SUMMARY HARDWARE

5.1Hardware
5.5.1
Motherboard/
Mainboard/
system board

5.5.1
Processor/CPU

5.5.3 Memory

System unit / system chassis : Case that contains electronic components of the computer used to
process data
Definition
Main circuit board of the system unit, which has some electronic
components attached to it and others built into it.
Function
1. Holds many components of the system.
2. Provides connectors for other peripherals.
Main / Basic Component
1. Processor Slot
Function : houses a CPU and forms the electrical
interface with the CPU
2
1
2. Memory Slot
Function: Slots on the motherboard that hold
memory modules (RAM).
3. Adapter Card
Function: Slots on the motherboard that can hold
3
Slots / Expansion
adapter cards.
Slot
Definition CPU
An electronic component on a computers motherboard that interprets
and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer.
Function CPU
To interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a
computer.
Component
Control Unit (CU)
Function: Directs and coordinates most of the
operations in the computer.
Arithmetic Logic
Function: Performs arithmetic(+,-x,/), and
Unit (ALU)
logical/comparison (equal to, less than)
operations
Machine Cycle Diagram
1. Fetch
CU fetches the data / instructions from memory.
2. Decode
CU decodes the instructions and sends the
instructions to the ALU.
3. Execute
ALU performs the actual operations.
4. Store
ALU stores the result in memory.
Definition

Type

Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be

executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and
the results of processing the data (information).
Volatile
Non-volatile
Store
data
permanently: Will keep
Hold data/ programs temporary:
its contents even when the power is
Will lost its contents when the
turned off.
power is turned off.

SUMMARY HARDWARE
Data can be read from memory and
written to memory by processor.
Example: RAM

RAM vs ROM

5.5.4 Input &

Output Device

RAM

ROM

Its contents are lost when the

device is turned off
Holds data or programs temporarily
that are currently being used by the
processor.
Data can be read from memory and
written to memory by processor
Example: SRAM, DRAM, MRAM

Its contents are retained even when

the device is powered off.
Store data permanently

Input: is any data and instructions entered into the

memory of a computer
Input device: is any hardware component that allows
users to enter data and instructions into a computer
INPUT DEVICE
Keyboard

Pointing device :
Mouse

Trackball
Touchpad
Pointing stick

Touch screen

Data is prerecorded for read only

and cannot be removed.
Example: ROM

Data is prerecorded for read only

and cannot be removed
Example: EPROM, PROM,EEPROM

Output: is data that has been processed into a usefu

form
Output device: is any type of hardware component
that
conveys information to one or more people
FUNCTION
an input device that contains keys users press to enter data and
instructions into
a computer
input device that allows a user to control a pointer on the screen
Most widely used pointing device on desktop computers to move the
pointer on the screen to an object such as a button, a menu, an icon,
a link, or text.
a stationary pointing device with a ball on its top or side.
a small, flat, rectangular pointing device that is sensitive to pressure
and motion.
a pressure-sensitive pointing device shaped like a pencil eraser that is
positioned
between keys on a keyboard
-A touch-sensitive display device
-Users can interact with touch screens by touching areas of the

SUMMARY HARDWARE
Pen input / Pen stylus
Game controllers :
Game pads
Joystick and wheel
Light guns
Dance pad
Motion sensing controller
Digital camera

Scanners and Reading

Device:
Flatbed scanner

Voice inputmicrophone
Audio input

Video input :
Video camera, Web
camera
Optical Readers
Scanner :
Optical character
recognition (OCR)
Optical mark
recognition (OMR)
Bar code scanner

screen.
You touch a stylus or digital pen on a flat surface to write, draw, or
make selections.
input device that directs movements and actions of on-screen objects

mobile device that allows users to take pictures and store the
photographed
images digitally

Capture data from a source document, which is the original form of

data.
works in a manner similar to a copy machine except it creates a file of
the
document in memory instead of a paper copy
The process of entering input by speaking into a microphone.
the process of entering any sound into the computer such as speech,
music, and
sound effects.
Process of capturing full-motion images and storing them on a
computer.
a device that uses a light source to read characters, marks, and codes
and then
converts them into digital data that a computer can process.
Technology that involves reading characters from ordinary documents.
Reads hand-drawn marks such as small circles or rectangles.
An optical reader that uses laser beams to read bar codes by using

SUMMARY HARDWARE
Bar code reader
Radio frequency
identification
(RFID)
Magnetic stripe card
reader
Magnetic ink
character
recognition (MICR)
Biometric input
device :
Fingerprint reader
Face recognition system
Hand geometry system
Voice verification system
Retinal scanner

OUTPUT DEVICE
Display device:
LED monitor
LCD monitor
Plasma monitor
CRT monitor
Printer Device:
ink jet printer
laser printer
photo printer

light patterns that pass through the bar code lines.

