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Anhistorical,physiologicalandtheologicaltreatiseofspirits:apparitions,witchcrafts,andothermagical
practices.Containinganaccountofthegenii...WitharefutationofDr.Bekker'sWorldbewitch'dand
otherauthors...ByJohnBeaumont,gent.
Beaumont,John,d.1731.
Tableofcontents|Addtobookbag

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ANACCOUNTOFGENII,ORFAMILIARSPIRITS,thataresaidtoattendMeninthisLife,&c.
CHAP.I.WhattheAncientsunderstoodtheGenii,thataresaidtoattendMen,tobe,astotheirNatureandOffices.

HAVINGundertakentowriteaTractconcerningtheGeniithataresaidtoattendMenduringthisLife,Ithinkitproper
forme,inthefirstplace,tosetforthwhat,accordingtotheAncientsthoseGeniiwereunderstoodtobe,astotheir
NatureandOffices.
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*Censorinustellsus,thatGeniusisaGod,un|derwhoseTuitioneachManisbornandlivesandwhetheritbethathe

takesCareofourGe|neration,orisengender'dwithus,ortakesuponhimourGuardianshipafterwearebe|gotten,he
says,heiscalledGeniusfromGeno,anancientLatinWord,signifyingtobeget,inlieuofwhichtheWordGignoisnow
us'd.GeniusissaidtobeSonofJupiterandtheEarth,asbeingheldtobeofamiddleNaturebetwixtGodsandMen,or
forthathesome|whatpartakesofBody.SomehavethoughtourGeniustobetheSymmetryoftheEle|ments,which
preserveshumaneBodies,andalllivingCreatures:Others,thesecretPow|eroftheCelestialBodies,bywhichweare
impell'dtodoallthingsandthesewerecall'dGeruli,fromGeroorIngerothatis,fromsup|portingus,orsuggesting
goodorbadThoughtsintoourMinds.

WhattheLatinscall'dGenius,theGreekscall'dDaemonwhichWord,topassbyotherSignifications,accordingtoits
Etymology,signifiesprudent,knowing,skilfulinAffairs,andforeseeingthings,theygivingAnswerstothosethat
consultedthem.InwhichSenseSocratesthoughtfamousMen,afterDeath,foraRewardoftheirVertue,weremade
Daemons,ofamiddleNature,mediatingbe|twixtGodsandMen.
LudovicusVivessays,it'sawondertoseehowdifferingtheOpinionsoftheGentileswere,*concerningtheGodsand
Daemons:SothatApuleiusthinksotherwisethanPlatoPlotinus,thanApuleiusPorphyriusdiffersfromthemboth
nordoesProclusagreeinallthingswithJamblicus,oranyother.AsfortheGenii,
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somethinkthemtobeourownSouls,someourInclinations,someacertainLightattend|ingus,sometheIntellectus
Agens,&c.con|cerningwhichIshallsetdownwhatIfindinseveralAuthors.
Apuleiuswritesthus:*InacertainSensetheMindofMan,evenwhileitisintheBody,iscall'daDaemon.
DiinehuncardoremMentibusaddunt
Eurile?Ansuacui{que}DeussitdiraCupido?
AndthereforeagoodDesireofMind,isagoodGodwhencesomethinkthosearecall'dblestEudaemons,whoseDaemonis
good,thatis,whoseMindisperfectwithVertuewhich,Ithink,youmayproperlycallaGenius,becausethatGodwhichis
eachMan'sMind,tho'itbeimmortal,yetinsomesortisen|gender'dwithinus.Andtherearesome,who,asitseemstome,
wouldhavetheMindofManfreedfromtheBody,tobeasecondsortofDaemons:This,Ifind,intheancientLatinTongueto
becall'dLemur.AndheoftheseLemures,who,takingcareofhisPosterity,keepstheHouseasacalmandquietDeity,iscall'd
aFamilyLar:Buthethat,byreasonofDemeritsinLife,ispunishedbyawandringintheWorld,havingnoquietSeat,and
be|comesavainTerrortogoodMen,andoffen|sivetoevil,iscommonlycalledLarva.Butwhenit'suncertainwhatLothas
happen'dtoaMan,whetherhebeaLar,orLarva,heiscall'dtheGodManestheWordGodbeingaddedforHonour'ssake:
TheycallingthoseGods,whoamongthemhavingjustlyandprudentlygoverndtheCourseoftheirLives,
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areafterwardsDeify'dbyMen,andadmit|tedtoTemplesandSacredRites,asinBoeotia,AmphiarausinAfrica,Mopsusin
Egypt,Osi|risotherselsewhereAesculapiuseverywhere.AndsofarconcerningthoseDaemonsthathavehadBodies.But
thereisanotherkindofmoreaugustDaemons,whichbeingalwaysfreefromtheFettersandTiesofBodies,aredrawntousby
certainPrayers.FromthissortofsublimeDaemons,PlatothinkseachManhasonegivenhim,asaWitnessandGuardin
passingthisLifewhichtho'seenbynoMan,arealwayspre|sentasWitnesses,notonlyofourActions,butevenofour

ThoughtsandthatuponourReturn,attheEndofourLives,thesaidGeniipresentlycarryus,astheirCharge,toJudgment,
andtherestandasWitnessesatourTrial,where,ifwefalsifieinanything,theyreproveusifwespeakTruth,theyvouchit,
andSentenceispastaccordingtotheirTestimony.SofarApuleius.
Porphyrius,L.deAbstinentia,says,ThatasevilDaemonshurtMankind,sogoodDaemonsneverintermittheirOffices,
butforeshewusDangers,asfarastheymay,hangingoverourHeadsfromtheevilDaemons,whiletheymakeusSigns
bothbyDreams,andbytheSouldivinelyinspir'd,andmanyotherthingsand,thatifanyMancoulddistinguishthese
thingswhicharesignify'd,hewouldknowandprecautionhimselfagainstallFraudsfortheysignifietoallMen,butall
Personsdonotperceivethethingsthataresignified.
*Agrippasays,thateachManhasathreefoldGeniustoguardhim,oneSacred,anotheroftheGeniture,thethirdofthe

ProfessionaManfollows.Thefirstisnotderiv'dfromtheStars
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orPlanets,butgivenbyGod,itbeinguni|versal,andaboveNature.ThisdirectstheSoul,stillsuggestinggood
Thoughts,anden|lightensus,tho'itbenotalwaysobserv'd:Butwhenwearepurify'd,andliveinaCalm,thenit's
perceiv'dbyusthenitspeaks,asitwere,withus,andcommunicatesitsVoice,beingpresentbeforeinSilence,and
labourscontinuallytobringustosacredPerfection.BytheAssistanceofthisGenius,wemayshuntheMalignityof
Fate:Whomifwereligi|ouslyobserve,byanUprightnessandHoli|nessofLife,(asweknowSocratesdid)the
Platonicksthinkwearewonderfullyaidedbyhim,bothbyDreamsandSigns,forputtingbyEvils,andsecuringGood
tous.TheGe|nius,orDaemonoftheGeniture,descendstousfromtheDispositionoftheWorld,andtheCircuitsofthe
Stars,thatareconcern'dinourGeneration:ThisistheSustainerandGuardianofLife,itprocuresittotheBody,and
takescareofitafterwards,andaidsthePersonforperformingthatOfficeforwhichtheHeavensdeputedhimathis
Birth.ThosethereforewhohavereceivedafortunateGenius,arerendredstrong,powerful,efficacious,andprosperous
intheirWorks:WhereforebyPhilosophers,theyarecall'dbenFortunati,andbenNati,TheDaemonofthe
ProfessionisgivenfromtheStars,towhichsuchaProfessionorSect,asaManprofesses,issub|jected,andwhichthe
Soul,whenitbeginstouseElectioninthisBody,andtakesuponitManners,secretlywisheswhichDaemonischang'd
foramoreworthyorless,upontheChangeoftheProfession.Whenthere|foretheProfessionagreeswithourNature,
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wegetaDaemonlikeusandagreeingwithourGenius,andourLifeismademorecalm,happy,andprosperous:But
whenwetakeonusaProfessionunlike,orcontrarytoourGenius,ourLifeisrendredmorelaboriousandtroublesome,
bydiscordingPatrons.Whenceithappens,thataManmakesProficiencyinalittletime,andwithalittlelabour,inone
Science,Art,orMinistry,whoinothersToils,withmuchSweatandLabour,tonopurpose.Andtho'noScience,Art,or
Ver|tueistobedespisedyet,thatyoumayliveprosperously,andactfortunately,knowfirstofallyourgoodGeniusand

yourNature,andwhatGoodtheDispositionoftheHeavens,andGod,theDisposerofallthese,promisesyou,who
distributestoeachManasheplea|ses:FollowtheseBeginnings,professthese,applyyourselftothatVertue,towhich
theprimeDistributerraisesandconductsyouandinwhatVirtueyoufindyourselftoprofitmosteasily,endeavourto
risetotheheightofit,thatyoumayexcelinone,whichyoucannotdoinall.HoweverdonotslightanyPerfection,as
farasyouareabletopro|ceedinitandifyouhaveGuardiansac|cordingtoyourNatureandProfession,youwillfinda
doubleProficiencyofyourNa|tureandProfession:Butiftheyareunlike,followthebestforsometimesyouwillfind
theAidofanegregiousProfessionbetterthanthatofyourNativity.*ThesameAuthorwritesthus:AstoeachManis
givenagoodSpirit,sothereisanevilone,bothwhichseekanUnionwithourSpirit,andendea|vourtodrawittothem,
andsomixthem|selveswithit:TheGoodbygoodWorkscon|formable
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tohim,changesusintoAngelsbyUnion,ashethatadherestoGod,ismadeoneSpiritwithhim:TheEvilDaemon,by
badWorks,endeavourstomakeusconforma|bleandunitedtohimandthisiswhatHermessays,whenaDaemon
flowsintoanHumaneSoul,hesprinklesinitSeedsofhisownNo|tionswhencesuchaSoul,sprinkledwithSeeds,
raisedinaFury,bringsforthwonder|fulthings,andsuchasarethePerformancesofDaemons.ForagoodDaemon,
whenhepassesintoanholySoul,heraisesittotheLightofWisdombutanevilDaemontrans|fus'dintoawicked
Soul,incitesittoThefts,MurthersandLusts,andwhatsoeverarethePerformancesofevilDaemons.GoodDaemons
(asJamblicussays)mostperfectlypurgeSouls,andothersgiveusotherthingsbeingpre|sent,theygiveHealthtothe
Body,VirtuetotheSpirit,SecuritytotheMind,destroywhatbringsDeathinus,fomenttheHeat,andrenderitmore
efficaciousforLifeand,byanintelligibleHarmony,alwaysinfuseLightintotheMind.IamoftheOpinionofthose,
thatthinkallMenaregovern'dbytheMinisteryofmanySpirits,andareledtoallDegreesofVertues,Merits,and
Dignity,iftheyrenderthemselvesworthyofthem:Butthosethatrenderthemselvesunworthy,arecastdownand
detrudedbytheevilDaemons,aswellasbythegoodSpi|rits,tothelowestDegreeofMisery,astheirDemeritsrequire.
Butthosewhoarecom|mittedtothemoresublimeAngels,arepre|ferr'dbeforeotherMen:FortheAngelsthathave
Careofthem,raisethem,andbyacer|tainsecretpowersubjectotherstothem,
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whichtho'neitherperceive,yethethatissubjectedfindsacertainweightofpre|sidency,fromwhichhecannoteasily
disin|gagehimself:nay,hefearsandreverencesthatforce,whichthesuperiourAngelsinflu|encetheInferiourswith,
andbringtheIn|ferioursbyacertainTerrorintothefearofPresidency.SowereadthatMarkAntonyfor|merlybeing
join'dinasingularFriendshipwithOctavianAugustus,theywerewontoftentoplaytogetherbutAugustusbeing
alwaysConqueror,acertainMagicianthusadmo|nish'dMarkAntony:WhatdoyoudoAntonywiththatyoungMan?
Fly,andshunhimfortho'youareelder,andmoreexperienc'dinAffairs,ofamoreIllustriousFamily,andhavebeena
greatCommanderinWars,yetyourGeniusmuchdreadstheGeniusofthisYouth,andyourFortuneflattershis,and

unlessyouflyfarfromhim,itwillwhollyturntohim.*Again,Agrippatellsus,theancientSagesteachustoknowthe
NatureofeachMan'sGeniusfromtheStars,andtheirInfluencesandAspectsateachMan'sBirth,butbysodiffering
anddisagreeingRules,thatit'sveryhardtogettheseMysteriesoutoftheirhands:ForPorphyriusseekstheGenius
fromtheStarthatisLadyoftheGenitureMaternuseitherthence,orfromthePlanetsthathavebeenmostdignified
thereorfromthatwhoseHousetheMoonistoenter,afterthatitholdsatthetimeofthePerson'sNativity.Butthe
ChaldeansseektheGeniusonlyfromtheSun,orMoon.Othersagain,andmanyoftheHebrews,fromsomecardinal
PointoftheHeavens,orfromallofthem.OthersseekforthegoodGeniusfromtheeleventh
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House,whichthereforetheycallthegoodDaemonandtheevilGeniusfromthesixth,whichtheycalltheevil
Daemon.Sincethereforethesearchoftheseislaboriousandveryab|struse,wemaymuchmoreeasilyseekthenature
ofourGeniusfromourselves,attend|ingtothosethingswhichourMindsuggeststous,theinstinctofNaturedictates,
andHeaveninclinesustofromourfirstuntaintedInnocencyorwhenourMindispurg'dofvainCares,andsinister
EffectsandImpedi|mentsareremovedfromit.Thesedoubt|lessarethekindlySuggestionsoftheGeniusthatisgivento
eachManathisBirth,leadingandperswadingustothatwhichourConstel|lationinclines.SofarAgrippa.Hethat
wouldseemoreconcerningthesearchaftereachManspeculiarDaemon,mayreadalittleTractonthatSubject,printed
attheendofaBook,entitled,TrinumMagicum,setforthbyLonginus.
NatalisComessays,*TheGeniiorDaemonspresentuswiththeSpeciesorImagesofthosethingstheywouldperswade
usto,asinaGlassonwhichImages,whenourSoulprivatelylooks,thosethingscomeintoourMindwhich,if
consider'dwithReason,giveusarightdeterminationofMind:ButifaMan,settingReasonaside,becarriedawaywith
theguidanceofevilSpecies,orImages,hewillofnecessityincurmanyEr|rors,especiallyiftheImagesarepresented
usbyevilDaemons.Whencemanybecomewhol|lygivenovertoLusts,Cruelty,Covetous|ness,&c.allwhichare
imputedtotheGenius.
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*Maraviglia,inhisPseudomantia,writesthus,Tho'manyhavethoughttheGeniitobeno|thingbutacertainLight

plac'dbyGodinourMinds,atourBirth,wherebyweun|derstandallthingsandbeingunderstood,iftheyaregood,we
loveandpursuethemifbad,wedeclineandavoidthem,yetthemorecommonOpinionwas,thattheGeniiwerenot
onlyalightdiscoveringandfore|shewingfuturethingstous,butcertainpureSpiritsstandingbyusalwaystoguardand
ad|monishus:Tho'itbefarmorecrediblethatthoseGeniiinallAgesweretheveryWillsofMen,naturallypredisposed
withadesireandlove,oranaversionandabhorrenceofthingsGoodorEvil,discus'dandpropos'dtothembythe
Understanding.ThesameAuthortellsus,*thatPythagorasthoughttheGeniiwerecertainLightsnaturallyimplantedin
ourMinds.ApuleiusthoughttheyweretheMindsthemselves,andDispositionofeachMan.TheancientPagans,that

theyweregoodandevilDaemonsappointedtoeachMan,fromthebeginning,forhisGovernance.Again,*Hewritesas
follows,TheProphe|cyingSpirits,call'dintheScripturesAngels,arecall'dbytheancientPagans,GeniiFatidici,astho'
generatedfromGod,andsentfromHeaventous,toforetelfuturethingsfortheythoughtthesefatidicalSpirits,whom
theyvariouslyworship'd,knewallthingsthatweretocomeintheWorld,andcouldfore|telthem,becausethemselves
wereapart,oracertainParticleoftheSouloftheWorld,whichiseverywhere:FortheywereofOpinion,thatthisSoul
wasdiffus'dthroughthewholeWorld,butchieflyseatedinthe
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aetherialRegion,andconsequentlyintheStarsthemselvesandmoreespeciallyintheSun,fromwhichallinferior
thingsarefomented,asitwere,byRaysofavivifyingSoultransmittedtothemwhencealsotheythoughtthesekinds
ofSubstancescompos'dofasubtleBody,suchasanaerialBodyisandthatAngels,Daemons,andSoulswerefroma
particleofthemundaneSoul.WhichSub|stancesApuleiussays,areplac'dintheaerialRegionoftheWorld,thatthey
mightpro|cureamoreeasieCommersebetwixtGodsandMen,andmorereadilyunfoldtheSecretsoftheGods,&c.
LudovicusViveswritesthus:*PlatoinhisTimaeusandCratylus,callsthebestpartofourMindaDaemon:Hiswords
aretheseYouknowwhattheyarewhomHesiodcallsDaemons,viz.thatgoldenRaceofMen,ofwhomhesaysthus:
ButafterFatethisRacehastookaway,
They'repureterrestrialDaemonscall'd,andthey
AreMensblestGuard,allEvilskeepaway.
ThIthinkthatRacewascall'dGolden,notthatitconsistedofGold,butthatitwasgoodandexcellentand,Iconceive,weare
call'danIronAgeincomparisonofthatbutifanyonenowlivingbegood,Hesiodnumber'dhimamonghisGoldenMen.And
whataretheGoodbutthePrudentandIconceivehecall'dthemDaemonsfromtheirPrudenceandSkillinAffairs,theNameit
self,inourancientTongue,shewingit.There|foreit'swellsaidofhim,andmostoftherestofthePoets,thatwhenagoodMan
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departsthisLife,heisplac'dinsomeexcel|lentPostofHonour,andmadeaDaemonforhisWisdom.Afterthismanner
thereforeIaffirm,thatawiseMan,sohebegood,bothlivinganddead,isaDaemon,andjustlysocall'd.Thiswefindin
Plato,*whencedoubtless,OrigendrewhisError,wherehewritesthathumanSoulsarechang'dintoDaemons,andthesea|gain
intothose.Porphyriusalsosays,thateachManspeculiarDaemonisacertainpartoftheSoul,viz.theMind,andheisanhappy
Man,andoneEudaemon,thathasgotawiseMindandunhappyonthecontrary:AndthatSoulsInfestedwithVices,passinto
thenatureofevilDaemons,andarerendredliketheminLiesandImpostures.Proclusexplainsallthesethings,layingdowna
threefoldnatureofaDaemon:Hewritesthus:Plato,inhisTimaeus,says,ourAnimalNatureisaDaemon:butthismustbe

ad|mittedbutcomparitivelyforthereisaDaemonbyEssence,anotherbyComparison,anotherbyReferenceorRespectfor
everywherethatwhichnextpresides,beingacertainorderofDaemon,inrespectoftheInferior,isusuallycall'daDaemon.In
whichsenseJupiter,inOrpheus,callshisFatherSaturnaDaemon.AndPlato,inhisTimaeus,call'dthoseGodsDaemons,that
immediatelyorderGeneration.Indeed,bycomparison,suchanoneisaDaemonwhichnextprovidesforeveryone,whetherit
beGod,orinferiortoGod.Andinsomere|spectthatMindissaidaDaemon,whichper|formswonderfulActions,moreliketo
thoseofaDaemonthanofaMan,andhashiswholeLifesuspendedfromaDaemon.Afterthisway,Ithink,Socratescall'd
thoseMindsDaemonsinaRepublick,whichhadpass'dtheirLives
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well,andweretranslatedintoabetterState.Finally,aDaemonbyEssenceiscall'daDae|mon,notbyrespecttoSequents,nor
byrea|sonofsomesimilitudetoanotherthing,buthasgothisPropertyofhimself,andhasacer|taindistinctExistence,andhis
properPowers,andhisdifferentwaysofacting.IndeedtherationalSoulinTimaeusisalwayscall'danAnimalDaemon,buthe
doesnotmeanitaDaemonsimplyforwhenwesayaDaemonsim|ply,itsacertainmiddleNaturebetwixtGodsandMen.By
Plotinusandothers,itsquaeried,whetherourMindsaremov'dofthemselvestoDesiresandDeterminations,orbytheim|pulse
ofsomeDeity.Andfirst,theysaidhumaneMindswerespontaneouslymov'dbuttheyfounduponsearch,thatwewere
impell'dtoallhonestActions,byacertainFamiliarGeniusorNumen,givenusatourBirthandthatwedesireorcovetevil
thingsbyourMind:ForitcannotbethatwecovetevilthingsbytheWillofaDeity,whom,itsmanifest,noEvilcanplease
tho'doubt|lessbymanyofthePlatonicks,theAffectionsalsowithwhichwearecarriedaway,arecall'dDaemons.
AmmianusMarcellinuswritesthus:*Divinestellus,thatasallMenareborn,(savingthestedfastnessofFate)certain
DivinePowersareassociatedtothem,tobeasortofGover|noursoftheirActions,tho'theyareseenbyfew,whom
manifoldVertueshavedignified:AndthisOraclesandfamousAuthorshavetaught,amongwhomMenander:
Unicuiquehoministatimnascenti
AdestDaemonvitaemystagogus.

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AndsowearegiventounderstandfromHo|mer'sImmortalPoems,thattheCelestialGodshavenotspoketoValiantMen,nor
havebeenpresenttothem,noraidedthemintheirFights,butFamiliarGeniiattendedthem,bywhoseAidPythagorasand
Socratesaresaidchieflytohaverais'dtheirFame.NumaPom|piliusalso,andtheElderScipio,and,assomethink,Mariusand
Octavianus,whohadfirsttheTitleofAugustusgivenhim,andHermesTrismegistus,andApolloniusTyanaeus,andPloti|nus,
whohasadventuredatsomeReasoningsaboutthismysticalMatter,andprofoundlytoshewfromwhatbeginningstheseGenii
be|comeconnectedtotheMindsofMen,whichreceiving,asitwereintheirEmbraces,theydefendasfarastheymay,and

teachthemgreatthings,iftheyfindthempure,andse|ver'dfromthecorruptionofsinning,byanimmaculateSocietywiththe
Body.
*

HieronymusCardanussays,ingeneral,thereweremanifolddifferencesofDaemonsamongtheAncientsforbidding,
asthatofSocratesadmonishing,asthatofCiceroathisDeathteachingthingstocomebyDreams,Brutes,Casualties
advisingustogotoaplace,anddeceivingusbyoneSense,ormore,andbysomuchheisthenobler,likewiseby
natural,andalsobynonnaturalthingsandthiswethinkthenoblestalsoagoodandabad.
*GilbertusCognatuswrites,thatsomethinkbythewordManes,SoulsseparatedfromtheBodyaresignifiedwhence

weseethatan|cientMonumentsofSepulchersareinscrib'd,DiisManibusandthosethatdemolishSepul|chersare
thoughttoviolatetheGodManes.IntheBody,theyarecall'dGeniiseparated
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fromtheBody,LemureswhentheyinfestHousestheyarecall'dLarvaeonthecon|trary,iftheyaregood,Familiar
Lares.
ThategregiousPhilologerKircher,*inhisOedipusAegyptiacus,givesthefollowingac|countoftheGenii,accordingto
theDoctrineoftheAegyptians.TheAegyptianshadalwaysingreatvenerationcertainStatues,whichtheycall'd
SerapestheLatins,PenatesorLares:SomesaythePenatesarenoughtbutthoseGeniiorDeasters,bywhichwe
Breathe,weKnow,weSee,webeholdtheSun,viz.Jupiter,Juno,Minerva,andVestafortheycall'dthemid|dleRegion
oftheAir,Jupiterthelower,Ju|nothetoppartoftheAether,Minerva,whoisthepowerofdivineIntelligencethe
Earth,Vesta:Thesetheycall'dandbeliev'dtobetheGodsofProvinces,andofourBirths,andPresidentsoverCities,
andguardsofprivateHouses.AndDionysiusHalicarnassaeussays,theRomanscalltheseGodsPenatesandsome
translatingthemintoGreek,callthemGenethliosorGenitalesotherscallthemdomestickandfamiliarGodssomethe
PresidentsofPosses|sionsothers,secretGods.Theyarecall'dGenethlii,becausetheyarethoughttobeap|pointedto
theguardofMen,presentlyupontheirbeingBornorbecausebytheirvigi|lancyallthingsaregeneratedwhencethe
Geniiarealsocall'd,thePresidentsofthingsthataretobeGenerated.Theyarecall'dPatrii,becausetheywerethought
topresideonlyoverthosethingswhicharecommontosomeRegion.orProvinceinwhich,withgreatdiligence,they
order'dthingsnotonlybelongingtoeveryCity,butalsotoeveryHousetoallMen,Plants,andAnimals,ac|cording
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tothecarecommittedtothem.TheSerapesoftheEgyptianswerenoughtbutImages,withoutanyeminencyoftheir
Limbs,roll'd,asitwere,inSwadlingCloaths,part|lymadeofanappropriateStone,partlyofMetal,Wood,orShell.
Someofthese,astutelaryGods,wereplac'dinpublickPlaces,foraguardofthem.Othersofthemwereappointedfora

guardofPersons,andwerestandingTutelaries.Someotherswerepor|table,whichwhithersoeverMenwent,they
carriedwiththem.SomealsotheycarriedasAmuletsabouttheirNecks,attheirGirdles,andabouttheirHandwrists.
Moreover,theirCountenanceswerevariouslyfiguredforsomehadaWomanlyCountenance,andtheirHeadsveil'd
somewereintheFormofBoys,withaVittaabouttheirHeadsotherswererepresentedotherways.Theydifferedalso
inInstrumentssome,whichtheycall'dAverrunei,orApotropaei,werefigur'dwithvariousInstruments,asWhips,
Scourges,NetshangingfromtheirShouldersandthesearetheImageswhichtheHebrewscallThera|phim,andwhich
theScripturestellus,RachelstolefromherFatherLaban,Gen.31.whichwerebroughtfromEgyptbytheServantsof
AbrahamintoPalestina,andpropagatedthere.Theycall'dthemTheraphim,because,astheycouldnotpronounceS,
changingSintoT,accordingtotheuseoftheChaldaeansandchangingthelastSintoim,theycall'dthoseImages
Theraphim,whichtheEgyptianscall'dSerapes.NowthePenatesoftheEgyptianswerethesamewithOsiris,Isis,
Nephte,Horus,Harpocrates,Arveris,Apopis,andinnumerableDeastersofthiskind,whichtho'theywere
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accountedtheuniversalGeniiofallNature,andthesameastoSubstance,onlydifferingineffects,yetastheywere
deputedtotheguardofprivatethings,theyhadtheNameofTutelaries,andwereworship'dasprivateDeities.Sofar
Kircher.
FromtheseGeniioftheGentiles,ErasmusinhisAdages,thinksChristianDivineshaveascrib'dtoeachPersontwo
Angels,agoodandabadtho'Ithinkhesaysitwithlittlereason,aCommunionwithAngelsbeingsousualwiththe
Patriarchsfromwhom,inallprobability,theGentilestooktheirDoctrineoftheGenii.TheGeniiweredrawnunder
severalForms,asofaSerpent,aBoy,aGirl,aYouth,oranoldMan,asCebesinhisTable.Censorinus,andmanyof
theAncientstellus,theLaresandtheGeniiwerethesame:NowtheLareswererepresentedintheFormofYoung
Men,cloath'dwithDogSkins,andhavingaDogtoattendthem,intimating,thattheywerefriendlyandfawningto
Domesticks,andfor|midabletoStrangers,asDogsarewonttobe.Pieriustellsus,fromChrysoppus,*thattheLares
werecloath'dwithDogsSkins,becausetheyrepresenttheGenii,whoareappointedforourGuardandas
CommissionerstoinflictPunishmentsonusforallourevilWordsandDeeds,andtoavengeCrimesandallImpiety,as
oftenas,Humanitylaidby,wedeclinetoabrutalLifewhichtheGenii,assagaciousDogs,pursueanddrawtocondign
Punish|ments.Headds,AndastheGeniiaregivenusforassiduousAttendants,neverdepartingfromus,it'swith
Justicehesays,thattheDog,asatutelaryAnimal,washieroglyphicallydedicatedtotheLares,beingthesamewith
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theGeniiwhichwemaymoreproperlycallAngels:Andhesayshecannotpassbywhathehasreadamongancient
Writers,viz.thattherewasaTempleofVulcanatMountAetna,inSicily,inwhoseGrovetherewereDogs,which
fawn'donthosethatcamethitherwithPurityandPietybutmiserablyrenttheIm|pureandPolluted,astho'divinely
presagingthething.

IcouldwritemoreconcerningtheGeniioftheAncients,as,oftheSacrificesthatweremadetothem,andother
particulars,butitisbesidemybusinesshereandIshallonlynote,thatbesidetheGeniiattendingeachPer|son,the
Ancientssuppos'dotherspresidingovereachCountry,City&c.ThoseintheFigureprefixttothisBookbeingsuch,asI
tookthemfromCartariushisImagesoftheGodsoftheAncients.TheExplanationofwhichFiguresisasfollows.
TheFigureonthelefthandrepresentstheevilGenius,thatInfestedtheInhabitantsoftheTownTemessa,inItaly.The
Storyisthus:PausaniaswritingofEuthymus,*theChampion,tellsus,thatUlysses,inhisWandrings,comingtothe
TownofTemessa,oneofhisAssociates,forhavingravish'daVirgin,wasston'dtodeathbytheTownsmenwhereupon
hisGhostcon|tinuallyinfestedthemsothattheywereuponquittingtheTown,tilltheyweretoldbyApol|lo'sOracle,
thattoappeasehim,theymustbuildhimaTemple,andsacrificetohimyear|lythemostbeautifulVirgintheyhad
amongthemwhich,astheyprepar'dtoperform,itchanc'd,thatoneEuthymus,aChampion,cametotheTown,and
desir'dtobeadmit|theTemplewhoseeingtheVirgin,
Page19
andfallinginLovewithher,undertooktofightwiththeGenius,andovercamehim,andforc'dhimoutoftheCountry,
andmarriedtheVirgin.ThisGeniuswasofaveryblackColour,andaformidableAppearance,ha|vingaWolf'sSkin
fasten'dabouthim.
AstothelittleFigureinthemiddle,theStoryisthus,asPausaniasrelatesitinthesameBook:TheEleansWorship,as
theirCountryGod,Sosipolis,whichsignifiesthePreserveroftheirCity.HisSacrificesbeingwonttobeyearly
CelebratedintheTempleofLucina.ConcerningthisGod,whatfol|lowsisrecorded:WhentheArcadiansinvadedthe
CountryoftheEleans,andtheEleanspre|sentedanArmyagainstthem,aWoman,withaChildsuckingatherBreast,
cametothechiefCommandersoftheEleans,andtoldthem,thatwhenshebroughtforththatChild,shewas
admonish'dinaDream,toplacehimwiththeEleansintheBattle:whereuponthechiefCommandersoftheEleans,
havingthoughtfittocredittheWoman,plac'dtheChildbeforetheirStandard.UpontheAr|cadiansOnset,theBoy,in
theirsight,turn'dintoaSerpentbywhichProdigybeingfrighted,theypresentlyfled,theEleanssmart|lypursuing
them:Andupongettingthisfa|mousVictory,theygavehimtheNameofSosipolisandataplacewheretheSerpent
wasseentogointoaCavern,aTemplewasbuiltaftertheVictoryandHonoursweredecreedtoLucina,becausethey
thoughttheBoywasbroughtintotheWorldbyher.ThisGodwasdrawnasaBoy,withaGarmentofvariousColours,
sprinkledwithStars,hold|inginhisHandanHornofPlentyforin
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thisFormhewasseenbysomePersoninaDream.Imayherenote,thattheFormofSerpentsunderwhichtheGenii
werewor|ship'd,denotesthewiseandvigilantCaretheyhaveoverus.

AsfortheFigureontheRighthand:InsomeofAdrian'sCoin,thisInscriptionisfound,Gen.P.R.whereisseenthe
ImageofaMilitaryMan,compass'daboutwithaGar|ment,whichreachestothemiddleofhisLegs,havinginthe
RighthandaDishlikeaSacrificingVesselandintheLeft,anHornofPlenty:ThisprobablybeingtheGeniusofthe
PeopleofRome,underwhoseGuardian|shiptheirCitywastheHornandDishshew|ing,thattheRomanState,asall
othersaresupportedbyoutwardPlenty,andReligiousDevotiontowardsGod.
InsomeoftheAncientCoinsofTrajanandAdrian,isseenaGenius,presentingwithhisRighthandaDishonanAltar,
adorn'dwithGarlandsandholdinginhisLefthandaWhip,orsomewhatlikeit,hangingdown.This,bysome,is
thoughttodenoteRewardsandPunishments.IntheCoinofMarcusAu|reliusisaGenius,havingsuchaDishinthe
Righthand,andanHornofPlentyintheother,withthisInscription,GeniisExerci:EtGenioAugusti.SointheCoinof
Fl.ValeriusConstantinus,GenioPopuliRomaniP.L.C.whereheholdsintheRighthandaDishwithaStar,inthe
Left,anHornofPlenty.Again,inthatofMaximinus,sometimeswiththisIn|scription,GenioAugustisissometimes
GenioPopuliRomaniT.F.sometimesGenioImperatoris.TheseandthelikeInscriptionsaregather'dtogetherina
particularBook,bytheLearned
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PhysicianAdolphusOcco.IntheAntiquitiesalsoofAppiansuchInscriptionsofMonumentsarefoundintheCityof
TarracoinArragonia.AndsomuchforageneralNotionoftheGeniioftheAncients.
CHAP.II.ConcerningtheGeniithatareascribedtoSocrates,Aristotle,Ptolinus,Porphyrius,Jamblicus,Chicus,Scaligerand
Cardan.

THO'theGeniioftheseMenareredu|cibletotheChaptersIshallgouponbeneath,whereIshallexaminewhat
percep|tionMenhavehadofSpirits,orGenii,bytheirseveralSensesyet,inregardtheLearnedNaudaeus,inhis
ApologyforallthegreatMenthathavebeenaccusedofMagick,*hasWritpar|ticularlyconcerningtheGeniiofthese
Men,andexplodedthemandotherAuthorshavewritagainsttheGeniusofSocrates.Ishallhereparticularlyconsider
whatmaybesaidcon|cerningtheseGenii.
ThemostcelebratedInstanceofaGeniusamongtheAncientsisthatofSocrates.Te|stimoniesforitaregivenbyPlato,
XenophonandAntisthenes,hisContemporaries,con|firm'dbyLaertius,Plutarch,MaximusTyrius,DionChrysostomus,
Cicero,Apuleius,Ficinus,andothers,manyoftheModerns,besidesTertulli|an,Origen,ClemensAlexandrinus,Austin
and
Page22

others.SocrateshimselfinPlato'sTheagesays,bysomeDivineLot,IhaveacertainDaemonwhichhasfollowedme
frommyChildhood,asanOracleandthisisaVoice,whichwhenithappens,alwaysdisswadesthethingIamaboutto
do,butneverpromptsmetodoanything:andifanyofmyFriendscom|municateanythingwithme,andtheVoiceis
heard,itdisswades,andisagainstthedoingofit:AndpresentlyafterherelateshowapersonlosthisLife,forhaving
despisedthecommandofhisDaemon,warninghimnottodepartfromhim.Again,speakingtoAlcibi|odes,hesays,my
Tutor,isBetter,andWi|serthanyou:AndspeakingconcerningthepowerofhisDaemon,e'enonotherpersonsthat
usedhisCompanyandConversation,hesays,ifitbegratefultomyGod,youwillprofitmuch,andinalittletimeifon
thecontrary,not:Andagain,inhisApology,hesays,goingoutofdoorsthisMorning,thesignofGoddidnotoppose
me.
Manyhavebeenofopinion,thatSocrateshadnotonlyaperceptionofhisGeniusbyhissenseofHearing,butlikewise
byhisSightandFeeling.SoApuleiussays,hejudg'dSocratesperceivedthesignofhisDaemon,notonlybyhisEars,*
butbyhisEyesalsobe|causeheaffirmed,thatoftennotaVoice,butadivineSignwaspresentedtohimwhichhewas
themoreinducedtobelieve,forthatitwassocommonathingwiththePythagoreanstoseeDaemons,thatthey
won|dredifanyMansaidhehadseennone.WhichGiftIimputetotheirgreatsilence,andtheirdeeprecessofMind
forasPara|celsuswithotherssay,Silenceisthejoyofall
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Spirits.TheAuthorofthesmallTract,en|titled,DepropriicujusquenatiDaemonisInvesti|gatione,Printedattheendof
theTrinumMa|gicum,beforementioned,saysthesame,viz.thatSocratesbothheardhisDaemon,andsawhim.And
Pictorius,inhisDialoguedeMateriaDaemonum,says,thatSocratesaffirmshisDaemonoftentohavespoketohim,
whohesometimessawandtouch'd.Soagain,*TheocritusinPlutarch,willhaveit,thataVisionattendedhimfromhis
Childhood,guidinghiminalltheactionsofhisLife,whichVisiongoingbeforehim,wasalightinAffairs,where
hu|maneprudencecouldnotreachandthattheSpiritoftenspoketohim,divinelygo|verningandinspiringhis
Intentions.
NotwithstandingtheopinionoftheseMen,andothers,thatSocrateshadaperceptionofhisGeniusbymoresensesthan
one,IshallonlyhereinsistontheperceptionhehadofhimbyhissenseofHearingwhichinre|gardit'ssowellattested
byPlatoandXeno|phon,hisDisciples(whowereenviousCom|petitorsforLearning,ifitmaybesosaidof
Philosophers,sothattheycannowaysbesu|spectedforhavingcombinedtogethertoim|poseontheWorld)Iwholly
givecreditto,tho'Iwellknowtherealwayshavebeen,andstillaresomeMenintheWorld,whohavecaveledatwhat
issaidofSocrates'sGenius,asathingfeignedwhosereasonsIshallnowexamine.
ThelearnedNaudaeus,inhislaudableWorkabovementioned,andthe13th.Chapterofit,treatingconcerningtheGenii
ascrib'dtoSocra|tes,andothers,asabove,writesthus,AccordingtotheAuthorityofallAuthors,eachofthesePersons
mayboastofhavingbeenledintothe

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TempleofGloryandImmortality,bytheassistanceofsomeGenius,orFamilarDaemon,whichwastothem,*as
Apuleiussays,asingu|larGuide,adomestickInspector,aninse|parableJudgeandWitness,adisapproverofEvils,and
anapproverofGoodbutsincewecannotmaintainthisOpinion,withoutaba|tingmuchoftheseMensMerit,andthe
Ob|ligationweowetotheirlaboursbythemeansofwhich,andnotofthoseDaemonsandtutelaryGods,somany
preciousRelicksandMonu|mentsoftheirLearningarecometoourKnowledge,Ithinkitverypropertopre|servethe
praiseduetothem,andtoshewbythetrueConstructionthatoughttobegiventothisConversation,howfarthoseare
outofthewayintheirImaginations,whoperswadethemselvesitwassuchasthatofAngelswithHolyPersons,orof
DaemonswithMagiciansfortocomeasneartotheTruthaswemay,weoughttoobserve,thatthePlatonicks,
ac|cordingtotheTestimoniesofJamblicusandFxius,*suppos'dfoursortsofrationalAnimals,underthattheycall'dthe
firstBeing,orthefirstGood,whoisthePrimeAuthor,andMoverofallthings,viz.theCelestialGods,orAngels,
DaemonsthatwereInferiorstothem,Heroes,andtheSoulsofMeningeneral,andthatthechiefOfficeandDutyof
Daemons,beingnoother(asProclussays)buttoconcernthemselvesintheAffairsandConductofthelast,*andto
servethemasGuidesandMediatorstowardstheGods.Menhavetakenanoccasionfromtheresemblanceofthese
Actions,tothosethatSoulsexerciseontheirBodies,togivethesesometimestheNameofDaemons,andespecial|ly
whentheycomesotofreethemselvesfrom
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theSlaveryandTyrannyofthematter,wheretheyare,asitwere,interr'd,thattheymakethemselvesabsolute
MistressesofalltheirFa|culties,andnolongerproducebutMiracles,andActionsaltogetherlikethoseofDaemons,
whichisthetrueSenseaccordingtowhichApuleiussaid,thattheMindofMan,*evenwhileintheBody,iscall'da
DaemonandHeraclitus,thattheSpiritofManserv'dhimforaGeniusandthejustdesire,andgoodOperationofthe
Soulmaybelikewisequali|fiedwiththenameofGod,sinceev'nPor|phyriussaidtothispurpose,afterPlato,inhis
Timaedus,thatGodhasgivenustheSuperiorfacultyofourSpirit,asaDaemontoguideusandthathemayrightlybe
call'danEudaemon,thattakesWisdom,asawatchTowertoguidehiminalltheActionsofhisLife:whichmightserve
usforaGeneralsolutiontoAn|swerallthatissaidoftheFamiliarityandConversationofcertainDaemons,with
Socra|tes,Aristotle,andothersifitwerenotratherrequisitetosatisfieparticularObjecti|ons,thatmaybemadeagainst
eachofthem,andtoexaminefirstwhatweoughttobe|lieveconcerningthesofamousandrenown'dDaemonof
Socrates,nolesscelebratedbytheAuthorityofthosethathavegiv'nustheHistoryofit,thanbythegreatDiversitiesof
Judgmentsthathavebeenmadeofhimsomesaying,thattheremaybesomelikelihoodofTruthforitsbeingreallyso
others,thatitwasameerFictionofthisPhilosopher,orofhistwoDisciples,XenophonandPlato,whoasfalsly
publish'dthereportofthisDivineAssist|ance,asthatoftheOraclesdeclaringhimthewisestofMen.Andhere
Naudaeuslaysbe|fore

Page26
usalltheDirtthatenvyorprejudicehasthrownonSocrates,andthengoesonthus:ButsinceIshouldbutexposemy
selftothelaugh|terofallMen,tofollowthelicentiousnessofthesedangerousSpirits,whosofreelyshamtheAuthority
ofthesetwogreatPhilosophers,asalsothatofApuleius,MaximusTyrius,Cicero,Plutarch,andalmostallthegood
Authors,toshewthemselvesmoresubtleandclearsightedthanothers,bycrushingtopiecesthisoldI|mage:Irather
chusetorangemyselfoftheirsidethatrespectitsinceIcannotperswademyself,thatsogreatanumberofWriters
wouldhaveloadedSocrateswithsomanyPrai|ses,orcall'dhim,asMartialdid,thegreatOldman*Persius,the
reverendMasterVale|riusMaximus,theMindvestedwithvirileStrengthorfinally,asApuleius,theOldmanof
DivineWisdom,ifhehadnotsignalizedhimselfbyhisWisdomsothatweoughtrathertoex|cuse,thanreprehend
those,whodonotjudgewithoutreason,thathehadacquir'ditthro'thefavour,andAssistanceofsomeDaemon.Tho'
neverthelesstherebenolessuncertaintycon|cerningtheExplicationofhisNature,thanofmaliceandcalumnyinthe
precedentOpi|nionforApuleiuswouldhaveittobeaGod,LactantiusandTertullianaDevilPlatothoughthewas
invisibleApuleius,thathemightalsobevisiblePlutarch,thatitwasasneezingontherightorleftside,accordingto
whichSo|cratesforetoldagoodorevilEventofthethingundertakenMaximusTyrius,thatitwasaremorseof
Conscienceagainsttheprompt|nessandviolenceofhisNaturalTemper,whichwasneitherheard,norseen,bywhich
Socrateswaswithheld,andhindredfromdo|ing
Page27
someevilthing:Pomponatius,thatitwastheStarsthatrul'dathisNativityandfinally,MontaignewasofOpinion,it
wasacertainimpulseofhisWillthatpresenteditselftohimwithoutCouncilofhisDiscourse.Asformyself,Ibelieve
itmaybesaid,conformablyenoughtotruth,thatthisfamiliarDaemonofSocrates,whichwastohimaforeseerin
un|certainthings,apreadmonisherindoubtful,aguideindangerous,wasnoughtbutthegoodruleofhisLife,thewise
ConductofhisActions,andtheresultofallhisVirtues,thatform'dinhimthisPrudencewhichmaywithJusticebe
call'dthelustreandseasoningofallhisActi|ons,theEyethatseesall,guidesandordersall,andinaWord,theArtof
Life,asPhysickistheArtofHealth.Sothatthereismuchmoreseeminggroundtobelieve,thattheSoulofthis
Philosopher,purifyedfromitsviolentPassions,andenrich'dwithallkindsofVertues,wasthetrueDaemonofhis
Conductthantoimagine,thatheentangledhimselfwithIllu|sions,andPhantomes,gavecredittothem,orfollow'd
theirCounselsbeingathingwhol|lyabsurd,whichPlutarchseemstohaveamindtorootoutofourFancies,whenhe
saysintheBookhehascompos'dconcerningthisDaemon,thatSocratesdidnotdespiseCelestialthings,asthe
AthenianswouldperswadehimathisCondemnation,thoughitbeverytrue,thatmanyApparitions,Fablesand
Superstiti|ousthingsbeingcreptintothePhilosophyofPythagoras,andhisDisciples,whichrendereditwholly
ridiculousandcontemptible,hedidwhathecouldtomanageitwithprudence,andtoclearitofalltheseTales,andto
be|lieveofitbutwhathejudgedreasonable

Page28
andbeneath,havingsolv'dsomedifficultiestobemetwithconcerningtheDaemonofSo|cratus,headds,butbeside
thatthiswouldbeatoomanifestinterferingwiththePreceptofHorace.
*

NecDeusIntersit,nisidignusvindicenodus.
Inciderit
toreferthePredictionsofSocrates,andtheCounselhegavehisFriends,tosomeDivi|nity,wemaymorereasonablysay,that
ashewaswhollycarriedtomoralActions,sohehadparticularlyconsideredalltheaccidentsthathappen'dtoMen,andthatthe
leastthingmadehimforeseeandjudgeofthefuture.ThisiswhatNaudaeushaswritconcerningtheDaemonofSocrates.
*Maravigliawrites,thatSocratesbeingwho|lytakenupingivingMoralPrecepts,ascri|bedalltoaGenius,thinking

therebytogiveweighttohisprofitableArguments,whichheeverywhereusedforInstructionwellknow|ingwhat
authorityaMancarries,whoisbe|lievedtogivehisInstructions,bythedire|ctionofaDivineAfflatus:Hencethough
PlutarchandApuleiusbelievedSocrates'sGeniuswasatrueDaemon,whichbyreasonofhismostpureandcalmmind,
convers'dwithhimfromhisInfancy,yetnothingevincesittobeoughtbutthenaturalSubtilty,Sagacity,Reasonand
PrudenceofhisMind,cultiva|tedbyMeditationandPractice,whichasarightdictamenadmonishtandproposedtohim
thingstoberightlydone,andjudgedwellofFuturities:foritsreason,whichcontinuallywhispersuntouswhatistobe
hop'dfor,or
Page29
feared,andthatiswonttobecalledourGe|nius,andInwardVoicealwaysspeakingtous,withouthavingneedofa
separateGenius.AndTimarcus,inPlutacch,whowentintoTrophonius'sCavetoenquireafterthetruthofSocrates's
Genius,couldreceivenothingmoreprobable,butthoseGeniiwereportionsoftheMind,seatedabouttheheadofMan,
asbe|ingnaturallyendow'dwithagreaterWisdom.
TheLearnedAnton.VanDale,*M.D.inhislastEditionofhisBookofOracles,rejectstheDaemonofSocratesthus:
WhathavenottheAncientPaganssaidconcerningtheDaemonofSocrates?whatnoteventheChristians?butfrom
whatMenofAuthoritydoesitappearthatSocrateseverhadsuchaFamiliarDaemon?sinceallofthemoughttohave
haditfromthemouthofSocrates,oroftheSocraticks,Cherephon,andothers,towhomSocrateshadtoldit.Andafter
havingexplodedwhattheOracleissaidtohavedeliver'dofSocrates,viz.thathewastheWisestofMen,hecon|cludes
theChapterthus:Buttrulythosethingswhichweresorashlybelieved,anddeliveredbysomany,bothChristiansand
Pagans,con|cerninghisDaemon,whichistestifiedonlybyhimself(forsoheboastsofhimselfinPlato'sDialogue
Entitled,Theage,andothersofhisDis|ciplesforsooth)carrythesame,orratherthelikeshewofTruthfor,whomay

notaswellbelievePythagoras?who,asLaertiuste|stifiesfromothers,saidhewasfirstAethali|des,thenEuphorbus,
thenHermotimus,thenPyrrhus,aFishermanofDelos,beforehewas,inthelastplace,PythagorasfortheReasonsand
ArgumentsofSocratesconcerninghisDae|mon,inPlato,carrythesameweight.
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*MonsieurLeLoyerdelivershimselfinadiffe|rentwayconcerningtheDaemonofSocrates,writingthus:Dowenot

findthattheIdola|trousEgyptiansbelievedtherewereGenii,whoadmonishedMencommittedtotheirCareand
Government,byawellform'dandar|ticulateVoice:andfromwhomhadtheythis,butfromtheHebrews?Thosethat
examinetheDoctrineoftheEgyptians,andtheirPriests,knowthattheyarebuttheHebrewsApes,tho'concealingas
muchaspossibletheirAu|thors,andthosewhoseDoctrinetheyfollowwhichtheydowithsuchanaffected
dissimu|lation,thathethatdoesnotlookneartothem,shallneverbeabletodiscoverthetra|cesandfootstepsofthese
Thieves.TheyhadlearntthattheHebrews,byasecretTraditi|on,heldtheirPatriarchshadAngelswhichguardedthem,
andthatthePatriarchJacobhadnotconcealedhishavinganAngel,whichhadpreservedhiminallplaceswherehehad
beentheyheldalsothattheseAngelsInvisi|blyadmonishtthesaidPatriarchs,andthattheirVoicewasheard.
FromthisHebrewTraditionandDoctrine,theEgyptiansforgedtheirGenii,confoundingthemwiththeAngels,tho'the
GeniiarebutDaemons,andgavethemaVoicebywhichtheyadvertizedMen:andIcertainlybe|lieve,thatfromthe
Egyptians,PlatodrewandtooktheGeniusorDaemonofSacrates,whichhemakesInvisible,andtobeheard
Speaking,andformingsomeVoice.AndthoPlato,imi|tatinginthistheEgyptians,seemstosay,thattheGeniuswhich
governedandguidedSocra|teswasagoodDaemonandGenius,yetItakehimbutforaDevil,whichledSocrates
Page31
toanunhappyDeath.ThesameLeLoyer,inhissaidBook,*saysheconcludeswithse|veralDoctorsoftheChurch,that
SocrateswasaMagician,becauseheusedDivination.
Now,toconsiderwhattheseAuthorshavesaid,concerningtheGeniusofSocrates,wefindthateventhosethatdealthe
mostmildlywithhim,asNaudaeusandMaraviglia,denyanyVoicecomingtohimfromwithout,whichthewordsin
Platoplainlyandnaturallyimporthehad.AndIbelieveitmustbegrantedme,thatthemaingroundtheseMen,and
othersofthesameOpiniongoupon,is,thatnothavinghadanyexperienceofanysuchthinginthemselves,andnot
beingfullyconvinc'd,thatanyotherPersonhas,not|withstandingtheTestimoniesofMeninallAges,andtheInstances
Ishallgive,theyareuneasietoyieldthePoint,evenintheCaseofSocrates.AndImustheresay,Ihavehun|dredsof
times,seen,heard,andconvers'dwiththosetheycallGenii,Angels,Spirits,orDaemons,appearingtomeinhumane
ShapesofwhichIshallgivesomeRelationbeneath,besidetheExperiencesofmanyotherPersons,knowntome,and
nowliving,inthesamekindwhomopposers,(notwithstandinganyreluctancy)mustgivemeleavetobelievetobe
MenofassoundSenseasthemselves.

WhensuchPersonsofanovercautiousbe|lief,meetwithanythinginHistory,orhearsomethingrelatedinthiskind,
wefindtheyproceedtwowayseitherbeingsomewhattenderoftheAuthoritysuchthingsarede|liver'dby,they
excogitatevariousExplicati|onsoftheFact,aseachMan'sFancysug|geststohimsothattheywillallowsome|what
Page32
ofTruthinit,afterthewaytheyex|plainitaswefindintheCaseofSocrates,Naudaeus,andMaravigliahavedone
whichisliketheComplementyoungPhilosophershavebeentaughttopaytoAristotle,indi|stinguishinghisText,when
ithasseem'dtomakeagainstthemortheyflatlydenyit,andexplodeitasaFable,withDr.VanDale,Gallaeus,and
manyothersasanyManmayeasilydoofanyHistoricalFact,howeverat|tested(sinceitwillnotbearademonstrative
proof)andboldlycryout,AffirmantiIncumbitprobatio.
ItwasalaudableUndertakingofNaudaeus,towriteanApologyforalltheGreatMenaccusedofMagickbysome
narrowUnder|standingsandwhich,Ithink,hehasgene|rallywellperform'd:ButastohiswayofApologizingforthe
Menabovementioned,IcannotseehowitshouldabateoftheirMerit,oroftheObligationwehavetothem,forthe
Workstheyhaveleftus(asheseemstothinkitwould)tho'theyhadreceiv'dagoodpartoftheirKnowledgefromthe
Sug|gestionofIntellectualBeingsfortheWorldhasbeenlongunderaMistake,ifprophetickLearning(whichbeside
whathasbeenimme|diatelyinspir'dfromtheprimeCause,Menmayhavesometimeshadbyasuggestionfrom
Intelligences)benotofasgreataMerit,andhasnotlaidasgreatObligationsonMankind,asanyexcogitatedby
HumaneWitandweareaswellowingtotheprimeCauseforwhatwedeliverbyourordinaryFaculties,asforwhatin
thisextraordinaryway.
Again,Tho'theprimaryendofgoodAn|gels,indirectingMankind,beinthingsre|lating
Page33
totheireternalSalvationyetIknownotwhytheymaynotsometimes,inspireoropenlydirecttheminhumaneStudies,
andinthingsrelatingtohumaneLife,sotheyareofagoodtendncyasIfindnotbuttheknowledgeofSocrates,and
thatofothers,whomIshallmen|tionbeneathweretho'thatsomehavehadKnowledgeinspir'dthembyEvilSpirits:its
whatDivinesgenerallyteach:NeithershallIheretakeuponmetomaintain,thattheGeniiwhichattendedsomeofthe
Personsa|bovementionedbyNaudaeus(iftheyhadany)wereofthebettersort.
ThereisonethingIshallnoteinNaudaeus'saccountoftheDaemonofSocrates,viz.Wherehetellsus,Plutarchsaidit
wasaSneezingontherightorleftside,accordingtowhich,Socratesforetoldagoodorevileventtothething
undertaken.Now,tho'Plutarch,inhisAcademicalwayofWriting,inhisTractofSocrates'sDaemon,introducesone
Polymnis,whosetforththisOpinion,viz.thatSocrateswasguidedinhisjudgmentbyaSneezing,happeningto

himself,orsomestanderby,yetIseenocolourofreason,whythisopi|nionshouldbefathereduponPlutarchhimself,
morethanotherstheresetforth.Mr.Bogan,tho'otherwisealearnedMan,inhisadditi|onstoMr.Rouss'sArcheologiae
Atticae,seemstomealittleovercomicalinsportingwithSo|crates,andhisGenius,saying,*Socrates(asE|muncte
narisashewas)hadsolittleSensehim|self,astofetchadvicehimselffromanothermansNose,andtomakeaSneeze
servein|steadofaGenius,orDaemonium,totellhimtheGoodandtheBad,&c.butallmenarenotadmirersof
PedantickRailery.
Page34
TocometoMaraviglia,wefindhewillhaveit,accordingtohisprejudice,thatSo|crates'sGeniuswasonlyhispretence
togainauthoritytotheDoctrinehedeliveredtho'stillheallowssomewhatextraordinaryinhim,thatmaybecall'dhis
Genius,viz.thewon|derfulSagacityofhisMind,cultivatedbyalongMeditation,whichmightinaparticularmanner
havedirectedhisJudgment,astopresentandfuturethings.ButIthinkthissuspitionofSocrates'sdesigninhisGaenius
ispoorlygrounded,sinceitnowayappearsthateverSocratesimputedtheDoctrinehede|liveredtotheSuggestionof
hisGenius,asNu|maandothersdid,butonlyhisbeingwith|heldbyhim,fromdoingsomeActionswhichwouldhave
prov'dprejudicialtohim.
AsforDr.VanDale,heallowsSocratesnomorethanotherMen,andwhollyrejectshisGenius,asnotbeingwell
attested,andchar|gesChristiansandPagansforhavingoverrashlybeliev'd,anddeliver'dasatruththeStory
concerninghim.
Nowastothis(withreverencetotheLearningofsogreataMan)Imusttakefreedomtosay,itseemstomehehas
over|donethematterinthiscase,bypressingthingstoofarasIconceivehehasinseveralotherpartsofhisWorks:for
astohisrejectingthetestimoniesofXenophonandPlato,asnotworthminding,Ibelieve,byunprejudicedReaders
theymaybelook'duponasunexcepti|onableTestimoniesinthatmatter,asanytwoMennowlivingonthefaceofthe
Earthforwhattheyshalldeliverbyhearsay,ifweshallbeledbysuspicions,andremotepossibi|litiesofFraud,and
contrivanceofsuchMen,
Page35
allhistoricaltruthshallbeeluded,whenitconsistsnotwithaMansprivatehumour,orprejudicetoadmitit.Asfor
whathefur|therurges,thatifwebelieveSocrates'sboast(ashecallsit)ofhisDaemon,wemayaswellbelieve
Pythagoras,whosaidhewasfirstAethalides,thenEuphorbus,&c.beforehecametobePythagorasIthinkthereisa
greatdisparityinthecasefor,astoDivineVoicesbeingheard,itsnomorethanwhatalltheAncientProphetstestified,
besideswhatwefindrecordedoftheminallChristianandPaganHistories,norarelivingTestimonieswanting:
whereas,fortheother,itswellknownhowallthelearnedhaveexpoundedthePythagoreanTransmygration:concerning
whichtheverylearnedJoan.Reuchlinwritesthus.*ThePythagoreanMetempsycosissignify'dnothingamongthetruly

learned,butasimi|litudeofnotionsandstudies,whichwereformerlyinsomeMen,andafterwardssprungupagainin
others:andsoitwasformerlysaid,thatEuphorbuswasreborninPythagoras,becausethatwarlikeValourwhichwas
cele|bratedintheTrojanEuphorbus,somewayap|pear'dagaininPythagoras,byreasonoftheloveheboretothe
Athletae,orthosethatgavethemselvestomanlikeexercises.Fcinusalsotestifiesthesame,affirming,*thatthe
Transmigrationalso,asitrespectsBrutesandMen,accordingtothesenseofallthelearn|edPlatonicks(exceptPltinus)
importedonlythatasaffectsofBrutesbecamehabituatedinMen,Manseem'dtohavepastintotheirNatures.ButifDr.
VanDalewillhaveitthatPythagorasdeclaredthisasatruth,inalitteralsense:whenheshallproducesome
Page36
others,whohavedeclaredthelikeexperienceofaTransmigrationinthemselves,asIhavegiveninstancesbackingwhat
issaidofSocrates,wemayallowitalikemotiveofcredibility.AndiftheopinionofOrigen(whomtheDr.praisesas
morediscreetinhisopinionconcer|ningthePaganOracles,*thantheotherprimi|tiveFathers)weighsanythingwith
him,hewillfindhimprettysmartagainstthosethatrejecttheGeniusofSocrates,wherehesaysNorwillthereeverbe
wantingcalumnytotheuncandid,*whohaveamalicioussenseevenofthebestofMen,sincetheymakeasportevenof
theGeniusofSocrates,asathingfeign'd.
SinceIhaveintimateditabove,Ishallheregiveafartherinstance,ortwo,ofthislearnedPersonsoverarguinghimself,
asIcon|ceive,intheThirdChapterofhisFirstDissertation,treatingoftheOrigenofOracles,wherehewritesagainst
theImpostureoftheGentilesinthatkind,hechargesthemforha|vingcontrivedgenerallytheseatsoftheirOracleson
Mountains,wherewereCavesandSubterraneousVaults,partlymadebyNature,partlybyArt,forcarryingontheir
CheatsandthatnonebutKings,Princes,andGreatMen,consciousoftheCheat,wereadmittedtoconsultthem.Now,
ifanyoftheGentiles,whohadabeliefintheirOracles,asIthinkitbeyonddispute,thatmany,evenofthemost
learnedofthem,hadnay,iftheyknewthemtobeCheats,assomethoughtthemtobe,wouldtheynotpresentlyreply,
thataMountainwasmadechoiceofforMosestoreceivetheLawofGod,andthatnoManunderpainofDeath,wasto
approachtheMountainbuthimselfandAaron?andlike|wise
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thattheJewskepttheirSanctumSancto|rumaltogetherasprivate,andasliabletoasus|picionofaCheat,andadmitted
nonebutthePrince,theSenate,orsomegreatPersontocon|sulttheOracleofUrimandThummimandtheHighPriest
onlysawthesignofGodintheBrestplate,directinganAnswer,asthelearn|edJoan.Leusdenhassetforthinhis
PhilologusHe|bromixtus.*SothatwefindtheforceofthisAr|gumentwhollyevacuated,itpressingequallyonboth
sides.AndIamsorryImustsayit,IfindtoomanyArgumentsmadeuseofbysomeWriters,againsttheReligionofthe
Gentiles,whichfallindirectly,Iwillnotsaydesignedly,onallReligion.

Again,thesaidAuthor,*inhisTractDeDivinationeIdololatric,afterhavingtoldusoftheSuperstitiousPracticeof
theGentiles,indri|vingawaytheLemureswithanoiseofBrass,addsThosethatwillbelievethesethings,mayaswell
believewhatPlinywrites,viz.Aboveallthingsthathaveeverbeenheardof,*istheprodigyhappeninginourTime,by
aruineintheMarrucineTerritories,wheretheOlivefieldofVectiusMarcellus,achiefPersonoftheEquestralOrder,
pastoverthewholecommonRoad,andonthecontrary,Plow'dLandscamethenceintotheOlivefield.Now,this
seem'dverystrangetoPliny(who,tho'anadmirerofgreatthings,andaManexcel|lentlyqualifiedforrecording
historicalFacts,wasneverlooktuponbythelearnedasadi|ligentenquirerintocauses)andwhollyin|credibletothe
Authortho'IthinkitnosuchextraordinaryPhaenomenonofNature,therebeingseveralInstancestobegivenofthe
likekind,aswellwithinourNationaselsewhere.
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Stowtellus,inhisSummary,thatAn.1582.Jan.the13thatHermitageinDorcetshire,apieceofGroundofthree
Acres,remov'dfromitsplace,andwascarryedoveranotherClose,whereAldersandWillowsgrew,thespaceofforty
Rods,orPerches,andstoptuptheHigh|waythatleadstoCirne,aMarketTown,andyettheHedgesitwasinclos'd
with,incloseitstill,andtheTreesstandboltupright,andtheplacewheretheGroundwasbeforeisleftaPit.SoAn.
1571.Marcleyhill,intheEastpartofHerefordshire,witharoaringnoisere|moveditselffromtheplacewhereitstood,
andforthreedaystogethertravell'dfromitsoldSeat.ItbeganfirsttoremoveFebr.the17thbeingSaturday,atSixof
theclockintheEvening,andbySevenoftheclockthenextMorning,ithadgonefortyPaces,carryingwithitSheepin
theirFolds,HedgerowsandTrees,whereofsomewereoverturn'd,andsomethatstooduponthePlain,arefirmly
growingupontheHill,thosethatwereEastwereturn'dWest,andthoseintheWest,weresetintheEast:Inthisremove
itoverthrewKinnastonChappel,andturn'dtwoHighwaysnearanhundredYardsfromtheiroldCourse.TheGround
thatthusremovedwasabout26AcreswhichopeningitselfwithRocksandall,boretheEarthbeforeit400Yards
space,withoutanystay,leavingPasturageintheplaceoftheTillage,andtheTillageover|spreadwithPasturageatlast
overwhelmingitslowerpartsitmountedtoanHilloftwelveFathomshigh,andsorestedafterthreeDaystravel.More
instancesmaybegiv'nofthesameNature,thisbeingwroughtbythatkindofEarthquakes,wecallBrastae,or
Brasmatis,
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from[gap:innonLatinalphabet]ferveo,bullio,viaestuseficio,whichraise,andprotrudetheEarth,many
IslandshavingbeensocastupfromthebottomoftheSeaonasudden.AsforthePlough'dLandscomingintheplace
oftheOlivefield,wemayeasilyconceivethistohavehappen'dbyaGyrativemotionofthatpieceofLandfollowing
upontheprotrusionfromthedeep.

