Communication Obstacles in English

Cambodian University for Specialties
Faculty of Humanity and Linguistics
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
(Bernard L. Erven) said that Communication influence the effectiveness of the hiring
and training of employees, motivation of employees, providing daily instructions, performance
evaluations and the handling of discipline problems, it also affects the relationship among the
family members on the management team. Communication also affects the willingness of
employees to provide useful suggestion. Employees feelings a part of business requires
communication. In fact, for employees to make the important evaluation from the Worker to
Working managers requires effective communication between supervisors and employees. Of
course, an employee may be a complainer and share views to the point a supervisor silently beg
for less communication Much more common Is the need to better understand what and
employee is really thinking. Removing the barriers to communication is one of the easiest
ways to improve communication and all these start with an understanding of a communication
skill and the way they communicate day-to-day back home.
Communication barriers can prove to be a great problem as they make it difficult and
frustrating for people to communicate with each other and understand each others meanings.
Some of the barriers to effective interpersonal communication are: D.E. McFarland has defined
Communication as the process of meaningful interaction among human beings. More
specifically, it is the process by which meanings are perceived and understandings are reached
among human being. But there may be some faults/barriers in the communication system that
prevent the message from reaching the receiver, these barriers are as follows: on the other hand,
PMcrunch said that to excel in the process of interpersonal communications, we must hone our
skill in providing constructive criticism, especially for team leaders wherein they have to be
Overcoming Barriers to a successful communication
A report for a bachelor degree
mindful of the development of their team members, Expect many instances requiring
constructive criticism as part of our job function. Then result into the successful interpersonal
communication.
1.2 Statement of the problem

This study attempted to scrutinize and analyze the Barriers to successful interpersonal
communication. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. What are the models of interpersonal communication?
2. What are the common barriers to successful interpersonal communication?
3. What are the strategies to overcome these barriers?
1.3 Objectives of the study
This study will be significant in many ways:
1. To illustrate some models of interpersonal communication.
2. To identify the common barriers to successful interpersonal communication.
3. To describe the strategies to overcome these barriers.
1.4 Significance of the study
This study will be significant in many ways:
Firstly, this study will reveal the several models of interpersonal communicational
communication. This will help the communicators to get deep understanding these barriers, and
what are the advantages of them.
Moreover, the, communicate would clearly know in mind what are the strategies to
effective communication. Especially, they have been pointed out to solve the problems of the
communication toward the fruitful interpersonal communication.
Finally, this study will be beneficial to all the communication: especially the models,
The barriers and strategies that have been raised up in the research would gain the real
knowledge to the communication skills. It also provides some good points to measure what are
the opportunities that we have to implement for our own communication skill. And we could see
some barriers which usually occurred in communication and the effective recommendation
strategies to the successful; interpersonal communication.
1.5 Scope and delimitation of the study

This research report focused on mainly at scrutinizing the barriers to successful
interpersonal communication. To limit its scope, the study has concentrated particularly at
illustrating some models of interpersonal communication. It further delved into identifying the
common barriers to successful interpersonal communication. Family, the study ended by
describing the strategies to overcome these barriers.
1.6 Research Methodology

This study made use the of the exploratory research design in its attempt to answer the
given question raised earlier in the statement of the problem. Generally, made use of the
secondary data were also gathered from books, articles, magazines that were published in hard
copies as well as those found in the internet.
Chapter II
LITERARTURE REVIEW AND DISCUSSION
This chapter is presented in two parts: first, it present the review of the relevant
literature related to present study: and second. It discusses the answer to the research question
raised in the chapter 1,
2.1 Literature Review

2.1.1 Space Communication
Allyn
&
Bacon,
Download
from
www.pearsonhighered.com/samplechapter/0105353908. Pdf Said that. Speakers who stand close

