Environmental Science & Water Management PDF

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
(Abstract)
B.Sc programme in Environmental Science and Water Management under Choice Based Credit
Semester System - Scheme and Syllabus implemented with effect from 2009 admission
approved Orders issued.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GENERAL AND ACADEMIC BRANCH I J SECTION

No. GA I/J2/4884/08
Dated, Calicut University. P.O., 26.06.2009.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Read: 1. U.O.No.GAI/J2/3601/08 Vol.II dated 19.06.2009.

2. Minutes of the meeting of the Board of Studies in Environmental Science and
Water Management held on 11.05.2009.
3. Item No.II K of the extract of the minutes of the meeting of the Academic
Council held on 14.05.2009.
ORDER
Choice Based Credit Semester System and Grading has been introduced for UG
curriculum in the affiliated colleges of the University with effect from 2009 admission onwards
and the Regulation for the same implemented vide paper cited 1st above.
The Board of Studies in Environmental Science and Water Management vide paper read
as 2nd resolved to approve the restructured and revised syllabi for B.Sc Programme in
Environmental Science and Water Management under Choice Based Credit Semester System,
and also approved the regulation for Choice Based Credit Semester System.
The Academic Council, vide paper read as 3rd, approved the minutes of the Board of
Studies in Environmental Science and Water Management.
Sanction has therefore been accorded for implementing the Scheme and Syllabus of B.Sc
programme in Environmental Science and Water Management under Choice Based Credit
Semester System in the University with effect from 2009 admission onwards.
Orders are issued accordingly. Syllabus is appended.
Sd/DEPUTY REGISTRAR
(G&A I)
For REGISTRAR.
To
The Principals of all affiliated Colleges
offering B.Sc Programme in
Environmental Science and Water Management.
Copy to: PS to VC/PA to PVC/PA to Registrar/
C.E, EX Sn, EGI, DR, B.Sc
System Administrator (with a request to
upload in University website), Information Centres,
G&A-I A, F, G Sections/ G&A-II, III.
Forwarded/By Order
SECTION OFFICER
RESTRUCTURED CURRICULUM FOR B.SC
PROGRAMME IN
ENVIRONMENT AND WATER MANAGEMENT
SYLLABUS AND MODEL QUESTION PAPERS
UPDATED SYLLABUS -2009 ONWARDS
SEMESTER SYSTEM
PREPARED BY
BOARD OF STUDIES
ENVIRONMENT AND WATER MANAGEMENT
University of Calicut
B.Sc Environment and Water Management Programme
Work load
Botany
I
Sem
II
Sem
III
Sem
IV
Sem
V
Sem
VI
Sem
Total
Chemistry
Environment & Water

Management
Theory Practicals Theory Elective Pro.- Pro.I
II
-
Theory
Practicals
3(open)
3+4
10 Hrs/Week
11.5Hrs/
week
3(E)
12.5Hrs/
week
Work load of Physics Dept.- 8 Hrs/week- To be allotted from the workload of common
course to maintain the existing work load
Work load of Zoology Dept.-5Hrs/week- To be allotted from the workload of common
course to maintain the existing work load
University of Calicut
Restructured Curriculum for B.Sc Programme in Environment and Water Management
Course Structure (Total Credits : 120)
Semester-I
Exam: 3 Hours (Internal 25%; External 75%); Total Credits : 18
No
Course code
1
2
3
4
A01
A02
A07
EWM1B01
5
6
7
8
9
Course Title
Common Course I
Common Course II
Common Course III
Core-1-EWM-01-Fundamentals of
Environmental Science
(To be handled by Botany Department)
EWM1B02(P)
EWM-P1- Main Practicals-Botany
Complimentary Course I-Chemistry
Theory-I
Complimentary Course I-Chemistry Practicals-I
Complimentary Course II-Botany Theory-I
Complimentary Course II-Botany
Practicals-I
Hrs/ Total Credit

Week Hrs
4
3
5
3
4
4
2
36
2
2
2
36
-2
2
2
2
-2
--
25
Hrs
16
Credit
Semester-2
No
Course code
10
11
12
13
A03
A04
A08
EWM2B03
14
15
16
17
18
Course Title
Common Course IV
Common Course V
Common Course VI
Core-2-EWM-02-Biodiversity and its
Conservation
(To be handled by Botany Dept.)
EWM2B04(P)
Theory-II
Complimentary Course I-Chemistry Practicals-II
Complimentary Course II-Botany Theory-II
Practicals-II
Hrs/ Total Credit

Week Hrs
4
4
5
4
4
4
2
36
2
2
2
36
-2
2
2
2
-2
--
25
Hrs
18
Credit
Semester-3
No
Course code
19
20
21
A05
A09
EWM3B05
22
23
24
25
26
Course Title
Common Course VII

Common Course VIII
Core-3-EWM-03-Chemistry of the Environment
(To be handled by Chemistry Dept.)
EWM3B06(P)
EWM-P3- Main Practicals-Chemistry
Theory-III
Complimentary Course I-Chemistry Practicals-III
Complimentary Course II-Botany TheoryIII
Practicals-II
Hrs/ Total Credit

Week Hrs
5
4
5
4
3
54
3
2
3
36
-2
2
3
-2
--
25
Hrs
15
Credit
Semester-4
No
27
28
29
Course
code
A06
A010
EWM4B07
30
EW4B08(P)
31
32
33
34
Course Title
Common Course IX
Common Course X
Core-4-EWM-04-Environmental Toxicology
EWM-P1 & P2 Botany Practicals
EWM-P3 & P4 Chemistry Practicals
Complimentary Course I-Chemistry TheoryIV
Complimentary Course I-Chemistry Practicals-IV
Complimentary Course II-Botany Theory-IV
Complimentary Course II-Botany PracticalsIV
Hrs/ Total Credit

Week Hrs
5
4
5
4
3
54
3
2
36
4
(2 +2)
2
3
2
4
2
4
25
Hrs
27
Credit
Semester-5
No
Course code
Course Title
35
EWM5B09
36
EWM5B10
37
EWM5B11
38
39
40
EWM5B12(P)
EWM5B13(P)
EWM5D14
41
EWM5B15(Pr)
42
EWM5B16(Pr)
Core-5-EWM-05-Earth Science
(To be handled by Environment Dept.)
Core-6-EWM-06-Hydrology and Water
Management
Core-7-EWM-07-Environmental Microbiology and
Biotechnology (To be handled by Botany Dept.)
EWM-P5- Practicals-Chemistry
EWM-P6- Practicals-Botany
EWM-OC1-Open Course I- (Elective-To other
Dept. Main students)
EWM-PW1Project Work-I-Any
Environment related project
EWM-PW2- Project Work II- Project work related
to Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) (To be
handled by Environment Dept.)
Hrs/ Total Credit

Week Hrs
4
72
3
3
54
54
3
3
3
54
54
54
--4
54
--
54
--
25
Hrs
Semester-6
No
Course code
Course Title
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
EWM6B17
Core-8-EWM-08-Environmental Engineering
EWM6B18
Core-9-EWM-09-Environmental Issues and
Sustainable Development
EWM6B19
Core-10-EWM-10- Natural Resource Conservation
and Disaster Management (To be handled by
Botany Dept.)
EWM6B20(E)
EWM-OC2-Open Course II- (EWM Dept. Main
students)
EWM6B21
EWM-P5 & P7-Main Practicals-Chemistry
EWM6B22
EWM-P6 & P8-Main Practicals-Botany
EWM6B23
EWM-PW1-Project Work-I-Any
Environment related project (To be handled by
Environment Dept.)
EWM6B24
EWM-PW2-Project Work II- Project work related
to Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) (To be
handled by Environment Dept.)
13
Credit
Hrs/
Week
4
T Credit
otal
Hrs
72
3
54
54
54
5
54
54
5
2
54
25 Hrs
31
Credit
Calicut University,
Syllabus for B.Sc Environment and Water Management
I Semester-Core I-EWM-01- Fundamentals of Environmental Science
2 Hours/week
36 Hours/Sem - 4 Modules 4x9=36
Module-1
Methodology and perspective of science. Types of knowledge, practical, theoretical and
scientific knowledge. What is science, what is not science Hypothesis Theories and laws of
science, observations, evidences and proofs.
Definition, Scope and Importance of Environmental Science: Multidisciplinary nature of
the environmental Science; Scope and importance; Need of Environmental awareness
Interrelationship of ecology with other disciplines. Introduction to global environmental
problems.
Components of the environment:
a.The atmosphere or the air: Layers of Atmosphere , Composition of air; importance of
atmosphere, metereological conditions and air circulation.
b.The hydrosphere or water: Importance of water, distribution of fresh water at global,
national and state level. Hydrological Cycle.
c.Lithosphere or the rock and the soil: Elementary composition of rocks in the earth crust.
Types of rocks; Process of soil formation: Physical weathering, Chemical weathering of rocks;
Role of soil in shaping the biosphere (9 Hours)
Module-2
Environmental Factors:
Climatic Factors-Light, Temperature of Air (atmospheric temperature), Rainfall
(precipitation), Humidity of air, atmosphere (gases and wind), fire
Topographic Factors: height of mountains, direction of mountains and valleys, steepness
of slope and exposure of slope
Edaphic factors: Soil-soil formation, soil profile, soil erosion, soil conservation
Biotic factors: Intraspecific interactions; Interspecific interactions: Neutralism,
Commensalism, Mutualism, Parasitism, and Predation.
Ecological adaptations of plants (Hydrophytes, mesophytes, xerophytes, and halophytes)
animals (aquatic conditions-hydrocoles; amphibious conditions or sec. hydrocoles),
errestrial (mesocoles and xerocoles) (9 Hours)
Module-3
Ecosystem: Definition; Components of ecosystem; Abiotic components: Light,
Temperature, Pressure, Water, Wind, Soil; Biotic components: Energy flow in an ecosystem:
Primary production, Secondary production; Food chain: Grazing food chain, Detritus food chain;
Ecological pyramids: Pyramid of number, Pyramid of biomass, Pyramid of energy; Food web;
Ecological indicators. Biogeochemical cycles: a) Gaseous cycles: Oxygen cycle, Carbon cycle
and Nitrogen cycle. b) Sedimentary cycles: Phosphorus cycle, Sculpture cycle. (9 Hours)
Module-4
Population Ecology and Community Ecology:Population characteristics- Population
growth and its dynamics; natality, mortality, growth patterns; Age distribution, Malthusian
theory; Community structure, succession and climax, Species diversity, ecological dominance,
ecotone, niche, guild, edge effect, ecological equivalent, succession and climax
Major Ecosystems: Terrestrial Ecosystem-Forest, grass land, arid, crop land
Wet land-Ponds, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries
Major terrestrial Biomes-Tropical Savannah, Tropical rain forest and deserts
(9 Hours)
Text Books:
Ecology and Environment ,2008-2009.P. D. sharma ( Rastogi Publications, Meerut )
A text book of Environmental Studies.,2006.D.K.Asthana, Meera Asthana (S.Chand&Co.)
Essential Environmental Studies,2009.S.P.Misra,S.N.Pandey,(Ane Books Pvt.Ltd,Chennai)
Environmental Education A Conceptual Analysis. P.Kelu,University of Calicut publication
Text Book of Environmental Studies, Erach Bharucha, 2005.Orient Longman Pvt.
Ltd.,Ernakulam
References
Fundamentals of Ecology Eugene P. Odum, ( Natraj Publishers, Dehradun.)
Principles of Ecology P. S. Verma,V. K. Agarwal ( S. Chand and Co. New Delhi )
Environmental Biology P. D. sharma ( Rastogi Publications, Meerut )
Principles of Environmental Biology P. K. G. Nair (Himalaya Publ. House, N. Delhi
Environmental Biology M. P. Arora ( Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi )
Environmental Science Enger Smith, Smith, W. M. C.Brown ( Company Publishing )
Principles of Soil Science Watt K. E. F.(1973 ),(McGraw Hill Book Co., New Delhi )
Introduction to Environmental Studies Turk & Turk
Ecology and Field Biology Robert Leo Smith ( Harper Collins college publication )
General Ecology H. D. Kumar ( Vikas Publishing house, New Delhi )
Elements of Ecology Brijgopal, N. Bharadwaj ( Vikas Publishing house, New Delhi )
Fundamentals of Environmental Science G. S. Dahliwal,G. S. Sangha P. K.Ralhan ( Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi )
Environmental Ecology Bill Freedman ( Academic Press, New York )
Concepts of Ecology N. Arumugam ( Saras Publication, Kottar, Dist. Kanyakumari )
Plant Ecology P. L. Kochhar
Environmental Science. V.K.Ahluwalia, Sunita Malhotra (Ane Books Pvt.Ltd,Chennai
Concepts of Ecology E J Koromandy, (Prentice hall of India)
ELEMENTS OF ECOLOGY (Thomas M. Smith and Robert Leo Smith)
st
I SEMESTER DEGREE EXAMINATION