IintimatethesethingsonlytocautionMennottobeoverhastyinrejectingthingsthatmayseemStrange,anddonot
presentlyfallwithintheirComprehensionandthatinopposingAdversariestheyusedueCircum|spectioninattending
tothevastextentofthePowerofNature,andthevariousManifesta|tionsofGodinMen,manythingsbeingevi|dentto
somePersons,whichtoothersseemwhollyincredible.
InthelastplaceasfortheSuggestionsofMonsieurleLoyer,viz.thatPlatohadhisNoti|onofSocrates'sGeniusfrom
theEgyptians,&c.Ithinkthemaltogethergroundless,sincePy|thagoras,wholiv'dbeforeSocrates,isaverr'dtohave
madehisgreatProficiencyinLear|ningfromhisConversewithSpirits,andsinceitwassousualathingforthe
PythagoreanstoseeSpirits,asApuleiusacquaintsus.AndwhymustitbeanevilGenius,bringingSocra|testoan
unhappyend?IfwebelievePlato,wefindSocratesdidnotthinkitso,butonthecontrarywasdesiroustodieandI
thinknoconsideringMan,whohasliv'danuprightLife,wouldthinkitanunhappythingtobefreedfromthe
grievancesofdecrepitAgeSocrates,accordingtothelowestComputati|on,being70YeasofAgewhenhedied
Sui|dassays80,others90.Andasforhisbeing
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aMagician,thisneednottohavebeenfeign'dtoprocurehimaGenius,sincehisDaemonissaidtohaveattendedhim
fromhisInfancy.AndsomuchconcerningtheGeniusofSocrates.
IshallnowproceedtogiveanAccountfromNaudaeus,oftheGeniiascrib'dtotheo|therMenbeforementionedby
him.AsfortheGeniusofAristotle,hethinksitaJestinthoseMenthathaveascrib'donetohimitbeingmanifest,
accordingtoallhisInterpre|ters,thatheneveradmittedotherIntelligences,butthoseheassign'dasmoverstoeach
SphereoftheHeavens,rejectingallotherkindsofDaemons,sostandingfirmtohisPrinciples,andnotadmittingany
thing,thatwasnotknowntohim,eitherbyMotionorOperation:Helikewisereferringallthatiswonttobeascrib'dto
Daemons,toNature,thatis,tothePro|pertiesofNaturalthingstoHumours,andTemperamentsofAnimals,tothe
NatureofPlaces,andtotheirVapoursandExhalations,leavingnothingtodofortheseSubstances.AndafterNaudaeus
hasgiv'nseveralReasonsagainstAristotle'sadmittingofDaemons,headds,Ithink,oneprobableArgumentmaybe
drawnfromhisBookconcerningDivinationbyDreams,where,toshewthatthereisno|thingSupernaturalinthemhe
says,butbe|causesomeAnimalslikewiseDream,certain|lyDreamsarenotsentfromGod,norcaus'dbyhim,butmust
beDaemonical,sinceNatureisDaemonical,notDivine.AndthoughitbegreatlycontrovertedamongInterpretersand
Commentators,*inwhatSensewemustex|plainthisEpithetgiv'nbyAristotletoNatureitseemsLeonicushasbetter
hitonitthantheothersandthattheLearnedCharpentarius,
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hasfoundthewholeEnergyofthisPhrase,whenhesays,Aristotlewouldshewbyit,thatthatforcemaybefoundin
Naturewellorder'd,dependingontheConversionoftheCelesti|alOrbs,whichmayservetoexplainallthosethings,for

whichothershaverecoursetoDae|monsbythemeansofwhichExplicationhesays,hemayanswerthesoleReason,
giv'nbyCaesalpinus,*forestablishingDaemonsaccordingtotheDoctrineofAristotle.
InreferencethereforetotheGeniusofAri|stotle,ascrib'dtohimbysomePersonsIshallsetdownwhatPiccolomini
andCaesalpinushavewritconcerninghisOpinion,astotheExi|stenceofDaemons,theformercontendingagainsthis
Admissionofthem,thelatterforit,andshallsubjoynmyownSenseintheMatter.
Piccoloministatesthecase,*whetherAristotlethoughttherewereDaemons,andconcludesintheNegative,writingas
follows:ThewordDaemonmaybetaken,eithermetaphorically,orproperly,ifmetaphorically,Aristotlemaybeallow'd
tohavegrantedDaemons,hesaying,*thatXenocratesaffirmshimtobeanEudaemon,whohasastudiousMindfor
thisistoeachMananEudaemonsowemayalsosaywithAristotle,thattheMindcomingfromwithout,andgoverning
aMan,ishisEudaemonsoinhisBookofDivinationbyDreams,hesays,ThatDreamsarenotsentbyGod,butare
Daemonical,becauseNatureisDaemonical,notDivineintimatingthatNature,byaMeta|phor,maybecall'da
Daemonwhichnamea|greestoit,becauseitisGod'sMessenger,ispowerful,andWorkssecretlyandwonderfullyall
whichthingsareascrib'dtoDaemonssowhenthenameofDaemonisgiventoapartof
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theMindleadingus,wemaysaywithAristo|tle,thattwoDaemonsarebornandlivewithus,viz.Reason,andthe
sensualAppetite:andhethatisledbyrightReason,isledbyagoodDaemon,andhethatisledbyAnger,or
Con|cupiscenceiscarryedawaybyanevilDaemonbutthedoubtisconcerningaDaemonproperlytaken,whetherit
beaDaemonbyitsNature,oraforeginDaemon:theformerofwhichmaybeaptlyenoughdefin'dtobe,AnAnimal
havingareason,andunderstandingsuperiortoMan,usingasubtlebody,andmediatingbetwixtGodandManthe
latteristheSoulofaMan,depar|tedthisLife,beingfreedfromthegrossBody,andusingasubtlevehicle.Andinthis
SenseAristotledidnotthinktherewereDaemonsnotDaemonsbyNature,First,becauseasheprofesttoexplainall
particulardegreesofthings,tosetforthacompleatPhilosophy,henowherespeaksofDaemons.Secondly,inhisthird
BookoftheSoul,heplainlyrejectsthem,*settingforth,thatnoAnimalcanconsisteitherofAir,orFire,oranyother
simpleBo|dythoughhemakesparticularmentionofAirandFire,becausetheAcademicksthoughttheBodiesof
Daemonstobeaiery,andinsomesortfiery.ButtopassbymanyotherPassagesofAristotleagainstDaemons,hethinks
thisamostfirmReason,ThatthereisnothingintheUniverseinvain,speakingoftheDegreesandSpeciesofthings
whereasiftherewereDaemons,theywouldbeofnouse,accordingtoAristotle,whichhenceappears,becauseallthose
thingswhicharecommonlyjudg'dWorksofDaemons,areascrib'dbyhimtoo|therCauses,neveranytoDaemons:For
thosethingswhichexcitedtheancientPhilosophers
Page43

toexcogitateDaemons,werechieflyDivinati|onsbyDreams,whichAristotleascrib'dtoNa|turethevariouskindsof
FuriesorRaptures,whichheattributestoavarioustemperamentofMelancholytheAnswersofOracles,whichhe
referstothepropertyofcertainSteamspro|ceedingfromtheCavitiesoftheEarththesayingofaVersebyanignorant
Person,whichAristotlelikewisereferstoMelancholy:SincethereforePhilosophersarerais'dbyWorkstothesearchof
Causes,andAristotleascrib'dallthoseWorkstootherCauses,andnottoDaemons,wegather,hethoughttherewere
none.AndsoastoForeignDaemons,ortheSoulsofMenseparatedfromtheBody,Aristotleheldtherewerenone:For
inhisSe|condBookoftheSoul,hesays,*thereisnoSoulwithouttheBody:AndintheSeventhofhisMetaphysicks,
hesays,thereisnoManwithoutFleshandBones:AndinhisSecondBookoftheGenerationofAnimals,hesays,*
thereisnoInstrumentwithoutaFaculty,noranorganicalFacultywithoutanInstrument:Now,theSoulofManis
organical,&c.
Caesalpinus,afterhavingquotedPlato,*in|troducingSocrates,concludingagainsthisCa|lumniators,whocharg'dhim
ofadmittingnoGods,thathethatgrantsthereareDaemonicalWorks,ofnecessityadmitsDaemons,whichareeither
Gods,orSonsofGods,inhisSe|venthChapterhewritesthus:Wemayga|therinAristotle,thatthereareDaemons,by
thatArgumentbywhichSocratesgather'dtherewere.HethatassertsthereareDaemo|nicalWorks,iscompel'dof
necessitytocon|fess,thereareDaemons.Aristotleasserts,thereareDaemonicalWorks,viz.DreamsandNature
Page44
thereforeofNecessityhemustconfessthereareDaemons,whencetheyaresodenominated.AndthePhilosopher
seemstohaveunder|stoodthatmiddleNaturebetwixtGodandMortalthings,mention'dbeforebyus,tobeaDaemon
forwhenhehaddeny'dDreamstobesentbyGod,(assomethoughttheywere)becausetheyhappennotonlytothe
wisestofMen,butindifferentlytoIdiots,andsomeotherAnimalsyethesaysDreamsareDae|monical,because
NatureisDaemonical,notDi|vinetho'thereforesomewhatDivinebecon|tain'dinNature,yetitdoesnotmeritthe
NameofDivine,butDaemonical,becauseitfollowstheWisdomofanIntelligence,whenceit'srendredadmirable,
evenintheleastthings,andDreamsareDaemonical,byreasonofthewonderfulforceoftheImagination.
Now,thesetwoAuthorsconsider'd,Ithinkitmaybeagreed,thatAristotledidnotadmitaDaemonproperlytaken,as
PiccolominihassetforthbutheadmittedtheFactscommonlyascrib'dtoDaemons,whichheaccountedforfromother
CausesaswefindbywhatisquotedfromCharpentarius,byNaudaeus,accor|dingtowhich(asNaudaeussays)
Caesalpinus'ssolereasonforestablishingofDaemons,accor|dingtoAristotle'sDoctrine,maybesolv'd.Yethowever,
sinceAristotleadmitstheFactscommonlyascrib'dtoDaemons,Iseenotwhyhemaynotproperlyenoughbesaidto
havehadaGenius,tho'itmaybeexplain'dbyanIntellectusAgens,comingfromwithout,orbyanorderlyinfluxfrom
theIntelligencesthatmovetheHeav'ns,hehavingamindtosetupforhimself,byanhypothesisofhisown,con|traryto
thatofPlatoreceiv'dbefore,and
Page45

whichismoreconsonanttoChristianity.NorcanIthinkAristotle'ssoplausibleforsolvingPhaenomena,tho'itmay
moregratifytheHumourofsomePersons.InreferencetoAristotle'sGenius,ImayaddwhatRhodigi|nuswrites,viz.
That,amongtheAncients,*PlatohadtheSymbolofDivinegivenhim,andAristotleofDaemonicalthereasonwhy
Aristotlewassostil'd,seemstobe,thathechieflytreatedofnaturalthings,theconside|rationofwhichlies,inamanner,
inthesub|lunaryWorld,wheretheythoughtDaemonshadtheirabode:ButPlatoraisinghimselfhigher,beingaddicted
totheContemplationofIntelligibleBeings,gothimamoreemi|nentguideofLife,anddespisingthosethingswhich
othersadmir'd,eventoaMadness,hestrovewithallhisforcetobringthatwhichisDivineinus,tothatDivineBeing
whichonlyistrulyso,whencehegothisnameofDivine.
Naudaeus,afterhehasrejectedtheGeniusofAristotle,proceedstotheothersbutfirsttellsus,Thatwhatallthe
PlatonickshavesetforthconcerningDaemonsandMagick,canneitherbeprov'dbyReasonnorExperienceandasfor
theReasontheydrawfrommanyEffects,whichtheysaymustnecessarilybereferr'dtotheseCauses,beforeheobliges
himselftoreceiveit,hefirstwishestheywouldwellsa|tisfyPomponatius,Cardan,andBernardusMiran|dulanus,who
shew,pertinentlyenough,thatitsbettertohaverecoursetotheProofsofourReligion,tobelieveAngelsandDaemons,
thantothatheapofExperiences,ofwhicharea|sonmayberendredbythePrinciplesofNa|turalPhilosophy.After
whichhesays,We
Page46
oughtnolongertomakedoubt,butallthatissaidoftheGeniiofPlotinus,Porphyrius,andJamblicus,oughttobe
referr'dtowhathehassaidbeforeconcerningtheDaemonofSocrates.
TothisIreply,thatevensettingbytheProofsofourReligionforAngelsandDaemons,Iseenotbutasforsolvingthe
Experienceshespeaksof,bynaturalPrinciples,Aristotle'sHypothesisofIntelligencesmovingtheHeavens,is
altogetherasprecarious,andlesssatisfactorythantheother,us'dbyothersoftheGentiles:Andasforhisreferringwhat
issaidoftheGeniiofthethreePhilosophersbeforementi|on'd,towhathehassaidoftheGeniusofSo|crates,IthinkI
haveshewnabove,thathehasnotvalidlyrefutedhisDaemon.
AstotheGeniusofPlotinusPorphyriushisScholar,whohaswrithisLife,whichisprefix'dtoPlotinus'sWorks,set
forthwithCommentaries,byFicinus,saysthusinit:
AnEgyptianPriestcomingtoRome,andbe|ingsoonmadeknown,byaFriendofhis,toPlotinus,andhavingadesireto
shewaSpecimenofhisWisdomatRome,perswa|dedPlotinustogoalongwithhim,andhewouldpresentlyshewhimhis
Daemon,orFamiliarSpirit,whomPlotinusreadilyobey'd.TheInvocationoftheDaemonwasmadeintheTempleofIsis
forPlotinussaid,thiswasthesoleplaceinRome,whichtheEgyptiansoundpure:ButwhentheDaemonwascall'dto
presenthimselftohisview,insteadofaDaemon,aGodappear'd,whichwasnotoftheSpeciesofDaemonstheEgyptian

thereuponthuspresentlycry'dout,Youarehappy,OPlotinus!whohaveaGodforyourDaemon,andhavenotlightona
Guide
Page47
ofanInferiorkind.
PlotinusthereforehavingaFamiliaroftheOrderofDivineDaemons,itwaswithreasonthathealwayssublimelyrais'dthe
DivineEyeofhisMindtothatandforthisreasonheafterwardscompos'daBookcon|cerningeachMan'sparticularDaemon,
whereheendeavoursdiligentlytoassigntheCausesofthedifferenceofFamiliarSpirits.Porphy|rius,toshewtheDivineSpirit
ofhisMaster,Plotinus,addsbeneath:
Ihadoncethoughtsofkillingmyself,whichPlotinuswonder|fullyperceiv'dandasIwaswalkingintheHouse,he
presentlycametome,andsaid,Whatyoumeditate,OPorphyrius!isnotlikethatofasoundMindbutrather,ofaMind
grownmadwithMelancholyandthere|forehecommandedmetodepartfromRome.
ThosethatwouldreadPlotinus'sTractconcerningeachMan'sFamiliarSpirit,mayfinditinhisWorks.
NaudaeusproceedsnexttotheGeniiofChicus,Scaliger,andCardan.AsforChicus,helooksuponhim,bywhathe
haswrit,asaSuper|stitiousPerson,whoaffirm'd,heoftenmadeuseofRevelationsfromaSpiritcall'dFloon,whichhe
saidwasoftheOrderoftheCheru|bims.ButNaudaeusrejectsthis,withotherfabulousRelationsofotherPersons,
sayingwithLucretius:
Quisdubitatquinomnesithocrationisaegestas.
ashortwayofrefuting.
ConcerningtheGeniiofScaligerandCardan,Naudaeuswritesasfollows.Ifitwereper|mittedme,anditbecameme
tofollowrathermywill,thanmyduty,Ishouldfreelyex|cuse
Page48
myselffromsayinganythingagainsttheGenii,whichthetwosolegreatPersons,whomwemayopposetothetwo
mostlearn|ed,andfamousamongtheAncients,haveat|tributedtothemselves,andwhohavebeen,asitwere,thelast
effort,andmiracleofNa|ture,ScaligerandCardan:forIcertainlybe|lieve,eithertheydeceivedthemselves,in
ad|mittingtheseGenii,because,afterhavingwellexaminedthemselves,theycouldnotfindinthemthecauseofsuch,
andsoextra|ordinaryPerfectionorthattheydiditthro'modesty,nottodiscoverbytheirLearning,howmuchallthe

restofMankindwereinfe|riortothemor,finally,thattheywouldco|verfromenvy,underthisparticularassist|ance,
andfreefromthejealousyofMen,thatgreatrenowntheyhadacquir'dtothem|selves,bytheirstudiousdiligenceand
labours.However,astruthissoonerfoundoutwhenmanyPersonsemploythemselvesinthesearchofit,theopinionof
thoseisnottobere|jected,who,sayScaliger,practisedthisstrata|gem,inimitationofallgreatPersons,andnottoyield
inAmbitiontohisAntagonist,attributingtohimselfforaGenius,*inhisArtofPoetry,ameersallyoremotionof
MindbywhichtheSoulisheated,asitwere,initself,toraiseittotheknowledgeofsomewhat,duringwhich,aMan
mayatanytimesayandwritemanythings,whichheunderstandsnotaftertheheatofthisenthusiasmisover.Andas
forCardan,hespeakssovariouslyofhisGenius,thatafterhavingsaidabsolutelyinhisDialogueentitl'dTelion,thathe
hadone,whichwasVenereal,mixtwithSaturnandMercuryandinhisBook,Delibrispropriis,
Page49
thathecommunicatedhimselftohimbyhisDreams,hedoubtsatthesameplacewhe|therhehadreallyone,orwhether
itweretheexcellencyofhisNature,Iperceived(saidhe)whetheritwerefromtheGeniussetoverme,orthatmy
Natureisplacedintheextremityofanhumanstate,andintheconfinesoftheImmortals,&c.Andfinallyconcludesin
hisBook,DeRerumVarietate,thathehadnone,franklysaying,ItrulyknownotthatanyDaemon,orGeniusattends
me.Whencewemaysurelyjudge,thatheandScaligerhadnootherGenius,butthegreatLearningtheyhadacquired,
bytheirdiligenceandlabours,andtheexperiencetheyhadofthingsonwhichcomingtoraisetheirjudgmentsason
twoPyramids,theyjudg'dpertinentlyofallmat|ters,andletnothingescapefrombeingknown,andmanifesttothem.
WehereseewhatconjecturesNaudaeushasmadeconcerningtheGeniioftheseMen,whichareaseasilyrejectedas
theyareground|leslysuggestedbyhim.Andtho'Cardansays,inhisBookDeRerumVarietate,*heknewnoGenius
attendedhimweknowthatBookwaswritmanyYearsbeforehewrithisLife,whichwasbutalittlebeforehisDeath,
andonwhichIthinkwehavemostreasontorelywhereheplainlysays,hehadaGeniustho'notwelldiscoveredby
himtillhislatterYears.AndthisBookwritbyCardan,ofhisownLife,wassetforthbyNaudaeushimself,which
makesitseemsomewhatstrangethatheshoulddenyhehadanyGenius.But,fortheRea|derssatisfaction,Ishallhere
setdownwhatthesetwogreatMensaythemselvesoftheir
Page50
Genii,andshallleaveittohimtojudgeofit,asheshallthinkfit.
TopassbytheGeniusofFaciusCardanus,whichhisSonHieromCardansays,*hisFatherown'dtohaveattendedhim
forThirtyYears,andwherehegivesanaccountofSevenDae|monsmore,whomhesawandconverstwithIheregive
youseveralparticulars,tho'notall,whichHieromCardanhasleftrecordedconcerningaGeniusthatattendedhimself.

InhisBookofhisownLife,setforthbyNaudaeus,*wherehewritesofhisgoodSpirit,hesays,itsreceivedasa
manifesttruth,thatfamiliarSpirits(whichtheGreekscallAngels,)haveforewarnedsomeMen,Socrates,Ploti|nus,
Synesius,Dion,FlaviusJosephus,andevenmyself:AlllivedhappilybesidesSocratesandmyself,whoneverthelses
aminaverygoodcondition:butC.CaesartheDictator,Cicero,Antony,BrutusandCassiushadevil,tho'illustri|ous
Spirits.ThoseofAntonyandCicero,wereGlorious,butbothPerniciousthatofJose|phuswasparticularlyfamous,and
ofarareexcellencyforWarlikeValour,favourwithVespesianandhisSons,Riches,Monu|mentsofHistories,a
threefoldOffspring,andinhiscontestwiththecalamitiesofhisNa|tionalsoinaforesightoffuturethings,wherewith
hewasillustratedinCaptivity,beingfreedfromtheoutrageofhisFriends,andpreservedfromtheWavesoftheSea.
ButtheseweremanifestlyDaemons,tho'mine,asIbelieve,agoodandmercifulSpirit.IwaslongperswadedthatIhad
one,butcouldnotfindhowheshouldcertifymeofimmi|nentevents,tillaftertheSeventyFourthYearofmyAge,
whenIsetuponwriting
Page51
myLifebutthatsomanyimminentthingsshouldbeforeknowntome,andtrulyfore|seen,andthatjustbeforethey
happened,andprecisely,seemstomeagreaterMiracletobedonewithoutaDivineAid,thanwithaSpiritforInstance,
WhenmySpiritsawwhatwasreadytobefallme,viz.thatmySonwastoMarrythenextday,anUnfor|tunateMatch,in
theNighttimeheraisedsuchabeatingofmyHeart,byawaype|culiarlyknowntohim,thattheChamberseem'dto
tremblemySonperceivingthesame,atthesametime,sothatbothofusthoughttherewasanEarthquake,whichno
bodyelseperceived.
HeaddsbeneathTheremaybesomedoubts,whythiscareforme,andnotforothersforIdonotexcelinLearning,as
somethink,buthaplyonthecontrary?IsitanimmenceloveofTruth,andWisdom,withcontemptofRiches,evenin
thisstateofPo|verty?orbyreasonofmydesireofJustice?orthatIascribealltoGod,nothingtomyself?orhaplyfor
someendknowntoGodalone?
Again,whydoeshenotopenlyadmonishme(asIcouldwish)ofthosethings,ofwhichhedoesadmonishme?but
teachesonethingforanother,asbythosedisorderlyNoises(ofwhichhegivesseveralinstances,hap|ningbefore
Deaths,inhis43d.ChapterofthesameBook)formetoassuremyselfthatGodbeholdsallthings,tho'Iseehimnot
withmyEyesforhecouldhaveadmonish'dmeopen|lybyaDream,orsomeclearerwayofmani|festation:buthaply
thisshew'dmoretheDi|vineCare,andthosegreaterthingsthathap|ned
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tome,Fears,Impediments,Anxieties,&c.thereisneedalsoofObscurity,forustounderstandthattheyaretheWorks
ofGod,andoughtnottobeopposeditsfollythere|foretobeoverhastilysollicitousforknowingthesethings.

AttheendofthesameChapter,hewrites,thathavingstucktoasplendorthatattendedhimaboveFortyYears,hehad
allhisartofWritingandpublickTeaching,fromhisSpiritandSplendour,tho'thiskindofSciencehadgothimamong
Men,moreEnvythanRenown,andmoreGlorythanProfit:butitgavehimnosmall,norvulgarPleasure,and
contributedtotheprolongingofhisLife,beingacomforttohiminmanyCa|lamities,anaidinAdversities,anhelpin
DifficultiesandLaboursuponthewhole,hesays,thefactwasplainlyso,hemighterrintheCauses,andrefershimself
tosuchasareWiser,viz.Divines.
InthesameBookhewritesthus,HithertoIhavespokenofmyself*asofaMan,andthatissomewhatbeneathother
Men,inmyNatureandLearning,butnowIshallspeakofsomeadmirableDispositionofmyselfandsomuchthe
morewonderful,thatIfindsome|whatinmyself,whichIknownotwhattomakeoff:Andthatthatthingismyself,
tho'Idonotperceivesuchthingstoproceedfromme:Thatit'spresent,whenitsmeet,andnotwhenIwillhaveit.That
whichrisesthenceisgreaterthanmyAbilitieswhichwasfirstdiscover'dtome,intheYear1526.Sothatit'sabove
FortyfourYearssinceIperceiveathingfromwithoutenterintomyEarwithanoisefromthatpartdirectly,
Page53
wherePeoplearetalkingofme:IfittendstoGoodintherightside,orifitcomesfromtheleft,itpenetratestotheright,
andanor|derlynoiseismade:AndiftheDiscoursebecontentious,IhearawonderfulContentionifitinclinestoEvil
intheleftside,itcomesexactlyfromthepartwherethosetumultuousVoicesare.Thereforeitentersonbothsidesof
myHeadandveryoftenwhenthethingfallsoutill,theVoiceontheleftside,whenitshouldend,growslouder,and
Voicesaremultiply'd,andverycommonly,ifthethingbeinthesameTown,ithappensthattheVoicebeingscarceover,
aMessengercomesintocallmetothemandifitbefromano|therCity,andaMessengercomes,uponcomputingthe
timebetwixttheDeliberation,andthebeginningoftheJourney,theycometothesame,andIfindSentencepastafter
theformitisconcluded,andthiscontinuedwithmetotheYear1568,andIwondreditceas'd.
IntheYear1534.IbegantoseeinDreamswhatthingswouldhappeninashorttime,andifthesameDay,Isawthem
clearly,andafterSunrisingsothatIsawaSentencepastinaCauseoftheCollege,andthatIshouldbeProfessorat
Bononiathisceas'dAn.1567.
ThethirdthingwasaSplendor,thisIen|creas'dbyDegreesitbeganabouttheYear1573or74,butparticularlythis
Year1575.itseemstomeIhaveitperfect,andit'sathingwhichdoesnotleavemebutinsteadofthetwoforegoing
whichareceas'd,itfortifiesmeagainstEmulators,andasnecessityre|quires.Itscompos'dofanArtificalPractice,anda
CircumfluentLight,beingveryPlea|sant,
Page54

andaloneperformsmuchmore,astoEfficacy,Exercitation,Advantage,andSoli|dityofStudies,thanthosetwojoyn'd
toge|theranddoesnottakeaManfromhiscom|monStudies,andhumaneConversation,butmakeshimreadyatall
things,andismostexcellentforcomposingBooks,andseems,asitwere,theutmostreachofourNature,forit
representsallthingstogether,thatmakeforthematterunderConsiderationandifitbenotaDivinething,certainlyit's
themostperfectofMortalWorks.
*

InthesameBookhewritesasfollows:WhileIliv'datPavia,andprofestPhysickthere,lookingcasuallyonmyHand,
IsawattherootofmyringFinger,ofmyrightHand,theformofabloodySword,Iwaspre|sentlystruckwithagreat
fear.IntheEveningaMessengercamewithaLetterfrommySoninLaw,acquaintingmethatmySonwasta|keninto
Custody,andthatIshouldcometoMilanthenextDay,andforfiftythreeDaystheMarkincreas'd,andwentupwards,
andbehold,thelastDayreachttothetopofmyFinger,andlook'dredlikeaflamingSword.I,suspectingnosuchthing,
andbe|ingfrighted,andnotmyself,knewnotwhattodo,say,orthinkatmidnightmySonwasbeheadedinthe
MorningtheSignwasalmostgone,inaDayortwoitwhollyva|nish'd.
InthesameBook,havinggiv'nanaccountofsomestrangeNoises,*andVoiceshehadheard,andofastrangeSmellhe
perceiv'dbeforeDeaths,heconcludesthus.Butcon|cningthsewonderfulthings,it'sthuswithMen,thawhentheyare
present,oralit+tle
Page55
beforetheyhavehapp'ned,theydrawthewholeManaftertheyareawhileover,theyaresolittleheeded,thatunless
theyarebroughtfreshtotheMindbysomeforce,theydoubt,asitwere,whethertheyhaveseenorheardthemwhich,
Isuppose,chieflyhappensbothbyReasonofmuchmoreprofoundCauses,andforthedistanceofourNaturefromthe
Causesthatproducethem.IknowwhatScoffsandLaughter,some,thatwouldseemwise,raiseatsuchthingsthechief
ringLeaderofwhomisPolybius,aPhilosopher,withoutPhilosophy,whounderstoodnoteventheDutyofan
Hi|storian,butbyextendingittoofar,becameridiculous,sometimesadmirable,aswherehespeaksoftheAchaeans.In
short,*Tartaliarightlysaid,thatnoManknowsallthings,andthosenothing,thatdonotknowtheirIgnoranceofmany
things.YouseePliny,whohasdeliver'dsoclearanHistory,shewshimselfaBlockhead,wherehetreatsoftheSunand
StarswhatwonderthereforethatPolybius,(whilehemeddlesofthemoresub|limeandDivinethings)hassoclearly
expos'dhisIgnorance.IreligiouslySwear,thataSenseandConsciousnessofonlyoneofthesethings,ismoredearto
me,thanalonglast|ingReignoverthewholeEarthwouldbe.Andbeneath,butletthissuffice,forIhaveonlyhereset
downinshort,whenthesethingshappen'd,andhow,andsuchinwhichthesecouldbenoSuspiscionofErroror
ImpostureandIonlybegyou,Reader,whenyoureadsuchthings,donotproposehumanePrideforyourScope,but
thegreatnessandampli|tudeoftheWorld,andoftheHeavens,andthevileDarknessinwhichwelive,andyou
Page56

willeasilyUnderstand,Ihaverelatednoin|crediblethings.ThesameAuthor,inhisDialogue,intitl'dTetim,orof
HumaneCoun|sels,wherehemakesTetimandRam,Inter|locutors,makesRamsay,IbelieveCardanhasaGeniusfor
hisCompanion,whichdisco|ver'dhimselflatetohim,beingwontbeforetoadmonishhimbyDreamsandNoisesand
beneath,somanyandsowonderfulthingshavehappen'dtohim,inhisLife,thatIamforc'dtobelieve,beingintimate
withhim,hehasagreat,powerful,andrareGenius,sothatheisnotMasterofhisActionsbutthosethingshedesires,
hehasnot,thethingshehashedidnotcovetorhopefor.
AttheendofhisfourthBookofWisdom,hewritesasfollows,concerningtheGeniiofo|therMen.AllgreatMenseem
tobeledbysomeDivineSpirit,orDaemonSocrates,be|forehisDeath,hadwarningoftheDayinaDream,Dionsaw
aSpectreinhisHouse,whatwasitopen'dCaiusCaesar'sdoortheNightbe|forehewasslain?Whatwasitsaidto
Brutus,ashewasalone,IamthyEvilGenius,thoushaltseemeagainatPhilippi?WhatwasthataugustFigureseenby
CassiusinhisTent,thatwasliketoCaesar?WhatforetoldSyllainhisDream,ofhisimminentDeath?Orwhatwasit
heheardsoPleasantinaclearSky?WhatfromaMausolaeumcall'dNerobeforehisDeath?Whatadmonish'dCaligula
ofhisDeathinaDream?WhydidAntonyhearthedepartureofBacchusfromAlexandria,theNightbeforehisDeath?
WhatmixtasleepingPotionforAdrianinaDreambeforehisDeath?Certainly,theDaemonthatwasinthemfor
HumaneNature,whenhighlyexal|ted,
Page57
risestotheforceofaDaemon.Thesefore|sawtheirDeaths,butcouldnotpreventtheviolenceofit.Neitherarethese
theonlyPer|sons,whohavingthisWisdomhavehadvio|lentends:ForPaul,who,aidedbytheDivineSpirit,couldsee
theSecretsofGod,andSte|phentheHeavensopen,andPhilip,whowascarry'dinvisiblethroughtheDesart,diedallby
theHandsofothers.ButthereisthisgreatdifferencebetwixttheseSpirits,thattheDi|vineisjoyn'dwithJusticeand
Piety,andtheotherVertues,andhastranquilityandrestalwaysattendingittheDaemonicalisrais'dbyMurthers,
Robberies,andFalsedealingsandisalwaysaccompanyedwithsuspisciousandmanifoldDisquiets.WhobutaPerson
oftroubledSenses,andadiscompos'dMindwouldchusetoembracetheDaemonical?ButasinsickPersons,the
vitiatedtasteabhorsSweetandFatthings,andismoredelightedwithsuchasaresharpandinsipidsotheNatureof
MortalsbeingcorruptedwithVice,abhorsthebest,andadherestotheworstandthisisdonechieflybythelikenessof
thesetwokinds,which,howgreatitismayeasilybeunderstoodbythis,thatSimonandElimas,theMagicians,were
accountedDivineMen,andChrist,whowasGod,wasthoughtbymanytohaveaDevil.AndsomuchforCardan.
Scaliger,*speakingoftheGeniusascrib'dbyVirgiltoAnea,viz.Achates,socalledfrom[gap:innonLatin
alphabet]writesthusoftheGeniithatattendMen.WereadintheBooksofthePythagoreans,enrichtbythe
Platonicks,thatwehavetwoGeniiat|tendingusaGoodandaBadbytheguidanceandcounselsoftheGood,Good
andElectPersonsjoynthemselvestoGod,fromwhom
Page58

theyhavereceivedhimasaMediator.TosomeHeroes,heshewshimself,byothersheisneverseenbutisheard,which
Socratespro|fessesofhis,inmorethanoneplaceinPlato,bysomeDivineSpiritsheisneitherseen,norheard,butso
introducesandpresentshim|self,thatbyhislighthediscoversanintelli|genceofsecretthings,forMentowrite:
whereforeitoftenhappens,thatwhenthatCelestialHeatisoverinus,weourselveseitheradmirethoseourWritings,
ordonotownthemforours,anddonotunderstandsomethingsafterthewaytheyweredirectedanddictatedbyhim
nordoIthinkithapnedotherwisetoPlato,towhoseWritingsalightisaddedbyInterpreters,muchgreaterthanmay
proceedfromvulgarjudgments.Asformyself,whothinkIamnottobecomparedevenwiththeleast,ifanythingfalls
frommeatanytimeunawares,Imaynothopesomuchmaybeperformedbymeafterwards,whichisthereasonI
neversetuponmedita|ting,orwriting,unlessinvitedbymyGenius,whospeaksinwardlywithme,tho'notheard,
shewingthespaciousfieldsoftheDivinityinourMinds,whichbeingabstractedandsus|pendedfromtheofficesofthe
Body,itde|putestootherFunctionssothathedidnotspeakwhollyatrandom,whothought,thatAri|stotle'sIntellectus
Agens,werethesamewithPlato'sGeniuswehaveinstancesofbothinHistory,foranEviloneappear'dtoBrutus,and
fore|toldhimanunhappyendAGoodonetoCaesar,whenhepastRubicon,shewinghimthewaytothat,inwhichhe
plac'dhischiefbliss,&c.
Page59
Heinsiussays,inamanner,*thesamethingofhimselfwithScaliger,writingthusHerearesomethingstowhich,being
myself,Iamnotabletoaspire,whichaftertheheathasleftmyMind,IconsiderasaReaderofanotherMan's
Works.*ScaligeralsoelsewherecallshisGenius,mostLearned,whosedesireisvastandimmence:AndHeinsiussays,*
uninitiatedPersonsdonotunderstandthesethings.
Scaligeralso,onAristotleDePlantis,*writesthusJamblicus,inhisMysteries,says,hethatbeinginspir'd,receivesthe
Deity,hasasortofappearanceofFirebeforeitsingress,andit'sseentheGodeithercoming,ordepartingtherefore
thoseSpiritsthatapplythemselvestoourMindwithDarkness,bringusfrivo|lous,waveringanddoubtfulthings:AndI
knowaPersontowhoseEyesaFirepre|sentsitselfoften,eithermeditating,orex|pectingMessengers.
ThisiswhatScaligerandCardanhavesaidconcerningtheirownGenii,andthoseofothersfromwhichthejudicious
Readermayeasilydiscerntheirsenseconcerningthem.
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CHAP.III.WhatperceptionMenhavehadofGe|nii,orSpirits,andtheiroperationsbytheSight.

ASIcomenowtogiveanaccountoftheperceptionMenhavehadofGenii,orSpirits,andtheiroperations,bytheir
par|ticularsensesIshallbeginwiththemostspiritualizedsense,viz.theSight,andsetforthwhatperceptionMenhave
hadofthembythatandwhereasinmyaccount,ac|cordingtotheseveralsenses,itmaysome|timeshappen,thatmore

thanonesensemaybeconcernedatoneandthesametime,inaperceptionofthem,IshallentitletheChap|ters,
accordingtothepredominantsenseinthatAction.AndwhereasitoftenhappensthatsomeparticularPersonshavea
percep|tionofSpirits,bothbytheSightandHear|ing,whenotherPersonspresentperceiveno|thing,Ishalltreatofthese
Personsinpar|ticularChapters.
TobeginthereforewithinstancesofPer|sonsperceivingSpiritsbytheSightCampanellatellsus,*thereareAngel
GuardiansforeachSpecies,andindividualPerson,asSt.Hi|eromwrites,andhimselfhasfoundbyexpe|rience,which
hedidnotunderstandbe+fore.
Page61
Inthesamework,*hetellsusofaFriendofhis,whowasnoignorant,nortimerousPerson,norgiventospeakuntruths,
whoas|suredhimhehadoftenseenandconversedwithEvilDaemonsandhesays,hemetwithmanyothers
afterwards,whohadbeenincredulousinthiskind,butupontheirseeingandcon|versingwithSpirits,chang'dtheir
Opinions,andtheirLives.
Elsewherehewritesthus,*PorphyriusandPlotinussaythereareAngelsGoodandBad,asdailyexperienceteachesand
myselfalsohavefoundbymanifestexperience,notwhenIgreatlyendeavouredit,butwhenIwasmindinganother
thingandthereforeit'snowonderiftheydidnotappeartocuriousNero.
InhisAtheismusTriumphatus,*healsotellsusofaFriendofhisthathadasensibleexperienceofSpirits,whoseVoice
heusedtohearbe|twixtsleepingandwaking,andespeciallywhenanyevilwastohappentohim.
FatherLeBrunPrintedaBooktwoYearsParis,inFrench,whichhasforTitle,Critiquedespratiquessuperstitieuses,
&c.inthSecondpartofthisBook,Chap.7.hewritesconcerningTrithemius,asfollows:TheAbbotTritmius,afteran
ardentdesireofknowunknowntoallMankind,learnedsuchawereAstonishingbyaReve|lation,whichhasnoway
thecharacterofbeingDivine.Iexaminenotwhetherallhesaidhehadlearnt,benaturalIknowsomePersonspretend
itbutit'splainitwaswith|outmakingaduereflection.Howeveritmaybe,Ishallonlyspeakofthemannerafterwhich
TrithemiuslearnttheseSecrets:HeWrit
Page62
itconfidentlytoaCarmeliteFather,aFriendofhis,call'dBorstius,whodiedatGhent,be|foretheLettercametohim:It
wasopen'dandcommunicatedtomanyPersons,andTri|themiusdidnotdisownit.Ihaveinhand,sayshe,inhisLetter,
agreatWorkwhichwillamusethewholeWorld,ifeveritseestheLightit'sdividedintoFourBooks,andtheFirsthas
forTitleofit,SteganographytheWorkthroughoutisfullofgreatandasto|nishingthings,whichManhasneverheard

of,andwillseemincredible.Ifyouaskme,howIlearntthesethings?It'snotbyMan,butbytheRevelationofIknow
notwhatSpiritforthinking,onaday,thisYear1499.ifIcouldnotdiscoversecretsunknowntoMenafterhavinga
longwhileponder'donthoseIhavementioned,andbeingatlengthperswadedthatwhatIsoughtforwasnotpossible,I
wenttoBed,beingsomewhatasha|medforhavingcarriedmyFollysofar,astoattemptanImpossiblething.Inthe
Night|timesomeonepresentedhimselftome,andcallingmebymyname,Trithemius,saidhe,donotbelieveyouhave
hadallthesethoughtsinvain,tho'thethingsyousearcharenotpossibletoyou,nortoanyotherMan,theywillbecome
so.Teachmethen,Ireply'd,whatImustdotosucceed.ThenhelaidopenthewholeMystery,andshew'dmethat
nothingwasmoreeasy.GodismyWitness,thatIspeaktheTruth,andthatIhavetaughttheseSecretsbuttoaPrince,
whobyanevi|dentproofhasbeenconvincedofthepossi|billityofit.ItImportsthatnonebutPrin|cesshouldknow
thesesortsofSecrets,least
Page63
Traitors,Impostors,orotherIllMenmakeuseofthemfordoingmanyMischiefs.
BoissardusL.deMagia,Geniis&Angelis,*mentionsthisLetterofTrithemius,andsayshethereadds,thathecould
teachallthethingshehadoftheSpirit,inalltheLangua|gesoftheWorldandthatheclearshimselfoftheCrimeof
Magick,andanycommercewithEvilSpirits,byaSacredOathandEx|ecration.*NaudaeuswritesthatTrithemius
in|deedlayunderasuspicionofMagick,ontheaccountofthatLetter,andendeavourstoclearhimofit,butIleaveitto
theReaders,toconsiderwhatTrithemius'sWordsimport,astoaconversationwithsomeSpirit,beheGoodorBad.
ThesameBoissarduswrites,*thatanIllustri|ousGermanCount,whomheknew,profest,hehadaFamiliarSpirit,
whomheaffirm'dtobeoftheCelestialOrder,whoseCounselheusedinallthingsheundertook,athomeandabroad.
PhilipMelancthontellsus,*thathehadseenSpectres,andthatheknewmanyMenworthyofcredit,whoaffirm'dthey
hadnotonlyseenSpectres,buthadlikewisediscoursedwiththem.SoMaximusTyriussays,hesawAescu|lapius,butit
wasinaSlumber,*butHerculeshesaw,ashewasWaking.
TherewasaPamphletPrintedinLondon,Anno1645.inQuarto,Entitled,ATrueandexactRelationoftheseveral
Informations,Exa|minationsandConfessionsofthelateWitchesAr|raignedandExecutedintheCountyofEssex.
WhowereArraignedandCondemnedatthelateSessionsheldatChelmsford,beforetheRightHonourableRobertEarl
ofWarwick,
Page64

andseveralofhisMajesty'sJusticesofthePeace.Julythe29th.1645.
BeforethisSessionsseveralInformationsconcerningWitches,andtheirPractises,weretakenbeforeSirHarbottel
Grimston,andSirThomasBowes,HisMajesty'sJusticesofPeaceforthesaidCounty.SomeofwhichInformationsare
asfollows.
I.TheInformationofMatthewHopkinsofManningtree,Gent.TakenuponOathbe|foreus,the25th.ofMarch,1645.
ThisInformantsaith,thatthesaidElizabethClarke,alias,Beddingfield(suspectedforaWitchasaforesaid,andwhose
MotherandsomeothersofherKinsfolk,didsufferDeathforWitchcraftandMurther)beingbyappointmentofthesaid
Justices,watchtseveralNights,forthebetterdiscoveryofherwickedPractises:ThisIn|formantcameintotheRoom,
wherethesaidElizabethwaswatcht,asaforesaid,thelastNight,beingthe24th.ofthisInstantMarc,butintendednot
tohavestay'dlongthere,butthesaidElizabethforthwithtoldthisIn|formant,andoneMr.Sterne,therepresent,ifthey
wouldstay,anddothesaidElizabethnohurt,shewouldcalloneofherwhiteImp,andplaywithitinherLapbutthis
Infor|manttoldhertheywouldnotallowofitbutthatstayingthereawhilelonger,withinaquarterofanHourafter,
thereappearedanImpliketoaDog,whichwasWhitewithsomeSandySpots,andseem'dtobeveryFat,andPlump,
withveryshortLegs,andforthwithVanishtaway:andthesaidEliz|bethsaidthenameofthatImp,wasJarmra
Page65
andimmediatelythereappearedanotherImp,whichshecalledVinegarTom,intheshapeofaGreyhound,withlong
LegsandthesaidElizabeththensaid,thatthenextImpshouldbeablackImp,andshouldcomeforthesaidMr.Sterne,
whichappeared,butpre|sentlyVanishtandthelastthatappearedwasintheshapeofaPolecat,buttheHead
somewhatbiggerandthesaidElizabeththentoldthisInformant,thatshehadfiveImpsofherown,andtwoofthe
ImpsoftheOldBed|lamWest,(meaningoneAnnWest,WidowwhoisnowalsosuspectedtobeguiltyofWitchcraft)
andsaidsometimestheImpsoftheOldBedlamSuck'donthesaidElizabeth,andsometimesherImpsSuck'donthe
OldBeldamWestandthesaidElizabethfarthertoldthisInformant,thatSatanwouldneverletherbeatrest,orquiet,
tillshedidcon|senttotheKillingoftheHogsofoneMr.Ed|wardsofMannintree,andtheHorseofoneRobertTaylor,
ofthesameTown.
II.TheInformationofJohnSterne,Gent.TakenuponOathbeforeus,the25th.DayofMarch,1645.
ThisInformantsaith,thatWatchingwithElizabethClarke(suspectedforWitchcraf,asaforesaid)shedesiredthis
Informant,andtherestthatwereintheRoomwithher,tositdown,andsaidshewouldshewthisInfor|mantandtherest
someofherImpsandwithinhalfanHour,thereappear'dawhitethinginthelikenessofaCat,butnotalto|getherso
big,andbeingask'difshewouldnotbeafraidofherImps?sheanswer'd,

Page66
whatdoyouthinkIamafraidofmyChil|dren?andthatshecall'dthenameofthatwhiteImpHoult.AndthisInformant
farthersaith,thatpresentlyafterthereappear'dano|therwhiteImpwithRedSpots,asbigasasmallDog,whichshe
thencalledJarmaraandthatimmediatelyafterthereappear'dattheThresholdoftheDooranotherImp,a|boutthe
bignessofthefirst,butdidpresent|lyVanishaway:andthenthesaidElizabethbeingask'difanymoreImpswould
come?sheanswer'dthatVinegarTomwouldcomebyandby,andforthwiththereappear'danotherinthelikenessofa
DumbDog,somewhatbiggerthananyoftheformerandthesaidElizabethalsotoldthisInformant,thatshehadthree
ImpsfromherMother,whichwereofaBrownColour,andtwofromtheOldBeldamWestandthattherehadfiveImps
appear'dbutshehadonemorecall'dSackandSugar,whichhadbeenhardatWork,anditwouldbelongbeforeit
came,butitshouldTearthisInformant.
III.TheInformationofFrancesMills,GraceNorman,MaryPhillips,andMaryPar|sley:TakenuponOath,beforethe
saidJustices,the25th.DayofMarch,1645.
TheseInformantssayjoyntly,thatwatch|ingwiththesaidElizabethClarke,suspectedasaforesaid,aboutTwelveofthe
ClocklastNight,thesaidElizabethsmack'dwithherMouth,andbeckon'dwithherHand,andInstantlythereappear'da
whitething,aboutthebignessofaCatandthattheseInfor|mants
Page67
sawfiveImpsmore,whichthesaidElizabethnamed,asabovesaid,&c.
IV.TheInformationofEdwardParslyofMannintreeTakenuponOathbeforethesaidJustices,the25th.ofMarch,
1645.
ThisInformantsaith,thatwatchingwiththesaidElizabethClarkethelastNight,heask'dherifheshouldcontinuestill
intheRoomwithher:andthesaidElizabethdesi|redheshould,ifhewouldFightforherwiththeDevilsforthey
wouldcomethisNight,andthatwhichshecall'dHoultwouldcomefirst,andthenthatwhichshecall'dJarmarawhich
didappearinthelikenessofawhiteDog,withredSpotsandpre|sentlyafterthereappear'dthatImpwhichshecall'd
VinegarTomandthenthatwhichshecall'dSackandSugar:andthesaidElizabeththentoldthisInformant,thatthe
Devilhadhadpos|sessionofherSixorSevenYears,andthathehadoftentimesknock'datherDoorintheNighttime,
andthatshedidrise,opentheDoor,andlethimin,andthathewenttoBedtoherthreeorfourtimesaWeek,andhad
theCarnalknowledgeofher,asaMan.
V.TheInformationofJohnBanksofMannin|tree,TakenuponOathbeforethesaidJusti|ces,the25th.ofMarch,1645.

ThisInformantsaith,thatwatchingwiththesaidElizabethClarke,hedidInformandConfirmalltheparticulars
exprest,andsetdownintheInformationofthesaidMr.Sterne.
Page68
TotheFiveInformationsbeforesetdown,IshalladdtheExaminationofAnnLeechofMisley,intheCountyaforesaid,
Widow,takenbeforethesaidJustices,Aprilthe14th.1645.asfollows.
ThisExaminantsaith,ThatshehadaGreyImpsenther,andthatshe,togetherwithEli|zabethClarke,andElizabeth
Gooding,didaboutaYearsince,fendtheirImpstokillaBlackCow,andaWhiteCowbelongingtoMr.Ed|wards,
whichwasdoneaccordinglyandsays,ThatshesentherGreyImp,ElizabethClarkeaBlackImp,andElizabeth
GoodingaWhiteImpandthatabout30YearssinceshesentaGreyImptokilltwoHorses,ofoneMr.Bragg,of
Misley,whichwerekill'daccordingly.Thatshe,andthesaidElizabethGooding,senteitherofthemanImp,todestroy
theChildofthesaidMr.EdwardsthisExaminantsImpbeingaWhiteone,andElizabethGooding'saBlackImpand
thataboutthirtyYearssincethisExami|nanthadthesaidWhiteImp,andtwoothers,aGreyandaBlackImp,ofone
Anne,theWifeofRobertPierce,ofStoake,inSuffolk,be|ingherBrotherandthattheseImpswentcommonlyfromone
toanother,anddidmis|chiefwhereevertheywent.AndthatwhenthisExaminantdidnotemploythemabroadtodo
mischief,shehadnotherHealthbutwhentheywereemploy'd,shewashealthfulandwellandtheseImpsdidusually
suckthoseTeats,whichwerefoundabouttheprivyPartsofherBodyandthatthoseImpsdidoftenspeaktothis
Examinant,andthatinanHollowVoice,whichsheplainlyunderstood,&c.she
Page69
wasexecutedatChelmsford,asalsoElizabethClarkebeforemention'd.
Now,astothefiveInformationsbeforesetdown(inwhichEightPersonsarecon|cern'd)allgiveninuponOath,that
theysawsuchImps,astheymention,IcannotwellconceivewhatanopposerofanyrealApparitionsofSpiritscansay
forhereIdonottellyouofafflictedPersons,whopre|tendedtoseeSpectres,whichwereseenbynonebutthemselves,
norofanOlddistractedWo|man,whofanciesshehasandseesSpirits,at|tendingher,whenthereisnosuchthing:Nor
doIgiveyoutheTestimoniesofCrafty,MelancholyWenches,orOldWomen,assomesuchtheremayhavebeenbut
herearetheTestimoniesofEightunexceptionablePersons,asIconceive,concurringinonething:Andifthisbenota
fairProof,Iknownotwhatisso.
AstotheExaminationofAnneLeech,con|cerningherImps,thoughtheFactstandsbutuponherTestimony,yetin
regarditrelatestosomewhatthatIshallwriteelsewhereinthisBook,Ithoughtfittoinsertit.AndIhereforbearto
inserttheSpiritsraisedbyMrs.Bodman,whowasexecutedatSalisbury,forwhichFacttherewasalsobutone
Testimony.

Sometimesince,IdrewtheAccountbeforesetdownfromtheforemention'dPamphlet,printedAnno1645.Icasually
metwithaPamphletpublish'dinLondon,Anno1648.byMr.StearneabovementionedtheTitleofitis,A
ConfirmationanddiscoveryofWitch|craft,&c.byJohnStearne,nowofLawsHall,nearBurySt.Edmonds,inSuffolk,
sometimesofManningtreeinEssex.
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InthisPamphlet,amongotherthings,hegivesanAccountoftheFactsabovementi|tion'd,asfollows.
Mr.Hopkin,andmyselfwenttogethertoElizabethClarke,ofManningtreeinEssexwhohadbeenkeptthreeDays,
andthreeNightsunderaguard,andwhenIhadask'dher,whoshehadaccus'dasWitches,weweregoinga|waybut
shesaidtous,ifyouwillstay,IwillshewyoumyImps,fortheyarereadytocomethensaidMr.Hopkin,Besse!Will
youdousnoharm?Nosaidshe,What?DoyouthinkIamafraidofmyChildren?Youshallsitdownsowedid,where
sheappointedusthenoneoftheCompany,whowasappoin|tedtobewithherthatNight,saidtoher,Besse,Iask'dyou
aQuestionoflate,butyouanswer'dnotthenshesaid,Whatisit?Hereply'd,telltheTruth,hasnottheDevilhadthe
useofyourBody?Shesaid,WhyshouldyouaskmesuchaQuestion?Heanswer'd,IdesiretoknowtheTruth,andno
otherwisethenshefetch'dadeepSigh,andsaid,itistruethensaidMr.Hopkin,inwhatmannerandlikenesscamehe
toyou?Shesaid,likeaTall,Proper,Blackhair'dGentleman,aPropererManthanyourselfandbeingask'd,whichshe
hadratherliewithal,shesaidtheDevilandsoparticulariz'deverything,andhowhecamein,andhisHabit,andhow
helaywithher,andspaketoher,andshethenaffirm'dthistobeTruth,andsopresentlyfellasmackingwithherLips,
andcall'dLought,twoorthreetimes,whichpresentlyappearedtouseight,(forthereweresixwhichwereappointedto
bewithherthatNightbeforewewent)inthelikenessofaCat(forshe
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toldusbeforeinwhatshapestheywouldcome,andsothatpresentlyvanish'd.Thenshecall'dagain,asbefore,
Jarmara!Thenappear'danotherlikeaRed,orSandyspottedDog,withLegsnotsolongasaFinger,toour
perceivance,buthisbackasbroadastwoDogs,orbroaderofthatbigness,andvanish'd:Afterthatshecall'dmore,as
beforebyseveralNames,whichcameinseveralshapes,onelikeaGreyhound,withLegsaslongasaStagsanother
likeaFerritandonelikeaRabbit,andsoinseveralshapestheyappear'dtous,tillthereweresomesevenoreightseen.
Somebysomeofus,andothersbyothersomeofusthenIask'dheriftheywerenotallcome,forthereweremore
comethanshespakeof,sheanswer'd,thattheycamedouble,inseveralshapes,butsaidonewasstilltocome,which
wastotearmeinpieces:Iask'dherwhy?shesaid,becauseIwouldhavehadhertry'dbySwimming,andtoldme,that
nowshewouldbeevenwithmeandsotoldinwhatmanneritshouldcome,blackandlikeaToad,andsoafterwardsit
didcome,astherestaverr'dthatsawit,&c.

ThisAccountwefindsomewhatdiffersfromtheformer,butwhetherenoughtoin|validatetheTestimony,Imustleave
ittotheReadersConsideration.
Mr.Glanvil,inhisCollectionsofRelati|ons,forprovingApparitions,Spirits,andWitches,tellusofanIrishman,that
hadliketohavebeencarry'dawaybySpiritsandoftheGhostofaManwhohadbeensevenYearsdead,thatbroughta
MedicinetohisBedside.TheRelationisthus.
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AGentlemaninIreland,neartotheEarlofOrrery's,sendinghisButleroneAfternoontobuyCardsashepass'da
Field,tohiswonder,heespy'daCompanyofPeoplesittingroundaTable,withadealofgoodCheerbeforetheminthe
midstoftheField:Andhegoinguptowardsthem,theyallaroseandsalutedhim,anddesir'dhimtositdownwith
thembutoneofthemWhisper'dthesewordsinhisEar:DonothingthisCompanyinvitesyouto.Hereuponherefus'd
tositdownattheTable,andimmediatelyTableandallthatbelong'dtoitweregoneandtheCompanyarenowdancing
andplayinguponMusicalInstru|ments.AndtheButlerbeingdesir'dtojoynhimselfwiththem,butherefusingthis
also,theyallfalltoWork,andhenotbeingtobeprevail'dwith,toAccompanytheminwork|inganymorethanin
feasting,ordancing,theyalldisappear'd,andtheButlerisnowalone,butinsteadofgoingforwards,homehereturnsas
fastashecoulddrive,inagreatConsternationandwasnosoonerentredhisMaster'sDoor,butfallsdown,andlay
some|timeSenseless,butcomingagaintohimself,herelatedtohisMasterwhathadpass'd.
TheNightfollowingtherecomesoneofthisCompanytohisBedside,andtellshim,Thatifheofferedtostiroutof
DoorsthenextDay,hewouldbecarryedaway.HereuponhekeptwithinbuttowardstheEvening,havingneedto
makeWater,headventur'dtoputoneFootovertheThreshold,severalstandingby,whichhehadnosoonerdone,but
theyespyedaRopecastabouthisMiddleandthePoorManwashurriedawaywithgreatSwiftness,theyfollowing
himasfastastheycould,but
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couldnotovertakehim,atlengththeyespy'danHorseMan,comingtowardshim,andmadesignstohimtostopthe
Man,whomhesawcomingnearhim,andbothendsoftheRope,butnoBodydrawingwhentheymet,helaidholdon
oneendoftheRope,andimmediatelyhadasmartblowgivenhimoverhisArmwiththeotherendbutbythismeans
theManwasstop'd,andtheHorseManbroughthimbackwithhim.
TheEarlofOrreryhearingofthesestrangePassages,senttotheMastertodesirehimtosendthisMantohisHouse,
whichheaccord|inglydidandtheMorningfollowing,orquicklyafter,hetoldtheEarl,thathisSpectrehadbeenwith
himagain,andassur'dhim,thatthatDayheshouldmostcertainlybecarry'daway,andthatnoendeavoursshouldavail
tothesavingofhimuponthishewaskeptinalargeRoom,withaconsiderablenumberofPersonstoguardhim,

amongwhomwastheFamousStroker,Mr.Greatrix,whowasaNeighbour.TherewerebesideotherPersonsofQuality,
twoBishopsintheHouseatthesametime,whowereconsultedconcerningthemakinguseofaMedicine,theSpectre
orGhostprescrib'd,ofwhichmentionwillbemadeanon,buttheydetermin'dontheNegative.
TillpartoftheAfternoonwerespentallwasquiet,butatlengthhewasperceiv'dtorisefromtheGround,whereupon
Mr.Grea|trix,andanotherlustyManclapttheirArmsoverhisShoulders,oneofthembeforehim,andtheotherbehind,
andweigh'dhimdownwithalltheirstrengthbuthewasforciblytakenupfromthem,andtheyweretooweaktokeep
theirhold,andforaconsiderabletime
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hewascarryedintheAir,toandfroovertheirHeads,severaloftheCompanystillrun|ningunderhim,topreventhis
receivinghurt,ifheshouldfall,atlengthhefellandwascaughtbeforehecametotheGround,andhadbythatmeans
nohurt.
AllbeingquiettillBedtime,myLordor|der'dtwoofhisServantstolyewithhim,andthenextMorninghetoldhis
Lordship,thathisSpectrewasagainwithhim,andbroughtaWoodenDish,withgreyLiquorinit,andbidhimDrinkit
offatthefirstsightoftheSpectre,hesaidheendeavour'dtoawakehisBedfel|lows,butittoldhim,thatthat
endeavourshouldbeinvainandthathehadnocausetofearhim,hebeinghisFriend,andhethatatfirstgavehimthe
goodadviceintheField,whichhadhenotfollowed,hehadbeenbe|forenowperfectlyinthePoweroftheCom|pany
hesawthereheadded,Thathecon|cludeditwasimpossible,butthatheshouldhavebeencarryedawaytheDay
before,therebeingsostrongaCombinationagainsthimbutnowhecouldassurehim,thattherewouldbemore
AttemptsofthatNature,buthebeingtroubledwithtwosortsofsadFits,hehadbroughtthatLiquortoCurehimof
them,andbidhimDrinkitheperemptorilyrefusing,theSpectrewasangry,andupbraidedhimwithgreatDisingenuity,
buttoldhim,however,hehadakindnessforhim,andthatifhewouldtakePlantaneJuice,heshouldbewellofonesort
ofFits,butheshouldcarrytheo|thertohisGravethePoorManhavingbythistimesomewhatrecover'dhimself,ask'd
theSpectre,whetherbytheJuiceofPlantanehemeantthatoftheLeaves,orRoots?Itre|ply'dtheRoots.
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Thenitask'dhim,whetherhedidnotknowhim?heaswerednoitreply'd,Iamsuchanone:theMananswered,hehad
beenlongDead:IhavebeenDead,saidtheSpectre,orGhost,SevenYears,andyouknowthatIliv'dalooseLife,and
eversinceIhavebeenhurriedupanddowninarestlesscondition,withtheCompanyyousaw,andshallbetotheday
ofJudgmentthenheproceededtotellhim,thathadheacknowledgedGodinhisways,hehadnotsuffer'dsuchsevere
thingsbytheirmeansandfurthersaid,youneverPray'dtoGodthatdaybeforeyoumetwiththisCompanyinthe
Fields.

ThisRelationwassenttoDr.HenryMore,byMr.E.Fowler,whosaid,Mr.GreatrixtolditseveralPersons:TheLord
Orreryalsoown'dtheTruthofitandMr.GreatrixtoldittoDr.HenryMorehimself,whoparticularlyenquiredofMr.
GreatrixabouttheMansbe|ingcarriedupintotheAir,aboveMensHeadsintheRoom,andhedidexpreslyaffirmhe
wasanEyewitnessthereof.
Wierustellsus,thataYoungWoman,*wasmiserablytormentedwithanEvilSpirit,intheCastleofCaldenbroc,in
Guelderland,andhadbeencarriedawayintheAirbyhim,ifhimselfhadnotwithheldherbyViolence.Hesaysalso,
thatatMagdeburg,acertainMagicalJuggler,*whowaswonttoleadaboutalittleHorseforaShow,wouldlethim
walkaboutinaCircleinanopenTheatre,andattheendoftheShowwldtelltheCompany,thathecouldgetlit|tle
MoneyamongMen,andtherefhewouldgouptoHeavenwhereuponhewldthrowaCordupintheAir,andthelittle
Page76
Horsewouldgoupafterit,himselftakingholdoftheHorsesTayl,wouldfollowhim,hisWifetakingholdofhim,
wouldfollowalso,andaMaidServantwouldfollowher,andsomountupintheAir,asitwerelink'dtogether,the
Spectatorsstandingingreatad|mirationtillacertainCitizencomingbychancethatway,andasking,whatwasdone?It
wasansweredthataJuglerwithhislittleHorsewasgoneupintotheAir:whereuponheassuredthemthathesawhim
justbeforegoingintoanInnintheStreetthereforefindingthemselvesdeluded,theywentaway.Wierusadds,noMan
maydenybutallthiskindofallyancewithDaemons,bywhatevermeansgotten,andallthewayofthesedelusionsisa
pestiferousFraud,introduc'dfortheutterdestructionofMen.
Mr.ThomasTilson,MinisterofAylesworthinKent,inaLetterdatedJulythe6th.1691.whichhesenttothelateMr.
BaxterinLondon,givesanAccountofanApparitionatRochesterwhichAccountMr.BaxterhasPrintedinhis
HistoricalDiscourseofApparitionsandWitches.Itisasfollows.
MarytheWifeofJohnGoffeofRochester,beingAfflictedwithalongIllness,re|movedtoherFathersHouseatWest
Mulling,whichisaboutNineMilesdistantfromherown,theresheDiedJunethe4th.thispresentYear1641.Theday
beforeherdeparture,shegrewveryimpatientlydesirous,toseehertwoChildren,whomshehadleftathome,tothe
careofaNurseshepray'dherHus|bandtohireanHorse,forshemustgohome,andDyewiththeChildrenwhenthey
per|swadedhertothecontray,tellinghershe
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wasnotfittobetakenoutofBed,norabletositonHorseback,sheentreatedthem,how|evertotry,ifIcannotsit,said
she,Iwillliea|longupontheHorse,forImustgotoseemyPoorBabes.

AMinister,wholivesintheTown,waswithheratTenoftheClockthatNight,towhomsheexpress'dgoodHopesin
theMer|ciesofGod,andWillingnesstodie,but,saidshe,itismyMiserythatIcannotseemyChildren.
BetweenOneandTwooftheClockintheMorningshefellintoaTranceoneWidowTurner,whowatch'dwithherthat
Night,says,ThatherEyeswereopen,andfixt,andherJawfall'nsheputherHanduponherMouthandNostrils,but
couldperceivenoBreathshethoughthertobeinaFit,anddoubtedwhethershewerealiveordead.
ThenextDay,thisdyingWomantoldherMotherthatshehadbeenathomewithherChildren.Thatisimpossible,said
theMo|ther,foryouhavebeenhereinBedallthewhileyes,reply'dtheother,butIwaswiththemlastNight,whenI
wasasleep.
TheNurseatRochester,WidowAlexanderbyName,affirms,andsays,shewilltakeherOathon'tbeforeaMagistrate,
andreceivetheSacramentuponit,thatalittlebeforeTwooftheClockthatMorning,shesawthelike|nessofthesaid
MaryGoffe,comeoutofthenextChamber,(wheretheElderChildlayinaBedbyitself)theDoorbeingleftopen,and
stoodbyherBedsideaboutaQuarterofanHourtheYoungerChildwastherelyingbyherherEyesmov'd,andher
Mouthwent,butshesaidnothing.TheNursemoreover
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says,thatshewasperfectlyawake,itwasthenDaylight,beingoneofthelongestDaysintheYear.Shesateupinher
Bed,andlook'dstedfastlyupontheApparitioninthattimesheheardtheBridgeClockstrikeTwo,andawhileafter
said,IntheNameoftheFather,Son,andHolyGhost,whatartthou?There|upontheAppearanceremov'd,andwent
a|way.ShesliptonherCloathsandfollowed,butwhatbecameon'tshecannottellthen,andnotbefore,shebegantobe
grievouslyaffrighted,andwentoutofDoors,andwalk'dupontheWharf,(theHousebeingjustbytheRiverside)for
someHours,onlygoingin,nowandthen,tolooktotheChildrenatFiveoftheClockshewenttoaNeighbour's
House,andknock'dattheDoor,buttheywouldnotriseatSixshewentagain,thentheyaroseandletherin:She
relatedtothemallthathadpass'dtheywouldperswadehershewasmistaken,orDreamtbutsheconfi|dentlyaffirm'd,
IfeverIsawherinallmyLife,IsawherthisNight.
OneofthosetowhomshemadetheRela|tion(MarytheWifeofJohnSweet)hadaMessengercamefromMullingthat
Forenoon,toletherknowherNeighbourGoffe'sWifewasdying,anddesir'dtospeakwithhershewentoverthesame
Dayandfoundherdeparting.TheMother,amongotherDiscourse,relatedtoherhowmuchherDaughterhadlong'dto
seetheChildrenandsaid,shehadseenthem.ThisbroughttoMrs.Sweet'sMind,whattheNursehadtoldherthat
Morning,fortillthenshehadnotthoughttomentionit,butdisguis'ditrather,astheWoman'sdisturb'dImagination.
Page79

ThesubstanceofthisIhadrelatedtome,byJohnCarpenter,theFatheroftheDeceas'd,nextDayafterherBurial,July
the2d.IfullyDiscours'dtheMatterwiththeNurse,andtwoNeighbours,towhoseHouseshewentthatMorning.
TwoDaysafter,IhaditfromtheMother,theMinisterthatwaswithherintheEvening,andtheWomanthatsateup
withherthatlastNighttheyallagreeinthesameStory,andeveryonestrength'nstheothersTestimony.
TheyappeartobesoberintelligentPersons,farenoughfromdesigningtoimposeaCheatontheWorld,ortomannage
aLye,andwhatTemptationtheylieunderforsodoing,Ican|notconceive.SofartheLettertoMr.Baxter.
Accordingtotheforegoinginstance,Hel|monttellusofaBoy,whothroughanexcus|sivedesireofseeinghisMother,
fellintoanExtasy,andgaveheravisit,shebeingmanyMilesdistantfromhim,andthatuponhiscomingtohimself,
remembringallthings,hegavePeoplemanyMarksofhishavingbeenwithher.MarcusMarci,*havingsetdownthis
RelationfromHelmont,adds,thoughweshouldgranttheBoy'sMindorImaginationhadreach'dtothatplace,itwould
beridiculoustothinkhecouldhaveperceiv'dthosesensiblethingsbeingpresent,unlesswelikewisead|mittheOrgans
ofhisSensesalso,withwhichhecouldhavereceiv'dthoseImages,hadpass'dthither:Thereforewemustsay,thatas
theImaginativeFacultycomessometimestotheKnowledgeoffuturethings,soitdoestotheKnowledgeofthings
absentandasforthemannerafterwhichitisdone,hehasex|plain'ditelsewhere.
Page80
CaptainHenryBell,inhisNarrativeprefixttoLuther'sTable,printedinEnglish,An.1652.havingacquaintedushow
theGermanCopyprintedofit,hadbeendiscover'dunderGround,whereithadlainhidFiftytwoYears,thatEdition
havingbeensupprestbyanEdictoftheEmperorRudolphustheSecond,sothatitwasDeathforanyPersontokeepa
Copythereofandhavingtoldus,thatCasparusVanSparr,aGermanGentleman,withwhomhewasfamiliarly
acquaintedwhilehenegotiatedAffairsinGermany,forKingJamestheFirst,wasthePersonthatdiscover'dit,An.
1626.andtransmitteditintoEnglandtohim,andearnestlydesir'dhimtotranslatethesaidBookintoEnglish,says,he
accordinglysetupontheTranslationofitmanytimes,butwasal|wayshindredfromproceedinginitbysome
interveningBusiness.AboutsixWeeksafterhehadreceiv'dtheCopy,beinginBedwithhisWife,oneNightbetween
TwelveandOneoftheClock,shebeingasleep,buthimselfawake,thereappear'dtohimanAncientMan,standingat
hisBed'sside,array'dallinWhite,havingalongandbroadWhiteBeard,hang|ingdowntohisGirdle,whotakinghim
byhisrightEar,saidthustohim,Sirrah!WillnotyoutaketimetotranslatethatBookwhichissentuntoyououtof
Germany?Iwillshortlyprovideforyoubothplaceandtimetodoitandthenhevanish'dhereuponbeingmuch
affrighted,hefellintoanextreamSweat,sothathisWifeawaking,andfindinghimalloverWet,sheask'dhimwhathe
ail'd?HetoldherwhathehadseenandheardbutheneverregardedVisionsnorDreams,andsothethesamefelloutof
hisMind.ButaFort|night
Page81

after,beingonaSundayathisLodginginKingstreet,Westminster,atDinnerwithhisWife,twoMessengersweresent
fromthewholeCounselBoard,withaWarranttocar|ryhimtotheGatehouse,Westminister,theretobekepttillfarther
OrderfromtheLordsoftheCouncil.UponwhichWarranthewaskepttheretenwholeYearsclosePrisonerwherehe
spentfiveYearsofitintranslatingthesaidBook,havinggoodcausetobemind|fuloftheOldMan'ssaying:Iwill
shortlyprovideforyoubothplaceandtimetotran|slateit.
Cardantellsus,ThatJacobusDonatus,*arichSe|natorofVenice,waswonttorelatehowhimselfbeinginBedwithhis
WifeoneNight,andhavingaWaxCandleburningbyhim,andtwoNursesatthesametimelyingthereinaTruckle
BedwithaChildunderaYearoldhesawtheChamberDoortobeopen'dbyde|grees,andIknownotwhatMantoput
hisHeadintheNursessawhimtoo,butnei|therknewhisFacetheyoungManbeingaffrighted,arose,andsnatch'dhis
SwordandBuckler,andtheNurseseachofthemgreatWaxCandles,hegoesintotheHalladjoyningtotheChamber,
therehefoundallthingsfastshut,hereturn'dwithgreatAdmiration.TheInfantwhowaswellinHealth,dyedthenext
Day.Thisheneverrelatedwithoutsighing.
WehavealsoseveralinstancesinHistoryoffrightfulSpectresappearingbeforePestilencesandotherAfflictions.
Procopius,wherehewritesofthegreatandwonderfulPestilence,*thatinthetimeofCosreeandJustiniandispopl'dthe
Earth,says,therewerethenseenpublickly,
Page82
andinprivateHousesDaemonsinanHumaneshape,whichstruckthosetheymet,andthosetheystruckwerepresently
seiz'dwiththeDi|sease,andthishappen'dtosomewaking,inopenDay,toothersintheNighttime.
CHAP.IV.WhatPerceptionsomePersonshavehadofGenii,orSpiritsbytheSenseofseeing,whenotherspresentatthesametime
haveseennothing.