to their listener, with their hand on the listeners shoulders
And their eyes focused directly on those of the listener. Communication something very different
from speakers who stand in a corner with arms folded and eyes downcast.
a. In intimate distance, ranging from actual touching to 18 inches, the presence of the
Other individual is unmistakable each person experience the sound. Smell and feel of the others
breathe. You use intimate distance for lovemaking, comforting, and protecting. This distance is
so short that most people dont consider it proper in publish.
b. Personal distance refers to the protective Bubble that defines your personal space,
Ranging from 18 inches to 4 feet, this imaginary bubble keeps you protected and untouched by
other .You can still hold or grasp another person at this distance, but only by extending your
arms; this allows you to take certain individual such as loved ones into your protective bubble.
At the outer limits of person distance, you can touch another person only if both of you extend
your arms. This is the distance at which you conduct most of your interpersonal interactions; for
example, taking with friend and family.
c. At social distance, Ranging from 4 to 12 feet. You lose the visual detail you have at
Personal distance, you conduct impersonal business and interact at social gathering at this social
distance. The more distance you maintain in your interaction, the more formal they appear, in
offices of high officials. The desks are positioned so the official is assured of at least this distance
from clients.
d. Publish distance. From 12 to more than 25 feet. Protects you. At this distance you
Could take defensive action if threatened, on a public bus or train, for example, you might keep
at least this distance from a drunken passenger. Although at this distance you lose fine details of
the face and eyes. You are still close enough to see what is happening.
2.1.2 Color Communication
There is some evidence that colors affect us physiologically, for example, respiratory
movements increase with red light and decrease with blue light. Similarly, eye blinks increase in
frequency when eyes are exposed to red light and decrease when exposed to blue. These
responses seem consistent with our intuitive feelings about blue being more soothing and red
more arousing. When a school changed the color of its walls from orange and white to blue, the
blood pressure of the students decreased and their academic performance increased. Peoples
acceptance of a product, for example, is largely determined by its packaging, especially its color.
In one study the very same coffee taken from a yellow can was described as weak, from a dark
brown can as too strong, from a red can as rich, and from a blue can as mild. Even your
acceptance of a person may depend on the colors he or she wears. Consider, for example, the
comments of one color expert; if you have to pick the wardrobe for your defense lawyer
heading into court and choose anything but blue, you deserve to lose the case. Black is so
powerful it could work against the lawyer with the jury. Brown lacks sufficient authority. Green
would probably elicit a negative response.
2.2 Discussion
According to the works of Davis fouler said that there are three models of the
communication process such as the followings: Shannons Model of the Communication
Process, Derivative Models of the Communication Process and A New Model of the
Communication Process.
2.2.1 Research Question 1 what are the models of interpersonal communication?
1. Shannons Model of the Communication Process,
In this model alone there are eight components. An information source, presumably a
person who creates a message, the message, which is both sent by the information source and
received by the destination, a transmitter, the simplest transmission system, which associated
with face-to-face communication, has at least two layers of transmission. The first, the mouth
(sound) and body (gesture), Create and modulate a signal. The second layer, which might also be
described as a channel, is built of the air (sound) and light (gesture) that enable the transmission
of those signals from one person to another. The signal, which flows through a channel, There
may be multiple parallel signals, as is the case in face-to-face interaction where sound and
gesture involve different signal systems that depend on different channels and modes of
transmission. There may be multiple serial signals, with sound and/or gesture turned into
electronic signals, radio waves, or words and pictures in a book. A carrier or channel, which is
represented by the small unlabeled box in the middle of the model, the as described above, the
most commonly used channels include air, light, electricity, radio waves, paper, and postal
systems, there may be multiple channels associated with the multiple layers of transmission, as
described above. Noise, in the form of secondary signals that obscure or confuse the signal
carried. Today we have at least some media which are so noise free that compressed signals are
constructed with an absolutely minimal amount information and little likelihood of signal loss. A
receiver, in Shannons conception, the receiving telephone instrument, in face to face
communication a set of ears (sound) and eyes (gesture), in television, several layers of receiver,
including an antenna and a television set. A
Destination, presumably a person who a television set, a destination, Presumable a

person who consumes and processes the message
Shannons (1948) Model of the communication Process.
INFORMATION
TRANSMIISTER
RECEIVER
DESTINATION
SOURCE
SIGNAL
RECETVED
SIGNAL
MESSAGE
MESSAGE
NOISE
SOURCE
2. Derivative Models of the Communication Process.

An intermediary Model
Speaker
Gatekeeper
Audience
This model, which is frequently depicted in introductory texts in mass communication,

focused on the important role that intermediaries often play in the communication process. Many
of these intermediaries have the ability to decide what messages others see, the context in which
they are seen, and when they see them.
An Interactive Model
INFORMATION
SOURCE
TRANSMITTER
RECETVER
SIGNAL
DESTINATION
RECEIVED
SIGNAL
MESSAGE
MESSAGE
NOISE
SOURCE
FEEDBACK
The interactive model, a variant of Shannons model with the cybernetic concept of
feedback, often the key concept associated with this elaboration is that destinations provide
feedback on the messages they receive such that the information sources can adapt their
messages, in real time, this is an important elaboration, and as generally depicted, a radically
oversimplified one. Feedback is a message (or a set of messages). The source of feedback is an
information source. The consumer of feedback is a destination. Feedback is transmitted,
received, and potentially disrupt able via noise sources. None of this is visible in the typical
depiction of the interactive model. It is useful, however, to notice that the interactive model
depicts feedback at a much higher level of abstraction than it does messages.
A Transactional Model:
This model acknowledges neither creators nor consumers of messages, preferring to