B.Sc. ENVIRONMENT AND WATER MANAGEMENT
EWM-01. FUNDAMENTALS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(Model Question Paper)
Time : 3 hrs
Max. Weightage:27
SECTION - A
(Answer all Questions)
Choose the correct answer:1.
i) The main source of energy for the biosphere is:
a) Respiration
b) Photosynthesis
c) Sunlight
d) Carbohydrate
ii) Which of the following is not a physiographic factor?

a) Irregularities in Earth surface
b) Wind blowing
c) Elevation and slopes
d) Mountain ranges
iii The movement of animals in response to light is known as:

a) Photo kinesis
b) Photo taxis
c) both the above
d) none of the above
iv) Animals in which maintain their body temperature at a constant level irrespective of
environmental temperature
2.
a) Poikilothermic
b) Homoiothermic
c) Stenothermic
d) Mesothermic
i) Which of the following constituents of atmospheric air remains constant?

a) Nitrogen
b) Water Vapour
c) Smoke particles
d) None of the above
ii) Which of the following is a primary consumer?

a) Cow
b) Guglena
c) Frog
d) Wolf
iii) The study of individual organisms relationship with its environment is

called:
a) Ecology
b) Synecology
c) Mono ecology
d) Autecology
iv) The word ecosystem was first coined by:
3.
a) Weaver clements
b) R.Misra
c) Tansley
d) Odum
i) Pyramid of number in a grass land or crop ecosystem is:

a) Upright
b) Inverted
c) any of the two
ii) Ecosystem has two components namely:

a) Plants and animals
b) Weeds and trees
c) biotic and abiotic
iii) The energy flow in organisms is:

a) Cyclic
b) Unidirectional
c) radiant
iv) An area which is actively defended by an animal from an intruder of the same species:
4.
a) Niche
b) home range
c) territory
d) habitat
i) India faced verse food problem during :

a) 1940s
b) 1950s
c) 1960s
d) 1970s
ii) CNG is preferred over LPG because it is :

a) Costlier than LPG
b) Lighter than LPG
c) Easy to transport
d) Causes less pollution
iii) IPPC is related with :

a) Global climate change
b) Tsunami disaster
c) Biodiversity conservation d) Green house effect

iv) Reducing smog is caused by :
a) NOx
b) SOx
c) CH4
d) CFC
Fill in the blanks:5.
i) The forest that never burns..

ii) All the population in a given physical area..
iii) The association of organisms in which one individual is benefited and other is
harmed.
iv) A species having same ecological niche but different in geographical distribution
(Weightage: 1x5=5)
SECTION B
(Answer any six questions)
6.
What is environment?
7.
Explain the term population ecology.
8.
What is species?
9.
What you meant by ecological adoptation?
10.
Distinguish between ecads and ecopypes.
11.
What is food chain?
12.
Explain the term ecotone.
13.
What you meant by edge effects?

(Weightage 1x6=6)
SECTION C
Answer any four questions.
14.
What is succession? Write a note on the climax stage.
15.
Describe the biochemical cycle with examples.
16.
What is environmental factor? Describe briefly the topographic factor.
17.
What are the various interaction in the ecosystem?
18.
What is food chain? Explain the types of food chain in an ecosystem.
19.
Write a note on the ecological adaptations of Xerophyte with examples.

(Weightage 2x4=8)
SECTION D
Answer any two questions
20
What are the various components of environment? Explain their interactions.
21
Write a note on climatic factor. How it affects the various activities of plants and
animals?
22
What are the major ecosystem? Describe briefly the forest and wetland ecosystem.
23.
a) Describe briefly the population characteristics.

b) What is ecosystem? What are the components of an ecosystem?
(Weightage: 4x2=8)
Calicut University,
Semester II-Core II-EWM-02- Biodiversity and its Conservation
2 Hrs/week
36 Hours/Semeter - 4 Modules 4x9=36 Hours
Module-I
Biodiversity and its Conservation: Introduction, Definition, Types of biodiversity such as
genetic, species and ecosystem biodiversity; Biodiversity at Global, National and local levels ;
the mega-diversity countries of the world ; Bio geographical classification of India.
Importance and value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical,
aesthetic and option values
Measurment of Biodiversity-Species richness, species diversity, Simpson Index, Shannon
Wiener Index, Alpha, Beta and Gamma Diversity
Threats to biodiversity-Habitat loss and degradation, poaching of wild life, introduction
of exotic species, genetic pollution, climate change, man wildlife conflict.
Endangered and endemic species of India; extinction of species, key stone species
IUCN categories, Red Data Book, Hot spots of biodiversity. (9 Hours)
Module-II
Biodiversity conservation. Insitu conservationprotected areas-National parks, Wildlife
sanctuaries, Biosphere reserves, Definition, concept and short description of and importance of
major
reserves;
Nilgiri
Biosphere
Reserve
,Agasthyamalai
Biosphere
Reserve,Sunderban,Andaman and Nicobar,Gulf of Mannar.Project Tiger, Project Elephant ,
sacred groves with special reference to Kerala, Documenting traditional knowledge.Exsitu
conservation-Botanical
gardens,zoos,aquaria,National
Bureau
of
Plant
Genetic
Resources(NBPGR), National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources(NBAGR), Documenting
traditional knowledge (9 Hours)
Module-III
Global strategy for conservation-Stockholm conference 1972,Nairobi Conference
1982,Montreal Protocol 1987, London,1989, Rio Declaration 1992,Berlin Mandate 1995,Geneva
Convention,1996,Kyoto Protocol 1996,Johannesberg Conference 2002.
Peoples movement for environmental conservation in India-Bishnoi Movement, Chipko
Movement, Narmada Bachao Andolan, Apikko movement, Silent Valley Movement, Baliyapal(9
Hours)
Module-IV
Documenting Biodiversity: Quantitative Sampling Methods in Ecology: Transect-Line
transect and belt transect; Quadrat.
Remote Sensing and GIS: Principles of Remote Sensing, Electromagnetic spectrum,
Aerial photographs and their interpretation; Satellite imageries; Platform and airborne sensors;
Types of sensors; Applications of Remote sensing and GIS in Environmental Studies. (9 Hours)
Text Books:
Essential Environmental Studies,2009.S.P.Misra,S.N.Pandey,(Ane Books Pvt.Ltd,Chennai)
Text Book of Environmental Studies, Erach Bharucha, 2005.Orient Longman Pvt.
Ltd.,Ernakulam
Ecology and Environment,2008-2009. P.D. Sharma, Rastogi Pub., New Delhi.
Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, Lillesand, T.M. and Kieffer,
R.W., John Wiley and Sons.
Remote Sensing: Principles and Applications, Sabbins, F.E., Freeman.
Environmental Biology, P.S. Verma and V.K. Agarwal, S.Chand & Co.,
New Delhi.
Remote Sensing and GIS, 2006. Menon,A.R.R.,KFRI Publications,KFRI,Peechi,Thrissur
Reference:
A Text Book of Environmental Sciences, S. S. Purohit, Q. J. Shammi and A. K. Agarwal, Student
Edition (Agrobios), Jodhpur.
A Text Book of Environmental Studies, D. K. Asthana and Meera Asthana,
S. Chand & Co., New Delhi.
Aerial Photography and Image Interpretation for Resource Management,
Paine, D.P., John Wiley and Sons.
Environmental Science, S.C. Santara, New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd.,
Kolkota.
Ecology: Principles and Applications, J. L. Chapman and M.J. Reiss,
Cambridge University Press, U.K.
Fundamentals of Ecology, E.P. Odum, W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
Handbook of Methods in Environmental Studies, Vol. 1 & 2, S. K. Maiti,
ABD Publishers, Jaipur.
Practical Methods in Ecology and Environmental Science, R. K. Trivedy
and P.K. Goel, EnviroMedia, Karad.
Essentials of Ecology & Environmental Science, S.V.S. Rana, Prentice Hall
of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Vidoorasamvedanam,2009. Menon,A.R.R. DC Books,Kottayam
World Atlas of Biodiversity Earth's Living Resources in the 21st Century
Brian Groombridge and Martin D Jenkins University of California Press
nd
Time : 3 hrs
1.
II SEMESTER DEGREE EXAMINATION

EWM-02. BIODIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION
Max. Weightage:27
SECTION A
i)The organisms with world population that are not at present endangered or vulnerable
but are at risk:
a) Extinct
b) Rare species
c) Endemic
d) Indeterminate
ii) The diversity concerned with the variation of genes within a particular species:
a) Genetic diversity
b) Species diversity
c) Ecosystem diversity
d) Agro diversity
iii) The lion tailed macaque is a:

a)Vulnerable species
b) rare species
c) Endangered species
d) Extinct species
iv) Choose the odd one from the following;
2.
a) Sanctuary
b) Biosphere reserve
c) National park
d) Botanical Garden
i) Large protected areas to preserve a representative sample of entire biotic component of

the ecosystem:
a) Sanctuary
b) Biosphere reserve
c) National park
d) Botanical Garden
ii) The forest in which tall, evergreen, cone bearing tree with needle like leaves form the
dominant climax:
a) Deciduous forest
b) Coniferous forest
c) Tropical rain forest
d) Scrub forest
iii) The main advisory body to the Govt. Of India for promotion of conservation of wild
life:
a) Wildlife preservation society
b) Indian Board of wildlife
c) The wildlife Institute of India
d) World wild fund for nature in India
iv) The concept of Biosphere Reserve was evolved by:

a) Govt. of India
b) Zoological survey of India
c) Botanical survey of India
d) United Nations
3.
i) Forest Management is concerned with:

a) Apiculture
b) Agriculture
c) Silviculture
d) Sericulture
ii) Forest and Wildlife are:

a) Non renewable resources
b) Inexhaustible resources
c) Renewable resources
d) None of these
iii) The Forest (Conservation) Act was enacted in:

a) 1980
b) 1972
c) 1927
d) 1991
iv) Silent Valley of Kerala is preserved because it:

a) has a number of timber trees b) Contains rare species of plants and animals
c) Only thick forest in India
d) is a biosphere reserve
i) Zoological gardens are the example forconservation.

ii) Theforests are regarded as the richest in biodiversity.
iii) The species growing in a natural undomesticated state are called.
iv) The creation of biosphere reserve started since.in India.
5.
i) The concept of .aims at the production of fuel wood, timbers and

fodder.
ii) The extinction of ..species in a community leads to the disappearance
of a group of other species.
iii) The..diversity refers to the variety of species within a region.
iv) The..species can be defined as those species which are confined only to a
particular locality.
(Weightage 1x5=5)
SECTION B
6) Define biodiversity.
7) What is species richness?
8) What do you mean by Endemic species?
9) What is keystone species? Write two examples.
10) Describe the ex-situ conservation with examples?
11) What is Shannon index?
12) What do you mean by biodiversity hot spot?
13) What is meant by sampling?
(Weightage: 1x6=6)
SECTION C
(Answer any four questions)
14) Write a brief note on sampling methods in ecological studies.
15) Explain the project tiger. What are the major tiger reserves in India?.
16) What do you mean by gene bank? How it helps to conserve biodiversity?
17) Write a note on Alpha, Beta and Gamma diversity.
18) Briefly mention the value of biodiversity.
19) Write a note on Nilgiri biosphere reserve.
(Weightage: 2x4=8)
SECTION D
(Answer any two questions)
20) What are the major threats to biodiversity?
21) Write a note on Insitu and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.
22) Explain the Peoples movement for environmental protection and biodiversity conservation..
23) Write a note on:
a) Global strategy for biodiversity conservation.
b) Documentation of biodiversity.
(Weightage: 4x2=8)
Calicut University
Syllabus for B.Sc Environment and Water Managemen)
Semester-III-Core-III-EWM 03 Chemistry of the Environment
3 Hrs/Week - 54 Hrs/Sem -6 Modules-6x9=54 Hours
Module-IINTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
1) Concept and scope of environmental chemistry. Branches of environmental chemistry
2) Fundamentals of environmental chemistry
Stoichiometry, Gibbs energy, chemical potential, chemical equilibria, Acid-base reactions,
Solubility products, solubility of gases in water, the carbonate system, unsaturated and saturated
hydrocarbons
Radio nucleides- Natural and Artifical Radioactivity- 9 hours
Module-II-
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY-I
Atmosphere Structure and chemical composition of air classification

of elements chemical speciation, particles, ions and radicals in the atmosphere, chemical
processes for formation of organic and inorganic particles, Chemistry of air pollutants, photo
chemical reactions in the atmosphere,
- 9 hours
Module-III- ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY-II

