoder, replace if defective.
Check Motion Counter board, replace if defective.
Check leadscrew lubrication, lubricate if dry.
Check StepperMotor Controller board, replace if defective.
Check stepper translator, replace if defective.
Check Timing & Control board, replace if defective.
device: Not Detecting Chopper Pickoff

Hardware Error:
The filter wheel may not be spinning, or the pickoff may be

malfunctioning.
11-7

Action:
Check filter pickoff, filter motor, and related cabling. Repair or

replace as required.
Not enough memory

Software Error:

out of memory
Software Error:

Patient File Record __ Too Small

or
Patient File Record __ Too Large

Hardware or
Software Error:
These messages indicate problems performing I/O operations (usually to

the hard drive, but possibly to diskette or optical).
Action:
Ensure that there is adequate space on the hard drive (Check the
"Room for ..." message in the status window. You should always
leave room for 1 or 2 scans). There may be a disk problem;
appropriate diagnostics should be run. If you are unable to find a
hardware problem, the message should be reported to Hologic.
Include as much information as possible about what you were doing
at the time.
PGLINE: ...
Software Error:

doing at the time.
Phase mismatch on odd lines, was __, now __

or
Phase mismatch on even lines, was __, now __

Hardware Error:
During a scan, the filter wheel phase at the start of every even line
must be the same. It must also be the same at the start of every odd
line. This condition was not met, indicating the line frequency may
not be 50 or 60 Hz This error usually occurs when running with a
motor-generator.
This may also indicate a software error involving the RATE.DAT
file.
11-8

Action:
Check line frequency. If you can find no problems, report this

message to Hologic.
device: Readback Fault on CY525

Hardware Error:
One of the stepper motor controller chips did not respond correctly to
an attempt to read it. The message identifies which controller it is.
Action:
To diagnose problems with stepper motors, try going into DOS and
invoking the appropriate motor control program (MOTORX or
MOTORY). These allow direct control over the CY525 chip.
Replace the CY525 chip or the Stepper MotorController board if
defective.
RePositioning: Unknown Power Line Frequency

Hardware Error:
When repositioning a scan (<F3>), the power line frequency appears

to have changed.
Action:
See the discussion of the error message "Unable to determine power

line frequency".
ROI Limit Error

Software Error:

Scan File Record __ Too Small (__)

or
Scan File Record __ Too Large (__)

or
Scan has 0 points or lines

Hardware or
Software Error:

Action:
at the time.
Scan speed in the protocol file is inconsistent with line frequency
11-9

Software or
Hardware Error:
If you are encountering problems with line frequency (see the description
of "Unable to determine Line Frequency" error message), then you can
get this message.
Otherwise, this message should be reported to Hologic.
SOFTWARE ERROR ...

Software Error:

doing at the time.
Start phase = __, must be EVEN

or
Start phase = __, must be in range 0 to 5

Hardware Error:
During a scan, the starting chopper wheel phase for each line must be
one of the values: 0, 2, 4. This condition was not met.
Action:
Check the stepper motor controller. Ensure that you have the latest
chopper pickoff synchronization fix installed (Part number 061000195-01. This is included in all software releases 5.11.04 and later,
and 6.00.01 and later).
Starting phase Out of Range

Software Error:

the analyze data file either did not exist or did not
contain any valid entries
Software Error:
The software was not correctly installed (No ANALYZE.DAT file).

This might also be due to a hardware problem with the hard disk
drive.
Action:
Notify Hologic field engineering.
The line frequency measured during startup has changed.

Hardware Error:
See the discussion of error message "Unable to determine power line

frequency".
Action:
Check the Timing & Control board, replace if defective.
There are no files available to restore (Optical restore)
11-10

User or Software
Error:
When restoring files from optical ("Optical" on main menu), you selected
an archive that contains no scans. This situation should not occur in
normal operation with current software (versions 5.20 and later).
Action:
Select a different archive. If this message appears with Optical

restore with software versions greater than 5.11, report it to Hologic.
There are no records in the Normals Curve database.

Software Error:
The reference curve database appears to be totally empty. This

condition should never occur in normal operations.
Action:
The Hologic software may not have been installed correctly.
device: Timeout (No 120 Hz Interrupts)

Hardware Error:
The Timing & Control board generates an interrupt every 1/120 of a

second (60 Hz line) or every 1/100 of a second (50 Hz line). The PC
clock generates 18 interrupts a second (regardless of line frequency).
If two clock ticks occur with no Timing & Control board interrupts
between them, then this message is produced.
Action:
Verify that the Chopper Pickoff Synchronization fix (Part no. 061000195-01) has been installed. This fix is included in software
releases 5.11.04 and later and 6.00.01 and later).
Check filter wheel pickoff for residual noise, add shielded cable A/R.
Check Timing & Control board and reseat, modify or replace as
required.
device: Timeout writing to CY525

Hardware Error:
One of the stepper motor controller chips did not respond correctly to
an attempt to write to it. The message identifies which controller it
is.
Action:
To diagnose problems with stepper motors, try going into DOS and
invoking the appropriate motor control program (MOTORX or
MOTORY). These allow direct control over the CY525 chip.
Replace the CY525 chip or the Stepper Motor Controller board if
defective.
Total No. points = __, NOT a multiple of 6

Software Error:
This message indicates a problem with the scan protocol file (that
instructs the scan program how to perform a scan). If this happens on
one of the officially-released Hologic scan protocols, Hologic should
be notified.
Truncated Patient Record ...
11-11

Hardware or
Software Error:
This messages indicate problems performing I/O operations (usually to

Action:
at the time.
device: Unable To Allocate Resources

Software Error:

Unable to Allocate Space for Environment

or
Unable to Restore Environment

or
Unable to Calculate Line-By-Line d0's

Software Error:

Unable to determine power line frequency

Hardware Error:
The line frequency is determined by counting the number of Timing

& Control board interrupts that occur during PC clock tick intervals.
The Timing & Control board interrupts occur 100 (50 Hz) or 120 (60
Hz) times per second. The PC clock ticks approximately 18 times
per second. Several clock ticks are observed to ensure consistency.
If reasonable numbers of interrupts are not observed, this message
appears.
Action:
Check the Timing & Control board.
Unable to format diskette
11-12
User or Hardware
Error:
This usually means that you attempted to format a diskette that was
defective.
Action:
Try a different diskette. If this message occurs repeatedly, and with

more than one diskette, it may mean a hardware problem with a
diskette drive or the controller board. (In some computers, the
controller circuitry is on the motherboard; if this circuitry is
defective, the entire computer must be replaced.)

