Christianni Bless Bati

Ericka Cabreza
10 Del Pilar

Force, Motion, and Energy

1. Describe how radio signals are generated, transmitted, and received.

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2.Electromagnetic induction
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3. How radio communication devices work?

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4. Oersteds discovery
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5. Electromagnetic wave
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Oct.10, 2016

6. Beneficial effects of electromagnetic radiators

A: Electromagnetic therapy is thought to restore the electricity and magnetic energy
that naturally exist in the human body. This is purportedly accomplished by correcting
energy imbalances that result in the chemical and physiological illness.
A 2006 study by Lee et al. found that pulsed electromagnetic therapy was effective in
treating symptoms of back pain. However, a 2006 review article of several clinical trials
by McCarthy et al. showed no significant reduction in pain related to knee osteoarthritis
when electromagnetic therapy was given to patients..
A study published in 2005 by Ozguner et al. concluded that potentially dangerous
reactions to electromagnetic radiation, such as free radical induced tissue damage,
occurred less when animals in close proximity to cellular phones were given a novel
antioxidant, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, one of the major components of honeybee
propolis. These results encourage further investigation into the role that antioxidants
may play in protection against electromagnetic radiation.

7. Type of radiation and its effect on living things

A: UV radiation from the sun has always played important roles in our environment, and
affects nearly all living organisms. Biological actions of many kinds have evolved to deal
with it. Yet UV radiation at different wavelengths differs in its effects, and we have to live
with the harmful effects as well as the helpful ones. Radiation at the longer UV
wavelengths of 320-400 nm, called UV-A, plays a helpful and essential role in formation
of Vitamin D by the skin, and plays a harmful role in that it causes sunburn on human
skin and cataracts in our eyes. The incoming radiation at shorter wavelengths, 290-320
nm, falls within the UV-B part of the electromagnetic spectrum. (UV-B includes light with
wavelengths down to 280 nm, but little to no radiation below 290 nm reaches the Earths
surface). UV-B causes damage at the molecular level to the fundamental building block
of life deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
But living cells are smart. Over millions of years of evolving in the presence of UV-B
radiation, cells have developed the ability to repair DNA. A special enzyme arrives at the
damage site, removes the damaged section of DNA, and replaces it with the proper
components (based on information elsewhere on the DNA molecule). This makes DNA
somewhat resilient to damage by UV-B.

8. Radioactive substances
A: A radioactive substance is unstable and produces dangerous kinds of radiation. It is
unstable because the strong nuclear force that holds the nucleus of the atom together is
not balanced with the electric force that wants to push it apart. Because it's unstable,
the atoms will decay into more stable ones.

9. examples of index of refraction, internal reflection, defraction, interference and

polarization properties
A: The index of refraction is related to the physical structure of the medium through
which light is passing. For this reason, the index of refraction is a characteristic of
substances that can be employed in identifying unknowns. Index of refraction can be
calculated if the structure of a compound is known, or the refractive index can be
experimentally determined.
internal reflection, or TIR as it is intimately called, is the reflection of the total amount of
incident light at the boundary between two media.
Diffraction is the process by which a beam of light or other system of waves is spread
out as a result of passing through a narrow aperture or across an edge, typically
accompanied by interference between the wave forms produced.

10. Optical devices

A: Optical devices include magnifying lenses, spectacles, binoculars, microscopes,
telescopes and lasers. Optical devices manipulate light waves to aid in viewing or
analyzing those waves to determine properties of the object in view.

11. comparison between human eye and camera

A: Lens - Both the camera and the human eye have a lens that focuses light into an
inverted image. One major difference between the two lenses, though, is that while a
camera lens moves closer or farther from an object in order to bring it into focus, the
lens of the human eye stay stationary. To bring an object into focus, muscles in the eye
respond to instructions from the brain and change the shape of the lens, thus
sharpening the image.
Retina (Film or Sensor) - Additionally, the eye's retina is like a camera's film or sensor
onto which light is cast. In the eye, light passes through the lens and hits the retina,
where rods and cones help transform the received image into electric impulses that are
sent along the optic nerve to the brain. While both the retina and a camera's film or
sensor are all highly sensitive to light, the eye is much more so, and performs much
better in the dark -- even without a flash.
Iris (Aperture) - To allow the right amount of light, both the eye and a camera have an
aperture. The eye's version is its iris working together with the pupil, which, just like a
camera aperture, widens or narrows depending on the amount of ambient light.

Therefore, just the right amount of light hits either the eye's retina or camera's film or
sensor so as to present a clear, discernible image.
The Metaphysics - The eye-camera discussion sometimes entwines with the creationevolution debate. Creationists point to the eye as evidence of design in nature, while
evolutionists point to the eye as simply a point of progress in evolutionary history.
Interestingly, the publication "Popular Photography" asserted that "comparing the
camera to the human eye isnt a fair analogy. The human eye is more like an incredibly
advanced supercomputer with artificial intelligence, information-processing abilities,
speeds and modes of operation that are far beyond any man-made device, computer or
camera. Whatever your view is, the eye continues to be a source of inspiration in the
optics and bionics fields.

12. optical instruments

A: The instruments which are used in optics are optical instruments. Thus, the optical
instruments are the devices which are used in various purposes like microscope,
telescopes, lens, magnifying lens, mirror, astronomical telescope, glass etc.

13.optical instruments and their uses

A:Magnifying glass a convex lens that lets the observer see a larger image of the
object being observed
Camera are optical devices that allow a user to record an image of an object, either
on photo paper or digitally
The Compound Microscope is made of two convex lenses; the first, the ocular lens is
close to the eye and the second is the objective lens
The Telescope the telescope aids in observation of remote objects by collecting
electromagnetic radiaton, such as visible light

14: Describe how wind turbines generate electricity

A: Wind turbines operate on a simple principle. The energy in the wind turns two or
three propeller-like blades around a rotor. The rotor is connected to the main shaft,
which spins a generator to create electricity

15. explain the operation of a generator

A: An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy obtained from an
external source into electrical energy as the output. It is important to understand that a

generator does not actually create electrical energy. Instead, it uses the mechanical
energy supplied to it to force the movement of electric charges present in the wire of its
windings through an external electric circuit. This flow of electric charges constitutes the
output electric current supplied by the generator. This mechanism can be understood by
considering the generator to be analogous to a water pump, which causes the flow of
water but does not actually create the water flowing through it.