Oxygen and ozone chemistry, green house gases and green house effects, global warming, ElNino, La-Nina, Earths radiation balance, Temperature inversion, Acid rain, photo chemical
smog.
Module-IV-
-9 hours
HYDRO CHEMISTRY
a)Introduction to hydro chemistry of water, chemical composition of water samples, structure

and bonding of water, Formation of hydrogen bonding, Structure of ice, Auto ionization,
amphoteric nature, electrolysis of water, reactivity of water towards alkali and alkaline earth
metals.
b) Solubility of gases in water, complexation in natural water and waste water, eutrophication. -9
hours
Module-V-
SOIL CHEMISTRY
Introduction to soil chemistry, chemical composition of Lithosphere and soil, chemistry of soil
formation, sorption and precipitation reaction in soil, oxidation and reduction reaction in soil,
anion and cation exchange capacity, soil pH.
-9 hours
Module-VI- TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY

Principles of Analytical methods, Titrimetry, gravimetry, colourimetry, spectro photometry,
chromatography, Atomic absorption spectroscopy, Chromatography.TLC paper and ion-
exchange Electrophorosis, X-ray fluorescence, Flame photometry; Complexometric titrations,

Principles of Photochemistry.
-9 hours
Text Books:
B.K Sharma Environmental chemistry Goel publication.
A.K. De - Environmental Chemistry
Tyagi and Mehra - Environmental Chemistry
Reference:
Trivedi P.R & Raj Gurdeo - Environmental water and soil Analysis Akasdeep Pub. House, New
Delhi.
V.K.Alhuwalia, Environmental Chemistry, Ane books Pvt. Ltd,Chennei
S.P. Misra and S.N. Pandey Essential Environmental studies Ane books Pvt. Ltd.
P.L. Soni - Physical Chemistry
Vogel - Analytical Chemistry
III SEMESTER DEGREE EXAMINATION
EWM-03. CHEMISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT
Max. Weightage:27
rd
Time : 3 hrs
SECTION A
Choose the correct answers
1.
i)In which of the following atmospheric segment O3 is present in appreciable amounts.
a) ionosphere
b) stratosphere
c) mesosphere
d) troposphere
ii) An important green house gas is:

a) CO2
b) H2S
c) CO
d) H2S
iii) Appreciable level of electrons and positive ions such as O2+, O+, NO+ etc. exist in the
region of the atmosphere.
a)ionosphere
b) stratosphere
c) mesosphere
d) troposphere
iv) The main cause of O3 layer deplication is
2.
a) CO2
b) CFC
c) CH4
d) Water vapour
i) Precipitation occurs when

a) Solubility product exceeds ionic product b) ionic product exceeds solubility products
c) ionic product becomes equal to solubility product d) Saturation occurs
ii) N2 + 3H2
2NH3 is a system at equilibrium. What happens when a pressure is
applied to the system?

a) The rate of formation of NH3 increases b) The rate of formation of NH3 decreases
c) Reaction stops
d) No change occurs in the system.
iii) The indicator used in the titration between dil. H2SO4 and NaOH solution is:
a) Methyl orange
b) N-phenyl anthracitic acid
c) Potassium Ferro cyanide
d) potassium permanganate
iv) The major hydrocarbon emitted into the atmosphere by natural activities such as an
aerobic decomposition of organic matter in water, soil and sediments by micro
organisms is
a) CH4
b) H2S
c) CO2
d) NH3
3.
i) ..is a colourless, odourless, toxic gas slightly soluble in H2O but still is
extremely dangerous because it has a greater affinity for hemoglobin than O2.
a) CH4
b) CO
c) SO2
d) CFC
ii) Which among the following is a heavy metal?

a) Cd
b) Na
c)K
d) Li
iii) The effective separation technique used for the separation of Lanthanide ions is:
a) Ion exchange chromatography
b) sewing
c) filtration
d) paper chromatography
iv) Which among the following is a complexing agent in complexo metric titration
a) EDTA
b) KMn04
c) H2SO4
d) K2Cr2O7
Fill in the blanks:

4.
i)The total amount of solid material in gms contained in one Kg of water is .

ii) is a pollutant responsible for smog formation, acid rain and corrosion of
metals and alloys.
iii) . Is a radio active nucleus.
iv) The event is generally characterized by warming of the costal waters off the costs of
Peru and Ecuador is .
5.
i) The measurement of .. gives a ready assessment of purity of H2O.

ii) Which of the following elements is present in the largest percentage in the biosphere?
a) Carbon
b) Hydrogen
c) Nitrogen
d) Oxygen
iii) A Nuclear power plant in India is..

iv) A chemical coagulalent used in water treatment is:
a) Alum
c) Hd
b) KMn04
d) NaOH
(Weightage 1x5=5)
SECTION B
(Answer any 6 questions)
14.
Name two compounds that are responsible for acis rain. Give their sources.
15.
What are CFCs? How do they affect O3 layer?
16.
Describe the Earths radiation balance.
17.
how is CoD different from BoD?
18.
What is photochemical smog? Name two primary pollutants required for its formation.
19.
Explain the amphoteric nature of H2O.
20.
Explain the hydrogen bounding in H2O and structure of ice.
21.
Name the diseases caused by pollution due to (a)Hg and Cd. Give two sources of each of
the metals.
(Weightage 1x6=6)
SECTION C
14.
Write a note on green house effect.
15.
Write notes on Eutrophication.
16.
Distinguish between El-Nino and La-Nina.
17.
Write notes on the temperature inversion in the atmosphere.
18.
Give a brief account of the photo chemical reaction taking place in the atmosphere.
19.
Write notes on precipitation reaction taking place in soil.
20.
What is Electrophoresis and osmosis?

SECTION D
21.
Describe the role of oxygen, ozone and CO2 in the atmospheric process.
22.
Explainthe principles of Chromatography, Flame photometry, X-ray florescence and

Complexo metric titration.
23.
Describe the complexation in natural H2O and waste water.
24.
Outline the ecological and biological effects of SO2, NOx. Suggest ways to control their
emission.
(Weightage: 4x2=8)
Calicut University
Semester-IV-Core-IV-EWM 04 - ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
3 Hrs/ Week -54 Hours/Sem
-6 Modules-6x9=54 Hours
Module-IIntroduction to Toxicology
Concept of toxins, toxicity and toxicology, sub disciplines of toxicology Environmental toxicology, aquatic toxicology, forensic toxicology, chemical toxicology, toxicogenomix. Types of toxicants, classification of toxicants factors that affect environmental
concentration of toxicants. Dose effect and Dose response relationship, levels of toxicity acute,
sub acute and chronic
(9 hours)
Module-IIToxic Chemicals in the environment:

a) Toxic chemicals in air:
Acid fumes SO2, NOx, H2S , particulate matter, ozone, Hydrocarbons, Dioxins and Heavy
metals (mention only).
b) Toxic chemicals in water
Industrial chemicals, agro chemical and fertilizers Ammonium sulphate, potash, urea,
pesticides organochlorines( DDT,BHC,Endosulphan), organo phosphates(
Malathion,Parathion) and carbamates( Carbaryl,Timet) persistant organic pollutants (POPs).
Radio active materials
c) Toxic chemicals on land:
Urban waste, biodegradable and non biodegradable materials, fly ash,
E waste etc.
(9 hours)
Module-IIIBiological concept for behaviour of pollutants

Biotransformation, bio magnification, bio concentration, bio accumulation, bio activation,
substance that magnify in biological system- POP's (DDT, PCBs, Toxaphene etc.) Heavy metals
(Mercury, Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium etc.)
(9 hours)
Module-IVFood Adulteration and preservation:

Food poisoning food poisoning caused by chemicals, poisonous plants and micro organisms,
Food hygiene in the prevention of food poisoning, factors contributing to outbreak of food
poisoning.
(9 hours)
Module-VMethods and Principles of food preservation

Preservation by salting, using sugar, antibiotics, chemicals, by drying, Fermentation , cooling,
concentration and heating. Preservation of milk products,. Preservation of beverages.(9 hours)
Module-VIFood Adulteration Common adulterants, Interntional and incidental adulteration, Methods for
detection of food adulterant. Safety of food additives and preservatives. Food additive
regulations, Food grades, Food standards, food laws and food regulations.
(9 hours)
Books:
Jacob, Thankamma, Food Adulteration, MC Millan publishers Pvt. Ltd., 1976.
Kalia M & Sood. Food preservation and processing, Kalyani pub. Ludhiana, New Delhi.
A.K. De Environmental chemistry
B.K.Sharma and H. Kans Environmental chemistry
P.D.Sharma, Environmental biology and toxicology, 1997-98.
References:P.K.gupta and D.K.Shinlee, Modern toxicology
Hobbs B.C & Roberts D. Food poisoning and Food Hygeine 6th Edi. Arnold pub. London, 1993.
G.C. Butler, Principles of Eco toxicology
Duffus, John H, Environmental toxicology
Shukla J.P and Pandey, Elements of Toxicology, Radha publ., New Delhi.
Rand G.M and Perocelli S.R, Fundamental of Aquatic Toxicology, Hemisphere publishing
Corporation, Washington.
Cockerham L.G and Shane B.S, Basic Environmental Toxicology, CRC press, Bocaraton, USA.
Time : 3 hrs
IVth SEMESTER DEGREE EXAMINATION
EWM-04. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
Max. Weightage:27
SECTION A

1.
i)MIC is related with
a) Taj Mahal
b) London smog
c) Aerosols
d) Bhopal Gas tragedy
ii) Minamata disease is caused by:

a) Lead
c) PAN
b) Mercury
d) SO2
iii)Bone seeker nuclear fallout is:

a)Sr90
b) C14
c)P35
d) None of these
iv) The poisons that are formed within the organisms:
2.
a) Endogenous poison
b) Exogenous poison
c) Inherent poison
d) Accumulated poison
i) Sodium Nitrate is:

a) Preservative
b) Flavour
c) Stabilizer
d) Buffer
ii) Botulism is caused by:

a) Virus
b) Bacteria
c) Worms
d) Mosquito
iii) Carboxy haemoglobin is formed by

a) CO2
b) CO
c) CH4
d) H2S
iv) An example for photochemical oxidant:
3.
a) O2
b) O3
c) NO2
d) H2S
i) Itai-Itai disease is caused by:

a) Pb
b) Cd
c) Hg
d) Zn
ii) Black foot disease is caused by:
a) As
b) Cd
c) Cl2
d) Mn
iii) DDT is a .pesticide.

a) Chlorinated
b) Phosphatic
c) Carbamate
d) None of these
iv) LD50 is:
4.
a) Acute dose
b) Chronic dose
c) Median dose
d) intermittent dose
i) Fly ash is emitted by ..

ii) Malathion ispesticide.
iii) The concentration required for kill the organism is
5.
i) Biological methilation is an example for..

ii) The commonly used preservative for pickles is..
iii) Ecomark is
iv) Dioxin is generally emitted from compound contain
(Weightage 1x5=5)
SECTION B
6) What is toxicology?
7) What do you mean by toxico-genomix?
8) What is close effect?
9) What is acid fumes?
10) What is meant by secondary pollutant?
11) What is persistant organic pollutants (POPs)?
12) What is fly ash?
13) What do you mean by food adulteration?
(Weightage: 1x6=6)
SECTION C
14) Describe the common food adulterants used in adulteration practices.
15) Write a note on food standards in National and International level.
16) Distinguish between biotransformation and biomagnification.
17) Briefly describe the E-waste and its effect on land.
18) what is particulate matter? How do they causes air pollution?
19) Write a note on organ chlorine pesticide with examples.
(Weightage: 2x4=8)
SECTION D
20) What are the major factors that affect concentration of toxicants in the environment?
21) What is water pollution? What are the toxic chemicals in water?
22) Write a note on the factors contributing to the outbreak of food poisoning.
23) Describe the various food preservation methods and food regulations.
(Weightage: 4x2=8)
Calicut University
Semester-5-Core-5- EWM 08 - Earth Science
4 Hrs/Week- 72 Hours/Sem
Module-I-
8x9=72
Velocity Acceleration Vertical motion of air parcel in the atmosphere
Adiabatic process Vertical stability of atmosphere- temperature inversion and air pollution
horizontal motion in the atmosphere wind geostrophic gradient wind friction layer wind.
( 9 hours)
Module-II-
Temperature, Heat, Heat transfer, specific heat, Enery of the atmosphere solar
energy Absorption by the atmosphere scattering reflection, refraction, rarefraction, Absorption

by earth, Terrestrial radiation Earths heat balance.
Nature of sound Physiological and physical properties speed of sound interference
of sound waves, Resonance, Doppler effect, Acoustics of auditorium, Thunder and lightning,
Noise pollution and its measurement and control.
( 9 hours )
Module-III- Constituents of the nucleus Nuclear charge Mass and binding energy
Radioactivity Alpha, Beta and gamma emission successive disintegration Radioactive
series
nuclear
reactions
Energy
released
in
fission
and
fusion.
( 9 hours )
Module-IV-
Origin of Earth Theories pertaining Earths origin, internal structure of Earths
crust, mantle and core composition, continental drift, plate tectomics.