label the people associated with the model as communicators who both create and consume
messages. The model presumes additional symmetries as well, with each participant creating
messages that are received by the other communicator. This is, in many ways, an excellent model
of the face-to-face interactive process which extends readily to any interactive medium that
provides users with symmetrical interfaces for creation and consumption of messages.
3. New Model of the Communication Process.
A Ecological Model of the Communication Process
A number of relationships are described in this model: Messages are created and
consumed using language. Language occurs within the context of media. Messages are
constructed and consumed within the context of media. The roles of consumer and creator are
reflexive. People become creators when they reply or supply feedback to other people. Creators
become consumers when they make use of feedback to adapt their messages to message
consumers. People learn how to create messages through the act of consuming other people
10
messages. The roles of consumer and creator are introspective. Creators of messages create
messages within the context of their perspectives of and relationships with anticipated consumers
of messages. Creators optimize their messages to their target audiences. Consumers of messages
interpret those messages within the context of their perspectives of, and relationships with,
creators of messages. Consumers make attributions of meaning based on their pinion of the
message creator. People from these perspectives and relationships as a function of their
communication, the messages creators of messages construct are necessarily imperfect
representations of the meaning they imagine. Messages are created within the expressive
limitations of the medium selected and the meaning representation space provided by the
language used. The message created is almost always a partial and imperfect representation of
what the creator would like to say. A consumers interpretation of messages necessarily attributes
meaning imperfectly. Consumers interpret messages within the limits of the languages used and
the media those languages are used in. A consumers interpretation of a message may be very
different than what the creator of a message imagined. People learn language by through the
experience of encountering language being used within media. The languages they learn will
almost always be the languages when communicating with people who already know and use
those languages. That communication always occurs within a medium that enables those
languages. People learn media by using media. The media they learn will necessarily be the
media used by the people they communicate with. People invent and evolve languages. While
some behavior expressions ( a babys cry) occur naturally and some aspects of language structure
may mirror the ways in which the brain structures ideas, language does not occur naturally.
People invent new language when there is no language that they can be socialized into. People
evolve language when they need to communicate ideas that existing language is not sufficient to.
People in vent and evolve media while some of the modalities and channels associated with
communication are naturally occurring, the media we use to communicate are not.
11
In the site http//www.greatcom.org/resources/tell it often tells it well/chap 17/default.