LUcasJacobsonDebes,M.A.andProvostoftheChurchesintheseventeenIslandsofFoeroe,subjecttotheKingof
Denmark,inhisDescriptionofthesaidIslands,andInhabi|tants,andhisAccountofseveralObservablesthere,inhis
eighthChaptertellsus,howSa|tan,evensincethepureLightoftheGospelthere,aswellasbefore,hasbehav'dhimself
indeludingandseducingthoseInhabitants:TheyhavingmanyExampleshowhehasta|kenawaysome,andcarry'd
awayothers,re|storingthemafterwards,butweaken'dintheirUnderstandingswhereofhegivesussomecertain
Relations,thatareyetintheMemoryofMan,andsomeothersthathappen'dwhilehehimselfwasatFoeroehetellus,
ThatAp|paritionsofSpiritsisathingsogenerallyknowninFoeroe,thatalmosteverywhereintheCountry,wherethey
havereadnoBooks
Page83

thereof,norheardanyRelationfromotherPlaces,knowitsoperfectlybytheWorksandApparationsofSatan,thatthey
areinnodoubtatallofit.AndthattheymaybeseenbysomePersons,andnotbyothers,mightbeprov'dbymany
ExamplesinFoeroe,thatbeingameerendowmentoftheirNatureand,hesays,Peoplegrowmuchalter'dup|onseeing
suchApparitions,whichAppariti|onstheycallHollowMen.AnexpressionexactlyagreeingwiththatofVirgil,where
hetellsuswhattheSybil,*whoundertooktocarryAen|astotheElysianFields,saidtohimattheen|tranceofHell,
wheretheGhosts,camea|gainsthim.
Etnidoctacomestenuessinecorporevitas,
Admoneat,volitarecavsubimagineformae,
Irruat&frustraferrodinverberetumbras.
andsuchtheyalwaysappear'dtomyself,notwithsolidBodiesofFleshandBones.
Forparticulars,IrefertheReadertoMr.Debes'sBook,andshallonlysetdownoneRe|lationfromhimofathingwhich
happen'd,An.1667.Itisasfollows:APersoncall'dJacobOluffon,beingthenatGiow,inOsteroe,inthe2thYearof
hisAge,onthe17thofJan.fellin|toaSickness,lyingaBedduringaFortnight,andonthe14thDayofhisIllness,as
helayasleepatNight,therecameoneintohimwithshiningCloathson,whereatheawaken'd,andperceiv'dhiminthat
Figure,intheBedbyhim,theRoomappearingfullofSplendor,anditask'dtheManwherehisPainwas?Whereunto
heanswer'dnothingafterwardstheApparitionstroak'dhimwithhisHandalong
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hisBreast,androundabout,wherebyhewaspresentlyheal'd.
Now,thoughDaemonologersgenerallygiveinstancesofsomePersonsseeingSpirits,whenothers,inthesameRoom,
atthesametime,seethemnot,andsomeMenundertakebyPhysiognomy,totellwhoshallhaveVisionsofSpirits,or
Angels,andwhoshallneverseeApparitionsofthem,thoughtheyareintheRoomwithothersthatseethemyetthe
mostconvincinginstanceofthispeculiarSight,thatIknowofintheWorld,is,thatoftheSecondsightedPersonsin
Scotland,whoarecall'dSecondsighted,becausetheyhavetheGiftofseeingmorethanotherscanthatarewiththem.
MylateFriend,Mr.JohnAubrey,attheendofhisBookofMiscellanies,PrintedinLon|don,An.1695,givesan
AccountoftheseSe|condsightedPersons,whichwassenthimfromaLearnedPersoninScotland,whoseLettershe
shew'dmebeforehePrintedthem:AndIshallheresetdownafewParticulars,takenfromthatAccount,relatingtomy
purpose.
I.TheygenerallytermthisSecondsight,inIrishTaishitaraugh,andsuchashaveit,Tai|shatrim,fromTaish,whichis
properlyasha|dowySubstance,andsuchascanonlybesomewaydiscern'dbytheEye,butnotlay'dholdonbythe
Handsforwhichtheyas|sign'dittoBuglesorGhostssothatTaishtarisasmuchasonethatconverseswithGhosts,or

Spirits,orastheycommonlycallthemthe,orFairyfolksotherscallthesePer|sonssichin,fromPhis,whichis
properlyforesight,orforeknowledge.
Page85
II.ThosethathavetheSecondsight,seeamultitudeofMenandWomen,NightandDay,roundaboutthem,anda
particularRelationismadeofoneofthosePersons,aManofanuprightConversation,whous'dordinarilybylooking
totheFire,toforetelwhatStrangerswouldcometohisHousethenextDay,orshortlyafter,bytheirHabit,andArms,
andsometimesalsobytheirNamesandifanyofhisGoodsorCattleweremissing,hewoulddirecthisServantstothe
veryplacewheretofindthem,whetherinaMire,orupondryGround:hewouldalsotelliftheBeastwerealready
dead,orifitshoulddiee'retheycouldcomeatitandintheWinter,ifhimselfwithotherswithhimsatethickaboutthe
Fireside,hewoulddesirethemtomakeRoomforsomeothersthatstoodby,thoughtheydidnotseethem:Hesawtwo
Spiritscontinually,andsometimesmanymore,thoughothers,sayhecontinuallysawmore,andwouldof|tenseemvery
angry,andsomethingtroubl'd,nothingvisibletoothersmovinghim.ThetwoparticularSpiritsthatconstantlyattended
himwerecall'd,oneBrownie,intheshapeofaBoy,theotherMeigMalloch,orMegMullack,intheshapeofaGirl,
whoweretwoGhosts,which(asit'sconstantlyreported)ofOldhauntedaFamilyinStrathsPey,oftheNameofGrant
ofwhichNameandFamilythisPersonwas.
Note,*ThatKingJamesinhisDaemonologymentionsalsoaSpirit,call'dBrownie,thatwaswontformerlytohaunt
diversHouses,withoutdoinganyEvil,butdoing,asitwere,necessaryturnsupanddowntheHouseheappear'dlikea
roughMan,nay,somebeliev'd
Page86
thattheirHousewasalltheSonsier,astheycall'dit,thatis,themorelucky,orfortu|nate,thatsuchSpiritsresorted
there.
III.AstotheextentofthesePeoplesknow|ledgethissecretway,itreachesbothpresent,pass'd,andfutureEvents.They
foreseeMur|thers,Drownings,Weddings,Burials,Com|bats,Manslaughters,&c.ofallwhichtherearemanyinstances
tobegiventheycom|monlyforeseesadEventsalittlewhilebeforetheyhappenforinstance,ifaMan'sfatalendbe
hanging,they'llseeaGibbet,oraRopeabouthisNeckifbeheading,they'llseeaManwithoutaHeadifdrowning,
they'llseeWateruptohisThroatifstabbing,they'llseeaDaggerinhisBreastifunexpectedDeathinhisBed,they'll
seeaWindingSheetabouthisHead:TheyforetelnotonlyMarriages,butofgoodChildren,whatkindofLifeMen
shalllead,andinwhatConditiontheyshalldiealsoRiches,Honours,Preferments,Peace,Plenty,andgoodWeather.
Thereisonein|stanceofaSecondsightedPerson,whosawayoungMan,attendingayoungGentlewoman,asshewent
upanddowntheHouse,andthiswasaboutthreeMonthsbeforeherMarriagewithhimandsometimestheyforetel
thingswhichfalloutseveralYearsafter.It'slike|wiseusualwithPersonsthatloseanythingtogotosomeoftheseMen,

bywhomtheyaredirectedhowwithwhatPersons,andinwhatplacetheyshallfindtheirGoods.It'salsotobenoted,
thatthisGiftbearsaLati|tude,sothatsomehaveitinafarmoreEmi|nentdegreethanothers.
IV.AsforthewayofreceivingthisGift,andcommunicatingittoothers,theAccount
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tellsus,thatintheIsleofSkye,especiallybe|foretheGospelcamethither,severalFami|lieshaditbySuccession,
descendingfromParentstoChildren,andasyettherearema|nythathaveitthatway.SoCardantellus,itrunsina
BloodamongtheTurks,*forPer|sonstocastthemselvesintoanExtasyatPlea|sure.Somesay,theygetthisGiftby
com|pactwiththeDevil,others,say,byconversewiththoseDaemons,wecallFairies.Theysay,theycancommunicate
theGifttoothersinafewDays,andhaveoffer'dtodoitforasmallMatterand,theysay,thatifatanytime,whenthey
seethosestrangesights,theysettheirfootonthefootofanotherwhohasnotthesecondsight,thatotherwill,forthat
time,seewhattheyareseeing.AndasIamtoldbyaPersonwhohasconvers'dwiththoseSecondsightedPersons,the
GiftwillcontinuewiththeManthathassoreceiv'dit,allhisLife.
V.ThisGiftisverytroublesometothosethathaveit,andtheywouldgladlyberidofitforiftheobjectbeathingthat
isterrible,theyareseentosweatandtremble,andscreekattheApparitionatothertimestheylaughandtellofthe
thingcheerfullyjustaccord|ingasthethingisPleasant,orastonishing.AcertainPersondesir'daSecondsightedMnto
teachhimhisSkillwhotoldhimhecoulddoitinthreeDaystime,butsaidhewouldnotadvisehim,oranyManto
learnitforuponlearningithewouldneverbeaminuteinhisLife,buthewouldseeinnumebleMenandWomen,
NightandDay,roundabouthim,whichhebeliev'dwouldbetroublesometohim:WhereuponthePerson
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wouldnotlearnit.Andthosethathaveitwishtoberidofit,judgingitaSin,andthatitcamefromtheDevilandsome
ofthemhaveapply'dthemselvestotheMinistry,de|siringtheirPrayersfortheirbeingfreedofit,andtheyhavebeen
freedaccordingly.IntheIsleofSkye,ifaWomanhasitherself,andbemarryedtoaManthathasitalso,unlessaChild
oftheirsbebaptiz'djustuponthedeli|very,hehasitallhisLifeifhebethenbaptiz'd,heisfreedfromit.
VI.ThePersonsthathavethisGift,areob|serv'd,forthemostpart,tobevicious,tho'someveryhonestPersons,ofan
uprightlife,haveit.
Mr.Aubrey,inasmallAddition,whichhehasnnexttohisAccountofSecondsightedPersons,givesusaRelationfrom
Diembroke,*ofanoldWomanwithwhomitwasusual,whereanyFriendofhersdyed,toseetheirApparitionswithout
anHead,andthisthoughthePer|sonswereneversofaroff.AndIhavebeencrediblyinform'dofaGentlemaninthe
LowCountries,who,ashewalk'dtheStreetsofaTownwouldoftenmeetPeoplewithoutHeads,asitseem'dtohim,

andwouldaskthenextPersonhemetwith,whosuchPersonswere,andwouldacquainthisFriendsthatthosePersons
woulddiewithinaYear,whichal|wayscametopass.
Relatingtothiswefindit'saCustomwiththeJews,onthe7thDayoftheirFeastofTa|bernacles,viz.the21stDayof
theMonthofSept.togoforthintheNighttime,intheMoonshine,becausetheythinkallthingsthatwillhappento
themthatYear,arereveal'dtothemthatNightintheMoonshine.Leusden,inhishi|lologus
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Hebraeomixtus,*hasgiv'nusacutofthisPractice,whichIhavealsohereinserted:WhereJewsaregoingforthinthe
MoonshinewithBranchesofPalms,Olives,andWillowsintheirHands,tosearchouttheEventsofthewholeYearbut
theHeadofoneofthemlieshid,andisnotseenintheshadow,whencethePersonconcludesheshalldiethatYear.
Buxtorf,inhisSynagogaJudaica,*thussetsforthallthesethings.TheygoforthintheNighttime,intheMoonshine,
somehavingonlytheirHeadsbare,somewithaShirtononly,oralsona|ked,havingaSheetaboutthem,whichtheylet
fall,andstretchforththeirArmsandHandsifanyMan'sHeadbeseenwantinginthesha|dow,heisindangerofLife,
andit'sasignhewilldiethatYearifaFingerbewanting,theDeathofaFriendisforeshowniftherighthand,aSon
iftheleft,aDaughterwilldieifheseenoshadeatall,hemustprepareforDeath,forthereisnohopeofavoidingit
andifhebeuponundertakingaJourney,it'sasignhewillneverreturnhome,&c.ThistheRabbinsmakeoutfromthe
Words,Numb.14.9.Theirshadowisdepartedfromthembuttheywrite,itisnottobeunderstoodofthesimple
shadow,becauseitcannotbebutaManmustseehisshadowintheMoonshinebutoftheshadowoftheshadowforif
itbewellmind|ed,weshallfindatwofoldshadow,whereofthesecondisaReflectionofthefirst,whichtheRabbins
calltheshadowoftheshadow.
IknownothowfarthismayrelatetotheDoctrineoftheCabaliss,*forasBossardustellsus,theArbianPriestsheld
withthem,thatthereareThreepartsoftheSoul,theFirstiscalledNeschama,andiswholyDivine,ab|stracted
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andseparatedfromtheBodythisVirgilcallsAuraisimplicisIgnem.*TheSecondiscalledRuah,anditistheRational
SoulwhichpartakesoftheDivinityandtheBody,joyningbothtogetherwithawonderfulHarmony,itgivesLifetothe
Body,andcausesthatithasnotanabhorrencefortheFrailandMortalFlesh,inwhichitlives.TheThirdpartofthe
SoulisthatwhichdissolvesthisHarmo|ny,anditisastheIdol,Image,Shadow,andastheoutcoat,drawnfromthe
surfaceoftheBodytheCabalistscallitNephes,itwandersaboutSepulchers,andissometimesvisible,buttotheeyes
ofthosewhomGodIllumi|natesandthisNephesisthatFatalHairintheCrownofMensHeads,SacredtoPlutoand
Proserpine,whichbeforeitbecut,anddrawnawayfromtheCrownoftheHead,theSoulcannotbeseparatefromthe
BodysoalsounlessthisNephesbedrawn,asitwerefromtheoutmostsurfaceoftheBody,aMancannotleavethis

LifeandthispartoftheSoul(ifwebelievetheDoctrineoftheCabalists)isthatwhichiscalledoutbyMagiciansand
Necromancers,PlutoandProser|pinebeingfirstappeas'd,whichiftheyputontheirformerBodies,andsuchanHabit
astheyworealive,theirAnswersarecalledNe|cromantical,iftheyappear'donlyinflittingandsubtileShadows,their
answersweresaidtobeScyomanticalSofarBoissardus.WhenceIonlyNote,thatiftherebesuchashadowyand
wandringpartoftheSoul,asisherementioned,call'dNephesitsprobabletheWomanmentionedbyDiembroke,saw
thatatthedeathofPersons.
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Astomyownexperience,relatingtothatoftheSecondSightedPersonsabovemention'd,Ishallheresetitdown,in
referencetotwooftheparticularsaboveWritten,fromMr.Au|brey'sAccount,viz.theSecondandFifth.As,inthe
secondparticular,it'ssaid,thatthosethathavetheSecondSight,seeamulti|tudeofMenandWomen,DayandNight,
aboutthem:Soitwaswithmyselfforsometime,forIsawHundreds,tho'IneversawanyintheNighttime,withouta
Fire,orCandlelight,orintheMoonshine,andasthePersonmention'dinthatParagraph,hadtwoparticularSpirits
thereNamed,whichconstantlyattendedhim,besidesotherswith|outNamessoitwaswithmyself,twoSpi|rits
constantlyattendingme,NightandDay,foraboveThreeMonthstogetherwhocall'deachotherbytheirNames,and
severalSpi|ritswouldoftencallatmyChamberDoor,andask,whethersuchSpiritslivedthere,callingthembytheir
Names,andtheywouldanswer,theydid.AsfortheotherSpiritsthatattendedme,IheardnoneoftheirNames
mentioned,onlyIask'doneSpiritwhichcameforsomeNightstogether,andrungalittleBellinmyEar,whathisName
was,whoanswer'dAriel.WefindthatoneoftheSpiritswhichattendedtheSecondSight|edPerson,appearedasaBoy,
theotherasaGirl:butthetwothatconstantlyattendedmyself,appear'dbothinWomensHabit,theybeingofaBrown
Complexion,anda|boutThreeFootinStaturetheyhadbothblack,looseNetworkGowns,tyedwithablackSashabout
theirMiddles,andwithintheNetworkappear'daGownofaGolden
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Colour,withsomewhatofaLightstrikingthro'ittheirHeadswerenotdrestwithTopknots,buttheyhadwhiteLinnen
Capson,withLaceonthem,aboutthreeFingersbreadth,andoverittheyhadaBlacklooseNetworkHood.
AstheforesaidSecondSightedPerson,sittingbytheFirewithothersintheWintertime,wouldseeSpiritsstandingby,
andoftenseemangryanddisturbed,tho'nothingvisibletoothersmov'dhimso,asIhavebeensittingbytheFirewith
others,IhaveseenseveralSpirits,andpointedtotheplaceswheretheywere,tellingtheCompanytheywerethere.And
oneSpirit,whomIheardcallingtome,ashestoodbehindme,onasudden,clapthisFingertomySide,whichI
sensiblyper|ceived,andstartedatitandasIsawoneSpiritcomeinattheDoor,whichIdidnotlike,Isuddenlylaid
holdofapairofTonges,andstruckathimwithallmyforce,whereuponheVanish'd.

AsintheFifthParticularaboveWrittenHesaidthattheGiftoftheSecondSightisverytroublesometothosethathave
it,andtheywouldgladlyberidofit.SoImustdeclare,thatIwouldnotforthewholeWorld,under|gowhatIhave
undergone,uponSpiritsco|mingtwicetometheirfirstcomingwasmostdreadfultome,thethingbeingthen
alto|gethernew,andconsequentlymoresur|prising,tho'atthefirstcomingtheydidnotappeartome,butonlycalledto
meatmyChamberWindows,RungBells,Sungtome,andplay'donMusick,&c.butthelastco|mingalsocarried
terrourenoughforwhentheycame,beingonlyFiveinNumber,the
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TwoWomenbeforementioned,andThreeMen(thoughafterwards,therecameHun|dreds)theytoldmetheywouldkill
me,ifItoldanyPersonintheHouse,oftheirbeingthere,whichputmeinsomeConsternation,andImadeaServantsit
upwithmeFourNightsinmyChamber,beforeaFire,itbeingintheChristmasHolydays,tellingnoPersonoftheir
beingthere.OneoftheseSpiritsinWo|mansdress,laydownuponmyBedbymeeve|ryNight:andtoldme,ifISlept,
theSpiritswouldkillme,whichkeptmewakingforthreeNights:InthemeantimeanearRelationofMine,went(tho'
unknowntome)toaPhysi|cianofmyacquaintance,desiringhimtopre|scribemesomewhatforSleepingwhichhe
did,andaSleepingPotionwasbroughtme,butIsetitby,beingverydesirousandinclin|edenoughtoSleepwithoutit.
TheFourthNightIcouldhardlyforbearSleeping,buttheSpiritlyingontheBedbyme,toldmeagain,Ishouldbe
Kill'difISlept,where|uponIrose,andsatbytheFireside,andinawhilereturn'dtomyBedandsoIdidaThirdtime,
butwasstillthreatnedasbefore:whereuponIgrewimpatient,andask'dtheSpiritswhattheywouldhave?toldthem,I
haddonethepartofaChristian,inhumblingmyselftoGod,andfear'dthemnot,androsefrommyBed,tookaCane,
andknock'dattheCeilingofmyChamber,anearRela|tionofminelyingthenoverme,whopre|sentlyrose,andcame
downtome,abouttwooftheClockintheMorningtowhomIsaid,youhaveseenmedisturbedtheseFourDayspast,
andthatIhavenotSlept,theoc|casionofitwas,thativeSpiritswhichare
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nowintheRoomwithme,havethreatnedtokillmeifItoldanyPersonoftheirbeinghere,orifISlept,butIamnot
abletofor|bearSleepinglonger,andacquaintyouwithit,andnowstandindefianceofthemandthusIexertedmyself
aboutthem,andnot|withstandingtheircontinualThreats,ISleptverywellthenextNight,andcontinuedsotodo,tho'
theycontinuedwithmeaboveThreeMonths,DayandNight.
AGentlemanhavinglatelysupply'dmewithanotherAccount,concerningtheSecondSightedPersons,whichwassent
someYearssincetoaLady,byaPersonofwhomshehaddesiredit.Ishallheresetdownthepar|ticularsofit,as
follows.
I.HesaysthemoregeneralAccountgivenoftheSecondSightedPersons,is,thatmanyHighlanders,butfarmore
IslandersarequalifiedwiththisSight.ThatMen,WomenandChil|dren,areindifferentlygiftedwithitsomeChildren

haveit,whoseParentshaveitnot,andsomeParentshaveit,whoseChildrenhaveitnotsomeadultPersonshaveit,
whohaditnotintheirYouth,andcannottellbywhatmeansorcauseitwasproduc'dinthem.Itisagreattroubleto
thosethathaveit,andtheywouldberidofitatanyrate.TheSightisofnolongduration,continuingforthemostpart,
butaslongastheycankeeptheirEyessteady,withouttwinklingthemostAssuredthereforefixtheirlook,thattheysee
thelonger,buttheTimerousseeonlybyglances,theirEyesalwaystremblingatthefirstsightoftheobject.
II.Thatwhichisseengenerallybythem,isthespeciesofLivingCreatures,andofIn|amimate
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things,asShips,andtheHabitsup|onPersons:TheyneverseetheSpeciesofanyPersonalreadyDeadwhatthey
foreseefailsnottoexistinthemodeandplacewhereitappearstothemtheycannotwellknowwhatspaceoftime
shallintervenebetwixttheApparitionandtherealExistence,butsomeoftheboldestandlongestexperiencedhave
someRulesofConjectures.AsiftheyseeaManwithaShroudintheApparition,theywillconjectureatthenearness,
orre|motenessofhisDeath,bythemoreorlessofhisBodythatcover'dwithit.Theywillordinarilyseetheirabsent
Friends,tho'atagreatdistancesometimesnolessthanfromAmericatoScotland,sitting,orstanding,orwalkingin
somecertainplace,andthentheyconcludewithassurance,thattheyshallseethemso,andthere.IfaManbeinLove
withaWoman,theyordinarilyseethatManstandingbyher,andsoifaWomanbeinLove.Theyconjectureoftheir
enjoymentsbytheSpeciestouchingthePerson,orap|pearingatadistancefromher.IftheyseetheSpeciesofaPerson,
whoisSickinanyotherplace,inanHealthfulPasture,orAction,theyconcludearecoverybutiftheyaretoDye,they
seethemcover'dwithaWindingSheet.
ThesegeneralswereverifiedtoPersonsofHonour,bysuchofthemasdidSee,andwereesteem'dHonestandSoberby
alltheNeighbourhood.AndbecausethereweremoreoftheseSeers,intheIslesofLewis,HarrisandVist,than
elsewere,somePersonsofQualityintreatedSirJamesMacdonel,whoisnowdead,SirNormanMaclod,andMr.
Da|niel
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Morison,averyhonestMinister,whoarestillalive,toinquireintothisSight,andtoacquaintthemtherewith,which
theydid,andallofthemfoundanagreementinthesegenerals,andInformedthemofmanypar|ticularandnotorious
Instances,confirmingwhattheysaid.
HesetsdownsomeremarkableInstances,whichhesayswereofveryknowingandin|geniousPersons,whohadmadeit
theirbu|sinesstobewellinformedconcerningtheSecondSightwhichInstancesbeingnotPrin|tedinanyotherAuthor,
thatIknowof,Ishallinsertthemhere.

TheFirstInstance,hesays,isfromaPer|sonofgreatLearning,andeminentQuality,whogavethefollowingRelation.
IwasonceTravellingintheHighlands,withmanyServants,oneofthemgoingalittlebeforeme,andentringintoa
House,whereIwastostayallNight,suddenlysteptbackwithascreechandanoise,andfellbyaStonewhichhitis
Foot:Iasktwhatthematterwas(forhelook'dasoneverymuchFrighted)hetoldmeveryseriously,ImustnotLodge
inthatHouseIask'dwhy?hesaid,hewish'dso,becauseaDeadCorpswouldveryshortlybecarriedoutofit,andthat
severalPersonscarryingofit,methimattheDoor,whenIheardhimcryandthereforehewouldnothavemeLodgein
sounluckyaplaceandseeingmeLaughandgoin,hesaidtotheotherServants,hewasverysorryIdidso,forhewas
surewhathesawwouldveryshortlycometopassthismademeinquireiftherewereanysickPersonintheHouse,but
therewasnonethe
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LandlordwasastrongHealthyHighlander,yetbeforeIwentfromtheHouse,thenextDay,heDiedofanApoplectick
Fit.
TheSecondInstanceisfromanotherPer|son,whowritesthus.
IntheYear1653.AlexanderMonro,whowasafterwardsLieutenantColloneltotheEarlofDunbarton'sRegiment,and
myselfwerewalkinginaplacecalledUlabillinLoghBroome,inalittlePlainatthefootofaruggedHilltherewasa
ManworkingwithaSpade,inthewalkbeforeus,andhisFacetotheHillhedidnotmindusaswepastnearhim,
whichmademelookathim,andperceivinghimtostarealittlestrangely,IconjecturedhimtobeaSeer,Icalledhim,at
whichhestaredandsmiled:whatareyoudoingsaidI?heansweredme,IhaveseenaverystrangethinganArmyof
Englishmen,lead|ingtheirHorsesdownthatHill,andanum|berofthemarecomedowntothePlain,andeatingthe
BarleywhichisgrowingintheField,neartotheHill.ThiswasontheFourthofMay,forInotedtheDay,anditwas
FourorFiveDaysbeforetheBarlywasSownintheFieldhespokeof.AlexanderMon|roask'dhim,howheknewthey
wereEnglish|men?hesaidbecausetheyhadonHattsandBoots,whichheknewnoScotswouldhavethereweaslittle
setbywhathesaid,asotherfoolishVisions,butinthebeginningofAugustfollowing,theEarlofMiddleton,then
LieutenantfortheKingintheHighlands,ha|vingoccasiontomarchaPartytowardstheSouthHighlands,senthisFoot
thro'aplacecalledInnerlawel,butwasforcedtosendhisHorse,withAlexanderMonrotopassdown
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theveryforementionedHill,aslessrugged,tho'badenough,thanthatofInnerlawelandtheformostParty,whichwas
firstdowntheHill,felltoeatingtheBarly,onthelittlePlainunderitandMonrocall'dtomindwhattheSeerhadtold
us,inMaybeforehewritofit,andsentanexpresstomewithit.

TheRelatoroftheThirdInstancewritesasfollows.
IhadonceanoccasionofbeinginCom|panywithaYoungLady,andwastoldtherewasanotableSeerinthe
CompanyIcall'dhimtospeakwithme(asIdidordinarilywhenIfoundanyofthem)andashehadansweredmeto
severalQuestions,Iask'dhimifheknewanyPersontobeinLovewiththatLady,hesaidhecertainlyknewthatthere
wasaManinLovewithher(buthedidnotknowtheMan)forintheTwoDayshehadbeeninCompanywithher,he
perceivedonestandingnearher,andhisHeadleaningonherShoulderwhichhesaid,accordingtohisObservations,
foretold,thattheManwouldMarryher.ThiswasintheYear1655.IdesiredhimtodescribethePerson,whichhedid,
sothatIcouldcon|jecturebythedescription,itwassuchanoneoftheLady'sAcquaintance,tho'therewerenothought
oftheirMarriage,tillTwoYearsafterandhappening,intheYear1657.tofindthisSeer,whowasanIslander,in
Com|panywiththeotherPerson,whomIcon|jecturedtohavebeendescribedbyhimIcall'dhimaside,andask'dhim,
ifthatwerethePersonhesawbytheLady'sside,TwoYearsago?hesaiditwastrulythesame,andhehadseenthat
Ladyjustthenstandingbyhim
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HandinHand.ThiswassomefewMonthsbeforetheirMarriageandtheManissinceDead,andtheLadystillalive.
TheFourthInstanceisthus.
InJanuary1652.(saysoneofgreatNote)LieutenantCollonelMonro,andmyselfhapnedtobeintheHouseofone
WilliamMaclodofFerrinliainRsse,thesaidMonro,theLandlordandmyselfsittinginThreeChairsneartheFire,and
inthecornerofagreatChimneyweretwoIslanders,whocamethatveryNighttotheHouse,andwerere|latedtothe
Landlord:whileoneofthemwastalkingtoMonro,IperceivedtheothertolookodlytowardsmefromhisLook,and
beinganIslander,IconjecturedhimaSeer,andask'dhimwhathestar'dat?hean|sweredbydesiringmetorisefrom
thatChair,becauseitwasanunluckyone.Iask'dhimwhy?hesaidtherewasaDeadManintheChairnexttome:well,
saidI,ifhebeintheChairnextme,Imaykeepmyown,butwhatkindofManishe?hesaidhewasatallMan,witha
longgreyCoat,havingBootson,andoneofhisLeggshangingoverthearmoftheChair,andhisHeadhangingdown
totheotherside,andhisArmbackward,asifitwerebroken.ThereweresomeTroopsofEnglishMenthenQuartered
nearthatplace,andtherebeingatthattimeagreatFrostafteraThaw,theCountrywascoveredalloverwithIce:Four
orFiveoftheEnglishRidingbythisHouse,someTwoDaysaftertheVisionwhileweweresittingbytheFire,we
heardagreatNoise,whichprovedtobetheseTroopers,whowiththehelpofotherServants,werecarryingoneof
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theirNumber,whohadgotaverymischie|vousfall,andhisArmBroken,andfallingfrequentlyintoSwooningFits,
theybroughthimintotheHall,andsethimintheveryChair,andintheveryPosturetheSeerhaddescribedbutthe

MandidnotDie,tho'herecoveredwithgreatdifficulty.
TheFifthInstanceistakenfromtheAc|countgiveninbySirNormanMaclod.
TherewasaGentlemanintheIsleofHar|ris,whowasalwaysseenbytheSeers,withanArrowinhisThigh:Thosein
theIslewhothoughtthesePrognosticationsInfallible,didnotdoubtbuthewouldbeShotintheThigh,andDieofit.
SirNormansaid,healwaysheardittheSubjectoftheirDiscour|sesformanyYears,whenthatGentlemanwaspresent,
atlastheDiedwithoutanysuchAccidentSirNormanwasathisBurial,atSt.Clement'sChurchintheIsleofHarris.
AtthesametimeanotherGentlemanwasbroughttobeBuriedinthesameChurch.TheFriendsoneithersidecametoa
debatewhoshouldfirstentertheChurch,andfromWordscametoBlowsonewhowasArm'dwithaBowandArrows
letflyamongstthem(everyFamilyinthatIsle,havetheirBuryingPlacesintheChurch,inaStoneChest,andtheir
BodiesarecarriedinopenBierstotheBu|rialPlace.)SirNormanhavingappeasedtheTumult,OneoftheArrowswas
foundstickingintheDeadMan'sThigh.TothisSirNormanhimselfwasWitness.Mr.Aubrey,inhisAccountofthe
SecondSight,hasaRe|lationmuchofthesamewiththistho'withsomevariation.
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TheSixthInstanceistakenfromtheAc|countwhichMr.DanielMorison,MinisterintheIsleofLewis,gavein.
ThisRelation,tho'somewhatofadiffe|rentNaturefromtheothers,maybeworthNotice.HetellsusofaYoung
WomaninhisParish,whowasmightilyFrightedbyseeingherownImagestillbeforeher,whenshewentintotheopen
Air,theBackoftheImagebeingalwaystowardsher:SothatitwasnotaReflection,asinaMirror,buttheSpeciesof
suchaBodyasherown,andintheverysameHabittheMinisterkeptheralongwhilewithhim,butshehadno
Remedy,tillshewasaboutFourorFiveYearsElder,andthenitlefther.
TheGentlemanwhowrittheforegoingRelations,inaLettertoaLady,addsinthecloseofit,thatinordertosolvethe
Phaenome|nonoftheSecondSight,ahintmaybetakenfromthisImage,whichappearedtotheWo|man
abovementioned,andfromsuchanothermention'dbyAristotle,intheFourthBookofhisMetaphysicksasalsofrom
thatcommonOpinionthatYoungInfantsseeApparitions,whicharenotseenbyElderEyesandlike|wisefromthis,
thatseveralwhohavehadtheSecondSight,whenintheHighlands,orIsles,upontheirbeingtransportedtoLivein
otherCountries,especiallyinAmerica,losethisquality,asit'sreportedbyGentlemen,whoknewsomeofthemin
Barbadoes,thatsawnoVisionsthere,tho'theywereknowntohavebeenSeers,whentheylivedintheIslesof
Scotland.
Page102

LaurentiusAnanias,PrintedaBookinLatin,atVenice.An.1581.concerningthenatureofDaemons,*wherehewrites
somewhatwhichseemsally'dtothisGiftoftheSecondSight.Itisthus.
SomeDaemonssomiserablydeludesomeOldWomen,andChildren,thattheycertainlyperswadedthemselves,thaton
setNights,andatsetHours,theirSoulsbeingcalled,departfromtheirBodies,andjoynthemselvestotheSoulsofthe
DeadwhichproceedsbutfromDaemonscorruptingtheImaginationofthoseCreatures,thro'Infidelityafterthat
mannerandastheyrelatethistocredulousOldWomen,theyPredicttheDeathsofcer|tainPersonsandiftheevent
sometimesan|swers,theyconfidentlyaffirm,evenupontheirOath,thattheywereSoulsfromwhomtheyhadit,when
intruththeyarenothingbutIllusionsoftheDevil,pervertingtheirFancywhicherrorhaspossesttheMindsofsome
Persons,abovetheVulgar:thoughithenceappearstheyareallunderadelusionforithapnedsomeYearssince,thatin
aTownwheresomePersonswerefoundob|noxioustotheseaffectsandillusionsoftheDevil,oneMarkAntony,who
waslook'duponasanHonestUprightPerson,nowaygiventospeakUntruths,wasseizedwithit,andoftengavetrue
PredictionsconcerningcertainPersons,especiallysuchaswereneartheirDeaths:thisManbeingsentforbymy
Brother,JohnAntonyAnanias,whoisaPriest,andhecomingtohim,myBrotherask'dhim,whetherwhatwasreported
ofhimweretrue,andhedidnotdenyit,whereuponmyBrotheradvisedhimtoquitthaterroniousOpinion,
Page103
tellinghim,thatthosecouldnotpossiblybetheSoulsoftheDead,butthattheywerede|ceitfulDaemons,andthathe
greatlyoffendedGodingivingCredittothem,whereforehebegg'dhim,thatforGodssake,andthewell|fareofhis
Soul,asheperceivedthatDaemo|naicalseizurecominguponhim,(ashealwaysperceiveditbeforehand)or,whenhe
begantobeseizedwithit,hewouldseriouslypro|testagainstobeyingthemanylonger,andthathewouldearnestly
PraytoGodtoFreehimfromthatDiabolicalDelusionandMadnessofMind.MarkAntonybeingsomewhata|stonished
atwhatwassaidtohim,believedmyBrother,andpromisedhimtofollowhisAdvice,totheutmostofhisPower,and
sowentHome,andwhentheusualDaycame,thathewasobnoxioustothoseIllusions,hewasnotseiz'dwiththem,
andwasveryJoy|ful,andgaveGodthanksforit.ButuponthenextreturnoftheDay,andHour(forhewasnotwontto
beInfestedwiththoseIl|lusionseveryDayoftheWeek,butonlyTuesdaysandThursdays)findinghiswontedseizure
cominguponhim,andthathewascalledbythoseuncleanSpirits,andbeinggreatlyafflictedinMindbytheirSigns,he
cry'doutwithgreatVehemency,thathewouldnolongerfollowthem.Uponwhichoutcry,almostallthePeopleinthe
HousewereAwaken'd,andwenttohim,towhomherelatedallthathadpast,andshew'dhowhewasseverelyBeaten
bythoseSpirits,andfromthattimehewaswhollyfreedfromthemforwhichhegaveGodgreatThanks.
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Note,inReferencetothisRelation,whatiswrittenbyHenryBoguet,aJudgeinCasesofWitchcraft,intheCountryof
St.Claude,inBurgundy,concerningtheparticularNightsonwhichWitcheshavetheirSabbaths,ormeetings.Inhis
DiscourseofWitches,prin|tedinFrench,atLyons,1605.Chap.19.hewritesasfollows.

IformerlythoughtthattheSabbathwasheldonlyThursdayNights,becausealltheWitches,Ihaveseen,haveso
declar'd:butsincethatIhavereadthatsomeofthemhaveconfess'd,theyassembled,sometheNightbetwixtMon|day
andTuesday,sometheNightbetwixtFri|dayandSaturdayotherstheNightpreceedingThursday,orSundaythenceI
haveconclu|ded,thatthereisnoDayprefixtfortheirSab|bath,butthattheWitchesgotoitwhentheDevilrequires
them.Ishalladdhere,thatAntideColes,aWitch,confess'd,shehadbeenattheSabbath,eachgoodDayoftheYear,as
atChristmas,Easter,andthelikeHolidays.SofarBoguet.
ConformablytotheRelationofLaurentiusAnanias,Ihavebeenwellinform'dofaWo|maninGloucestershire,who,
whenanyPersonoftheNeighbourhoodwastakenIll,wouldgenerallypredicttheirDeath,orrecovery,andwasmuch
resortedtoonthatAccountatlengthshewasseized,andhadtoanAssizesatGluster,concerningthisFactwhere
beingask'dbytheJudge,howshecamebyherknowledge,astotheDeathorRecoveryofPer|sonssickshetoldhim,
shecouldgivenoo|therAccountofit,butthatwhenanyPerson
Page501
wassick,andshehadaMindtoknowtheIssue,aJuryofFairiescametoherintheNighttime,whoconsider'dofthe
Matterandifafterwardstheylook'dcheerful,thePartywouldrecoveriftheylook'dsad,hewoulddie.Nothingelse
beingbroughtagainsttheWoman,shewasclear'd.ThePersonfromwhomIhadthisInformation,wasaJusticeof
PeaceofthatCounty,thenontheBench.AndhereImustsay,thatbeforeIheardthisRelation,orhadreadAnanias,I
sawaJuryofFairies,orGhosts,orwhatyoupleasetocallthem,sum|mon'd,andpassaVerdictonaPersonknownto
me.
Cardantellsus,*ThatGeniisometimesap|pearsadbeforetheDeathsofPersons,andgivesaninstanceinJulianthe
Emperor,whobeingnearClesiphon,andstudyingPhilosophy,sawhisGeniuslookingsad(whomformerlyhehadseen
inFrance,lookingcheerfully,andIknownotwhatVersesforetellingtheDeathofConstantius,andconsequentlyhis
Happiness)andtheHornofAmalthaea,withwhichtheGeniusoftheRepublickwaswonttobedrawn,be|ingshut,and
hisChamberlane,orStewardofhisHouse,goingfromhim,andsothenextDaytheEmperorwaskill'd.
BaptistaFulgosustellsus,ThatsometimestheSpiritsremaininclos'dinHumaneBodies,*buttheirMotionsareso
occult,andtheSensessobound,thatwecannoteasilyknowwhe|therthoseBodiesarealive,ornot:Hencesomeare
saidtoberais'dfromthedead,whowereneverreallydead,experiencehavingshewntheywerestilllivingofthese
Personssomerelatewonderfulthings,asthattheyhadbeenwheretheyneverwerebuttheirSpi|rit
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beingcollectedinitself,comprehends,andseesthosethings,whichbeinginitsusualState,throughvariousdistracted
Thoughts,byreasonoftheCorporealSight,itdoesnotknow.AsSt.Austintestifies,ofoneCurina,wholiv'dinthe
CountryofHippo,inAfrica,andfallingintoanillDistemper,waslook'duponbyallMenasinamannerdead,having
losthisSenses,sothathetooknoFoodandhavingcontinuedinthisStateforsomeDays,hisFriendswouldhave
buriedhim,onlytheyperceiv'dalittlebreathingathisNostrils,butwhenafterwardsallPersonsthoughthimtobe
departed,onasudden,openinghisEyes,hedesir'dthatsomeoneshouldbepresentlysenttoCurina,theBlacksmith,
hisNeighbour,toseehowhedid,andwhenitwasfoundhewasdeadatthatveryhour,heaffirm'd,thathewasled
beforeacertainJudge,whovehe|mentlychidthoseSpiritsbywhomhimselfwasbroughtbeforehim,becausehewould
haveCurinatheBlacksmith,andnothim,andforthatcausehewasrestor'dtoLife.InthisExtasyhesaid,hesaw
Paradise,andmanyotherthingsandamongothers,thathewasbaptiz'dbySt.Austin,atHippo,andhewasadmonish'd
sotobe,becausewhatthenseem'dtobedonewasaVisionthereforebe|ingrestor'dtohisHealth,hehadfulfil'dwhat
hewasadmonish'd.
So,asBonaysteautellsus,TheSpiritofHer|motinus,*asitseem'd,leavinghisBodyasdead,wandredaboutvarious
Places,andafterwardsrelatedthosethingswhichcouldbeknownon|lybythosePersons,whichwerepresenttothe
thingsthemselves.Herodotus,andMaximusTyriuswritethesameofAristaeus.
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Possidoniustellsus,ThatacertainRhodiandying,nominatedsixofhisequals,andsaid,whoshoulddiefirst,who
next,andsoon,andtheEventanswer'dthePrediction.
AVisionwhichhappen'dtotheIngeniousandLearnedDr.Donne,maynotimproperlybehereinserted.Mr.Isaac
Walton,writingtheLifeofthesaidDoctor,tellsus,ThattheDoctorandhisWife,livingwithSirRobertDrury,who
gavethemafreeEntertainmentathisHouseinDrurylaneIthappen'dthattheLordHay,wasbyKingJamessentinan
AmbassytotheFrenchKing,HenrytheFourthwhomSirRobertresolv'dtoaccompany,andingag'dDr.Donnetogo
withthem,whoseWifewasthenwithChildatSirRobert'sHouse.TwoDaysaftertheirarrivalatParis,Dr.Donnewas
leftalone,inthatRoom,inwhichSirRobert,andhe,andsomeotherFriendshaddinedto|gether.TothisplaceSir
Robertreturn'dwith|inhalfanhourandasheleft,sohefoundDr.DonnealonebutinsuchanExtasy,andsoalter'din
hisLooks,asamaz'dSirRoberttobeholdhim,insomuch,thatheearnestlyde|sir'dDr.Donnetodeclarewhathad

befall'nhimintheshorttimeofhisabsence.TowhichDr.DonnewasnotabletomakeapresentAn|swerbutaftera
longandperplextPause,didatlastsay,IhaveseenadreadfulVisionsinceIsawyouIhaveseenmyDearWifepass
twicebymethroughthisRoom,withherHairhang|ingaboutherShoulders,andadeadChildinherArms:thisIhave
seensinceIsawyou.TowhichSirRobertreply'd,sure,Sir,youhavesleptsinceIsawyou,andthisistheresultof
someMelancholyDream,whichIdesireyoutoforget,foryouarenowawake.Towhich
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Dr.Donne'sreplywas,IcannotbesurerthatInowlive,thanthatIhavenotsleptsinceIsawyou,andamassureather
secondappear|ingshestopt,andlook'dmeintheFaceandvanish'd.RestandSleephadnotalter'dDr.Donne'sOpinion
thenextDayforhethenaf|firm'dthisVisionwithamoredeliberate,andsoconfirm'daConfidence,thatheinclin'dSir
Roberttoafaintbelief,thattheVisionwastruewhoimmediatelysentaServanttoDruyHouse,withaChargeto
hast'nback,andbringhimwordwhetherMrs.Donnewerealiveandifalive,inwhatConditionshewasastoher
HealththeTwelfthDaytheMes|sengerreturn'dwiththisAccount:ThathefoundandleftMrs.Donneverysad,and
sickinBedandthatafteralonganddangerousLabour,shehadbeendeliver'dofadeadChildanduponExamination
theAbortionprov'dtobethesameDay,andabouttheveryhourthatDr.Donneaffirm'dhesawherpassbyinhis
Chamber.Mr.Waltonadds,ThisisaRelationwhichwillbegetsomewonder,andwellitmay,formostofourWorldare
atpresentpossess'dwithanOpinion,thatVisionsandMiraclesareceas'dandthough'tismostcer|tain,thattwoLutes,
beingbothstrungandtun'dtoanequalpitch,andthenoneplay'dupon,theother,thatisnottouch'd,beinglay'dupona
TableatafitDistance,will(likeanEcchotoaTrumpet)warbleafaintaudibleHarmony,inAnswertothesametune,
yetmanywillnotbelievethatthereisanysuchthingasaSympathywithSouls,&c.
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AnAncient,andLearnedGentleman,nowliving,andwellknowninLondon,hastoldme,thatbeingataWidow
Gentlewoman'sHouse,aboutsevenMilesfromLondon,oneDayaboutthreeoftheClockintheAfter|noon,heretir'dto
hisChamberwherehehadnotlongbeen,butastrangeLight,suchashehadneverseenbefore,appear'dintheRoom,
inwhichLight,hesawaChildoftheGentlewomanoftheHouse,whichhadbeenleftsickinLondon,lyedead,asalso
aFriendofhisownhewasmuchsurpriz'datthis,andafterthethingwasover,hewentdownfromhisChambertothe
GentlewomanoftheHouseandashehadbeendesir'dtocometho'nextDay,totheHouseofaLady,wholiv'dinthe
sameParish,hedesir'dtheforesaidGen|tlewomantosendwordtotheLady,thathecouldnotwaitonherthenextDay,
ashehadpromis'd,forheknewthatboththesaidGentlewomanandhimselfshouldbesentfortoLondonandthenhe
toldtheGentlewo|manwhathadpass'dandinawhileaCoachcameforthemfromLondonaccordingly.Thesame
Gentlemantoldme,thatuponhisfal|lingintoaTranceatCambridge,hesawalsoaFriendofhisdeadinLondon,who
uponen|quirywasfoundtohavediedjustatthetimehesawhim.

CardangivesaRelationsomewhatofthisNatureasfollows:*MyKinsmanBaptistaCar|dan,studyingatPavia,ona
certainNighttryedtomakealittleFireasherose,andintheinterimheardaVoicesay,farewelmySon,Iamgoingto
RomeandhesawavastSplen|dor,asthatofabundleofStrawallonFirebeingaffrighted,andthrowingbytheFire
Shovel,
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hehidhimselfunderhisBedcloaths,tillhisSchoolfellowsreturn'dfromtheAca|demyupontheirreturn,thinking
himtobesick,theyknock'dathisDoor,heopen'dit,andtheyaskinghimthecauseofhisstaythere,heanswer'd,he
thoughthisMotherwasdead,andtoldthemwhathehadseenandheard,andweptwithal:Theyturn'dthethingtoa
Jest,somelaughingathim,somecomfortinghimtheDayfollowing,havingheardno|thingofhisMother'ssickness,he
wascertify|edofherDeath,andthatsheexpir'datthatveryhourthatheperceiv'dthosethings.TheTownCardanis
distantTwoandFortyMilesfromPavia.ThatManwasnotgiventoLyes,vainorsuperstitious,andwhosaidhehad
ne|verseen,orheardanypreternaturalthingtillthen.
ABooknewlycomingtomyHands,whichcontainsamoreparticularAccount,insomerespects,oftheSecondsightin
Scotland,thananyIhavemetwith,IshallgiveheresomeAc|countofit.
Mr.M.Martin,PrintedthelastYearinLon|don,aBookin8o.intitl'd,ADescriptionoftheWesternIslesofScotland,
call'dbytheancientGeographersHebrides.ItcontainsmanycuriousParticulars,relatingtotheNaturalandCivil
HistoryofthoseIslands,withaMapofthem,andinhisPrefacehetellsus,thatperhapsitspeculiartothoseIsles,that
theyhaveneverbeendescrib'dtillnowbyanyMan,thatwasaNativeoftheCountry,orhadtravell'dthem,ashimself
hasdoneandintheConclusionofthesaidPreface,hetellsus,hehasgiv'nheresuchanAccountoftheSecondsight,
astheNatureofthethingwillbear,andwhichhas
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alwaysbeenreckon'dsufficientamongtheun|byass'dpartofMankindbutforthosethatwillnotbesosatisfyed,they
oughttoobligeuswithanewScheme,bywhichwemayjudgeofMattersofFact.Thechiefparticu|larshehasgiv'nus
concerningtheSecondsightare,inaChapterbyitself,asfollows.
I.IntheSecondsighttheVisionmakessuchalivelyImpressionontheSeers,thattheynei|thersee,northinkofany
thingelse,buttheVision,aslongasitcontinuesandthentheyappearpensive,orjovial,accordingtotheObject,which
waspresentedtothem.
II.AtthesightofaVision,theEyelidsofthePersonareerected,andtheEyescontinuestaringtilltheObjectvanish,as
hasoftenbeenobserv'dbytheAuthor,andotherspresent.

III.ThereisoneinSkye,anAcquaintanceofwhomobserv'd,thatwhenheseesaVi|sion,theinnerpartofhisEyelids
turnssofarupwards,thataftertheObjectdisappears,hemustdrawthemdownwithhisFingersandsometimes
employsotherstodrawthemdown,whichhefindstobemuchtheeasierway.
IV.ThefacultyoftheSecondsightdoesnotlineallydescendinaFamily,assomeimagine,forheknowsseveralParents
thatareendow'dwithit,butnottheirChildrenandsoonthecontrary,neitherisitacquir'dbyanypreviouscompact
andafterastrictenquiry,hecouldneverlearnfromanyamongthem,thatthisfacultywascommunicableanyway
whatso|ever.
Note,ThatthisAccountisdifferingfromtheAccountgiv'nbeforefromMr.Aubrey.AndIthinkMr.Martin'sreason
hereagainstthedescentofthisfacultyfromParentsto
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Children,isnotgenerallyconclusive,fortho'hemayknowParentsendow'dwithit,andnotChildren,andsoonthe
contrary,yettheremaybeParentswhoareendow'dwithit,beingqualifyedasMr.Aubreyhassaid,(viz.bothbeing
Secondsighted)whoseChildrenmayhaveitbydescent.Andastothisfaculty'sbeinganyotherwayscommunicable,
(sincetheAccountsdiffer)Imustleaveittoafar|therExamination.
V.TheSeerknowsneithertheobject,time,norplaceofaVisionbeforeitappears,andthesameObjectisoftenseenby
differentPersons,livingataconsiderabledistancefromoneanother.Thetruewayofjudging,astothetime,and
circumstanceofanObject,isbyObservationforseveralPersonsofJudg|ment,withoutthisfaculty,aremorecapa|ble
tojudgeofthedesignofaVision,thanaNovicethatisaSeer.AsanObjectappearsintheDayorNight,itwillcometo
passsoonerorlateraccordingly.
VI.IfanObjectbeseenearlyintheMorn|ing(whichisnotfrequent)itwillbeaccom|plish'dinafewHoursafterwards:
IfatNoon,itwillcommonlybeaccomplish'dthatveryDay:IfintheEvening,perhapsthatNight:ifafterCandlesbe
lighted,itwillbeaccom|plish'dthatNight:it'slateralwaysinaccom|plishmentbyWeeks,Months,andsometimes
Years,accordingtothetimeoftheNighttheVisionisseen.
VII.WhenaShroudisperceiv'daboutone,it'sasurePrognostickofDeaththetimeisjudg'daccordingtotheheightof
it,aboutthePersonforifitbenotseenabovethemid|dle,Deathisnottobeexpectedforthespace
Page113
ofaYear,andperhapssomeMonthslongerandasitisfrequentlyseentoascendhighertowardstheHead,Deathis
concludedtobeatHandwithinafewDays,ifnotHours,asdailyExperienceconfirms.Examplesofthiskindwere

showntheAuthor,whenthePersonsofwhomtheObservationsweremade,enjoy'dperfectHealth.
TherewasoneinstancelatelyofaPredicti|oninthiskindbyaSeer,thatwasaNovice,con|cerningtheDeathofoneof
theAuthor'sAc|quaintancethiswascommunicatedtoafewonly,andwithgreatConfidencetheAuthorbeingoneof
theNumber,didnotintheleastregardit,tilltheDeathofthePerson,aboutthetimeforetold,confirm'dtohim,the
cer|taintyofthePredictiontheforesaidNoviceisnowaskilfulSeer,asappearsfrommanylateinstances:helivesin
theParishofSt.Mary's,themostNortherninSkye.
VIII.IfaWomanbeseenstandingataMan'sleftHand,it'sapresagethatshewillbehisWife,whethertheyare
Marryedtoo|thers,orUnmarryedatthetimeoftheAppa|rition.IftwoorthreeWomenareseenatoncestandingneara
Man'sleftHand,shethatisnexthimwillundoubtedlybehisWifefirst,andsoon,whetherallthree,ortheManbe
single,orMarryedatthetimeoftheVision,ornot,ofwhichthereareseverallateinstan|cesoftheAuthor's
Acquaintance.It'sanor|dinarythingforthemtoseeaManthatistocometotheHouseshortlyafterandifhebenotof
theSeer'sAcquaintance,yethegivessuchalivelyDescriptionofhisStature,Complexion,Habit,&c.thatuponhis
Arri|valheAnswerstheCharactergiv'nofhim,in
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allrespects.IfthePersonsoappearingbeoneoftheSeer'sAcquaintance,hecantellbyhisCountenancewhetherhe
comesingoodorbadHumour.TheAuthorhasbeenseenthusbySeersofbothSexes,atsomeHundredsofMiles
distance:Somethatsawhiminthisman|ner,hadneverseenhimPersonally,andithappen'daccordingtotheirVisions,
withoutanypreviousDesignofhistogotothosepla|ces,hiscomingtherebeingpurelyAccidental.Andinthe19th
PageofhisBook,hetellsus,thatMr.DanielMorison,aMinister,toldhim,thatuponhisLandingintheIslandRona,
theNativesreceiv'dhimveryaffectionately,andAddress'dthemselvestohimwiththisSaluta|tion.Godsaveyou,
Pilgrim!youarehear|tilywelcomehere,forwehavehadrepeatedApparitionsofyourPersonamongus,viz.af|terthe
manneroftheSecondSight.
IX.It'sordinarywiththemtoseeHouses,Gardens,andTrees,inplacesvoidofallthree,andthisinProcessoftime
usestobeaccomplish'dofwhichhegivesaninstanceintheIslandofSkye.
X.ToseeasparkofFirefallupononesArm,orBreast,isaforerunnerofadeadChildtobeseenintheArmsofthose
Persons,ofwhichthereareseveralfreshInstances.
ToseeaSeatemptyatthetimeofonessittinginit,isapresageofthatPersonsDeathquicklyafter.
WhenaNovice,oronethathaslatelyob|tain'dtheSecondsight,seesaVisionintheNighttimewithoutDoors,and
comesnearaFire,hepresentlyfallsintoaSwoon.

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Somefindthemselves,asitwere,inacrowdofPeople,havingaCorpswhichtheycarryalongwiththemandafter
suchVisionstheSeerscomeinsweating,anddescribethePeo|plethatappear'difthereareanyoftheirAcquaintance
amongthem,theygiveanAc|countoftheirNames,andalsooftheBearers,buttheyknownothingconcerningthe
Corps.
AllthosethathavetheSecondsight,donotalwaysseetheseVisionsatonce,thoughtheyaretogetheratthetimebutif
onewhohasthisfacultydesignedlytouchhisFellowSeer,attheinstantofaVisionsappearing,thenthese|condseesit
aswellasthefirst.
XI.ThereisawayofforetellingDeath,byaCry,thattheycallTaisk,whichsomecallaWrath,intheLowland.They
hearaloudCrywithoutDoors,exactlyresemblingtheVoiceofsomeparticularPerson,whoseDeathisforetoldbyit
ofwhichhegivesalatein|stancewhichhappen'dintheVillageRigg,inSkyeIsle.
XII.ThingsarealsoforetoldbySmellingsometimes,asfollows:Fish,orFleshisfre|quentlysmeltintheFire,whenat
thesametimeneitherofthetwoareintheHouse,or,inanyprobabilityliketobehadinit,forsomeWeeks,orMonths.
ThissmellseveralPersonshave,whoareenduedwiththeSecondsight,anditsalwaysaccomplish'dsoonafter.
XIII.Children,Horses,andCows,havetheSecondsight,aswellasMenandWomenad|vanc'dinYears.
ThatChildrenseeitisplain,fromtheircry|ingaloudattheveryinstant,thataCorps,oranyotherVisionappearstoan
ordinarySeer:Of
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whichhegivesaninstanceinaChild,whenhimselfwaspresent.
ThatHorsessee,it'slikewiseplain,fromtheirviolentandsuddenstarting,whentheRi|der,orSeer,inCompanywith
them,seesaVisionofanykind,NightorDayit'sobser|vableofanHorsethathewillnotgoforwardthatway,tillhe
beledaboutatsomedi|stancefromthecommonRoad,andthenheisinasweathegivesaninstanceofthisinan
Horse,intheIsleofSkye.
ThatCowshavetheSecondsight,appearsfromthisthatifaWomanMilkingaCow,hap|penstoseeaVisionbythe
Secondsight,theCowrunsawayinagreatfrightatthesametime,andwillnotbepacifyedforsometimeafter.
Inreferencetothis,Paracelsus,Tom.9.l.deArtepraesag,writesthus,HorsesalsohavetheirAuguries,whoperceive
bythesightandsmellwandringSpiris,WitchesandSpectres,andthelikethingsandDogs,bothseeandhearthesame

things.
Here,inthenextplace,theAuthoranswersObjectionsthathavelatelybeenmadeagainsttherealityoftheSecond
sight.
First,It'sobjected,thattheseSeersareVi|sionary,andMelancholyPeople,whofancytheyseethingsthatdonotappear
tothem,oranyBodyelse.
HeAnswers,ThePeopleoftheseIsles,andparticularlytheSeersareveryTemperate,andtheirDietisSimpleand
Moderate,inQuanti|tyandQualitysothattheirBrainsarenot,inallProbabilitydisorder'dbyUndigestedfumesof
Meat,orDrink.BothSexesarefreefromHysterickFits,Convulsions,andseve|ral
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otherDistempersofthatsort.TherearenoMadmenamongthem,noranyinstanceofselfMurther.It'sobserv'damong
them,thataMandrunkneverhasaVisionoftheSe|condsight.AndhethatisaVisionary,woulddiscoverhimselfin
otherthings,aswellasinthatnoraresuchashavetheSecondsight,judg'dtobeVisionariesbyanyoftheirFriends,or
Acquaintance.
Secondly,It'sobjected,ThattherearenoneamongtheLearned,abletoobligetheWorld,withasatisfactoryAccountof
theseVisions,thereforetheyarenottobebeliev'd.
HeAnswers,IfeverythingforwhichtheLearnedarenotabletogiveaSatisfactoryac|count,shallbecondemn'das
FalseandIm|possible,weshallfindmanyotherthings,ge|nerallybeliev'd,whichmustberejectedassuch.
Thirdly,It'sobjected,ThattheSeersareIm|postors,andthePeoplewhobelievethemareCredulous,andeasilyimpos'd
upon.
HeAnswers,TheSeersaregenerallyIllite|rate,andwellmeaningPeople,andaltoge|thervoidofDesign,norcouldhe
everlearnthatanyofthemmadetheleastgainofitneitherisitreputableamongthemtohavethatfaculty:beside,the
PeopleoftheIslesarenotsoCredulous,astobelieveanImpossibility,beforethethingforetoldbeaccomplish'd,but
whenitactuallycomestopass,afterwardsitisnotintheirPowertodenyit,withoutof|feringViolencetotheirSenses
andReasonbeside,iftheSeerswereDeceivers,canitbereasonabletoimagine,thatalltheIslanders,whohavenotthe
Secondsight,shouldcombinetogether,andofferViolencetotheirUnder|standings
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andSenses,toforcethemselvstobe|lieveaLyefromAgetoAge?ThereareseveralPersonsamongthem,whoseBirth
andEducationraisethemabovethesuspicionofconcurringwithanImposter,merelytogra|tifyanilliterateand
contemptiblesortofPersons.NorcanareasonableManbelieve,thatChildren,Horses,andCowscouldbeingagedina
combinationtoperswadetheWorldoftherealityoftheSecondSight.
EveryVisionthatisseen,comesexactlytopass,accordingtotheRulesofObservation,tho'Novicesandheedless
Personsdonotal|waysjudgebythoseRules:concerningwhichhegivesInstances.
ThereareVisionsseenbyseveralPersons,inwhosedaystheyarenotaccomplished:andthisisoneofthereasons,why
somethingshavebeenseen,thataresaidnevertohavecometopassandtherearealsoseveralVisionsseen,whichare
notunderstoodtilltheyareaccomplish'd.
TheSecondSightisnotalatediscovery,seenbyoneortwoinaCorner,oraremoteIsle,butitsseenbymanyPersons,
ofbothSexes,inseveralIsles,separatedaboutFortyorFiftyLeaguesfromoneanothertheInha|bitantsofmanyof
theseIsles,neverhadtheleastConverse,byWordorWriting:andthisfacultyofSeeingVisions,havingcon|tinued,as
weareinformedbyTradition,eversincethePlantationoftheseIsles,with|outbeingdisprov'dbytheNicestSceptick,
afterthestrictestEnquiry,seemstobeaclearproofofitsReality.
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It'sobservable,thatitwasmuchmorecom|monTwentyYearsago,thanatpresentforOneinTendoesnotseeitnow,
thatsawitthen.
TheSecondSightisnotconfin'dtotheWe|sternIslesalone,theAuthorhavinganAc|count,thatitslikewiseinseveral
partsofHolland,butparticularlyinBommel,whereaWomanhasit,forwhichsheiscourtedbysome,anddreadedby
others.SheseesaSmoakaboutonesFace,whichisaforerun|neroftheDeathofaPersonsoseen,andsheactually
foretoldtheDeathsofseveralthatlivedthereshewaslivinginthatTownthislastWinter.

TheSecondSightislikewiseintheIsleofMan,asappearsbythisInstanceCaptainLeaths,thechiefCommanderof
Belfast,inhisVoyage1690,lostThirteenMenbyaviolentStorm,anduponhisLandingintheIsleofMan,anAncient
Man,ClerktoaPa|rishthere,toldhimimmediately,thathehadlostThirteenMentheCaptainenquiredhowhecame
totheknowledgeofthat,heanswered,thatitwasbyThirteenLights,whichhehadseencomeintotheChurchyardas
Mr.Sachevereltellsus,inhislatedescriptionoftheIsleofMan.Note,ThatthisislikethesightoftheCorpsCandles
inWales,whichisalsowellattested.
HeretheAuthoraddsmanyotherInstan|cesconcerningtheSecondSight,ofwhichIshallsetdownonlyafew.
AManinKnockow,intheParishofSt.Mary's,theNorthermostpartofSkye,beinginperfectHealth,andsittingwith
hisfellowServants,atNight,wasonasuddentakenIll,dropt
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fromhisSeatbackward,andthenfellaVo|miting,atwhichtheFamilywasmuchcon|cern'd,hehavingneverbeen
subjecttothelikebeforebuthecametohimselfsoonafter,andhadnosortofPainabouthim.OneoftheFamilywho
wasaccustom'dtoseetheSecondSight,toldthemthattheMan'sIllnessproceededfromaverystrangecause,which
wasthus.AnillnaturedWoman(whomhenamed)wholivesinthenextadjacentVil|lageofBornskittag,camebefore
himinaveryfuriousandangrymanner,herCounte|nancefullofPassion,andherMouthfullofReproaches,and
threatnedhimwithherHeadandHands,tillhefellover,asyouhaveseenhim.ThisWomanhadaFancyfortheMan,
butwasliketobedisappointedastoherMarryingofhim.ThisInstancewastoldtheAuthorbytheMasterofthe
Family,andotherswhowerepresentwhenithappened.
SirNormanMacklead,andsomeothers,Play|ingatTables,ataGamecall'dinIrish,Fal|mermore,whereinthereare
ThreeofaSide,andeachofthemthrowtheDicebyturns,therehappenedtobeonedifficultPointinthedisposingof
oneoftheTablementhisobligedtheGamestertodeliberatebeforehewastochangehisMan,sinceuponthe
disposingofit,theWinningorLosingoftheGamede|pendedatlengththeButler,whostoodbe|hind,advisedthe
Player,wheretoplacehisMan,withwhichhecomply'd,andwontheGame.Thisbeingthoughtextraordinary,andSir
NormanhearingoneWhisperhimintheEar,ask'dwhoadvisedhimsoskilfully?heanswer'ditwastheButlerbutthis
seem'dmorestrange,forhecouldnotPlayatTables.
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UponthisSirNormanask'dhimhowlongitwassincehehadlearnttoPlay?andtheFellowown'dthathehadnever
Play'dinhisLife,butthathesawtheSpiritBrownie(aSpiritusuallyseeninthatCountry)reachinghisArmoverthe
PlayersHead,andtouchingthepartwithhisFinger,onthePointwheretheTablemanwastobeplac'd.Thiswastold
theAuthorbySirNormanandothers,whohappen'dtobepresentatthetime.