Minerals Rock forming and ore forming minerals.
Rocks Brief classification and characteristic megascopic features of different types of rocks.
Weathering Physical, Chemical and Biological
Coastal sedimentation and land forms, coastal erosion.
Module-V-
( 9 hours )
Remote sensing
Definition, principle and concept of remote sensing, components of Remote sensing

technique, Electro magnetic energy, Electro magnetic spectrum, Interaction between light and
matter, Image characteristics, source of remote sensing information Aerial photography
characteristics of aerial photographs, landsat imagery, Application of remote sensing into ground
water exploration, mining of mineral resources, Landslides, subsidence and earthquake
mitigation, waste land mappings, wet land conservation.
(9 hours)
Module-VI- Geographic information system (GIS)

Introduction, terminology and scope of GIS, principles of GIS, Application of GIS in
Environmental studies Disaster Management, Forestry, Agriculture, Water resource
management, Watershed management, Coastal zone management.
(9 hours)
Module-VII- Tools and Techniques for studying the environment:

Biostatistics Classification and tabulation of data using the given sample[s]
Construction of frequency curve, Bar diagram, Histogram and Pie diagram [use suitable
classified data/tables],Calculation of mean, median, mode, standard deviation and standard error.
Correlation, Probability, Testing of Hypothesis-Student
( 9 hours )
Module-VIII- Computer Applications in environmental science

MS Word, Excel / Spreadsheet (data entry, generation of charts and graphs)
Surfer (Generate contour map from a text file). Web resources (Search, Save, copy, image, text
etc.), Photoshop (Processing images)
(9 hours)
Books:
B.Ram; Computer fundamentals; New Age International (P) Limited, New Delhi.
F. F Sabins; Remote sensing Principles and Interpretation; W.H freeman and Co. .
D.C Sancheti 7 V.K Kapoor; Statistics; Sulthan Chand & Sons, New Delhi, 1991.
Validia K.S; Environmental Geology; Tata Mc Graw Hill Co. Pvt. Ltd- New Delhi, 1987.
Reference
Arther Beiser, Applied physics, Schaums outline series; Mc Grace Hills Book Co. New York.
Albert Miller, Jack C Thompson, Richard E Peterson and Donald R Haragan; Elements of
Meteorology; Charles E Merril publishing Co. Columbus.
Frederick K Lutgens and Edward J Tarbuck; The atmosphere; Prentice Hall publ., N. Jersey
Erwin Schande, Springes Verlag; Remote sensing for environmental sciences; Berling
Heidelberg, New York.
E.C Barrett and L.F Curtis; Introduction to Environmental Remote Sensing; Chapman and Hall,
London.
Lutgens and Tarbuck; The Atmosphere, Prentice Hall publication, New jersey.
Barry and Charley; Atmosphere, Weather and Climate; The English Lang. Book Society, 1976.
A.A Ramasastry; Weather and Weather forecasting Publication division, Ministry of Information
and Broadcasting, Ministry of India, 1984.
Billings; Structural Geology; Tata Mc Grace Hill publication Co. New Delhi.
Holmes A; Principles of physical geology, Ronald, New York, 1965.
Berry, LG & Brian Mason; Mineralogy; Freeman publication, 1959.
A.V Strahles and A.H Strahles; Environmental Geo-Science; Wiley International, 1973.
Tyrell G.W; Principles of petrology; Methven publication, 1959.
R.H.green, Sampling Design and statistical methods for Environmental Biologists, 1979.
A.C Wardlove; Practical statistics for Experimental Biologist.
Ron Mansfield; Concise guide to MS Office; BPB publications.
Time : 3 hrs
1.
Vth SEMESTER DEGREE EXAMINATION
EWM-05- EARTH SCIENCE
Max. Weightage:27
SECTION A
i) Most of the clouds and the weather systems occurred in;
a) Troposphere
b) Mesosphere
c) Thermosphere
d) Exosphere
ii) With an increase in attitude, the temperature generally

a) Increase
b) Decrease
c) Both
d) None
iii)The source of fresh water needed for human, animals and plants is:
a)Ground water
b) Rain water
c) River water
d) None
iv) The most important cause of mineral loss is:
2.
a) Water runoff
b) Soil erosion
c) Acid rain
i) Change in temperature with height of the atmosphere:

a) Adiabatic lapse rate
b) lapse rate
c) Environmental lapse rate
d) None of these
ii) The atmosphere is essential in maintaining the heat balance of the earth as it helps to:
a) Trap the heat of the sun
b) Radiate energy
c) Radiate long waves
d) None of these
iii) Conduction is a mode of energy transfer in which:

a) Energy transfer by air
b) Energy transfer by radiation
c) Energy transfer by convection
d) Energy transfer by contact
iv) Which of the following is the fundamental determinant of climate?

a) Geometry of the Earth-Atmosphere system.
b) Distance of Earth from the Sun.
c) Movement of Earth around the Sun.
d) None of these.
3.
i) A sample is generally used when the group being studied is:

a) Located in the same geographic area
b) Very large
c) Widely variant in the opinion than express d) Predominantly male or female

ii) Hypothesis is also called:
a) Lunch of scholar
b) Tentative conclusion
c) Guess of the scholar
d) all the above
iii) Spread sheet is a part of:

a) MS Word
b) Excel
c) Photoshop
d) Surfer
iv) The atmospheric pressure is measured by:

a) Manometer
b) Barometer
c) Technometer
d) Anemometer
i)The radiation having longest wave length.

ii) Doppler effect is related to..
iii) The alpha particle have.energy.
iv) Basalt is type of rock.
5.
i) The ore of Aluminium is..

ii) The atoms having the same atomic number but different mass number.
iii) is used to measure radio activity.
iv) ..is the largest mineral in the Earths crust.
(Weightage 1x5=5)
SECTION B
6) What is air pollution?
7) What is aqueducts?
8) Describe the flocculation of water.
9) What is sewage?
10) Explain the term sewage.
11) What is chlorination?
12) What is BOD?
13) Describe the term garbbage.
(Weightage: 1x6=6)
SECTION C
14) What is E-waste? What are the major sources of E-waste?
15) Write a note on physico-chemical and biological characteristics of sewage?
16) Describe the methods for the disposal of sewage.
17Briefly describe the public water distribution system.
18) Explain the water quality standards.
19) Write a note on the air quality standards.

(Weightage: 2x4=8)
SECTION D
20) Describe the various air pollution control devices.
21) Write a note on the principle and working methods of a water treatment plant.
22) i) With the help of a sketch, briefly explain the complete sewage system.
ii) Briefly outline the sewage treatment process.
23) Explain the various methods for the disposal of solid waste.
(Weightage: 4x2=8)
Calicut University
Semester-V-Core-VI-EWM 06 Hydrology and Water Management
3 Hrs/weekModule-I-
54 Hours/Sem
-6 Modules-6x9=54
Hydrology Definition, History of hydrology, Branches of hydrology Chemical
hydrology, Eco hydrology, Hydrogeology, hydro informatics, hydrometeorology, isotope

hydrology, surface hydrology.
Module-II-
(9 hours)
Hydrologic cycle Different process of hydrologic cycle precipitation,
Canopy interception, snow melt, run off , sub surface flow, infiltration, evaporation,
transpiration, sublimation, advection, condensation.
(9 hours)
Module-III- Surface water hydrology rainfall and surface runoff relationship, runoff, runoff
characteristics, open channel flow.
Statistical analysis in hydrology Probable maximum precipitation hydrograph, flow duration
curve Flood frequency analysis and estimation Water balance. (9 hours)
Module-IV-
Ground water hydrology Ground water table, stream aquifer interactions, base
flow recession, porosity and permeability, hydraulic head and fluid potential, Darcys Law and
hydro conductivity, Heterogeneity and anisotropy, storage properties of aquifers, Equations of
ground water flow, well hydraulics, solute transport.
Module-V-
(9 hours)
Hydrologic measurements-
a)Quantifying surface water flow Stage discharge measurement .

b) Quantifying ground water flow - Ground water pressure (Piezometer), ground water depth
(aquifer test), conductivity, infiltration (infiltrometer), soil moisture (soil moisture meter,
gravimetric method, capacitance probe, Time domain reflectometer, Tensiometer). Geophysical
investigation resistivity and seismic method application of remote sensing.
c)Quantifying hydrologic exchange at the land atmospheric boundary.
Precipitation -Rain and snow fall (Rain gauge)
Humidity (Sling psychrometer, thermo hydrograph)
Evaporation (Evaporation pan)
Transpiration
( 9 hours )
Module-VI- Water management practices

Water shed management , Wetland conservation,Rainfall pits and rain water harvesting
Contour bunding,Drip irrigation, Channel irrigation
(9 hours)
TextBooks:
Jayaram Reddy, A Text Book of hydrology, Lakshmi publishers, New Delhi.
Subramanya.K, Hydrology for Engineers, Tata Mc Grace Hills Publications, New Delhi, 1984.
Todd.D.K. Ground water hydrology; John Wileys & Sons Publications, New York.
Ragunath, H.M, Hydrology, Villey tastem publication, New Delhi, 1985.
Reference:
Chone, V.T. Hand book of Applied Hydrology, Mc Graw Hill publication, New Delhi.
Charlu, TGK and Datta, D.K. Grand water development in India, Rural electric corporation, New
Delhi, 1982.
CWRDM Publications, CWRDM, Kunnamamangalam.
Linsev, Kohier Panthus;Applied Hydrology,McGraw Hills Publi., N. Delhi.
IS L986 91983) Measurement of Rainfall.
IS 5973 (1976) Pan evaporimeter.
Varshney, R.S; Engineering hydrology, New chand & Bros. Publi. Rorkee.
Validia.K.S, Environmental Geology, Tata Mc Grace Hills Publishing Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
Barry and Choslay, Atmosphere, Weather and Climate, The English Language Book Society.
V SEMESTER DEGREE EXAMINATION
EWM-06. HYDROLOGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT
Max. Weightage:27
th
Time : 3 hrs
SECTION A
1.
i) Branch of science deals with water :

a) Meteorology
b)Hydrology
c) Aquaculture
d) Potomology
ii) Detection of water resources using radio nuclides:

a) Hydrogeology
b) hydrometeorology
c) isotope hydrology
d) hydro informatics
iii) Which of the following is not a past of hydrological cycle:

a) evaporation
b) condensation
c) run off
d) consumption
iv) Study of marine ecosystem deals with:
2.
a) Oceanography
b) Potomology
c) Wet land study
d) Marine biology
i) The state in which excessive flour of water through river:

a) Over flow
b) Flood
c) Over draft
d) Stream flow
ii) The geological formation in which hold ground water :

a) Sedimentary rock
b) Well
c) Aquifer
d) Water table
iii) The capacity of geological formation to transmit water :

a) Porosity
b) Permeability
c) Elasticity
d) Bulk density
iv) Darcys law is applicable to:
3.
a) Ground water pollution
b) Ground water yield
c) Ground water depletion
d) Ground water flow
i) The instrument used to measure velocity of water flow.

