Details of Excitation system of Alternator

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Electrical Engineering Blog

Electrical Machine , Generator

Details of Excitation system of

Alternator
July 1, 2013 | Shah Emdad Limon | 1 Comment

Excitation system of Alternator is one of the most important topics of Electrical Engineering. We all know that on the basis of excitation system, Alternators mainly are
of two types-(1)Separately Excited system,(2) Self Excited system.

Separately and self excited system of Alternator

The basic difference is that separately excited system have Permanent Magnet Generator (PMG) for powering the Automatic Voltage Regulator(AVR)and there is one
Isolation Transformer for sensing the voltage for AVR and in the other hand for
self-excited Alternator, there is residual magnetism in the exciter field to initialize
the voltage ramp-up process and after voltage build-up, Isolation Transformer which
is responsible for voltage sensing for AVR , start powering the AVR as well. Which
means in self-excited Alternator, Isolation Transformer is responsible for two
things-(1) Sensing Voltage (2) Powering AVR after initial voltage build-up due to
residual magnetism.

01

Separately excited system of Alternator

02

Operation of separately excited machine

Self excited system of Alternator

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Operation of self excited machine

Self excited alternator problem- lack of Residual

Magnetism
Sometimes you may face one problem that there is no voltage build-up in the
Self-excited Alternator. The reason is lack of Residual Magnetism. Then what you
have to do, remove the AVR, flash the exciter field by connecting a 12V DC battery
and a blocking diode to the exciter field and after that start the engine, if you see
now voltage is building up, then it is confirm that Exciter field has been flashed successfully. Now stop the engine and remove the battery & blocking diode, connect the
AVR and again start the engine to make sure that the Alternator is back in operation.

Advantages of PMG Excitation Support Systems

01 A PMG with its appropriate regulator can enhance a generators transient performance because it will provide a constant Ac voltage input to the automatic
voltage regulator(AVR) regard less of the generators terminal voltage.

02 When the load on the generator is nonlinear due to thyrister (SCR) power supplies such as UPS Systems, variable speed drives etc. the load may produce
notches on the voltage severe enough to cause misfiring of the power rectifiers in a
shunt excited generators AVR. When this occurs , the generators terminal voltage
will become unstable.

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If the generator is fitted with a PMG, the input power to the AVR is isolated from
these disturbances, and no voltage un-stability will occur.

03 A PMG is constructed with a permanent magnet rotor which has a very strong
magnetic field. This eliminates the need for field flashing which is sometimes
necessary with shunt type synchronous generators.

04 Strong and very fast voltage build-up.

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9 .

Electrical System Electrical machine Alternator & DC generator Here

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Alternator

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ONE THOUGHT ON DETAILS OF EXCITATION SYSTEM OF

ALTERNATOR
John
NOVEMBER 1, 2013 AT 5:13 AM

THANK YOU really helpful

20/09/2016 06:05