DanielBow,aliasBlack,anInhabitantofBornskittag,whoisoneoftheprecisestSeersintheIsles,foretoldthedeathof
ayoungWoman,inMinginis,withinlessthan24Hoursbeforethetime,andaccordinglysheDiedsuddenlyinthe
Fieldstho'atthetimeofthePredictionshewasinperfectHealthbuttheShroudappearingcloseaboutherHead,was
thegroundofhisConfidence,thatherDeathwasathand.
ThesamePerson,foretoldtheDeathofaChildinhisMaster'sArms,byseeingasparkofFirefallonhisLeftArm:and
thiswaslikewiseaccomplish'dsoonafterthePredicti|on.
SomeoftheInhabitantsofHarries,Sail|ingroundtheIsleofSky,withadesigntogototheoppositeMainland,were
strangelysurprisedwithanApparitionofTwoMenHangingdownbytheRopesthatsecuredtheMast,butcouldnot
conjecturewhatitmeanttheypursuedtheirVoyage,buttheWindturningcontrary,theywereforcedintoBroad|ford,in
theIsleofSkye,wheretheyfoundSirDonaldMacDonaldkeepingaSheriffsCourt,andTwoCriminalsreceiving
SentenceofDeaththeretheRopesandMastofthat
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veryBoatweremadeuseoftoHangthoseCriminals.ThiswastoldtheAuthorbyseveralwhohadthisInstancerelated
thembytheBoat'sCrew.
SeveralPersons,livinginacertainFamily,toldtheAuthorthattheyhadfrequentlyseentwoMenstandingata
Gentlewoman'sLeftHand,whowastheirMaster'sDaughtertheytoldtheMensNames,andbeingherequalsitwasnot
doubtedbutshewouldbeMarry'dtooneofthemandperhapstotheother,aftertheDeathoftheFirst.Sometimeafter,
aThirdManappeared,whoseemedalwaystostandnearesttoheroftheThree,buttheSeersdidnotknowhim,tho'
theycoulddescribehimexactlyandwithinsomeMonthsafter,thisManwhowasseenlast,actuallycametothe
House,andfullyan|swer'dthedescriptiongivenofhimbythosewhoneversawhim,butinaVision,andheMarry'd
theWomanshortlyafter:theyliveintheIsleofSkye,andboththemselvesandothersconfirm'dthetruthofthis
Instance,whentheAuthorsawthem.
ArchibaldMacDonald,oftheParishofSt.Mary'sintheIsleofSkye,beingreputedfamousforhisSkillinforetelling
thingstocome,bytheSecondSight,hapningtobeintheVillageKnockowoneNight,andbeforeSupper,toldthe
FamilythathehadjustthenseenthestrangestthingheeversawinhisLife,viz.aMan,withanuglylongCap,always
shakinghisHeadbutthatthestrangestofallwasalittlekindofanHarp,whichhehad,withFourStringsonly,andthat
ithadTwoHart'sHornsfixtinthefrontofit:allthatheardthisoddVisionsella
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LaughingatArchibald,tellinghimthathewasDreaming,orhadnothisWitsabouthim,sincehepretendedtoseea
thingwhichhadnobeing,andwasnotsomuchasheardofinanypartoftheWorld.AllthiscouldnotalterArchibald's
Opinion,whotoldthem,thattheymustexcusehim,ifheLaughtatthemaftertheaccomplishmentoftheVision.
ArchibaldreturnedtohisownHouse,andwithinThreeorFourDaysafter,aManwithaCap,Harp,&c.cametothe
House,andtheHarp,Strings,HornsandCapanswer'd,thedescriptionofthematfirstview,andheshookhisHead
whenheplay'dforhehadTwoBellsfixedtohisCap.ThisHarperwasaPoorMan,whomadehimselfaBuffoonfor
hisBread,andwasneverseenbeforeinthoseparts,andatthetimeofthePredictionhewasintheIsleofBarraywhich
isaboutTwentyLeaguesdistantfromthatpartofSkye.ThisRelationisVouch'dbyMr.DanielMartin,andallhis
Family,andsuchaswerethenpresent,andliveintheVillagewherethishappened.
OneDanielNicholson,MinisterofSt.Mary'sinSkye,theParishinwhichMr.ArchibaldMacDonaldliv'd,toldthe
Author,thatoneSunday,afterSermon,attheChappelUge,hetookanoccasiontoinquireofArchibald,ifhestill
retainedthatunhappyFacultyofSeeingtheSecondSight,andwish'dhimtogetridofit,ifpossible,forsaidhe,it'sno
trueCharacterofaGoodMan.Archibaldwashighlydispleased,andansweredthathehop'dhwasnomoreunhappy
thanhisNeighbours,forseeingwhattheycouldnotperceive.Ihad,saidhe,asseriousToughtsas
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myNeighbours,intimeofhearingaSermontoDay,andeventhenIsawaCorpslay'dontheGroundclosetothe
PulpitandIassureyouitwillbeaccomplish'dshortly,foritwasintheDaytime.TherewerenoneintheParishthen
Sick,andfewareburiedatthatlittleChappel,naysometimesnotoneinaYear.YetwhenMr.Nicholsonreturn'dto
PreachinthesaidChappel,aFortnight,orThreeWeeksafter,hefoundoneburiedintheverySpot,namedby
Archibald.ThisStoryisVouch'dbyMr.Nicholson,andseveraloftheParishionersstillliving.
Note,Thatit'sanArgumentofsomewhatEvil,attendingthisfacultyoftheSecondSight,becausethereareInstances
givenofsomePersons,whohavebeenfreedofit,uponusingsomeChristianPractices.
SirNormanMacLead,whohashisResidenceintheIsleofBernera,whichliesbetweentheIslesofN.Vistand
Harries,wenttotheIsleofSkyeaboutBusiness,withoutappointinganytimeforhisreturnhisServantsinhisab|sence,
beingalltogetherinthelargeHallatNight,oneofthem,whohadtheSecondSight,toldtheresttheymustremove,for
therewouldbeabundanceofotherCompanyintheHallthatNightoneofhisFellowSer|vantsanswered,thatthere
wasverylittlelikelyhoodofthat,becauseoftheDarknessoftheNight,andthedangerofcomingthro'theRocks,that
lieroundtheIsle:butwithinanHourafter,oneofSirNorman'sMencametotheHouse,biddingthempro|videLights,
&c.forhisMasterhadnewlyLanded.
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SirNormanbeingtoldofthis,call'dfortheSeer,andexaminedhimaboutitheanswer'd,thathehadseentheSpirit
Brownie,inhu|maneshape,comeseveraltimes,andmakeashewofcarryinganOldWomanthatsatebytheFire,tothe
Door,andatlast,seem'dtocarryheroutbyNeckandHeels,whichmadehimLaughheartily,andgaveoccasiontothe
resttoconcludehimMad,toLaughsomuchwithoutanyreason.ThisInstancewastoldtheAuthorbySirNorman
him|self.
FourMenfromtheIsleofSkyeandHarries,wenttoBarbadoes,andstay'dtheresomeYears,whotho'theyhadwontto
seetheSecondSightintheirNativeCountrey,neversawitinBarbadoesbutupontheirreturntoEng|land,theFirst
NightaftertheirLanding,theysawtheSecondSightastheAuthorwastoldbyseveraloftheirAcquaintance.
JohnMorison,wholivesinBerneraofHar|ries,wearsthePlantcalledFugaDaemonum,SewedintheNeckofhis
Coat,topreventhisseeingofVisions,andsays,heneversawanysincehefirstcarry'dthatPlantabouthim.
ASpirit,bytheCountryPeoplecall'dBrownie,wasfrequentlyseeninallthemostconsiderableFamiliesintheIsles,
andNorthofScotland,intheshapeofatallMan,havingverylongbrownHair:butwith|inthese20Yearspast,hehas
beenseenbutrarely.
TherewereSpiritsalsothatappearedintheshapeofWomen,Horses,Swine,Cats,andsomelikeFieryBalls,which
wouldfol|lowMenintheFieldsbuttherehavebeen
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butfewInstancesofthesefor40Yearspast.
TheseSpiritsus'dalsotoformsoundsintheAir,resemblingthoseofanHarp,Pipes,thecrowingofaCock,andofthe
grindingofHandMills:andsometimesVoiceshavebeenheardintheAiratNight,SingingIrishSongsthewordsof
whichSongssomeoftheAuthor'sAcquaintancestillretainoneofthemresem|bledtheVoiceofaWoman,whodied
sometimebefore,andtheSongrelatedtoherStateintheotherWorld.TheseAccountstheAu|thorsays,hehadfrom
PersonsofasgreatIntegrity,asanyareintheWorld.SofarMr.Martin.
AsforSoundsintheAirresemblingthatofMusicalInstruments,crowingsofaCock,Singing,&c.Ihaveoftenheard
themmyself.
Inmyreading,IhavemetwithmanywellattestedInstances,whichmaystronglyinduceabeliefofwhatissaid
concerningtheSe|condsight:OfwhichInstancesIshallheregiveafew.
Sicillus,anHeraldtoAlphonsusKingofAra|gon,inhisBookentitl'd,LeBlasondesCouleurs,writesthus:Thereisa
TowninItaly,call'dTeridon,wherethisMiracleiswonttohappen,ifanyCitizenorLabourerbetodiethatYear,when

helabourshisField,thereclear|lyappearsagreateffusionofBlood,andtheBloodsignifiesanearensuingDeathofthe
PossessorofthatField.
TheLordHenryHoward,intheBookhewritagainstSuppos'dProphesies,*writesthus.
Itchanc'd,aftertheDeceaseofacertainhonestGent.(whomIforbeartoNameinsomeRespects)theDevilappearing
(soheExpressesitfirsttooneofhisDaughters,inhiswonted
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shape,andwithaVoiceandCountenancean|swerableandsoagaintoanother,hebroughttheYoungWomanintoso
strangeaCondi|tion,thatitwouldhavegriev'danyMantohaveseenthemandthisseem'dstrangewith|al,thatatthe
timehisAppearancehauntedthem,theycouldaswelltellwhocameintotheHouse,whattheysaidanddid,&c.asany
thatwerepresentintheirCompanies.ThelikeStory,foralltheWorld,iswrittenofHieronymoanItalian,andlikewise
ofoneoftheGreekEmperors.SofartheLordHowardwhoIthinkmaybelook'duponasanunexcepti|onable
Testimony,intheStoryherelatesofhisownKnowledge,hehavingotherwiselit|tleFaithinthingsofthiskind.
TheLearnedCamerariuswritesthus:*IcouldeasilyName,andshewaManlivinginmyNeighbourhood,whileIwrite
this,whofor|merlyhavingbeenFamousforhisMannage|mentofSeriousAffairs,aswellasotherways,hasnowfor
manyYearsbeenkeptunderaGuard,becausenowandthen,forcertainintervalsoftime,heisactedbyawonderful
andtroublesomeSpiritforhedoesnotonly(wheninasedateMind)callmanythatcometohim(thoughStrangersand
suchashehadneverseenbefore)bytheirproperNames,andtalktothemPleasantlyconcerningtheirParents,
Relations,andtheCoatsofArmsoftheirFamilies,andthisasFamiliarlyastho'hehadbeenalongtimeConversant
withthem(andwhichhedidtomyself)andifhebeinatroubl'dState,mixesFalseandOb|scenethingswithwhathe
saysbutalsosome|timeshespeaksanddoesotherunusualandstrangethingsparticularlyitwasobserv'd,
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thatsomeYearssince,aboutthatverytimethatCisparCastalion,AdmiralofFrance,withhisSoninLaw,andmany
NoblemenofhisReligion,werebysurprizekill'dintheirBedsatParis,hehadwonderfulVisions,fromwhichitmight
havebeengather'd,thatsomecruelEnterprizewassomewherecontriv'dandexe|cuted.Amongotherthings,thevery
NightofthatcruelButcherymadeatParis,heof|tencry'dout,allisinBloodandalittleaf|ter,see,see,whatgreat
TroopsofDevilsdoIseewandringintheAir,oneveryside,co|mingfromseveralremoteParts,Congratula|tingeach
other,andskippingforJoy,astho'theyhadexecutedsomestrangeandcruelEn|terprize,longdesir'dbythembuthe
added,cryingout,thatallthosethingswereactedoutofGermany.

IthinkthisagreatinstancefromaLearnedManandifanyMencansatisfiethemselveswithAristotle,tosolveFactsof
thisNature,bysaying,theyareOperationsofMelancho|ly,IleavethemtotheirFancies.IfthisFact,andothersset
downbeforebymemaybere|ceiv'dasaTruth,IseenotwhatdifficultytheremaybeinadmittingforaTruth,whatis
reportedofApolloniusTyanaeus,viz.thatashewasdisputinginanopenAuditoryatEphe|sus,hecry'doutona
sudden,thathesawDo|mitianstab'datRome,attheverytimethatitwasdone.
Togiveoneinstancenearerhome.Thereliv'dnotmanyYearssince,averyagedGen|tlewoman,inLondon,inWater
Lane,byFleetStreet,whoseNamewasPight,whowasendow'dwithaProphetickSpirit,shewasverywellknownto
manyPersons,ofmyAcquaintance,
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nowlivinginLondon.Amongothers,aGen|tleman,whoseCandorIcannowaysuspect,hastoldme,thatheoften
resortedtoher,astoanOracleandthatassoonashecamein|toherPresence,shewouldusuallytellhim,thatsheknew
hewascoming,forthatshehadseenhisSpiritforsometimebefore:Andwith|outhissayinganythingtoher,she
wouldcommonlytellhim,whattheBusinesswas,whichhecametoconsultherabout,andwhattheEventofitwould
be:Whichhealwaysfoundtofallout,asshesaidandmanyotherPersons,nowlivingcantestifiethelikeEx|perience
ofher,astothemselves.
Joan.MarcusMarci,*inhisPhilos.vet.Restitu|ta,tellusofaBoyseiz'dwiththePlagueatRome,whobeingthought
dead,onasuddencametohimselfandcallinghisMaster,toldhimhehadreallybeeninHeaven,andtherehad
understoodhowmany,andwhoweretodieouttheHouse,andnamingthemheaffirm'dhisMastarshouldsurvive,and
tocreateabe|liefofwhathesaid,heshew'dthathehadlearn'dallLanguagesandpresentlythereup|onspakeinGreek
withhisMasterhemadeaTryalalsoinotherTongues,byconversingwiththosewhowereskill'dinthem,whereas
beforehehadonlylearn'dtheRomanLanguageandwhenhehadliv'dthusthreeDays,fallingintoaRage,helay'd
holdofhisHandswithhisTeeth,andreallydiedandtheotherswhomhehadnam'ddied,hisMasterremainingalive.
TotheforegoingAccountoftheSecondSightedPersonsinScotland,Ishallsubjoinathingnolessstrange,viz.An
AccountoftheSpecrsightedPersonsinNewEnglandsocall'd,be|causeupontheirbeingseiz'dwithstrangeFits,as
ofWeeping,Laughing,Roaring,Convul|sions,
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violentAgitations,&c.theywerewonttoseetheSpectresofthosePersons,whotheysaidtormentedthem.
Mr.CottonMather,aMinisterofNewEng|land,inhisRelationoftheWondersofthein|visibleWorld,insertedinhis
EcclesiasticlHisto|ryofthatCountry,PrintedinLondon,An.1702.infol.hasgiv'nusseveralInstancesofthiskind,as

alsoofmanyotherDiabolicalOperations.AndMr.RobertCalef,aMerchentofBoston,inNewEngland,hasgiv'nusa
prettyfullAc|countofthesame,inhisBook,intitl'd,MorewondersoftheinvisibleWorld,or,Thewondersofthe
invisibleWorlddisplay'd,infiveParts,Prin|tedinLondon,An.1700in4o.AndwhereasthesetwoAuthorsseemto
differinOpinion,theformerthinkingthingstohavebeenreal,andproceedingfromtheOperationsofEvilSpirits,and
thelaterlookinguponthemgne|rallytohavebeenIllusionandImposture,IshallgivehereanAbstractofboth,forMen
toseewhattheymayRationallyjudgeintheMatter.
Mr.Mather,inthesixthBookofthesaidHi|story,*relatesmanyoftheseFacts,andthatwithallsincerity,ashe
declares,andsays,thatnoRationalManofallthatCountryeverque|stion'dthem.
HisFirstInstanceisofoneAnneCole,aPer|sonofseriousPiety(ashewrites)livingintheHouseofherGodlyFather
atHartfordinNewEnglandwho,An.1662.wastakenwithstrangeits,sothatshewouldexpressstrangethings,
unknowntoherself,herTonguebeingguidedbyaDaemon.Thege|neralpurportofherDiscoursewas,thatsuchand
suchPersons,whomshenam'd,wereconstinghowtheymightcarryonMischie|vousDesignsagainsther,andseveral
others,
Page131
byafflictingtheirBodies,ordestroyingtheirgoodNames.OneofthePersonsmention'dbyher,wasnamed
Greensmith,whowastheninPrisononsuspicionofWitchcraft,andwasbroughtbeforetheMagistratestowhomthe
Ministers,whohadtakenNotesofwhatAnneColehadsaid,readingwhattheyhadwritten,shewithAstonishment
confess'd,thatthethingswereso,andthatherselfwithotherPersons,nam'dinthePaper,hadFamiliaritywiththe
Devil,whotoldher,thatatChristmastheywouldhaveaMerrymeeting,whentheA|greementbetwixtthemshouldbe
subscrib'd:shedeclar'd,thatherDevilappear'dtoherfirstintheshapeofaDeer,skippingabouther,andatlength,in
thatshapetalk'dtoher,andthattheDevilhadfrequentlyCarnalKnowledgeofher.OnthisConfession,withother
concurringEvidences,theWomanwasexecuted,andotherPersonsaccus'dmadetheirescapewhereuponAnneCole
wasdeli|ver'dofherextraordinaryVexations.
TheSecondInstanceisElizabethKnap,whoinOctober,1671.wastakenafteraverystrangemanner,Weeping,
Laughing,Roaring,withviolentAgitations,&c.andhadaDaemonspeakinginheramongotherthings,shecry'doutin
herFits,thatacertainWomanintheNeighbourhoodappear'duntoher,andwastheonlycauseofherAfflictionthe
Womanthuscry'doutonwasaveryVertuousPerson,who,bytheAdviceofherFriends,visitedtheafflicted,who
thoughshewereinherits,andhadherEyeswhollyshut,yetwhentheinnocentWomanwascomingin,sheshew'dher
selfwonderfulsensibleofit,andwasingreatAgoniesatherapproachbutthein|nocent
Page132

Womanpray'dearnestlywith,andforthispossess'dCreaturewhereupon,asshecametoherself,sheconfess'dshehad
beendeludedbySatan,who,intheshapeofdiversPersons,cruellytormentedherafterdiversManners,andthentold
heritwasnothim|self,buttheywereherTormentors.
TheThirdInstanceisoftheHouseofMr.WilliamMorseofNewbury,which,An.1679.wasinfestedwithDaemons,not
unliketheDae|monofTedworth.Bricks,Sticks,Stones,PiecesofWood,&c.wereoftenthrownattheHouse,along
Staffdanc'dupanddowntheChim|ny,andafterwardwashungonaLine,andswungtoandfroanIronCrookwas
violentlyhurryedaboutbyaninvisiblehandandaChairflewabouttheRoom,tillatlastitlightontheTable,where
MeatstoodreadytobeEaten,andwasliketohavespoil'dall.AChestwasbyaninvisibleHandcarry'dfromoneplace
toanother,andtheDoorsBarrica|do'd,andtheKeysoftheFamilytaken,someofthem,fromtheBunch,wherethey
weretyed,andtherestflyingaboutwithaloudNoiseoftheirKnockingagainstoneanotherandmanyother
unaccountablethingsofthiskindpass'd,toolongformeheretosetdownalittleBoybelongingtotheFamily,wasa
PrincipalSuffererintheseMolestations,hewasflungaboutatsucharatethattheyfear'dhisBrainswouldhavebeen
beatenoutnordidtheyfinditpossibletoholdhim,hisBedClotheswerepull'dofffromhisBed,hisBedshakena
MantookhimtokeephiminaChair,buttheChairfelladancing,andbothwereverynearbeingthrownintotheFire,
hewasprick'dontheBack,theyfoundanIron
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SpindleandPinsstuckinhim,alltheKnivesintheHousewereoneafteranotherstuckinhisBack,whichthe
Spectatorspull'dout:Some|timeshebark'dlikeaDog,thenclock'dlikeanHen,hecomplain'd,thataMancall'dPl
appear'dtohim,asthecauseofall.BeforetheDevilputanendtotheseTricks,thein|visibleHandwhichdidallthese
things,putonanastonishingvisibility.TheyoftenthoughttheyfelttheHandthatscratch'dthem,whileyettheysawit
notbutwhentheythoughttheyhadholdofit,itwouldgivethemtheslip.OncetheFistbeatingtheManwas
discernable,buttheycouldnotcatchholdofit:atlengthanApparitionofaBlackamoorChildshew'ditselfplainlyto
themanothertimeaDrummingontheBoardwasheard,whichwasfollowedwithaVoicethatsang,Revenge,
Revenge,SweetisRevengeatthisthePeoplebeingterrifyedcall'duponGodwhere|upontherefollow'daMournful
VoiceutteringtheseExpressions.Alas!Alas!weknocknomore,weknocknomore,andtherewasanendofall.
TheFourthInstanceisoftheHouseofNicolasDesborough,atHartford,which,An.1683.wastroubl'dmuchafterthe
samemanneritbeganuponaControversiehappeningbetwixttheManoftheHouse,andanotherPerson,con|cerninga
ChestofCloaths,whichtheManapprehendedtheotherunjustlydetain'dfromhim,anditlasteddiversMonths,till
uponre|storingtheCloathsthetroubleceas'd.Headds,atBrighlinginSussex,inEngland,therehappen'daTragedynot
unliketothis,An.1659.It'sRecordedbyClarke,intheSecondVolumeofhisExamples.
Page134

HisFifth,andSixthInstancesareRelati|onsofthesameNature.
HisSeventhInstanceisofoneMr.PhilipSmith,agedaboutFiftyYears,aDeaconoftheChurchofHadley,aMember
ofthegeneralCourt,aJusticeoftheCountyCourt,aLieute|nantofaTroop,andaManveryExemplaryforDevotion,
Sanctity,andGravity,who,An.1689.wasmiserablyMurther'dbyWitchcraft,hewas,byhisOffice,concern'dabout
relie|vingtheIndigencesofawretchedWomanintheTown,whobeingdissatisfy'dwithhim,express'dherselfina
threatningmanner,sothatheapprehendedreceivingmischiefatherHandshefellillofawearingDistemper,andat
lengthbecamedelirious,andcry'doutnotonlyofPains,butalsoofPinstormentinghiminseveralPartsofhisBody.In
hisAfflictionheexclaim'dmuchonthesaidWoman,ando|thers,asbeingseenbyhimintheRoom.SomeyoungMen
intheTownwentandgavedisturbancetotheWomansocomplain'dof,andallthewhiletheyweredisturbingher,he
wasateaseandslept,asawearyMan.Galli|potsofMedicinesprepar'dforhim,wereun|accountablyemptyed,audible
screechingsweremadeabouttheBed,whenhisHandsandFeetlaywhollystill,andwereheldbyothers.Mr.Smith,at
lengthdiestheJurythatview'dhisCorps,foundaswellingononeBreast,hisPrivitieswounded,orburnt,hisBackfull
ofBruises,andseveralHolesthatseem'dmadewithAwlesdiversNoiseswereheardintheRoomwheretheCorpslay,
astheclatteringofChairsandStools,whereofnoaccountcouldbegiv'n.
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HisNinthInstance,totheFactsofwhichtheAuthorwashimselfaWitness,isofFourChildrenofJohnGoodwinof
Boston,allRe|ligiouslyeducated.TheseChildrenAn.1688.werewroughtonbyWitchcraft,byanOldWoman,whom
theEldestDaughter,whowasaboutThirteenYearsofAge,hadpro|vok'd,sothatshewasimmediatelyseiz'dwithodd
Fits:inashorttimeafter,oneofherSisters,andtwoBrotherswerehorriblyseiz'dwiththesame,alltheChildrenwere
tormentedstilljustinthesamepartoftheBodies,atthesametime,tho'theirPainsflewlikeLightningfromonepartto
another,andtheywerekeptsofarasunder,thattheyneithersaw,norheardoneanothersCom|plaintsatNineorTenof
theClockatNighttheystillhadareleasefromtheirMise|ries,andSleptallNightprettywellbutwhentheDaycame,
theywereagainmise|rablyhandl'dsometimestheywereDeaf,sometimesDumb,sometimesBlind,andoftenallThree
atonce,andmanyotherunaccoun|tableSymptomsattendedthemtheymademostpitiousoutcries,thattheywerecut
withKnives,andstruckwithBlows,andtheplainprintsoftheWoundswereseenuponthemthesuspectedWoman's
Housebeingsearch'd,severalImages,orPuppets,orBabies,madeofRags,andstuftwithGoatsHairweretherefound,
andtheWomanconfestthatthewaytoTormenttheObjectsofherMalice,wasbywettingofherFingerwithher
Spittle,andstroakingthoselittleImages.TheabusedChildrenwerethenpresentintheCourt,andoneoftheImages
beingbroughttotheWoman,shestartedup,andsnatch'ditinto
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herHand,whenpresentlyuponitoneoftheChildrenfellintosadFits,beforethewholeAssembly.TheJudgescauseda
repetitionoftheExperiment,andstillfoundthesameef|fectofit,tho'theChildrensawnotwhentheHandoftheWitch

waslaidupontheImages.Tomakeallthingsclear,theCourtappointedFive,orSixPhysicianstoExaminehervery
strictly,whethershewerenowaycraz'dinherUnderstanding,whoafterspendingseve|ralHourswithher,return'dher
ComposMen|tis,andSentenceofDeathwaspass'donher.AfterherCondemnation,Mr.Mathersays,hevisitedher
severaltimes,andshethentoldhim,sheus'dtobeatMeetingswhereherPrince,andfourmorewerepresentshetold
himwhothefourwere,andplainlysaid,thatherPrincewastheDevilatherExecutionshesaid,theafflictedChildren
shouldnotbereliev'dbyherDeath,forothersbesidesherselfhadaHandintheirAffliction:Andaccordingly,the
Chil|drencontinuedafflictedfarworsethanbeforeoneoftheChildrendiscern'dtheSpectres,andtoldtheNamesof
thosethattormentedthemablowstruckattheplacewherehesawtheSpectre,wasalwaysfeltbytheBoyhimself,in
thatpartofhisBody,whichanswer'dtothatwasstruckatandthis,thoughhisBackwereturn'd,andthethingsodone,
thattherecouldbenoCollusioninit,yetaftertheAgonieswereover,towhichapush,orastabattheSpectrehadput
himto,asinaMinute,ortwotheywouldbe,hewouldhavearespitefromhisAils,aconsiderablewhile,andthe
Spectrewouldbegone.TheAfflictionoftheChil|drenwentontilltheybark'dateachotherlikeDogs,andthenpur'rd
likeCats.Theywould
Page137
complaintheywereinaRedhotOven,andsweated,andpanted,asiftheyhadbeenreallyso.Thentheywouldsay,that
coldWaterwasthrownonthem,atwhichtheywouldshiververymuch.Theywouldcomplainofbeingroastedonan
invisibleSpit,andlie,androll,andgroanasifithadbeensoandbyandby,screechout,thatKniveswerecutting
them.TheywouldcomplainthattheirHeadswerenail'dtotheFloor,anditwasbeyondanordinarystrengthtopull
themfromthence.Mr.Mathersays,theDaemonsdidnotknowourThoughtsforifhimself,orothersus'daJargon,
andsaid,untieitsNeckcloth,butthePartybiddenunderstoodtheirmeaningtobe,untiehisShooe,theNeckcloth,and
nottheShooehasbeen,bywrythenPostures,rendredstrangelyunaccessiblenogoodthingcouldthenbeendur'dnear
thoseChildren,whowhiletheywerethemselves,lov'deverygoodthing.TheeldestGirl,beingatMr.Mather'sHouse,
aChaininvisibletoanybutherself,wouldbeclap'dabouther,andshe,inmuchpainandfear,wouldcryoutwhenthey
begantoputitonsometimesPersonspresentcouldwiththeirHandsknockitoff,asitbegantobefastn'dbut
ordinarilywhenitwasonshewouldbepull'doutofherSeat,withmuchviolencetowardstheFire,thatitwasasmuch
asoneortotwocoulddo,tokeepheroutifPersonspresentstamp'dontheHearth,justbetweenherandtheFire,she
scream'dout,thatbyjarringtheChaintheyhurther.AnunseenRopewithacruelNoosewasputaboutherNeck,
wherebyshewaschoak'd,tillshewasblackintheFaceandthoughitweregotoffbeforeithadkill'dher,yetthere
werethe
Page138
redMarksofit,andofaFingerandaThumbnearit,remainingtobeseenforsomewhileafterwardstheseChildren
wereoftennearburninganddrowning,andstranglingthem|selveswiththeirNeckcloths,butstillseasona|blysuccor'd
and,toomitmanyotherCircum|stances,theywereatlengthdeliver'dfromthisgreatAffliction.

Mr.Mather,attheendofFourteenIn|stancesofthiskind,writtenbyhimself,laysbeforeusanAccountofVisitations
ofthesameNature,whichhappen'dinNewEngland,An.1692.andwrittenbyMr.JohnHles,aPerson,who,asMr.
Mathersays,wouldnotforaWorldbeguiltyofoverdoingtheTruth,inanHistoryofsuchImportance.TheAccountis
asfollows.
AtthelatterendoftheYear,1691.Mr.Pa|ris,PastoroftheChurchinSalemVillage,hadaDaughterofaboutNine
YearsofAge,andaNieceofaboutEleven,sadlyafflictedwithunaccountableDistempers,asPhysiciansthatwere
consultedthought,andoneofthemjudg'dtheywerebetwitch'd.Mr.ParishadanIndianManServant,andhisWifean
IndianWoman,whoconfess'dthatwithouttheKnowledgeoftheirMasterandMistress,theyhadtakensomeofthe
afflictedPersonsUrine,andmixingitwithMeal,hadmadeaCake,andbakedit,tofindouttheWitch,astheysaid.
AfterthistheafflictedPersonscry'doutoftheIndianWoman,nam'dTituba,thatshepinch'd,prick'd,andgrievously
tormentedthem,andtheysawherhereandthere,wherenoBodyelsecould,andcouldtellwhereshewas,andwhatshe
didwhenshewasabsentfromthem,theseChildrenwerebittenandpinch'dbyinvisible
Page139
Agents,theirLimbswererack'dandtormen|ted,andmiserablycontorted,&c.TitubawasExamined,whoconfess'dthe
makingofthatCake,andsaid,herMistressinherownCoun|trywasaWitch,andhadtaughthersomemeanstobeus'd
forthediscoveryofaWitch,andforpreventingofbeingbewitch'd.InashorttimeotherPersons,whowereofAgeto
beWitnesses,weremolestedbySatan,andintheirfitscry'doutuponTituba,andGoodyOrburn,andSarahGood,that
they,orSpectresintheirshapes,didgrievouslytormentthem.TheJusticesatSalemexamin'dtheAfflictedandAccus'd
together,andupontheExaminati|on,Titubaconfess'd,thatshewasaWitch,andthatshe,andtheothertwoaccus'd,did
tor|mentandbewitchtheComplainersandthatthese,withtwoothers,whoseNamessheknewnot,hadtheirWitch
Meetingstogether,re|latingthetimeswhen,andplaceswheretheymet,withotherCircumstances.UponthisTitu|ba,
Osburn,andGoodwerecommittedtoPrison,onsuspicionofactingWitchcraft.SoonaftertheseAfflictedPersons
complain'dofothersaf|flictingthemintheirFitsandtheNumberoftheAfflicted,andAccus'dbegantoincreaseand
uponExaminationmoreconfess'dthem|selvesguiltyoftheCrimestheyweresuspect|edoftheNumberofConfessors
amountingatlengthtoFifty.TheJustices,Judges,ando|thersconcerned,us'dallConscientiousendea|vourstodowhat
wasright,accordingtofor|merPresidentsinEngland,inthelikeCases.TheMatterwascarryedonchieflybythe
Com|plaintsandAccusationsoftheAfflicted,andbytheConfessionsoftheAccus'd,condemningthemselvesand
others:YetExperienceshew'd
Page140
thatthemorewereapprehended,themorewerestillafflictedandtheNumberoftheConfessorsencreasing,didbut
increasetheNumberoftheAccus'dandtheexecutingofsomemadewayfortheapprehendingofothers:forstillthe
afflictedcomplain'dofbeingtor|mentedbynewObjects,astheformerwereremovedsothatthosethatwereconcerned

wereamaz'dattheNumberandqualityofthePersonsaccus'd,andfear'dInnocentPersonssuf|fer'd:andhenceforth,the
Juriesgenerallyac|quittedsuchasweretry'd,fearingtheyhadgonetoofarbefore,andallweresetatLiber|ty,ev'nthe
Confessors.TheNumberoftheAc|cus'dwasincreas'dtoaboveanHundred,andmanyofthemwerePersonsof
blamelessandholyLives.Nineteenwereexecuted,andalldeny'dtheCrimedyingandsomeofthemwereknowing
Persons,andhadbeforethisbeenaccountedblamelessLivers.ThePerse|cutionceasing,theAfflictedgrewpresently
well,theaccus'dwerequiet,andforFiveYearspasttherehasbeennoMolestationbythem.SoinSuffolk,inEngland,
abouttheYear1645.therewassuchaProsecution,tilltheysaw,thatunlessastopwereputtoit,itwouldbringallinto
BloodandConfusion.ThelikehasbeeninFrance,till900wereputtoDeathandinsomeotherPlacesthelike.Sothat
NewEnglandisnottheonlyplacecir|cumventedbytheWilesofSataninthiskind.HerelatesfromWierus,p.678,that
anInqui|sitorintheSubalpineValleys,enquir'dafterWomenWitches,andburntaboveanHun|dred,andwas
prosecutingmore,tilltheCoun|tryPeoplerose,andbyforceofArmshindredthem,andrefer'dtheMattertothe
Bishop.
Page141
TheirHusbandsaffirm'd,thatatthatverytimeitwassaidofthem,thattheyplay'danddanc'dunderaTree,theywere
inBedwiththem.
AtChelmsfordinEssex,An.1645.therewere36atoncebeforeJudgeConiers,andFourteenofthemHang'd,andan
Hundredmorede|tainedinseveralPrisonsinSuffolkandEssex.
AsfortheCaseatSalem,heconceivesitproceededfromsomemistakenPrinciplesasthatSatancannotassumethe
shapeofanIn|nocentPerson,andinthatshapedoMischieftotheBodiesandGoodsofMankindandthatwhenthe
DevildoesharmtoPersonsintheirBodiesorGoods,itsatleast,forthemostpartbythehelpofourNeighbours,some
whichareinCovenantwithhim.ThisisthesubstanceofwhatMr.HalesdeliversandMr.Mathertellsus,thatMr.
Hales,fromwhoseManuscriptheTranscribedthis,doesthereConfutethesemistakenPrinciples:yetspendswhole
ChapterstoprovethatthereisaWitch,whomhethusdefines.TisaPersonthatha|vingthefreeuseofhisReason,does
know|inglyandwittinglyobtainoftheDevil,orofanyotherDivinePower,buttheTrueGod,anabilitytodoorknow
strangethings,orthingswhichhecannotbyhisownhumaneabilitiesarriveunto.
Mr.Mather,inanAppendix,attheendofhisSixthChapterofhisSixthBook,before|mentioned,givesashortRelation
ofsomepractisesofWitchcraft,usedbytheIndiansofNewEngland,asfollows.
TheIndiansofMartha'sVineyard,whoarenowChristians,abundanceofthemacknow|ledgetheWitchcraft,wherein
theyhadactualConversations,andexplicitConfederacieswith
Page142

Devils,whiletheywerePagons.TheyknowthatmanyPersonsamongthemhavebeen,bythezealoftheirParents,
dedicatedtotheirInfernalGods,andeducatedfortheirespecialService:butthattheDaemonsacceptonlyofsomehere
andtheretomakePawawsorWizardsof.TheyknowthatthesePawawsoftenIm|ploytheirDaemonstosmitetheir
NeighbourswithBlindness,andLameness,andotherMis|chiefs,andsometimestoKillthem,andsome|timestoCure
theirMaladies.TheyknowthattheirmanneristoformapieceofLeatherlikeanArrow'sHead,andthentyeanHairto
itortotakeaBoneofsomedeadCreature:overthesethingstheyuseMagicalCeremonies,whereupontheDaemon
presentlysnatchesthemaway,andconveysthemintotheBodiesofPersonstobeafflictedorsometimetheDae|mon
pretendstothem,thathebringsaportionoftheSpiritofthePerson,closelyimprison'dinaFlyandastheydealwith
theFly,soitfareswiththeBodyofthePersonintended.SomeofthePawawsfacultychieflyconsistsindiscovering
andrecoveringStolnGoods,bythehelpoftheirDaemons.APawaw,turn'dChristian,saidhehadoftenemployedhis
God,whoappearedtohimstillintheformofaSnake,toKill,Wound,andLame,suchashedesign'dMischiefto.So
farMr.Mather.
IshallnowgiveanAccountofwhatMr.Calef,abovementioned,hasdeliver'dinhisBook,Entitled,MoreWondersof
theInvisi|bleWorld,&c.
InhisPrefacehetellstheReader,hepub|lishesthesehisCollectionsandSentiments,inhopes,thathavingwell
consider'dandcom|paredthemwiththeScriptures,hewillsee
Page341
Reason,aswellashimself,toquestionabe|liefsoprevalent,asthattheretreatedof,asalsothepractiseflowingfrom
thencehedeclareshisdisbeliefoftheoperationsandef|fectsoftheDevil,exprestbyMr.Mather,inhisWondersofthe
InvisibleWorldasthattheDevilexhibitedhimselfordinarilyasaBlackManandDecoy'dMiserableMalicious
Crea|turesoListthemselvesinhisService,byen|tringtheirNamesinaBookandthattheyhavehadtheirMeetings
andSacraments,ha|vingeachofthemtheirSpectres,orDevilscommission'dbythem,andrepresentingofthem,tobe
theEnginesoftheirMalice:BythesewickedSpectresafflictingpoorPeoplewithvariousTorments,evenKillingsome,
andcausingsometodestroythemselves,andcarryingsomeoverTrees,andHills,Milestogether,manyofthembeing
temptedtosigntheDevil'sLaws.
Hetakesthismattertobe,asothersunder|standit,viz.thattheDevilhasbeentoohardformanyinNewEngland,by
hisTemptati|o,Signs,andLyingWonders,withthehelpofperniciousNotions,formerlyimbibedandpoesttogether
withtheaccusationsofaofPossest,DistractedorlyingWenches,accusingtheirInnocentNeighbours,theyseetheir
Spectres,thatis,thetheirlikeness,afflictingofthem:where|umanyTragediesfollowed,whichtho'oneParish,spread
overthewholeCounryandhethinksaZealledbyBlind|nessandPassion,andformerPresidentshadherein
precipitatedPersonsintothesewicked|nesses,orWitchcrafts,andsays,muchthesamehasbeenactedthispresentYear
inScotland.

Page144
HisBookbeingdividedintoFiveParts,hebeginshisFirstPartwithaLettersentbyMr.CottonMathertoaFriendof
his,contain|ingaRelationofanApparitionhappeningtooneMargaretRule,livingintheNorthpartofBoston.This
youngWoman,onaSunday,Decemberthe10th.1693.aftersomeHoursofpreviousdisturbanceinthePublick
Assembly,fellintooddFits,whichcausedherFriendstocarryherhome,whereherFitsinafewHoursappearedtobe
preternatural:Shewasassaul|tedbyeightcruelSpectres,ofwhichshethoughtsheknewthreeorfour,buttherestcame
stillwiththeirFacescover'd:shepri|vatelytoldMr.MathertheNamesofthosesheknew,Whosays,theywere
miserableWretches,thatformanyYearshadbeenstronglysuspectedforWitches.ThoseSpectresbroughtherared
thickBook,notverybroad,aboutaCubitlong,anddemandedhertosetherHandtoit,oratleasttotouchitwithher
Hand,asasignofherbecomingtheDe|vil'sServantwhichsheperemptorilyrefusingtodo,theyfellaTormentingher
cruelly,sothatshewasforcedtokeepherBedsixWeekstogether.Sometimes,tho'notalways,to|getherwiththe
Spectres,therelook'dinuponher,asshesaid,aShortBlackMan,whomtheycalledtheirMaster,beingeaxctlyofthe
sameDimensions,ComplexionandVoicewiththeDevil,thathasexhibitedhimselftootherInfestedPeoplenotonlyin
otherpartsofNewEngland,butalsoinotherCountriesofEurope,asrelationsfromthenceinformus.Shewascruelly
Pinch'dwithInvisibleHands,veryofteninaDay,andtheBlackandBlueMarksofthePinchesbecameimmediately
vi|visible
Page[unnumbered]
tothestandersby,shewouldalsobemiserablyhurtwithPins,thatwerefoundstuckinherNeck,BackandArms
thoughthoseWoundsmadebythePins,wouldinafewMi|nutesordinarilybecur'dshewouldalsobestrangely
distortedinherJointsbyExorbitantConvulsions.TopassbyotherstrangeRelati|onsofher,inwhichMr.Matherthinks
therecouldbenoImposture,onceinthemiddleoftheNightshelamentedsadly,thattheSpectresthreatn'dthe
drowningofaYoungManintheNeighbourhood,whomshenam'dtotheCompanyanditwasfound,thatatthatvery
time,thisYoungManhavingbeenPress'donBoardaManofWar,thenintheHarbour,wasattemptingtoSwimon
Shoar,andhadbeendrown'dintheAttempt,ifaBoathadnotseasonablytookhimup.Therewerewon|derfulNoises
everynowandthen,madeabouttheRoomwhereshelay,whichthePersonspresentcouldascribetonootherActors,
buttheSpectres.OnceherTormentorspull'dheruptotheCeilingofherChamber,andheldhertherebeforeavery
NumerousCompanyofSpectators,whofounditasmuchastheycouldalldotopullherdownagain.Shehadalsoa
WhiteSpiritwhichcametoher,whosebrightshiningandgloriousGarmentsshehadafre|quentviewof.Hestoodby
herBedconti|nuallyheart'ningandcomfortingofher,andCounselinghertomaintainherFaithandHopeinGod,and
nevertocomplywiththeTem|ptationsofherAdversaries.Mr.Mathersays,hehasseenitfulfil'dmorethanthreetimes
intheDeliveranceofinchantedandpossess'dPersons,whomGodhascastinhisway,thattheirDeliverancecouldnot
beobtain'dbefore
Page[unnumbered]

thethirdFastkeptforthem,andthethirdDaystillobtain'dtheDeliveranceandafterMar|garetRule,hadbeenmore
thanFiveWeeksinherMiseries,theWhiteSpiritsaidtoherWell,thisDaysuchaMan(whomhenam'd)haskepta
thirdDayforyourDeliverance,nowbeofGoodChear,youshallspeedilybede|liver'd.Mr.Matherenquir'd,whether
whathadbeensaidofthatManweretrue,andwascertainlyinform'd,thatitwaspreciselyso.OnthelastDayofthe
WeekherTormentors,asshesaid,approachingtowardsher,wouldbeforc'dstilltorecoilandretire,asunac|countably
unabletomeddlewithherandtheywouldretiretotheFiresidewiththeirPuppets,butgoingtostickPinsinthose
Puppets,theycouldnotmakethePinstoenter,andshesawtheirBlackMastertostrikethem,andkickthem,tomake
themdotheirWork,andre|newtheMarksofhisVengeanceonthem,whentheyfail'dofdoingit:Atlast,beingasit
weretir'dwiththeirineffectualAttemptstomortifieher,theyfuriouslysaid,Well,thoushaltnotbethelastandaftera
pause,theyadded,Go,andtheDevilgowithyou,wecandonomore.WhereupontheyflewoutoftheRoomandshe
returningperfectlytoherself,gavethankstoGodforherDeliverance:HerTormentorsleftherextreamWeakandaint,
andoverwhelm'dwithVapours,whichwouldnotonlycausehersometimestofallinaSwoon,butlikewisenowand
then,foralittlewhilediscomposeherReason,thoughherformertroublesreturnednot.
TothisRelationMr.Mtheradds,HehasalwaysbeenofthisOpinion,thatweareIg|norantofwhatPowerstheDevils
mayhave
Page147
todotheirMischiefs,intheshapesofsomethathadneverbeenexplicitelyengag'dinDiaboli|calConfederaciesand
thatthereforethoughmanyWitchcraftshadbeenfairlydetected,onenquiriesprovok'dandbegunbySpectre
Appari|tions,yethimselfhasbeensofarforabatingtheexcessiveCreditofSpectresAccusations,thathestillcharg'd
theAfflicted,committedtohisCare,thattheyshouldcryoutonnoBodyforafflictingthemthoughifitmightbeof
anyAdvantagetothem,theymighttelltheirMindstosomeonePerson,ofDiscretionenoughtomakenoilluseofit.
NorhadtheCivilAu|thorityprosecutedthosethings,hadnotaCon|scientiousregardtotheCrysofMiserableFa|milies,
overcometheReluctanciesoftheJudgestomeddlewiththem.
TheSecondPartofthisBookbeginswithaNarrativeofwhatpastattwoVisits,givenbyMr.CottonMather,andhis
Father,toMargaretRule,writtenbyMr.Calef,ashesays,fromtheMouthsofsomePersonswhowerethenpresentof
whichNarrativeMr.CottonMa|thergreatlycomplains,asveryunfairlyandfalslyrepresentingthings,inrefereneeto
hisFatherandhimself.
ItcontainsalsoLettersfromMr.Calef,toMr.CottonMather,offeringameetingwithhim,anddesiringanInformation
insomeDoctrinalsrelatingtoWitchcraftwhichmeet|ingMr.Matherdeclin'dattheplacenomi|natedbyMr.Calef,
thoughheofferedtoDis|coursewithhimconcerningitinhisStudy,oranyotherConvenientplace.Therearealso
PapersattestedbyseveralHandsofPer|sonspresent,thatMargaretRulewaslifteduptotheCeilingoftheRoom,
whereshelay,by

Page148
aninvisibleHand,andthatseveralofthePer|sonspresenthadmuchado,withalltheirstrengthtopullherdown.Thisis
followedbyanotherLetterfromMr.CaleftoMr.Ma|ther,inwhich,notwithstandingtheAttestati|onsofthePersons
present,hedeclareshisdis|beliefofMargaretRule'sbeingsolifteduphisreasonis,thatthenMiraclesarenotceas'd,
(thisseemingtohimastrueaMiracle,asforIrontoSwim)andthattheDevilcanworksuchMiracles.
Nextfollows,severalLettersfromMr.CaleftoMr.Matherandothers,relatingtotheDo|ctrinalsofWitchcraft,both
desiringMr.Ma|thertoexplainit,andsettingforthwhathimselfconceivesofit,accordingtotheScriptures:andhaving
InsertedaLetter,whichhewrittotheMinisters,whetherEnglish,French,orDutch,inNewEngland,heconcludesit
thus,ThattheonlyDecisiveCircumstancetoCon|victaWitch,asfarashecanfindintheScrip|tures,isamaligning
andoppugningtheWord,Work,orWorshipofGod,andbyanyextraordinarySignseekingtoseduceanyfromittho'
notexcludinganyotherBranch,whenaswellprov'dbythatInfallibleRuleandthatthegoingtotheafflicted,or
possesttoDi|vinewhoareWitchesbytheirSpectreSight,isagreatwickedness,andthatthesearchingforTets,the
experimentoftheirsayingtheLordsPrayer,thefallingattheSight,andrisingattheTouchofthesupposedCriminal,
beingallofthemforeignfromScripture,aswellasReason,areAbominationstobeAbhorr'dandRepentedof.Lastly,
ThattheirSalemWitchcraft,eitherrespectingtheJudgesandJuries,andtheirtendernessofLife,orthe
Page149
multitudeandpertinencyofWitnesses,bothafflicted,andconfessors,ortheintegrityofHistorians,areasAuthentick,
andmadeascer|tain,asanyeverofthatkindintheWorldhavebeen,andyeteveryonenowseesthroughitandthatit
wastheabovementionedSentimentsthatprocuredthissaddestAffliction,andmostlastingInfamythateverbefelthat
Country.Mr.Calef'snextLetteristoMr.SamuelWil|lard,aMemberofHarwardCollegeinNewEngland,where
amongotherthingshesaysthatbythelateProsecution,underthenotionofWitches,TwentysufferedasEvilDoers
(besidesthosethatDiedinPrison)aboveTenmoreCondemned,andanHundredImpri|son'd,andabout200more
AccusedandtheCountrygenerallyinFears,whenitwouldcometotheirturntobeAccusedthatthoseveryAccusers,
whichhadbeenImprisonedasWitnessesagainstsomany,AccusedatlengththoseinmostHighEsteem,both
MagistratesandMinisters,asguiltyofWitchcraft,whichshew'dtheirRulers,thatnecessitylayuponthemtoconfound
whathadsolongconfound|edtheCountry,asbeingunwillingtorunthesamerisque.
Mr.MatherhavingsentMr.CalefaBookPrintedbyMr.Baxter,Entitled,ThecertaintyoftheWorldofSpirits,forhis
InstructioninthatkindMr.CalefhashereinsertedaLet|terwhichhesenttoMr.Mather,containingAnimadversions
onthatBook.Andinano|therLetterwhichheWrittotheMinistersinandnearBoston,hespeaksoftheDoctrineofthe
Manicheans,andendavourstoshewthatthepresentAgeisnotfreefromthatInfectionandascribesthedelugeof
Bloodshedamong

Page150
Christians,tothis,thatMenhavingtakenupabeliefofaCovenanting,AfflictingandKillingWitch,andfindingno
footstepsofsuchaWitchintheScriptures,haveconcluded,thatthoughtheScripturesbefullinit,thataWitchshould
notLive,yetthatithasnotatalldescribedtheCrime,normeanswherebytheCulpablemightbedetectedandhence
theyaccountitnecessarytomakeuseofthoseDiabolical,andBloodyways,alwaysheretoforepractisedfortheir
DiscoveryfindingthattheRulesgiventodetectotherCrimes,arewhollyuselessforthediscoveryofsuch.
Mr.Calef'slastLetterofhisSecondPart,istoMr.BenjaminWadsworth,aMinister,whomheseemstochargewithnot
wellexplainingtheScriptures,inreferencetoWitchcraft,andsays,thelatedangerousNotion,thattheDevilappearsto
Persons,andthattheyandtheDevilmakemutualIngagements,Con|firm'dbySigningtheDevil'sBook,andarefrom
henceInablednotonlytoknowFuturi|ties,andthingsdoneataDistance,butarealsoImpower'dtherebytodoharmto
Neigh|bours,toraiseStorms,anddothingsaboveandagainsttheCourseofNature,hasbeentheoccasionofshedding
somuchBloodintheWorld.Headds,It'smanifestthatthebeliefoftheWitchesPowertodothethings
above|mentioned,wasanancientbeliefoftheHea|thensandthatfromthemitwasreceivedbythePapists,whohave
sinceImproveduponit,andbroughtinthenotionofaCovenantandthatProtestantsseemtohavelatelyIm|provedit
farther,bysaying,thatWitchescanCommissionateDevilstodothoseMischiefs,therebysettingtheWitchintheplace
ofGod.
Page151
HehaswritalsoinaprecedentLetter,thattwoPartiesindispute,werenotagreedwhichtoputitupon,whetherthe
DevilImpowerstheWitch,ortheWitchCommissionshimontheContract:butbothPartiesareagreedinthis,thatone
wayorothertheMischiefiseffected,andsotheCriminalbecomesGuiltyofDeathinthesearchafterwhich
Crimi|nals,manyCountrieshavefallenintosuchConvulsions,thatneithertheDevastationmadebyaConquering
Enemy,northePlagueitselfhasbeensoformidable.
TheThirdPartofthisBookgivesanac|countoftheDifferenceshappeningatSalemVillage,ontheaccountof
ProsecutionsforWitchcraft,whichbeganthere,whereoneMr.PariswasPastorwho,notwithstandinghis
acknowledgingsomeErrorshemighthavefallenintointhatrespect,wasatlastdismistfromthatCure.Inhis
acknowledg|mentunderhishand,heowns,thatthehor|ridCalamityofafflictingthatCountry,brokeoutfirstinhis
House,andthatinhisFamilythereweresomeofbothParties,viz.Accu|sers,andAccused.
TheFourthPartcontainsanIngeniousLet|ter,WritbyaGentlemanwithoutaName,endeavouringtoprovethe
commonlyreceiv'dOpinionaboutWitchcrafttowhichMr.CalefhasWrittenaReply.AndaSecondLetterisWritten
bytheforesaidGentleman,towhichMr.CalefhasaRejoynder.

TheFifthPartcontainsanaccountofthemostMemorablemattersofFact,touchingthesupposedWitchcraftinNew
England.Nowtho'Mr.Calef'sAccountofFacts,containsmanymoreParticulars,thanwhatIhaveset
Page152
downbeforefromMr.Hal's,yetsincetheywouldbetootediousformetoinserthere,Ishallonlynotesomeodd
passagesinthem.
Hetellsus,thatabouttheendoftheYear1692,anewScenerelatingtoWitchcraftwasbegun:OneJosephBallardat
Andover,whoseWifewasIll,andafterDiedofaFever,senttoSalemforsomeofthoseAccusers,totellhimwho
AfflictedhisWifeothersdidthesame,andHorseandManweresentfromse|veralplacestofetchthoseAccusers,who
hadtheSpectreSight,thattheymighttherebytell,whoafflictedthosethatwereanywayIll.Whenthesecameintoany
placewheresuchwere,usuallytheyfellintoaFitafterwhichbeingask'dwhoitwasthatafflictedthePer|son,they
wouldforthemostpartnameonewhomtheysaidsatontheHead,andanotherthatsatonthelowerpartsofthe
afflicted.SoonafterBallard'ssending,morethanFiftyofthePeopleofAndoverwerecomplain'dofforaf|flictingtheir
Neighbours:HereitwasthatmanyaccusedthemselvesofridinguponPolesthroughtheAir,manyParentsbelieving
theirChildrentobeWitches,andmanyHusbandstheirWives,&c.whentheseAccuserscametotheHouseofany
PersonuponsuchanAccount,itwasordinaryforotherYoungPeopletobetakenwithFits,andtohavethesame
SpectreSight.Mr.DudleyBradstreet,aJusticeofPeaceinAndover,havinggrantedoutWarrantsandCommittedThirty
orFortyPersonstoPrisons,forthesupposedWitch|crafts,atlengthsawcausetoforbeargrantingoutanymore
Warrants:soonafterwhich,heandhisWifewerecry'doutof,himselfwasbythemsaidtohaveKill'dNinePersonsby
Witch|craft,
Page153
andfoundithissafestcoursetomakehisEscape.
ADogbeingafflictedatSalemVillage,andthosethathadtheSpectreSightbeingsentfor,theyaccusedMr.John
Bradstreet,BrothertotheJustice,thatheafflictedthesaidDog,andnowRiduponhim,hemadehisEscapeinto
PetattequaGovernment,andtheDogwasputtoDeath,andwasalloftheafflictedthatsuf|feredDeath.
AtAndovertheycomplain'dofaDog,asafflictingofthem,andwouldfallintotheirFitsattheDogslookingonthem.
TheDogwasputtoDeath.
Note,Inreferencetothis,thatinmyprecedentAccountoftheSecondSight,Children,HorsesandCowshaditaswell
asMenandWomen.

AworthyGentlemanofBostonbeingaboutthistimeaccusedbythoseofAndover,hesentbysomeparticularFriendsa
WrittoArrestthoseAccusersina1000l.Action,forDefamation,withInstructionstoinformthemselvesofthe
certaintyoftheProofindoingwhichtheirbusinesswasperceived,andfromthenceforwardtheAccusationatAndover
generallyceas'd.
AndnowNineteenPersonsbeingHang'd,andOnePress'dtoDeath,andEightmoreCondemned,inallTwentyEight,
aboutFiftyhavingconfestthemselvestobeWitches,ofwhichnotOneExecutedaboutOneHundredandFiftyin
Prison,andaboveTwoHundredmoreAccused,theSpecialCom|missionofOyerandTerminercametoaPe|riodafter
whichSixWomen,whohadcon|fessedthemselvestobeWitches,gaveundertheirHandthattheydiditonlyin
complyancewiththeirnearestFriends,whotoldthemitwastheironlywaytoescape
Page154
AsfortheTryals,andtheEvidencetakenforConvictionatSalem,theyaresetforthinPrintbyMr.CottonMather,in
hisWondersoftheInvisibleWorld,attheCommandofSirWil|liamPhips,thenGovernourofNewEnglandbutMr.
CalefconsideringthathisBookmightfallintothehandsofsuchasneversawthoseWonders,hasTranscribedherethe
wholeAc|counthehasgiventhereof,withoutanyvari|ation,butwithoneoftheIndictmentsannexttotheTryalofeach.
AfterMr.CalefhassetdownMr.Mather'ssaidAccountofthePro|ceedingsatSalem,hewritessomeAnimad|versions
onit,andthenproceedstogiveanAccountoftheproceedingsinthelikecaseatCharlesTown,Boston,andother
placesandconcludeswithaProclamation,atlast,Issu'doutbytheLieutenantGovernour,CounselandAssemblyof
theMassachusettsBay,whereintheybegGodPardonforanyErrorsmighthavebeencommittedinthelate
Prosecutions.AndupontheDayofFast,inthefullAssemblyattheSouthMeetingHouseinBoston,oneoftheJudges,
whohadsatinJudicatureatSa|lem,deliveredinaPaper,desiringthePrayersofthePeopletothelikeeffect.Andsome
thathadbeenofseveralJuries,gaveforthaPapersign'dwiththeirownHands,owningthattheyfear'dtheyhadbeen
sadlyDeluded,andMistaken,andbeg'dPardonofGodandtheirCountryMen,forwhathadpastanddeclaringthat
noneofthemwoulddosuchthingsagain,onsuchGroundsforthewholeWorld.
IthoughtgoodtogivethisAccountatlargeofthetwoforegoingBooks,becausetheygiveusafullInformationofthe
lastconsiderable
Page155
VisitationbyWitchcrafts,orsosupposed,thathashappnedtoanyCountryintheWorld,andIhopeitmaybeafarewel
tothem.
AstomyownOpinionintheseMatters,IamconvincedbymyownExperience(whichtomeisasaThousand
Witnesses)thatthereissuchathing,asaSpectreSight,sothatonePersonmayseeSpectres,whenotherspresentatthe

sametimeseenothingwhereforeIthinkitnotImpossiblethattheafflictedPersonsinNewEnglandshouldseenay,I
believetheysawtheSpectresofPersons,whoastheycon|ceived,TormentedthemallHistoriesofWitches,bothin
England,andinallotherCountries,testifyingthesametho'InowaythinkthatsuchSpectreSightshouldbereceiveda
JudicialProofagainstanyPerson,itbeingmanifestbysomeforegoingExamples,thatit's,atleastsometimes,subjectto
Illusions,ofwhichIshallhereaddaparticularInstancefromFrommannus,whoinhisThirdBookofMagical
Incantation,*quotestheAuthorofCri|minalCautions,writingthus.
APrinceofGermanyInvitedtwoReligiousFathers,ofeminentVertueandLearningtoaDinner.ThePrinceatthe
Tablesaidtooneofthem,Father!Thinkyouwedoright|lyinHangingPersons,whoareaccusedbyTenorTwelve
Witches,tohaveappear'dattheirMeetingsorSabbaths?IsomewhatfearweareImposedonbytheDevil,andthatitis
notasafewaytoTruththatwewalkinbytheseAccusationsespeciallysincemanyGraveandLearnedMenevery
wherebegintocryoutagainstit,andtochargeourConscienceswithittellmethereforeyourOpinion.Towhomthe
Father,beingsomewhatofan
Page156
eagerSpirit,said,whatshouldmakeusdoubt|fulinthisCase?orwhatshouldtouchourConsciences,beingconvinced
bysomanyTe|stimonies?CanwemakeitaScruplewhetherGodwillpermitInnocentPersonsshouldbesotraduc'd?
thereisnocauseforaJudgetostickatsuchanumberofAccusations,buthemayproceedwithsafety.Towhichwhen
thePrincehadreply'd,andmuchhadbeensaidproandcon,onbothsidesaboutit,andtheFatherseem'dwhollyto
carrythePoint,thePrince,atlength,concludedtheDispute,saying,Iamsorryforyou,Father,thatinaCapitalCase,
youhaveCondemnedyourself,andyoucannotcomplainifIcommityoutoCustody,fornolessthanFifteenWitches
havedeposed,thattheyhaveseenyouattheirMeetings,andtoshewyouthatIamnotinJest,Iwillpresentlycausethe
publickActstobebrought,foryoutoReadthem.TheFatherstoodinaMaze,andwithaDe|jectedCountenance,had
nothingheretoop|posebutConfusion,andSilence,afterallhisLearnedEloquence.SofarFrommannus.
It'sobservable,thatwhentheSpectreSightedAccuserscametoanHousetodiscoverwhoafflictedaPersontakenIll,it
wasordinaryforotherYoungPeopletobetakeninFitsliketheSpectreSightedPersons,andtohavethesameSpectre
SightasweknowifaPersonfallsintoConvulsionFitsinthepresenceofYoungPersons,it'susualforthesetofallinto
Convulsionsalso.
ThisstrangeVisitationinNewEngland,inwhichPersonswereseizedwithstrangeFits,andcametohaveaSpectre
Sight,seemstobeally'dtowhatPlutarch,inhisBookoftheVer|tuous
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ActsofWomen,relatesconcerningtheMilesianVirgins,asfollows.

Therewasatime,thattheMilesianVirginsfellintoastrangeHumour,andravingwith|outanyapparentCause,onlyit
wassuspected,thattherewassomeVenemousConstitutionoftheAir,whichcaus'dinthemthisDelirium,and
alienationofMindfortheyallonasuddenwereseiz'dwithadesiretodie,andafuriousInclinationtohang
themselves,andthereweremanythatsecretlydiditandnoRemonstrancenorTearsoftheirParents,norConsolation
ofFriendsavail'danything,buttheywouldDestroythemselves,andtheyal|waysfoundmeanstoeludeallthe
SubtletiesandInventionsofthosethatWatch'dthem:Sothatitwaslook'duponassomeDivinePu|nishment,whichno
HumaneProvisioncouldremedytillatlength,bytheadviceofawiseCitizen,anEdictwassetforth,thatifanyPerson
shouldhangherselfforthefuture,herBodyshouldbecarryedNakedthroughtheopenStreetsinthesightofallMen
whichputafullstoptothisTragedy.AndifinsteadofanIndulgentNonCompos,foundgenerallybyourJuriesoflate,
onallFelo'sdese,some|whatexemplarywereorder'dbytheGovern|ment,possiblyitmightdeterPersonsfromthat
Crime:PlutarchNotesitasasignofaGoodandVertuousDisposition,thatthefearofInfamyandDishonourworks
moreuponHumaneMinds,thanthefearofthosehorribleAccidentsDeathandTorments.
Rhodiginuswritesthus.ItssaidtheAbderites,*whileLysimachusrul'd,begantobeinfestedwithacertainNewand
WonderfullkindofDisease,themannerofitwasthus.First
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theregenerallyreign'damongthemafierceandburningFever,whentheSeventhDaywascome,anabundanceof
Bloodflow'dfromtheirNostrils,somefellintoaplentifulSweat,andthisendedtheFeverbutaveryRidicu|lousaffect
seiz'dtheMindsofthemall,fortheywerestir'duptoActTragedies,andthun|der'doutIambickswithaveryloud
Voice,butchieflytheTragedyofAndromeda,writbyEuri|pides,andthewordsofPerseustheCitywasfill'dwith
thesekindsofweeklyTragedies,thePeoplebawlingouttheseandthelikekindofWords.OKing,thouLoveofGods
andMen!ThisunusualDeliriumheldalongwhile,tilltheWinter,andafierceColdcoming,putanendtotheEvil.It's
thoughttheriseofthisDis|easeproceededfromthis,ThatatthattimeArchelaus,aFamousTragedian,inthemidstof
theSummer,whentheHeatswereverygreat,ActedthereAndromeda,whereupontheAbderitescontractedthecauseof
theirDiseaseintheTheaterandwhen(asitsusual)theAppearancesofwhatwasActedinthatTra|gedy,were
presentedtotheirMinds,theyfelltothesaidTragedythroughaDelirium,upontheirRecovery,Andromedastickingin
theirMemories,andPersuswithMedusa.
*

AstoaDispositionoftheAirinReferencetoaSpectreSight,Purchas,intheSecondpartofhisPilgrim,writes,from
aRelationofSandys'sJourneyfromVenicetoConstantinople,asfollows.WelayinalittleBay,andunderaClift,inthe
GulfofCalonus,wherenotoneofusbuthadhisSleepinterruptedbyfearfulDreamshethatwatch'daffirming,thathe
hadseentheDevil,sothatinagreatdismayweputfromtheshoreaboutmidnightbutwhetheritproceeded
Page159

fromtheNatureoftheVaporousplace,orthatinfestedbysomeSpirit,Ileavetodecide.It'sreportedofalittleRocky
Islandhardby,nam'dformerlyAex,SacredtoNeptune,thatnonecouldSleeponit,forbeingtroubl'dwithAp|paritions.
TheGulfbelongstotheIslandMitylen,orLesbos.
ThuswefindwhatDispositionsofMindMenmayfallintosundryways,andhowfartheDiabolicalseisures,relatingto
practicesofWitchcrafts,maybecaus'dupontheMindsofMiserablePeople,beingimpregnatedwithNotionsof
Daemons,andthelikeandwhatCommunicationofMindstheremaybebe|twixtsuchPeople,willdeserve
Consideration.
HippocratesinhisTractofVirginsDiseases,(ifitbehis)enquiresintotheNatureandCausesofsuchDistempers,as
AfflictedtheMilesianVirgins,andconsiderstheDiseasecall'dSacred,whichhesaysisattendedwithFrights,and
Terrors,bywhichPersonsareVehementlyscar'd,sothattheygrowDeliriousandsome|timesbyNight,sometimesby
Day,andsome|timesbothNightandDay,theythinktheyseeDaemonsinfestingthem,andthatuponthoseVisions
manyhavehang'dthemselves,thoughmoreWomenthanMen,theybeingofawea|kerDispositionofMindand
VirginsthatarealmostripeforMarriage,findthisaboutthetimeofthefirstdescentoftheirMenses,beingfreefrom
thoseEvilsbeforebutaboutthattimethedueCourseoftheBloodbeingstopt,itre|turnsuptotheHeartandMidriff,
causinganacuteInflammation,andbringsanalienationofMind,withCrysandTerrorsandsometimes,hesays,
withoutSpectres,acertainPleasureofDeathseizesthem,asseemingagoodThing
Page160
astheyreturntothemselves,hesays,theWo|menarewonttoConsecratetheirmostpreci|ousGarments,withother
things,toDiana,beingdeceiv'dbytheProphets,whoCom|mandthemsotodo.
NowthoughtheCausesassign'dbyHippocrates,seemsplausibleenoughforhim,asaPhysici|an,yetIdoubttheywill
notreachallCases,andwemusthaverecoursetoaSuperiourSci|enceforthem.It'sknowntotheLearned,thatthere
hasbeenaScienceintheWorld,call'dScientiaUmbrarum,which,astothepublickteach|ingofit,hasbeensuppress'd
upongoodPolitickgrounds,thoughtherearestillsomeSocietiesofMen,intheWorldwhoallowthestudyofit,and
teachittoPersonsofwhoseIntegritytheyaresatisfiedandasBoesatassays,ofMa|gick,ofwhichthisisapart,Est
tanquamresSacra,quaenonisivirismagnis,&peculiaribeneficiodecaeloinstructisCommunicatur,&nilausisunt
ag|grediquidamPrincipesinPoliticis,inSacris,inconsibiissineeorumarbitrio.
CalumellaknewtherewasaSciencebuiltonHigherPrinciples,thanwhatareaccountableforinPhysicks,whenhe
said,concerningtheCureofhisBees.

AtsitnullavaletMedicinarepellerepestem,
Dardaniaeveniantartes.

ButifthisPlaguenoMedicinecanrepel,
ToArtsDardanianletusfly.

TheScientiaUmbrarum,beingaBranchoftheseArts,theIgnoranceofwhichpossibly,mayhavebeentheoccasionof
manymistakesinJudicialproceedingsrelatingtoWitchcraft,
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theDispositionsoftheAstralMan,beingknow|ableonlybythatScience.AndthoughmanySeveritieshavefollowed
uponit,yetgoodPo|licy,perhaps,hasratherchosentosufferthem,thantoadmitthePublickteachingofthatSci|ence,
whichmighthavebeenofmorePerni|ciousconsequencetothePublick.ButIwritethesethingsonlybytheby,andas
opening.
Itseemstome,thatMr.Calefdealssome|whathardlywithMr.Matherinthis,thatwhenforhissatisfaction,Mr.
MatherhadsenthimaPaper,attestedbyseveralSubscribers,thatMargaretRule,withwhomtheywerepre|sent,was
lifteduptotheCeilingoftheRoom,andthatseveraltimes,notwithstandingtheEndeavoursofstrongPersonstokeep
herdown,andthereheldherforaconsiderabletimeandthattheyhadmuchadotopullherdownyetMr.Calef
declareshisdisbeliefofit,forthisreason,thatthenMiraclesarenotceas'dasthoughamanifestExperienceweretobe
soexploded.Ihavegiv'nbeforetwoExperien|cesinthelikekind,onefromMr.Glanvil,concerningaPersonsolifted
upintheLordOrery'sHouseinIrelandanotherfromWierus,aPersonwellknowntohavebeenofnoLightbelief,
whodeclaresthataWomanhadbeencarriedupintheAirbySpirits,ifhimselfhadnotviolentlywithheldher,and
keptherdown.AstohisgreatGround,oftheCessa|tionofMiracles,IwellknowmanyLearnedDivines,havebeenof
thatOpinion,thoughIthinkitnosuchEssentialPointofFaith,thatChristianitycannotwellconsistwithoutit.Dr.
Brown,inhisReligioMedici,writesthus.ThatMiraclesareceas'd,Icanneitherprove,*norabsolutelydeny,muchless
definethetime
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andperiodoftheCessation.*Andagain,There|forethatMiracleshavebeen,Idobelieve,andthattheymayyetbe
wroughtbytheliving,Idonotdeny,andDr.Stubbe,inhisAccountoftheMiraculousCureswroughtbyMr.Greatrix
writes,accordingtotheImpetuosityofhisSpirit,Thattosay,Miraclesareceas'd,isagroundlessFolly,ifnota
disingeniousImpu|dence,ingivingtheLyetovariousReligions:AndifMr.CalefadmittedthepointofMarga|ret
Rule's,beingsoliftedup,IcannotseewhythismustbeconcludedaMiracle,unlessallthingsProvidencepermitsthe
Deviltoact,andwhichseemstrange,shallbecalledMiracles.

AndwhereasMr.Calef,sooftenurgesMr.Mather,withMr.Gaule'sFourthHeadforConvictingaWitch,viz.Thata
Witchisonethatmaligns,andoppugnstheWord,Work,orWorshipofGod,andbyanyExtraordinarysignsseeksto
seduceanyfromitasappears,Deut.13.1,2.Matth.24.24.Act.13.8.10.2Tim.3.8.whichMr.Calefwillhavetobethe
onlyHeadwellprov'dintheScripturefordiscoveringaWitch,andoftenchallengesMr.Mathertoproduceanyother
andsays,ThathisnotbringingplainScriptureProof,thatthereisaCovenantingWitch,isasuffi|cientDemonstration
thereisnoneit'snocon|sequencebuttheremaybesuchaWitch,andthatfairlyreducabletotheHeadofWitch|craft
mention'dintheScripturesforasthereareNewDiseasesoftheBody,whichwereunknowntotheAncients,soIknow
notwhytheremaynotbeNewDistempersoftheMind,allCrimesbeingsuchandsinceMr.Calefstandssomuchfor
plainScriptureProofforwhatheCredits,hemaydowelltogiveusa
Page163
plainconvincingScriptureProof(settingbyhisownGlosses)fortheceasingofMiraclesorofthetimethatProvidence
tyedupitsHandsfromdoinganythingbesidetheordina|rycourseofNatureorfromcommandingorpermittingany
GoodorEvilAngelstodoa|nysuchthing.
IthinkitworthyConsideration,thatintheAccounttheabovemention'dMr.Greatrixgaveofhimself,andhisActions,
inaLettertothelateMr.Boyle,PrintedinLondon,An.1666.thereseemsastrangeAgreementinsomeParticulars,
withwhathappen'dintheNewEnglandVisita|tionforasthePersonsthereAfflicted,assoonastheylook'donthose
thatAfflictedthem,wouldfalldowninFits,soMr.GreatrixwritessomewhatofthelikeNature,relatingtohim|self,
addressinghimselftoMr.Boyle,asfollows.
Sir,IhopeyouwillPardonme,whenIrelatetoyoumyownObservations,andwhatmyExperienceinclinesmeto
believe,insaying,thatIhavemetwithseveralIn|stanceswhichseem'dtometobePossession,byDumb,Deaf,and
talkingDevilsandthattomyApprehension,andotherspresent,severalEvilSpirits,oneaftertheotherhavebeenpursued
outofaWoman,andeveryoneofthemhasbeenliketoChoakher,whenitcameuptoherThroat,beforeitwentforth
andwhenthelastwasgone,shewasperfectlywell,andsocontinued.Therehavebeenothers,thathavefall'ndown
immediate|lyassoonastheyhaveseenme,whichtheMayorofWorcester,ColonelBirch,MajorWilde,andmany
HundredsbothatWorcester,andhereinLondon,andotherPlaceswereEyeWitnessesof:Manywhentheyhave
Page164
heardmyVoice,havebeentormentedinsostrangeamanner,thatnoonepresentcouldconceiveitlessthanaPossession
asIwillInstanceinoneatYorkhouse,(whereSirJohnHinton,ColonelTalbot,andmanyotherswerepresent)whohad
somewhatwithinher,whichwouldswellherBodytothatexcessiveDe|gree,onasudden,asifitwouldburstherandthen
assoonasIputmyHandonthatpartofherBody,whereitdidriseup,itwouldflyuptoherThroat,orsomeotherplace,

andcauseherNecktoswellhalfsobigagain,andthenalmostChoakher,thenBlindher,andmakeherDumb,andFoam,
andsometimesflyintoherHand,andsocon|tractandfast'nit,thatneitherSirJohnHinton,oranyelsethatdidtry(as
thereweremany)couldwithalltheirstrengthopenoneFingerofherhand,norwoulditflyhisHandintheleast,norany
otherPersonsthere,tillIputmyHandonit,ormyGlovenay,Ioften|timesbroughtitupintoherTongue,byrunningmy
HandonherBody,ontheout|sideofherCloaths,uptoherThroat,whichwasswoll'ninanInstantasbigagain,andhas
beenseenplainlytoflyfromplacetoplace,andatlengthwithgreatviolenceofBelching,whichdidalmostChoakher,
andforceherEyestostartoutofherHead,itwentforth,andsotheWomanwenta|waywell.WhetherthiswereaNatural
Di|stemperletanyoneJudge,thatiseitherDi|vine,Philosopher,orPhysician.IcouldIn|stanceyouinFortyasstrange,or
strangerbutIwillgonofartherthenLondon,andPla|cesadjoyning,forInstancesofthisNature.