ii) Infiltration of water is measured by.
iii) The instrument used for measuring soil moisture
iv) ..is used for measuring rainfall.
4.
i) Ramsar convention is connected with:

a) Biodiversity conservation
b) Water pollution control
c) Wet land conservation
d) Air pollution control
ii) The process in which convertion of vapour phase into liquid phase:
a) Advection
b) Condensation
c) Transpiration
d) Sublimation
iii) is used for artificial rain.

a) AgI
b) Pb
c) Agcr
d) Hg
iv) Vertical staff guage is used to measure:
5.
a) Stage of water
b) Velocity of water
c) Water drainage
d) leakage
i) Thermo hydrograph is used for measuring :

a) Temperature
b) Humidity
c) Temperature & Humidity
d) Dew point
ii) The excessive withdrawal of ground water:

a) Ground water flow
b) Overdraft
c) Pollution
d) Overflow
iii) The soil profile contains water:

a) Zone of Aeration
b) Zone of saturation
c) Capillary zone
d) None of these
iv) Water management practice include:

a) Dam construction
b) Artificial rain
c) Water pollution control
d) Drip irrigation
(Weightage 1x5=5)
SECTION B

22.
Define Hydrology?
23.
What isotope hydrology?
24.
Describe the hydrological cycle.
25.
What is runoff?
26.
Explain water balance of a region.
27.
What you meant by solute transport?
28.
What is aquifer?
29.
What is wetland?
(Weightage 1x6=6)
SECTION C
14.
Write a note on rain water harvesting.
15.
Describe briefly about the measurements of evaporation.
16.
What is rain gauge? What are the different types of rain gauges?
17.
What is aquifer? How to classify it?
18.
Write a note on resistivity and seismic method to explore ground water.
19.
How to measure infiltration of ground water?

(Weightage 2x4=8)
SECTION D
23
What are the major water management practices?
24
What is ground water formation?
25
Write a note on hydrology, hydro informatics, hydrometeorology and chemical

hydrology.
23.
What are the applications of statistics in hydrological studies?

(Weightage: 4x2=8)
Calicut University,
Syllabus for B.Sc. (B.Sc Environment and Water Management)
Semester-V - Core -VII-EWM-07- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology
3 Hrs/ Week
54 Hours/Sem 6 Modules 6x9=54
Module-I-Introduction to Microbiology-History-scope-Types structure, biology and
classification of bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi, algae and virus-identification
(9 Hours)
Module-II-Rules , regulations and tools in MicrobiologyBasic principles of Autoclave, Hot air oven, laminar air flow
Microscopy-Bright field-phase contrast-dark field-fluorescent-con-focal-electron microscopy
(SEM,TEM)
Centrifuge-spectrophotometer
(9 Hours)
ModuleIII-Sampling Techniques: Preparation of samples, types of media-sterilization
techniques-cultivation and preservation of microorganism-methods of estimation and isolation of
microorganism in soil, water and milk(9)
Module-IV- micrbioloy of soil-microbial flora of soil-interaction among soil microorganism-role
of soil microorganisms-nitrogen,carbon,sulphur cycles-microbiology of aquatic micro organismAir microbiology-distribution,techniques and role of air microorganisms.(9 Hours)
Module-V-Microbial Genetics-concept of the gene
mutations,transformation,conjugation,transduction,plasmids,microbial control of environmental
pollution; genetic engineering and recombinant DNA techniques.(brief study only)(9 Hours)
Module-VI-Microbial growth process-major products of Industrial microbiology-alcoholic
beverages, amino acids and antibiotics,, Recombinant DNA technique in Biotechnology-Gene
cloning-cloning vectors, organic synthesis and degradation, Environmental Applications
(9 Hours)
TextBooks:
Microbiology-Paul.A.Ketchum.1984.John wiley and Sons,New york.
Microbiology-L.M.Prescott,J.P.Harley,D.A.Klein,1993.2nd Ed.Wm.C.Brown Publishers
Microbiology-M.J.Pelczar,E.C.S.Chan,N.R.Kreig.1996. Mc Graw Hill Books Co.,New york
Microbiology-Fundamentals and Applications. Atlas,R.M.Macmillian Pub. Co.,N ew York
Reference:
.Bacterial Metabolism. Doelle,N.W.1975.2nd Ed.Academic Press
Microbial Genetics-D.Freigelder,1987.Jones Bartkett Publishers,Inc,Boston
Introduction to Environmental Microbiology.Mitchell,R.1974.Prentice Hall Int.
Introduction to Soil Microbiology.M.Alexander.1977Ny. John Wiley and Sons
Aquatic Microbiology G.Rheinheimer.1991.4th Ed. John Wiley and Sons
Microbial Biotechnology-A.N.Glazer,H.Nikadio.1995.W.H.Freeman & Co.,New York
Bacteriology- Salle
A text book of Microbiology. Ananthanarayanan,R and Jayaram Panicker
V SEMESTER DEGREE EXAMINATION
th
EWM-07. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

Time : 3 hrs
Max. Weightage:27
SECTION A
1.
i)Autoclave uses for sterilization
a) Steam
b) steam under pressure
c) Moist heat
d) hot air
ii) Culture media are sterilized by:

a) Hot air oven
b) Bacteriological filter
c) Autoclave
d) All the above
iii) Pure culture technique was first demonstrated by:

a)Pasteur and his researchers
b) Robert Koch & his colleagues
c)Burill
d) Paul Berg
iv) Lyophilization is a method of :
2.
a)Characterizing micro organisms
b) Preserving micro organisms
c) Destroying micro organisms
d) regulating micro organisms
i) Blood serum is sterilized by:

a) Autoclave
b) Hot air oven
c) Seitz filter
d) Radiation
ii) The fungal cell wall contains:

a) Peptidoglycons
b) Muramic acid
c) Proteins
d) Cellulose & Chitin
iii) The term Rhizosophere was coined by:

a) Winogradsky
b) Beljerinck
c) L. Hilther
d) Selman.A. Waksman
iv) A culture that contains only one type of micro organisms is known as:
3.
a) Mixed culture
b) Auxenic culture
c) Tissue culture
i) UV absorption by DNA is best at:

a) 280-300 nm
b) 240-260 nm
c) 300-320 nm
d) 260-280 nm
ii) A mutation that completely eliminates gene function due to gene deletion is called:
a) Zero mutation
b) Point mutation
c) Null mutation
d) Mutant
iii) twisting of two strands forming a double-helix results in:

a) Wide groove
b) Short groove
c) Narrow groove
d) Wide & Narrow groove
iv) The following is an effective bactericidal agent:
4.
a) 10% Alcohol
b) Bathing soap
c) Chlorine
d) All the above
i) Oxidation of Ammonia to nitrate is called:

a) Nitrification
b) denitrification
c) Ammonification
d) Deamination
ii) Silt is a part of:

a) Underground water
b) Soil
c) Mineral
d) Organic waste
iii) The principle involved in lemon sampler:

a) Filteration
b) Electrostatic precipitation
c) Impingement
d) Centrifugal action
iv) Which of the following is not an airborne viral disease?
5.
a) Influenza
b) Mumps
c) Hepatitis
d) Measles
i) Sanitation of air can be effected by:

a) UV light
b) heating method
c) Mechanical method
d) All the above
ii) Which of the following is used as a coagulant for water treatment?

a) Sodium Sulphate
b) Magnesium Chloride
c) Potassium Chloride
d) Ferrous Sulphate
iii) The organism used for Citric acid production:

a) Pencillium
b) Aspergillus Niger
c) Rhizopus
d) Mucor
iv) PBR 322 is a .

a) plasmid
b) Cosmid
c) Transposomes
d) Episosomer
(Weightage 1x5=5)
SECTION B

6) What do you meant by cloning?
7) What is gene mutation?
8) What is nitrogen fixation?
9) What is meant by cultivation of micro organism?
10) What is inoculation needle?
11) What is a pollution indicator?
12) What is DNA?
13) What is meant by sterilization?
(Weightage: 1x6=6)
SECTION C
14) Write a note on the recombination of DNA and its implication in biotechnological research?
15) What are the major aquatic micro organisms?
16) Describe the preparation microbial samples.
17) Explain the major cultures used in microbial analysis.
18) Briefly describe the principle and working pattern of laminas air flow.
19) Write a method to identify the virus in the environmental component.
(Weightage: 2x4=8)
SECTION D
20) How the microbial genetics helps to control environmental pollution?
21) Write a note on the methods of estimation and isolation of microorganisms in air, water and
soil.
22) Describe the structure and classification of bacteria.
23) Explain the organic farming practices. What is the role of microbiology in organic farming?
(Weightage:
4x2=8)
Calicut University
Syllabus for B.Sc Environment and Water Management)

Semester-V-Open Course I (For students of other main subjects )
Chemistry in Every Day Life
3 Hrs/Week-54 Hrs/sem
6 modules 9x6=54 Hours
Module-I
Soaps,detergents and detergent builders-preparation.difference between soap and detergents.
Clensing action of soaps and detergents. Soaps and detergents as pollutants. Shampoo and toilet
soap preparation
(9 Hours)
Module-II
Food poisoning-food poisoning caused by chemicals,poisonous plants and microorganisms, Food
hygiene in the prevention of food poisoning
(9 Hours)
Module-III
Green Chemistry-Principles of Green Chemistry, Design of Green Synthesis, prevention of waste
and byproducts, Atom Economy, prevention of chemical accidents, microwave assisted green
synthesis, Diels Alder reaction
(9 Hours)
Module-IV
Water Analysis-Water quality monitoring-sampling-analysis of water-physico-chemical and
biological parameters of water-water quality standards-WHO,BIS-Eutrophication (9 Hours)
Module-V
Solid wastes management-Solid wastes-Types,disposal methods-sanitary land filling,
incineration, recycling,composting-composting methods-indoor and Bangalore method, Windros
method.Vermicomposting
(9 Hours)
Module-VI
Environmental Issues- a.Global warming and Green House Effect-Acid Rain-Bhopal Tragedy
b.Environmental movements-Plachimada movement-Silent Valley-Narmada Bachao AndolanChipko movement
(9 Hours)
Reference:
Ahuluwalia,V.K. Green Chemistry
Ahuluwalia,V.K. and M.Kidwai. New trends in Green Chemistry
Misra,S.P.and S.N.Pandey,2009. Essential Environmental Studies, Ane Books Pvt.Ltd
Bhatia,S.C. Environmental Chemistry, CBS publications
De,A.K. Environmental Chemistry,
Bharucha,E. Text Book of Environmental Chemistry, Oxford & IBH
Ahuluwalia,V.K. and Sunita Malhotra Environmental Science, Ane Books Pvt. Ltd
Vth SEMESTER DEGREE EXAMINATION

OPEN COURSE-1 - CHEMISTRY IN EVERY DAY LIFE
Max. Weightage:27
Time : 3 hrs
1.
SECTION A
i) The cardinal principle in waste management is:
a) reduction, reuse and recycling
b) effective management
c) use of latest techniques
d) none of these
ii) Particle size distribution of municipal solid waste is an important parameter to be

considered for:
a) Composting
b) land filling
c) Incineration
d) all the above
iii) The residential and commercial wastes mainly consists of:

a) Food waste
b) Cardboard
c) Packaging materials
d) None of these
iv) Which of the following is important water pollutant?
2.
a) CO2
b) CH4
c) NOx
d) H2S
i) Precipitation occurs when

a) Solubility product exceeds ionic product
b) ionic product exceeds solubility
products
c) Ionic product becomes equal to solubility product d) Saturation occurs
ii) N2 + 3H2 -----2NH3 is a system at equilibrium. What happens when a pressure is
applied to the system?
a) The rate of formation of NH3 increases
b) The rate of formation of NH3
decreases
c) Reaction stops
d) No change occurs in the system.
iii) The indicator used in the titration between dil. H2SO4 and NaOH solution is:
a) Methyl orange
b) N-phenyl anthracitic acid
c) Potassium Ferro cyanide
d) potassium permanganate
iv) The major hydrocarbon emitted into the atmosphere by natural activities such as an
aerobic decomposition of organic matter in water, soil and sediments by micro
organisms is
3.
a) CH4
b) H2S
c) CO2
d) NH3
i) ..is a colourless, odourless, toxic gas slightly soluble in H2O but still is
extremely dangerous because it has a greater affinity for hemoglobin than O2.
a) CH4
b) CO
c) SO2
d) CFC
ii) Which among the following is a heavy metal?

a) Cd
b) Na
c)K
d) Li
iii) The effective separation technique used for the separation of Lanthanide ions is:
a) Ion exchange chromatography
b) sewing
c) filtration
d) paper chromatography
iv) Which among the following is a complexing agent in complexo metric titration ?
a) EDTA
b) KMn04
c) H2SO4
d) K2Cr2O7
i)Sedimentation is a process in which ..deposit at the surface.

ii) The lake water used for coir petting contain..largest amount.
iii) The BIS standard for Hardness in drinking water
iv) Eutrophication causes the decrement of.
5.
i) The engineeringly constructed track for sewage flow is

ii) In a water treatment plant.is generally used for coagulation.
iii) Fluorosis is caused by
iv)Computer parts are categorized aswaste.
(Weightage 1x5=5)
SECTION B
6) What is environmental pollution?