A technology that uses radio signals to communicate with a tag
placed in or attached to an object, an animal, or a person.
Reads the magnetic stripe on the back of credit cards, entertainment
card, bank cards, and another similar card.
Read text printed with magnetized ink. Banking industry almost
exclusively uses MICR for check processing.

Translates a personal characteristic (the input) into a digital code that

is compared with a digital code stored in the computer.

FUNCTION
An output device that visually conveys text, graphics, and video
information.
Information on a display device, sometimes called soft copy.

An output device that produces text and graphics on a physical

medium such as paper.
*Printed information is called hard copy

SUMMARY HARDWARE
thermal printer
Audio output device:
Speaker, headphones
and
earbuds
Data projector

Video output device

-video recorder
-live monitor
INPUT & OUTPUT
DEVICE
Touch screen
Interactive
whiteboard
5.5.5 Storage
Device

Definition storage
Definition storage
media/medium
Definition storage
device
Function storage
device

A component of a computer that produces music, speech, or other

sounds.
A device that takes the text and images displaying on a computer
screen and projects them on a larger screen so that an audience can
see the image clearly.
A child device of the display adapter that supplies a video output
signal to an external or built-in display device.
FUNCTION
a touch-sensitive input data and display device. Users can interact
with touch screens by touching areas of the screen.
a touch-sensitive device, resembling a dry-erase board, that displays
the image on
a connected computer screen.
Location in which data, instructions, and information are held for
future use.
The physical material on which a computer keeps data, instructions,
and information.
The computer hardware that records and/or retrieves items to and
from storage media.
Holds data, instructions, and information for future use.

SUMMARY HARDWARE
Secondary storage
Magnetic Storage
Uses different
patterns of
magnetization on a
magnetically coated
surface to store
information

Example :
Hard disk, Floppy
Disk,
Magnetic Tape

Optical Disc
Stores information in
deformities on the
surface of a circular
disc and read this
information by
illuminating the
surface with a laser
diode and observing
the reflection.
Example:
Compact Disc (CD),
Digital Video Disc
(DVD), Blu-ray Disc
(BD)

Solid State
Storage
Data is retained in
non-volatile memory
chips and contain no
moving parts. Small,
lightweight and
highly reliable.

Example: Solid State

Drives (SSD),
Memory Cards,
USB Flash Drives,
ExpressCard Modules

Magnetic Storage

Optical Disk

Hard Disk
High-capacity
storage.
Consists of
several inflexible,
circular platters
that store items
electronically.
Components
enclosed in
airtight, sealed
case for protection.

Floppy Disk
Consists of a

circular, thin,
flexible plastic disk
with a magnetic
coating enclosed in
a square-shaped
plastic shell.

Magnetic Tape
One of the first
storage used with
mainframe
computer.
It's a thin
plastic tape that
has been coated
with substance
that can be
magnetized.

Mainly used
for backup.
Type of storage medium that consists of a flat, round, portable disc
made of metal, plastic, and lacquer that is written on and read by
a laser.

SUMMARY HARDWARE

Flash Memory / Solid

State Storage

Differentiate RAM vs
Storage

Example: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Video Disc (DVD), Blu-ray Disc
(BD).
Also known as Flash Memory Storage
Solid State Drive
Memory Card
USB Flash Drive
Designed to

Also known as
The size of a
be connected
Flash Memory.
key chain,
inside a
these hard

Widely used in
microcomputer
drives connect
notebook
system the same
to a
computers or
way an internal
computers
portable devices.
hard disk would be.
USB port
Used in a
enabling a
Faster and
variety of
transfer of
more durable than
specialized input
files.
hard disks.
devices to capture
Less power,
and transfer data
more expensive
to desktop
and have a lower
computers.
capacity than hard
disks.
RAM
Hold data temporarily.
Directly accessible to the CPU.

5.5.6 Adapter
Card

Definition/Function
Type
FireWire card
Modem card
Network card
Network card
Wireless
Network Card Wired

Storage
Store data permanently.
Contents copied to main memory
before being accessed by CPU.

A circuit board that enhances functions of the component of a system

unit and provides connections to other peripherals (external devices)
Function
Connects to FireWire devices such as digital video camera
Connects other computers through telephone lines, cable television
lines, or other transmission media
Connects other computers and peripherals on the network
Connects other computers and peripherals on the network without
wired
Connects other computers and peripherals on the network through

SUMMARY HARDWARE
MIDI card
Audio card/ Sound
card
USB card
Video card/graphic
card
PC to TV Converter
card
TV Tuner card

network cables
Connects to musical instruments such as electronic guitar, piano and
etc.
Connects speakers or a microphone to a computer.
Connect to USB devices
Connects a monitor to computer.
Connects a computer to television.
Allow a viewing of television channels on the monitor.