MIS326

OBJECT ORIENTED MODELING

WITH UML

ANALYSIS

Spring-910 1

MIS326 Analysis - Purpose

An Analysis Model of
the system’s desired Inception Elaboration Construction Transition
behaviour:
– This model should be a
statement of what the
system does, not how it
does it
– We can think of the
analysis model as a
“first-cut” or “high level”
design model
– It is in the language of
the business

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MIS326 Artifacts

analysis class - handles functional requirements; one of
three basic stereotypes: boundary, control or entity

analysis model - a conceptual model that refines the

requirements and structures them so that they are more
precise and maintainable

analysis package - provides a means of organizing the

artifacts of the analysis model into manageable pieces

use-case realization - describes how a specific use case

is realized and performed in terms of analysis classes and
their interacting analysis objects

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Analyse a use case

MIS326
• identify analysis classes
• distribute use case behaviour to analysis classes
• specify interactions among analysis objects
Use-Case Model • capture special requirements (nonfunctional)

Analysis Class
Analyse a
Use Case

Supplementary
Requirements
Use Case
Realisation

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MIS326 Analysis Class

An abstraction of one or several classes in the final
system implementation
– focuses on handling functional requirements only

class descriptions are conceptual, not implementation

oriented
– attributes: types are conceptual, not programming language types
– behavior: defined by textual descriptions of responsibilities
– relationships: conceptual, not implementation oriented

classes are one of:

– boundary – entity – control

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MIS326 Diff. Types of Analysis Classes

<<boundary>>

<<boundary>>

<<control>>
Use-case
behavior <<control>>
coordination
System
boundary

System
information <<entity>>

<<entity>>

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 Boundary Class
«boundary»
boundary
MIS326 boundary class name class name

Models the interaction between the system and its

actors
– interacts with actors outside the system as well as with classes
within the system
– represents an abstraction of UI elements
• windows, forms, etc....
• devices (printer interfaces, sensors, terminals, etc....)
– description should be kept on a fairly high conceptual level
• do not describe every button, menu item, etc. of a UI
– encapsulates and isolates changes in the system’s interface

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The Role of a Boundary Class

MIS326

Customer

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MIS326 Identifying Boundary Classes

found from use case descriptions → start from actors
– Collect information from the actor
• identify forms and windows needed to enter data into the system
– Present information to the actor
• identify notices and messages the systems uses to respond
– do not model the visual aspects of the interface

identify one central boundary class for each human actor

– represents the primary UI window with which the actor interacts

identify one central boundary class for each external system actor
– represents the communication interface to the external system

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MIS326
Example:Boundary Classes: Professor Actor
Professor Select courses to teach

SelectCoursesUI

Professor

RequestEnrollmentUI

SelectCoursesUI

Professor ProfessorUI

RequestEnrollmentUI

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MIS326 Example:Boundary Classes: Professor Actor

CreateScheduleUI

ReviewScheduleUI

SelectCoursesUI

ProfessorUI ModifyScheduleUI

RequestEnrollmentUI

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Entity Class
«entity»
entity
MIS326 entity class name class name

Models information that is long-lived and often

persistent
– represents concepts such as an individual, a real-life object or
a real-life event
– will likely be implemented as part of a database
– encapsulates and isolates changes to the information it
represents

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MIS326 What is an Entity Class?

Key concepts of the system

<<entity>>
Glossary

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MIS326 The Role of an Entity Class

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 Example:
MIS326
Entity Classes: Select Courses To Teach

Professor Select courses to teach

Course

Professor SelectCoursesUI CourseOffering

ProfessorInfo

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«control»

MIS326 Control Class control class name

control
class name

Models coordination, sequencing, transaction and

control behaviour for one or more use cases

“glue” that ties other classes together into one use-case realization

initially, we assign one control class for each actor/use case pair
– responsible for the flow of events in the use case

– complicated behavior may need to be divided among several control classes later on

– may also combine/eliminate some control classes later on

– a control class should only be tied to at most one actor

– encapsulates and isolates changes to control logic

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MIS326 What is a Control Class?

Use case behavior coordinator

<<control>>

Use Case

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MIS326
Example:
Control Class: Select Courses To Teach

Professor Select courses to teach

Course

Professor SelectCoursesUI SelectCoursesMgr ? CourseOffering

ProfessorInfo

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MIS326
Interaction — Best Practices

Actors can interact only with boundary classes

Boundary classes can interact only with control
classes and actors

boundary class boundary class

Entity classes can interact only with control classes

entity class entity class

Control classes can interact with boundary, entity and

other control classes

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MIS326 The Role of a Control Class

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MIS326 Use Case Partitioning Example

Use-Case Model
Select courses to teach

«trace»

Analysis Model
Select courses to teach

SelectCoursesUI SelectCoursesMgr Course CourseOffering Section ProfessorInfo

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MIS326
Summary:A First Step Towards Executables

Use Cases Analysis Design Source Exec

Classes Classes Code

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MIS326
Summary: Find Classes From Use-Case Behavior

The complete behavior of a Use-Case has to be

distributed to analysis classes.