7) What is detergent?
8) What do you mean food poisoning?
9) Explain the word Eutrophication.
10) What is meant by solid waste?
11) Describe the word greenhouse effect?
12) What is acid rain?
13) What is microwave?
(Weightage: 1x6=6)
SECTION C
14) Write a note on silent valley movement.
15) What is Windrose composting?.
16) Describe the major difference between soaps and detergents?
17) What do you mean by chemical accident. Give two examples.
18) Write a note on Plachimada movement.
19) Explain the Bangalore method of composting.
(Weightage: 2x4=8)
SECTION D
20) What is solid waste? What are the major solid waste disposal methods?
21) What is water pollution? Explain the sources of water pollution and their control measures.
22) Write the procedure for the preparation of Shampoo and toilet soap. How they causes
environmental pollution?
23) Briefly describe any one of the environmental issue in your locality.
(Weightage: 4x2=8)
Calicut University
Syllabus for B.Sc. (B.Sc Environment and Water Management)
(Semester-VI-Core-08-EWM-08 Environmental Engineering)

4 Hrs/ week
72 Hours/Sem
-8 Module-9X8=72 Hours
ModuleI- concept development and scope of environmental engineering.

Air Pollution Definition, Air quality, standards, emission standards, sources and classification
of air pollutants, Air pollution control Pollution minimizing practices, air pollution control
devices and technologies Control of stationary source emissions, particulate emissions, gaseous
emissions and control of mobile source emissions.
Module-II-
( 9 hours )
Water supply and Treatment
Water requirements, factors affecting the rate of demand, need for protected water supply,
general layout of a water supply scheme.
Conveyance of water Intakes, types of intakes, factors governing location and construction of
intakes. Conveyance of water (Open channels, aqueducts, pipes)
Water Quality monitoring Sampling, analysis of water, physico-chemical and biological
parameters of water, water quality standards BIS, WHO.,
Module-III
Purification of water Components of a treatment plant.
Distribution system Methods of distribution (Gravity system, pumping system, dual system
with storage, system of supplying water (Continuous system and intermittent system)
Leakage detection, prevention and rectification.
Module-IV-
( 9 hours )
Sanitary Engineering
Scope of sanitary engineering, Terminology of sanitary engineering sewage domestic

sewage, industrial sewage, storm water, sullage, refuse, garbage, sewer, sewerage.
Methods
of
disposal
of
sewage
(Conservancy
system,
water
carriage
system)
( 9 hours )
Module-V-
Sewerage system Shapes of cross section of sewers (rectangular, circular, semi
elliptical, horse shoe, egg shaped)

Materials for sewers (store ware, plain cement concrete, RCC precast, AC pipe, Cast iron, steel).
Laying of sewers (setting out the alignment for sewer laying excavation of trenches, bracing and
dewatering
( 9 hours )
of
trenches,
laying
of
pipe
and
jointing
pipes,
back
filling).
Module-VI- Sewer appurtenances manholes, drop manholes, street inlet, catch basin,
flushing tanks, invested siphons, regulators.
Characteristics of sewage Strength of sewage, sampling of sewage, physico-chemical
and biological characteristics of sewage.
Analysis of sewage Physical, chemical and biological test.
(9hours)
Module-VII- Sewage treatment Importance of sewage treatment, broad outline of sewage

treatment (preliminary treatment, primary treatment, secondary or biological treatment,
disinfection) Sewage disposal Methods of sewage disposal, natural methods (dilution and
land treatment), miscellaneous treatments (oxidation ponds, aerated lagoons, oxidation ditch,
anaerobic lagoons)
Disposal of sewage in limited quantities- septic tank.
Solid waste management-
Sources and generation of solid wastes, their characterization,
chemical composition and classification. Different methods of disposal and management of solid
waste (hospital waste and hazardous waste). Recycling of waste material. Waste minimization
technologies. ( 9 hours )
TextBooks:
Duggal,K.N. 1996. Elements of Environmental Engineering.S.Chand& Co
Sharma,B.K. and H.Kaur- Environmental Chemistry,Goel Publ.,Meerut
Manivasakam,N. Physicochemical examination of water sewage and industrial effluents,
Pragatiprakasan, Meerut
Trivedi,P.R. and Raj Gurdeep.Environment, water and soil analysis,Akashdeep Publ.,New Delhi
Tyagi and Mehera Environmental Chemistry Ammol Pub.,Delhi
De, A.K. Environmental Chemistry
Bhatia,S. Environmental Chemistry. CBS Publ.,New Delhi
Reference
Standard methods of analysis of water and waste water,APHA,Washing DC
Garg, sewage and waste water Engg. disposal
Duggal,K.N. 1993. Elements of Public Health Engineering.S.Chand& Co
Rao,C.S,1991. Environmental Pollution control Engineering, New Age Int.,Ltd
Hussain,S.K.,1976. A text book of water supply and sanitary engineering. Oxford and IBH
VIth SEMESTER DEGREE EXAMINATION
EWM-08. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Time : 3 hrs
1.
Max. Weightage:27
SECTION A
i)Which of the following can cause depletion of ozone?
a) H2S
b) No
c) Smoke
d) Aerosol
ii) The presence of which of the following gases in the air checks the ultraviolet light
from sunlight?
a) Sulphur dioxide
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen oxide
d) Ozone
iii)Which of the following causes damage to the blood?

a)Calcium
b) Magnesium
c) Arsenic
d) Lead
iv) Mercury is emitted into air by:
2.
a)burning coal
b) burning garbage
c) coal fire
d) steam engine
i) Waste water treatment plant contribute major quantities of:

a) Oxygen demanding substances
b) Oxygen depleting substances
c) dissolved oxygen
d) None of these
ii) Which of the following organisms is most tolerant to sewage pollution.

a) Scenedermus
b) Daphmia
c) Chironomous
d) Chlorella
iii) Composting offers a method of processing and recycling of:

a) garbage
b) sewage sludge
c) both the above
d) none of these
iv) The problem of waste management is becoming complicated day to day due to:
a) Obsolete techniques employed for waste management
b) Large population
c) Insanitary methods adopted for disposal solid waste
d) all the above
3.
i) The cardinal principle in waste management is:

a) reduction, reuse and recycling
b) effective management
c) use of latest techniques
d) none of these
ii) Particle size distribution of municipal solid waste is an important parameter to be

considered for:
a) Composting
b) land filling
c) Ineuveration
d) all the above
iii) The residential and commercial wastes mainly consists of:

a) Food waste
b) Cardboard
c) Packaging materials
d) None of these
iv) Which of the following are important water pollutant?

a) CO2
b) CH4
c) NOx
d) H2S
i)Sedimentation is a process in which ..deposit at the surface.

ii) The lake water used for coir petting contain..largest amount.
iii) The BIS standard for Harducts in drinking water
iv) Eutrophication causes the decrement of.
5.
i) The engineeringly constructed track for sewage flow is

ii) In a water treatment plant.is generally used for coagulation.
iii) Fluorosis is caused by
iv) computer pasts are categorized aswaste.
(Weightage 1x5=5)
SECTION B
6) What is Photoshop?
7) What is temperature inversion?
8) Describe the geostrophic wind.
9) Explain the refraction of light.
10) What is Doppler effect?
11) What is meant by binding energy?
12) What is Standard deviation?
13) What do you meant by landslide?
(Weightage: 1x6=6)
SECTION C
14) What is Remote sensing? What are the major components of remote sensing technique?
15) What is the principles of Geographic information system (GIS)?
16) What is wind? What are the different types of wind?

17) Describe the various process involved in the Earths heat balance.
18) Briefly describe the rock types with examples.
19) What is weathering? What are the various process involved in weathering?
(Weightage: 2x4=8)
SECTION D
20) What are the application of Remote sensing in Environmental protection?
21) How the Geographic Information System(GIS) helps to maintain sustainable development?
22) What are the major theories proposed for the origin of Earth? Describe briefly the structure
and composition of Earth.
23) What is pollution? Write a note on the noise pollution and its control measures.
(Weightage: 4x2=8)
Calicut University
Semester-VI-Core-09 EWM-09-Environmental Issues and sustainable development

3Hrs/Week(54 hours/Sem-Module-6-9x6=54 Hours)
ModuleI-
Man-
Environment
relationship, Anthropogenic
effects
on
the
natural
environment, Environmental degradation.

Environmental pollution Definition, causes of environmental pollution population,
urbanization,
industrialization,
transportation.
Module-II-
resource
consumption,
deforestation,
agriculture
and
(9 hours)
Types of pollution-Air pollution- Sources, effects and control measures.
Water pollution - Sources, effects and control measures.

Land pollution - Sources, effects and control measures.
Noise pollution - Sources, effects and control measures.
Thermal pollution - Sources, effects and control measures. (9 hours)
Module-III- Major environmental issues Global climate change green house effects, global
warming, change in rainfall pattern, storms, sea level change, change in agricultural productivity.
El Nino and La Nina.
( 9 hours )
Module-IV- Construction of dams

Genetic pollution G.M seeds.
Land degradation desertification, salinization , alkalinization.
Nuclear issues Nuclear fallout, Nuclear power.
Ozone depletion
Solid and liquid waste
Oil pollution
Module-V-
(9 hours)
Sustainable development:-
Concept - Sustainable development approaches. The strategies for sustainable industrialization,

agriculture, urbanization, transport system and sustainable resource consumption;
Need for change in development philosophy based on human needs and not greed. Environment
friendly products and technologies, non-polluting energy sources,
Equity in resource distribution and consumption.
Revival of traditional system of development with modern scientific knowledge.
Industrial plant location and sustainable city planning.
( 9 hours)
Module-VI- Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Introduction to EIA, objectives of an EIA study, components of an EIA study.
Environmental Impact statement and Environmental Management plan, EIA guidelines 1994,
Notification of Government of India. Environment Impact assessment methodologies,
Generalized approach to impact analysis.
Concept of Environmental Audit Guidelines for environmental audit.
Environmental monitoring programmes, Remedial measures for negative impact. (9 hours)
Books:
Purohit, S.S, Shammi, Q. Land Agarwal, A.K; A text book of Environmental science, student
edition publishers, Jodhpur, 2004.
Caster, L.W, 1977 Environmental Impact Analysis, Mc Grace Hill publication, New
De, AK. Environmental chemistry, New age International Pvt. Ltd. publishers, New
Delhi.
Delhi, 3rd
edition, 1996.
Ahluwalia, V.K and Sunitha Malhotra, Environmental science, Ane Books Pvt. Ltd. publishers,
New Delhi.
References
Anil Tyagi, Environmental Sceince, Danika publishing company, New Delhi, 2007.
Agarwal, S.K and Dubey, P.S, Environmental controversies. APH publishing corporation, New
Delhi, 2002.
Anubha Kaushik, perspectives in Environmental studies, New Age Intl. Publ, New Delhi, - 2004.
Cunmingham,W and Cunmingham, M.A, Principles of Environmental Science, Enquiry and
applications, Tata Mc Graw hills publication, New Delhi, 2nd edition, 2003.
Goel, P.K, Water pollution; causes, effects and control, New age Int Pvt. Ltd. Publishe.rs, 1997.
Kumar, A.D, Forest resources, Conservation and Management, Affiliated East West press Pvt.
Ltd, 2001.
Miller,G.Tyler, Environmental Science, Brooks/Cole,Thomas Learning, Inc, USA, 8th edi., 2001.
Sharma, H.S and Khan, T.I, Environmental conservation of depleting resources and sustainable
development, Aavishkar publishers, Distribution, Jaipur, 2003.
Khitoliya, R.K, Environmental pollution, S.Chand andCompany Ltd, New Delhi, 2004.
Bedes, S, The Nature of sustainable development, scribe publication, Australia, 1993.
The World commission on Env. & Development; Our common future; Oxford University Press.
EWM-09. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVLOPMENT
Time : 3 hrs
Max. Weightage:27
SECTION A