Htm Models can help give us insight into what is going on in the world of communication as we
share the gospel. Look at two models that shed helpful light on interpersonal communication and
make some applications to our task of communicating.
THE SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL
INFORMATION
TANSMITTER
RECERVEN
OESTINATION
SIGNAL
MASSAGE
MESSAGE
12
The Shannon-Weaver model can be applied readily to all conversations and, in our case,
is very helpful in understanding the dynamics of the evangelistic encounter. This model is
especially helpful in two areas. First, it is concerned with message fidelity-the degree to which a
message is received and interpreted as it was intended. Second. It addresses the role of noise or
static that may interfere with the fidelity of the message. It is obvious that such a model can be
helpful to the evangelist who desires to communicate the gospel accurately.
Basic Communication
Source
Message
Respondent
Model
1. The information Source. There is sense in which we are only a secondary source, God
being the primary source/initiator of the entire process of communicating the gospel. Thus, we
communicate only because He has first communicated through Christ. 2. Encoding
(Transmitting) the Signal; the source encodes the message. This means to put the message into
some kind of coded system for the benefit of the respondent (listener). 3. The Message it is the
specific information concerning the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ and His offer of love
and forgiveness to sinners. 4 Noise Source there are at least four sources of noise that hamper the
transmission of the gospel from person to person. (1) Cultural noise. This comes in the form of
cultural misconceptions and negative input that directly distort the understanding of the gospel
by the listener. (2) Theological noise. (3). Personal noise. (4) Spiritual noise 5. Decoding Upon
hearing the message, the listener must interpret or decode it. So that he mentally grasps the
13
message in terms that are meaningful to him. Remember, listeners decode, or understand,
messages only in the framework of the presuppositions and assumptions of their personal world.
The source must encode and transmit the message with this is mind, 6. Feedback is the process
by which the listener becomes the source, encoding the information he has just received from
you. Then giving a message back to you that reflects the degree of his understanding. Feedback
is vital in evangelistic communication for at least four reasons.
FEEDBACK MODEL
MONOLOGUE one-way flow of information
Feedback
DIALOGUE- two-way flow of information
Feedback encouraged
(1)An emphasis on feedback ensures a dialogue, a two-way process of honest interaction, instead
of a monologue, a one-way flow of information. (2) Feedback can help you improve the
accuracy of your message transmission. (3) Feedback can help you keep the conversation
personally relevant to the listener. The communicator who is committed to effectiveness will
place a high priority on encouraging and interpreting feedback. (4) To rob the listener of the
opportunity for feedback is tantamount to saying, I dont care what you think about this, just let
me talk. this attitude not only hinders the evangelist from accurately handling the word of truth,
but also insults the listeners personhood. We must respond to the listener as an individual and
relate the value of his life situation, speaking to any barriers to his full understanding of the
personal implications of the notions.
14
2.2.2 Research Question 2 what are the common barriers to successful interpersonal
communication?
According to Bernard L. Erven stated that the barriers to communication are 1. Muddled
messages are a barrier to communication because the sender leaves the receiver unclear about the
intent of the sender. They have many causes. The sender may be confused in his or her thinking.
The message may be little more than a vague idea. Clarifying muddled messages is the
responsibility of the sender. The sender hoping the receiver will figure out the message does little
to remove this barrier to communication. 2. Stereotyping causes us to typify a person, a group,
an event or a thing on oversimplified conceptions, beliefs, or opinions. Stereotyping can
substitute for thinking, analysis and open mindedness to a new situation. Stereotyping is a barrier
to communication when it causes people to act as if they already know the message that is
coming from the sender. Both senders and listeners should continuously look for and address
thinking, conclusions and actions based on stereotypes. 3. Wrong channel Good morning. An
oral channel for this message is highly appropriate. Writing GOOD MORNING! on a
chalkboard in the machine shed is less effective than a warm oral greeting. On the other hand, a
detailed request to a contractor for construction of a farrowing house should be in writing, i.e.,
non-oral. A long conversation between a pork producer and a contractor about the farrowing
house construction, whit neither taking notes, surly will result in confusion and
misunderstanding. These simple examples illustrate how the wrong channel can be a barrier to
communication. 4. Language-Words are no reality. Words as the sender understands them are
combined with the perceptions of those words by the receiver, Language represents only part of
the whole, and we fill in the rest with perceptions. Each new employee needs to be taught the
language of the organization, 5. Lack of feedback each new employee need to be taught the
language of the organization, Lack of feedback-Feedback is the mirror of communication.
Feedback mirrors what the sender has sent. Feedback is the receiver sending back to the sender
the message as perceived. Without feedback, communication is one-way Both sender and
15
receiver can play an active role in using feedback to make communication truly two-way
Feedback should be helpful rather than hurtful. Prompt feedback is more effective that feedback
saved up until the right moment. Feedback should deal in specifics rather than generalities.
Approach feedback as a problem in perception rather than a problem of discovering the facts, 6
Poor listening skills-Listening is difficult. A typical speaker says about 125 words per minute.
The typical listener can receive 400-600 words per minute. Thus, about 75 percent of listening
time is free time. The free time often sidetracks the listener. The solution is to be an active rather
than passive listener. Providing feedback is the most important active listening skill, Ask
questions. Nod in agreement. Look the person straight in the eye. Lean forward. Be an animated
listener.
Focus on what the other person is saying. Repeat key points. 7 Interruptions the
interruptions may be due to something more pressing, rudeness, lack of privacy for discussion, a
drop-in visitor, an emergency, or even the curiosity of someone else wanting to know what two
other people are saying, Regardless of the cause, interruptions are a barrier to communication, in
the extreme, there is a reluctance of employees and family members even to attempt discussion
with a manager because of the near certainty that the conversation will be interrupted. Less