Page165
Headdsbeneath,
ThatgoingtotheTownofCopoqueeninIreland,thereweremanyPoorPeoplethatcameoutofEngland,forseveral
Distemperstheylabour'dunderandamongtherest,twothathadtheFallingSickness,whonosoonersawme,butthey
fellintotheirFitsimmediately,anduponputtingmyHandsonthem,theywererestor'dtotheirSensesforthwithandhe
pursuedtheirPainsfromplacetoplace,tilltheywentoutofthem.
SofarMr.Greatrix.
Herewefind,thatasthePersonsAfflictedinNewEngland,assoonastheylook'dontheAf|flictors,orsobythem
suppos'd,fellintotheirFits,andwererestor'dtothemselvesupontheAfflictorstouchingthem,sotheDistemper'd
Persons,assoonastheylook'donMr.Greatrix,fellintotheirFits,anduponhistouchingthemwererecover'd.
TherewasaBookPrintedinLondon,An.1656.intitl'd,EnthusiasmusTriumphatus,writ|tenbyonewhoassum'dthe
NameofPhiloso|philusParresiastesneartheendofwhich,wefindaRelationofaPerson,whohadaPowerof
healingbystroaking,likethatofMr.Grea|trix.TheRelationisthus,p.57.It'sve|rycrediblyReported,andIthink
cannotbedeny'd,ThatonebythestroakingofaMansArm,thatwasdeadanduselesstohim,re|cover'dittolifeand
strength.WhenIheardofit,andreadsomefewPagesofthatMira|culousPhysicianswriting,myJudgmentwas,that
theCurewasNatural,butthathisBloodandSpiritswereboil'dtothatheight,thatitwouldhazardhisBrain,which
provedtrueforhewasstarkmadnotverylongafter.
Page166

Now,however,thisPersonmighthaveva|luedhisSkillinjudgingofanensuingmad|nessinsuchCases,theeffect
havingfollowedhereaccordingtohisguessyetwefinditwillnotholdinallCases,Mr.Greatrixhavingalwaysliv'd
freefromanysuchSequel.
ToproceedtootherAccountsofPersons,whohavehadaPerceptionofGenii,orSpi|ritsnotvisibleatthesametimeto
othersTheFamousTorquatusTasso,PrinceoftheItalianPoets,stronglyassertedhisownExperienceinthatkind.His
Lifewaswritandpublish'dinFrench,An.1692.byD.C.D.D.U.whoinhisPrefacetellsus,thatinwhathehaswrit,
hehasfollowedchieflytheHistorygivenusinItalian,byJohnBaptistaManso,aNeapolitan,Gent.whohadbeena
veryIntimateFriendtoTasso.InhisLife,amongotherthings,heac|quaintsus,thatTassowasNaturallyofthat
MelancholickTemperament,whichhasalwaysmadethegreatestMen,andthatthisTempe|ramentbeingaggravatedby
manyhardshipshehadundergone,ithadmadehimsometimesbesidehimselfandthatthoseMelancholickVapours
beingdissipated,hecameagaintohimself,likethosethatreturnfromFitsoftheFallingSickness,hisSpiritbeingfree
asbefore.ThatnearhislaterendheretiredfromtheCi|tyofNaples,tohisFriendManso,atBisaccia,asmallTownin
theKingdomofNaples,whereMansohadaconsiderableEstateandpass'danAutumnthere,intheDivertisementsof
theSeason,asHunting,visitingLadies,andfre|quentingotherCompanies,&c.AndheretheFrenchAuthorgivesusan
AccountofTasso'sSen|siblePerceptionofaGenius,asfollows.AsaftertheseAmusementsheusuallyretir'dtohis
Page167
Chamber,toentertainhimselftherewithhisFriendManso,thelaterhadtheOpportunitytoenquireintooneofthemost
singulareffectsofTasso'sMelancholy,ofthisHeroickMelan|choly,asImaycallit,whichrais'dhisSpirit,sofaritwas
fromrendringitobscureandwhich,amongtheAncients,wouldhavecaus'dthemtohaveascrib'daFamiliarDaemon
tohim,astoSocrates.Theywereofteninanhotdis|puteconcerningthisSpirit,withwhichTassopretendedtohavea
Communication.IamtoomuchyourFriend,saidManso,tohim,oneDay,nottoletyouknowwhattheWorldthinksof
youconcerningthisthing,andwhatIthinkofitmyself.Isitpossiblethatbeingenlightn'dasyouare,youshouldbe
fall'nintosogreataWeakness,astothinkyouhaveaFa|miliarSpiritandwillyougiveyourEnemies,thatAdvantage,
tobeabletoprovebyyourownacknowledgment,whattheyhavepub|lish'dtotheWorld?Youknowtheysayyoudid
notpublishyourDialogueoftheMessenger,asaFiction,butyouwouldhaveMenbelievethattheSpiritwhichyou
maketospeakthere,wasarealandtrueSpiritsothatMenhavethencedrawnthisInjuriousConsequence,thatyour
Studieshaveembroil'dyourImagination,sothatthereismadeinitaconfus'dMixtureoftheFictionsofthePoets,the
InventionsofthePhilosophers,andtheDoctrineofReligion.IamnotIgnorant,answer'dTasso,ofallthatisspread
abroadintheWorldontheAccountofmyDialogue:IhavetakencarediverstimestodisabusemyFriends,bothby
Letter,andwordofMouth.Ipreventedev'ntheMalig|nityofmyEnemies,asyouknow,atthetimeIpublish'dmy
Dialogue.Mencouldnot
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beIgnorantthatIcompos'ditfortheYoungPrinceofMantua,towhomIwouldexplain,afteranagreeableManner,the
PrincipalMy|steriesofthePlatonickPhilosophy.ItwasatMantuaitself,aftermysecondflightfromFer|rara,thatI
form'dtheIdeaofit,andIcom|mittedittoPaperalittlewhileaftermyunfor|tunatereturn.Iaddress'dittothisPrince,
andallMenmighthavereadintheEpistleDedicatory,theProtestationItheremake,thatthisDialoguebeingwrit
accordingtotheDo|ctrineofthePlatonicks,whichisnotalwaysconformabletoreveal'dTruths,Menmustnot
confoundwhatIexposethereasaPhilosopher,withwhatIbelieveasaChristian.ThisDistin|ctionisbysomuchthe
morereasonable,thatatthattimenothingextraordinaryhadhappen'dtome,andIspakenotofanyApparition.Thiscan
beattestedbyallthosewithwhomIlodged,orfrequentedinthisVoyageandthereforethereisnoreasonfor
confoundingtheFictionofmyDialoguewithwhathashap|pen'dtomesince.Iamperswadedofallyousaytome,
reply'dManso,buttrulyIcannotbeofwhatyoubelieve,atpresent,concerningyourself.WillyouImaginetoyourself,
thatyouareinCommercewithaSpirit?AndIaskyouofwhatOrderisthatSpirit?ShallusplacehimintheNumberof
theRebels,whomtheirPrideprecipitatedintotheAbyss?OroftheIntelligenceswhocontinuedfirminFaith,and
SubmissiontotheirCreator?ForthereisnomeantotakeinthetrueReligion,andwemustnotfallintothe
ExtravagancesoftheGnomesandSilphes,oftheCabalists.
Page169
Now,theSpiritinquestioncannotbeaDaemon,youown,thatinsteadofInspiringyouanythingcontrarytoPietyand
Religi|on,heoftenfortifiesinyoutheMaximsofChristianityhestrengthensyourFaithbyprofoundReasonings,and
hasthesamere|spectwithyouforSacredNamesandThings.NeithercanyousaythatIt'sanAngelfortho'youhave
alwaysledaRegularLife,andfarfromallDissoluteness,tho'forsomeYearspastyouhaveapply'dyourselfaftera
parti|cularmannertotheDutiesofaTrueChri|stian,youwillagreewithmethatthesesortsofFavoursarenotcommon
thataManmusthaveattainedtoanhighdegreeofSancti|ty,andnotbefarfromthePurenessofCe|lestialSpiritsto
meritafamiliarConverse,andbearanHarmonywiththem.Believeme,thereisnothinginalltheseDiscourseswhich
youimagineyouhavewiththisSpirit.YouknowbetterthananyManthoseSymptoms,whichtheblackHumours
where|withyouareTormented,causesinyou.YourVapoursarethesourseofyourVisions,andyourselfwouldnot
judgeotherwiseofano|therPerson,towhomalikethingshouldhap|penandyouwillcometothisinyourownrespect
also,ifyouwillmakeamaturereflection,andapplyyourselftoblotout,byaneffortofReason,theseImaginations
whichtheviolenceofyourevileffectcausesinyou.YoumayhaveReason,reply'dTasso,tothinksoofthethingsthat
passinmebut,astomyself,whohaveasensibleperceptionofthem,Iamforcedtoreasonafteranothermanner.Ifit
weretruethattheSpiritdidnotshewhimselftomebutintheViolentAssaultofmy
Page170
Vapours:Ifheoffer'dtomyImaginationbutwandringandconfus'dSpecies,with|outConnectionordueSequelifhe
usedtomefrivolousReasoningswhichendedinno|thingorifhavingbegunsomesolidReaso|ning,heleftitoffona
sudden,andleftmeindarkness,Ishouldbelieve,withyou,thatallthatpasses,isbutDreamsandFantomsbutit's

quiteotherwise.ThisSpiritisaSpiritofTruthandReason,andofaTruthsodistinct,ofaReasonsosublime,thathe
raisesmeoftentoKnowledgesthatareaboveallmyReaso|nings,tho'theyappeartomenolessclearthatheteaches
methingswhichinmymostProfoundMeditationsnevercameintomySpirit,andwhichIneverheardofanyMan,nor
readinanyBook.ThisSpiritthereforeissomewhatofRealofwhatsoeverorderhebe,Ihearhimandseehim,
never|thelessforitsbeingimpossibleformetocom|prehendanddefinehim.MansodidnotyieldtotheseFacts,which
Tassowouldhavepass'dforProofs:hepresthimwithnewQuestions,whichwerenotwithoutAnswers.Sinceyouwill
notbelievemeonmyWord,saidTassotohim,anotherDay,afterhavingwellDisputed,Imustconvinceyoubyyour
ownEyes,thatthesethingsarenotpureImaginations:andthenextDayconversingtogether,inthesameChamber,
Mansoperceivedthat,onasuden,hefixthisEyestowardstheWindow,andthathestood,asitwereImmovablehe
call'dtohim,andjogg'dhimmanytimes,butinsteadofAnsweringhimSeetheretheSpirit,saysTasso,atlast,thathas
beenpleasedtocomeandvisitme,andtoentertainhimselfwithmelookonhim,andyouwillacknowledgethe
Page171
TruthofwhatIsay.Manso,somewhatsur|prised,casthisEyestowardstheplaceheshew'dhim,andperceivednothing
buttheRaysoftheSunpassingthroughtheGlass:nordidheseeanythinginalltheChamber,tho'hecasthisEyes
rounditwithcuriosity,andhedesiredhimtoshewhimtheSpirit,whichhelook'dforinvain,whileheheardTasso
speakwithmuchVehemency.Hede|claresinaLetter,whichhewritconcerningthistotheAdmiralofNaples,thathe
reallyheardnootherVoicebutTasso'sownbuttheyweresometimesQuestionsmadebyhimtothepretendedSpirit,
sometimesAnswersthathemadetothepretendedQuestionsoftheSpirit,andwhichwereconceivedinsuchadmirable
Terms,soEfficacious,concerningSubjectssoElevated,andsoExtraordinary,thathewasRavish'dwithAdmiration,
anddarednottoInterrupthim.Hehearken'dthereforeAtten|tively,andbeingquitebesidehimselfatthismysterious
Conversation,whichendedatlastbyarecessoftheSpiritashefoundbythelastwordsofTassoafterwhichTasso
turninghim|selftohim,Well,saidhe,areyourdoubtsatlastdissipatedonthecontrary,answer'dManso,Iammore
ImbroyledthaneverIhavetrulyheardwonderfulthingsbutyouhavenotshew'dmewhatyoupromisedme.Youhave
seenandheard,resum'dTasso,perhaps,morethanhestopthereandManso,whocouldnotrecoverhimselfofhis
surprise,andhadhisHeadfill'dwiththeIdeasofthisextra|ordinaryentertainment,foundnothimselfinaconditionto
presshimfarther.MeanwhileheingagedhimselfnottospeakawordtoanyManofthesethingshehadheard,witha
de|sign
Page172
tomakethemPulick,tho'heshouldhavelibertygrantedhim.Theyhadmanyotherconversationsconcerningthis
Matter:afterwhichManso,own'dhewasbroughttothatpass,thatheknewnotwhattothinkorsay,only,thatifitwere
aweaknessinhisFriendtobelievetheseVisions,hemuchfear'ditwouldproveContagioustohim,andthatheshould
becomeatlast,ascredulousashimself.

IwaswillingtosetdownthisRelationatlarge,becauseIthinkitcontainsasufficientAnswertowhatmanyLearned
Friendshavesaidtomyself,onthelikeoccasion.
PerhapsitmaynotbeungratefultotheReader,ifIsubjoynheretheshortElogewritonTasso,bytheFamousThuanus
whichisasfollows.
TorquatusTassodiedabouttheFortyFifthYearofhisAge,aManofawonderfulandprodigiousWit,whowasseized
withanin|curableFuryinhisYouth,whenhelivedattheCourtofFerraraandneverthelessinlucidIntervalshewrit
manythingsbothinVerseandProse,withsomuchJudgment,Elegancy,andextreamCorrectnessofStyle,thathe
turn'd,atlength,thatPity,whichmanyMenhadconceivedforhim,intoanAmaze|mentwhilebythatFury,whichin
othersmakestheirMindsoutragious,ordullsthem,afteritwasover,hisUnderstandingbecameasitwerepurified,
morereadyinInventingthings,moreaccuteinaptlydisposingthemaftertheywereInvented,andmorecopiousin
adorningthemwithchoiceofWords,andweightofSentencesandthatwhichaManofthesoundestSensewould
scarceexcogitateathisLeisure,withthegreatestLabourand
Page173
Careimaginable,he,afteraviolentagitationoftheMind,setbesideitself,naturallyperform'dwithawonderful
Felicity,sothathedidnotseemstruckwithanalienationofMind,butwithaDivineFury.Hethatknowsnotthese
things,whichallMenknowthathavebeeninItaly,andconcerningwhichhimselfsome|timescomplains,tho'modestly,
inhisWri|tingslethimReadhisDivineWorks,andhemustnecessarilyconclude,eitherthatIspeakofanotherMan
thanTasso,orthatthesethingswerewrittenbyanotherManthanTasso.
WhatshallwesayofHorace,astoasensibleperceptionofSpirits,whoseemstodesirePo|steritytobelievehim,where
hesays,

BachuminremotisCarminamontibus
Vididocentem,crediteposteri,
Nymphasquediscentes,*&aures
Capripedumsatyrorumacutas
Evoerecentimenstrepidatmetu.
BacchusindistantRocksI'veseen
TeachCharms,andNymphstolearnofhim.
Believeit,andtheprick'dupEars
OfGoatfeetSatyrs.Oh!itScares

Mestilltothinkon'twithnewFears.

AndIknownotwhyHorace(tho'anEpi|curean)beingEnthusiasticallyraised,mightnothaveseenApparitions,as
wellasotherMen:aswhenwithaScaldedImagination,hecry'sout,
QumeBachaeraptistui
Plenum?quonemora,*autquosagorinspecus
Veloxmentenov?

Page174
CruquiushaswritaLearnedCommentontheformerOdeofHorace,whichIrecommendtotheCuriousReaders
perusal:hetherere|flectsonLambinus,who,inhisCommentonthesameOde,says,
CredatJudaeusApella,
NonEgo
henothavingdulyexaminedtheScopeofthatDivinePoet,inthatOde.
Havingaver'dmyownExperienceinseeingGenii,orSpirits,IshallconcludethisChapterwithwhatthemost
IngeniousPoetsaysofhimself,inthelikecase.

Factacanam,sederuntquimefinxisseloquantur,
Null{que}mortalinuminavisaputuent.
EstDeusinnobisagitantecalessimusillo
ImpetushicSacraeseminamentishabet,
FasmihipraecipuvultusvidisseDeorum
*
Velquiasumvates,velquiaSacracano.
They'reFactsI'llSing,tho'somemaysayIfeign,
AndthinknoGodswereeverseenbyMan.
GodReignsinus,by'sActingswetakeFire

SuchSalleys,SeedsofSacredMindInspire.
OfallMenImayfreelyGodsbehold,
OrcauseI'mProphet,orGodsTruthsUnfold.

Page175
CHAP.V.WhatperceptionMenhavehadofGenii,orSpirits,andtheirOperationsbytheSenseofHearing.

THyraeustellsus,*ThatGodproposedtoHimself,inhiswayofactingwithMen,First,torenderHimselfFamiliarto
themafterwards,insucceedingTimes,toremitsomewhatofHisFamiliarityatlasttoGo|vernMen,notbyHimself,
butbyMen.
ThemostfamiliarwaythatGodhasmani|festedHimselftoMen,hasbeenbypresentingHimselfinanoutward
appearance,andspeak|ingtoMeninanHumaneShape.Hecamesomewhatshortofthis,whenhewasonlyheardand
notseen.It'sInferiortobothwhenhewasneitherseennorheard,butin|sinuatedHimselfinaDream,ortheFancythe
lowestdegreewaswhenheoccupiedonlytheunderstandingofMan.
Ifwerunover,andexamineallGodsma|nifestationsofHimself,weshallfind,forthemostpart,thattothefirstMen
GodoftenestpresentedhimselfinanoutwardhumaneForm:Afterwards,ThatwithlaterMenhehadDis|courses,
hidinghisexternalForm.Thirdly,ThathewasneitherseeninapersonalShape,norhisVoiceperceiv'd,buthe
accomplish'dmanythingsinDreams.Fourthly,Thatheen|lighten'dtheMindyetitmustnobethought
Page176
thatGodsonicelyorv'dthisRule,thatheneverpass'ditbyforwhenhehasappear'dinanoutwardForm,hehasoften
alsobeenheard,oftenappear'dinDreams,oftenen|lighten'dtheUnderstanding.Again,inlaterTimesalso,sometimes
Hehasbeenseen,some|timesheardbutIrelatewhathashappen'dforthemostpart.
TheMindsofMenbeingatlengthpractis'd,HeaffordedthemhisPresence,partlybyOracles,whichhegaveViv
VocepartlytheUnder|standingbeingenlighten'dbyHimself,andtheMinistryofAngels,He,inamanner,with|drew
Himself,andgovern'dMenbyMen,asHisDeputiesandleftthem,inamanner,tothemselves,asHenowGoverns
them.SofarThyraeus.
IhavepremittedthisfromThyraeus,togiveageneralNotionoftheManifestationsofGod,andtheIntellectualWorld
toMan:ThisDo|ctrinebeingstronglyback'dbytheScriptures,anddeliver'ddowntousfromallAgesaslikewisethat

Genii,Spirits,Angels,andDaemons,havemanifestedthemselvestoManafterthelikemanners.
*

NowThyraeustellsusfarther,ThatastheseManifestationsdifferinexcellencyaccordingtothedignityofthePowers
theyaremadetoandeachPowerhasitsDignity,accordingasitisabstractedfromMattersotheSight,inthisregard,
exceedingtheHearingtheIma|gination,theSighttheUnderstanding,theImaginationthemostexcellent
Manifestati|onwillbetheIntellectual,nexttheImaginary,thentheVisible,and,inthelastplace,theVocal.
Page177
AsIpretendtoconsiderchieflythesetwolastways,andhavealreadygiv'nAccountsinreferencetotheSenseof
Seeing,IshallheregiveInstancesofwhatperceptionMenhavehadofGenii,orSpiritsbytheSenseofHearing,the
ma|nifestationofSocrates'sGenius,beforemention'd,beingbyaVoice,andmanyhavingheardstrangeVoicesor
Noises,whohaveneverseenanything.AndastotheseVoicesorNoisesheard,wemustconsidertheminatwofold
respect:EitheronlythePersonconcern'dhearsthem,andnototherspresentatthesametime,(asitwastheCaseof
Socrates)ortheyareheardbyallPersonspresent.Ishallthere|forefirstgiveafewInstancesofthelatter,andthenof
theothers:onlynotingbytheby,whatWierussaysoftheseVoicesorNoises,viz.*
Spiritsappearsometimesinvisibly,sothatonlyaSound,orVoice,orNoiseisperceiv'dbyMen,viz.aStroke,or
Knocking,orWhistling,orSneezing,orGroaning,orLamenting,orclappingoftheHands,tomakeMenattendto
Enquire,orAnswer.
SofarWierus.
InLuther'sColloquiaMensalia,*&c.setforthinLatinatFrancfort,An.1571,itbeingadif|ferentCollectionfromthat
ofAurifaber,whichistranslatedfromtheHighDutchintoEnglish,wehavethefollowingRelation.
Ithappen'dinPrussia,thatasacertainBoywasBorn,therepresentlycametohimaGe|nius,orwhatyoupleasetocallit
(forIleaveittoMensJudgments)whohadsofaithfulacareoftheInfant,thattherewasnoneedei|therofMotheror
Servantandashegrewuphehadalikecareofhim:HewenttoSchoolwithhim,butsothathecouldnever
Page178
beseen,eitherbyhimself,oranyother,inallhisLife.Afterwards,hetravelledintoItaly,heaccompanyedhim,and
whensoeveranyEvilwasliketohappentohim,eitherontheRoad,orintheInn,hewaspercei|vedtoforetelitbysome
touchorstrokehedrewoffhisBootsasaServantifheturn'dhisJourneyanotherway,hecontinuedwithhim,havingthe

samecareofhiminforetellingEvilatlengthhewasmadeaCanon,andas,onatime,hewassitting,andfeastingwithhis
Friends,inmuchJolity,avehementStrokewasstruckonasudden,ontheTable,sothattheywereallterrifiedpresently
theCanonsaidtohisFriends,benotafraid,somegreatEvilhangsovermyHeadthenextDayhefellintoaFever,and
theFitcon|tinuedonhimforthreewholeDays,tillhediedMiserably.
*

TheSecondInstance,Ishallgive,isfromBodin,whichthoughithasbeenPrintedinEnglishalready,yetitrelatingto
thePointIamtreatingof,andcontainingmanyperti|nentInstances,Ihavethoughtfittoinsertithere.Hewrites
thereforeasfollows
Icanassureyou,aPersonnowlivinghastoldme,hehadaSpiritDailyattendinghim,andthathebegantohave
knowledgeofhim,aboutthe37thYearofhisAge,thoughhebeliev'dhehadaccompanyedhimallhisLifebypre|ceding
DreamsandVisionshehadtokeephimfromVicesandInconveniciesbutheneversensiblyperceivedhim,ashehad
donesincehis37thYearwhichhappen'dtohim,hesays,havingforaYearbeforecontinuallypray'dtoGodheartily,
MorningandEvening,thathewouldpleasetosend
Page176
himaGoodAngel,toguidehiminallhisActi|ons.Since,ashetoldme,hebeguntohaveveryInstructiveDreamsand
Visions,some|timesforhimtoCorrectoneVice,some|timesanother,sometimesforkeepinghimselffromDanger,
sometimesforresolvinghimofoneDifficulty,sometimesofanotherandthisnotonlyconcerningDivine,butlike|wise
Humanethings.Amongothers,heseem'dtohearaVoiceofGod,inhissleep,sayingtohim,IwillsavethySoul.ItisI
thatappear'dtotheebeforesincethateveryMorning,aboutThreeorFouroftheClock,theSpiritknock'dathisDoor,
andherosesometimes,andopen'dhisDoor,butsawnoBodyandeveryMorningtheSpiritconti|nued,andifhedidnot
riseheknock'dagain,andkepthimwakingtillherose,thenhebe|gantobeafraid,thinkingitsomeEvilSpirit,ashesaid
andthereforecontinuedtoPraytoGod,withoutfailingaDay,thathewouldsendhimaGoodAngel,andoftensungthe
Psalms,whichhecouldsayinamannerallbyheart,andthentheSpiritmadehimselfknowntohim,ashewasawake,
strikingsoftlythefirstDay,sothathesensiblyper|ceiv'dmanystrokesonaGlassViol,whichverymuchamaz'dhimand
twoDaysafterhavingaFriendofhis,theKing'sSecretary,whoisstillliving,diningwithhim,theSe|cretaryheardthe
Spiritstrikeafterthatman|ner,onalittleStoolstandingbyhimwhere|uponhebeguntolookRed,andtofear,buthesaid
tohim,benotafraid,it'snothinghowever,togivehimanassurance,herelatedtohimtheTruthoftheFactnow,hehas
assur'dme,thatsincetheSpirithasalways
Page180

Accompanyedhim,givinghimasensiblesign,astouchinghimsometimesbytherightEar,ifhedidsomewhatthatwas
notGoodandbyhisleftEarifhedidWellandifanyonecametodeceiveandsurprisehim,hepresent|lyperceiv'dthe
signathisrightEarandifitweresomegoodMan,andcameforhisGood,heperceiv'dalsothesignathisleftEarandif
hewereabouttoEatorDrinkanythingthatwasEvil,heperceiv'dthesignifhedoubtedofdoingorundertaking
some|thing,thesignalhappen'dtohim.IfhethoughtofsomeEvilthing,andwasatastand,hepresentlyperceiv'dthesign
toputhimofffromit:SometimeswhenhebegantoPraiseGod,withsomePsalm,ortospeakofhisWonders,hefound
himselfseizedwithacertainSpiritualforce,whichgavehimCourage.AndforhimtodiscernaDreambyInspirationfrom
thoseidleFanciesthathappen,whenaPersonisindispos'd,ortroubledinMind,hewasawak'dbytheSpi|ritaboutTwo,
orThreeoftheClockintheMorning,andfallingasleepalittleafter,hehadtrueDreamsofwhatheoughttodo,or
believe,orofdoubtshehad,orofwhatwouldhappentohimsothatsincethattime,hesays,thereisscarceathingthat
hashappen'dtohim,buthehashadanAd|vertisementofitnoradoubtofthingsthatheoughttobelieve,buthehashadit
resolv'd,hedulyPrayingtoGodtoteachhimhisWill,Law,andTruthandasforhisComport|mentotherwise,hewasofa
JoyousDisposi|tionenough,inallhisActions,andofaGaySpirit,alledgingtothispurposethatPassageoftheScripture,
whichsays,IsawtheCoun|tenances
Page181
oftheAngelsjoyful.Ifhechanc'dinCompanytosaysomeEvilword,orforboresomeDaystoPraytoGod,hewas
presentlyadvertiz'dinhisSleep.IfhereadinaBookthatwasnotGood,theSpiritstruckontheBooktomakehimleave
offandhewasas|soondirected,ifhedidanythingagainsthisHealth,andwascarefullyguardedinhisSickness.Inshort,
hehastoldmesomanyParticulars,thatitwouldbeendlesstorelatethemallbutaboveall,hewasadvertis'dtoriseinthe
Morning,andcommonlyaboutFouroftheClock,andsays,heheardaVoiceinhissleepwhichsaid,Whoisitthatwill
risefirsttoserveGod?Hesaysalso,hewasoftenadver|tis'dtogiveAlms,andthemoreAlmshegave,themorehefound
hisAffairstoprosperandashisEnemieshadresolvedtokillhim,know|ingthathewastogobyWater,hehadaVisionin
hisDream,thathisFatherbroughthimtwoHorses,oneRed,andtheotherWhitewhichmadehimsendtohiretwo
Horses,andhisManbroughthimtwoHorses,oneRed,andtheotherWhite,hehavingnottoldhimofwhatColourhe
wouldhavethem.Iask'dhim,whyhespokenotopenlytotheSpiritheanswer'dme,thatheoncepray'dhimtospeakto
him,butpresentlytheSpiritstruckwithviolenceagainsttheDoor,asthoughithadbeenwithanHammergivinghimto
Understand,thathetooknoPleasureinit,andoftenheputhimbyofreadingandwriting,thathemightgiveresttohis
Mind,andMe|ditatealone,hehearingoftenaverysubtleandinarticulateVoice.Iask'dhimifhehadneverseentheSpirit
inaForm,hetoldme,hehadneverseenanythingwaking,unless
Page182
itwereasortofaLight,inaroundForm,andveryclear.
IomitsomeotherImmate|rialParticularsconcerningthisPersoninBo|din,whoconcludeshisRelationofhimthus.

IwaswillingtorelatewhatIhaveknownfromsuchaPerson,toletMenunderstand,thatanAssociationwithEvilSpirits
oughtnottobelook'duponasstrange,ifAngels,andGoodSpiritshavesuchaSocietyandIntelli|gencewithMen.Butas
forwhathesays,thattheGoodAngeltouch'dhisEar,thisiswellnotedintheBookofJob,chap.33.andinIsaiah,chap.
50.wherehesays,DominusvellicaritmihiauremdiluculoandJobsaysitbetteryet,discoveringtounderstandingMen
theSecret,bywhichGodbylittleandlittlemakeshimselfsensiblyknownandasforwhathesays,heheardstrikingwith
anHammer,wereaditwasthefirstMarkoftheProphets,forintheBookofJudges,it'ssaidofMnoa,thattheAngelof
Godbegantoknockbeforehim,asRabbiDavidsays,wheretheHebrewword,Lepaghamo,signifiestoknock,andto
sound,ringorting,fromthewordPahmon,whichsignifiesalittleBell,orTa|brette,&c.
SofarBodin.
Mr.Baxter,inhisHistoricalDiscourseofAp|paritionsandWitches,writesthus.ThereisnowinLondonan
Understanding,Sober,PiousMan,oftoneofmyHearers,whohasanEl|derBrother,aGentlemanofconsiderable
Rank,whohavingformerlyseem'dPious,oflateYearsdoesoftenfallintotheSinofDrun|kennessheoftenLodges
longtogetherhereinhisBrother'sHouseandwhensoeverheisDrunk,andhasslepthimselfSober,somethingKnocks
athisBed'sHead,asifone
Page183
knock'donaWainscotWhentheyremovehisBed,itfollowshim:BesideotherloudNoisesonotherPartswhereheis,
thatalltheHousehears,theyhaveoftenwatch'dhim,andkepthisHands,lestheshoulddoithimself:hisBrotherhas
oftentolditme,andbroughthisWife,adiscreetWoman,toattestitwhoaverrs,morever,thatasshewatch'dhim,she
hasseenhisShooesundertheBedtakenup,andnothingvisibletouchthem.TheybroughttheManhimselftome,and
whenweask'dhim,howhedareSinagain,aftersuchawarning,hehasnoExcuse:butbeingPersonsofQua|lity,for
somespecialReasonofWorldlyIn|terest,ImustnotNamehim.TwothingsareRemarkableinthisInstance.1.Whata
PowerfulthingTemptationandFleshlyCon|cupiscenceis,andwhatanharden'dHeartSinbringsMentoifonerose
fromtheDeadtowarnsuchSinners,itwouldnotofitselfperswadethem.
2.ItPosesmetothinkwhatkindofSpi|ritthisis,thathassuchacareofthisMan'sSoul,whichmakesmehopehewill
recover.DogoodSpiritsdwellsonearus?or,AretheysentonsuchMessages?or,IsithisGuardianAngel?or,Isitthe
SoulofsomeDeadFriend?thatsuffers,andyetretainingLovetohim,asDivestohisBrethren,wouldhavehimsa|ved?
GodyetkeepssuchthingsfromusintheDark.ThesameAuthor,inhissaidBookhasinsertedaRelationsenthimbya
GentlemaninaLetter,concerningstrangeNoises,asfol+lows.
Mr.Harlakenden,wholiv'datColnPrioryinEssex(whereIoftenwas,hisSonbeingmyPupil)formerlytheHouseofthe
EarlsofOx|ford

Page184
offfromtheHousewasaTombHouse,withaChamberoverithisButler,RobertCrow,andWilliamhisCoachman,us'd
tolieinthatRoomattwooftheClockintheMorningtherewasalwaysthesoundofagreatBelltollingtheyaffirmingit
so,Mr.HarlakendensleptintheEvening,soastobeawak'datoneoftheClock,andlaybetwixthistwoServantsto
satisfiehimselfattwooftheClockcomestheusualsoundofagreatBelltolling,whichputhimintoafrightandsweat,so
ashejog'dhisServantswhoa|waking,said,Hark!TomisathisSport.Itreviv'dhimtohearthemspeak.Uponaparticular
occasion,Mr.ThomasShepherd(whoafterwardswenttoNewEngland)withsomeotherMinisters,andgoodPeople,
spentaNightinPrayer,andhadsomerespecttotheplace,servingGod,tocastouttheDevilandfromthattime,never
wasanysuchNoiseheardintheChamber.ThisIhadfromMr.Harlakenden'sownMouthandhisServants,ear
Witnesses,whenIwasupontheplace.
SofarthisAccount.
AnotherRelationinthiskind,IhavesentmeinaLetterbyanIngeniousandLearnedClergyManofWiltsire,whohad
givenmetheRelationbefore,bywordofMouth.Itisasfollows.
NearEightyYearssince,intheParishofWilcot(whichisbytheDevizes)intheVi|car'sHousethere,washeardfora
considera|bletime,thesoundofaBellconstantlytollingeveryNighttheoccasionwasthisaDe|bauch'dPersonwholiv'd
intheParish,cameoneNightverylate,anddemandedtheKeysoftheChurchoftheVicar,thathemight
Page185
ringaPeal,whichtheVicarrefus'dtolethimhave,alledgingtheunseasonablenessofthetime,andthatheshouldby
grantinghisdesires,giveadisturbancetoSirGeorgeWroughton,andhisFamily,whoseHousead|joyn'dtotheChurch
Yard.Uponthisre|fusaltheFellowwentawayinaRage,threat|ningtobereveng'doftheVicar,andgoingsometimeafter
totheDevizesmetwithoneCantle,orCantlow,aPersonnotedinthoseDaysforaWizardandhetellshimhowthe
Vicarhadserv'dhim,andbegshishelptobeevenwithhim.ThereplyCantelmadehimwasthisDoeshenotLove
Ringing?Heshallhaveenoughofit:Andfromthattime,aBellbegantotollinhisHouse,andconti|nuedsotodotill
Cantel'sDeath,whoconfess'd,atFishertonGoal,inSarum,(wherehewasconfin'dbyKingJamesduringhisLife)thathe
caus'dthatsound,andthatitshouldbeheardinthatplaceduringhisLife.ThethingwassoNotorious,thatPersonscame
fromallPartstohearit:AndKingJamessentaGen|tlemanfromLondon,onpurposetogivehimsatisfactionconcerning
thetruthoftheRe|port.
ThisRelationIhadfromFrancisWroughtonEsqSirGeorge'sSon,wholiv'dmorethanNinetyYearsheneverheardthesound
oftheBell,beingabroadatSchool,buthehashearditaverr'dtobetrue,byalltheNeighboursofreputeandparticularlyoften
byhisFather,whowasatnosmallExpenceinEntertainingStrangers,whosecuriosityledthemthither.Ihaveonlythis

Circumstancetoadd,ThatthesoundwasheardonlybythosewhowereintheHouse,nay,ifanyoneputhisHeadoutofthe
Window,hecouldnothearthesound,
Page186
whichyettheyatthesametimedid,whowereintheRoom.
TheGentleman'sNamewhosentmethisRelation,isWroughton,andisofSirGeorge'sFamily.
Beda,treatingoftheSevenWondersoftheWorld,tellsus,ThatintheCapitalatRome,therewereStatuessetupforall
thePro|vincesConquer'dbytheRomans,orImagesoftheirGodsandthatontheBreastsoftheSta|tuestheNamesof
theNationswerewritten,andlittleBellswerehungabouttheirNecks,andPriestswereappointedtoattendthere
Suc|cessivelyDayandNight,toguardthoseSta|tues,andtoobservethemwithgreatAttenti|on,whetheranyofthem
mov'd,andcaus'dthelittleBelltoring,bywhichtheyknewwhatNationwasabouttorebelagainsttheRo|mansof
whichthePriestsgavetheRomanPrincesNotice,whopresentlyprovidedforthingsaccordingly.
AngelusRocca,l.deCampan.c.6.tellsusofmanyBells,thatwerewonttosoundbeforePersonsDeathsoftheirown
accord.AccountsofthelikeNaturehavingbeengivenusbyo|therWriters:AndMonsieurdeL'Ancre,inhisBook
intitl'd,OftheInconstancyofDaemons,andevilSpirits,tellsus,ThatintheTownofBour|deaux,therewasanhonest
CanonofaChurch,whohadhisHouseforsometimetroubl'dwithSpirits,andthatamongotherthings,therewas
heardalmosteveryNightakindofMu|sick,likethatofanEspinette,setwithcertainlittleBells,soPleasant,thatthis
partlytookfromhimthefearandapprehensionoftheSpi|rits.
Kircher,inhisObeliseusPamphilius,p.544.tells
Page187
us,TheAegyptiansthought,thatbythesoundoftheSistrum,theirPriestswerevariouslyin|spir'dforperformingWorks
ofDivination,whichJamblicuswellexplains,saying,
Va|riouskindsofMotionsintheWorld,answertovariousOrdersoftheGods,andcertainkindstocertainofthemnow
fromtheseva|riousMelodiesflow,whichlikewiseagree,eachbytheirMotions,tocertainGodsinOr|der,thePrinciplesof
thoseMotions.Thesebeingeverywhere,bestowtheirGiftschieflytothosethatbelongtothem,arechieflypre|sentto
SoundsandMelodiesthatchieflyagreetothem,andinsinuatingthemselvesintoourSpiritsaffectedwiththem,they
possesstheMan,andpresentlywhollyWorkinhimbytheirEssenceandPower.

IshallconcludethisChapter,withaRela|tionsomewhatinthiskindfromParacelsustho'howfarSpiritsmaybe
concern'dintheMat|ter,Ishallnotdetermine.
HebeginstheSixthBookofhisArchidoxes,thus.NoMancandenybutCompositionsofMetals,mayWorkwonderful
thingsinSuper|naturals,whichmaybemadegoodbymanyProofs,asIshallclearlyshewbeneathforifyou
CompoundalltheSevenMetalsinadueOrderandfittime,andmeltthemtogether,asitwereintooneMass,youwill
havesuchaMetal,inwhichalltheVirtuesoftheSevenPlanetsarejoyn'dtogetheryouwillfindalltheseVirtuesin
thatoneMetal,whichwecallElectrum.AndbeneathhewritesyoumustknowthatourElectrum(whichis
Com|poundedoftheSevenMetals)drivesawayallevilSpiritsforinourElectrum,theOperati|onoftheHeav'ns,and
InfluencesoftheSeven
Page188
Planetsarestor'dup.ThereforetheAncientPersianMagi,andtheChaldaeansfoundoutandperform'dmanythingsby
itsmeans.IcannothereconcealaverygreatMiracle,whichIsawwroughtbyaSpanishNercromancer,whohadaBell
notexceedingtwoPoundsWeight,which,asoftenasherung,hecouldcausetoappearabouthimmanySpiritsand
SpectresofvariousKindsforwhenhepleas'd,hedrewsomeWordsandCharactersontheinwardsur|faceoftheBell,
andafterwards,ifherungit,aSpiritpresentlyappear'dinanyFormhewouldhavehim:Bythesoundalsoofthesaid
Bellhecoulddrawtohimalso,ordrivefromhimmanyotherVisionsandSpirits,andevenMenandBeastsasIsaw
withmyEyesmanyofthesethingsdonebyhim:ButasoftenashewouldundertakesomeNewthing,sooftenhe
renewedhisWordsandCharactersbuthewouldnotrevealtometheSecretoftheseWordsandCharactersthough
deeplyconsi|deringthethingmyself,I,atlength,casuallyfounditwhichIshallnotheredisclose:butIplainlyenough
observ'd,therewasmoreIm|portanceintheBellthanintheWords,fortheBellwascertainlymadeofourElectrum.So
farParacelsus.
Imayherenote,ThatsomePersonshavetoldmyself,thattheyhaveseenaconstellatedPlatehereinLondon,madeof
suchElectrum,which,ifputunderaMan'sPillowatNight,willmakehimhearHeavenlyMusick.
Page189
CHAP.VI.WhatperceptionsomePersonshavehadofGenii,orSpirits,andtheirOperationsbytheSenseofHearing,whenothers
presenthaveheardnothing.

THO'asLudovicusVivessays,*GoodandEvilSpiritshavecertainActionsunknowntous,asMenhaveamong
themselves,whichBrutesunderstandnotforasMenmoveeachothersFanciesandMindsbyWords,Nods,Gestures,
Letters,orSignswhichsurpasstheKnowledgeofBrutessoSpiritualEssencesmayagitateourFancybysomeAction,
pro|per,andknownonlytothemselves,theIma|ginativefacultyfirstmov'dyetwedonotascribeallstrangethings

wroughtbytheFan|cy,totheOperationofSpiritsforasthesameAuthorsays,somebythemeerActionoftheFancy,
seemtohavegotthemselvespostedinastateofgreatHappiness,aswefindofhiminHorace.

fuithaudIgnobilisArgis,
QuisecredebatmirosaudireTragaedos,
InvacuoLaetussessorplausor{que}Theatro:
Caeteradumvitae,servaretmuniarecto
More:bonussanevicinus,ambailishospes,
Comisinvxorem:possetquiIgnoscereservis,
Page190
EtsignolaesononinsanireLagenae:
Possetquirupem&puteumvitarpatentem.
Hicubicognatorumopibus,curisquerefectus,
Expulithelleboromorbum,bilemquemeraco,
Etreditadsese,pol,meoccidistisamici
Nonservastis,ait,cuisicextortavoluptas,
Etdemptuspervimmentisgratissimuserror.
Nimirumsapereestabjectisutilenugis,
*Ettempestivumpuerisconcedereludum.
aGentlemanofGreece
ThoughtheheardActedwondrousTragedies
AndsateandclaptthematanopenStage,
Inallthingselsecomportinghimassage:
GoodNeighbourtruly,hospitableFriend,
KindtohisWife,ifServantsdidoffend
WouldeasilyPardon,noto'restirr'dtoWrath,
CouldshunaRockandPrecipiceinhisPath
ThisManbychargeandcareofFriendsbeingcur'd,
HisSensewithHeleboreandgoodWinerestor'd,
Whencomet'himself,cry'd,Friends,you'vekill'dm'outright,
Notsavedme,thusextortingmydelight.
Androbbingm'ofmymindsdelusiveJoys
It'sgoodtopleaseusthuswithabjecttoys,

AndinfittimetoallowtheirsporttoBoys.

ThisInstancewefindrelatestotheSenseofHearing,(HoracesayingheheardActors)whenonlythePersonconcern'd
Hears,thoughwemayprobablyjudgehesawtheActors,aswellasheardthem.SoGalentellsus,ofacertain
Physician,*nam'dTheophilus,whobeingillofaFever,heardMusicalInstrumentscontinuallyplayinginhisChamber,
andbeingrecover'dpersistedstilltoaffirmthethingreal.*SoBar|tholintellsus,ofaStudentofaMelancholick
Page191
Complexion,anddistractedwithGrieffortheDeathofaSister,whosaidheheardaCelestialkindofMusick.
WeknowitssaidofPythagorasandApollo|niusTyanaeus,ThattheyheardtheHarmonyoftheSpheres,whichtho'
someinterpretother|wise,Iknownotwhyitmaynotbethought,theyheardsomeCelestialHarmonythishaving
hapnedtoseveralPersonsbesidethemselves.AnAncientcontemplativeGent.nowlivinginLondon,hastoldme,That
forFortyYearspasthehadneverretiredtoContemplation,ashedailydid,butheheardanHeavenlyMusick:AndI
knowmanyotherswhohaveoftenheardthesame,asImustdeclareIhaveoftenhearditmyself,tho'otherPersons
presentwithusatthesametime,hearitnot,aswedo.
DelrioandTorreblancawrite,*ThattheHearingbeingvitiated,iswonttodeceiveus,asithappensinPersonstroubled
withtheMorbusImaginosusofwhichDistemperLearnedMenmaketwokinds,onemorecommonlycall'daFrensy,
whenPhantasmsarerepresentedtotheMindinvisibleSpecies:ConcerningwhichkindyoumaycousultCornelius
Celsus,andClae|liusAurelianus,andthisbelongstothedepra|vationoftheFancy:theotherkindiscalled
Corybantiasmus,whichtakesSleepfromtheSight,andvitiatestheEars,wherebyMenseemtohearRingingsand
Sounds.
ConcerningthisDiseaseScaligerwritesthus.CorybantiasmusisaDiseaseoftheImagination,*whichsuperstitious
Antiquitybeliev'dtobesentbytheCorybantes.Itseem'dtothePersonsaffectedwithit,thattheirarswerealways
filledwithaNoiseofMusickandSinging:thosewholabourunderthisDiseasearetroubled
Page192
withWatchings,orwantofSleep,oratleastwithalightSleep,havingtheirEyesopenfortheyhavealwaystheir
MindsintentonImageswhencethosethatSleepwiththeirEyesopenweresaidtoactliketheCorybantes,suchhaving
nosoundSleep,byreasonofImagesandSounds.SoVarroinPrometheoSatyr,

LevisomnamenssonorinasImagines
Affatur,nonumbraentursomnopupilla,
TothisrelatesthatPassageofPlautus,insomeComedyofhis,thenameofwhichisstillinquestion.
MecumhabetPatagusaesmorbus.
*

Whichpassage,intheNotessetforthbyGronoviusonMacrobiusisreferr'dtotheCory|bantes,orPriestsofCybele.
PatagusdenotingtheshakingoftheirHeads,Aestheconfus'dsoundofBrass.WhenceisthatofthePoet.
NecteprogenitumCybeleiusaeresooro
LustravitCorybas
TheDiseaseitselfiscalledCorybantiasmus.TothisClaudianseemstohavealluded.*
Impatiens{que}suiMorbus
AndLucretius,
Sollicitaeporroplenaequesonoribusaures.
ThewordPataguscomesfrom[gap:innonLatinalphabet],cumStrepitupalpito,ItemPercutio,ferio:For
whentheCorybanteswereraisedinaFury,theyshak'dtheirHeads,Danc'd,andrunagainsteach
Page193
eachother,strikingtheirBrassBucklers,andcausingaringingofBrass,notwithoutaRhythmicalCompositionofthe
DactyleFootfromwhichFoot,andMountIda,theywerecalledDactyliIdaei.

Nowtho'therebesuchaDisease,causingMusicalSoundsintheEar,thiscannotrationallybeimputedtoPythagoras,
Apollonius,ortheGen|tlemanIbeforementioned,andotherstheynotbeingtroubledwithwantofSleep,orshort
disturbedSleep,norSleepingwiththeirEyesopen,whicharesetforthasSymptomsofit.
Toproceedtogiveanaccountofaper|ceptionofotherSoundsbytheHearing,whichbysomeareimputedtoSpirits,by
otherstootherCauses,wefindamongthesuperstitiousobservationsoftheGentiles,ifanyPersonhadaRinginginhis
Ears,itwastakenasanOmenandasPlinysays,*itwasusualforPersonsabsenttoperceivethatothersweretalkingof
them,byaRingingintheEar:andtothispurposethereisanElegantLatinEpigram,writbyaveryancientPoet,and
firstmadepublickbyJosephScalliger,ashesays,*inhisNotesonAusonius

Garrulaquidtotisresonasmihinoctibusauris?
Nescioquemdicuntnuncmeminissemei.
Hicquissit,quaeris,resonanttibinoctibusaures,
EtresonunttotisDeliateloquitur.
NondubiloquiturmeDelia:mollioraura
Venit:&exilimurmuredulcfremit.
Delianonalitersecretasilentianoctis
Summissa,actenuirumperevocesolet.
Whyringal'nightmypratlingEar?theysay
Iknownotwhoistalkingnowofme.
Page194
Wouldyouknowwho?yourearallnightdoessound,
Allnight:It'sDelia'sVoicetheredoesrebound.
It'ssurelyDeliatalksofme,anoise
Comessoftandgently,withsweetmurmuringvoice,
Ev'nasmyDeliawithsoftvoicedelights
TobreakthesecretSilenceoftheNights.

AndasAeliantellsus,PythagorasthoughtsomewhatDivinelayhidintheseRingings,hesaying,thesoundwhich
veryoftenhappensintheEars,istheVoiceoftheGods,orDae|mons.

AsforthewaythatMenperceivetheseSoundsandVoices,*Rhodiginustellsus,thatSocratesperceivedhisSpiritby
Sense,notbytheSenseofhisBody,but,asthePlatonickswerefullyperswaded,bytheSenseoftheAethe|astrealBody
lyinghidwithinusafterwhichwayalsoAvicennathoughtAngelswerewonttobeseenandheardbytheProphetsfor
thewordsofDaemonspasseverywhere,*asPlutarchsays,buttheirsoundisonlyheardbythosethatkeeptheirMinds
inacalm,andcom|posedState,undisturbedbyPassions,whomwecallSacredandDemonialMen:unlesswehad
ratherexplainSocrates'sperceptionofhisDaemon,*accordingtoProclus,asfollows,TheVoicedidnotcometo
Socratespassivelyfromwithout,butanInspirationofhisDaemonfromwithin,proceedingthroughoutthewholeSoul,
andpassingtotheOrgansoftheSenses,aVoiceatlengthmanifesteditself,ascomingtoknowledge,notsomuchby
Sense,asbyConsentforsuchillustrationsarewonttohappenfromgoodDaemons,andtheGods.WhenceMaximus
Tyriussays,YouwonderSacratescametoafamiliaritywithaDaemon,
Page195
whowasasafriendlyProphettohim,andcontinuallysoattendedhim,thatheseem'd,asitwere,Interwovenwithhis
Mind.
SoPiccolomenisays,*SocratesheardthevoiceofhisDaemon,notwiththeEarofhisBody,butofhisMind:wherefore
othersdidnotHearit,foritwasaninternalrepresentationoftheVoicetothecommonSenseandFancy.
JamesGohoryalso,whotookonhimtheNameofLeoSuavius,inhisCommentonaPassageinParacelsus,l.5.de
vitalongac.3.tellsusofasoundthatismadebythePow|derofProjectionintheTransmutationofMetals,(whichI
thinkistobetakeninaSpiritualSense)ofwhichsoundhesaysthemysticalBooksoftheSpagyristsmakemention,as
Augurellus.
Indicioestetiamsonushincobtusus&aure
Deprehendihaudfacilis
Headds,TheAuthorofThedangerousFoun|tainsays,ThereismadeacertainMelody,whichsometimesceasesasit
werebytheMagickArt.Andelsewhere,thewonderfulsoundofastrangeBellstrikesmyEar.AndParacelsushimself
says,*Tympana{que}nobisAnonidi|dicareddunt:bythewordAnonididica,mean|inggentleAnodineSounds,
composingtheMind.
Cardanwritesthus:*NotonlyinallSneez|ings,butinotherkindsofPresagings,therearethesethingstobeobserved
First,thatitbenonaturalthing,butsomethingdifferingfromthenaturalasitwasinthatRinging,wherewithIwas
admonish'dformanyYears,ofanyFameorRumourconcerningmefor

Page196
thiswasnotliketoaMorbousaffect,whichnowIhavesometimesexperienceofforthisisinward,andasitwerefix'd
andtrouble|some,Light,andcomingfromwithout,andasitwereseparatemoreoveritshakesmywholeHead,astho'
itwouldcompelmetotakenoticeofitawonderfulthingtruly,andalmostIncredible:andit'sknownchieflyfromthis,
thatit'sFamiliar,andinamanneralwayshappenswhenIamuponsomebusinessofconcernnordoesithappenin
Diseases.SofarCardan.Weknowthecausesofcom|monRingingsintheEar.
*

Motus,longafames,vomitus,percussio,casus,
Ebrietas,Frigus,tinnitumcausatinaure.
ButtheseRingingsCardanspeaksof,areofanothernature,ofwhichIhavehadawoder|fulexperiencemyselftho'I
maynotexpressitasLutherdoes,*whoinhisTableTalktellsus,thatAn.1530,hewasatCoburg,wherehewas
plagu'dinsuchsortwithasoundingandring|inginhisEars,thatitwasasifaWindwentoutofhisHead,*theDevil
drivingit.
Ricoldus,inhisconfutationoftheLawgivenbyMahomettotheSaracens,writesthus.
MahometbeingtroubledwiththeFallingSickness(aDiseaseincidenttoGreatMen,asAristotleobservesinSocrates,
Callimachus,andHercules,*towhomwemayaddScotusandmanyothers)leastothersshouldthinkhimreally
troubledwithit,stillashefelldowninhisTrances,say'dthatanAngelConvers'dwithhim,andgavehimcertain
Answers,withthesoundofaBellinhisEar.InstarCampanaeauribuscrcumsonantis.
Page197
Now,asforhearingsoundsofBells,IneverheardofanyPerson,whohashadsomuchexperienceinthatkindasmy
selftho'IknowonePerson,andhavebeenwellinform'dofothers,whohavesometimesheardtheSoundsofBells
afterthesamemanner.ButintwoSpiritualVisitationsthathavehappen'dtome,someYearsdistancetheonefromthe
other(ofwhichImaygivesomeaccountinthisBook)IhaveheardBellsforseveralWeekstogether,andthatofall
sorts,fromthegreat|estChurchBells,toalittleHawk'sBell.SometimesIhaveheardaChurchBellgentlyTolling
sometimesBellsRinginginPealSo|lemnly,asataFuneralsometimesMerryroundRinging,asatWeddings:Forsome
Weekstogether,everyNight,assoonasIwasinBed,aSpiritcamewithalittleBellRinginginmyEar,andaVoice
alwaysTalk|ingtome,andmanyothervarietiesIhavehadinthatkind,andthatbothbyDayandbyNighttho'no
Personpresentwithmeatthesametime,hasheardanything,astheytoldme,uponmyenquiryofthem.Ihaveheard
everyNight,forsometime,HundredsofSpi|rits,coming,asitseem'dtome,firstatagreatdistance,Singing,and

RinginghandBells,whograduallyapproach'dmyHouse,theSoundseemingnearerandnearer,tillatlengththeycame
tomyChamberWindows,andsomewouldcomeintomyChamber.ThefirstRingingSoundIheard,wasofaBell
gentlyTollingatoneofmyChamberWin|dows,whichlookstotheSouthandatthesametime,atthesameWindow,I
heardaSpi|ritstrikinggentlestrokeswithasmallRod,asitseem'dtome,onaBrassPan,orBason,
Page198
tuninghisstrokestoacallheus'd,Comeawaytome,Comeawaytomeandjustuponitano|therSpirit,atanotherof
myChamberWin|dows,whichlook'dtotheEast,calledtomeinalouderandearnestTone,Comeawaytome,Come
awaytome.IshallhereforbearanyfartherparticularAccountinthiskind,astomyownExperience,andshallset
downsomewhatrelatingtowhatissaidbefore,astoRingingofBellsandBrass,practisedbytheAncientGentiles.
*

AngelusRocca,tellsus,ItwasbelievedbytheGentiles,thattheManes,orratherDaemonsweredrivenawaybythe
ringingofBrass,orBells,asitappearsfromOvid,wherehesaysoftheGhostsorManes.

Rursusaquamtangit,Temesae{que}concrepataera,
Etrogatuttectisexeatumbrasuis:
Cumdixitnovies,manesexitepaterni,
Respicit,&pur,Sacraperactaputat.
Againhewashes,ringsTempsaeanBrass,
AndpraystheManesfromhisHousetopass
ThenNinetimesCries,PaternalGhostsbegone,
Solooksabout,thinksSacredRitesaredone.

ThereforetheGentilesthoughtthatbythesoundofBells,Evil,oroffensiveGeniiweredrivenaway,orrestrainedfrom
givingdi|sturbance,becausetheManes(asHieronymusMagiussays)werethoughttoloveSilence.Whencebythe
PoetstheywerecalledSilentes,asOvidsaysinthesameBook,
Moxetiamlmuresanimasdixeresilentum.

Page199

WhereforeasoftenassuchGhostshavespoken,theyaresaidtohaveus'dratheralowandmutteringVoice,thanaclear
one,asOvidsays,Ib.

UmbracruentaRemivisaestassisterelecto
At{que}haecexiguomurmurevisaloqui.
RemushisBloodyGhoststoodbytheBed,
Andwithlowmurmurthesewordsuttered.

InreferencetothisRemigiuswritesconcer|ningsuchaswereaccus'dofWitchcraft,*andconversewithevilSpirits,as
follows.NicolaeaGranatia,EvaHesoletia,JananigraArmacuriana,andmanyothers,say,theSpiritshavesucha
Voice,asonethatputshisHeadinanEmptyHogshead,orcraz'dVessel,andthereforeal|waysinspeakingholdtheir
Headsdownwards,asPersonsasham'd,orselfconsciousofsomeCrimearewonttodooratleast,theyhaveasmall
andweakVoice.SoHermolausBarba|rus,saidheheardaVoiceofanhissingDae|mon,asheanswer'dhimself,and
GeorgiusPla|centinus,askinghimconcerningthemeaningofAristotle'sEntelechia.TheElmalso,menti|on'din
Philostratus,thatis,asIconceive,theDaemonofThespion,speakingfromtheElm,byhiscommand,whowasthe
EldestoftheGym|nosophists,salutedApolloniuscomingtothem,withaSlenderVoice.TheLecanomancyalsoofthe
AssyriansandChaldaeans,waswonttoeffectthis,thattheDaemonsdeliver'dtheirWordsfromtheBasonwitha
stridulousandlowhissing.SofarRemigius.
Page200
*

TothisImayadd,whatLeLoyerwrites,ininhisHistoryofSpectres,viz.DamasciusaPaganPhilosopher,relates,
thattheFamiliarSpi|ritslyinghidinroundconsecratedBowls,whichhecallsBetyles,answer'dthosethatcon|sulted
them,inasmallandInarticulateVoice,thatitseem'dratheranhissing,thanaSpeech,andhadneedofInterpreters.The
nameBe|tylsisSyriack,andwastakenfromtheHe|brews,whocall'dthosePlacesBethel,wherethePatriarchJacob
plac'dStones,foraMarkthathehadthereador'dGodtheSyriansturn'dthistotheirSuperstition,andcall'dBetyles
theiranimtedStones,orStonesinwhichaGodorDaemonwashid.OurLearnedSelden,writesofthoseBetyles.L.de
DiisSyris.
ButtopassbyotherRelationsinthiskind,andtospeakofmyownExperiencesomeSpiritsthatconvers'dwithmefor
someMonthstogether,hadaLowsunkVoice,asmanyPer|sonshaveinColds,butitwaswithoutanyHoarseness,being
veryclearlydiscernabletheSpiritsIheardcomingtomesingingintheEvenings,hadclearVoicesandthatSpi|rit
whichcameNightlytomeforsometime,withaBellinmyEar,hadaveryclearandresonantVoice.

Brss,anditsringingwerealsous'dbytheGentiles,onseveralotherAccounts,andthatforthesameReason,viz.It's
purifyingNa|ture*concerningwhichCael.Rhodig.writesthus:TheInterpreterofTheocritus,inthePoet'sPhrmcutria
writes,thatBrasswasthoughtbytheAncientstobeofgreatVirtueinScredRites,andExcantations,andthere|forewas
wonttobeus'dinEclipsesoftheMon,andatMensDeaths,becauseitwas
Page201
thoughtmorepurethanotherthings,andexpiatoryofPollutionsthereforetheyus'ditinallPurifications,as
Apollodorushaswrit,l.deDiis.AndSophocles,inhisTragedy,whichiscall'dRhizotomi,thatis,theCuttersofRoots,
writesofMedeacuttingHerbswithabrassKnife,andputtingtheJuiceintobrassVessels.AndMacro|biuswrites,That
brassVesselswereus'dchieflyinthoseSacredRites,withwhichtheywouldcomposetheMindsofPersons,or
consecratethem,orCureDiseases.AndthePriestsoftheSabines,werewonttohavetheirHairCutwithaBrassKnife
andit'smanifest,thatthemostAncientGreeksus'dinmanythingsthesoundofBrass,asamostPowerfulthing.Asfor
theReasonoftheAncientsingivingaidtotheMoon,wheninanEclipse,byacon|fus'dnoiseofBrass,Alexandergives
itusthusMenrungIronandBrass,becausetheythoughtDaemonsweredrivenawaybyit,atthetimethatthePlanets
cannotconveytheirInfluencetotheEarth,whichisfortheBenefitofMen.
Sometellus,ThatbytheringingNoiseofBrass,theforceofMagickCharmswashin|dredfromreachingtotheMoon,
theChar|mersVoicebeingconfoundedbyit,andthatbythismeansreliefwasthoughttobegiv'ntheMoon,whenina
EclipseforBrassisthemostsonorousofalltheMetals,ithavingashrillandpenetratingsoundwhenceHomergave
JunotheEpithet[gap:innonLatinalphabet],andSpon|danus,onHomer,thinksamostresonantVoicewas
aptlygiv'nher,becauseaVoiceisnothingbuttheAirstruck,andbyJunoismeanttheAir.
Page202
*

Magius,saystheSearchersintoNaturalCauses,thinkbythesoundofBellsthevio|lentinjuryofTempests,Windsand
Hail|stormsisdrivenaway,becausesuchringinggreatlyagitates,cutsandbreakstheAir,whichappearsfromhence
thatwhenBeesriseinaSwarm,andbegintoflyaway,theyareforc'dtopitchagainbyagentleringingofBrass,the
Airbeingcutandsever'd,andscarcebearingtheirflightthoughsomethinkBeesthenpitchupontheAir'sbeing
moved,becausetheyaredelightedwiththeringingwhichIleavetothejudgmentofothers.
*

Apollodorussays,thePriestofProserpinawaswonttoringalittleBellinherSacredCere|moniesandthePriestof
theSyrianGoddess,alsowaswonttousealittleBell,*asLucianwrites.ThePriest,afterheiscometotheuppermost
partoftheTemple,PraysforthewholeCongregationandinprayinghealsoringsacertainlittleBell.Robertellus,also
inOcta|vianAugustus,givestestimonyofthisCustom,whenhespeaksoftheGatesandtopsofTem|ples.*Thetopis
compass'daboutwithBellstheBellswerewonttohangforthemostpartovertheGatesofTemples.

Fungerus,inhisEtymologicumTrilinque,tellsus,theHebrewwordforAes,isNecuschoh,orNechos|cheth,fromthe
wordNachosoh,thatis,hemadeanAuguration,hehasDivin'd,hehasOminated,hehashadcertainConjectures.Some
thinkthereasonoftheNametobe,thathaplyfromthesoundofaringingBell,someObservationwasmadein
Auguries,Divinations,andthelikeConjecturesandGronovius,inhislearnedExercitationsonStephanusByzantinus's
Frag|ment,deDodo,tellsus,ThatbecauseOracles,
Page203
andDivinationsaredenotedbythewordNe|chosoh,whichsignifiesalsoBrassandLebetes,henceintheDodonaean
OracleBrassBells,Lebe|tesandTripods,wereexcogitated,whenonlyOraclesandDivinationsweretobeunderstood.
Mr.RosseinhisViewoftheReligionsofAsia,willhaveit,thattheBellshangingatthePal|liumoftheHighPriestof
theJews,denotedChrist'sProphetickOffice,thoughIknowo|therSignificationsareascrib'dtoitbyotherWriters.And
Plutarch,InSymposi.introducesMetagenes,anAthenian,who,aswellforotherReasonstheregiven,asfortheJews
HighPriestswearingthesaidBells,whichmakeanoise,ashewalks,willhavetheGodoftheJewstobethesamewith
Bacchus,becauseintheirCountry,intheNocturnalSacrificesofBacchus,call'dNyctelia,theymadeagreatnoise,and
theNursesofBacchus,werecall'dChalcodristae,asmuchastosay,ScrapersofBrass.ThestrongImpressionmadeon
mebythenoiseofBellsinmySpiritualVisitationsledmetodrawthesethingstogetherfromtheAnci|ents,whichI
leavetotheReadersConsidera|tion.
Page204
CHAP.VII.WhatperceptionMenhavehadofSpirits,andtheirOperationsbyalltheirSenses.