1.
i)The basic reason behind the environmental pollution is
a) Industrialization
b) transportation
c) over population
d) agriculture
ii)Eutrophication is related to ..to the following

a) water pollution
b) Land pollution
c) air pollution
d) noise pollution
iii)Which of the following is more related to El-Nino?

a)Green house effect
b) Smog
c)global climate change
d) water pollution
iv) Which of the following human activity leads to Narmada Bachao Andolan
2.
a)Deforestation
b) Dam construction
c) Pollution
d) Industrialization
i) The sullage is a component of.

a) air pollutant
b) water pollutant
c) Nuclear pollutant
d) Thermal pollutant
ii) Which of the following is an example for PoPs.

a) dioxins
b) DDT
c) Sox
d) H2S
iii) Chernobyl accident was related to

a) Mercury poisoning
b) Nuclear power plant
c) photo chemical smog
d) biomagnification
iv) Largest source of air pollution in cities are
3.
a) sewage
b) Industries
c) Automobiles
d) tanneries
i) A pollutant not released by exhaust of automobiles is :

a) SO2
b) Co
c) Fly ash
d) Hydrocarbons
ii) Ozone in lower atmosphere is an example of :

a) Primary pollutant
b) Secondary pollutant
c)Tertiary pollutant
d) Not a pollutant
iii) The most widely found pollutant in the air is :

a) CO2
b) CFC
c) Co
d) SO2
iv) BOD stands for :
4.
a) Bio chemical oxygen demand
b) Biome of desert
c) Boron and oxygen depletion
d) None of these
i)Soil pollution is caused by :

a) Industrial waste
b) Detergents
c) Agrochemicals
d) All of these
ii) Aquatic life is damaged by :

a) Sound pollution
b) Air pollution
c) Thermal pollution
d) All of these
iii) Solid wastes include :

a) Garbage
b) Rubbish
c) Hazardous wastes
d) All of these
iv) MIC is related with :
5.
a) Taj Mahal
b) London smog
c) Acrosols
d) Bhopal Gas Tragedy
i) The major green house gas is :

a) FC
b) CO
c) CO2
d) Freon
ii) The main cause of Acid rain is :

a) O2
b) CO2
c) H2O
d) SO2
iii) Main cause of population explosion in India is :

a) Good health
b) Higher percentage of female
c) Prosperity
d) Poverty
iv) World environmental day is celebrated on :

a) August 5th
b) June 5th
c) September 25th
d) January 13th
(Weightage 1x5=5)
SECTION B
30.
Define environment?
31.
Write a note on afforestation.
32.
What is water logging?
33.
What are non renuable resources?
34.
Write a note on Bhopal gas tragedy.
35.
What is photochemical smog?
36.
Explain land degradation.
37.
What is meant by nuclear fall out?

(Weightage 1x6=6)
SECTION C
14.
Describe the non polluting energy sources with examples.
15.
Describe the various effects of environment on human health.
16.
Explain the causes and concerns of population explosion.
17.
Define waste lands. How to classify them?
18.
Discuss the various issues related to displacement, resettlement and rehabilitation of large
population.
19.
Describe the sustainable energy consumption.

SECTION D
26
What are the major causes of environmental pollution?
27
What is pollution? How to classify it? Describe its control measures.
28
What is global climate change. How does it affects the environment?
29
i) Describe the strategies for sustainable development.

ii) Briefly describe the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) with its objectives?
(Weightage: 4x2=8)
Calicut University
Semester-VI-Core-10
EWM-10- Natural Resource Conservation and Disaster Management
3 Hrs/Week-54Hrs/Sem 6 Modules-9x6=54 Hours).
Module-I-
Natural resource conservation:
Natural resource Definition Concept, classification of natural resources (Renewable and non
renewable resources)
Renewable resources
Land / Soil resources Land as a resource, land degradation,
conservation measures.
Water resources Use and over utilization of surface and ground water, conflict over water,
conservation practices.
Forest resources Use and over exploitation, deforestation, Timber extraction, forestation.
Plants and animal resources over exploitation, species extinction, control measures.
(9 hours)
Module-II-
Non renewable resources
Energy resources:-Non renewable energy resources Fossil fuels (Coal, Petroleum and natural
gas), nuclear fuel.
Renewable energy resources (Biomass, Bio fuel, Hydropower, Tidal energy, wave energy, wind
energy, geothermal energy, solar energy, magneto hydrodynamic power, Hydrogen energy).
(9 hours)
Module-III-
Mineral resources Mineral wealth of our planet, non renewable nature of
mineral deposits, the inexhaustible nature of mineral elements, use and exploitation of mineral
resources, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources. Remedial measures.
Food resources World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and over grazing, effects
of modern agriculture, merits of conventional agricultural system.
( 9 hours )
B Disaster Management
Module-IV-
1) Natural hazards:
Flood causes, nature and frequency of flood. Flood hazard, Urbanization and flooding, Flood
mitigation methods.
Land Slides Causes, prevention and correction.
Coastal hazards Tropical cyclone and tsunamis, coastal erosion, sea level changes and impact
on coastal areas.
Earth quakes Causes, intensity and magnitude of earth quakes, geographical distribution of
earth zones and seismic waves, nature of destruction, protection from earthquake hazards.
Module-V-
e) Volcanism Nature, extend and causes of volcanism, volcanic materials and
pollution, geographical distribution of volcanoes.

f) Lightning Adverse effects, mitigation measures.
(4 hours)
2) Disaster Management:Concept and scope of disaster management / emergency management.

Phases
and
professional
activities
Mitigation,
preparedness,
response,
recovery.
( 5 hours )
Module-VI- Tools of Disaster management Emergency Management Information Systems
(EIMS) organizations related to disaster management.
International organizations International Association of Emergency Managers, Red cross/Red

crescent, United Nations, World Bank.
National Organizations National Disaster Management of India, Emergency management and
research institute (EMRI), National remote sensing institute (NIRS).
(9 hours)
Books:
Misra,S.P and Pandey,S.N.-2009-Essential Environmental Studies, Ane Book Pvt. Ltd.,Chennai
Kormondy,E.J Concept of Ecology. Prentice Hall of India
Bharucha,E. Text book of Environmental Studies,Orient Longman
Natural resource,From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
References:
Anil Tyagi, Environmental Sceince, Danika publishing company, New Delhi, 2007.
Barrington EJW, Environmental Biology. Resource and Environmental Science series, Edward
Arnold (pub) Ltd. London.
Purohit, S.S, Shammi, Q. Land Agarwal, A.K; A text book of Environmental science, student
edition publishers, Jodhpur, 2004.
R.K khitoliya and K. Venkatachalam )(1997), Urban settlements and Natural hazards.
Proceedings of seminar on Natural hazards in the Urban habitat. November, New Delhi.
Arya,A.S (1997) key note Address, Seminar on Built Environment & Natural hazards. Indian
buildings congress. February, New Delhi.
Dr. Satendra, Disaster Management in Hills, Concept Publishing Co., New Delhi.
D.K. Asthana and Meera Asthana, Environment: Problems and Solutions,
S. Chand & Co., New Delhi
T. N. Khoshoo Environmental Concerns and Strategies, , Ashish Publishing
House, New Delhi
EWM-10. NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Time : 3 hrs
Max. Weightage:27
SECTION A
1.
i) Fossil fuels are :

a) Non renewable and exhaustible
b) Inexhaustible resources
c) Non renewable resources d) Renewable resources

ii) Most of the worlds gold resources occur in :
a) North America
b) South America
c) Africa
d) India
iii) The state of India with maximum percentage of its area covered by forest is
a) Rajasthan
b) Karnataka
c) Bihar
d) Madhya pradesh
iv) An example of lotic water body is
2.
a) River
b) Pond
c) Lake
d) Reservoir
i) Which of them is most responsible for world water crisis?

a) Floods
b) Dams
c) Drought
d) Population Growth
ii) The mineral that virtually has monopoly in India is :

a) Tin
b) Uranium
c) Thorium
d) Mica
iii) A cleaner source of energy is :

a) Coal
b) Oil
c) Natural gas
d) Hydro power
iv) The first nuclear power station established in India is :
3.
a) Kalpakam
b) Tharapore
c) Narora
d) Raw at bhata
i) The biggest Indian desert is :

a) Gobi
b) Sahara
c) Thar
d) Takla Makan
ii) Which of them is not directly proportional to resource use?

a) Population Growth
b) Industrialization
c) Tribal density
d) Education
iii) Use of natural resources is excessive in :

a) Brazil
b) United states
c) India
d) Africa
iv) The states with most of their lands as waste lands are :
4.
a) Uttar Pradesh & Bihar
b) Andhra Pradesh & Tamilnadu
c) Rajasthan & Madhya Pradesh
d) Assam & Tripura
i) Tsunami disaster of 2004 was the result of :

a) Earth Quake
b) Super cyclone
c) Land slide
d) None of these
ii) National Disaster Management Division works under the ministry of :

a) Environment & forest
b) Finance
c) Home
d) Family Welfare
iii) A man made disaster is :

a) Earth quake
b) Cyclone
c) Chernobyl disaster
d) Flood
iv) Magnitude or intensity of earth quake is measured by :
5.
a) Richter scale
b) Thermograph
c) Sound level meter
d) Sonometer
i) India faced verse food problem during :

a) 1940s
b) 1950s
c) 1960s
d) 1970s
ii) CNG is preferred over LPG because it is :

a) Costlier than LPG
b) Lighter than LPG
c) Easy to transport
d) Causes less pollution
iii) IPPC is related with :

a) Global climate change
b) Tsunami disaster
c) Biodiversity conservation
d) Green house effect
iv) Reducing smog is caused by :

a) NOx
b) SOx
c) CH4
d) CFC
SECTION B
38.
Define natural resources?
39.
What you meant by agro forestry?
40.
What is land degradation?
41.
What is species extinction?
42.
Explain magneto hydrodynamic power.
43.
What is conventional agriculture system?
44.
What is landslides?
45.
Describe the word volcanic materials with two examples.

(Weightage 1x6=6)
SECTION C
14.
What are the organizations related to disaster management?
15.
Write a note on coastal erosion. How to control it?
16.
What are the merits and non merits of conventional agricultural practices?
17.
Discuss the mineral wealth of India.
18.
Describe the word geothermal thermal energy.
19.
What are the major causes of desertification?

(Weightage 2x4=8)
SECTION D
30
What are the major natural resources? How does it depleting?
31
Write a note on renewable and non renewable energy sources.
32
What is natural hazards? Explain it with mitigation measures.
23.
Explain briefly the Disaster Management System.