extreme but serious is the problem of incomplete instructions because someone came by with a
pressing question. 8. Physical distractions. Two people talking facing each other without a desk
or truck-door between them have a much more open and personal sense of communication.
Uncomfortable meeting places may include a place on the farm that is too hot or too cold.
Another example is a meeting room with uncomfortable chairs that soon cause people to want to
stand even if it means cutting short the discussion. Noise is a physical distraction simply because
it is hard to concentrate on a conversation if hearing is difficult.
According to D.E. Mc Farmland has defined Seven Barriers Overcoming to Successful
interpersonal Communication.1-language Barrier is the misunderstanding of the concepts that
have been spread in the area of communication, this could be the result from the different
16
language, vocabulary, accent, dialect represents a national and regional barriers. The use of
inappropriate or difficult words, poorly explained could result in the confusion.
2-Cultural Barriers: Cultures provide people with ways of thinkingways of seeing, hearing,
and interpreting the world, thus the same words can mean different things to people from
different cultures, even when they talk the same language. When the languages are different,
and translation has to be used to communicate, the potential for misunderstandings increases. All
of these differences tend to lead to communication problems. 3-individual Barrier-Good
communication is an important ingredient for business success. However, there are a number of
barriers to communication that employees experience on an individual level, whether it has to do
with perceptions of their own skills and abilities or a reaction to the personalities and values of
those around them. 4-Organizational Barrier-it includes Poor Organizations culture, climate,
stringent rules, regulations, status, relationship, complexity, inadequate facilities/opportunities of
growth and improvement; whereas; the nature of the internal and external environment like large
working areas physically separated from others, poor lightening, staff shortage, outdated
equipments and background noise are Physical Organization Barrier. 5-interpersonal Barriers
from Employers are:-Lack of Trust in employees; Lack of Knowledge of non-verbal clues like
facial expression, body language, gestures, postures, eye contact; different experiences; shortage
of time for employees; no consideration for employee needs; wish to capture authority; fear of
losing power of control; bypassing and informational overloading, while Barriers from
Employees includes Lack of Motivation, Lack of co-operation, trust, fear of penalty and poor
relationship with the employer. 6 Attitudinal Barrier:-it comes about as a result of problems with
staff in the organization. Limitation in physical and mental ability, intelligence, understanding,
pre-conceived notions, and distrusted source divides the attention and create a mechanical barrier
which affects the attitude and opinion. 7-Channel Barrier-if the length of the communication is
long, or the medium selected is inappropriate, the communication might break up; it can also be
a result of the inter-personal conflicts between the sender and receiver: lack of interest to
17
communicate; information sharing or access problems which can hamper the channel and affect
the clarity, accuracy and effectiveness.
According to the research from the site http://www.blurtit.com/q227144.html, some of
the barriers to effective interpersonal communication are the followings: Physical barriers can be
the difference in territories, closed doors, and people separated from each other by physical
distances. These barriers make it difficult for people to get to know each other and communicate
in a free and easy manner. Perception is another barrier because everyone has their own views
about the world and things. So the difference of their understanding and thinking can be a barrier.
Emotions also act as a barrier because while people are emotional, they dont think clearly and
this makes communication difficult as one person might have suspicion, mistrust, fear or any
other emotion. Culture determines peoples behavioral patterns. Varying cultures can be a barrier
to effective communication. Language is also another major barrier because if all the people
involved in communication dont speak or know the same language, it can be difficult to
communicate the message. Another barrier to communication is gender because people think
differently about communicating with men and women in relation to logic and emotions. So this
can act as a barrier.
Eric Garner downloads from http://www.hodu.com/barriers.shtml. The common barriers
to successful interpersonal communication are 1. Physical barriers such as marked out territories,
empires and fiefdoms into which strangers are not allowed, closed office doors, barrier screens,
separate areas for people of different status, large working areas or working in one unit that is
physically separate from others. 2. Perceptual barriers the problem with communicating with
others is that we all see the world differently. If we didnt, we would have no need to
communicate: something like extrasensory perception would take its place.
3. Emotional barriers one of the chief barriers to open and free communications is the emotional
barrier. It is comprised mainly of fear, mistrust and suspicion. The roots of our emotional
mistrust of others lie in our childhood and infancy when we were taught to be careful what we
18
said to others. 4. Cultural barriers When we join a group and wish to remain in it, sooner or later
we need to adopt the behavior patterns of the group. These are the behaviors that the group
accepts as signs of belonging. 5. Language barriers Language that describes what we want to say
in our terms may present barriers to others who are not familiar with our expressions, buzzwords and jargon. When we couch our communication in such language, it is a way of excluding
others. 6. Gender barriers there are distinct differences between the speech patterns in a man and
those in a woman. A woman speaks between 22,000 and 25,000 words a day whereas a man
speaks between 7,000 and 10,000. In childhood, girls speak earlier than boys and at the age of
three, have a vocabulary twice that of boys. 7 interpersonal barriers: There are six levels at which
people can distance themselves from one another: Withdrawal is an absence of interpersonal
contact; it is both refusals to be in touch and time alone. Rituals are meaningless, repetitive
routines devoid of real contact. Pastimes fill up time with others in social but superficial
activities. Working activities are those tasks which follow the rules and procedures of contact but
no more. Games are subtle, manipulative interactions which are about winning and losing, They
include rackets and stamps, Closeness I she aim of interpersonal contact where there is a
high level of honesty and acceptance of yourself and others,
According to Noreen Wainwright, eHow Contributor updated: November 29, 2010.
Download
from
http://www.ehow
.com/list
_7422303_
barriers-effective-interpersonal
commnications.html; it is important to be aware of all the possible barriers to communication,

