Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Recloser Characteristics
The following recloser parameters can b e modeled during overcurrent protection studies using the package
featured in this article. A combination of these features
can be used to model hydraulic, electronic, or microprocessor controlled reclosers.
TCC curves and trip ratings. For all hydraulic
FAST OPERATIONS
(CONTACTSCLOSED)
FAULT
CURRENT
(CONTACTS/
TIME-DELAY OPERATIONS
(CONTACTSCLOSED)
/
RECLOSER
LOCKOUT
(CONTACTSOPEN)
CLOSED)
FA ULT
I NIT I AT ED
HECLOSING INTERVALS (CONTACTS OPEN)
Figure 1. Typical recloser operating sequence, with two fast and two time delayed operations
both the phase and ground trip elements. For the electronic and microprocessor controlled reclosers, the control curves are stored in the database (as a percent of
the minimum trip versus time points) and are manipulated according to the appropriate minimum trip values for
customized expert
Recloser
- Source
Iftl
sou-
Recloser
Side F u s e
Source
Load
- Load
Side Fuse
~ 1
U
Fuse
Load
Fuse
1000
.Iooo
~
100
100
10
10
w
-
0.10
0.10
0.010
0.010
10
1000
100
10
10000
100
10000
1000
CURRENT ( A )
CURRENT ( A )
Coordination Package
The coordination package is a PC-based program that
contains an extensive database of protective device TCC
curves, has t h e flexibility for developing customized
macros, and includes an expert system module. These
features make it a valuable tool that distribution protection engineers can use for efficient evaluation of protective schemes.
and philosophies.
As is the case with the expert system, independent
macros (rule files) can be written to customize specific
applications. Recloser and fuse-link coordination is one
of the applications where the program is capable of producing a variety of efficient solutions to a specific problem. A macro written exclusively for this purpose can be
used t o generate the TCC curves needed for a specific
coordination application. For example, a macro can be
July 1992 29
FUSE1
S&C Fuse
Type SMD-IA (80E)
80 Ampere
I t 3o
. . 12,47kV
11SKVA
ai(
4
2 = 10%
FUSE3
Cooper Powersystems
Type T-TIN (50T)
50 Ampere
RECL
Cooper Power Systems
Kely Recloser-TypeWE
400A, Phase Trip
2A-2C
200A, GroundTrip
2#1-2#3
FUSE2
Cooper Power Systems
Type T-TIN (50T)
50 Ampere
FUSE4
Cooper Power Systems
Type T-TIN (50T)
50 Ampere
KT EXAMPLE4.DEV
1 FUSE1
FUSE1
2 RECL
RECL
RECL
RECL
3 RECL
RECL
RECL
RECL
4 RECL
RECL
RECL
RECL
RECL
RECL
FUSE2
FUSE2
FUSE2
FUSE2
FUSE3
FUSE3
FUSE3
FUSE3
FUSE4
FUSE4
FUSE4
FUSE4
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
PHASE
GROUND
PHASETEMP
GROUND TEMP
PHASE PERM
GROUND PERM
PHASE TEMP
GROUND TEMP
PHASE PERM
GROUND PERM
PHASE TEMP
GROUND TEMP
PHASE PERM
GROUND PERM
Application Examples
The following examples illustrate how the package is
used for recloser and fuse-link coordination. A simple
one-line diagram of the portion of the feeder being ana-
pared to the required 2,000A. One solution to this problem will be to select a different fuse type and/or size.
Biographies
J.F. Witte is a power systems engineer in the Systems
Engineering Group of Cooper Power Systems, Franksville,
Wisconsin. He performs a variety of power system analysis studies primarily for industrial power systems, which
include harmonic, transient, and power factor correction.
He is a l s o involved in t h e Cooper Power Systems
Overcurrent Protection workshop. He received a BSEE and
p r e v e n t i o n of d a m a g e t o
Overcurrent Protection, Power
the flexibility to develop
equipment from any fault conQuality, and Harmonic workdition occurring on the system,
shops. He received a BSEE from
custom macros, and
a n d protection of t h e system
Gannon University, Erie,
from the effects of equipment failPennsylvania, and an MSEE from
an expert system
ures and misoperations. There are
Michigan Technological Univermodule
many protective devices available to
sity, Houghton, Michigan. He is a
t h e distribution protection engineer
member of the IEEE and is also involved
and many philosophies used to apply these
in t h e activities of t h e IEEE I n d u s t r y
devices. The package discussed in this article
Applications Society. He is the current chairman
allows the distribution protection engineer to concenof the Power Quality Subcommittee.
trate on the application itself and not on the tedious
M.T. Bishop is the supervisor of Industrial Studies in
curve drawing that must be done to evaluate alternat h e Systems Engineering Group of Cooper Power
tives. The expert system and the ability to build cusSystems. The industrial studies section is responsible
tomized macros enhance t h e process of examining
for engineering studies related to industrial power sysalternatives and minimizes the likelihood of errors. This
tems, harmonic and transient measurements, applicapackage is not intended to replace the engineers judgetion of the V-PRO package, and administration of the
ment; it is a tool that can be used to examine protective
Workshops offered by Cooper Power Systems. He is also
device alternatives efficiently. The recloser and fuse-link
an instructor in the Cooper Power Systems Ouercuwent
coordination is only one area of a wide spectrum of variProtection a n d Distribution Analysis workshops. He
ous coordinations that can be performed efficiently with
received a BSEPE a n d a n MSEPE from Rensselaer
the help of a good computer-aided engineering tool.
Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York. He is a senior
member of the IEEE.
Acknowledgments
J.A. Kischefsky is a distribution protection engineer at
V-PRO and KYLE are registered trademarks of Cooper
Distribution Switchgear, Kyle Products Plant, Cooper
Power Systems, Inc.
Power Systems, South Milwaukee, Wisconsin. His responsibilities include providing application guidance on distriFor Further Reading
bution switchgear, new product development, and the
Electrical Distribution-System Protection Manual, Third Edition,
application of distribution switchgear to automated disCooper Power Systems, 1990.
tribution systems. He is also an instructor in the Cooper
S.R. Mendis, M.T. Bishop, D.A. Gonzalez, Rule-Based Coordination
Power Systems Overcurrent Protection Workshop. He
Program Evaluates Distribution Transformer Overcurrent Protection
received a BSEE from Marquette University, Milwaukee,
Alternatives,IEEE ComputerApplication.5 in Power, April 1991.
Wisconsin. He is a member of the IEEE.
32 IEEE CornputerApplications in Power