(Weightage: 4x2=8)
Calicut University
Syllabus for B.Sc Environment and Water Management)
Semester-VI-Open Course II (For EWM students-Elective)
Environmental Economics, Policies and laws

3 Hrs/Week-54 Hrs/sem
Module-I-
6 modules 9x6=54 Hours
Concept of Environmental Economics.
Scope of environmental economics, Need for integrated study of ecology and economics,
pollution and its effects on economy, Economic valuation techniques for environmental benefits,
solution to correct externalities (environmental regulations, cost benefit analysis, quotas on
pollution, taxes and tariffs on pollution.)
Module-II-
(9 hours)
Environmental Equity Inequity in development projects, Environment
management practices, Development of internal standards and other International standard

ISO.
(9 hours)
Module-III- Environmental Policies and Laws

Historical background Major environmental policy and laws of Government of India
for the protection of air, water, soil, forest, wild life etc.
a) Indian forest act 1927.
b) Wild life protection act 1972
c) The Water (Prevention and control of pollution) Act 1974. (9 hours)
Module-IV-
The Air (Prevention and control of pollution) Act 1981.
a) The Environment (protection) Act 1986.

b) National Environmental Tribunal Act 1995.
c) The National Environmental Appellate Authority Act 1997.
d) Hospital Waste Management & Handling Rules 1998.
Module-V-
(9 hours)
Important International Conventions / Conference
a)Stockholm Conference 1973.
b )Rio summit 1992
c) Montreal protocol 1987.
d) Kyoto protocol 1997
e ) Ramsar convention - 1971

Objectives and fields of activity of United Nations related to the environment-ESOSEC, UNDP,
WCED, UNEP, UNCED, IUCN. (9 hours)
Module-VI- Environmental protection in India
Natural laws The articles of Human Rights Declaration related to environment Article-3
Right to life, Article-7- Equality before law, Article-17- Right to property, Article-23- Work
Environment.
Regulating Agencies in India - Ministry of Environment and Forest, Central and State Pollution
control Boards.
(9 hours)
Books:
Leela Krishnan, Law and Environment.
References:
World commission on Environment and Development ; Our common future. Oxford
University Press publications.
Adiseshiah M.S (1987) Economics of Environment.
Victor P.A (1972) The Economics of Pollution, Mathau, London Publication.
Rogene and Buchoiz (1993) Principles of Environmental management, Prentice Hall
publications.
Indian Institute of Ecology and Environment, New Delhi.
1. Occasional monographs 11,22,41,42,51,70,77,87
2. Environment International 42,51,71,72,75,76,84,85,86.
Roscheraz, Environment law and policy in India.
Lohithakshan (2002), Paristhithi Niyamangal, Kerala State Institute of Languages
(Malayalam).
Handbook of Environmental Laws, Acts, Rules, Guidelines, Compliances
and Standards, Vol. I and II, BS Publications, Hyderabad.
B.L.Chavan, A.R.Shahane and C.S. Rawandale, Introduction to Environmental Legislation,
Asian Inst. Env. Law., Karmala.
OPEN COURSE-II - ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS, POLICIES AND LAWS
Time : 3 hrs
Max. Weightage:27
SECTION A
1.
i) The most obvious global environmental issues include:

a) Global warming and ozone depletion b) burning of fossil fuel
c) Acid rain
d) Air and water pollution
ii) The Environmental Protection Act was passed on:

a) 1992
b) 1986
c) 1984
d) 1976
iii) India is not a signatory to:

a)Kyoto protocol
b) Vienna convention
c) UNESCO Convention 1975
d) UNESCO Convention 1985.
iv) Which of the following is related to biodiversity conservation?
2.
a) Cartagena protocol
b) Kyoto protocol
c) Montreal protocol
d) Vienna convention
i) Stockholm conference was held on:

a) 1997
b) 1973
c) 1987
d) 1992
ii) The convention for wetland conservation.

a) Rio summit
b) Ramsar convention
c) Montreal protocol
d) Kyoto protocol
iii) Which article protect the work environment?

a) Article-7
b) Article-23
c) Article-17
d) Article-3
iv) Taj Trapezium notification prevent:
3.
a) Industries
b) Thermal power plants
c) Tanneries
d) Water Pollution
i) Recycled plastics manufacture and usage rules was implemented on:

a) 1990
b) 1999
c) 2000
d) 1998
ii) Central Pollution Control Board was constituted in:

a) 1974
b) 1972
c) 1963
d) 1977
iii) BIS is working under :

a) Ministry of Environment and Forest b) Ministry of Home
c) Ministry of Law
d) Ministry of Civil Supplies
iv) National Environmental Engineering Laboratory located at:
a) Delhi
b) Patna
c) Nagpur
d) Mumbai
i) ISO is a .standard
ii) The expansion of IUCN is.
iii) The protocol in which control CO2.
iv) Kerala State Pollution Control Board located in..
5.
i) The Article..gives right to property.

ii) The Head Quarter of UNEP is.
iii) An example for regional environmental problem
iv) The first peacock sanctuary in India is
(Weightage 1x5=5)
SECTION B
6) What do you meant by environmental economics?

7) What is meant by environmental equity?
8) Describe the term environmental policy.
9) What is Montral protocol-1987?
10) What is WCED?
11) What is environmental pollution?
12) Write the expansion of UNCED and IUCN.
13) Describe the coverage of Article 3 of the constitution.
(Weightage: 1x6=6)
SECTION C
14) Write a note on Stockholm conference 1973.
15) Briefly describe the hospital waste management & Handling rules 1998.
16) Explain the main features of wild life protection Act-1972 ?
17 ) What are the major internal and international standards for Environmental equity?
18) What are the scope of environmental economics?
19) What are the major environmental regulating agencies in India?
(Weightage: 2x4=8)
SECTION D
20) Write a note on the important International Conventions for the environmental protection.
21) i)Briefly explain the Air (Prevention and control) Act-1981.
ii)Describe the importance of the Water (Prevention and control of pollution) Act-1974.
22) Explain the economic valuation technique for environmental protection.
23) Write a note on Environmental (Protection) Act-1986.
(Weightage: 4x2=8)
Calicut University
EWM-P2 and EWM-P4-Environmental Biology Practicals: 2 Hrs/Week- 38 Hrs/Sem
(I and II Semester Practical Examinations to be conducted at end of IVth Semester)
1.Quantitative and Qualitative analysis of Phytoplankton
2.Primary Productivity-Light and Dark bottle method./Chlorophyll method

4.Terrestrial-Biomass
5.Screening Test-(Demonstration Only)
a. Using fish LC 50/
b.Macrophytes-Germination
6. Study of vegetation of local area/college campus
7. Study of fauna of local area/college campus
8. To find out minimum size of the quadrat for vegetation study
9. Study of vegetation density by quadrat method
10.Study of vegetation frequency by quadrat method.
11 Study of Phytoplankton.
12.Study of Zooplankton
13.Determination of water transparency by Secchi disc method.
14.Study of aerial photographs.
15. Study of Ecological adaptations of Hydrophytes
16. Study of Ecological adaptations of Xerophytes
17. Study of Ecological adaptations of Epiphytes
18. Study of Ecological adaptations of Halophytes
19. Field visit to terrestrial/aquatic environments/protected area/area of ecological interest.
20. Study tour (one day)
Reference:
1.Misra, Ecology Work Book
2.Kanika Sharma,2008.Manual of Microbiology-Tools and Techniques,Ane Books India
3. Cappucino,J.G. and Sherman.N.Microbiology A Laborotory Hand Book3.
Calicut University
Syllabus for EWM P3 and EWM-P4-Environmental Chemistry Practicals
2 Hrs/Week-38 Hrs/Sem
III & IV Semester( Practical Examinations to be conducted at end of IVth Semester
I Water Analysis
1.
Determination of pH (2) Determination of conductivity
3.
Determination of D.O (4)Determination of total solids (Gravimetry)
5.
Determination of total dissolved solids (Gravimetry)
6.
Determination of total suspended solids (Gravimetry)
7.
Determination of chlorides
8.
Estimation of carbon dioxide
9.
Estimation of iron (Colourimetry)
10.
Estimation of residual chlorine
II Soil Analysis
1.
Determination of soil pH
2.
Determination of soil moisture content
3.
Estimation of soil chloride
4.
Determination of Soil Texture
Calicut University
EWM P6 and EWM P8-Environmental Biology Practicals
3Hrs/Week-54 Hrs/Sem
V & VI Sem.( Practical Exams to be conducted at end of VI Semester)
V semester
Microscopy
Bright field
Phase Contrast (Demonstration visit to near by research Institutes)
Dark field(Demonstration visit to near by research Institutes)
Fluorescent(Demonstration visit to near by research Institutes)
Staining
Simple,gram,spore,Lactophenol cotton blue staining, -ve staining
Identification using Permanent Slides
1.gram +ve Streptococcus,Staphylococcus, Clostridium etc.
2.gram ve-E.coli. Klebsiella,Pseudomonas, Vibrio
3.Acid fast organism-Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Mycobacterium leprae
4.Parasites- Entamoeba,Plasmodium etc
Media Preparation: Liquid and Solid Media
Differential and selective media-blood agar and Mac Konky agar, s-eosin methyline blue
agar,tcbs
1.Nutrient agar Media,
2.Nutrient Broth
Sterilization Technique
Hot air oven, Autoclave
Testing of Sterility
Using strips
VI semester/4 Hrs/Sem
Pure Culture Technique
Pour plate,streak,Spread plate
Enumeration of Microorganism
Bacteria,Fungi and Actinomycetes from soil
Anaerobic culture Bell jar/Mc Intosh jar
MPN test
Presumptive,confirmatory,complete
MILK QUALITY TEST-MBRP
BOD
Identification:
Biochemical Test:
1.Carbohydrate fermentation test
IMVIC Test(4 Test),
TSI Test
Enzyme production
Catalase test, Oxidase test,Ureases test
Nitrite reduction test,Nitrate reduction test,Ammonification test
Nitrogen fixation
Calicut University
Syllabus for (B.Sc Environment and Water Management)
3Hrs/Sem-54 Hrs/Sem
EWM P5 and EWM P&-Environmental Chemistry Practicals
V & VI Semester( Practical Examinations to be conducted at end of VI semester)
Practicals
I
Water Analysis
1.
Hardness
2.
Chemical oxygen demand (COD)
3.
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
4.
Estimation of fluoride
5.
Estimation of phosphate
6.
Estimation of Nitrate
7.
Estimation of Nitrite
8.
Estimation of Total Nitrogen ( Kjeldahl method)(Demonstration)
9.
Estimation of Sodium & Potassium (Flame photometry)(Demonstration)
10.
Detection of pesticides using TLC / paper chromatography
11.
Analysis of heavy metals As, Hg, Pb, Cd(Demonstration)
12.
Estimation of sulphate
II
Soil Analysis
1.
Determination of TOC
2.
Determination of ca+ & mg+
3.
Analysis of soil sulphate (Gravimetry)
III
Air Quality Analysis(Demonstration only-One day trip to Kerala State
Pollution Control Board,Palakkad)

1.
Particulate matter
2.
NOx
3.
SOx

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UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

GENERAL AND ACADEMIC BRANCH I J SECTION

Read: 1. U.O.No.GAI/J2/3601/08 Vol.II dated 19.06.2009.

Environment & Water

Hrs/ Total Credit

Hrs/ Total Credit

Common Course VII

Hrs/ Total Credit

Hrs/ Total Credit

Hrs/ Total Credit

I SEMESTER DEGREE EXAMINATION

ii) Which of the following is not a physiographic factor?

c) Elevation and slopes

iii The movement of animals in response to light is known as:

c) both the above

d) none of the above

i) Which of the following constituents of atmospheric air remains constant?

d) None of the above

ii) Which of the following is a primary consumer?

iii) The study of individual organisms relationship with its environment is

iv) The word ecosystem was first coined by:

i) Pyramid of number in a grass land or crop ecosystem is:

c) any of the two

d) none of the above

ii) Ecosystem has two components namely:

b) Weeds and trees

c) biotic and abiotic

d) none of the above

iii) The energy flow in organisms is:

d) none of the above

i) India faced verse food problem during :

ii) CNG is preferred over LPG because it is :

b) Lighter than LPG

d) Causes less pollution

iii) IPPC is related with :

c) Biodiversity conservation d) Green house effect

Fill in the blanks:5.

i) The forest that never burns..

Explain the term population ecology.

What you meant by ecological adoptation?

Distinguish between ecads and ecopypes.

What is food chain?

Explain the term ecotone.

What you meant by edge effects?

What is succession? Write a note on the climax stage.

Describe the biochemical cycle with examples.

What is environmental factor? Describe briefly the topographic factor.

What are the various interaction in the ecosystem?

What is food chain? Explain the types of food chain in an ecosystem.

Write a note on the ecological adaptations of Xerophyte with examples.

What are the various components of environment? Explain their interactions.

a) Describe briefly the population characteristics.

II SEMESTER DEGREE EXAMINATION

iii) The lion tailed macaque is a:

iv) Choose the odd one from the following;

i) Large protected areas to preserve a representative sample of entire biotic component of

c) Tropical rain forest

b) Indian Board of wildlife

c) The wildlife Institute of India

d) World wild fund for nature in India

iv) The concept of Biosphere Reserve was evolved by:

b) Zoological survey of India

c) Botanical survey of India