The House of Bourbon (English /'b??rb?n/; French: [bu?'b?

~]) is an European roya

l house of French origin, a branch of the Capetian dynasty (/k?'pi????n/). Bourb
on kings first ruled France and Navarre in the 16th century. By the 18th century
, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and
Parma. Spain and Luxembourg currently have Bourbon monarchs.
The royal Bourbons originated in 1268, when the heiress of the lordship of Bourb
on married a younger son of King Louis IX.[1] The house continued for three cent
uries as a cadet branch, while more senior Capetians ruled France, until Henry I
V became the first Bourbon king of France in 1589.[1] Bourbon monarchs then unif
ied France with the small kingdom of Navarre, which Henry's father had acquired
by marriage in 1555, and ruled until the 1792 overthrow of the monarchy during t
he French Revolution. Restored briefly in 1814 and definitively in 1815 after th
e fall of the First French Empire, the senior line of the Bourbons was finally o
verthrown in the July Revolution of 1830. A cadet Bourbon branch, the House of O
rlans, then ruled for 18 years (1830 1848), until it too was overthrown.
The Princes de Cond were a cadet branch of the Bourbons descended from an uncle o
f Henry IV, and the Princes de Conti were a cadet branch of the Cond. Both houses
were prominent in French affairs, even during exile in the French Revolution, u
ntil their respective extinctions in 1830 and 1814.
When the Bourbons inherited the strongest claim to the Spanish throne, the claim
was passed to a cadet Bourbon prince, a grandson of Louis XIV of France, who be
came Philip V of Spain.[1] Permanent separation of the French and Spanish throne
s was secured when France and Spain ratified Philip's renunciation, for himself
and his descendants, of the French throne in the Treaty of Utrecht in 1714, and
similar arrangements later kept the Spanish throne separate from those of the Tw
o Sicilies and Parma. The Spanish House of Bourbon (rendered in Spanish as Borbn
[bor'on]) has been overthrown and restored several times, reigning 1700 1808, 1813 18
68, 1875 1931, and since 1975. Bourbons ruled in Naples from 1734 1806 and in Sicily
from 1734 1816, and in a unified Kingdom of the Two Sicilies from 1816 1860. They a
lso ruled in Parma from 1731 1735, 1748 1802 and 1847 1859.
Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg married a cadet of the Parmese line and t
hus her successors, who have ruled Luxembourg since her abdication in 1964, have
also been members of the House of Bourbon. Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil,
regent for her father, Pedro II of the Empire of Brazil, married a cadet of the
Orlans line and thus their descendants, known as the Orlans-Braganza, were in the
line of succession to the Brazilian throne and expected to ascend its throne ha
d the monarchy not been abolished by revolution in 1889.
All legitimate, living members of the House of Bourbon, including its cadet bran
ches, are direct agnatic descendants of Henry IV.