Electrical Power and Machines EPE491

Tutorial 5 Synchronous Machines

1.

Name the principal parts of a synchronous machine.

2.

State the 2 types of winding in a synchronous machine and briefly describe their
purposes.

3.

Why is the stator winding always connected in wye?

4.

State the 2 types of rotor used in synchronous machine and their differences.

5.

Describe the principle of operation of a synchronous generator.

6.

Describe the principle of operation of a synchronous motor.

7.

What conditions must be met before a generator can be connected to a 3

system?

8.

A 25kVA, 220V, 3 synchronous generator delivers rated kVA at a power factor of

0.8 lagging. The armature resistance is 0.2/phase and synchronous reactance is
0.8 /phase. The friction and windage losses are 460W and core loss is 610W.
Calculate the voltage regulation and efficiency at full-load.
[35.98%, 84.6%]

9.

A 3, Y-connected synchronous generator is rated at 120MVA, 13.2 kV, 0.8 power

factor lagging with 60Hz frequency. Its synchronous reactance is 0.7/phase and
armature resistance is negligible. Calculate the voltage regulation of this generator.
[34.5%]

10.

A 3 synchronous generator operates onto a 13.8kv power grid. The reactance is

5/phase. It is delivering 12MW and 6MVar (inductive) to the system. Determine:
a) Power angle (i.e. the angle between EG and VT)
b) Phase angle
c) Generated emf, EG (3)
[15.2, 26.6, 16.56kV]

11.

A 480V 60Hz, 6 pole motor draws 50A from the line at unity power factor and full
load. Assuming that the losses are negligible, calculate:
a) The output torque
b) The magnitude of the line current if the power factor is adjusted to 0.8
leading.
[331Nm, 62.5A]

12.

A 480V, 400 hp, 60Hz, 8 pole, -connected synchronous motor has a per phase
synchronous reactance of 1 and negligible armature resistance. If the friction,
windage and core losses are negligible, calculate the magnitude of Ea and Ia at
0.85 pf lagging. What is the torque produced?
[408V, 422A, 3166Nm]

D. Johari, FKE UiTM

Electrical Power and Machines EPE491

13.

A 2300 V, 100hp, 60Hz 8 pole Y-connected synchronous motor has a rated power
factor of 0.85 leading. At full load, the efficiency is 85%. The armature resistance is
1.1 /phase and the synchronous reactance is 20/phase. Find the following
quantities at full load:
a) Output torque
b) Input power
c) EA
d) Ia (armature current)
e) Mechanical Power Pm
[791.5Nm, 87.8kW, 1641V, 25.9A, 85.6kW]

14.

A 2200V, 500hp, Y-connected synchronous motor has a resistance of 0.3 /phase

and synchronous reactance of 3 /phase respectively. Determine the induced emf
per phase if the motor works on full load with efficiency of 94% and a p.f. of 0.8
leading. What is the (P + core loss)?
[1511V]

15.

A 400V, l0hp, 3-phase, Y-connected synchronous motor has a negligible armature

resistance and synchronous reactance of 100 /phase. Determine the minimum
current and corresponding induced emf for full load conditions. Assume the
efficiency is 85%.

16.

A 2400V, 2000kVA, 3-phase, -connected synchronous generator has a

synchronous reactance of 1.5/phase and negligible armature resistance. The
excitation of the generator is adjusted to generate rated voltage at no-load.
Calculate the terminal voltage when delivering rated current at 0.8 lagging p.f.
[2121.76V]

D. Johari, FKE UiTM

Electrical Power and Machines EPE491

Calculate also the equivalent resistive and reactive voltage drops:

a)
in primary terms
b)
in secondary terms
[13.66 V, 48. 31 V, 1.37 V, 4.83 V]
2.

A 20 kVA, 2400/240 V, 60 Hz transformer has the following resistance and

reactance values:
Rp = 0.8
Rs = 0.0084
Xp = 3
Xs = 0.028
Calculate the equivalent impedance of this transformer in secondary term.

3.

A 1, 100 kVA, 11000/2200 V, 60 Hz transformer has the following parameters.

R1 = 6
R2 = 0.28
Rc = 125 k
L1 = 0.08 H
L2 = 0.0032 H
Lm = 160 H
Find the equivalent circuit of the transformer referred to the low-voltage side.
[0.52 , 2.42 ]

4.

A 15 kVA 8000/230 V distribution transformer has impedance referred to the

primary of 80 + j300 . The components of the excitation branch referred to the
primary side are Rc = 350 k and Xm = 70 k. If the primary voltage is 7967 V
and the load impedance is ZL = 3.2 + j1.5, what is the secondary voltage of the
transformer? What is the voltage regulation of the transformer?
[218.8 3.1 V, 4.7 %]

5.

A 100 kVA, 1000/100 V transformer gave the following test results:

Open-circuit test (high-voltage side open) 100 V, 6 A, 400 W
Short-circuit test (low-voltage side open) 50 V, 100 A, 1800 W
a) Derive an approximate equivalent circuit referred to the high-voltage side.
b) Determine the voltage regulation at full load, 0.6 PF leading.
[2.56 %]

6.

A 2000-VA 230/115-V transformer has been tested to determine its equivalent

circuit. The results of the tests are shown below.
Open-circuit test
Voc = 230 V
Ioc = 0.95 A
Poc = 80 W

Short-circuit test
Vsc = 11.2 V
Isc = 5 A
Psc = 20.1 W

All data given were taken from the primary side of the transformer.
a) Find the equivalent circuit of this transformer referred to the low-voltage side
of the transformer.
b) Find the transformers voltage regulation at rated condition 0.8 PF lagging.
c) Determine the transformers efficiency at rated conditions and 0.8 PF lagging.
[Zeq = 0.201 +j 0.52 , XM = 65.04 , Rc = 165.31 , 1.8%, 82.19%]

D. Johari, FKE UiTM

Electrical Power and Machines EPE491

7.

The secondary winding of a transformer has a terminal voltage of vs (t) = 282.8

sin 377t V. The turns ratio of the transformer is 50:200 (a = 0.25). If the
secondary current of the transformer is is (t) = 7.07 sin 377 36.87 A, what is
the primary current of this transformer? What are its voltage regulation and
efficiency? The impedances of this transformer referred to the primary side are
Req = 0.05
Xeq = 0.225

RC = 75
XM = 20
[22.3-41.0 A, VR= 7.2%, = 93.4%]

8.

A single-phase, 10KVA, 400/1100V, 50Hz transformer has the following circuit

parameters:
ZLV = 0.82 + j0.95

ZHV = 1.2 + j1.5

ZLV = Low Voltage Impedance

ZHV = High Voltage Impedance
a) Determine the rated currents for both sides of the transformer.
b) Draw the equivalent circuit with the parameters referred to the low-voltage
side.
c) The high-voltage side is now supplying full-load current at 1000 V and 0.82
power factor lagging. Determine the voltage regulation and efficiency of the
transformer. Neglect the effect of the core.
[25 A, 9.091 A, 0.159 , 0.199 , 11.06 %, 91.75 %]

D. Johari, FKE UiTM