Module: 7

Lecture: 1
Support Motion:
There are several practical problems that can be idealized to calculate response due to
support motion, such as building structures subjected to earth quake or systems

mx k ( x y ) c( x y )
mx cx kx ky cy

Let y B sin t & x A sin(t )

mx cx kx kB sin t c B sin t

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k 2 c 2 2 B (k m 2 ) 2 c 2 2 . A
A
k 2 c 2 2

B
(k m 2 ) 2 c 2 2

1 (2 r ) 2
(1 r 2 ) 2 (2 r ) 2

transmissibility of motion

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c A
KA m 2 A
c

K m 2
c B c

tan
KB
K
tan( )

tan( )

c
tan tan

1 tan tan K m 2

m 3
c
k
tan
c 2 2
k m 2
k
3
m c

k (k m 2 ) c 2 2
c

c 1 tan . k m 2
tan
k

c 2 2
m 3
k m 2
tan c
k
k

m 3
c
k
tan
c 2 2
k m 2
k
m c 3
.
k k

c2
m
1 2 2 2
k
k
3

2
n

2
2

1 2

n n
c c
m 1
2
As c

k
k
k n2
n
cc 2mn

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2k

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Vibration Isolation
The situation of vibration system is just reverse of base isolation system. In this system is
vibration and our interest is to find out the vibration transmitted to the base.

Force Diagram

Idealized System

Transmitted force FT

kA c A
2

2
c
kA 1
kA 1 2 r
k

When the disturbing force equal to F0 sin t , the value of A, amplitudein the preceding
equation is
F0 / k
A
2
1 r 2 2 r 2

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The transmissibility TR, defined as the ratio of the transmitted force to that of the
disturbing force, is then
FT
1 (2 r ) 2

F0
(1 r 2 ) (2 r ) 2
Comparing the preceding equation shows that
F
A
TR T
F0
B
When damping is negligible, the transmissibility reduces to
1
TR 2
r 1

Here it is understood that the value of r to be used is always greater than 2
n
A machine of 100 kg mass is supported on springs of total stiffness of 700b KN/m and
has an unbalanced rotating element, which results on a disturbing force of 350 N at a
speed of 3000 rev/min. Assuming = 0.20 determine (i) its ampl. of motion due to the
unbalance (ii) the transmissibility and (iii) the transmitted force.
TR

Solution: The statical deflection of the system is

100 9.81
1.401 103 1.401 mm
3
700 10
and its natural frequency is found to be

fn

1
9.81
13.32 Hz
2 1.401103

1 k

fn 2

k mg k g
m

The amplitude of vibration is

A

F0 / k

1 r 2 r
2 2

350 / 700 103

2

2
50 2
50

2
0.20
1

13.32
13.32

3.79 105 m
0.0379 mm
The transmissibility

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TR

1 2 r

50

1 2 0.20

13.32

1 r 2 2 r

2
50 2
50
1

2 0.20
13.32
13.32

1/2

0.137

The transmitted force, FTR 350 0.137 47.89 N

Vibration Measuring Instrument

To determine the behavior of such instruments

we consider the equation of motion of m, which
is
mx c ( x y ) k ( x y )
Here x and y are the displacement of the seismic
mass and the vibrating body, respectively, both
measured w.r.t an inertial reference. Let the
relative displacement
z ( x y)
And assuming sinusoidal motion y Y sin t of the vibrating base , we obtain the
equation
mz cz kz m 2Y sin t

The steady state solution z sin(t ) is then available as

m 2Y
k m

and tan

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2 2

(c )

k m 2

1
2

Y
n

2 2
2 2

2
n n

1
n

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It is evident then that the parameters involved are the frequency ratio and the
n
damping factor .Depending on the natural frequency we can have two different
instrument.
1. Seismometer - instrument with low natural frequency for
1

2 2 2
2

0 1

n
n
n

100, 0
n

100.015
r 100 0.0 100.493
high
For every frequency ratio we can write
z Y regardless of the value of damping
2. Accelerometer Instrument with high natural frequency
2

2
2

1 2
1 when
0
n n
n

2Y acceleration

n2
n2

Thus z becomes proportional to the acceleration of the motion to be measured with a

1
factor 2 .

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The useful range of range of accelerometer can be seen from magnified plot of
1

1 r 2 r
2 2

a useful frequency range 0 20Hz .

Sensitivity

charge/g
volt/g

0 r 0.2
Max Error = 0.01%

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Seismometer

Natural frequency between 1 Hz to 5 Hz and useful frequency range of 10 Hz to 2000 Hz.

Sensitivity 20 mv / cm / s to 350 mv/cm/s.

Accelerometer

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