Unable to normalize line sums
Software Error:

Unable to find file

or
Unable to Find Line by Line d0's

or
Unable to Find Previous Analysis Results

or
Unable to Open Tissue Calibration File ________

or
Unable to open temporary file ________

or
Unable to open temporary Q-File

or
Unable to Position File to HALO Record

or
Unable to Position Data File

or
Unable to Position File: ________

or
Unable to Position Patient File

or
Unable to Position Patient File Past Record __

or
Unable to Position Patient File To End

or
Unable to Position Scan File Past Record __ (__)

or
Unable to Position Q-Data File

or
Unable to Read Data File

or
Unable to Read File: ________

or
Unable to Read Line by Line d0's

or
Unable to Read Previous Analysis Results

or
11-13
Unable to Rewind Q-File

or
Unable to Rewind File: ________

or
Unable to Read BMD Image Frame

or
Unable to Read HALO Frame Header

or
Unable to Read Q-Data File

or
Unable to Write to Q-Image File

Hardware or
Software Error:

the hard drive, but possibly to the floppy or optical drive).
Action:
at the time.
Unable to open a window

Software Error:

Unable to open X-ray device driver

Software Error:

Unable to restore scan. If the System Disk is full

Delete Archived scans and try again.
User or Hardware
error:
The system was unable to restore one or more scans.
Action:
This usually means that the hard drive is full. Check the "Room for
"message in the status window. If the disk is NOT full, then this
indicates a hard drive problem.
Unable to set PMT Voltage

or
Unknown ROI type in DrawROI
11-14

Software Error:

Unable to synchronize filter wheel

Hardware Error:
The filter wheel belt may be too tight. Check the tension, adjust as
required.
device: Unrecognized Command Code

Software Error:

X-ray device driver not installed

Software Error:
The software was not properly installed. The device driver SM.SYS
(loaded by command in CONFIG.SYS at system startup) does not
appear to be there.
Xrays Timed Out

Hardware Error:
The X-Ray ready internal indicator did not come on within a

reasonable amount of time.
11-15

QDR-4000 TM C 03

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QDR 4000 Technical Manual

Copyright 1998 by Hologic, Inc. All rights reserved.

QDR 4000 Technical Manual

Copyright 1998 by Hologic, Inc. All rights reserved.

QDR 4000 Technical Manual

Copyright 1998 by Hologic, Inc. All rights reserved.

QDR 4000 Technical Manual

ALIGNMENT AND CALIBRATION..................................................................................4-1

SYSTEM COMPONENTS & LOCATION ........................................................................5-1

Copyright 1998 by Hologic, Inc. All rights reserved.

QDR 4000 Technical Manual

REMOVE AND REPLACE PROCEDURES.....................................................................6-1

Copyright 1998 by Hologic, Inc. All rights reserved.

QDR 4000 Technical Manual

FAULT ISOLATION .........................................................................................................7-1

PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE .......................................................................................8-1

COMPONENT SUMMARY INFORMATION....................................................................9-1

10. SOFTWARE ...................................................................................................................10-1

Copyright 1998 by Hologic, Inc. All rights reserved.

QDR 4000 Technical Manual

Copyright 1998 by Hologic, Inc. All rights reserved.

QDR 4000 Technical Manual

Copyright 1998 by Hologic, Inc. All rights reserved.

QDR 4000 Technical Manual

Copyright 1998 by Hologic, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 1998 by Hologic, Inc. All rights reserved.

QDR 4000 Technical Manual

1.2 X-RAY SCANNING THEORY

Copyright 1998 by Hologic, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 1998 by Hologic, Inc. All rights reserved.

QDR 4000 Technical Manual

1.3 X-RAY BEAM GEOMETRY

Figure 1-2. QDR 4000 Pencil Beam Geometry

0.408 in. dia

Copyright 1998 by Hologic, Inc. All rights reserved.

1.4 PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

Rectilinear Pencil Beam (X-ray ) Indexing scan with Single

Contact State Regulatory Body

Manual movement ( two independent axes ) of the C-Arm using

410 kg (900 lb)

1.83 m L x 1.03 m W x 1.30 m H (72 L x 40.5 W x 51 H)

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY

MAXIMUM HEAT LOAD

1.0 kW (3400 BTU/hr)

MAXIMUM SUBJECT WEIGHT

136 kg (300 lb)

Copyright 1998 by Hologic, Inc. All rights reserved.

QDR 4000 Technical Manual

VOLTAGE, FREQUENCY, CURRENT AND LOAD

MAXIMUM APPARENT LINE

BMD SCAN TIME, PRECISION, DOSE

Decubitus Lateral Spine

Rat Whole Body

Proximal Femur (Hip)

Decubitus Lateral Spine

Rat Whole Body

Copyright 1998 by Hologic, Inc. All rights reserved.

Proximal Femur (Hip)

Decubitus Lateral Spine

Rat Whole Body

1.4.10 LEAKAGE CURRENT