INTRODUCTION

Long from ancient period man has been amused by the birds flying in the sky
and has made indefinite number of attempts to fly in the sky. Planes and
helicopters are such an example of mans efforts to fly in the sky.
ORNITHOPTER is a machine which flys in the sky by replicating the flapping
motion of the birds.
In this following article an attempt has been made to create a mechanism to
replicate the flapping mechanism of birds.

ORNITHOPTER is a machine which replicates the flapping wing mechanism of

birds to create thrust force to fly in the sky.

An ornithopter being similar to birds in shape as well as motion it can be used in

high security areas for surveillance. Being similar to birds an ornithopter can
easily pass thorough these regions without creating much of an attention.
PARTS
An ORNITHOPTER mainly consists of parts mainly:
1.
2.
3.
4.

BODY
WINGS
CONNECTING RODS
PRIME MOVER

DETAILS
1 BODY: Body is the main frame on an ORNITHOPTER which holds all other
functional and static parts onto it. It should be strong enough to withstand the
static and dynamic loads acting on the ORNITHOPTER.
2. WINGS: These are the part of an ORNITHOPTER which create thrust and lift
needed for the flying. It should be flexible enough to create an angle of attack.
3. CONNECTING ROD: This is the part which transmits the motion from a prime
mover to the wings. It is that linkage which converts the rotatory motion of prime
mover into reciprocating motion of the wings.
4. PRIME MOVER: In this case a prime mover is rotating device which rotates
about a fixed axis. This rotatory motion is later converted into reciprocating
motion of the wings, which in turn creates the thrust needed to fly.

SKETCHES
1. BODY: It is the main frame on an ORNITHOPTER which holds all other
functional and static parts onto it.

PIC: BODY

2. WINGS: These are the part of an ORNITHOPTER which create thrust and

lift needed for the flying.

PIC: LEFT WING

PIC: RIGHT WING

3. CONNECTING ROD: This is the part which transmits the motion from

aprime mover to the wings.

PIC: CONNECTING ROD

4. ROTOR: In this case a prime mover is rotating device which rotates about

a fixed axis.

PIC: ROTOR
5. ASSEMBLY: the final assembly of the parts is done to the body of

ORNITHOPTER.
PIC: ASSEMBLY

MATHEMATICAL
A FOUR-BAR linkage is the simplest movable closed chain linkage. It consists of
four linkages in a closed loop mainly by four revolute joints. It is a constrained
motion because of its single degree of freedom
GRASHOFS PRINCIPLE:
The Grashofs condition for a four bar linkage states that if the sum of the
shortest and longest link of a planer quadrilateral linkage is less than or equal to
the sum of the remaining two links, then the shortest link can rotate fully with
respect to a neighbouring link(i.e. we will get a continuous motion).
S+LP+Q
Link 1= 43.1 mm(connecting rod)
Link 2= 26mm(fixed link)
Link 3=8mm(crank)
SHORTEST LINK
Link 4-=43.8mm(link) LONGEST LINK
LINK 3+ LINK 4< LINK1+ LINK2
51.86 < 69.86

EXPLODED VIEW