<<boundary>>

<<control>> <<boundary>>

<<entity>>
<<entity>>

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MIS326 Summary: Analysis Classes

Student Register for Courses Course Catalog System

Use Case Model

Analysis Model

MainForm MaintainScheduleForm RegistrationController

Schedule CourseCatalogSystem

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MIS326
Entity Classes

Entity classes represent stores of information in the
system

Used to represent the key concepts the system
manages.

Entity objects (instances of entity classes) are used to
hold and update information about some
phenomenon, such as an event, a person, or some
real-life object.

They are usually persistent

The main responsibilities of entity classes are to

store and manage information in the system.

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MIS326 Noun/verb Analysis Procedure

Collect all of the relevant documentation
– Requirements specification document
– Use cases specifications
– Glossary
– Anything else!

Extract the nouns and noun phrases

Make a list of nouns and noun phrases
– These are candidate classes or attributes

Make a list of verbs and verb phrases

– These are candidate responsibilities

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MIS326 Example-1: Case Study: Video Rental
This problem is about a small, local video rental store (VRS). The problem will be limited
to rental, return, management of inventory (add/delete new tapes, change rental prices,
etc.) and producing reports summarizing various business activities. The rental items of
the store are limited to video tapes. Customer ID number (arbitrary number), phone
number or the combination of first name and last name are entered to identify customer
data and create an order. The bar code ID for each item is entered and video
information from inventory is displayed. The video inventory file is decreased by one
when an item is checked out. When all tape IDs are entered, the system computes the
total rental fee, and payments are processed. A return is processed by reading the bar
code of returned tapes. Any outstanding video rentals are displayed with the amount
due on each tape and a total amount due. The past-due amount must be reduced to
zero when new tapes are taken out. For new customers , the unique customer ID is
generated and the customer information is entered into the system. Videos are stacked
by their category such as Drama, Comedy, Action, etc. Any conflict between a customer
and computer data is resolved by the store manager. Rental fees can be paid by either
cash, check or a major credit card. Reporting requirements include viewing customer
rental history, video rental history, and titles by category, top ten rentals, and items by
status, and overdue videos by customers and outstanding balances by customers .

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MIS326 Example-1: Nouns

Video Rental Store :
Bar Code ID

VRS :
Video Inventory File:

Rental :
Tape ID, Total Rental Fee

Return:
Amount due :

Business Activities:
Total Amount due:

Problem:
Past-due Amount

Management , System :
Zero

Inventory :
Customer

(Video)Tapes :
Customer Information :

Rental Prices :
Computer Data

Reports :
Category

Rental Items:
Drama, Comedy, Action

Store:
Conflict

Customer ID :
Store Manager

Arbitrary Number:
Rental fee

Customer Data :
Cash, Check, Credit Card

Video Information
Reporting Requirements

Phone Number :
Video / Customer Rental History

Combination :
Titles

First Name, Last Name :
Top Ten Rentals

Payments :
Item Status :

Order :
Outstanding Balances:

Overdue Videos :
Spring-910 28
MIS326 Finding Entity Classes - Elimination

Remove redundant candidate classes.
– Two nouns represent the same abstraction. keep the more descriptive noun. For
example, use customer, instead of user in ATM domain.

Remove vague candidate classes
– The nouns have ill-defined or too broad scope: business activities

Remove implementation constructs
– The nouns represent an implementation-related class such as set, string, or algorithm.

Remove meta-language constructs.
– The noun is used to describe and explain requirements and the system at a very high
level. systems, information, or reporting requirements.

Remove operations (save for later)
– The nouns represent operations, computation, ROI (Return-on-Investment)

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MIS326 Finding Entity Classes - Elimination

Remove attributes (save for later)
– The nouns represent a text or a number, name, age, phone number

There are often delicate cases where it seems uncertain
whether a noun should be modeled as an attribute or a
class, use the following rules:
– Rule of One-Property :
• IF a noun has only one property to remember THEN it is an attribute of another class ELSE it is a
class.

– Rule of Dependence :
• IF the identification of an object (noun) relies on another concept object (noun) THEN it is an
attribute.