THO'theSensesofSeeingandHearing,arethechiefSensesconcern'dinaPer|ceptionofSpirits,andtheirOperations,
yettheotherSensessometimesaresomewayaf|fectedbythem.For,asSt.Austin,says,TheEvilworkoftheDevil
creepsthroughallthePassagesoftheSenseshepresentshimselfinFigures,applieshimselftoColours,adheresto
Sounds,introducesOdours,infuseshimselfinSavours,andfillsallthePassagesofIntelli|gencesometimescruelly
tormentingwithGriefandFear,sometimessportinglydivertingMan,ortauntingwithMocks.
AccordingtothisPassageofSt.Austin,Mr.JohnPordage,inhisBookwritinvindi|cationofhimselffrom
Necromancy,&c.pub|lish'dinLondon,An.1655.Afterhavingsetforth,thathisMaidServant,ElizabethBenwel,had
depos'dbeforetheCommissioners,thatshehadheardMusickinhisHouse,whensheknewnotthatanyInstrumentsor
MusicianswereintheHouseandthatshehadhearditintheKitchen,andinherMistressesCloset,andthoughtthe
sametobenearher,butsawnoneplaying:WhichFactMr.Pordagedoesnotoppose.Andhethereconfessing,thatin
Page205

August1649,thereappear'dinhisBedCham|ber,aboutthemiddleoftheNight,aSpiritintheshapeofoneEverard
(whomhesuspe|ctedtobeaConjurer,andtobeinstrumentalinraisingupthoseApparitionswhichhimselfandothers
saw)withhiswearingApparel,Bands,Cuffs,Hat,&c.who,afterhissuddendrawingoftheBedCurtains,seem'dto
walkoncethroughtheChamberveryeasily,andsodisappear'd:AndthatthesameNightthereappear'dtohimagreat
Dragon,whichseem'dtotakeupmostofalargeRoom,havinggreatTeethandopenJawswhenceheoftenejectedFire
againsthim,whichcamewithsuchaMa|gicalInfluence,thatitalmoststrucktheBreathoutofhisBodyandthis
Apparitioncontinued'tilltheDaybegantodawn,andthendisap|pear'd.Isay,havingsetforththis,hepro|ceedsto
declaresomeextraordinarythings,whichfewhadbeenmadeacquaintedwith,andwhichatthattimewereseenand
experi|mentedbyhimself,andotherswithhim.Hewritingasfollows:
OurinwardspiritualEyesbeingopen'dinanextraordinaryway,twoinvisibleinternalPrincipleswerelaidopenand
discover'dtous,whichmaybecall'dMundiIdeales,beingtwospiritualWorlds,whichseem'dverymuchdifferingthe
onefromtheother,ashavingcontraryQualitiesandOperations,bywhichtheyworkuponthisvisibleCreation.He
says,OneofthoseinternalWorldsmaybecall'dMundustenebrosus,thedarkWorld,whoseObjects,bytheir
correspondentin|wardFacultiesorSenseswerethendiscover'dandmadeknowntothem.TheotherWorld,hesays,
maybecall'd,Mundusuminosus,or,
Page206
thelightWorld,which,withitsvariousOb|jects,wasthenlikewiseopen'dtotheirin|wardSensesforbesidetheir
internalSight,theyhadtheirotherinternalspiritualFacultiesofspiritualSensation,open'dtodiscerntheirvarious
ObjectswithintheseWorlds.
1.AstotheObjectsoftheinternalSight,whenthedarkPrincipleorWorldwasopen'd,theybeheldinnumerable
multitudesofevilSpiritsorAngels,presentingthemselvesinap|pearingdistinctionsofOrderandDignity.ThePrinces
ofthisdarkWorld,andtheirSub|jects,presentedthemselves,aspassingbeforetheirEyes,inPompandStateallthe
mightyonesappearingtobedrawnindarkaieryClouds,ChariotswithSix,oratleastFourBeaststoeachonebeside,
everyfigureorsimilitudeofaCoachwasattendedwithmanyinferiorSpirits,asServantstothePrinces:TheAnimals
thatdrewthecloudyCoaches,appear'dintheshapesofLyons,Dragons,Ele|phants,Tygers,Bears,andsuchlike
terribleBeasts.Besides,thePrincesandthosethatat|tendedthem,tho'allintheshapesofMen,yetrepresented
themselvesmonstrouslymisha|pen,andwithEarslikethoseofCats,clovenFeet,uglyLegsandBodies,Eyesfiery,
sharp,andpiercing.Besidetheseappearanceswithin,theSpiritsmadesomewonderfulImpressionsonBodieswithout
as,FiguresofMenandBeastsupontheGlassWindowsandtheCeil|ingsoftheHousesomeofwhichyetremain.But
whatwasmostremarkablewas,thewholevisibleWorldrepresentedbytheSpiritsupontheBricksoftheChimney,in
theformoftwohalfGlobes,asinMaps.Afterwhich,uponotherBricksofthesameChimneywasfigur'd
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aCoachandfourHorses,withPersonsinit,andaFootmanattending,allseemingtobeinmotionwithmanyother
suchImages,whichseem'dtobewonderful,exactlydone.Now,fearinglesttheremightbeanydangerintheseImages,
throughunknownConjura|tion,andfalseMagick,weendeavour'dtowashthemoutwithwetCloaths,butcouldnot,
findingthemengraveninthesubstanceoftheBricks,whichindeedmighthavecon|tinued'tillthisDay,hadnotfearand
suspici|onofWitchcraft,andsomeevildesignoftheDevilagainstusinit,caus'dustodefaceandobliteratethemwith
Hammers.
Headdsbeneath.Buttoshutupthisrela|tionoftheObjectswesawinthisdarkWorld,Imustaddthis,thatwerebutthe
EyesofMenopentoseetheKingdomoftheDragoninthisWorld,withthemultitudesofevilAngels,whichareevery
wheretemptingandensna|ringMen,theywouldbeamaz'd,andnotdaretobebythemselves,withoutgood
Con|sciences,andagreatassuranceoftheLoveandFavourofGod,inprotectingthem,bytheMinistrationoftheHoly
Angels.
2.AstotheObjectsoftheinwardandout|wardSmell,hesays,ThatwithinthreeWeeksspace,inwhichtheseWonders
appear'd,atse|veraltimes,theevilAngels,orSpiritsraisedupsuchnoisomepoysonousSmells,thatboththeinward
andoutwardpartsofthosethatwereexercisedwiththem,becamemuchdi+sturbedandoffended,forthroughthe
Sym|pathybetwixttheBodyandtheSoul,thesul|phuroushellishSmellsmuchexercisedbothbyMagicalTincturation.
Page802
3.InreferencetotheObjectsoftheTaste,hesays,ThatsometimesbothNightandDaytheywereexercis'dwiththe
loathsomeHel|lishTastesofSulphur,Brimstone,SootandSaltmingledtogetherwhichweresoloath|sometothem,
thattheywereliketocausegreatDistempers,andNauseousnessintheirBodies,hadtheynotbeensupportedbyGod,
beyondtheirownstrength.
4.InRelationtotheiroutwardandinwardTouch,theyweremuchexercisedbothinBodyandSoulastotheirSouls
theysometimesfeltsuchstrangeandMagicalWounds,andpier|cingsbythefieryDartsoftheDevil,thatnonecan
Expressthem,butthosethathavebeenexercis'dinsomeMeasure,asJobwas.AstotheirBodiestheyfeltMaterial
ImpressionsfromthePowersofDarkness,ve|rynoxious,inthemselves,astotheirNaturalSpirits,andLife,butbornby
them,byquietSubmissiontotheWillofGod.
AstotheInternalLightWorld.1.Thereappear'dthentotheirinwardSight,multitudesalmostinnumerableofpure
AngelicalSpirits,inFigurativeBodies,whichwereclearastheMorningStar,andtransparentasCrystal,sparklinglike
Diamonds,andsendingforthBeamsliketheSun,powerfullyrefreshingtheirSouls,andenliveningtheirBodies.
2.InRelationtotheinwardSenseofHear|ing,thereweremanyMusicalSoundsandVoi|ces,likethosethatSt.John
heardinMountSion,theSweetness,HarmonyandPleasant|nessofwhichcannotbeexpress'dnorthatSpiritualJoy
andDelightwhichbythemwasinfus'dintotheirSouls,beutter'dbytheTongue,itravishingtheirSpiritsintothehigh
PraisesofJehovah.

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3.InRelationtothefacultyofSmelling,theTonguecanhardlyexpressthoseHeaven|lyOdours,andPerfumeswhich
thenweresmelt,piercingintotheverySpirit,besidethequickningVertue,whichbythemwasCom|municatedand
InsinuatedintotheSpiritsoftheiroutwardBodies,whichlikeaCordialhadbeenabletohaverenew'dthestrengthof
theirLanguishingNature.
4.TheirSenseorFacultyofTastingwasve|ryPleasantlyentertain'dwiththoseinvisibleDews,whichweresweeterthan
Honeywithwhich,insteadofFood,theyweremanytimeswonderfullyrefresh'd.
5.InRelationtotheSenseofSpiritualContact,thatwasalsodelightedwithitsHeavenlyOb|jects:forhesays,nonecan
utterthosepleasingImpressions,whichtheburningTinctureoftheLightWorldaffordedthem,cominglikeanhot
CordialintotheCenteroftheirSpirits,be|ingsensiblyfeltintheinnerParts,soastocausemuchJoyandHeavenly
Pleasures,whichpe|netratedthroughtheirSouls,andgavethemoccasiontoPraiseandMagnifyGod.
Thus,hesays,forthespaceofthreeWeeks,oraMonth,theywereexercisedinwardlyandoutwardly,throughthatgreat
CombatthatwasbetwixtthosetwoWorlds,andtheirInhabitantstheDarkWorldsometimesAf|flictingthemwith
dreadfulShapes,abominableSmells,loathsomeTasts,withotherOperationsoftheevilAngelsthelightWorld,atother
timesopening,andrelievingthemwithOdo|riferousPerfumes,mostsweetDews,GloriousVisions,andAngelical
Harmony.Headds,Thatnowforthespaceof4Years,eversincethetimeofthesegreatManifestations,they
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haveenjoy'dtheexerciseoftheirSpiri|tualSenses,whichwereneversinceshut,norwouldbe,unlessthrough
TransgressionandDisobedience,theyranbackintotheearthlyNature.
IhavesetdownthisRelation,inshort,fromMr.Pordage.AndasfortheTruthofit,itmustrelyuponhim,andthe
otherPersonsthenconcernedwithhimbutformyself,IhavenoReasontoQuestiontheTruthofit:itbeingusualwith
thosethataretrain'duptoacontemplativeLifetohaveVisitationsinthatkind,bothInternalandExternal.
*

ThelearnedWalterHilton(agreatMasterofacontemplativeLife)inhisScaleofPerfecti|on,setsforth,that
Appearances,orRepresen|tationstotheCorporealSensesmaybebothGoodandEvil.Writingasfollows.
BywhatIhavesaidyoumaysomewhatunderstand,thatVisions,orRevelations,ora|nymannerofSpiritinBodily
appearing,orinimagining,sleeping,orwaking,oranyo|therfeelingintheBodilySense,madeasitwereSpiritually,
eitherbysoundingintheEar,orsavouringintheMouth,orsmellingattheNose,orelseanysensibleHeat,asitwere
Fireglowing,andwarmingtheBreast,oranyotherpartoftheBody,oranyotherthingthatmaybefeltbyBodily
sense,thoughitbeneversocomfortableandliking,yetaretheynotcontemplationitself,butsimpleandsecondary

(thoughtheyaregood)inrespectoftheSpiritualVertues,andofthisSpiritualknowingandlovingofGod,
accompanyingtruecontemplationbutallsuchmanneroffeelingmaybegood,wroughtbyagoodAn|gel,andthey
maybedeceivablewroughtbya
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wickedAngel,whenhetransfigureshimselfintoanAngelofLightfortheDevilmayCounterfeitinBodilyfeelingthe
likenessofthesamethings,whichagoodAngelmayWorkforasagoodAngelcomeswithLight,socantheDeviland
ashecandothisinMattersofSeeing,socanhedoitinMattersoftheotherSenseshethathasfeltboth,canwelltell
whichweregood,andwhichwereevilbuthethathasneverfelteither,orelsebutoneofthem,mayeasilybedeceived.
Thesetwoarealikeinthemanneroffeelingoutwardly,buttheyareverydifferingwithin,andthereforetheyarenotto
begreatlyde|sired,nortobeentertain'dlightly,unlessaSoulcanbytheSpiritofDiscretion,knowthegoodfromthe
evilthatitbenotbeguil'd,asSt.Johnsays,TrustnoteverySpirit,*buttryfirstwhetheritbeofGod,orno.Andto
knowwhethertheRepresentationtotheBodilysenses,begoodorevil,*Hiltongivesthefol|lowingRule.
IfyouseeanymannerofLight,orbright|nesswithyourBodilyEye,orinImaginati|on,otherthaneveryManseesorif
youhearanywonderfulpleasantsoundingwithyourEar,orhaveinyourMouthanysweetsuddenSavour,otherthan
whatyouknowtobeNa|tural,oranyheatinyourBreastlikeFire,oranymannerofDelightinanypartofyourBody,
orifaSpiritappearBodilytoyou,asitwereanAngeltoComfortyou,orteachyouorifanysuchfeeling,whichyou
knowwellcomesnotfromyourself,norfromanyBodilyCreature,bewareatthattime,orpre|sentlyuponit,and
wiselyconsiderthestirringsofyourHeartforifbyOccasionoftheplea|sure
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andlikingyoutake,inthesaidFeeling,orVision,youseeyourHeartdrawnfromthemindingandbeholdingofJesus
Christ,andfromSpiritualExercisesasfromPrayer,andthinkingofyourself,andyourdefects,orfromtheinward
desireofVertues,andofSpiritualknowingandfeelingofGod,tosetthesightofyourHeart,andyourAffection,your
De|lightandyourrestPrincipallyonthesaidFeel|ingsorVisions,supposingthattobeapartofHeavenlyJoy,orAngels
Bliss,andthereuponcometothinkthatyoushouldneitherPray,northinkofanythingelse,butwhollyat|tendthereto,
fortokeepit,anddelightyourselftherein,thenisthisFeelingverysuspisci|oustocomefromtheEnemyandtherefore
thoughitbeneversolikingandwonderful,re|fuseit,andassentnottheretoforthisisaslightoftheEnemytolet,and
beguiletheSoulbysuchbodilySavours,orSweetnessintheSenses,tobringitintoSpiritualPride,andintoaFalse
securityofitself,flatteringitselfthatithadtherebyaFeelingofHeaven|lyJoy,andthatitishalfinParadise,by
rea|sonoftheDelightitfeelsaboutit,whenin|deedit'sneartoHellGates,andsobyPrideandPresumptionitmightfall
intoErrors,orHeresies,orPhantasms,orotherBodilyorSpiritualMischiefs.

Butifitbeso,thatthismannerofFeelingletsnotyourHeartfromSpiritualExercises,butmakesyoumoredevout,and
moreferventtoPray,morewisetothinkSpiritualThoughtsandtho'itbeso,thatitastonishesyouintheeginning,
nevertheless,afterwards,itturnsandquickensyourHearttomoredesireofVer|tues,andencreasesyourLovemoreto
God,
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andtoyourNeighbouralsoitmakesyoumorehumbleinyourownEyes.BytheseTokensyoumayknowitisofGod,
wroughtbythepresenceandworkingofagoodAngel,andcomesfromthegoodnessofGod,eitherforthecomfortof
simpledevoutSouls,toin|creasetheirtrustanddesiretowardsGod,toseektherebytheknowingandlovingofGod
moreperfectly,bymeansofsuchComforts:orelseiftheybePerfectthatfeelsuchdelight,itseemstothemtobean
earnest,andasitwereashadowoftheglorifyingoftheBody,whichitshallhaveintheBlissofHeavenbutIknownot
whethertherebeanysuchMenontheEarth.
Hegoeson.OfthiswayofdiscerningtheworkingofSpirits,speaks(St.JohninhisEpistle)thus,1John4.3.Omnis
spiritusquisolvitJesum,hicnonestexDeo.EverySpiritthatlooses,orunknitsJesus,heisnotofGod.Thisknitting
andfastningofJesustoaMan'sSoul,iswroughtbyagoodWill,andagreatdesiretohim,onlytohavehim,andsee
himinhisBlissspiritually.Thegreaterthisdesireis,thefasterisJesusknittotheSoulandthelessthisdesireis,the
looserisheknit.WhatsoeverSpirittherefore,orfeel|ingitis,whichlessensthisDesire,andwoulddrawitdownfrom
thestedfastmindingofJesusChrist,andfromthekindlybreathingandaspiringuptohim,thisSpiritwillunkniJesus
fromtheSoulandthereforeitisnotofGod,butistheworkingoftheEnemy.ButifaSpirit,oraFeeling,ora
Revelationmakethisdesiremore,knittingtheknotsofLoveandDevotionfastertoJesus,openingtheEyesoftheSoul
intospiritualknowing
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moreclearly,andmakesitmorehumbleinitself,thisSpiritisofGod.
Andherebyyoumaylearn,thatyouarenottosufferyourHeartwillinglytorest,nortodelightwhollyinanysuch
bodilyFeelings,ofsuchmannerofComforts,orSweetness,tho'theyweregoodbutratherholdtheminyoursight
nought,orlittleincomparisonofSpiritalDesire,andstedfastthinkingofJesus:norshallyoufast'nthethoughtofyour
Heartovermuchonthem.
Hegoeson.ButyoushallseekwithgreatdiligenceinPrayer,thatyoumaycometoaspiritualFeelingorSightofGod
thatis,thatyoumayknowtheWisdomofGod,theend|lessMightofhim,hisgreatGoodnessinHim|self,andinhis
CreaturesforthisisCon|templation,andthatothermentionedisnone.Thus,saysSt.Paul,beingrootedandgrounded
inCharity,*wemaybeabletocomprehendwithalltheSaints,whatisthebreadth,andlength,andheight,anddepth.

Thatyoumayknow,hesays,notbysoundoftheEar,norsweetsavourintheMouth,norbyanysuchbodilything,but
thatyoumayknowandfeelwithallSaints,whatisthelengthoftheendlessBeingofGodthebreadthofthewonderful
CharityandGoodnessofGodtheheightofHisAlmightyMajesty,andthebot|tomlessdepthofHisWisdom.In
KnowingandspiritualFeelingofthese,shouldbetheexerciseofaContemplativeManforinthesemaybeunderstood
thefullknowingofallspiritualthings,&c.
IhavesetdownthesethingssomewhatatlargefromthisAuthor,becauseIconceivetheymaybeusefultosomeMen,
wholieun|der
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spiritualVisitationsofthiskind.Weseehesupposesitnouncommonthing,forMentohavetheirSpiritualand
CorporalSenseswroughtoninthisextraordinaryway,andteacheshowtheymaydiscernGoodfromBadinsuchcases.
IknowtheContemptmanyMenhaveforStudiesofthisnaturebutitsnottothoseIherewrite:NorisiteveryMan's
TalenttobeMasterofaContemplativeLife.ThisPerson,byadeepInspectionintothedispositionofMensMinds,in
allthegra|dationsofaContemplativeLife,hadaclearviewoftheFigmentumofManineverypostureofit,andthat
discretionofSpiritswhichtheScripturesmention.
Somewhatbeingoccasionallysaidbeforecon|cerningtheinwardSenses,Ishallheregiveyouashortaccountofthe
internalSenses,accordingtothePlatonickPhilosophy,bythebenefitofwhichoneManperceiveswhatanotherdoes
not.
CaeliusRhodig.tellsus,ThatthevivifyingActoftheSoulontheVehicle,thatis,*ontheaetherealBody,iscall'dthe
IdoloftheSoul:Butyoumustknowthis,thattheAn|cientsthoughttherewasinthisIdolaconfus'denergyofthe
FancywithoutReasonandsuchSenses,thattheSightisgenerallypro|pagatedthroughoutthiswholeVehicle,as
likewisetheHearingbutthatmanydonotenjoytheseSenses,norisitoften,butthereisinthemapowerofan
admirablenaturesothattheharmonyoftheSpheresisperceiv'dbythem,beingotherwisesilentandthereisheard
alsoaDemonicalVoice,andBodiespresentthemselvestotheSight,iftheSoulwithdrawsitselfintheaetherial
corpuscle,be|ing,afteramannersever'dfromtheClogof
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theterrestrialandgrossBody.SoitssaidthatTatius,theSonofMercury,beingdulyexpi|atedbySacredRites,
presentlycry'dout,thatheliv'dnowinanImmortalBody,andbeingcarry'daloft,hesawandheardwonderfulthings
whichMercuriusapproving,saidthesamewasusualwithhimself.Therearesomethatwrite,andamongothersthe
PlatonickO|lympiodorus,thatApolloniusTyanaeus,bythepow|eroftheseSenses,whenhewasintheCity,being
rais'd,asitwere,onaWatchTower,sawandtoldwhatthingsweredoneinEgypt.Plotinusthoughtthatthefirst

IntellectwasthefirstEssence,fromwhich,andinwhichotherIntellectsarenotonlybyIdea's,butbytheirproper
IntellectualExistences(asImaysay)oftheSoul,accordingtoanIntellectualFa|cultypropertothemselves,evenwhile
theyareintheBody,justasLinesdrawnfromaCentertoaCircumference,donotdepartfromtheCenterwhilethey
touchtheCircum|ference.Hencehewillhaveit,thattheIn|tellectofaProphetandofanabstractedMan,tho'itseems
tobeonlyintheEast,mayhaveaprospectalsoofwhatthingsaredoneintheWest,becauseallIntellectsareevery
where,andineachothersincealwaystheyareallinthesingleDivineMind,whichisalwayswhollypresentevery
where.SofarRhodig.
Now,asthePythagoreansandPlatonicks,who,manyofthemhadasensibleperceptionofwhattheycall'dthe
HarmonyoftheSpheres,DivineVoices,&c.setuptheseHypothesesforexplainingthingsofthiskindsoit'sno
won|der,thattheotherPhilosophers,whohadnotsuchabstractedMinds,andhadnosenseofsuchthings,didnotsetup
anyhypothesisfor
Page217
explainingthingstheyhadnosenseof,andrejectedorridicul'danyhypothesisofthisnature.
IdoubtwhatIhaveheredeliver'dmaybetoospeculativetopleaseallReadersandthereforeIshallnotdwellupon
thingsofthisnature,butonlysayingeneral,thatinallAges,andinallReligionstherehavebeenContemplative
Persons,orsuchashavemuchspiritualiz'dthemselvesinthestudyofDivinethings,fordetachingSoulsfromthe
Crea|tures,bybringingthemtoanopeningoftheirInwardSenses,tofixthemonthebeingin|finitelyPerfect:Asthe
EsseensamongtheJews,andthePlatonicksamongthePagans,whodetach'dMinds,asmuchaspossiblytheycould
fromMatter,tofixthemonMeta|physicalMeditationsandthisiswhatischieflydrivenatbyMysticalDivinesamong
Christi|ans:Anditmustbegranted,thathumaneReasonstandsmuchindebtedtothisPhilo|sophyforhavingdriventhe
knowledgeofGOD,andofaBeinginfinitelyPerfect,andofthesoleCreatoroftheWorld,muchfartherthanother
PhilosophershavedoneasMonsieurDureux,assertsinthebeginningofhisBook,Intituled,Traitehistoriquesurla
Theologiemystique.
ToaddsomefartherexplanationofthewaythatsomePersonsseeSpirits,whenothersdonot,Cardantellsus,that
Averrhoes,*inhisCol|lectanea,seemsfairlytohaveaccountedforit,saying,WhentheSpiritwhichattendsthe
Imagination,has,byImagining,receiv'dformsofaSound,orofanyqualityfordiscerningbytheSmellorTaste,orofa
deadMan,orofaDaemonandbeingimbuedwithit,isconvey'dtotheSensewhichcorrespondsto
Page218
thatAction,asinOdours,totheproperIn|strumentofSmellinginHearing,totheEarsinSpectres,totheEyes,itwill
necessarilySmell,Hear,andSee,withoutanyObjectforifSeeingbenoughtbutaPerceptionofaSpeciesinthe

Christalloides,whetherthatSpeciescomesfromtheObjectornot,itsmanifest,asoftenasthishappensittrulysees
andsoithappensthatPersonsseeDaemons,ordeadPersons,beingawakeandalsohearVoicesofPersonstheyknow,
andsmellSmells,andtouch,asintheIncubiorSuccubi:Butthesethingsaremoreseldomseenthantheyareheardor
touch'dbecauseintherestoftheSensesitsufficestoobserveonedifference,andoneonlySpirit,convey'dtotheSense
withthatImagemayrepresentthis:ButasintheEyestherearemoredifferencesnecessary,Magnitude,Form,Colour,
ofnecessitymoreSpiritsmustbeconvey'dandforthisreasonNaturehasmadethoseNerveshollow,whichpasstothe
Eyes,andonlythoseso,becausethoseintheiroperationsstandinneedoffarmoreSpirits,thananyoftheotherSenses
indiscerning.HencearisesasolutionofmanyProblems,whichtho'carryingacertaintruth,yethavebroughtmanyto
suchstreights,thatsomehavebeenfaintoflytoMiracle,otherstoDaemons,othershaveflatlydeniedtheFacts.Asin
IslandandNorway,&c.theythinktheyseesomeoftheirFamilywhoaredead,andthinktheyembracethemandsay,
theyva|nishintheirEmbraces:Now,IslandisfullofBitumen,andtheInhabitantsliveonFruits,Roots,Breadmadeof
FishandWater,anditlyinginthefrozenSea,byreasonofitsgreatCold,itcannotbearstandingCorn,andmuch
Page219
lessWine:WhencetheSpirits,byreasonoftheFoodtheAir,byreasonoftheSoil,areverygrosstherefore,byreason
ofthethick|nessoftheAir,andtheVapoursconcertedthroughCold,Imageswanderabout,asintheClouds,which
beingconceiv'd,throughError,Fear,andThought,thedenseandearthySpiritsolongretains,tillitbecon|vey'dtothe
InstrumentofSensethereforetheyperswadethemselvestheyseeandtalkwiththem:TheythinktheyseePersonsof
theirAcquaintance,andsuchasaredead,be|causetheyknowtheyarenotthereliving,andbecausetheyvanishintheir
EmbracesbutnoManhasfeign'dtohimselfanun|knownFigureintheClouds,asofaChimaera,oranHippocentaure
forweareallcarry'dtoknownthings.SofarCardan.
ButafterallthisPhilosophizing,forshew|ingthatallourSensesmaybeimpos'donbyPhantoms,Idonotfindhowthis
anywayaccountsforthoseApparitionswhichhavereveal'dfutureorhiddenthings,andthelike,whichwerenot
possiblydiscoverablebyanyassistanceofourSenseorReason.
Page220
CHAP.IX.WhatperceptionMenhavehadofGenii,orSpirits,andtheirOperationsbyDreams.

TOsayabsolutely,thatallDreams,with|outanydistinction,arevainVisions,andsportsofNature,theImagesofthings
atrandomcomingintoourMinds,andposses|singthemwhileweSleepandtobanishallDivinationfromtheLifeof
Man,asEpicurus,Meterodorus,andXenophanesdid,iscontrarytoExperience,andthecommonConsentand
AgreementofMankind.SothatwemayarguewithAverrhoes,inhisParaphrase,thereisnoManbuthashadDreams,
whichhaveforetoldhimsomething,andthereforetheyarenotonlytheSportsofNature,andvainAppearances.*Pliny,
aManlittlecredulousinmattersofFaith,writes,ThatthecuresofmanyDiseases,unknownbefore,hadbeen

discover'dinDreams.Porphyrius,toexplainDivineDreams,says,ThatGodhasgiventoeachMantwoDaemonsto
attendhim,agoodandabadandthatthegoodandpropitiousDaemons,foreshewus,inourDreams,Evilstocome,
prepar'dforusbyevilDaemonsadd|ing,thatifanyMancouldrightlydiscernthosethingsthatareintimatedtousin
ourSleep,hewouldbefreedfromallEvils,andbecomeanegregiousProphet.Psellusl.de
Page221
Daemon:says,ThatDaemonscometothosethatareworthyoftheirSociety,andgivethemtheknowledgeoffuture
things.AndthePlatonicksderidethePeripateticksforreferringtheWorksofDaemons,asDivinations,ama|nifestation
ofoccultthings,andthespeakingofvariousTonguestoHumours,andtheSteamsoftheEarth.
DionCassius,writesthus,ThecausewhichmovedmetowritethisHistorywasthis:*WhenIhadwritaBookofthose
DreamsandProdigies,whichhadgivenSeverushopesofthePrincipality,andhadsentittoSeverus,andhehadreadit,
andhadwritmebackmanykindthingsafterreceivinghisLetterintheEvening,IwenttoBed,andinmySleepitwas
DivinelyCommandedme,towriteanHistorywhereforeIwritthethingsInowtreatofwhichprovingverypleasing
toSeverusandothers,IpresentlyresolvedtogothroughwritingthewholeRomanHistory.Andtho'Itookuponmethe
ComposingofthisHistorywithreluctancy,and,atfirst,whollyrejectedit,myGoddessencouragedmeinmySleep,
andgavemegoodhopesthatthisHistoryshouldneverPerishwhichGod|dessItaketobetheGuardianessofmyLife.
ThesameAuthorconcludesthelastBookofhisHistorythus,AtlengthbeingtakenillinmyFeet,Iwasdismistofall
Employs,topassalltheremainderofmyLifeinmyCoun|try,asmyGeniushadplainlysignifiedtomeinBythinia:
whoalsoonceseem'dtocom|mandme,inmyDream,toaddtheseVersestotheendofmyHistory.

Page222
FromArmsandcruelSlaughters,DustandPain
*
SustainedinWars,JoveHectorhaswithdrawn.
Cardan,tho'hehadwrittenBooksofDreams,yetinhisBookDeMirabilibus,tellsushow,hewasoftenadmonish'din
hisDreamstowritehisOneandTwentyBooksDeSubtilitateofwhichtheforemention'dBookisoneandhesays
thesedidnotseemDreamstohim,butsomewhatgreater,andthathisBooksDeRerumvarietateweresolikewise
shewnhim,andthatitwasapropertybelongingtohisFamily,whichhehadbothbyhisFathersandMothersside,to
Dreamofwhatwouldhappentohimandthishehassetforth,thatMenmayknowthereissome|whatinusbesidesour
selves.Thereis,hesays,inallMen,butitincitessometoVer|tue,becausetheywillhaveitso,otherstoMurther,

Poisonings,&c.what,sayshe,dotheythinktheMindofaWickedMantobe?isMantherealone?orarethereFears,
Ha|treds,Suspiscions,AngersandTormentsofMind,sothatwhenaManhasgivenhimselfovertotheirpower,he
cannotbemasterofhimself?InallofusthereareburiedSeedsandSproutsofacontraryFactionwhereforenoMan
canbeexcitedtoVertue,norhaveanexperienceofTruthinDreams,whoover|whelmsandburiesthatwhichisinhim
besidehimselffortherearethreeFactionswithinus,EvilDaemons,aclearLight,andPleasurewhereforetrue
Dreams,aforesightofFuturities,andwonderfulthingshappeneventowickedMen.Iknowwhatmaybeobjected
againstme,that,forsooth,IwouldseemaDivineMan:DotheythinkmeofsolittleSense,thatIknow
Page223
notMenwillratherimputethisasaVanitytome,thanturnittomyPraise?butthethingsIhaveseenandknow,I
cannotconceal,tho'itbetomyextreamprejudice.It'snosmallcomforttome,thatwhenthesamethingshappenedto
Galen,thesameFear,thesameSuspicion,whichheconfesthewasnotIgno|rantof,yethechoserathertoobeyhis
Im|pulse,andnottoconcealthethingsheknew,tothehazardofhisFame,thantomindtheGloryofMen.IfanyMan
mayhaplysu|spectmeforseekingfromthis,anopinionofSanctity,lethimknow,thatnoMana|mongtheAncients
moreconstantlyassertedtheMortalityoftheSoul,thanGalen,andthatIamaSinner.Whereforethereasonofthese
thingsmustbedeductelsewherefortheybelongtotheBooksDeArcanisAterni|tatis&deFato,nottothepresent
dispute,noraretheyproperforit.SofarCardan.AndIdesirethismayserveforanAnswertowhatsomeMenhaply
maybeinclinedtoobjecttomyself,inreferencetowhatIhavedeli|veredinthisBook,astoanyexperienceofmy
own,inthis,orthelikekindforIasfreelyownmyselfguiltyofmanyFailings,asCardandid,oranyotherManmay.
TocomenearertoourTimes,Gssndus,intheLifeofPeireskius,writbyhimself,re|latessostrangeaDreamwhich
happenedtohim,thatPeireskiusupontellingithimmorethanonce,saidthatifanotherManhadre|latedit,heshould
nothavebelievedhim.
Inhisreturn,Anno1610,inthebeginningofMay,fromMontpliertoNismes,hehadinhisCompanyoneJamesRainer,
aCitizenofix,whowaswonttoLodgeinthesameChamber
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withhim,andnow,didsoinanInnontheRoad:asPeireskiusSlept,Rainerobservedhemutteredsomewhatto
himself,afteranun|usualmannerwhereuponRainerAwakenedhim,andask'dhimwhatwasthematter?Oh!saidhe,
fromwhatapleasantandgratefulDreamhaveyourousedme!Raineraskinghim,whatitwas?IwasDreaming,said
he,thatIwasatNismes,andthataGoldsmithoffe|redmeaGoldenMedalofJuliusCaesar,forfourCrowns,andIwas
uponpayinghimhisMonyforitwhenuponyourunseasonableAwakingme,bothGoldsmithandMedalVa|nished.
TheywentontoNismes,andbeingthere,PeireskiustookaturnintheCity,tillDinnerwasready,and,byawonderful
chance,hehappenedonaGoldsmithsShop,andaskedtheGoldsmith,whetherhehadanyRaritytoshewhim?hetold

himhehadaJuliusCaesarofGoldheaskedhimthePriceandwasansweredfourCrowns,whichhepresentlypaid
him,andtakingtheMedalbyanadmirablehitofFortunehefulfilledhisDream.Itmaybesaidadmirable,forhemight
easilyhavethoughtofNismes,wherehewastobethenextMorninghemighthavethoughtofthatCoinofJulius
Caesar,whichhehadoftenwishedfor,beingawakehemighthavethoughtitfoundinthatCity,inwhichtherewereso
manyFootstepsofRomanAntiquitieshemighthavethought,ataGoldsmiths,towhichsortofPersons,suchthings
found,arecommonlycarriedhemighthavethoughtofasmallPrice,atwhichGold|smithsrathervaluethosethings,
thanAnti|quarieshemighthavethoughtoffourCrowns,withwhichmoderatePriceaGold|smith
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mightbecontent.Inshort,aGoldsmith,andthatatNismesmighthaveaMedalofthatPricebutitsaltogether
wonderful,thatallthosethingsshouldhaveconcurr'd,andtheEventanswertheDream.Andnevertheless,Perieskius
wasnottheMan,who,forallthis,thoughtthecauseofthisDreampreternatural,ashaplyhemighthavedone,ifthe
likeDreamhadoftenhappen'dbutasheknewthesportsofChance,heonlyaccountedthisamongthosewhichbytheir
rarenessarewonttocreateastuporinthevulgar.SofarGassendus.
AmyralduswritaDiscourseinFrench,con|cerningDivineDreams,whichDiscoursewasTranslatedandPrintedin
English,An.1678.InitthisDreamofPeireskiusisinserted,andplac'damongAngelicalDreams.Ishallheregiveyou
someaccountofthatDiscourse,asfollows.
TheFirstChaptertreatsofNaturalDreams,whichheconcludesthus:It'strue,sometimesithappens,thatsomeofthese
Dreamscometopass,whichmakesusthink,thereissomeresemblanceoragreementbetwixttheDreamandtheEvent
andbyconsequencethatsomeAngelorSpiritisconcernedthereinbut,asAri|stotlehasobserv'd,Thishappensby
meerchance,ashethatwithoutanyaimshouldshootathousandArrows,mayatlastbychancehittheMark.Soinour
Dreams,suchanin|finitenumberofVisionsssinourImaginati|on,thatit'snotonlynoWonder,ifoneshould
sometimeschancetobetrue,butitwouldbemuchmorestrange,ifonceortwice,inourLife,itdidnotsohappenbut
ifanyofourDreamsdonotonlycometopass,buttherealsoisaremarkableAgreementbetwixt
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itandtheEvent,andsuchasweoughtneces|sarilytosupposetheOperationofanIn|telligentAgenttoIntervene,we
oughtnotthentoreckonthisamongNaturalDreams,buttoreferiteithertoGod,ortosomeActi|onofAngels.
HisSecondChaptertreatsofAngelicalDreamsingeneral,withsomeReflectionsonparticularDreamshesays,There
aretwosortsofDreams,whichwemayimputetocreatedIn|telligencesonewherethethingssignify'darecontain'din
symbolicalandmysteriousRepre|sentations,theotherwheretheyarepropos'dnaked,withoutanysuchresemblances.
ThecommonRuleofinterpretingtheformer,hesays,istoobservetheAgreementswhicharebetwixttheDreams,and

theirEventsandsomeoftheseDreamsregardpresent,othersfuturethingsofbothwhichhegivesInstan|ces.Those
otherDreamswhichproposethingsnakedly,astheyareinthemselves,havenoneedofanInterpretertounderstand
them,butwhentheEventconfirmsthemtheyarenotthelesswonderful,astheDreamsofPeireskius,andotherswhich
hementions.
TheThirdChaptertreatsofDivineDreams,whicharealsooftwosorts,onecontainsFu|turethings,underenigmatical
andmysteriousRepresentations,theotheraremuchmoreplainandnakedofbothwhichhegivesIn|stances
ConcerningDivineDreams,ingeneralhemakesthreeEnquiries.1.WhyGodhassometimesreveal'dhimselfin
DreamstohisServants.2.HowtheycouldcertainlyknowthatthoseDreamshadGodfortheirAuthor.3.Whetherthis
wayofRevelationbyDreamsbeyetpractised,andwhetherGoddoesstill
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makeuseofit,undertheDispensationoftheGospel.ThefirstoftheseQuestionsistreatedofinthisThirdChapter,
wherehesays,ThatasGodmadeuseofvariousmeanstorevealhim|selftotheProphets,andbythemtoothers,so
thereisnoreasonwhyheshouldhaveexclu|dedthatofDreamsandthereisyetthisfar|therreason,inparticular,for
themabovetheothers,thatthoughtherebeagreatdealofVanityinordinaryDreams,andthatthosewhichproceed
fromAngelshaveveryoftenmuchuncertainty,andambiguity,andthatsomePhilosophers,asAristotle,andothers,
sup|pos'dnoregardtobehadtothatwayofDivi|nation,yetithasalwaysbeenalmosttheuni|versalOpinionofall
Nations,thattheDivineBe|ingdidprincipallycommunicateitselftoMenbyDreamsandgenerallythisOpinioninthe
EasternNationshadaverygreatReputa|tionsothatitwasPrincipallyinthoseNa|tions,thattheyhavereduc'dthe
Interpretati|onofDreamsintoanArt,andhavelaiddownRulesconcerningit:andbecausethePeopleofIsraelwere
alsoofthesameOpinion,GodchosetosendthemsuchDreams,asweretru|lyDivine,thustofixthemtotheseandso
divertthemfromthatVanity,towhicho|therNationssuffer'dthemselvestobecarryedbythoseothers.Beside,the
ChurchbeingtheninherInfantState,thePeopleweremoreea|silyinstructedbyDreams,thanbyotherways,inwhich
therewasneedofmoreclearnessandstrengthofUnderstanding.
TheSecondQuestion,concerningtheCha|ractersbywhichwemayknowDreamstrulyDivine,fromvainDelusion,is
treatedofinhisFourthChapter,wherehewouldhaveus
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firstnote,ThatamongtheseDreamsthatproceedfromtheOperationsofAngels,theremayalsobefoundDivineones,
inasmuchasGoddoesnotonlypermit,butmaycom|mandtheImpressionofthembutthoseheproperlycalls
AngelicalDreams,aremeerlysuchasneithertheFormationoftheImagesexceedstheirPower,noristheknowledgeof
thethingswhichtheseImagesrepresenta|bovetheirIntelligence,norabovethequick|nessoftheirConjecturesand
Divination.HecallssomeDreams,Divine,becausewhetheritwerethatGodemploy'dAngelstocon|veythem,or

whethertheyareimmediatelycaus'dbyhimself,thethingssignifyedbythemfarexceedtheNaturalcapacityofan
Angelsunderstandingsothatitwasabsolute|lyimpossibletheyshouldeverattaintotheKnowledgeofthem,butbya
particularReve|lationthereforethoseDreamsmayberepu|tedtocomefromGod,whichbywhatMes|sengersoever
theyareconveyed,yetcontainsuchthingsasGodonlyisabletoknowandreveal.AsfortheMarksofDivineDreams,
hesays,it'scertainthatMoses,andothershadsomecertainMarkswhichabsolutelydeter|min'dthemtosetuponsuch
Actionsastheydid,thoughothersmightnotknowwhereinthoseMarksdidconsistheobservesthatGodRulesinthe
UnderstandingofWiseandVertu|ousMenandpowerfullyinclinesittoaBe|liefandResolution,thoughitdoesnotsee
intheobjectreasons,altogetherproportionatetotheeffectitfeelsintheSoulsothattheextraordinarilydetermination
oftheUnder|standingisanevidentProofoftheDivinityoftheDream.
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TheThirdQuestion,viz.WhetherGodmakesuseofthiskindofDreams,nowundertheDispensationoftheGospel,is
treatedofinhisFifthChapter,wherehesays,ThatasforthoseDivineDreams,whicharedesignedtoforetelthingsto
come,undertheEmblemofanAllegoricalRepresentation,ortoconveysomenewcommandstoMeninordertosome
greatandextraordinaryDesign,forwhichthereisneedofDivineAuthorityfortheundertakingandexecutingofit,he
conceivesthattimeiswhollyexpir'd,andthosewhopretendto,andboastofanysuch,areeitherImpostors,whowould
abusetheWorldbytheirfeign'dVisi|ons,toservetheirownprivateInterest,orFools,whohavetheirBrainsdisturb'd
byHy|pochondriacalVapoursandherehedelivershisThoughtsconcerningacertainkindofPeopleofbothSexes,
whobothinPolandandGermanyhavepretendedtoDivineVisionsintheselatterDayshedoesnotaccusethemof
Imposture,theyhavinggivenasufficientExperienceoftheirPiety,butaffirms,ThatintheirActionstheyhadsome
transportofUnderstanding,whichproceededfromsomeotherCause,thanwhatwastrulyDivine.TheywerePersons
thatgavethemselvesex|traordinarilytothereadingoftheApocalypse,andtheotherProphesiesandtheirSpiritswere
sopossess'dwiththeIdeasofthosethingstheytheresaw,wherefutureEventswererepresen|tedtothem,thatthey
perswadedthemselves,theirveryDreams,andthethingstheyima|gin'dtheysawinthoseExtasiestheysome|timesfell
into,wereRealandDivineVisionsandwhatcontributedtothisbelief,was,thattheysuffer'dthemselvestobecarryed
away
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bythehopesofthose,whoexpectinduetime,aProsperityoftheChurchofGodonEarth,andaterribleSubversionof
allthoseStatesandPowerswhichnowopposetheEstablishmentofChrist'sKingdom:Andastheyzealouslydesired
this,theyeasilyimagin'dittobecer|tainandindubitablediversTextsofScripturealsohavingsomeseeming
appearanceofsomesuchPromisesmadetotheChurchofChrist:BesidetheMelancholickHumourwhichwas
naturallypredominantinthem,theAfflicti|ons,Hardships,andAnxietiestheyunderwent,aswellfromthepublick
Affairs,astheirownprivateConcernsmadethemveryreadytoreceiveallImpressionsofFancy,whichmightshew
themanyhopeofDeliverance,oranymitigationoftheirTroublesbeitthenthateithertheyDreamt,orthatwaking,

theyweresurpriz'dwithsometransportofFancy,inwhichtheirSoulwasperfectlyabstractedfromtheBody,andfrom
allCommercewiththeirSenses(asthissometimeshappensinHy|pochondriacalDistempers)theseApocalypti|cal
Imageswerethusputintoaviolentmoti|on,andfram'dintheirImaginationsthosepretendedVisions,whichtheyhave
sincere|latedtousthoughwehaveseen,ingreatpart,byExperience,thatthoseImageswhichtheysawintheir
pretendedEnthusiasms,eithersignifiednothingatall,oriftheydid,yettheirvanityandfalsenesshavebeenconfuted
bytheEvents.
HesubjoynshereaReflectiononthoseareclledQurs,forboastingofVisions,Reve|latios,DivineInspirations,
extraordinaryGiftsoftheSpirit,ofExtasiesandstrangeTransportationswhobytheirtremblingsand
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quakingswouldrepresenttheMotionsofEn|thusiastsandProphetsandhetellsus,theSpi|ritofChristisaSpiritof
UnderstandingandPrudence,andofasoberandwellsettledSense,andnotaSpiritwhichfillsemptyBrainswithDark
andPhantasticalImaginations,norex|posesthetrueReligiontotheLaughterofitsEnemies,andtothescandalofSober
andIn|telligentMen,byitsindecent,andunnaturalMotions.
AsforthoseDreamswhichmayproceedmeerlyfromtheImpressionandOperationofAngels,bothgoodandbad,he
says,hewillnotdenybuttheremaybeyetsomeExam|plesofthatkindtobeseenandthoughtheDispensationofthe
Law,underwhichgoodAngelsweremoreespeciallyEmployedinthingsrelatingtoReligion,benowpass'd,yetthey
continuestilltobeMinistersandInstrumentsofDivineProvidenceinwhatre|latestocivilLifeandhumaneSociety,
andespeciallytheProtectionoftheFaithful,andtheDefenceoftheChurchofChrist.Andasitisnotimpossible,but
theymaysometimesappeartoMenwaking,soitisnotincrediblebutGodmaymakeuseofthem,fromtimetotime,to
conveytoMenthenoticesofsomethingsbyDreamshesays,therearemanyExamplesofbothkindsintheBooksof
thosewhohavemadeCollectionsofthem,towhichBookshereferstheReaderbutgivesusoneInstanceofMonsieur
Calignan,ChancellorofNavarre,aManofsingularVertuewhobe|ingatBearne,oneNight,ashelayasleep,hearda
Voicewhichcall'dhimbyhisName,CalignanHereuponawaking,andhearingnomoreofit,heimagin'dheDreamt,
andfell
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asleepagainalittleafterheheardthesameVoice,callinghiminthesamemanner,whichmadeagreaterimpressionon
himthanbe|fore,sothatbeingawaken'd,hecall'dhisWife,whowaswithhim,andtoldherwhathadhappen'dsothat
theybothlaywakingforsometime,expectingwhethertheymightheartheVoiceagain,atlasttheVoiceawaken'dhim
athirdtime,callinghimbyhisName,andadvisedhimtoretirepresentlyoutoftheTown,andtoremovehisFamily,
forthatthePlaguewouldragehorriblyinthatplacewithinafewDayshefollowedthedirection,andwithinafew
DaysafterthePlaguebeganintheTown,anddestroyedagreatnumberofPeople.Now,theAuthorsays,whetherthe

PlaguecamebytheInfectionoftheAir,orbysomeInfectiousPersons,orwhethersomeSorcerersandWitches,(as
theysaytheysometimesdo)diffus'dtheirInfectiousPoy|sonsinthatplace,neitherexceededtheknow|ledgeofthe
Angelsthatspaketohim.HenextrelatesaDreamasstrangewhichhap|pen'dtoLwisdeBourbon,PrinceofConde,
and,inhisConclusion,hesays,thereisneedofgreatCircumspectiontoJudgeoftheseNo|cturnalVisionsifanysuch
DreaminduceustoagoodAction,andfromwhencetherecanfollownobadEvent,suchaDreamoughtnottobe
suspectedbyusbutifitpromptsustoevil,weoughtabsolutelytocondemn,andrejectit,asaDelusionoftheDevil.
SofarAmyrldus.
Mlchn,l.deAnima,writesconcerningtheNatureofDreams,asfollows.IshallnotfollowtheAagesofNatural
Philosophers,whostrivingtoreferDreamsofallkindsto
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NaturalCauses,actfoolishlybutIfindfourkindsofDreams.
TheFirstisofvulgarDreams,whichmaybecall'dNatural,because,theNaturalandimmediateCausesofthemarein
view,aswhenImagesarepresentedofthosethings,whichwethinkonbeingawakeorwhenDreamsanswertocertain
Humoursaredun|dancyoragitationofwhichmovestheIma|gation,orSpirits.
TheSecondkindIcallpresaging,whichneverthelessisnotDivine,butasbyaNaturaltemperament,orpeculiar
property,orbyaNaturalGift,onePersonismoreMusicalthananother,orhasagreaterActivityofBody,&c.sobya
NaturalGiftorproperty,manyhavepresagingDreams,paintingforthfutureE|vents,asitwerebycertainAllegories.So
Pontanustellsus,ThatacertainSoldieratGe|noa,DreamthewasdevouredbyaSerpent,whereforeonaDay,when
theotherSoldi|erswereputonboardShipstoFightwiththeEnemy,hekepthimselfathomebutatu|multcasually
arisingintheCity,hewaskill'dbytheBallofasortofCanon,whichwecallaSerpent.ThiskindofDreamshasnotan
apparentcauseintheMotion,orPlentyoftheHumours,orthefirstQualities,aswesaidofthefirstkind,butthereare
certainpresagingNatures,call'dbyAristotle,LoquacesNaturae,[gap:innonLatinalphabet],thathave
frequentsignifyingDreamsnorshallIbeagainstit,ifanyMenshallcontend,thatthecauseofthispropertyisthe
excellencyofthetemperament,asAstrologerswillhaveitbutthoseareidlewhodeliverwaysofexplainingthem,and
seekCausesintheMotionofHumors.
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TheThirdkindisDivine,whichGodsendsintoMinds,eitherbyhimself,orbyAngelssuchastheScripturestellus
weredivinelysent,andtheseonlyaretoberely'don,ascertain,theothersbeingallfallacious.

TheFourthkindisDiabolical,aswhenWitches(asitseemstothem)arepresentatFeastsandSports,whenithasbeen
oftenknownbyexperience,,thattheyneverwenttothem,butastheylaySleeping,signifiedbytheirGesturesand
Cries,thattheyDream'dofFeastingandDancing.OfthiskindhavebeenmanySuperstitiousDreamersofFormer
Ages,andintheseourTimeswehaveheardofmanyFanaticalDreamsofAnabaptists,CommandingCrimes,and
ConfirmingEr|rorswhichareeasilyjudgedofbyPiousandPrudentPersons.
Sennertus,inEpit.Phys.l.7.c.9.writesthus.ToSupernaturalDreamswereferallthosewhicharesentusfrom
SuperiourCauses,andExternaltous,betheyfromGod,AngelsorDevils.ThosethataresentfromGodandGood
Angels,areespeciallycalledDivine,whereoftherearesomeinstancesintheScri|ptures:forGodiswonteitherto
presentnewSpeciestoMeninDreams,or,sotoorderandconjoynthosethatareinMenbefore,thattheyaresignsof
futurethingsandAngelsarewonttostirupandaptlydisposethoseSpecies,SpiritsandHumoursthatareintheBody,
thattheyadmonishMenofgoodandnecessarythings.AndDiabolicalDreamsarecausedthesameway,asbyAngels,
butforadifferentend,viz.theDestructionofMen.
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Fromthesethingsitappears,howevenab|sentandfuturethingsmaybepresentedtousbyourDreams.ThePlatonicks
thinkmanyDreamsmaybereferr'dtotheirGeniiandDae|mons,whichtheythinkattendallparticularPersons,and
conclude,thattheyadmonishthemofmanythingsbutourDivinesmuchmorerightlyreferthemtoAngels,which
attendeachMan.TowhichwemayaddwhatTertull.writes,viz.*ThegiftofDivineDreamsdescendsev'nonProphane
Persons,GodequallyaffordingRainandSunshineontheJustandUnjust:Sinceev'nNebuchadnezarhadaDreamsent
himbyGod.AndasthefavourofGodreacheseventhePagans,sothetemptationoftheDevildoestheSaints,from
whomheisneverabsent,thathemaystealuponthemunawares,whenaSleep,ifhecannotprevailwiththemwhen
awake.
HetherefurtherPhilosophizesconcerningDreams,asfollows.
BecauseinDreamingPersonstheFancyisemployed,andsomeFantasmispresentedtoit,andwedonotDreamonly
ofthosethingswhichwehavedoneintheDay,orofthosethingswhichlyehidintheBody,butalsoofthosethings
whichareatavastdistancefromus,andwhichwehaveneitherseen,heard,norperceivedbyanySensenay,ofthose
thingswhicharenotyetinbeing,buttocomeafterwards,itsqueriedhowtheImagesofthingsabsent,andnever
perceivedbytheSenses,andwhicharenotyetinbeing,canbepresentedtotheFancy?TheEpicurenssupposethat
Images,whichflytoandfro,andwanderintheAir,arethecausesofthisthing.Rhodig.Lect.Antiq.l.27.c.11.denies
Page236

thoseImages,butcontendstherearecertainMotions,whichexerciseusinsteadofImagesandthatthoseMotions
proceedfromcertainbeginingsofthosethings,whichareshortlyaftertobesaid,ordonebyus,theAirfirstchang'd,
andthenbeingconveydthroughthepassagesoftheEarsandNostrilstotheHeart,cause,thatweseemtoforeknowthe
eventsoffuturethingsandthesemotionscan|notatanytime,bringamoreamplesenseofthemselves,thaninthe
Night.Buthowcantherebemotionsofthingsthatarenotyetinbeing?orhowcanthingsabsentFifty,oranHundred
MilespresentlyaffecttheAir?orwhydonotthoseMotionsaffectallPersonsindifferenlyasleepintheirway,butonly
thosewhomitconcernstoknowthatthing?WereferallthoseDreamswhichwehavecon|cerningthings,thatwenever
perceivedbeforebySense,orfromcausesthatdonotlyehidinourBody,toaDivineoperation.
*QuercitanPhilosophizesofSupernaturalDreamsthus:SupernaturalDreamsareinthemiddlebe|twixtDivineand

Naturalinregardtheircausesareneitherreferr'dimmediatelytoGod,nortothemalignityofevilHumours,onwhich
theriseofNaturalDreamsdependsbuttoourSoul,whichisawake,theBodysleepingandwhichbeingstirr'dupbya
certainSuperna|turalRapt,especiallythegoodGeniusInspiring,representstousbyDreamsandVisions,many
Fantasms,which,forthemostpart,Presagesomewhatcertain,thecertitudeofwhichiscommonlyknownbytheevent
ofthingsmanyInstancesofthoseDreamsoccur,whereithasoftemseemedtoPersonsinDreams,thattheyfallinto
someDisease,orrecoverof
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it,towhichVisionstheEventafterwardsan|swer'dtoallthings,thattheyhadseenbe|foreintheirsleepthoughthey
werenotde|sir'dnorsoughtfor,asDiabolicalDreamsarewonttobesoughtfor.ArnoldusdeVillaNovaDreamt,That
hewasbitintheFootbyaBlackCat,thenextDaytherebrokeoutinthatpartofhisFootaCancerousandMalig|nant
Ulcer.SofarQuercitan.
SoSimlerustellsus,intheLifeofGesner,ThatGesneronaNightDreamt,thathewasbitbyaSerpent,andthenext
Morningsaid,thatheshouldbeseiz'dwithaPestilentialCar|buncle:afewDaysafteraCarbuncleappear'dinhisleft
Pap,fiveDaysbeforehedyed.
ToprocceednowtogivesomefartherIn|stancesofDreamsfromotherAuthors.Fra|castoriustellsus,ThatMarcus
AntoniusFlaminius,beingatGenoa,andsomewhatindisposedinhisHealth,borrow'daBookofaFriend,todivert
himwhichhavingreadsomeDays,hechanc'dtoleaveitonaCouch,withsomeotherBooks,andthatwhenthePerson
thatlentit,cameforit,itcouldbynomeansbefound.IntheNighttimehesaw,inhisDream,aMaidServantofthe
House,taketheBookfromtheCouch,andasshewaslayingitonaTable,theBookchanc'dtofallontheGround,and
onesideoftheCoverwasbroken,andtheMaidhidit,forfear,inase|cretplace.FlaminiusrisingintheMorning,and
remembringhisDream,soughtfortheBookandfounditinthatplace,andchargingtheMaidServantwithwhatwas
done,sheconfess'dthatallpass'dashehadsaid.

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CelsusManciniusofRavenna,haswritanIn|geniousTract,intitl'd,DeSomniis,&SynesiperSomnia,viz.ofDreams,
andasagaciousper|ceptionofthingsbyDreams,inwhichhehasinsertedtheDreambeforesetdown.InhisWorkhe
hassetforththeOpinionsofthemostFamousPhilosophersconcerningtheCausesoDreamsandthoughheallowsthe
DivineandAngelicalDreamsrecordedintheScriptures,yetforallotherwonderfulDreams,hethinksareasonmaybe
rendredofthemaccordingtotheDoctrineofAristotle,viz.ascasuallyhapning.HegivesInstancesofmanystrange
Dreams,andamongothersofthatofFlamini|us,andexplainsthemallaccordingtoAristo|tle'sDoctrine.Inhis19th
Chapter,hesays,ItsknownthatthosewhoapplythemselvestoPhilosophy,andotherArtsandSciences,intheirsleep,
bythehelpofaPowerfulImagi|nation,arecentexercise,andastrongAt|tentionofMind,Discourse,findoutanddo
manythingswhichtheyhadnotdone,norwereabletofindout,wakingandhesays,Flaminiussawthosethingsinhis
Dream,be|causebeingtroubl'dabouttheBookhehadborrowed,andmuchconcern'd,thathecouldnotrestoreit,he
begantothinkwheretheBookmightbefoundhedidnotJudgeitstol'n,butseeingotherBooksremov'dfromone
placetoanother,viz.fromtheCouchtotheTable,hebegantoconsiderwhohaddoneitashethoughtofthis,noone
couldoc|currtohimmorereadily,normoresuspe|ctedthantheMaidServant,thatconstantlyattendedhim.That
ServantwasdoubtlessfreefromanySuspicionofTheftfortheBookwasnotlikelytoyieldhermuchMoney,
Page239
ortobeofanyusetoherthereforehemustconcludewithinhimself,thatincarryingtheBooksfromtheCouchtothe
Table,thatBookcasuallyfellandbrokeitscoverandbecausePeoplearewonttohidetheirFaults,oratleasttolessen
thembysomeexcuse,thatsim|pleMaidfearingchiding,orbeating,orlestsomeillmightfollow,wiselytoavoidall,
hidtheBookinthemostsecretplaceshecould,asbehindaChest,orsomelikeplace.Havingdiscourss'dthesethings
byNight,inhissleep,anduponwakingintheMorning,remembringhisDream,hetry'dwhetheritweretrue,and
foundallthingsexactlytoanswerhisDream.HeexplainsotherstrangeDreamsafterthesamemanner,accordingto
Aristotle'sOpinion,ascasuallyhapning,byaluckyhitofthMind,initsimprov'dwayofreasoninginourSleep.
ButIdoubtthiswayofexplainingwillnotdoinallCases,butwemustoftenhavere|coursetotheDirectionofsome
SuperiorIn|telligences.
Mr.CottonMather,inhisEcclesiasticalHi|storyofNewEngland,writesthus,*WithinaFortnightofmywritingthis,a
Physician,whosojournedwithinaFurlongofmyHouse,forthreeNightstogether,wasmiserablydi|sturbedwith
DreamsofhisbeingDrown'donthethirdoftheseNightshisDreamsweresotroublesome,thathewascastinto
extreamSweats,bystruglingundertheimaginaryWa|ters:WiththeSweatsyetuponhim,hecamedownfromhis
Chamber,tellingthePeopleoftheFamilywhatitwasthathadsodis|composedhim.Immediatelytherecameintwo
Friends,thataskedhimtogoalittleway

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withthem,inaBoat,upontheWater:hewas,atfirst,afraidofgratifyingtheminit,butbeingverycalmWeather,he
recollectedhimself,whyshouldImindmyDreams,ordistrustDivineProvidence?hewentwiththem,andbefore
Night,byaThunderStormsuddenlycomingup,theywereallthreeDrown'd.Mr.Mathersays,heenquir'dintothe
truthofthisRelation,justashewritit,andcouldassertit.
Soagain,CamerariustellsusintheLifeofMelancthon,thatGulielmusNessenus,onaDayafterDinner,inagentle
Sleephehad,DreamtthathewaspassingaRiverinaFisherBoat,(asheusuallydidforhisDiversion)andthatthe
BoatstrikingontheTrunkofaTree,wasoverturned,andhewasDrowned.ThisDreamhetoldtoPhilipMelancthon,
whothencasuallycametoseehim,deridingwithaltheVanityofDreamsbutthatsameEveningwhathehadDreamt
cametopass.
Mr.WilliamSmythies,CurateofSt.Giles'sCriplegate,An.1698,publishedanaccountoftheRobberyandMurtherof
JohnStockden,Victualler,inGrubstreet,withinthesaidParish,andoftheDiscoveryoftheMurtherers,byseveral
DreamsofElizabeth,theWifeofTho|masGreenwood,aNeighbourtothesaidStockden:AnAbstractofwhich
Account,Igiveyouasfollows.
Mr.Smithies,firsttellingus,thatnonecandoubtbutgreatDiscoverieshavebeenmadebyDreams,whoreadtheLife
ofSirHenryWottonandourEnglishChronicles(particu|larlytheMurtherofWaters,andtheDisco|veryofitbya
Dream,recordedbySirRichardBaker,inhisChapterofCasualties,inthe
Page241
ReignofJamestheFirst)andotherHisto|rieshesays,Mr.StockdenwasRobb'dandMurtheredbythreeMen,inhis
ownHouse,onthe23ddayofDecember,1695.aboutMidnight.AlittleaftertheMurther,therecameaWomanintothe
Street,andsaid,shebelievedoneMaynardtobeoneoftheMur|therers,becauseshewasinformedhewasfullofMony,
bothSilverandGolduponwhichtherewasaWarrantagainsthimbuthecouldnotbefound.SoonafterthisStockden
appear'dtoElizabethGreenwood,inaDream,andshew'dheranHouseinThamesstreet,neartheGeorge,andtoldher,
thatoneoftheMurthererswasthereshewentthenextMorning,andtookoneMaryBuggas,anHonestWoman,who
livednearher,togowithhertothePlacetowhichherDreamdirected,andaskingforMaynard,wasinform'dthathe
Lodg'dthere,butwasgoneabroad.AfterthatStockdensoonappearedagaintoMrs.Greenwood,andthenrepresenting
Maynard'sFace,withaflatMoleonthesideofhisNose(whomshehadneverseen)signifiedtoher,thataWiredrawer
musttakehim,andthatheshouldbecarriedtoNewgateinaCoach.UponenquirytheyfoundoutoneofthatTrade,
whowashisgreatIntimate,andwho,forarewardofTenPounds,promisedhimonhisTaking,under|tookit,and
effectedit.HesenttoMaynardtomeethim,uponextraordinaryBusiness,ataPublickHouse,nearHockleyintheHle,
wherehePlayedwithhimtillaConstablecame,whoapprehendedhim,andcarriedhimbeforeaMagistrate,who
CommittedhimtoNewgate,andhewascarriedthitherinaCoach.

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MaynardbeinginPrison,confestthehor|ridFact,anddiscover'dhisAccompliceswhowereoneMarsh,Beveland
Mercer,andsaid,thatMarshwasthesetteron,beinganearNeighbourtoStockden,whoknewhewaswellfurnished
withMonyandPlateandthoughMarshwerenotpresentattheRobbery,yethemettohaveashareoftheBooty.Mrsh
knowingorsuspectingthatMaynardhaddis|coverdhim,lefthisHabitation.Stockdenap|pear'dsoonaftertoMrs.
Greenwood,andseem'dbyhisCountenancetobedispleas'd:hecar|riedhertoanHouseinOldstreet,whereshehad
neverbeen,andshew'dherapairofStairs,andtoldherthatoneoftheMenLodg'dtherethenextMorningshetook
MryBuggeswithhertotheHouse,accord|ingtothedirectionoftheDream,wheresheaskedaWoman,ifoneMarsh
didnotLodgethere?towhichtheWomanreplyedthatheoftencamethither.ThisMarshwastakensoonafterin
anotherplace.
AfterthisMr.GreenwoodDreamtthatStockdencarriedherovertheBridge,uptheBurrugh,andintoaYard,whereshe
sawBevil,thethirdCriminal(whomshehadneverseenbefore)andhisWife:uponherelingthisDream,itwas
believedthatitwasoneofthePrisonYardsandthereuponshewentwithMrs.Footman(whowasStockden's
KinswomanandHousekeeper,andwasGagg'dinhisHousewhenhewasMurthered)totheMlshalsea,wherethey
enquiredforBevil,andwereinform'd,thathewaslatelybroughtthitherforCoining,andthathewastakenerthe
Banside,accordingtoaDreamwhichMrs.Greenwoodhadbeforeofhisbeingthere
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theydesiredtoseehim,andwhenhecame,hesaidtoMrs.Footman,Doyouknowme?shereplyed,Idonot
whereuponhewentfromthem:Mrs.GreenwoodthentoldMrs.Foot|mn,thatshewassureofhisbeingtheMan,whom
shesawinherSleep.TheythenwentintotheCellar,whereMrs.GreenwoodsawalustyWoman,andprivatelysaidto
Mrs.Foot|man,that'sBevil'sWifewhomIsawinmySleep:theydesiredthatBevilmightcometothem,andfirstputon
hisPeriwig,whichwasnotonthetimebeforethelustyWomansaid,whyshouldyouspeakwithmyHusbandagain,
sinceyousaidyoudidnotknowhim?hecamethesecondtime,andsaid,Doyouknowenow?Mrs.Footmanreplyed,
NobutitproceededfromasuddenFear,thatsomeMischiefmightbedonetoher,whohadverynarrowlyescaped
DeathfromhimwhenshewasGagg'dandassoonasshewasoutoftheCellar,shetoldMrs.Greenwood,thatshethen
remembredhimtobetheMan.TheywentsoonaftertotheClerkofthePeace,andprocuredhisremovaltoNewgate,
whereheconfesttheFact,andsaid,TotheGriefofmyHeart,IKilledhim.
Mrs.GreenwooddidnotDreamanythingconcerningMercer,whowasaPartyconcern'd,butwouldnotconsenttothe
MurtherofStock|den,andpreservedMrs.Footman'sLifenorhastherebeenanydiscoveryofhimsince,butheis
Escaped,andthethreeotherswereHang'd.
AftertheMurtherersweretakenMrs.Green|woodDreamtthatStockdencametoherintheStreet,andsaid,Elizabeth,I
Thankthee,theGodofHeavenRewardtheeforwhatthouhstdone.Sincewhichshehasbeenatquiet

Page244
fromthoseFrights,whichhadmuchTormen|tedher,andcausedanalterationconsiderableinherCountenance.
ThisRelationisCertifiedbytheLordBishopofGloucester,who,withthethenDeanofYork,theMasterofthe
Charterhouse,andDr.Alix,hadtheParticularsoftheforegoingNarra|tive,fromMrs.GreenwoodandMrs.Buggas.
WhenDr.Harvey(whowasafterwardsFellowoftheCollegeofPhysiciansinLondon)beingaYoungMan,wentto
TraveltowardsPadua,hewenttoDover,withseveralothers,andshew'dhisPass,astherestdid,totheGovernour
there.TheGovernourtoldhim,thathemustnotgo,buthemustkeephimPrisonertheDoctordesiredtoknowforwhat
reason,howhehadTransgress'dhesaid,itwashiswilltohaveitsothePacquetBoathoistedSailintheEvening
(whichwasveryClear)andtheDoctor'sCompanionsinit.ThereensuedaterribleStorm,andthePacquetBoat,andall
thePassengerswereCastaway.ThenextdaythesadNewswasbroughttoDover,theDoctorwasunknowntothe
Governour,butbyNameandFacebuttheNightbeforetheGovernourhadaperfectVision,inaDream,ofDr.Harvey,
whocametopassovertoCalaisandthathehadawarningtostophim.ThistheGover|nourtoldtheDoctorthenext
day,andtheDoctortoldthisStorytoseveralofhisAc|quaintancehereinLondon.ThisRelationItookfromMr.
Aubrey'sMiscellanies:andIthinkithard(Imaysayimpossible)toac|countforthisDream,andthatof
MonsieuCalignon,beforesetdown,byanyoccultwofimprov'dReasoninginourSleep.
Page245
ClaudedeTisserant,aParisian,PrintedanHi|storyofProdigies,An.1575.wherehewrites,ThattheWifeofoneofthe
ChiefofthePar|liamentofProvence,DreamtthatherHusbandwasExecuted,ashereallywas,intheCityofParis,and
atherAwaking,foundherHandsostiff,thatshecouldnotplyit,andinitwastheImageofherHusbandrepresented,
withhisHeadCutoff,thesaidImagebeingallBloodythisImagehavingbeenseenbymanyPersonsyetalive,itnot
beingabove20Yearssincethethinghappen'd.
Alex.abAlexand.tellsus,*ThatanIngeniousYoungMan,wholivedwithhim,hehavingthecareofhisEducation,
saw,inhisDream,hisMothercarriedinaFuneral,tobeInterr'dwhereuponhefellintogreatSighsandLa|mentations,
whomAlexandercausedtobea|waken'd,andthenask'dhimwhyhesoLa|mented?heanswered,hisMotherwasDead,
andinhisSleep,hesawhercarryingtobeBuried.AlexanderobservedthedayandtimethatthisVisionhappen'da
littlewhileafter,aMessengercametohimwiththeNewsofhisMother'sDeathofwhomaskingtheday,ithappened
hefoundshediedthesamedaythattheVisionwasseen.BywhichExample,hesays,withothersofthelikekind,we
arepromptedtobelievethatGodhasgivenusaDivinatorySpirit,andProphetickForesightoffuturethings,inour
Dreams.

Cardanwritesthus,*JoannesMariaMaurose|nus,aSenatorofVenice,myparticularFriend,whilehewasPrtorin
Dalmatia,sawinhisDream,oneofhisBrothers,whomhemuchlov'd,Embracehim,andbidhimfarewel,becausehe
wasgoingtotheotherWorld.
Page246
Joan.MariahavingfollowedhimalittlewayWeeping,awak'dallinTears,andwasinagreatfearforhisBrotherat
Venice.OnthethirddayLetterswerebroughthimfromhome,signifyingthathisBrotherDonatu(forthatwashis
Name)diedonthatnightandhour,afterhehadlainthreedaysSickofaPestilentialFever.Thisherelatedtomemore
thanonce,withTearsinhisEyes.
ThesameAuthorwritesinthenextPara|graph,ThatLudovicusMadiushisCountryman,hadaSoldierSleepingina
Chamber,whoonacertainNightcry'doutinhisSleep,hisMasterask'dhim,Whatayl'dhim?hean|swered,Thathe
DreamthehadreceivedagreatWoundintheHead,andthathewasuponDying,andthereforeheawak'dinaFright
hisMaster,whoLovedhim,com|mandedhimnottostiroutofDoors:meanwhile,hisCompanions,thenextday,hada
mindtovisittheEnemyheforgettinghisDream,goesforthwiththemtheEnemyappearing,hisCompanionsFled,
andhewasSlain,hisHeadbeingClovenasunder.
Hetheretellsusalso,ThatM.Anton.Taurel|luswasadmonishedbyaDream,whereinhesawhimselfaDrowning,
whereuponheresolvednottogoaSwimmingthatday,butforgetinghisDream,andreturningtohisSwimming,hewas
Drown'd.
S.Austintellsus,ThatonePraestantiusdesiredaSolutionofaDoubtofaPhilosopher,whichherefusedtogivehim
thenightfol|lowingPrstantiusbeingawake,sawthisPhi|losopherstandby,andsolvetheDoubt,andpresentlytogo
away.Praestantiusmeetinghimthenextday,ask'dhim,whyhavingrefused
Page247
tosolvetheQuestionthedaybefore,hecametohimatmidnight,ofhisownaccord,andSolv'dit:towhichthe
Philosopherreply'd,Icmenottruly,butinmyDreamIseem'dtodothistoyou.
Magnenu,inhisExercitationsonTobacco,says,*suchDreamsasthesehappen,forthatthePer|sonthatDreams
representingtohimselfsuchaMan,endeavourstoproduceasenseofthingsnotbeneaththeauthorityofthatMan,or
theIdeahehasofhimhence,sometmies,theyhavesuchConceptions,whichareowing,nottothemselves,buttothe
reputationofsogreataMan.WiseEpictetusverywellknewthis,whocommandsthatourMindberaisedbysomeMan
ofgreatRepute,whichwemayproposetoourselvestobeImitated,andmayhearandbeholdhimaspresent:Propose
toyourself,sayshe,whatSocrates,orZenowoulddoinsuchaCase.Encri.c.5.