and to consider how these can be overcome, so that effective interaction can take place either in
business or at a personal level, the barriers are Psychological Barriers, psychological barriers
may include shyness or embarrassment. Sometimes, a person may present herself as being abrupt
or difficult when she may actually be nervous. One persons stereotyped views of the other party
or the group he belongs to may also provide a barrier to communication, if she is already
prejudiced before meeting him, this will cause a barrier, Cultural Barriers, Acceptable styles of
communication vary between cultures, in some societies physical gestures are extravagant, and
19
touch is more acceptable, in these societies, it is generally acceptable to hug and a persons arm
when you are speaking to him. In other societies this would be unacceptable, Language Barriers,
A communication barrier may be present because the parties do not share a common language,
interpreters and translators may be used to good effect in these circumstances. If a person is deaf
or visually impaired, this presents an obvious barrier that needs to be addressed prior to the
meeting. Speech impediments or dysphasia as a result of a stroke or other brain problem can
present a barrier. The use of jargon and over-complicated language creates barriers to
communication. Environmental Barriers, Environmental barriers to communication can include
noise and lack of privacy, an environment which is too hot or cold will not be conducive to
effective communication, and some places of business are busy with many distractions, such as
constantly ringing telephones and other messaging systems.
The article download from http://www.articlesbase.com / relationships-articles/12barriers-to-effective-communication-beware-of-these-relationship-killers-752778.html; there are
7 of 12 barriers to effective communication that destroys any type of relationship. 1. Criticizing.
Criticism involves judgmental states that usually put down a person. Dont do it that way,
Youre wrong, Youre not very good at, and You need to lose weight are a few simple
criticisms. We think criticism changes people, though it only reveals our own problems. Kill this
barrier before it kills your relationship. 2. Labeling is a barrier to communication because it
categorizes people. It assumes people to have characteristics and destroys uniqueness that makes
an enjoyable relationship.3. Diagnosing, A diagnosis is one of the more complex barriers to
effective communication. It involves reading into a persons behavior. 4. Praising. People are
always surprised when they hear praise is a communication barrier. Praise is not always a barrier
because it depends on how it is given. Praise is so often poorly given as it makes peopleespecially children-dependent on receiving verbal rewards, learn to praise a persons behavior,
and be specific. To avoid evaluative praise and making people dependent on your praise, 5
ordering, orders are controlling statements to get people doing something, 6 threatening. A threat
20
is similar to an order. Except it has emphasis on punishment. Threats create fear, temporary
results, and resentment-while killing a relationship, 7. Questioning, like praise, there are types of
questioning that make it a roadblock to good relationship communication. Rhetorical questions is
one common form of poor questioning,
2.2.3 Research Question 3 what are the strategies to overcome these barriers?
There are ten strategies that have been raised up by Kate Berardo the strategies to
overcoming in the language barriers: 1. Speak slowly and clearly-focus on clearly pronunciation
and slow down your speech, although you have less time in communication; dont rush through
your communication. You will spend large time, as misunderstanding and miscommunication
could results and you have to spend additional time to clean up the confusion.2. Ask for
clarification-when you are not sure what they have said, politely ask for explanation, and avoid
assuming you have said.
3. Frequent check for understanding-check for what you have understood and what somebody
said, to make sure the two ways processes are accuracy. 4. Avoid idioms-we have to determine
the language before use them in the communication, and be flexible in using the appropriate
language depends on the situation that communication take place. 5. Be careful of jargon-watch
core of the use ICs) interpersonal communications) and other organizational language that have
not understood by other, and when you want to use them, you should provide the full words and
the parentheses so the other could make use of that word from you. 6. Define the basic for
business-provide the conceptual language depend on the language terms that have been used in
the environments. 7. Be specific-point out clearly to your expectation or prospection effectivelycareful and flexible use the form of your communications, make use of the form that have
advantage to the time of your communication right at the communication needed.9. Provide
information via multiple channels-follow phone calls with emails that summarize whats been
said. When possible, provide presentations, agendas, etc. in advance so those working in their
21
non-native language can get familiar with materials. 10. Be patient-cross-communication take
more time. So be patient on the speed of understanding from someone not from your culture.
According to PMcrunch Overcoming these barriers only takes four steps to observe and
follow and form into a habit: 1. Use Simple words to convey the Message. Say simple structure
sentences that will be easy to understand. Everyone hates to decipher spoken words, reserve the
deciphering to the writing and when speaking, keep it simple and easy to understand. In a work
environment, can use word jargons to be able to understand each other using simple words or
acronyms. Aside from this, the use of specialized acronyms will create a special bond that only
the team will be able to understand.
2. Learn the Art of Listening. We say art because not everyone can do this. To master the art of
listening, try these tips: a. listen attentively when we say listen, we mean to hear and understand.
The speaker will know if the person he is speaking to is listening or not by randomly asking
indirect questions about what he just said. But if he learns that the receiver was able to
understand what he has just conveyed, then the process of interpersonal communication is a
success. B. Listen proactively-when two persons are communicating with each other, an effective
process of interpersonal communication will require the use of asking questions while the other
person is speaking. This will make the conversation richer and more interesting. Also, asking
questions will keep the conversation in the right direction.3, keeping Composure while
communicating. Keeping your composure while talking or negotiating with a business partner
will maintain a mysterious air while at the same time keep you on the right track towards your
goal. When you are in a casual conversation, however, showing some emotions can be helpful to
build rapport to the one you are talking to showing emotions will let the other person know that
you have sympathy and compassion towards him and definitely are signs of genuine interest.4,
Constructive Criticism. Both the sender and receiver of communications may use feedback for
effective interpersonal communication. If used by the sender, it will be in the form of a question
22
such as Did you understand what I have just said? while when used by the receiver, it can be in
the form of a remark or a statement such as, what a wonderful speech! when making a
constructive criticism, be sure to say it only within the earshot of your subject. Remember, a
constructive criticism for you can be misconstrued as a negative feedback.
According to Peter Murphy said that useful skills for making sure we have really
effective interpersonal communication are: 1. Refer to our listener by name. This makes people
feel valued and appreciated; it also ensures that they know that we are talking specifically to
them; it alerts them to that fact and encourages them to concentrate upon our message. If they are
listening more closely to us, we are more likely to be understood. 2. Adapt your message to your
listener (s). The message may have to be conveyed differently according to the role and status of
the listener, as their level of understanding. Different parts of our message will hold special
importance for certain groups of people so we may want to adapt our message so that these
things are emphasized for a particular group. Making our message relevant to our audience is
just the hook we will need to make people start listening to us.3. the call to action may differ
according to who our audience members are, because everyone has different responsibilities. If
we have something that we want our audience to do after listening to us, be explicit about this;
make it clear what we want them to do, without being too dictatorial about it.4. Make sure we
include all the information that is necessary in order to make ourselves and our message
understood. If we can repeat our message and illustrate it in different ways, so much the better,
as members of our audience will all understand things in different ways.5. A void jumping to
early conclusions, Listen to the whole message first if we are not the one doing the main talking.
If we think we have the idea of the conversation very early on, often we will find that we will
switch off or at least not listen so attentively to the rest of the message and this is one area where
mistakes are often made.6. Be aware of any assumptions we are making; are they correct? Will
our audience understand our assumptions, for effective communication? You should always try
to judge how we are being interpreted by others too. Ask questions and mirror back what people
23
seem to be saying to us, paraphrased, so that we can check that we have the correct
understanding. 7. own our message, using terms such as I and my; this makes your
communication sound more genuine and sincere. 8. Learn to express our feelings as that can
make them clearer to you as well as to other people.
According to Daniella Lauren, said that Leaning a few techniques or using proper
preparation can help individuals tailor their communication in a way that provides focus and
improves the message.1. Select the right channel. Many communication channels exist, although
they are not all appropriate to use. For example, saying Good morning through an e-mail is
much less personable than saying it face-to-face. 2. Use the right language when sending
messages. Receiving audiences may have different backgrounds. Using the right tone and words
can help avoid sending a technical message to an audience unfamiliar with technical terms.3.
Engage in active listening. Rather than focusing on how to reply to the person when listening or
reading message, effective communicators will actively listen first and then formulate their
response.4. a void confusing nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication includes
your physical reactions when sending or receiving a message. Other parties may be confused
when nonverbal language suggests the sender or listener does not care about the message.5. Seek
feedback. Feedback allows for the clarification of messages as needed. This also helps improve
future communication because senders will know which barriers exist with certain receivers.
24
Chapter III
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATONS
This chapter presents the conclusions and recommendations made as set forth by the study.
3.1 Conclusions
The study reveals the models, the barriers and the strategies of the interpersonal
communication, which can be categorized as the following: Models of interpersonal
communication that have been raised up by Davis Foulger there are three models of the
communication process such as the followings: Shannons Model of the Communication process,
derivative model of the communication process and A new model of the communication process.
Furthermore to the models: in the site http://www.greatcom.org/resources/tell it often tell it
well/chap17/default.htm
Provided two models that shed helpful light on interpersonal communication, the Shannonweaver model and feedback model,
According to Bernard L. Erven stated that the barriers to communication are: 1.
Muddled messages 2, Stereotyping 3. Wrong channel 4, Language 5. Lack of feedback 6, Poor
listening skills 7, interruptions8, Physical distractions, and D.E. McFarland provided that the
barriers are, language Barrier, cultural Barriers, individual Barrier, organizational Barrier,
interpersonal Barrier, Attitudinal Barrier and Channel Barrier, Moreover to the barriers, the
research from the site http://www.blurtit.com/q227144.html. Some of the barriers to effective
interpersonal communication are the followings physical barriers, perception, emotions, culture,
language and gender.
In addition to the barriers, the work of Noreen Wainwright, these are Psychological
Barriers, Cultural Barriers, language Barriers and Environmental Barriers, and the article
download
from
http://www.artielesbase.com/relationships-artieles/12-barriers-to-effective-
25
communication-beware-of-these-relationship-killers-752778.html; there are 7 of barriers to