– Rule of Independence :
• IF the noun represents an object which is important in its own right THEN it is a class.

Remove Values.
– The nouns represent a value itself.

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MIS326 Finding Entity Classes- Categorize

Roles of People : humans who carry out some important function. Student, Employee, Customer.

Places : locations where important business activities are held. Office, Warehouse, Store.

Physical Things : tangible objects. Machine, Product, Device, and Book.

Organizations : important business units. Company, Team, and Department.

Events (Transactions) : important activities that need to record some data Order, Promotion,
Payment.

Transaction Line Items : an element of a transaction. Order-Line-Item, Purchase-Line-Item.

Concepts (Discovered Class; Intangible Things) : intangible ideas used to keep track of
business activities. Project, Account, Complaint

Specification: a description of other items that need to be distinguished from one another.
Video-Title, Flight-Plan.

Interaction : an association between two classes with meaningful attributes. Reservation.

Rules/Policies : important business rules. Rental-Policy and Shipping Method.

Containers of other things : classes that will contain other classes. Store, Shelf, Catalog, Bin.

Things in a container : classes that will be contained in another class. Item, Passenger, and
Video-Title in a catalog.

Financial Instruments and Services. They represent class that are used to support financial
activities. Stock, Bond, and Mortgage.

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MIS326 Example-1: Elimination

Tape ID, Total Rental Fee : Attribute

Video Rental Store: Redundant

Amount due,Total Amount due, Past-due Amount : Attribute

VRS : Place √

Zero : Value

Rental : Transaction √

Customer : Roles of People √

Return: Reverse of Rental

Customer Information, Computer Data :Vague

Business Activities, Problem , Management , System : Meta
Category: Attribute
language

Drama, Comedy, Action : Value

Inventory : Catalog √

Conflict : Irrelevant

(Video)Tapes : Physical Thing √

Store Manager : Roles of People √

Rental Prices : Attribute

Rental fee: Attribute

Reports : Derived

Cash, Check, Credit Card : Physical Thing √

Rental Items: Transaction Line Item √
Reporting Requirements : Meta language

Store: The same as VRS, Redundant
Video / Customer Rental History : Derived

Customer ID : Number Attribute
Titles : Specification √

Arbitrary Number , Customer Data , Video Information : Vague
Top Ten Rentals : Derived

Phone Number : Attribute
Item Status, Outstanding Balances: : Attribute

Combination : Irrelevant
Overdue Videos :Roles

First Name, Last Name : Attribute

Payments : Transaction √
Cat 1 : People: Staff

Order : The same as Rental; Redundant
Cat 2 : Location: Shelf

Bar Code ID : Attribute

Cat 10 : Rules/Policies: Loan Policy

Video Inventory File: Same as Inventory; Redundant

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MIS326 Example-1:Class Diagram

Customer Rental RentalItem VideoTape VRS

Payment Inventory LoanPolicy Title Shelf

Cash Chec k CC Staff Employee Manager

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MIS326 Example-2: Car Rental Use Case

1. This use case begins when a customer indicates he wishes to make a reservation for a rental car.
2. The system prompts the customer for the pickup and return locations of the reservation, as well as the
pickup and return dates and times.
3. The customer indicates the desired locations and dates.
4. The system prompts for the type of vehicle the customer desires.
5. The customer indicates the vehicle type.
6. The system presents all matching vehicles available at the pickup location for the selected date and
time.
7. If the customer requests detail information on a particular vehicle, the system presents this information
to the customer.
8. If the customer selects a vehicle for rental, the system prompts for information identifying the customer
(full name, telephone number, email address for confirmation, etc.).
9. The customer provides the required information.
10. The system presents information on protection products (such as damage waiver, personal accident
insurance) and asks the customer to accept or decline each product.
11. The customer indicates his choices.
12. If the customer indicates "accept reservation," the system informs the customer that the reservation has
been completed, and presents the customer a reservation confirmation.
13. This use case ends when the reservation confirmation has been presented to the customer.

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MIS326 Example-2: Car Rental

Customer : Roles of People √

Reservation : Transaction √

Rental car : Redundant

Locations of the reservation : Place √

Pickup date, return dates/times : Attribute

Locations : Redundant

Dates : Attribute

Type of vehicle , vehicle type : Attribute

Vehicles : Physical Thing √

Pickup location : Redundant

Detail information : Vague

Full name, telephone number, email address : Attribute

Confirmation : Value

Protection products : Concept √

Damage waiver: Value

Personal accident insurance : Value

Product: Redundant

Reservation confirmation : Derived

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MIS326 Example-2: Car Rental

Customer Res ervation

Rental Location ProtectionProduct Vehicle

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