HeaddsbeneathThatSagaciousVertuewhichexertsitselfinMan,freelydiscoversitselfbyanInstinctualImpetus,
andIhaveoftenperceivedinmySleep,whatexactlyfelloutthenextday:SowhenIhavegonetoSleepwithafixed
thoughtonaPersonSick,ameetRemedyhasbeenrepresentedtomeinmyDream,whichnicelyweighinginmy
Judgmentthenextmorning,IhavethoughtitExcellent,andgivenitwithgreatSuccess.Ihadreadthesamehad
happen'dtoHippocratesandGalen,butdoubtedofitsTruthbutIhavefoundbymyownexperiencethataNa|ture
pronetoaBusiness,findsmostcompen|diouswaysforit,whichothersscarceever,attain,InvitMinervaasPtolomy
saysCent.4.
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Galentellsus,ThatWomenwhiletheyarewithChild,oftenseetheirChildrensFor|tunesintheirSleep,andthat
Cypsalis,andPe|riclesbegantobeformidabletoGreece,fromtheWomb.HereCardanadds,TheSoulseemsthento
bemostpure,asitnewlycomesfromHeaven,andtoforeseeandshewfuturethingstoParents.
IntheLifeofthelateSirHenryWotton,wefindanaccountofaDreamofhisFatherThomasWotton,Esqasfollows.A
littlebe|forehisDeath,heDreamt,thattheUniver|sityofOxfordwasRobb'dbyTownsmen,andpoorScholars,andthat
theNumberwasFiveandbeingthatdaytowritetohisSonHenryatOxfordhethoughtitworthsomuchpains,asby
aPostscripttohisLetter,tomakeaslightenquiryofit.TheLetterwaswritoutofKent,andcametohisSonshandsthe
verymorningafterthenight,inwhichtheRob|berywascommittedfortheDreamwastrue,andtheCircumstances,
tho'notintheexacttimeandwhentheCityandUniversitywerebothinaperplextInquestoftheThievesthendidSir
HenryWottonshewhisFathersLet|terandbyit,suchlightwasgiventothisworkofdarkness,thattheFiveGuilty
Per|sonswerepresentlyDiscoveredandappre|hended,withoutputtingtheUniversitytosomuchtrouble,astheCasting
ofaFiguer.
WearealsotoldinthenextParagraph,ThatthesaidThomasWotton,EsqandhisUncleNicholasWotton,whowas
DeanofCanterbury,bothforesawandforetoldthedaysoftheirDeaths.
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SelneccerustellsusinhisCalendar,concerningChristianKingofDenmark,ThatheforetoldhisDeath,bothtohis
ChaplainM.PaulusNovio|magus,andtoD.CorneliushisPhysician.Ja|cobusScutellarius,aFamousAstronomerof
Prague,PhysiciantotheEmperourRodolphustheSecond,hadaforeknowledgeofhisDeatheightdaysbeforeit
happen'd,andaffirm'dforcertain,heshouldDieonthe10thofDecember,An.1589.ThatFamousAstronomer
LeonardusThurnissercertainlyforeknewthedayofhisdeath,madehisWill,andcommandedhisLandlordthathe
shouldBuryhimbythesideofAlbertusMagnus,whichwasdone.HeDiedthe9thofJuly,An.1596.ThereisatRome
thisMonument.

ToSeraphinusOductiusStrancionicus,Fa|mousPhysician,amostIngeniousProphet,andaManskilledinallmanner
ofLearningwhobeingseizedwithavehementFever,foreknew,andmostconstantlyforetoldthedayandHourofhis
Death.TheophilushisSonerectedthisMonument:heDiedthe9thoftheCalendsofSept.An.1538.havingLived54
Years,9Monthsand22Days.
ThisItakefromKormannus,L.deMirac.Mort.Part9.c.102.whointhesaidBook,andthesamepart.c.164.writes
asfollows,concerningPresagingDreams.ThatDreamssometimespresageDeath,manyexamplestestify.ThatofKing
Pharaoh'sBaker,Gen.c.4.TheDreamofLuciusScyllatheRoman.TheDreamofCalphurnia,theWifeofJulius
Caesar.TheDreamofCicero,inValerius.TheDreamofAlexandertheGreat,inthesame.TheDreamofSimonides.
TheDreamofCressus,KingofLydia.TheDreamoftheArcadianinMegra,inthesame.TheDreamofFlav.Valerius,
of
Page250
MarciantheEmperor.TheDreamofEliza|bethdel'Arche,theMotherofthePuelleofOrleance.TheDreamof
Polycarpe.TheDreamoftheScholarofPavia.AllwhichM.Ancer|musJulianus,haslearnedlycompiledinhisBook
ofDreamsandnocturnalVisions.
AnancientGentleman,nowlivinginLondon,hastoldme,ThatmanyYearssincehehadoccasiontomakeaJourney
intotheNorth,andthatbeingaBedinhisInn,thefirstNightofhisJourney,aFriendofhis,Deadnotlongbefore,
appearedtohiminhisDream,andtoldhim,hehadlodg'd1000l.inthehandsofaPerson,whomhenamed(andwho
waswellknowntotheGentlemanIwriteof)fortheuseofhisDaughterandhedesiredhim,Thatuponhisreturnto
Lon|don,hewouldputthePersoninmindofit,anddesirehimtotakecaretopaytheMony.TheGentleman,afterhis
return,tookanoportunitytowaitonthesaidPerson,andaftercommondiscourseswereover,toldhim,Thatsucha
Friendoftheirs(whomhenam'd)latelyDead,hadcommunicatedaSecrettohim,viz.thathehadlodg'd1000l.inhis
hands,fortheuseofhisDaughter,andthat,asshewouldgrowMarriagableinashorttime,hemightdowelltopayit:
ThePersonfreelyown'dthething,andpay'dtheMonyaccord|inglytheGentleman,fromwhomIhadtheRelation,
havingknownnothingofitbutinhisDream.Andthisisremarkable,thattheGentlemanwhopaidtheMony,chanced
tofailinaboutthreeMonthsafter.
TogivesomeAccountofwhatexperienceIhavehadmyselfinDreams.*AsCardantellsus,thatbesidetheOracleand
Prophecy,there
Page251
arefourkindsofDreams,viz.Monitory,Per|suasive,DeterringandImpellingSoIhavehadsomeofallthesefour
kinds,andhavebeenguidedbytheminmanymaterialcircumstan|cesofmyLifemanytimestheGeniiwhichhave

attendedme,asIhavelaininmyBed,havebidmegotoSleep,saying,Thattheywouldsuggestsomethingtomeinmy
DreamwhichtheyhaveperformedandwhentheDreamwasover,theyhavingsuggestedwhattheypleased,theyhave
sensiblypush'dmyShoulder,ortakenmebytheArmrist,ortouchtsomeotherpartsofmyBody,toawakeme,and
havebidmeconsiderofwhatIhadseeninmySleep.AndthoughIhavethengenerallyfoundthethingsenigmatically
re|presented,yetthemeaningwasobviousenough,andIhaveguidedmyselfbyit.
Dr.Bekker,whotakesuponhimtosolveallAppearancesinDreams,orothers,byNatu|ralReason,withoutanyAgency
orSpiritsintheThirdVolumeofhisWork,entitled,L|mondeEnchante,c.22.writesthus.Thereisacertainwayof
Presage,orofPrognostickSigns,whichrelatestocertainparticularPersonsandtheirConcerns,whenaManbysome
extra|ordinaryVision,bythehearingorsomesen|siblePerceptionofsomething,isadvertis'dbeforehandofsomething
whichwillhappentohim,orofwhatispresentlytohappen.ThisiswhatIagreein,andIshallgivetheRea|sonofitin
myFourthPartandhereIshallonlyexplainthethingafterthewayIconceiveit:forInstance,someoneDreams,that
him|self,oroneofhiswilldie,orthatheseeshisownFigure,orthatofanotherPersonbeforehim,orinaCoffin,or
thathehearssome
Page252
oneknockingonittoNailhimin,thathepreceivessomeonetotakehimbytheHand,ortostrikehimontheShoulder,
andallotherthingsofthisNaturebutinthesamedegree,asthosebeforemention'd,withoutgoingfar|ther:thatisto
say,inthingsthatconcernourselves,andthosethatbelongtous,andinrespectofwhatisNatural,notwithPer|sons
thathavenoCommunicationwithus,orconcerningthingsthatarewhollycontingentandcasual,andthatdependon
theChoiceofMensWills.Ifbeyondthissomewhatoftenhappens,itisnotagainstNature,noraboveit,noroutofits
PowerforbeforesuchaDreamhappens,aManhasthought,perhaps,morethanonce,withgreatAfflictionofhis
DeathsinceaDreamcomesfrommuchthinkingonathing,andthattheAfflictionpartlycausestheDistemper,or
havingincreas'dit,DeathNa|turallyfollowsbutit'smoredifficulttocom|prehendhowthismayalsohappeninrespect
ofotherPersonsforaManhasnotsostrongatyewithanother.Meanwhile,asIobserve,thatNaturalistsassignstwo
Causes,thatgiveBirthtoSympathy,oramutualInclination,whichmanifestlyappearsinMen,Beasts,Plants,Trees,
andinmanyotherBodies,bywhichtheynaturallyUnitethemselvestogether,orkeepfarasunderfromeachotherand
intheirOperations,theyfindnotReasontorejectasincredibleev'ntheseApparitions,inaDream,butweoughtalsoto
concludefromthence,thattheNaturalcausebeingthusknown,theDevilhasnothingtodoinit.
WeexplainmoreparticularlySympaphy,afterthewayfollowing:Wesaythen,first,ThateachBody,ev'nthoughso
littleitcanscarce
Page253

beperceiv'd,iscompos'dofanInfinityoflit|tlePartsandthattheselittlePartsareinter|woventheonewiththeother,
afteraveryunequalmannerthatit'sforthisthattwoBo|dieswhereoftheleastPartsorAtomsarewo|venafteranequal
manner,havealsoatyeonewiththeotherfortheyareinvestedwithanobject,whichisthesame,oratleastofthe
sameNature,andofanequalmannerwhere|forethosewhichareofanequalCompositionofParts,willreceivetheone
aswellastheo|ther,aftersuchorsuchamanner,alikede|sire,orlikefoodineatinganddrinking,andasthistexture
hasplaceparticularlyintheNa|turnalmixtureofMan'sBody,wecallthisEqualityofHumors,andaccordingthenas
theseParticlesagree,andarewovenanddispos'dwell,orilltogether,thisiscall'dGoodorIllHumorofaMan,butthis
isnotyetall,theParticlesthusInterlactfortheCompositionofaBody,arewithallittlevolatileParts,whichpassaway
inVapourscontinuallybothoutwardly,andinwardly,whereofwemaysee,asfarastheEyecandiscover,somewhata
ProofintheSmoak,orVapourofhotBlood,forthisVapourisnoughtbutaquanti|tyofthoselittleParts,mixttheone
withtheother,inavolatileandcontinualMotiontheseParticlesexhalefromoneBodyintoano|ther:Nowinallthings
thisholds,thateverywhere,likeseeksitslike,andjoynswithitslikewheninthecommerceofHumaneLifethisdoes
nothappensoexteriourly,it'sbecausethiscouplingorjoyningisnotmadebyane|cessityofNature,butby
Deliberation:andneverthelesstherewillbestillascetcauseintheSympathyoftheseNature,whichnotappearso
outwardly.
Page254
Wemustaddtowhatwehavesaidbefore,theforceoftheImagination,whereofExpe|perienceteachesusamazing
thinksItis(tospeakthusasopenlyaswemay)asoutoftheOperationoftheExteriourSenses,thatSpi|rits,(thatisto
say)thesaidExhalation,andEvaporationofthemostsubtlePartsmoun|tingfromtheHearttotheBrain,wherethey
exposealikeRepresentation,asthatofthecommonSenseofMan,bythemeansoftheSenses,butotherwisebrought
fromwithoutaccordingthenastheBrainistenderorhard,moist,ordryorthataPersonisoldoryoungaMan,ora
Womanthattheoneortheo|therfindshimselfSickorinHealth:Accordingtoallthis,Isay,somethingisimprinted,
moreeasilyormoredifficultyintheBraintheSpi|ritshavingmoreorlessCommunicationwiththoseofanotherBody,
equaltothis,bythemeansoftheExhalation,andEvaporationoftheleastParts,outwardlyandinwardlythishappens
mostcommonlyinaSicknessandaboveallinaMortalitythencecomesthecontagionoftheAir,andoftheBlood.
Thisbeingso,Menmayalso,incaseofaSickness,orMortality,orofsomeIminentdanger,whiletheBloodandSpirits
arepar|ticularlymov'd,havealivelyforeperceivingthatistosay,theWomaninrespectofherHusband,theChildin
regardofhisMother,andtheMotherinregardofherChildBro|thersandSistersinregardtheoneoftheo|therand
evenaFriend,andaComradeinrespectofthosewithwhomtheyhavecontra|ctedaFriendshipandSocietyand
thoughtheyarefardistant,theyceasenottohavethisforeperceiving,sincethevolatileParticles
Page255
dispersethemselvestomanyLeaguesdistance,andtendtheonetowardstheother.

ExperiencewhollyproveswhatIsay,themostsubtleParts,andtheirExteriourandIn|terriourattractionofoneBodyin
another,causesthattheLoadstonedrawstheIronforwhatdrawsreciprocallytouchesThistouchfortifiesthetexture
oftheParticlestheonewiththeothersandsothatwhatdoesnottouchreciprocallydoesnotdraw.Thattheselittle
PartsdispersethemselvesveryfariswhatistaughtusbythetraceofaDogthisBeastinfollowingit,willfindbythe
solemeansofthesmell,inwhichconsiststheMotionofthesesubtleParts,theTractofanyonethathastravell'd,to
Fifty,nay,eventoanHun|dredLeaguesofway,byLandandWater,infairWeather,andTempestuous.Asforthe
Imagination,itsathingmanifest,bythewon|derfulExperienceandOperationithaswhileWomenarewithChild,on
theFruitwithoutspeakingatpresentofotherExampleswhichmayfindtheirplaceintheSequel.
Iconcludetherefore,atpresent,thatthisCommunication,andthisMotionofthevo|latilePartsoftheBodiesofPersons,
thathavelovetheonefortheothers,orthatareofaveryequalNature,beitfar,ornear,producessuchathing.This
admirableParticipationmakesanequalImpressionontheBrain,aswefindillWeathercausesitselftobefore
perceiv'dinaMan'sLimbs,orchieflyinthoseofaBeast.Isay,suchanImpressionismade,whenthereiaPersonsick,
orthatasicknessFomentsitselfinhisLimbs,orthathedies,orisonthepointofDeath:itstothisPersonasaDream,
heunderstands,hesees,heprceivessome|thing,
Page256
andthisalsotroubleshim.Whentherehashappen'dtohimafteranextraordinaryman|ner,suchaPerceptionorDream
Waking,it'sthesamethingastheImaginationsthatneverhappen'dtohimafterthesamemanner,ornearitorthathe
hasbeenusedallthetimeshehasmadethisexperience,toseesomewhatlikethistofollow,hemaytakeitforasign
notofaDevil,orofaSpirit,butasbeingwhollyNatural.Wemayalsofreelybelieve,thatbyreasonoftheunequal
constitutionoftheBrain,BloodandSpiritsinsomeMen,onealsooughttobesubjectmoretothesekindsof
rencoun|tersthananotherthiscausesthatwemaysayinsomemannerwithReason,thatoneManmayseemore
Fantomsthananother.
IshallforbeartoincertmoreherefromDr.Bekker,referringtheReadertohisWorksandIshallconcludethisChapter
withaRe|lation,ortwo,forMentoconsiderhowDr.Bekker'sPhilosophybeforelaiddown,mayservetoexplainthem,
tho'intruththeseRe|lationsmighthavebeensomewhatmorepro|perlyinsertedinsomeprecedentChapter,thanthisof
Dreams.
ThefirstisconcerningthatDukeofBuck|ingham,whowasStabbedbyFelton,Aug.23.1628.
Mr.illytheAstrologer,inhisBook,Enti|tuled,Monarchy,ornoMonarchyinEngland,Printedin40.1651.Having
mentionedtheDeathoftheDukeofBuckingham,writesasfollows.SinceIamupontheDeathofBuckingham,Ishall
relateatrueStoryofhisbeingadmonishedoftenoftheDeathheshouldDie,inthismanner.
Page257

AnAgedGentleman,oneParker,asInowremember,havingformerlybelongeduntotheDuke,orofgreat
acquaintancewiththeDuke'sFather,andnowretired,hadaDaemonappearedseveraltimestohim,intheshapeofSir
GeorgeVillier's,theDukesFatherthisDae|monwalk'dmanytimesinParker'sBedCham|ber,withoutanyactionof
terrour,noise,hurt,orspeechbutatlastoneNightbrokeoutintheseWordsMr.Parker,Iknowyoulovedmeformerly,
andmySonGeorgeatthistimeverywellIwouldhaveyougofromme(youknowmeverywelltobehisFather,Old
SirGeorgeVilliersofLeicestershire)andtoac|quainthimwiththese,andtheseparticulars,&c.andthatheaboveall
refraintheCouncilandCom|panyofsuchandsuch,whomhethennominated,orelsehewillcometodestruction,and
thatsudden|ly.ParkerthoughaverydiscreetMan,partlyimaginedhimselfinaDreamallthistime,andbeing
unwillingtoproceeduponnobettergrounds,forboreaddressinghimselftotheDuke,forheconceivedifheshould
acquainttheDukewiththewordsofhisFather,andthemannerofhisappearancetohim(suchApparitionsbeingnot
usual)heshouldbeLaugh'dat,andthoughttodote,inregardhewasAged.SomefewNightspast,withoutfar|ther
TroubletotheOldMan,butnotverymanynightsafter,OldSirGeorgeVilliersap|peardagain,walk'dquickand
furiouslyintheRoom,seem'dAngrywithParker,andatlastsaid,Mr.Parker,IthoughtyouhadbeenmyFriendso
much,andlovedmySonGeorgesowell,thatyouwouldhaveacquaintedhimwithwhatIdesired,butIknowyouhave
notdoneitbyalltheFriendshipthateverwasbetwixtyoundme,and
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thegreatrespectyoubearmySon,IdesireyoutodeliverwhatIformerlycommandedyou,tomySon.TheOldMan
seeinghimselfthussol|licited,promisedtheDaemonhewould,butfirstargueditthus,thattheDukewasnoteasytobe
spokenwithal,andthathewouldaccounthimaVainMantocomewithsuchaMessagefromtheDeadnordidhe
conceivetheDukewouldgiveanycredittohim:towhichtheDaemonthusansweredIfhewillnotbelieveyouhave
thisDiscoursefromme,tellhimofsuchaSecret(andnamedit)whichheknowsnoneintheWorldeverknewbutmy
selfandhim.Mr.Parkerbeingnowwellsatisfiedthathewasnotasleep,andthattheApparitionwasnotavain
Delusion,tookafitoportunity,andse|riouslyacquaintedtheDukewithhisFather'swords,andthemannerofhis
Apparition.TheDukeheartilyLaughtattheRelation,whichputoldParkertoastand,butatlastheassumedCourage,
andtoldtheDuke,thatheacquaintedhisFathersGhost,withwhathefoundnowtobetrue,vizScornandDerisionbut
myLord,sayshe,yourFatherbidmeacquaintyoubythistoken,andhesaiditwassuchasnoneintheWorldbutyour
selvesdidyetknowhereattheDukewasamazed,andmuchastonished,buttooknowarning,ornoticethereof,keeping
thesameCompanystill,advisingwithsuchCounsel|lors,andperformingsuchActions,ashisFa|therbyParker
countermanded.Shortlyafter,OldSirGeorgeVilliers,inaveryquiet,butsor|rowfulPosture,appearsagaintoParker,
andsaid,Mr.Parker,Iknowyoudeliver'dmywordstoGeorgemySon,Ithankyouforsodoing,hightedthem,andnow
Ionlyrequestthismore
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atyourhands,thatonceagainyourepairtomySon,andtellhim,thatifhewillnotamend,andfollowtheCounselI
havegivenhim,thisKnifeorDagger(andwiththathepull'daKnifeorDaggerfromunderhisGown)shallendhim
anddoyouMr.ParkersetyourHouseinorder,foryoushalldieatsuchatime.Mr.Parkeroncemoreen|gaged,though
veryunwillingly,toacquainttheDukewiththislastMessage,andsodid,buttheDukedesir'dhimtotroublehimno
fartherwithsuchMessagesandDreams,andtoldhimheperceivedhewasnowanOldManandDotedandwithina
Monthaftermeet|ingMr.ParkeronLambethBridgesaid,NowMr.ParkerwhatsayyouofyourDream?whoonly
return'd,SirIwishitmayneverhaveSuc|cess,&c.butwithinsixWeeksafter,hewasStab'dwithaKnife,accordingto
hisFathersAdmonitionbeforehand,andMr.ParkerDiedsoonafterhehadseentheDreamorVisionperform'd.
ThisRelationisInsertedalsointheLordClarendon'sHistory,andinSirRichardBaker'sChronicle.TheLord
Clarendon,inhisHistory,Vol.I.L.1.havinggivensomeRelations,says,hatamongstotherstherewasone(meaning
thisofPaker)whichwasuponabetterfoun|dationofCredit,thanusuallysuchDiscoursesarefoundedupon.Andhe
tellsus,thatParkerwasanOfficerintheKingsWardrobeinWind|sorCastle,ofagoodreputationforhonestyand
discretion,andthenabouttheAgeofFiftyYears,ormore.ThisManhadinhisYouthbeenbredinaSchool,inthe
ParishwhereSirGeorgeVilliers,theFatheroftheDukeliv'dandhadbeenmuchcherishedandobli|gedinthatSeason
ofhisAge,bythesaid
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SirGeorge,whomafterwardsheneversaw.AboutSixMonthsbeforethemiserableendoftheDukeofBuckingham,
theApparitionwasseenafterthethirdappearancehemadeaJourneytoLondon,wheretheCourtthenwashewas
verywellknowntoSirRalphFreeman,oneoftheMastersofRequests,whohadMar|riedaLady,thatwasnearallied
totheDuke,andwashimselfwellreceivedbyhim.HeInformedtheDukewiththeReputationandHonestyoftheMan,
andSirRalphFreemancarry'dtheMan,thenextMorning,byFiveaClocktoLambeth,accordingtotheDuke's
appointment,andtherepresentedhimtotheDuke,whoreceivedhimCourteouslyathisLanding,andwalkedin
conferencenearanHourwithhimandSirRalph's,andtheDuke'sSer|vantsatsuchadistance,thattheyheardnota
wordbutSirRalphalwaysfixthisEyesontheDuke,whosometimesspokewithgreatcommotionanddisorderand
thattheMantoldSirRalphintheirreturnovertheWater,thatwhenhementionedthoseparticularsthatweretogain
himcredit,theDuke'scolourchanged,andheSworehecouldcometothatKnowledgeonlybytheDevilforthatthose
particularswereknownonlytohimself,andtoonePersonmore,whohewassurewouldneverspeakofthem.Sofar
theLordClaren|don.AndIthinkDr.Bekker'sHypothesiswillhardlyclearthismatter.
IshallonlyaddhereasmallrelationofathingthathappenedtomyselfAboutSixYearssince,aGentleman,whomI
hadneverseen,norheardofbefore,cametomyLodg|ig(whichwastheninFetterlane)aboutSixoftheClockinthe
Morning,itbeing
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Summertime,hefoundaServantoftheHouse,andaskedhimwhetherIwerestir|ring,andfindingnot,hedesiredthe
Servanttogotome,andacquaintmeofhisbeingthere,andthathedesired,ifitmightnotbetroublesome,hemightbe
admittedtomyBedsideIadmitteditanduponhiscomingtome,hetoldmehewasdirectedtomebyaLady,a
Relationofmine,whomhehadmetatHamstead,hehavingadesiretodis|coursewithmeconcerninganAffairin
whichheunderstoodIhadsomeknowledge:AftersomediscoursewasoverIaskedhimhisName,whichhetoldme
thenIaskedhimwhereheLived,hereplyed,inCaneWoodwhereuponIwassomewhatsurpri|zedforthatvery
Morning,atThreeoftheClock,IwasawakedoutofmySleepbyaloudVoice,saying,Cane,Cane,Canenow
whethertheintentnessoftheGentlemansThoughtofcomingtome,wroughtthisuponmyMind,orhowelseitcameto
pass,mayrequireconsideration.
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CHAP.X.WhatperceptionMenhavehadofGenii,orSpirits,andtheirOperationsbyMagicalPractices.

THELearnedLudovicusCapelluswritaBook,Entituled,TheHingeofFaithandReligion,whichwasPublishedin
English,An.1660.IntheTenthChapterofthatBook,hedrawsareasontoproveaDeityfromWizards,Magicians,
Inchanters,andfromalltheHeathenIdolatry,andSuperstitionwherehewritesthus:
It'sacertainthing,whichtheexperienceofourdays,andthatofallAgesdoesaverr,whichthemonumentsofHistories,
bothAnci|entandModernconfirm,andwhichtheWritings,aswellofHeathens,asofChristi|anscertifiethatthereare
andhavebeenatalltimesintheWorld,Witches,Magicians,Diviners,Inchanters,andsuchlikenotoriouswicked
People,thathaveafamiliarCommu|nication,andafrequentCommercewithDe|vilsbywhosehelpandpowertheydo
manystrangeandprodigiousthings,aboveandbe|yondallhumaneWisdomallwhichconse|quentlyinfers,thatthese
thingsproceedfromasupernaturalandimmaterialcause,suchasDaemonsare.
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TheLawsmadeandpromulgatedinallwellgovernedStatesandCommonwealths,aswellthatoftheJewsbyMoses,as
thatoftheChristians,andoftheHeathensthemselves,doevidencethistous.TheExecutionsandSuppliceswhich
JusticefrequentlyinflictsonsuchPersonstheProcesses,theRelationsandInformationsthataremadeaboutthem,do
assureusofthis,andleavenodoubtofit.ThedamnablecuriosityofmanyPersons,whicheverydayhaverecourseto
suchasthey,toknow,see,anddoallthosethingsthatcannotbedonebyanyothermeans,doesalsoconfirmthis.The
WritingsoftheHeathens,aswellGreeksasRomans,arefullofInstancesofsuchPersons,andoftheireffects,which
arestupendiousandwonderful:sothataManmustwhollyrenouncehisReason,andbelievenothingofthosethings
thataredone,ifhewillnotalsobelievethattherearesuchPer|sonswhichistrueandmanifestbyallthosekindsof
Testimonies,andMonuments,whichmayinduceustobelieveanything.

Now,ifthereareanyWitches,Inchanters,&c.itnecessarilyfollowsthatthereareDae|mons,bywhosehelpandpower,
theycausetheseprodigiouseffectstocometopass,whichMenwonderat,andlookuponwithhorrourandamazement
itbeingnotpossiblethatthosethingsshouldbedonebyanyhumanePower.TheHistoriesthereforeandWritingsofall
Nations,andevenoftheHeathensthemselves,arefullofexamplesoftheDevilsApparitions,andoftheirstrange
effects.Now,hesays,iftherewareanyDaemons(asitcan|notbedenied)itfollowsthatthereisaDeityabovethem,
whichsorestrainsthem,thatthey
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shallnotoverthrowallthingsbytheirmightfortheyhavestrengthandmaliceenoughtodoit.
Headdsbeneath.ThepublickprofessionofMagicalArts,whichhasbeensometimeto|leratedinsomeofthemost
famousUniversitiesofChristendomthecommondistinctionofblackandwhiteMagick,whichhasbeenin|ventedby
someexcellentPhilosophersoftheSectsofPlatoandPythagoras,whowouldhavefoundawaybywhichtheymight
havesub|jectedthegoodDaemonstothem,andrecon|cilethemtothemselves,andwhichhasfromthempasttothe
JewishCabalists,andfromthemtotheChristians,areaninvincibleArgu|ment,thatthereareMagiciansandDaemons:
ThecertainandaverredRelationsoftheNor|thernCountries,andofboththeIndies,dotestify,thatallthosedoswarm
withthem,andthatthereisscarceonewhichhasnothisDaemon,andFamiliarSpirit.SofarCapellus.
TogivesomeaccountnowoftheMagickandcommunionwithSpirits,practisedintheNorthernCountries.Shefferus,
ProfessorofLawatUpsalinSweden,haswritanHistoryofLap|land,whichwasPrintedinEnglishatOxford,An.
1674.andinhisEleventhChapter,whichisconcerningtheMagicalCeremoniesoftheLaplanders,hewritesas
follows.
IthasbeenthereceivedOpinionamongallthathaveknowntheNameoftheLaplanders,thattheyareaPeople
addictedtoMagick.ThisJudgmentofHistoriansconcerningtheLaplanders,isnolessverifiedoftheBiarmi,their
Predecessors,sothatwemayjustlysup|posebothofthemtohavedescendedfromthesameoriginalfortheBiarmi
weresoexpert
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intheseArts,thattheycouldeitherbytheirLooks,Words,orsomeotherwickedArtifice,soensnareandbewitchMen,
astode|privethemoftheuseofLimbsandReason,andveryoftentobringthemintoextreamdangeroftheirLives:but
thoughintheselattertimestheydonotsofrequentlypracticethis,anddarenotprofessitsopublicklyasbefore,yet
therearestillmanythatgivethemselveswhollytothisStudy:foreveryonethinksitthesurestwaytodefendhimself
fromtheinjuriesandmaliciousdesignsofothers.Andtheycommonlyprofessthattheirknowledgeofthesethingsis
absolutelyneces|saryfortheirownSecurityuponwhichac|counttheyhaveTeachersandProfessorsinthisScience

andParentsintheirlastWillsbe|queathtotheirChildren,asthegreatestpartoftheirEstate,thoseSpiritsandDevils,
thathavebeenanywayserviceabletothem,intheirlifetime.AndSturlsoniusgivesanac|countofthemostFamous
LaplandersofthatProfession:andthoughsomearriveatagrea|terknowledgeinthisProfession,andaremoreable
Masterstoteachitthanothers,yetit'sveryseldombuttheParentsthemselvesaresolearned,astoperformtheduty,
andsavetheexpencesofaTutor.AccordingtoanaptnessofdispositioninLearning,somearriveatagreaterperfection
inthisArt,thanothers,whomaybeexcellentlyqualifiedforotherImployments.
AstotheirbequeathingtheirFamiliarstotheirChildren,theysupposeittheonlymeanstoraisetheirFamily:Sothat
theyexceloneanotherinthisArt,accordingtothelargenessoftheLega|ciestheyreceive.ThuseachHousehasits
pe|culiar
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Spirits,andofdifferentandquitecon|trarynaturesfromthoseofothers.AndnotonlyeachdistinctFamily,butsingle
PersonsinthemalsohavetheirpeculiarSpirits,some|timesone,two,ormore,accordingastheyintendtostandonthe
defensivepart,oraremaliciouslyinclined,anddesigntobeupontheoffensive:butthereisasetnumberofob|sequious
Spirits,beyondwhichnoonehasandsomeofthesewillnotengagethemselves,withoutgreatsollicitationandearnest
entrea|ties,whenothersreadilyprofferthemselvestolittleChildren,whentheyfindthemfitfortheirturnSothat
diversoftheInhabitantsarealmostnaturallyMagicians:forwhentheDeviltakesalikingtoanyPersoninhisIn|fancy,
asafitInstrumentforhisdesigns,hepresentlyseizesonhimwithaDisease,inwhichhehauntshimwithseveral
Apparitionsfromwhence,accordingtothecapacityofhisYearsandUnderstanding,helearnswhatbelongstotheArt.
Thosewhicharetakenthusasecondtime,seemoreVisions,andgaingreaterknowledge.Iftheyareseizedathirdtime,
whichisseldomwithoutgreattorment,orutmostdangeroftheirLife,theDevilappearstotheminallhisshapes,by
whichtheyarrivetotheveryperfectionofthisArtandbecomesoknowing,thatwith|outtheDrum,theycanseethings
atgreatdistances,andaresopossestbytheDevil,thattheyseethemevenagainsttheirwill:Forin|stance,notlong
sinceacertainLap,whoisyetalive,uponmycomplainingagainsthimforhisDrum,broughtittome,andconfestwith
Tears,thatthoughheshouldpartwithit,andnotmakehimanother,heshouldhave
Page257
thesameVisionshehadformerly:andheinstancedinmyself,givingmeatrueandparticularrelationofwhateverhad
happenedtomeinmyJourneytoLaplandandhefar|thercomplained,thatheknewnothowtomakeuseofhisEyes,
sincethingsaltogetherdistantwerepresenttohim.
AsfortheirMagickArt,it'saccordingtothediversityofInstrumentstheymakeuseofinit,dividedintotwoPartsone
comprehendsallthattowhichtheirDrumbelongs,theotherthosethingstowhichKnots,Darts,Spells,Con|jurations,
andthelike,refer.ConcerningtheirDrum,it'smadeofanhollowPieceofWood,andmustbeeitherofPine,Firre,or

Birchtree,whichgrowsinsuchaparticularplace,andturnsdirectlyaccordingtotheSunsCoursewhichis,whenthe
grainoftheWood,tur|ningfromthebottomtothetopoftheTree,windsitselffromtherighthandtotheleftfromthis
perhapstheybelievetheTreeveryacceptabletotheSun,whichundertheImageofThortheyWorship,withall
imaginableA|doration.ThePieceofWoodtheymakeitofistheRootcleftasunder,andmadehollowononeside,upon
whichtheystretchaSkintheothersidebeingconvex,isthelowerPart,inwhichtheymaketwoHoles,wheretheyput
theirFingerstoholdit.TheshapeoftheuppersideisOval,andinDiameterabouthalfanEll.It'slikeaKettledrum,
butnotalto|gethersoround,norsohollow,andtheSkinisfasten'dwithWoodenPegssomearesewedwiththeSinews
ofRainDear.TheyPaintupontheSkinseveralPicturesinred,stain'dwiththeBarkofanAldertree.Asforthe
particularPicturesoftheseDrums,Irefer
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youtotheAuthor.TheyputaBunchofBrassRingsontheDrum,whentheybeatthem.SeveraloftheDrumshavenot
thesamePicturesuponthem.TheyhavethePicturesofseveralAnimalsontheirDrums,tosignifiewhen,andinwhat
placetheymayfindthem.IfaRainDearbelost,howtheymaygethimagain?whethertheRainDearsYoungones
willlive?whethertheirFishingwillbesuc|cessful?ifSickMenwillrecover,ornot?whetherWomengreatwithChild,
shallhaveasafedelivery?orsuch,orsuchaManshalldieofsuchaDistemper,orofwhatother?andotherthingsof
thelikeNature,whichtheyaredesiroustoknow.HesayshecangivenoAccountoftheReasonfortheDiffe|rencein
theirDrums,unlessitbethatsomeofthem,aremadeformoremaliciousDesignsothersagainforeachMan'sprivate
Purpose:OnthisAccounthebelieves,accordingtotheNatureoftheBusinesstheyintend,theyadd,andblotout,and
sometimeswhollychangetheFigures.
Therearetwothingsrequir'dtofitaDrumforuse,anIndex,andanHammer.Thefirstshews,amongthePicturesthat
thingtheyen|quireafter,withtheHammertheybeattheDrum.TheIndexisthebunchofBrassRingsbeforemention'd.
TheyfirstplaceonegreatRingupontheDrum,thentheyhangseveralsmallonesuponthattheshapeoftheIndex,is
ve|rydifferent,hehadoneofCopper,ofthebig|nessofaDollar,withasquareholeinthemid|dle,andseveralsmall
ChainshangingaboutitinsteadofRings.AnotherhasanAlchimy|ring,onwhichasmallroundplateofCopperishang
bylittleChainshehadseenanotherof
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Bone,inshapeoftheGreek,withringsaboveit,andothersofaquitedifferentmake.Ashehasgiv'nhereCuttsof
severalDrums,sohehasoftheIndexes,andRingssomeWriterscallthoseRingsSerpents,orBrazenFrogsandToads,
notthattheyresemblethem,butbecausebythemtheysignifietheseCreatures,whosePi|cturestheyoftenmakeuseof
intheirConju|ring,assupposingthemverygratefulandac|ceptabletotheDevil.TheymaketheIndexindifferentlyof
anysortofMetal.TheHammertheyuseinraisingtheirFami|liars,asfortheHeadofit,it'smadeofRainDearsHorn
theotherpartservesfortheHandle:andhehasgivenustwoCutsoftheHammers,withthisHammertheybeatthe

Drum,notsomuchtomakeanoise,asbydrummingtomovethering,lyingontheSkin,soastopassoverthePictures,
andshewwhattheyseekafter.ThisistheDescriptionoftheDrumwithallitsNecessaries,asit'sus'dbythe
Laplanders,thatareSubjecttoSweden.TheFinlapsalso,thatareundertheCrownofDen|mark,makeuseofDrums,
thoughsomewhatdifferentintheirmakefromtheformerhowever,heconceivesthemnotofadifferentkind,butmade
forsomeparticularuses.TheLaplandersusetheirDrumsfordiversDesigns,andareofOpinion,thatwhateverthey
do,isdonebythehelpofitandthereforetheykeepitverychoiclywiththeIndexandHam|mer.
TherearethreeverystrangethingswhichtheybelievetheycaneffectbytheirDrum,andthesebelongingeithertotheir
Hunting,theirSacredAffairs,orlastly,theirenquiringintothingsfardistanthefindsfourthingschiefly
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mention'dbyanotherWriterthefirsttheknowingtheStateofAffairsinForeignCoun|triesthesecondwhatsuccess
theirDesignsinHandwillmeetwiththethird,howtoCureDiseasesthefourth,whatSacrificestheirGodswillbe
pleas'dtoaccept,andwhatBeasteachGoddesires,ordislikesmost.TheAr|tiststhatbeattheDrums,beatnot
altogetherinthesameplace,butroundabouttheIndextheybeatsoftlyatfirst,presentlyquicker,andcontinuethistill
theyhaveeffectedtheirin|tent.TheDrummerfirstliftsuptheDrumbydegrees,thenbeatssoftlyabouttheIndextillit
beginstostir,andwhenit'sremov'dsomedi|stancefromitsfirstplacetoeitherside,hestrikeshardertilltheIndex
PointatsomethingfromwhencehemayCollectwhathelook'dfor,boththeDrummer,andthosepresentareupontheir
Knees.ThosewhodesiretoknowtheConditionoftheirFriends,orAffairsa|broad,whether500or1000Milesdistant,
gotosomeLaplander,orFinlanderSkilfulinthisArt,andpresenthimwithaLinnenGarment,orPieceofSilver,as
hisreward.Anexam|pleofthisNatureistobeseenuponRecordatBergen,inNorway,wheretheeffectsofthe
GermanMastersareregistred.
InthisplaceoneJohnDelling,aFactortoaGerman,enquiredofaFinlapperofNorway,abouthisMasterinGermany:
theFinlapperreadilyassentedtotellhimlikeaDrunkenMan,hepresentlymadeabawling,thenreel|inganddancing
aboutseveraltimesinaCircle,fellatlastupontheGround,lyingthereforsometime,asifhewereDead,thenstarting
uponasudden,relatedtohimallthingsconcerninghisMasterwhichwere
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afterwardsfoundtoagreetowhathereported.ALaplanderalso,asSchefferuswrites,gaveTornaeusanAccountofthe
journeyhefirstmadetoLapland,thoughheneverhadseenhimbeforethattimewhichthoughitweretrue,Tornaeus
dissembledtohim,lesthemightglorytoomuchinhisdevilishPractices.Schef|ferussays,theAuthorityofthisManis
socon|siderable,thatitmaygiveCreditenoughtotheStory.

AstotheMethodtakeninmakingtheseDis|coveries,itsverydifferent,*OlausMagnusdescribesitthustheDrummer
goesintosomeprivateRoom,accompanyedbyonesinglePerson,besidehisWife,andbeatingtheDrum,movesthe
Indexabout,mutteringatthesametimeseveralCharmsthenpresentlyhefallsintoanExtasy,andlies,forashorttime,
asDeadmeanwhilehisCompanytakesgreatCarethatnoGnat,Fly,orotherAnimaltouchhimforhisSouliscarryed
bysomee|vilGeniusintoaForeignCountry,fromwhichitisbroughtbackwithsomesign,asaKnife,orRing,asa
tokenofhisKnowledgeofwhatisdoneinthosePartsafterthis,risingup,here|latesalltheCircumstancesbelonging
totheBu|sinessthatwasenquiredafter.PetrusClaudiusmakesnomentioneitheroftheDrum,Charms,Company,or
thosethingshebringswithhimbuthesays,hecastshimselfontheGround,growsBlackinhisFace,lyingasifDead
foranHour,ortwo,accordingastheDistanceoftheplaceis,ofwhichhemakesenquirywhenheawakes,hegivesa
fullAccountofallAf|fairsthere.SamuelRheen,inhisHistory,says,TheDrummersingsaSong,call'dbythemJoiike,
andtheMenandWomenthatarepre|sent,
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singlikewise,someinhigher,someinlowerNotes,thistheycallDuura.AsfortheircastingthemselontheGroundina
TranceandwhatsabysomeoftheirSoulspartingfromtheirBodies,Schefferusbe|lieves,theDevilonlythenstifles
theFacultiesoftheSoulforatime,andhinderstheirOpe|rations.AstheDrummerfallsdown,helaystheDrum,as
nearaspossibleonhisHead.Thoseinthemeantime,thatarepresentleavenotoffsingingallthewhileheliessweating
inhisAgonywhichtheydonotonlytoputhiminMind,whenheawakesoftheBusinesshewastoknowbutalsothat
hemightrecoveroutofhisTrance,whichhewouldneverdo,astheyimagine,iftheyeitherceas'dsinging,oranyone
stirr'dwiththeirHandorFoot:Andthisperhaps,isthereason,whytheysuffernoFly,noranylivingCreaturetotouch
him,andwatchhimsodiligently.It'sun|certainhowlongtheymaylieintheirTrance,butit'scommonlyaccordingas
theplacewheretheymaketheirdiscoveryisnearer,orfartherofbutthetimeneverexceeds24Hours,lettheplacebe
atneversofaraDi|stance.AsfortheirfartherPracticewiththeDrum,IreferyoutotheBookitself.
ConcerningtheirotherPartsofMagick,thefirstisaCordtyedwithKnotsforraisingofWind.Schefferussays,he
thinksitnotatallprobable,thattheLaplandersshouldbeconcernedinthisPractice,sincetheyliveinanInland
Country,BorderingnowhereupontheSea,whereforethisproperlybelongstotheFinlappersofNor|wayandthose
thatareskilledinthisArthavecommandchieflyovertheWindsthnblewattheirBirthnow,hesays,asthisbe|longs
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chieflytotheFinlappers,andFinlandersofNorway,sodoesthestoppingoftheCourseofShips,whichisaltogetherof
thesameNature.
SomewhatrelatingtothisIfindinNicolausHemmingius,whoinhisTractdeSuperstitionibusMagicis,printedat
Copenhaguen,An.1575.tellsus,ThatPetrusPalladius,sometimeBishopofSeelandt,andProfessorofDivinityat

Cp|haguen,couldfromaPartofhisBodyaffected,foretelfromwhatPartoftheHeavensTempestswouldcome,and
wasseldomdeceiv'd.
Next,hecomestotheirMagicalDarts,whichtheymakeofLead,inlengthaboutaFingerbythesetheyExecutetheir
RevengeontheirEnemies,andWoundthemwithCancerousSwellings,eitherintheArmsorLegs,whichbythe
extremityofitsPain,killstheminthreeDaystimetheyshoottheseDartstowhatdistancetheyplease,andseldom
misstheirAim.Schefferusthinks,thatbothOlausMagnus,whowritesthis,andZeiglerfromwhomhetranscrib'dit,as
hehasmanyotherthings,aremistaken,insettingdownLeadenDarts,sincehefindsnoPersonnowthatknowsany
suchthing,noristhereanymentionmadeofsuchinanyotherWriters:hethinksthemistakemaybe,by
misunderstandingthewordSkot,whichiscommonlyus'dforexplain|ingthoseDartsforwhenMan,orBeastis
suddenlytakenwithaDisease,Peoplecallthisthattakesthemso,Skot,thatisaDart.PetrusClaudiuscallsitaGan,
whichtheysendabroadhelikensittoaFlye,butsaysitssomelittleDevil,ofwhichtheFinlandersinNorway,that
excelmostinthisArt,keepgreatNum|bersinaLeatherBag,anddispatchdailysomeofthemabroadbutheseemsto
intimateno
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morebythiswordGan,thanthatverythingwhichendangersMensHealthandLivesforhesays,Thatthese
Finlanderscannotlivepeace|ably,excepttheyletoutoftheirGaneska,orGankiid,whichistheSatchel,everyDay
oneoftheGans,thatisaFlyorDevilbutiftheGancanfindnoMantoDestroy,aftertheyhavesenthimout,which
theyseldomdoup|onnoAccountatall,thenheRovesaboutataventure,anddestroysthefirstthinghemeetswith.
ThereforethiswordGansignifiesnomorethanwhatZeiglermeantbyhisDart,forthetermbywhichtheyexpress
goingout,is,deSkiudadevisGan,thatis,he,asitwere,shootsouthisGan,likeanArrow,forSkiudaisonlyproperto
theshootingoutofanAr|row.
ThisMagicalPractice,theyuseaswella|gainstoneanother,asStrangersnay,some|timesagainstthosethattheyknow
areEqualsintheArt.SomeoftheConjurersarecon|tentedonlywiththepowertoexpeltheGanoutofMen,orBeasts,
whichotherssendthisisremarkableamongthem,thattheycanhurtnoManwiththeirGan,excepttheyfirstknowhis
ParentsName.
Now,allthattheFinlanders,andFinlappersofNorwayeffectbytheirGan,theLaplandersdobyathingtheycallTyre.
ThisTyreisaroundBall,aboutthebignessofaWallNut,orsmallApple,madeofthefinestHairofaBeast,orelseof
Moss,verysmooth,andsolight,thatitseemshollowitsColourisamixtureofYellow,Green,andAsh,butsothatthe
Yellowappearsmost.ThisTyretheysayisquicken'd,andmovedbyaparticularArt.ItssoldbytheLaplanders,sothat
he
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thatbuysitmayhurtwhomhepleaseswithit,theyperswadethemselvesandothers,thatbytheTyretheycansend
eitherSerpents,Toads,Mice,orwhattheypleaseintoanyMan,tomakehisTormentthegreater.ItgoeslikeaWhirl
wind,andasswiftasanArrow,anddestroysthefirstMan,orBeast,thatitlightson,butsothatitoftenmistakesof
thesewehavetwomanyInstancesatthistime,whicharetoolongtoinserthere.SofarSchefferus.
TherearetwothingsIshallnoteinrefe|rencetothisAccountofSchefferus.1.AsforParentsbequeathingtotheir
ChildrentheirSpiritsattheirDeaths,wefindintheTrylsofWitchesinEngland,thatthesamehasbeenpra|ctis'dhere,
andthatsomehavehadSpiritsgi|venthembytheirParents,othersbyotherRelations,andotherFriends,besidethose
whichOriginallycametothemselves.
2.AsforSchefferus'sparticularOpinion,ThattheLaplandersdidnotreallysendDartstothosetheyhadaMindto
destroy,IcannoteasilyagreeinOpinionwithhimforyoufindbeforeinMr.Mather'sAccountoftheIndiansin
Martha'sVineyard,inNewEngland,thattheIndianPawawswerewonttoformapieceofLeatherlikeanArrow's
Head,andthentotyeanHairtoit,andoverthesetousesomeMagicalCeremonies,whereupontheDaemonpresently
snatch'dthemaway,andcon|vey'dthemintotheBodiesofPersonstobeafflicted:andastheLaplanderssendtheir
Gans,orFliestodestroyPersons,soMr.Mathersays,sometimestheDaemonpretendstothePawaws,thathebringsa
PortionoftheSpiritofaPer|soncloselyimprison'dinaFly,andastheydealwiththeFly,soitfareswiththeBodyof
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thePersontheyintendtoAfflict.TheDrumsalsous'dbytheLaplanders,areus'dbytheWestIndians,sothatthereisa
strangeAgreementintheirMagicalPractices,asIshallsetforthbeneath.
*TheLearnedOlausRudbeck,intheSecondVolumeofhisAtlantica,treatsconcerningtheLaplandDrums,theHeads

ofwhichhesays,aredividedintothreeParts,theuppermostRegioncontainstheHeavens,andallCelesti|althings,and
allVolatilesthemiddleRegi|oncontainstheEarth,withMenandallAnimalsthelowermostRegioncontainsall
InfernalsandSubteraneousPlaces:andthenhegivesaparticularExplicationofalltheFi|gures,orMarksonthe
Tympanaandsays,iftheLaplanderswouldknowwhether,whentheygoahunting,theyshallhavesuccess,theybeat
theirDrumwithThorsHammer,anddiligentlyobserveacertainRingleapingontheDrum,whichiftheyseetoreston
theI|mageofaRanger,theynowaydoubtbuttheyshallkillaRangerthatDay,ifitrestsontheFigureofaWolf,they
concludetheyshallhaveaWolffortheirPrey.Herefersusforotherthings,relatingtotheuseoftheLaplandDrums,to
Schefferus'sLapponia,OlausMagnus,andothershowever,IshallgiveyouherewhatseemstobeOlausRudbeck's
Sense,concerningwhatmaybeexpectedfromtheSuperstitioususeoftheLaplandDrums,insertedbyhimintheFifth
ChapterofthesaidBook,p.283.itisasfollows.SincetheDoctrineofChristcametoLapland,Mencouldnotbut
forgetmanythingsrelatingtoSuperstition,andcastoffothers,oratleast,beatanuncertaintyinthemwhether
there|fore

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theLaplandersthemselvesarenowIgno|rantofthetruemakeofthemostAncientDrums,orwhethertheverydiffering
fittingoftheDrumsdeprivesthemoftheKnowledgeofathingsoextreamlyvain,theynowsufferthemselveswith
extreamdifficultytobedrawntomakeknowntheirSuperstitiontoothersperhapsalsoshame,orfeardeterssome.To
passbythat,thechiefArcanumofSuperstitionwillnotbeRevealedbeitasitmay,youshallnowhardlyfindanyMan,
whoknowsrightlyhowtomanagethisDrum,ortoex|plainittoothersandthosewhothinktheyknowsomewhatof
thiskind,eithersoobsti|natelyconcealit,orsodissembletheirskill,thatthoseLabourinamannerinvain,whowith
a|nyGifts,howgreatsoever,orhighdrinking(whichiswonttogoagreatwaywiththemotherwise)endeavourtobreak
orConquerthatsilencebutamongGifts(ifanyManwillpurchasethisArtofthem)theLaplandersareearnestLovers
ofImperialRixDollars.
IntheSixthChapterofhissaidSecondVo|lume,hetellsusofwonderfulPerformances,saidtohavebeenwroughtby
themeansoftheirScipioRunicus,orRunstaffe(byuscall'dtheRunickAlmanack,ofwhichtherearemanyinEngland)
beinganointedwithacertainMagi|calOintment,viz.ofMensflyingintheAironit,andthelikeandsaysamore
con|stantFameofnothinghasremain'dintheirCountry,fromtheremotesttimesofPaganism,thanofsuchflightsin
theAirandthatno|thingismorereadilybelieved,thanthatthepresentLaplanders,whocontinuestillinPa|ganism,
usethesamekindofflightsnowandthatbesideRunstaff'sSticks,Pales,Calves,
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Horses,Dogs,andotherlivingCreaturesa|nointedwiththesamekindofOintment,werethoughttobeabletocarry
theirRiderstoPlacesdesign'dandthesethingswerewonttobeascrib'dtoDiana,orDisaasthefirstIn|ventressof
them.
Heheretellsusalso,ThattheTympanumoftheMotheroftheGods,somuchcelebratedbytheGreeksandLatine
Writers,thoughex|plain'dbynoneofthem,asitought,wasno|thingbutaCopyoftheLaplandTympanum,convey'dto
ForeignPartsbyDisa,Isis,Idaea,orDiana,whoseRingandHammerweresome|timefoundintheleftHandofthe
FigureofIsisatRome,theTympanumitselfbeingovertheHeadoftheGoddess,andtherebeingMarksunderherFeet
liketothosethatareseenintheLaplandDrums.TheEgyptianIsisalso,accordingtoaCutgiv'nofherbyPig|norius,
holdsthisRingandHammerinherleftHand.AndtheMotheroftheGods(asDuChoulhassetforth)handlesa
Tympanumandhesays,hewillmakeoutinhisChronology,thatIsistheDaughterofInachus,goingintoEgypt,alittle
beforethetimesofMoses,taughttheEgyptiansIncantations,andwithalshew'dthemthatInfamoususeofthe
HieroglyphicalMarks,withwhichArttheEgyptianMagiafterwardscontendedwithMosesbeforePharoah.Buthe
doesnotthinkthatalltheGothsweregiv'ntothoseArts,becausetheTestimoniesoftheSlds,andofSnorrohimself
freethemostVa|liantoftheGothsfromthatInfamy,thoseArtsbeingbeneaththeirValourandDignity,andseem'd
muchtoprejudicetheFameandRe|nownduetoValiantMenandthereforegreatPunishmentswasneverinflictedon
Mengiv'ntosuchArts,byMagnanimousKings.

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Imustherenote,ThatnotwithstandingallthisDiscourse,concerningThor'sHammer,anditsbeingconvey'dfrom
SwedentoforeignParts,givenusbytheLearnedRudbeck,ImustwhollyyieldtowhattheLearnedKircher,inhis
ObeliscusPamphilius,hasdelivereduscon|cerningithehastherewritaParagraph,withthisTitletoitConcerning
theTautickCha|racter,ortheCrosswithanHndletoit,(thatis,aRingannexttothetopofit)thechiefofallthe
Hierogliphicks,(thisbeingthesamewithwhatRudbeckcallsThor'sHammer.)
Kircherthere,amongothercuriousthings,tellsus,thattheEgyptians,intheCharacterT.Tau,asinaLookingGlass,
plac'dtheIdeaofthewholePantomorphousNature,bytheCircleorRing,whichtheycommonlyplaceonthetopofit,
theydenotedtheCelestialOrbs,inwhichtheSpiritoftheWorldmixesitselffirstcommunicatingitsVirtuetothem
bytheCross,thevirtueofthefourElementsontheSublunaryWorld,throughthemedia|tionoftheCelestialBodies,
fromwhichthegenerationofallthingsarisesfortheyob|servedthereweretwomotionschieflyappear|inginNature,
viz.aStrait,andaCircularonetheyrepresentedthisbyaCircle,theotherbyStraitLinesfortheElementsbeing
movedoutoftheirnaturalplaces,theyfoundbyexperience,theyreturn'dtothembutbyStraitLines,andbeneath,he
quotesthefollow|ingPassagefromFicinus'sThirdBookDevitCaelestusComparend.
TheAgyptianspreferr'dtheFigureoftheCrossbeforeallothers,becauseBodiesctbythevertuediffusedtothe
Superfi|ciesnowthefirstSuperficiesisdescribed
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bytheCross,forsoithaschieflyLon|gitudeandLatitudeandthisisthefirstFi|gure,andthestraitestofall,and
containsfourStraitAnglesnowtheeffectsoftheCelestialBodieschieflyresultfromtheRecti|tudeoftheRaysand
AnglesforthenStarsaremostpowerful,whentheyholdthefourAnglesofHeaven,viz.thePointsoftheEastand
West,andofthemidHeavenoneithersideandbeingsodisposed,theysocasttheirRaysagainsteachotherthatthey
thencemakeaCross,theAncientsthereforesaidtheCrosswasaFiguremadeofthefortitudeoftheStars,andthe
Suscepticleoftheirfortitude,andthereforeithadamightypowerinImages,andreceivedthePowersoftheSpiritsand
Planets.
*

ThesameAuthorinhisOedipusAegypt.says,TheCruxAnsata,orIsiacaisseencarriedalmostineveryImagesHand
oftheAegyptianswhichCharactertheyhadinsogreatVeneration,thattheythoughtnothingcouldberightlydone
withoutit,anditwasthemostpowerfulAmulet,andaCharactermadebyawonder|fulSubtletyofWit,accordingtothe
patternofNature,theonlyguideandlighttoshowthewaytoHappiness.

*Again,hetellsuselsewhere,ThatbytheCruxAnsata,whichconsistedofaCircleandaCross,theydenotedthe

motionofPhtha,viz.theSouloftheWorldartificiallydispo|singallthingsthatareintheWorldandbytheCircle,the
circularmotionoftheCelestialBodies,wherebyitinsomesortanimatesthem,andrendersthemaptforinfluencing
Inferi|ours:andbytheCross,orthelinescuttingeachother,theysignifythemotionwhichit
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performsintheInferiorWorld,fortheGene|rationandProductionofthings,accordingtothenatureofElementary
Bodiesforthemo|tionofSublunarythingsisaccordingtostraitLines,asitappearsinthemotionofLightandHeavy
things,andofsuchasareofamiddleNaturewhereofthosebeingcarried,someupwardssomedownwards,according
toStraitLines,theseparticipatingequallyofGravityandLevity,havinggotamiddleNature,anddiffus'd,asitwere,on
thesides,appositelyexpressthecutLinesofaCross,andtherefore,bythisonlyCharacter,forthesaidreasons,theydo
notunmeetlydenotethewholeprocessofNa|turewhereforealsotheyreputedthisCha|racter,asthemostMysterious
ofallHierogli|phicks,andthoughtthesamehadthegreatestforceofall,bothtoallureGoodGenii,andfa|cinatethe
EviloneshencecallingittheSym|bolofHealth,thegreatestSpell,theMono|gramPhthaandbyotherNames,they
haditputinallObelisks,Statues,Tables,&c.
HerewefindaprettysatisfactoryAccountoftheOriginalInstitutionofthisCharacter,whichIcannotfindinthethe
WorksoftheLearnedRudbeckandthereforeasfarasitappearstomehitherto,ImustconcludeitofanAegyptian
Original.
ToproceednowtosomefurtheraccountfromOlausRudbeck,inreferencetoMagicalPractices,inhis3d.Vol..11.he
tellsus,whenwefindanystrangeRelationinthatkind,weoughtdulytoweighwhatisreallyperform'dbytheMagick
Art,andwhatcon|tainssomeabstrusesense,andisproposedtranslatitiously,andbywayofAenigma:hesaysit'safirm
Argumentwithhimforthepra|ctice
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ofWitchcraftandHorribleMagickintheNorth,thatMencamethitheratthesametimefromGreece,Aegypt,and
Phaenicia,astoafamousAcademy,andgavethemselvesoverwhollytothestudyofthoseArts:andthatPythagoras
wasnottheonlyManthatlearnttoFlyoftheHyperboreanAbaris,butothersofthesameAge,aswefindfrom
Diogenes,inPhotius,viz.Carmanus,Cylla,Dercyllis,&c.whothinkingthemselvesinThule,onasuddenawaking,as
itwerefromaDream,foundthemselvesintheTempleofHerculesatTyre.AndtheAuthorsettingdownsomeoftheir
chiefCustoms,agreeingwithwhattheGreeksandLatinswrite,tellsus,thattheGoldenApples,raisingtheGods
themselvesfromDeathtoLife,thatis,whichsetforththeActsoftheirAncestors,encouragementstoVertue,and
determentsfromVice,areinterpretedbyhimLetterswhichwerecutonStones,orWood,orwritonParchmentand
thoseStones,Tables,ParchmentsandLaplandTympana,fromtheirOblongFigure,gotthenameofPine|apples,Apples

andEggs:andthoseLetterswhichwerewritonParchmentorMagicalTampana,weredoneoverwithaGoldColour,
drawnfromtheBarkofanAlderwhichAlderwasmuchesteemedbytheirAncestors,andisnowbytheLaplanders,
becausefromitsinwardBarkchew'dwiththeTeeth,theygetthatGoldColourwherewiththeyPaintallkindsofLetters
andFiguresontheirTympana.AndasforitsbeingsaidthatsomedescendedintoHell,beingcarriedonAlderSticks,it's
onthisaccount,thatintheirDivinationstheyusedsuchSticks,intheBarksofwhich,LettersandCircleswereCut,
compassingaboutthe
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Stick,likethevariousspiresofSerpents.AsfortheGodtheycalluponintheirDivinati|ons,hesaysitsSaturn,andhis
WorshippersusingtheDrums,arecalledSaturnines.There|forehethatbythehelpoftheDrum,wouldseekCounselof
theGods,takesinoneHandaGoldenApple,intheotheranHammer,madelikeaCross,ofAlderorHorn,andhasalso
aSerpentmadeofCopper,andnotmuchdif|feringfromGoldinColour,whichuponthebeatoftheHammer,onthe
HeadoftheDrum,leapsinandout,tillitsettlesonsomeLetterorFigure,shewingthattobeit,fromwhencethe
Answerisgivenmoreover,theSaturnineuponbeatingtheDrumawhile,fellintoaTrance,astho'hewereDead,and
theLap|landers,bymistake,thenthoughttheSoulwentoutoftheBody,andafterhavinglearntmanythings,return'd
againwhereastheirAncestors,withPlutarch,thoughttheSouldidnotgooutoftheBody,butyieldedforsometime,
andgavealoosetotheGenius,whichhavingrov'dabout,tolditinwardlymanythings,whichithadseenandheard
without.Now,thethingstheydesiretoseeareofvariouskinds,eithertheSouloftheDead,ortheActionsofMenata
greatdi|stance,orpast,orfuturethingsandhegivesinstancesofsomeeminentPersons,whocamefromother
Countriestotheirs,toseetheGhostsoftheirAncestors,raisedafterthismanner,andPlatoownsthatalltheTradition
concerningtheElisianFieldsandHell,owesitsrisetotheirNorth,whichbeingcutonaTableofBrasswascarriedby
OpsfromtheHy|prbreanstoDelos,belongingtotheGreeks.
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InhisTenthChapterofhissaidThirdVol.speakingoftheirCumaewhichliesbeyondtheBaltick,overagainst
Phlaegra,hesays,itwasknownformerlyforHorribleMagick,andtheImpostureofWitcheswhereUlyssesandAneas
wereseduced,consultingtheoldFatetellingCumaeanSibyl,call'dtheProphetessofHell,be|causeshelivedinthe
remotestpartNorth,asitwereinaSubteraneousplacethisSibylbeingdifferentfromtheCumaneSibylinItalynay,
andheheretellsus,itistobenoted,thatwhatsoeveroftheMagickArtandNatu|ralScience,isascribedtothe
AntediluvianGiantsbySyncellusandothers,allthis,boththeGreekHistories,andthoseoftheirCountry,unanimously
ascribetotheNorth.
InhisTwelfthChapterofthesameVolume,hetellsus,thatThor,amongstotherNamesgivenhim,wascalledFluge
Guden,theGodofFlies,drivingawayMagicalFlieswithhisHammer,hebeingthesamewithBelzebub,mentionedin
theScripture.