effective communication that destroys any type of relationship1, Criticizing, 2, Labeling, 3
Diagnosing 4, Praising, 5, Ordering, 7, Questioning.
The strategies to overcoming these barriers; the language barriers provided by Kate
Berardo, are: 1. Speak slowly and clearly, 2, Ask for clarification, 3, Frequent check for
understanding, 4, A void idioms, 5, Be careful of jargon, 6, Define the basic for business, 7, Be
specific, 8, choose your medium of communization effectively, 9, provide information via
multiple channels and 10, Be patient.
Moreover to the strategies, the work of PMcrunch, strategies for barriers only takes four
steps 1, Use Simple Words to Convey the Message, 2, Learn the Art of Listening, 3 Keeping
Composure while communicating, 4, Constructive Criticism, Add to these strategies, the works
Peter Murphy said that useful skills for making sure we have really effective interpersonal
Communication are: 1. Refer to our listener by name, 2. Adapt your message to your listener (s),
3. The call to action may differ according to who our audience members are, 4, Kame sure we
include all the information that is necessary, 5, Avoid jumping to early conclusions, 6, Be aware
of any assumptions we are making 7, own our message, and 8. Learn to express our feelings;
Moreover to the points, Daniella Lauren, said that earning a few techniques or using
proper preparation can help individuals tailor their communication such as: 1, select the right
channel. 2. Use the right language 3, Engage in active listening. 4 Avoid confusing nonverbal
communication, 5. Seek feedback.
26
3.2 Recommendations
In consideration of the study set forth in this study, and the conclusion made from
discussion the following recommendations are hereby set forward.
1. Finding this study should be shared to all communicators so that they become aware
of the models, the barriers and the various strategies for communication, especially; to the
interpersonal communication, hereby allowing them to become more effective in the delivery of
their messages to their partners.
2. Consideration the need for communication especially to the interpersonal
communication, finding of this should be shared by such working institution if they with their
partners to improve their knowledge and develop their practical skills in the very important area
of interpersonal communication.
27
REFERENCES
An interpersonal Communication Model, Download from
http://www.greatcom.org/resorces / tell it often tell it well/chap17/default.htm
Bernard L. Erven Department of agricultural, environmental, and development Economic Ohio
State University download from
http://aede.osu.edu/people/erven.1/HRM/communication.pdf
Daniella Lauren, eHow Contributor updated: December 06.2010
Download from, http://www.ehow.com/how 7454190 overcome-barriers-interpersoanlcommunication.html
Davis Foulger Research Consultant Evolutionary Media*Adjunct Associate Professor Brooklyn
College/CUNY Download from,
http://davis.foulger.info/research/unifiedModel Of Communication.htm
Eric Garner download from, http://www.hodu.com/varrier.shtml
http://www.pearsonhighered.com/samplechapter/0205353908.pdf
http://www.blurtit.com/q227144.html
http://www.ehow.com/info_7930361_brriers-effective-interpersonal-interactions.html
http://ww.articlesbase.com/relationships-articles/12-barriers-to-effective-communication-bewareof-these-relationship-killers-752778.html
http://www.ehow.com/list_7422303_barriers-effective-interpersonal-communication.html
Kate
Berar do download from

http://www.culturosity.com/pdfs/10%20Strategies%20Overcoing%20Language
%20Barriers.pdf
Models of interpersonal Communication download from
http://www.es.emu.edu/sfussell/pubs/Manuseripts/Comm_Models.pdf
28
Peter
Murphy
Download
from,
http://ezinearticles.com/?8-simple-Ways-to-Effective-
interpersoanl-Communication&id=780318
PMcrunch Fresh perspectives on the world of project management, Download
From, http://pmerunch.com/soft_skills /the -process-of-interpersonal-communication-4ways-to-overcome-interpersoanl-communication-barriers
Rupal Jain Download from, http://ezinearticles.com/? The-Barriers-to-Effective-Communication
&id=1210011
29
30
31

Communication Obstacles in English

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Communication Obstacles in English

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Cambodian University for Specialties

Faculty of Humanity and Linguistics

A report for a bachelor degree

Cambodian University for Specialties

Faculty of Humanity and Linguistics

1.2 Statement of the problem

A report for a bachelor degree

Cambodian University for Specialties

Faculty of Humanity and Linguistics

1.5 Scope and delimitation of the study

1.6 Research Methodology

Overcoming Barriers to a successful communication

A report for a bachelor degree

Cambodian University for Specialties

Faculty of Humanity and Linguistics

2.1 Literature Review

www.pearsonhighered.com/samplechapter/0105353908. Pdf Said that. Speakers who stand close

Overcoming Barriers to a successful communication

A report for a bachelor degree

Cambodian University for Specialties

Faculty of Humanity and Linguistics

A report for a bachelor degree

Cambodian University for Specialties

Faculty of Humanity and Linguistics

A report for a bachelor degree

Cambodian University for Specialties

Overcoming Barriers to a successful communication

Faculty of Humanity and Linguistics

A report for a bachelor degree

Cambodian University for Specialties

Faculty of Humanity and Linguistics

Destination, presumably a person who a television set, a destination, Presumable a

2. Derivative Models of the Communication Process.

This model, which is frequently depicted in introductory texts in mass communication,

Overcoming Barriers to a successful communication

A report for a bachelor degree

Cambodian University for Specialties

Overcoming Barriers to a successful communication

Faculty of Humanity and Linguistics

A report for a bachelor degree

Cambodian University for Specialties

Faculty of Humanity and Linguistics

This model acknowledges neither creators nor consumers of messages, preferring to

A report for a bachelor degree

Cambodian University for Specialties

Faculty of Humanity and Linguistics

Overcoming Barriers to a successful communication

A report for a bachelor degree

Cambodian University for Specialties

Faculty of Humanity and Linguistics

In the site http//www.greatcom.org/resources/tell it often tells it well/chap 17/default.

THE SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL

Overcoming Barriers to a successful communication

A report for a bachelor degree

Cambodian University for Specialties

Faculty of Humanity and Linguistics

A report for a bachelor degree

Cambodian University for Specialties

Faculty of Humanity and Linguistics

Overcoming Barriers to a successful communication

A report for a bachelor degree

Cambodian University for Specialties

Faculty of Humanity and Linguistics

A report for a bachelor degree