AsfortheMagicalFlies,theywereDaemonsintheshapeofBlueFlies,whichtheFinlanderskeptinaMagicalPouch
orSatchel,theybeingcalledbythemGan,thatis,Spirits,whichtheydailysentforthfortheirMagicalpurposes,viz.to
bringthemNewsfromallpartsoftheUni|verse,andtodothingsdestructivetoMen,&c.andtheseFliesweredriven
awaybySa|crificestoThor,tho'theVictimsoffer'dbytheJewsattheTempleofHierusalemwerefreedfromFlies,by
reasonoftheJewsFaithinGod.
IthoughtfittosubjoynthisaccountfromOlausRudbeck,tothatofSchefferus,theybothrelatingtoMagicalPractices,
andgivingsomelighttoeachother.
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ImayhereacquainttheReader,thatOlausRudbeck,SontotheFamousOlaus,beforequo|ted,wasdeputed,Anno1695.
bythelateKingofSweden,CharlesXI.toTravelthroughtheNorthernProvincesofSweden,viz.Lapland,Finland,
&c.toWriteaNaturalHistoryofthem,givinganAccountofthingspeculiartothoseCountries,viz.thePlantsand
Flowers,Stones,Metals,Quadrupes,Birds,Fish,&c.andAnno1701.hePrintedaFirstPartofthisin|tendedAccount,
atUpsal,inQuarto,theGe|neralTitleoftheWorkbeing,LapponiaIllu|strataandtheparticularTitleofthisFirstPart
beingIterperUplandiam.InhisGeneralTitlePage,hesays,heshallsetforthinhisWork,theScituationofeachofthe
CountrieshethereNames,andtheGeniusoftheInhabitants,butchieflyboththeHabitofBody,andDis|positionof
MindoftheLaplanders,theirRe|ligion,Manners,Language,wayofConverse,andtheirfirstOrigin,besidetheaccount
oftheirAnnimals,Minerals,Mountains,Woods,Lakes,Rivers,Cataracts,&c.sothat,ashedesignstodividethisWork
intoseveralParts,wemayhope,inoneofthem,tohaveasac|curateanAccount,asmaybeoftheirMagicalPractices
andSuperstitions.
HavingintimatedbeforetheMagicaluseofDrums,withotherSuperstitiousPractisesintheWestIndies,Ishallgive
youherewhatMr.Wafer,inhisDescriptionoftheIsthmusofDarien,PrintedAnno1699,writesofit,whichisthus:We
enquir'doftheIndianswhentheyexpectedanyShips,whosaid,theyknewnot,butwouldenquireconcerningitand
there|uponsentforsomeoftheirPawaws,orCon|jurers,whocame,andwentintoanApart|ment
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bythemselves,stay'dforsometimeattheirExercise,andheandhisCompanionscouldhearthemmakemosthideous
Yellings,andShrieks,imitatingtheVoicesofalltheirBirdsandBeasts:WiththeirownNoisetheyjoin'dthatofseveral
Stonesstrucktogether,andofConchShells,andofasortofDrums,madeofhollowBamboes,whichtheybeatupon,
ma|kingalsoajarringNoisewithStringsfasten'dtothelargerBonesofBeastsandeverynowandthentheywould
makeadreadfulexcla|mationandclattering,allofasudden,andassuddenlymakeapause,withaprofoundsilence:
Butfinding,thatafteraconsiderabletime,noAnswerwasmadethem,theycon|cludedthat'twasbecausewewerein
theHouse,andsoturn'dusout,andwenttoworkagainbutstillfindingnoreturn,afteranHourortwomore,they

madeasearchinourApart|ment,andfindingsomeofourCloathshang|ingupinaBasketagainsttheWall,theythrew
themoutofDoorsinagreatdisdainthentheyfelloncemoretotheirPawawing,andafteralittletimetheycameout
withtheirAnswer,butallinamuckSweatsotheyfirstwentdowntotheRiver,andwash'dthem|selves,andthencame
anddeliver'dtheOracletouswhichwastothiseffect:ThatfromthetenthDay,fromthattime,therewouldarrivetwo
ShipsandthatintheMorningofthetenthDay,weshouldhear,firstoneGun,andsometimeafteranotherthatoneof
usshoulddiesoonafteratthatgoingaboardweshouldloseoneofourGunsallwhichthingsfelloutexactly,
accordingtothePre|diction.
APersonwhohasspentmanyYearsin
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Voyages,hasalsotoldme,thathehasseenDrumsus'dinAmerica,particularlyatDominico,wheretheIndiansuse
themtoPawawwith,forcausingRainorfairWeatherbutthoseDrumshavenoCharactersonthemtheybeatthem
withSticks,andhavesomelittlepieceofIronorStoneontheHeadloose,whichplayswhiletheyarebeatingtheyutter
alsomanywordsallthewhiletheyarebeating,andspeakveryloud.ThesamePersonacquaintedme,thathesawin
Norway,nearYarpin,anArtistbeataDrum,likeaLaplandDrum,withtwoSticks,andheobserv'dhisLipstomoveall
thewhilehebeatthereonaboveaquarterofanHour,tillhewasallinaSweat,andthenhefellintoaTrance,inwhich
helayabovehalfanHour,ornearthreequartersanduponhiscomingtohimself,heanswer'dtheQue|stionhadbeen
propos'dtohim.
ConcerningtheseDiabolicalExtasies,Mr.Pereaud,intheseventhChapterofhisDemonology,prefixttohis
AntidaemonofMascon,printedinFrenchatGeneva,An.1656,writesthus:TheDevilcausesWitchessometimestofall
intoExtasiesintheDaytime,causingintheirBodiesadestructionoftheirSpiritsandSenseforsometimesothata
ManwouldsaytheirSoulwereoutoftheirBody,andthenheputslivelyImpressionsofthingsintothemwhilethey
areinthisPreternatualsleep,theirSoulsbeing,asitwere,re|treatedintothemselves,andsofixt,bytheDevil,tothe
FanciesandIllusions,where|withheamusesthem,thattheyfirmlybelieve,bythisImaginationthuslivelyim|press'd,
thattheyhavedonethemselves,whattheDevilrepresentedtothembysuchIma|ginations.
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TherearemanyHistoriesoftheseDiabolicalExtasies,butIshallcontentmyselfinalledgingone,andsomuchthe
ratherbecauseithappen'dinmytime,intheCoun|tryofVauxabouttheYear1594,asIhavebeenassur'dbyvery
CrediblePersons.Therewasatthattime,andinthatplace,aBailiffofBerne,whohaving,oneDay,invitedtheMinister
ofthesaidplacetoDinner,andbe|ingatTable,theycametoaDiscourseofWitches,occasion'dbythethen
Confinementofone,asaPrisoner,intheCastleofEchalenswheretheywere,andwhichPrisonerwasal|ready
Condemn'dtoDie,fortheCrimeofWitchcraft,andwasinashorttimetobeExe|cuted,ashereallywas.ThisBailiff

spakehisMindfreelytotheMinister,hisPastor,con|cerningmanythingswhichthisWitchcon|fess'dtohavedone,and
whichhehadadiffi|cultytobelieveitpossibleforhimtodo,andhereuponbeingrisenfromTable,theBai|liffwentto
thePrison,andbroughtthePri|soner,andhavingspokentohim,amongo|therthings,concerningtheConfessionshe
hadmade,andofhisCondemnationfollow|ing,thereuponheCourteouslytoldhim,thatheshouldconsiderwell
whetherhehadnotdonehimselfinjury,inhavingconfess'dthingsthathehadnotdone,mindinghimofsomeofthose
thingsinparticularhereuponthePri|soner,whowasalreadydispos'dtodie,seri|ouslytoldhim,thatwhathehadsaid
andconfess'd,wasreallytrue,andthatforProofofthis,ifhepleas'dtopermithim,hewouldkilltheCattleofa
Neighbour,whomhenam'd,sohehadhisBox,andhisStick,whichwereathisHouse,inaplacewhichhe
Page289
nam'dhereupontheBailiff,willingtosatis|fiehisCuriosity,resolv'dtosendforthisStickandBox,resolvingalsoto
payfortheCattletowhomtheybelong'd.TheStickandBoxbeingbrought,wereputintotheWitch'sHandswhoin
thePresenceoftheBailiff,theMinister,andsomeothersperform'dalltheCeremoniesthatotherWitchesarewontto
usewiththoseInstrumentsofSatan,tillhefellasDead,attheirFeet,withoutanyMo|tionorSense,tillaboutanHour,
orthreeQuartersafter,hecametohimself,asfromDeathtoLife,orasfromamostprofoundSleepandthenbeing
ask'dbytheBailiffwhencehecame?Hesaid,hecamefromkil|lingtheCattle,whichhehadmention'dtohim,and
accordingtotheleavehehadgiv'nhimpresentlytheBailiffsenttoknowwhe|therthisweretrue,andtheCattlewere
foundreallyDead,ashehadsaid.
Mr.PereaudaddsTheQuestionis,whothenkill'dtheCattle,itcouldnotbetheWitch,hisBodycontinuedalwaysin
thePresenceoftheBailiffandotherstosaythathewentinhisSoul,separatedfromtheBody,thiscannotbe,for
Reasonswhichhegives.Itfollowsthen,itwastheDevilhimselfthatdidit,ha|vingwrought,inthemeantime,so
powerfullyontheImaginationoftheWitch,thathebe|liev'ditwasdonebyhimself.
Paracelsushasanotherwayofexplainingthesethings*whichIshallleavetotheReadersConsiderationitisas
follows,TheConstel|lationofaManmaybesogreatinitsthought,thatinaMan'ssleep,itmaysendhisSydereal
Spirittoanotherplace,withouttheaidoftheElementaryBodythatAstralBodyhasa
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PowerofinfectingwithPoison,weakning,distorting,blinding,beating,killing,andin|spiring,andthatinaMoment,
andafter|wardofreturningtoitsElementaryBody.Anditsathingverywellknown,thattheAn|cients,throughastrong
Imagination,bytheforceoftheAstralBody,attemptedandper|form'dmanythingsofthiskindagainsttheirEnemies
sothatsomeonasudden,havebeenrendredParalitical,noNaturalCauseconcurringsomedepriv'doftheirSight,
somemadeLeprous,someStrangl'd.TheseandthelikeEvilshavebeeninflicted,whichcouldscarcebecur'dagainina
verylongtime.Therefore,letthosePhysicians,whomeetwithsuchDiseasesknow,thatneithertheElements,nor

Natureitselfbreedsthem,butthattheyweretheWorksofthesoleSydereaBodyofothersandthesethingsarecaus'd
inDreams,whenthisorthatManDreamssuchathingthereforeaccordingtothisDream,judgeoftheDiseaseof
others.
Headdsbeneath.ThoughtheBody,So,andSpiritarenottogetheratthesametime,yetthethoughtandSpeculation,or
Ima|ginationremainsstillintheSpirit,where|foretheyareoftenseenwithsuchkindsofThoughts.Sincethereforethe
thoughtofaManisofsuchaNature,thereforebytheSy|derealSpiritthatthingissoexpress'd,andsignifiedbya
Dream,accordingasoneSpiritisdispos'dtoanotherbeforehebeconsumednoristhisonlyso,butalsoinMountains
andWoodyPlaces,andintheAlps,agreatNum|beroftheseSyderealSpiritshavebeensome|timesseen,whichhave
hurtCattleandotherCreatures,becausetheSyderealSpiritsofsomemaintain'danhatred,andexecuteda
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RevengeafterDeath,againstthseNeigh|bourswhoseCattletheywere.
ThefollowingRelation,concerninganad|mirablePerformanceofPersons,whocastthemselvesintoaTrance,isnoless
stranger.
Frommannus,inhisTractdeFasciationeMa|gicapart.6.c.3.quotesMioluswritingthus.Nolessadmirableisthat
JudgmentofsevenMagicians,whichIlearntatNantes,An.159.whenthereforetheyhadtookuponthemtotell,within
alittlespace,whatwasdonetenMilesround,theypresentlyfellalldownasDead,andlaysoforthreeHoursandthen
arising,theytoldwhatsoevertheyhadseendoneinthewholeTownofNantes,andintheCountryroundaboutittoa
goodDistancethePlaces,actsandMenbeingobserv'd,allwhichhingsuponenquirywerefoundtruethere|foreallof
thembeingaccus'dandfoundGuiltyofmanyMalefices,werecondemn'dtotheFire.
Purchas,inhisExtractsfromGonzaloFerdi|andoOvido,*hisSummaryandGeneralHisto|ryoftheIndis,writesthus.
BeforetheIn|habitantsofHispaniolahadreceiv'dtheChri|stianFaith,therewasamongthemaSectofMen,wholiv'd
solitarilyintheDsarts,andledtheirLifeinSilenceandAbstinence,morestrictlythanthePythagorens,abstainingin
likemannerfromallthingsthatliv'dofBlood,contentedonlywithFruits,Herbs,andRoots,whichtheDesartsafforded
themProfes|sorsofthisSectbeingcall'dPicestheyap|ply'dthemselvestotheKnowledgeofNaturalthings,andus'd
certainSecretMagicalOpe|rationsandSuperstitions,wherebytheyhadaFamiliaritywithSpirits,whichtheyallur'd
in|totheirBodiesatsuchtimeastheywouldtakeuponthemtotellofthingstocome,
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whichtheydidasfollows.WhenanyoftheKingssentforanyofthemoutoftheDesartsforthispurpose,thePiaces
comeswithtwoofhisDiscipleswaitingonhim,ofwhomonebringswithhimaVesselofaSecretWater,andtheother

alittleSilverBellwhenhecomestotheplace,hesitsdownonaroundStool,madeforhimonpurpose,oneofhis
DisciplesstandingononeHandofhim,andtheother,ontheother,inthePresenceoftheKing,andcertainofhischief
Retinue(forthecommonPeoplearenotadmittedtotheseMysteries)andturninghisFacetowardtheDesart,hebegins
hisIncantations,andcallstheSpirit,withaloudVoice,bycertainNameswhichnoManunderstandsbuthimselfand
hisDisciples.Afterhehasdonethisawhile,iftheSpiritdeferrshiscoming,hedrinksofthesaidWater,andtherewith
growsHotandFurious,andinverts,andturnshisInchant|ment,andletshimselfBloodwithaThorn,strangely
turmoilinghimself,aswereadofthefuriousSibyls,notceasingtilltheSpiritcomes,whopresentlyoverturnshim,asa
GreyhoundoverturnsaSquirilthen,forawhile,heseemstolieasthoughhewereingreatPain,orinaRapture,
wonderfullytormentinghimselfduringwhichAgony,oneofhisDisciplesshakestheSilverBellcontinuallywhenthe
Agonyisover,andheliesquiet(thoughwithoutanySenseorFeeling)theKing,orsomeotherinhisstead,asksofhim
whathedesirestoknow,andtheSpiritAnswershimbytheMouthoftheraptPiaces,withadirectandperfectAnswer
toallPoints.OnatimeacertainSpaniardbeingpresentatthoseMysterieswithoneoftheKings,and
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intheSpanishTongue,askingthePiacescon|cerningcertainShips,whichtheylook'dforoutofSpain,theSpirit
answer'dintheIndianTongue,andtoldthemwhatDayandHourtheShipdepartedfromSpain,howmanytheywere,
andwhattheybrought,withoutfailinginanyPoint.Ifhebeask'dconcerningtheEclipseoftheSunorMoon(which
theygreat|lyfearandabhor)hegivesaperfectanswer,andthelikeofTempests,Famine,Plenty,War,orPeace,and
suchotherthings.WhenallQuestionsareover,hisDisciplescallhimaloud,ringingtheSilverBellathisEar,and
blowingacertainPowderintohisNostrils,wherebyheisraisedasitwerefromaDeadsleep,beingyetsomewhat
heavyheaded,andfaintforagoodwhileafter.SincetheChristianFaithhasbeendispersedthroughthisIsland,those
DiabolicalPracticeshaveceas'd.
ThesameAuthorfromtheFifthBookofJosphusAcasta,*speakingoftheWestIndiansofMexico,writesasfollows.
WhenthePriestswenttoSacrifice,andgiveIncenseintheMountains,oronthetopsthere|of,orinanydarkand
obscureCaves,wheretheirIdolswere,theyus'dacertainOintment,doingcertainCeremonies,totakeawayfear,andto
givethemCourage.ThisUnctionwasmadewithdiverslittleVenemousBeasts,asSpiders,Scorpions,Palmers,
SalamandersandVipers.TomakeanOintmentoftheseBeasts,theytookthemaltogether,andburntthemontheHearth
oftheTemple,whichwasbe|foretheAltar,tilltheywereconsum'dtoAshesthentheyputtheminMortarswithmuch
Tobacco(whichHerbtheymuchus'dtoBenumbtheFlesh,thattheymightnotfeel
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theirTravail)withwhichtheymingletheAshes,makingthemtolosetheirforcetheylikewisemingl'dwiththese
Ashes,Scorpions,Spi|ders,andPlmers,alive,thentheyputtoitacer|tainSeedbeingground,whichtheycall'd

Ololuchui,whereoftheIndiansmakeaDrinktoseeVisionstheVertueofthisHerbbe|ingtodepriveaManofSense.
Theylike|wiseground,withtheseAshes,Black,andiryrms,whoseHaironlyisVenemousallwhichtheymingled
togetherwiththeBlack,orthefumeofRosin,andputitinsmallPots,whichtheysetbeforetheirGod,sayingitwashis
MeatandthereforetheycalleditaDivineMeat,bymeansofthisOintmenttheybecameWitches,andsaw,andspake
withtheDevil.ThePriestsbeingslubber'dwiththisOintmentlostallfear,put|tingonaSpiritofCrueltybyreason
where|oftheyveryboldlykill'dMenintheirSa|crifices,goingallaloneintheNighttotheMountains,andintoobscure
Caves,contem|ningallWildBeasts,andholdingitforcer|tain,andapprov'dthatLions,Tigers,Serpents,andother
FuriousBeasts,whichbredintheMountainsandForests,fledfromthembytheVertueofthisTobaccooftheirGod.
*

ThesameAuthortellsus,ThereisakindofSorcerersamongtheIndiansallow'dbytheKings,orngu's,whotake
uponthemwhatformandfiguretheyplease,flyingfarthroughtheAirinashorttime,beholdingallthatisdonethey
talkwiththeDevil,whoanswersthemincertainStones,orotherthingswhichtheyReverencemuchtheytellwhathas
pass'dinthefarthestPartsbeforeanyNewscancomeasithaschanc'dsincetheSpaniardsar|rived
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there,thatintheDistanceoftwoorthreeHundredLeagues,theyhaveknowntheMutinies,Battles,Rebellionsand
Deaths,bothofTyrants,andofthoseoftheKingsParty,andofprivateMen,whichhavebeenknownthesameDay
theyhappen'dortheDayafter,athingimpossiblebytheCourseofNature.ToworkthisDivinationtheyshut
themselvesin|toaHouse,andbecamedrunktilltheylosttheirSenses,aDayaftertheyanswer'dtowhatwasdemanded,
someaffirmtheyusecertainUncti|ons.TheIndianssay,theirOldWomencom|monlyusethisOfficeofWitchcraft,and
espe|ciallythoseofoneProvince,whichtheycallCoaillo,andofanotherTowntheycall'dMan|chey,andofthe
ProvinceofGutirochivi.Theylikewiseshewwhatisbecomeofthingsstolnandlostthereareofthesekindsof
SorcerersinallParts,theytelloftheSuccessofthingspass'd,ortocome,whetherVoyagesshallbeProsperous,
whetheraManshallbeSick,orshallDie,orreturnsafe,orshallob|tainthathepretendstotheygivetheirAn|swers,
yea,orno,havingfirstspokewiththeDevil,inanobscureplacesoastheEnquirershearthesoundoftheVoice,but
seenottowhomtheseConjurersspeak,neitherdotheyunderstandwhattheysay,theymakeathou|sandofCeremonies
andSacrificestothisef|fect,andgrowexceedingDrunk,fordoingwhereoftheyparticularlyuseanHerbcall'dVillea,
theJuicewhereoftheyminglewiththeirChica,ortakeitinsomeothersort.
ThesameAuthor,*fromtheJournalofWil|liamdeRubruquisaFrenchMinoriteFriar,con|cerninghisTravelsintothe
EasternpartsoftheWorld,An.1255.tellsus,Thatwhenthe
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ChamofEastTartarypurposedtodoanything,hecausedThreeShoulderBonesofRammstobebroughthimand
holdingtheminhisHands,hethoughtofthethingwhere|ofhewouldConsult,whetherhemightdoit,ornot,andthen

deliveredtheBonestobeBurntwhentheywereburntBlack,theybroughtthemtohimthenhelooktuponthem,
whethertheBones,bytheHeatoftheFire,wereCleftrightlengthways,ifsohemightdoitbutiftheBoneswere
Cracktathwart,orroundpieceswereflownoutofthem,thenhedidnotproceedforthatBoneisalwaysCleftinthe
Fire,orthethinSkinwhichoverspreadsit,andifoneofthethreewereCleftforthright,yethedidit.InMr.Jenkinson's
VoyageamongtheTartars,wemayreadofsuchDivinations.SofarPur|chas.
NowinreferencetothiswayofDivina|tion,aLadynowinLondon,hastoldmyself,thatsheknewaPersoninIreland,
whobylookingonthePlateBoneofaShoulderofMutton,itbeingofaSheepthatbelong'dtotheMasterofaFamily,
wouldpredictthewholeFateofthatFamily,andthatusuallywithsuccess,astowhoshouldfirstDie,andmanyother
Accidentsrelatingtothem.
Mr.Bedford,MinisterofTempleParishinBristol,writaFriendofhisthelastYear,astrangeRelationofan
Acquaintanceofhis,whooftenconversedwithSpirits,andtheunhappyconsequencesofit.Itisasfollows.
AboutThirteenYearssince,Iwasacquain|tedwithoneThomasJerps,aManabout20YearsofAge,wholivedwithhis
Father,atMangerfield,intheCountyGloucester,by
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TradeaBlackSmith,hewasaverygoodTemper'dMan,extreamlywellSkilledintheMathematicalStudies,which
werehiscon|stantDelight,viz.Arithmetick,Geometry,Gauging,SurveyingandAlgebra,andmuchaddictedhimselfto
Astronomyatlengthheap|pliedhimselftoAstrology,andwouldsome|timesCalculateNativities,andresolveHora|ry
Questions,&c.whichhetoldmeprov'doftentimesverytruebuthewasnotsatisfiedwithit,becausetherewasnothing
init,whichtendedtoaMathematicalDemonstration.
Havingnotseenhimforsometime,hecametomeoneDay,andwebeinginPri|vate,ask'dmeveryseriously
concerningtheLawfulnessofconversingwithSpiritsandafterIhadgivenmyThoughtsintheNega|tive,and
confirm'dthemwiththebestRea|sonsIcould,hetoldmehehadconsideredallthoseArguments,andbelievedtheyall
relatedonlytoConjurationbuttherewasanInno|centSocietywiththem,whichaManmightuse,ifhemadeno
contractwiththem,didnoharmbytheirmeans,andwasnotcurioustopryintohiddenthingsandthathehimselfhad
Dis|coursedwiththem,andheardthemSing,&c.tohisgreatSatisfaction,andoncemadeanoffertomyself,and
anothertimetoMr.Bayly,nowMinisterofSt.James'sinBristol,thatifwewouldgowithhimoneNightto
Kings|woodForest,weshouldseethem,andhearthembothSpeakandSing,andtalkwiththemonwhatsoeverSubject
wehadamindto,andweshouldreturnverysafebutnei|therofushadtheCouragetoventure.Itoldhimofthe
SubtletyoftheDeviltode|ludeMankind,andtransformhimselfintoan
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AngelofLightbuthecouldnotbelievethatitwastheDevil.IhadseveralconferenceswithhimonthisSubject,but
couldneverconvincehim:InallwhichIneverobserv'dtheleastdis|orderofMind,hisDiscoursebeingveryrational.
Iask'dhimseveralparticularsconcerningthemethodheused,andthediscoursehehadhadwiththeSpiritsHetoldme
hehadaBookwhosedirectionshefollowed,andaccording|ly,inthedeadtimeoftheNight,hewenttoacrossway,
withaLanthornandCandle,whichwereConsecratedforthispurpose,withseveralIncantations:Hehadalsoa
Con|secratedChalk,havingamixtureofseve|ralthingswithinitandwiththisheusedtomakeaCircleatwhat
distancehethoughtfit,withinwhichnoSpirithadpowertoenterafterthisheInvokedtheSpirits,byusingseveral
formsofWordssomeofwhichhetoldmeweretakenoutoftheScriptures,andthereforehethoughtthemlawful.The
Spiritsappearedaccordinglytohim,intheshapesoflittleGirlsaboutaFootandanhalfhigh,andplay'dwithoutthe
Circle:atfirsthewassomewhataffrighted,butaftersomesmallAcquaintance,hebecamepleasedwiththeirCompany:
HetoldmetheyspakewithaveryShrillVoicelikeanAncientWomanheaskedthemiftherewereaGod,anHeaven,
andanHell?theyAnsweredtherewereheaskedthemwhatoeconomytheyhadamongthemselves?theytoldhimthey
weredivi|dedintoThreeOrders:thattheyhadaChief,whoseResidencewasintheAir,thathehadseveralCounsellors,
whichwereplacedintheformofaGlobe,andheintheCenter,whichwasthechiefestOrder:another
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Orderwasimployedingoingtoandfro,fromthencetotheEarth,tocarryIntelli|gencefromtheLowerSpirits,
accordingtotheDirectionstheyreceivedfromthoseintheAir.
ThisDescriptionbeingcontrarytotheaccountwehaveinScripture,oftheHie|rarchyofAngels,mademeconclude
themDevils,butIcouldneverconvincehim:HetoldmehebidthemSing,andtheywenttosomedistance,behinda
Bush,fromwhencehecouldhearapleasantConsort,butofsuchMusick,ofwhichheneverheardthelikeandinthe
upperparthecouldhearsomethingveryharshandshrilllikeaReed,butasitwasmanaged,gaveaparticularGraceto
alltherest.
AboutaQuarterofaYearafterthis,hecametomeagain,andtoldmehewishednowhehadtakenmyAdvice,forhe
thoughthehaddonethat,whichwouldcosthimhisLife,andhisEyesandCountenanceshew'dagreatalteration.I
askedhimwhathehaddone?hetoldmethatbeingBewitch'dbyhisAcquaintance,heresolvedtoproceedfartherin
thisArt,andtohavesomeFamiliarSpiritsathisCommand,accordingtothedi|rectionsofhisBook,whichweretoget
aBookmadeofVirginParchment,andCon|secratedwithseveralIncantations,asalsoparticularInk,Inkhorn,Pens,&c.
forthispurposewiththesehewastogooutasusualtoaCrossway,calluponaSpirit,andaskhimhisName,which
hewastoenterintheFirstPageofhisBook,andthiswastobehisChiefFamiliar.Thushewastodobyasmanyashe
pleased,WritingtheirNamesin
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distinctPages,onlyoneinaLeaf,andthen,wheneverhetooktheBookandopenedit,thefirstwhoseNamepresented,
shouldap|pear:hisChiefFamiliarhesaidwascalledMalchi,afterhehaddonethis,theyappear'dtohimfasterthanhe
desired,andinmostDismalShapes,asofSerpents,Lions,Bears,&c.andhistathim,andattemptedtothrowSpears,
andBallsofFirehewasverymuchAffrighted,andthemorebecause,hefounditnotinhispowertoLaythem,
inso|muchthathisHairstoodanend,andheex|pectedeverymomenttobeTorninPieces.ThiswasinDecemberabout
Midnight,whenhecontinuedthereinaSweattillbreakofDay,atwhichtimetheylefthim,andfromthattimehewas
neverwellaslongasheliv'd.HealwayssaidhenevermadeanyCompactswithanyoftheseSpirits,noreverdidany
Harmbytheirmeans,norpry'dintoFutureConcerns,relatingtohimself,orothers,andexprestanheartyRepentance
forhisSin.
AfartheraccountofthisMattermay,per|haps,behadfromhisRelations,orNeigh|boursinMangerfieldinGloucester
shire,notaboveaMileoutoftheRoad,betwixtBristolandBath.
IformerlygaveanAccountofthisAffair,tothelateBishopofHereford,inwhichpro|bablytherearesomethings
contain'd,whichIdonotnowremember,andwhich,perhaps,maybeprocuredfromhisLady,nowlivingnear
Gloucester,whichAccountwouldbemoreAuthentick.SofarMrBedford.
JanusMattheus,anItalianPhysician,Prin|tedaBookofProblems,atVenice,Anno1567.TheFirstProblemthere
treated,isthis:Whe|ther
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thereareDaemons,andwhethertheyarethecausesofDiseases,accordingtotheOpi|nionsofDivines,Philosophers
andPhysicians.IntheThirdBookofthisProblem,hegivesusaRelationmuchliketheforegoingRelationofMr.
Bedford,andsays,hehaditfrommanyPersonsworthyofCredit,andfromtheAu|thorofthethinghimself.Itisas
follows.
AftertheDeathofJuliusAlbertus,aLaw|yer,acertainFriendofmine,aLawyeralso,seizedonacertainNecromantick
Book,whichhadbeenkeptinaBoxofthesaidAlberthavinggotitintohispossession,hepresentlyreturn'dintoa
Mountain,wherehisWifewasBorn,beforethediscoveryoftheTheftthereheLivedalongtime,andDied,never
havingtriedthePoweroftheBook,hebeingwhollyIgnorantoftheMagickArtbutonadayunwarilywhisper'dout
something,con|cerningitsMagicalPower,tohisonlySon,namedArrivabenus,myfamiliarAcquaintance.hisFather
beingDead,andhehavingMar|riedaRichWife,wasdrawnbysomefalseCompanions,intotheFallaciousPracticeof
Chymistry,andwhen,afterawhile,hehadspentmuchofhisWivesFortune,andalmostallofhisPaternalEstatein
ChymicalPracti|cestonopurpose,helightsonaday,onacer|tainGermanTraveller,whowasSkilfulintheArtof
Chymistry,whomhecarriedtohisHouse,andtheytheretry'dChymicalExpe|rimentstogetheralongtime,butstillin
vainwhereuponatlengthhediscover'dtotheGerman,thathehadaMagicalBook,andshew'dithim,butwith
engagementofSecresytheGermanconsideringtheBook,saidtohim,prayletustrywhetherthisBookcontains

Page302
TruthorDreams,andonanappointedDayArrivabenustookwithhimtheBook,andaSword(theGermangoingwith
himunarm'd,(forsoitwasagreedbetwixtthem)andbe|foreSunRisingtheywentintoaValley,thro'whichaTorrent
ran,andsowentintoathickWood,ontheleftsideoftheTorrent,inthemidstofwhichhavingcutsomeBusheswith
theSword,andmadeanArea,asitwasnecessarypresentlysomeCeremoniesbeingpremittedbytheGerman,wontto
beusedforsuchend,andalargeCirclebeingmadewithaRod,withcertainGeometricalFigures,theybothenterinto
it.ThenArrivabenushimself,whowouldnotdelivertheBooktotheGerman,(theyhavingsoagreed)helditfirmlyin
hisLeftHand,andtheSwordinhisRight,andattheGermansCommandopen'ditwhichbeingdone,theGermanin
theGermanTongue,calledonlytwoDaemonstoappearinSoldiersHabitsandpresentlywithagreatWindandNoise,
twoDaemonscame,oneaHorsemanwithanHeadpieceandaCoatofMail,andallothermeetArms,andRidingona
BlackHorsetheotheraFootSoldier,goingbeforehim,girtwithaSword,andhavingaSnapsackonhisShoulder,
whoseEyesshinedwithcertainmovableFlames,thatyouwouldhavejudg'dthemColliers,andwouldscarcehavebeen
abletolookonthem:presentlyastheseDaemonsap|pear'dtotheMen,theysaid,whatdoyouAsk?tothesethe
GermanmadeanAnswer,andaskedthemmanythingsintheGermanTongue,andreceivedtheirAnswerstoallthings
inparticular.AtlengthashehadcommandedthemtoreturntoHell,asthe
Page303
weregoingaway,Arrivabenussaid,WhatthinkyouwillbecomeofourAlchimy?towhichastheDaemonwasgoingto
An|swer,begonesaystheGerman,intheGer|manTongue,Speaknomorewhereupon,theyreturn'dtoHell,withthe
sameWindandNoiseastheycame.AftertheywereVanishedArrivabenusbegantoUpbraidtheGermanforhaving
doneIll,inhindringtheDevilfromgivingthemanAnswer,astotheirAlchimy,andthenextdaydismisthim.Andby
reasonthatfortwoYearsafterwardsArrivabenus'sWivesUncleswouldnotPayhimwhatremaindintheirHandsofher
For|tune,ashedesired,becausehehadmanagedhisAffairsIllbeingstruckwithaRage,hetakeshisDaemonical
Book,andgoestothesameWoodandAreaandhavingperformedallthingsbutone,whichtheGermanhaddonethere
beforebehold,presently,withthesameWindandNoiseoftheTrees,innu|merableDaemons,withFrightful
Countenan|ces,andcarryingruggedStavesintheircrook|edHands,appear(forthroughRageArriva|benushadforgot
tocommand,bothhowmany,andinwhatappearancetheyshouldcometohim,astheGermanhaddonebefore)and
stoodabouttheCirclehehadmade,withinwhichtheMiserableManstoodandtheyscar'dhimwithThreats,and
endeavouredtopullhimoutoftheCircle,allofthemear|nestlyAsking,whatwillyouhave?whatwillyouhave?
whereuponbeingFrightedandbesidehimself,andrunningtoandfrowithintheCircle,inanhorridFear,hefellat
lengthoutoftheCircleunawarestheDaemonsthenfellaBeatinghim,pullinghimhereandthere,
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andstrovetotaketheBookfromhim,butcouldnotdoit,hehavinghiditinhisBosom.MeanwhileArrivabenus
sometimesRunning,sometimesCreeping,cameatlengthtotheBridge,whichisovertheRiver,forhewasnotsofar
besidehimself,thathehadquiteforgothisrightway,buttheDaemonsthrewhimfromtheBridgeintotheRiver,sothat
hewasnighSuffocatedintheMudandWa|ternow,aCountryMancasuallydrivinganAsstofetchWood,pastover
theBridge,wherehisAssbeingfrighted,andflyingback,hesawArrivabenustumblingintheMud,halfDead,he
calledtohim,andlayingholdofhisHair,drewhimoutoftheMud,andbythehelpofhisAss,carriedhim,withmuch
ado,tohisWifeintheTownwhofindingtheBookinhisBosom,whichshehadheardhimspeakofbefore,shetookit
privatelyfromhim,andhaditburnt.ArrivabenuslooktPaleandIlleverafterit,tho'heLivedalongtime:AndAnno
1591.uponmyrequest,freelygavemethisRelation,wordforword,Ihavingheardofitlongbeforefromsomeothers.
JanusMathusaddsforacloseNowwhatpossiblymayourgreatPhilosophers,thePerepatetickshereAnswer?Truly
theywilleitherdenyInstancesofthiskind,forthattheyconsistofParticulars,whichareneitherknownbyDiscipline,
norbytheUnderstand|ing:orsuchthingsbeinggranted,theywouldsaythatthesearenotHistories,butmeerDreams
ofsomeMelanchollyRelators,forcertainMelanchollyPersonssofixtlyDreamintheNight(asitsometimeshappens
toLo|versandJealousPersons)ofthosethingswhichwithamostvehementaffecttheyDesire,
Page305
hope,abhororfearintheDay,thattheyseemmosttrulytoseethesamewakingintheDaytimeaccordingtothatof
Averrhoes.*ItsnostrangethingthatsomeManmayseewhena|wake,whatsleepinghedidinhisDream.Nay,perhaps
hewillseetheveryformofthething,andnotitslikeness,asitssaidofGaumr.SofarJanusMatthaeus.
Kircher,inhisOedip.Aegyp.Tom.3.p.82.tellsus,ThatinthemidstoftheSubterraneousAdytaoftheEgyptians,there
wasanAltarorTableplac'd,andinitthewholeConcatena|tedSeriesoftheGenii,wererepresentedbysuchhidden
Symbols,thattheydidnotonlynotifiethehiddenRecessesofthegreatestMysteries,buttheyhadalsoaninfallible
efficacy,tomakeoneofthemwhichthePriestshadaMind,per|sonallytoappear,byhorribleandexecrable
Ad|jurations,andAnalogonsRitesandCeremonies.
TherearemanyRelationsofHousesinfestedwithDaemonsbyMagicalPractices,causingNoisesinthem,throwing
Stones,&c.ofwhichIshallgiveonlythisInstance.*Jon.Clveriustellsus,thatAn.856,anevilSpiritinfestedtheCity
ofMntz,andtheNeigh|bouringPlaces:firstthrowingStones,andmakingNoisesagainsttheWallsoftheHouses,and
thengrowingtroublesometoMen,hebe|gan,inawhiletospeak,andtotellwhatthingswerestoln,andsotosow
discorda|mongNeighboursatlengthhestirr'duptheMindsofallagainstoneMan,asthoughtheysuffer'dallthose
thingsforhisSinsandintowhatsoeverHousehewent,itpresentlytookonFire:norwashefreeintheFields,for
Fruitsbeingthereheap'dtogether,theywereconsum'dwithFire,andwhentheNeigh|bours
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forthisfelluponhim,andwereabouttokillhim,heprov'dhisInnocencybycar|ryingaburninghotIroninhisHands.
HecontinuedactingthusforthreeYears,tillhehadconsum'dalltheHouseswithFire.
TherewasanInstanceofthiskind,thelastYearinSomersetshire,atButley,nearGla|stenbury,wherelivesoneMr.
Pope,whoseSonbeingabout13or14YearsofAge,felloftenintoFits,andinhisFitssaid,hisFather'sHousewould
beBurntbySpirits,whomhesometimessawandtheHousewasBurntdownaccordingly,andaStallwiththreeOxen
init,andsomeWheatMowsinhisbacksideandStoneswereseentocomeinattheWindowsintheDaytime,noMan
per|ceivingfromwhatHandtheycameasaPersonofGlastenburytoldmyself,thelastSummer,atWells,inthesaid
Countyhe,up|onhisbeingintheHouse,havingseenmanyStonessocomeinattheWindows.ThisVex|ation
continuedalongtime,thoughnowIhearit'sceas'd,andtheHouseisrebuilding:Therearemanymoreparticularstobe
broughtconcerningthisFact,and,ifanyMancanmakeout,thatallthesethingsweredonebyTrick,andContrivance
(assomesaytheywere)theymaydowelltosatisfietheWorldofit.
IknowthelateDr.Bekker,inhisBooken|titled,LemondeEnchant,laughsatallthingsofthisNature,asdoneby
HumaneContrivance,andMr.Scot,inhisDiscoveryofWitchcraft,writesthus:IcouldreciteagreatNumberofTales,*
howMenhaveev'nforsakentheirHouses,becauseofsuchApparitionsandNoisesandallhasbeenbymeerandrank
Knaveryandwheresoeveryoushallhear
Page307
thatthereisintheNightSeasonsuchrumbling,andfearfulNoises,beyouwellassur'd,thatitisflatKnavery,
performedbysomethatseemmosttocomplain,andareleastsuspect|edandhereofthereisaveryArt,whichforsome
respectsIwillnotdiscover.TheDevilseeksdaily,aswellasnightlywhomhemayDevour,andcandohisFeatsaswell
byDayasbyNight,orelseheisaYoungDevil,oraveryBungler.
Iknownotwhatmaybeoffer'dtoMenofsuchobstinatePrepossessions,whowillhaveallthingsdonebyImposture,
whichseemstrangetothem,andinterferewiththeirBeliefImayindulgetheirHumoursofar,thatifon|lyonePerson
tellsaverystrangeStory,aManmaybemoreapttothinkitpossibleforthatPersontolye,thanthatsostrangea
Re|lationshouldbetruebutifaconsiderablenumberofPersons,ofseveralCountries,seve|ralReligions,several
Professions,severalAges,andthosePersonslook'dupontobeofasgreatSagacity,asanytheCountriesafford,agreein
Relationsofthesamekind,thoughverystrange,andarereadytovouchtheTruthofthemuponOath,afterhavingwell
consider'dCircumstances,Ithinkitaviolati|onoftheLawofNature,torejectalltheseRelationsasfabulous,meerly
uponaselfpre|sumingConceit,unlessaMancanfairlyshewthethingstobeImpossible,orwhereinthosePersons
wereimpos'don.Dr.BekkerrejectsalltheFactsalledg'dforprovingtheOperationsofDaemons,andamongothersthe
FactsoftheDaemonsofMasconandTedworth,asbeingdonebyCombinationsofServants,orothersandwouldhave
theWorldacquieseinhisAr|bitrary

Page308
sayso,withoutanymannerofProof,onlyalledgingthisfrivolousPretence,thattherehavebeenImposturesinthat
kind,andthereforethosemustbesoanotableconse|quencewhichshouldaSchoolBoyinfer,hewoulddeserve
lashing,butIshallsaysome|whatconcerningDr.Bekker'sWorkbeneath(itbeingInstarOmniuminitskind)and
thereforeshallsaynomoreofithereleavingtheFactsatMasconandTedworthtoMenofunbyass'dThoughtstojudge
ofthemastheyseecause:TheseRelationsseemingtomewellattested,andaswellexamin'dasiftheCriticalDr.
BekkerhadbeenaPartyconcern'donthatAc|count.Indeeditmaynotbeeasysometimestodiscoverhowathingis
donebyTrick,tho'itbereallysoastheLordHoward,inhisDe|fensativeagainstsuppos'dProphecies,c.17.wherehe
treatsofMensConferencewithdamn'dSpiritsandFamiliars,tellsus,ThathimselfwaspresentwithdiversGentlemen
andNo|blemen,whoundertooktodescrythefinestSightsthatSchotto,theItalian,wasabletoPlay,byLegerduMin,
beforeQueenEliza|beth,whonotwithstandingwerenolessbe|guil'dthantherest,thatpresum'dlessontheirDexterity
andSkillinthoseMatters.Andne|verthelessIthinkitmaynotbedifficulttodi|scernthatsomeFacts,andamong
others,thosethatpass'datMasconandTedworth,wereaboveallHumanePerformance.Mr.Scot,indeedtellus,There
isapeculiarArtfordoingthesethings,whichforsomerespectshewillnotdisco|ver.IsupposebythisArthedoesnot
meanacommonCombinationofServants(asDr.BekkerseemstobeofOpinionitis,thoughhepresentlysubjoins,that
theDevilcanshew
Page309
TricksaswellbyDay,asbyNight,intima|tingasthoughthoseNoises,&c.onlyhappeninHousesbyNight(atime
favouringImpo|stures)whichisagreatmistakeforintheRelationsoftheDaemonsofMasconandTedworth,andthat
Ihavegivenbefore,andinmanyotherRelationsofthelikekind,wefindthatmanyFactspass'dintheDaytime,as
wellasbyNight,andthatStoneshavebeenthrownatPersonsinopenFields,intheDaytime,byaninvi|sibleHand,
whenmanyhavebeenpresent.AndnotwithstaningthispretenceofanArt,unlessMenhaveanArttomakethemselves
invisible,(asHistorytellsus,Iknownotwithwhattruth,somehavedone)Ishallneverbe|lievethatanyManshallbe
ablefairlytosolvetheFactswehaverecordedofHousesando|therPlacesinfested,byanyPerformanceofMan
allowingstillthattherehavebeenmanyImposturesinthiskind,andthatmanystrangethingsmaybeperformed,asto
theConveyanceofVoicesandSoundsbyadeepinsightinAcou|sticksandPhonicks.
Ishallnotconcealhere,that,inreferencetowhatpass'datTedworth,aPersonlatelytoldme,Mr.Mompessonown'd
privatelytothelateKingCharlestheSecond,thatallthatpass'dathisHouseatTedworthwasdonebyContri|vance:
AndanotherPersonhastoldme,itwasdonebytwoYoungWomenintheHouse,withadesigntoscarethenceMr.
Monpesson'sMotherthiswastoldthembyothers,andIfoundtheminclin'dtoaBeliefofit,butwho|everrelatedthis,
unlesstheywereobstinateOpposersoftheTruth,eitherhadnotseen,ordulyconsider'dtheLetterwritbyMr.
MonpessontoMr.Glanvil,Nov.the8th.1672.

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northatwritbyhimtoMr.Collins,oneoftheBooksellersthatundertooktheImpressionofhisBook,itbeingdated
Aug.the8th.1674.inthefirstmention'dofthoseLettershewritesthus:Ihavebeenveryoftenoflateask'd,whetherI
havenotconfess'dtohisMa|jesty,oranyother,aCheatdiscover'daboutthatAffair.TowhichIgave,andshalltomy
dyingDay,givethesameAnswer,thatImustbelyemyself,andperjuremyselfalso,toacknowledgeaCheatina
thing,whereIamsureneitherwas,norcouldbeany,asmyself,theMinisterofthePlace,andtwoo|therhonest
Gentlemen,depos'dattheAssizes,uponmyimpleadingtheDrummerandtho'IamsurethisdamnableLyedoespass
forcur|rentamongonesortofPersonsintheWorld,yetIQuestionnotbutthethingobtainsCreditamongthose,whom
IprincipallydesireshouldretainamoreCharitableOpinionofme,thantobeanywayaDeviserofit,onlytobetalk'd
ofintheWorld,tomyownDisad|vantageandReproach.
InhisLettertoMr.Collins,heinformshimofwhatwasdepos'duponOath,andbywhomattheAssizesatSarum,
concerningthisAffair,wherehewritesthusTheEvidenceuponOathweremyself,oneMr.WilliamMaton,andone
Mr.WalterDowse,allyetliving,andIthinkofasgoodRepute,asanythisCountryhasinitandoneMr.JohnCragg,
thenMi|nisterofthePlace,butsincedead:Wealldepos'dseveralthings,thatweconceiv'dim|possibletobedoneby
anyNaturalAgents,astheMotionofChairs,Stools,andBedstaves,noBodybeingnearthem,thebeatingofDrumsin
theAir,overtheHouse,inclear
Page311
Nights,withseveralotherthingsofthelikeNature.TheseWitnesseswereNeighbours,anddepos'dthattheyheard,and
sawthesethingsalmosteveryDayorNight,formanyMonthstogether.
ThepreceedingLettersarePrintedattheendofthePreface,totheSecondPartofMr.Glanvil'sSaducismus
Triumphatus,Printedtoge|therwiththeFirstPart,Ann.1681.
AftertheforegoingDeclarationofMr.Mompesson,ImustfreelytellallMen,thatshallpretendaCheatinthe
TranslationatTedworth,thattilltheyfairlymakeappeartotheWorld,bywhomtheCheatwasplay'd,andhowthe
FactsSworntowereperform'd,theImposturemustlieattheirDoor.
IfwemaybelieveLuther,hetellsus,*inhisTableTalk,ThathedepartedfromWorms,andnotfarfromEisenach,was
takenPrisoner,andwaslodgedintheCastleofWartburginPathmo,inaChamberfarfromPeople,wherenonecould
haveaccesstohim,butonlytwoBoysthattwiceaDaybroughthimMeatandDrink,amongotherthingstheybrought
himHazleNuts,whichheputintoaBox,andsome|timesus'dtoeatofthem.IntheNighttimestheDevilcame,andgot
theNutsoutoftheBox,andcrack'dthemagainstoneoftheBedsPosts,makingaverygreatNoise,andarumbling
abouthisBed,butheregardedhimnotwhenafterwardhebegantoslumber,hekeptsucharacketandrumblingupon

theChamberStairs,asifmanyemptyHogsheadsandBar|relshadbeentumbleddownandtho'heknewtheStairswere
stronglyguardedwithIronBars,sothatnoPassagewaseitherupordown,yethearoseandwenttowardsthe
Page312
Stairstoseewhatthematterwas,butfind|ingtheDoorfastshut,hesaid,Artthouthere?Sobetherestillandsohe
committedhim|selftoChrist,andlaidhimdowntorestagain.SofarLuther.
IwentmyselfoncetoseeaGentlemannearBath,andcametohisHouseaboutElevenoftheClockintheMorning,his
Ladysaidtome,shewish'dIhadcomesooner,foraboutanHourbefore,asshewascominginattheforedoorofthe
House,shesawtheMinisteroftheParishcomeintotheEntry,attheback|door,andtogointotheHall,whomshe
pre|sentlyfollowed,butfoundhimnotthere,whereuponshewentuptoherChamber,whereaMidwifewastoattend
her,shebeingnearhertimeofbeingbroughttoBed,andfindingtheMinisternotthere,assheexpected,shewasmuch
surprised,andsenttohisHousetoenquireforhim,anditwasfound,hehadnotstirredoutofhisHousethatDaybut
withaltheGentleman,Iwastosee,toldme,theyhadeveryNightNoisesintheirHouse,asthoughaManshouldstrike
HundredsofstrokeswithaMalletonanemptyHogshead,whichkepthimself,andhiswholeFamilywakingandsaid,
ifIwouldstayaNightwithhimIshouldhearthesamebutmyoccasionswouldnotthenpermitmetostay.
ThereareaWorldofwellattestedRelati|onsinthiskind,butallmustbeCheatandImposturewithsomeMen,because,
forsooth,theywillhaveitso.
TodeliversomewhatofmyownOpinionconcerningthePowerofMagickImustownmyselftohavebeenlong
guidedbytheCau|tiongiv'nusbyCornAgrppa,topreventbeing
Page313
impos'donbyPretenderstoMagick,ando|thercuriousandabstruseArts,inanEpi|stlehesenttohisFriend,*theAbbot
deAquaPendente,wherehewritesasfollows:Haveacareyouarenotdeceivedbythosewhohavebeendeceived,for
noreadingofBookswhat|soevercandirectyouinthis,theybeingfill'dwithmeerAnigma's.O!Howgreatthingsare
writtenconcerningthePoweroftheMa|gickArt?ConcerningtheprodigiousImagesofAstrologers?ofthepowerful
MetamorphosisoftheAlchimists?andconcerningthatBlessedStone,withwhichbaserMetalsbeingtouch'd,theyare
presentlyturnedintoSiverorGold?allwhichthingsarefoundvain,whentheyarepractis'daccordingtotheLetter.
Andneverthelessthosethingsaredeliveredandwrittenbygreat,andmostgravePhilsophersandholyMen,whose
Traditions,whoshalldaretoChargewithFalshood?Nay,itwouldbeimpioustobelieve,thattheypurposelywritLyes.
ThereforethereisanotherSenseinwhattheywrite,thanisdeliveredbytheLet|ter,andthatcoveredwithvarious
Mysteries,buthithertoopenlyexplainedbynoneoftheMastersandwhichIknownotwhetheranyMancanattain,by
thesolereadingofBooks,withoutaskillfulandfaithfulMaster,unlesshebedivinelyinlightned,whichisgrantedto

veryfew.Thereforemanylabourinvain,whopursuethesemostSecretArcanofNature,applyingtheirMindstothe
barewordsastheylieforbyanunhappyGenius,beingfall'nfromarightunderstanding,andintangl'dinfalse
Imaginations,bythecraftofexteriourSpirits,theybecomedangerousServantstothose,o|verwhomtheymightRule,
andnotknow|ing
Page314
themselves,theygoforthaftertheFoot|stepsoftheirHerds,seekingwithoutthem|selves,whattheypossesswithin
them.AndthisiswhatIwouldnowhaveyouknow,thattheWorkerofallwonderfulthingsisinourselves,whoknows
howtoeffect,andthatwithoutallCrime,OffenceofGod,orInjuryofReligi|on,whatsoevertheportentousAstrologers,
theprodigiousMagicins,theenviousPersecutorsofNature,theAlchimists,andthewickedNe|cromancers,worsethan
Devils,darepromise.Isay,thatWorkerofwonderfulthingsisinus,

Noshabitat,nontartarasednecsideracoeli,
Spiritusinnobisquiviget,illafacit.
Helivesinus,notintheStars,norHell,
ThatSpiritdoesit,whichinusdoesdwell.
ButthesethingsarenottobecommittedtoPaper,buttobedeliveredbyWordofMouth,whichImaydowhenIseeyou.Asto
thePhilosophyyourequire,Iletyouknow,thattoknowGod,theMakerofallthings,andtopassintohimbyawholeImageof
likeness,asbyacertainEssentialcontact,ortye,wherebyyoumaybetransformedandmadeaGod,thisisthetrueandsolid
Philosophy,astheLordspeaksofMoses,saying,BeholdIhavemadetheeaGodofPharoah,thisisthehighest,andmost
occultPhilosophyofwonderfulWorks.ItsClavisistheunderstanding,forthehigherthingsweunderstand,themoresublime
Vertuesweputon,andthemorewonderfulthingsweWorkwithmoreeaseandefficacy,butourun|derstandingbeinginclosed
incorruptibleFlesh,
Page315
unlessitrisesabovethewaysoftheFlesh,andcomestoitsproperNature,cannotbeunitedtothoseDivinePowers(fortheydo
notjoinbutwiththeirlike),andiswhollyimpotentforperceivingthosemosthiddenSecretsofGodandNatureshallaMan
seeGodandLive?WhatFruitwillaGrainofCornbringforth,unlessitfirstdis?Hemustdie,dietotheWorldandtheFlesh,
andtoallhisSenses,andthewholeAnimalMan,whowoulden|tertherecessesofSecretsnotthattheBodyisseparatedfrom
theSoul,butthattheSoulleavestheBodyconcerningwhichDeath,PaulsaystotheColossians,Youaredead,andyourLife

ishidwithChristandelsewherehesays,moreclearlyofhimself,IknowaMan,whe|therintheBodyoroutoftheBodyI
knownot,Godknows,rapttothethirdHeav'n,&c.IsaywemustdiethisDeath,whichispreciousinthesightoftheLord,
whichhap|penstoveryfew,andhaplynotalwaysfor,
pauciquosaequusamavit,
Jupiter,&ardensevexitadaetheravirtus,
Diisgenitihocpotuere
firstthosewhoareborn,notofFleshandBlood,butofGodnextthosewhobyaPri|vilegeofNature,oraGenethiacalGiftof
theHeav'nsareDignifiedforittherestbuildonMeritsandArt,concerningwhichIshallcertifieyoubyWordofMouth.So
farAgripp,whohasmuchmoretothesamepur|pose.
Dr.Flood,aswellelsewhereinhisWorks,asinhisClavistohisPhilosophyandAlchimy,to|wardstheendofit,writes
conformablyto
Page316
whatisdeliveredusbyAgrippa,asfollows.ThatthetrueCabalists,andtrueAlchimistsareemployedaboutoneandthe
samething,andsotheMagi,wiseMen,andPhilosophers,itswhatnoManofasoundMindcanbeIgno|rantof,since
thereisbutonesummumbonum,andonetrueStone,atwhichMarkallthataretrulyWise,mostattentivelyAimsome
ofwhomareemployedabouttheCabala,othersaboutAlchimy,othersabouttheTheoPhilosophy,othersaboutNatural
Magick.
AstoAgrippa,IhaveheardsomeLearnedMensay,thatinhisYouth,whenhewrithisBooksofOccultPhilosophy,he
hadsomeesteemofMagick,butashegrewElder,andwhenhewrithisVanityofSciences,heshew'dhiscontemptofit
butIwonderLearnedMenshouldtalkthusforinhisVanityofSciences,heexplodesMagick,nomorethanhedoesall
otherArtsandSciences,andindeedhewriteslittlethereagainstit:Andhesayselsewhere,thathewritthatBook
sportingly,onlytotrywhatYoungStudentscouldsayfortheArtsandSciencestheyweresofondof,andsovalued
themselvesby.AndinhisEpistletoErasmus,*hesays,HewritthatBookinaDe|clamatoryway,inwhichallLiberty
ofSpeechisusedandallowedthisbeingasScholars,thattakeaTheme,anddeclaimPro,orCon,atPleasure.IfIlook
forAgrippa'strueSenseofamatter,IseekforitintheEpistleshewrittohisLearnedFriendsandCorrespondents,and
therehesufficientlyexpressestheesteemhehadofthetrueMagick.
AstotheDeathoftheAnimalMan,men|tionedbyAgrippa,asrequir'dforinitiatingustowardsthePerformanceof
greatthings,
Page317

Dr.Willis,asaskillfulPhisiologer,*inhisBookOftheSoulofBrutes,excellentlysetsforththeContestwhichhappens
betwixttheCorporealSoul,andtheRational,inthePurgativeLife,beforethelattercansettletheformerinadue
Subjection,andkeepitselftoitsduePurity.Hewritesthus:TheCorporealSouldoesnotsoreadilyobeytheRational
inDesirables,asinKnowables,forthatbeingnighertheBody,andsohavingamoreintimateAffinityto|wardsthe
Flesh,itswhollyboundtotakecareofthegoodandPerservationofthatforthecarefulPerformanceofwhichOffice,
itsverymuchdrawnbythevariousAllure|mentscontinuallypresentedbytheObjectsofeachSensehencebeing
employedaboutthecareoftheBody,andunderthatpretextbe|ingapttoindulgeFeastingandPleasures,sheveryoften
givesaDeafEartoReason,per|swadingthecontrarymoreover,theInferi|ourSoulbeingwearyoftheothersYoak,on
occasionbeinggiven,clearsitselfofitsFet|ters,affectingLiberty,orRuleandthenyoumayclearlyobserveTwins
strivinginthesameBelly,orratheraManwhollydividedbytwoArmiesfightingagainsteachotherwithinhim.
Infestisobviasignis
Signa,paresAquilas,&votaminantiavotis.
ThisIntestinecontestdoesnotwhollycease,tilloneoftheCombatantsbeingbecomeSu|perior,leadstheotherwhollyCaptive,
though,inthemeantime,toestablishtheEmpireoftheRationalSoul,andtovindicateitsRightandEmpirefromthe
Usurpationofthesen|sitive
Page318
Soul,thePreceptsofPhilosophers,andMoralInstitutionsareputinure,andwhenthesewillnotdo,SacredReligionfurnishes
afarmorepowerfulAid,whoseLawsandPre|ceptsbeingdulyobserv'd,theyareabletoraiseaMannotonlyaboveaBrute,
butev'nhimself,thatis,abovehisNaturalStateinasmuchastheysubjecttheSensitiveSoultotheRational,andbothtoGod.
NeverthelessthisDivinePolicyisnot,ev'nsoerectedinMan,withoutagreatContentionforwhileReasonusingitsown
strength,joyn'dwithMoralandSacredPreceptsendeavourstodrawtheFacultiesoftheCorporealSoultoitsside,thisrising
onthecontrary,obstinatelyadherestotheFlesh,andishardlydrawnfromitsFlatteries,nay,andwhichistobelamented,she
toooftenseducesthechiefSoulinus,andcarriesitawaywithit,towallowintheDirtofsensualPleasuressothataMan
becomeseitherliketo,orworsethanaBrute,inso|muchthatReasonbeingbecomeBrutal,leadstoeveryexcessand
notwithstandingtheMindsEmpireisnotalways,andwhollyo|verthrown,butsometimeorother,eitherre|turningtoherself,of
herownaccord,orbeingawaken'dbysomeoccasiongiven,andconsciousofherLapse,sherisesupagainstthesensitiveSoul,
asanEnemyandTraitor,andthrowningherfromherThrone,commandsherObedience.Nay,sometimesshecompelsher,by
reasonofCrimescommitted,totor|tureherself,andherbelovedFlesh,andsobyinflictingPunishmentsonherself,to
Expi|ate,asshemayherownFaultswhichkindofActandAffectofConscienceofaMan'stor|turinghimself,beingproperto
Man,plainly
Page319

shewshimeithertohavetwosubordinateSoulswithinhim,or,atleastthatthePartsofhisSoulareverydifferingwhereof,as
theoneopposestheother,andcontendsfortheMa|stery,ithappensthatManiscarryedawaytocontrarypurposes,andis
ExagitatedlittlelessthanaDaemoniack,obsess'dbyaLegion.
ThesameAuthor,inthesameBook,writesmoreofthesaidContestasfollows.*Super|stition,andDespairofEternal
SalvationarewonttoimprintonthesensitiveSoul,theBloodandBody,inamannerthelikeaffectsofMelancholy,as
LoveandJealousie,tho'somewayafteradifferentmannerofaffectingforintheformer,theObjectwhosegettingor
lossisindanger,iswhollyImmateral,anditsdesignbeingfirstconceiv'dbytheRati|onalSoul,isImprintedonthe
Corporealintheprosecutionofwhich,ifthisreadilyobeys,thennoPerturbationofaMan'sMindarisesbutifthe
CorporealSoulwithstanding,asitoftenhappens,theRationalstillinsistswithAdmonitionsandThreats,presentlythe
othergrowinghot,movestheBloodandSpiritsafteradisorderlymanner,opposesCorporealGoodsandPleasures,to
theSpiritualpresent|edbytheUnderstanding,andendeavourstodrawtheMantohersideandasthusthereisa
continualstrugglebetwixtthetwoSouls,andsometimestheWillisSuperior,sometimesthesensitiveAppetiteprevails
atlengthaCourtofConscienceiserectedbytheMind,whereallparticularActsarescrupulouslyex|amined,byreason
ofthesefrequentVariancesoftheSouls,theAnimalSpirits,asbeingtoomuch,andinamannerperpetuallyexercised,
andbeingcommandedhereandtherecon|trary
Page320
ways,andalmostdistracted,fallsome|whatatlengthfromtheirVigour,andNatu|ralDisposition,andatlastbeing
rendredfixtandmelancholick,astheyaredetainedfromtheirwontedExpansion,theyframeoutofCourse,andunusal
tracesintheBrain,andsocauseaDelirium,withanexcessofFearandSadness.Inthosekindsofaffects,the
Cor|porealSoulbeingcarryedaway,asitwerebyViolence,bothDivorcesitselffromtheBo|dy,andbeingmodified
accordingtotheCha|racteroftheIdeaimprinted,iswonttotakeaNewSpecies,eitherAngelical,orDiabolicalmean
whiletheUnderstanding,inasmuchastheImaginationsuggeststoitonlydiscorder|lyandmonstrousNotions,iswholly
pervertedfromtheuseoftherightReason.
Afterthelikewayofaffecting,ithappensthatsomemelancholyPersonsfallintoIma|ginaryMetamorphoses,eitheras
totheirFortunes,ortheirBodies,oneimagininghimselfandAct|ingasaPrince,anotherasaBeggar,onethinkshis
BodytobemadeofGlass,anotherthinkshimselfaDog,aWolf,orsomeotherMon|sterforaftertheCorporealSoul,
beingaf|fectedwithalastingMelancholy,andbindedinMind,haswhollydepartedfromherselfandtheBody,she
affectsaNewSpecies,orNature,and,asmuchasinherlies,reallyassumesit.SofarDr.Willis.
IhopethismaynotseemanoverlongDi|gression,inregarditseemstometocontainamoreclearExplication,than
mayeasilybefoundinotherAuthors,ofthecontestwhichhappensbetwixtourtwoSoulswithinus,inordertothe
SpiritualDeathoftheAnimalMan,andourassumingaDivineNature,

Page321
capableofwonderfulWorksasmentionedbyAgrippa.
ButafterallthereasoningofAgrippa,inwhichhehasexcellentlysetforthwhatre|latestoInternalOperationsofthe
Mind,andthewayofbringingittoitshightestPerfecti|onandPurity,IdonotseehowheAccountsfortheExternal
Operationsperform'dbyMa|giciansofwhichthereareaWorldofInstan|ces,unlesshewillhaveitwiththeArabian
Philosophers,thattheSoulthePoweroftheImaginationcanperformwhatitpleasesaspenetratetheHeav'ns,forcethe
Elements,demolishMountains,raiseValliestoMoun|tains,anddowithallMaterialFormsasitpleases.
Mr.Blunden,havingsentaLetterfromLon|dontoPaulusFelgenbalder,atAmstrdm,todesirehisOpinionconcerning
MgicalPer|formances,hereturnedhimanAnswer,inLatin,An..1655,whichAnsweraGentlemanhavingfavour'dme
withasightandperusalof,IgiveyouheretheSubstanceofit.
HedividesMagick,andMagiciansintothreekinds,viz.Divine,Natural,andDia|bolical.NowallMagick,hesays,
consistsintheSpiritbyFaith,forFaithisthatMgnetoftheMagicians,bywhichtheydrawSpiritstothem,andby
whichSpiritstheydogreatthingsviz.eitherbytheSpiritofGod,orbyNaturalSpirits,orbytheSpiritofDaemons:
ThereforeallMagickconsistsinaSpirit,andeveryMagicianActsbyaSpirit.MagiciansthatareofGodWorkbythe
HolyGhost,andtheHolyGhostbyMagicians,1Cor.12.Na|turalMagiciansWorkallthingsbytheNatu|ralSpiritsof
theElements,butWitchesand
Page322
DaemoniacalMagicians,asJannesandJambresinAegypt,WorktheirMagicalPerformancesbytheSpiritofDaemons
heconcludesthere|fore,thatallOperationsandWorksofefficacyarewroughtbyaSpirit.Now,hesays,itmustbewell
observ'd,thattheMagicianswhichareofGod,andtheNaturalMagiciansverymuchdiffer.NaturalMagiciansare
shewnus,Matth.7.22.andbyNaturalMa|gickDaemonsarealsocastforth,butnotallkindsofDaemons,andsomany
Worksofeffica|cyarewroughtbyNaturalMagick,alsoNa|turalDivinationsandProphecies,Act.16.16.suchthe
PythonissawasthatraisedSamuel,Sam.28.whoappearedinaBodyofWindandAir,asalltheBodiesoftheDead,till
theResur|rection,whichproducesaSpiritualBody,consistingofaSpirit,Light,andtheHeav'ns,SpiritualElements.
TheSpiritsoftheElementsattendthisNaturalMagick,andobeytheMagi|cian:butwemustknow,thatinsomePers
theNaturalMagickandDaemoniacalareandpromiscuous,astheMagickwhichisfromGod,andtheNaturalMagick
andalsoinsomeparttheDaemoniacalweremixtinBa|laam,whoalsosoughtAuguries,Numb.24.be|ingwillingto
makehimselfgracioustoGod,andalsotoMan,andsotopleasebothandthereforetheAngelofGodresistedhim,c.
23.andforthisHypocrisie,hediedbytheSword,c.30.8.
Thoughtherefore,hesays,NaturalMagi|ciansdomanyWorksofefficacybySpirits,yettheydonotdotheseinthe
NameofGodandChrist,thoughtheytalkmuchoftheNameAdonai,andcalluponit,yetthisNamemaybetakenin

vainandbythePermission
Page323
ofGodNaturalSpiritsbringtopassAuguries.SoalsoNaturalMagick,andtheDaemoniacalarepromiscuousinsome
PersonsbutifaPersonbyNaturalMagickshouldcastoutDaemons,itdoesnotfollow,thatthiswasal|sofromDivine
MagickandifDaemonsarecastoutbyNaturalMagick,byonethatisinthefearofGod,itdoesnotfollow,thatheisa
trueMagicianofGodforNaturalMagicktrulycastsforthSpiritsandDaemons,ifitbetrueNaturalMagick,butifit
exorbitatestoDaemoniacal,thenitiscondemn'd,andwhenNaturalMagickkeepswithinitsbounds,itisnotcondemn'd
byChristreadLukethe9.49.50.whereforetheNameAdonai,andofChristmaybeus'dbothrightly,andinasini|ster
wayrightly,asintheplacebeforequo|tedinaSinisterway,Act.c.7.13.14.andsotheMagiciansofDaemons,resisted
theMa|giciansofGod,c.13.8.and2Tim.3.8.
Hesubjoins,thatev'nNaturalMagickistobepractis'dbyanyChristian,becauseallMagickiswroughtbyaSpirit,and
weoughtnottoseekaConversationwithSpirits,andforthatSatanmixeshimselfwiththeNatu|ralSpirits.And
whereassomeallowthepractiseofMagickwiththeAngelsofGod,hesays,ThatnoManoughttohavetodowith
An|gelswithoutGod'sCommand.AndwiththisAbstractofthatLetter,IconcludethisChapterofMagick.
Page324
CHAP.XI.WhatmaybesuggestedfromReason,con|cerningtheExistenceofSpirits,andtheirOperations.

KIrcher,inEpist.Paraenet.prefixttohisObeliscusPamphilius,writesthus:WeknowathreefoldDemonstrationhas
beenal|waysus'dbytheunanimousConsentofPhi|losophersintheAcquisitionofScienceMa|thematical,Physical,
andMoral.Mathema|ticalDemonstration,asitinquiresintotheaf|fectsandPropertiesofQuantity,byPrinciplesknown
bytheLightofNature,ofEternalTruth,andvoidofalldeceit,soitbegetsacertain,andproperlycalledScience,all
scru|pleofdoubtbeingremov'd.PhysicalDemon|stration,asitcomesbyExperimentsofthings,totheSecret
knowledgeofCauses,itbegetsindeedScience,butbyreasonoftheExperi|ment,whichforthemostpartisexposedto
thefalseRepresentationsoftheSenses,itisnotvoidofDeception,nordoesarriveatthecertitudeoftheformeryet
accordingtoAristotle,itTriumphswiththeTitleoftrueSci|ence.MoralDemonstration,asitdependsontheExperience
ofHumaneActions,begetsindeedScience,butsuchastheNatureofMo|ralthingsadmits,andwhichiscall'dHumane
Faith,andforthemostpart,reliesontheAuthorityoftheRelater.Forthelikecause
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theAuthorityoftheRevealerbegetsDivineFaith,morecertainthanallScience.Hu|maneAuthorityisacertain
imitationofthis,onwhichwemustrelie,unlesswewillmakevoid,andannihilatetheHistoriesofallpass'dthingsI
speaknothereoftheAuthority,andHistoriesofsuspectedCredit,butofthosewhichhavetheclearPrescriptionof
manyAgesfortheirAuthority.SofarKircher.
Nowlayingthisbeforeus,itistobenoted,ThatChristianDivinesdonotpretendtoaMathematical,orPhysical
DemonstrationoftheExistenceofSpiritsfortheirExistencecannotbedemonstratedfromtheirEssence,ortheeffects
ascrib'dtothem,notfromthefirst,becauseit'snotfromtheNatureofSpirits,norfromthatofanyotherCreaturethat
theyExistforGodsofreelycreatedallBeings,thathemighthaveleftthemuncreatednorfromtheireffects,because
theconcourseofGodalone,orotherCausesmightbecon|ceivedtosufficeforsucheffectsbutChristi|anDivinesbuild
chieflyonDivineRevelation,whichissuperiortoallScience,andontheconstantTraditionofallChristianDi|vines,
fromthefirstAgesofChristianityandalltheypretendto,asPhysiologers,inwhattheysayconcerningSpirits,is,that
thereisnothinginit,whichimpliesaContradiction,orisinconsistentwithReasonandastherehavebeen,andare
manyPhaenomenaintheWorld,whichithasconcern'dPhilosopherstoAccountfor,theDoctrineoftheExistenceof
SpiritshasbeenHypotheticallyintroduc'din|totheWorld,andback'dbyasgreatMena|mongtheGentiles,astheWorld
hashadandtho'otherPhilosophershavesetupotherHypothe|sis
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forexplainingthosePhaenomenayetIthinkitwouldbeastrangerashnessinanyPersonowningtheLawofMosesor
Christ,tothrowbyanHypothesisback'dbyDivineRevelati|on,orratherintroduc'dbythemostLearnedofthe
Gentiles,ConsonanttoitandtoadheretoanyotherHypothesis,excogitatedmeerlybytheWitofManandwhich,in
truth,doesnotsofairlyaccountforPhaenomenaastheo|therdoesorshamefullytodenyFacts,whicharetobe
accountedforasIknownotwithwhatunboundedConfidence,someev'na|mongChristianshavedonewhereas
Vanini,whodiedaMartyrtoAtheism,andPompona|tius,whohasbeenlook'duponbysometohavebeenofthesame
Opinion,andmanyothers,freelyown'dtheFacts,whichtheyfounduncontestablymanifestedtothembyExperience
andTestimonies,thoughtheydidnotthinkfittoexplainthembytheAgencyofSpirits,butasfreeNaturalists,setup
otherHypothesisastheythoughtgoodforexplain|ingthem.SoAlchindus,inhisWorks,refer|redtoNature,allthings
thatareascribedtoAngelsandDevils,assincehimPetrusAponus,andPomponatiushavedone,imaginingthatall
Sublunarythingswerewhollysubjectto,anddependingonCelestialsandthattheyre|ceivedallVertuesandProperties
theonefromtheother,andeachparticularfromthewholetogether,bythemeansofcertainCorporealRays,whichpass
fromtheleasteventothegreatest,andwhichtheysupposedthecauseofallthatisdoneinNature.AsMarcusMar|,of
latereferredalltoIdeassoAvicennatoInligenes,GalentotheTemperamentandthesewithmanyotherPhilosophers,
haveex|erted
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alltheirforcetotakeofftheAdmirationofmanyextraordinaryEffects,bysettingforththemostlikelyCausesofthem
theycouldima|ginebuthowfaraManmayhaveReasontoacquiesceinanyofthoseHypothesis,willstillbethe
Question.
FortheRationalityoftheHypothesisofSpirits,PlutarchintroducesCleombrotus,*thusdeliveringhimself:Asthose
sayverywell,whoholdthatPlatohavinginventedthisEle|ment,whenceQualitiesspringandarein|gendred,whichis
sometimescalledthefirstMatter,andsometimesNature,hasfreedthePhilosophersfrommanyDifficultiessoitseems
tome,thatthosewhohaveintroduc'dtheNatureofDaemons,betwixtthatoftheGodsandMen,haveresolv'dmore
DoubtsandDifficulties,andgreaterhavingfoundthetye,whichconjoinsandholdstogetherasitwere,ourSociety
andCommunicationwiththembeitthatthisOpinioncamefromtheAncientMagiandZoroaster,orfromThraciaand
Orpheus,orfromAegypt,orfromPhrygia,asweConjecture,consideringtheSacrificesthataremadeinthose
Countries.
FatherleBrun,inhisBookquotedbeforebyme,c.3.afterhavingsetforthmanyoddDiscoveriesofhiddenthings,
madebytheVirguladivinatoria,inhissecondPart,c.6.examinestheCausesofitsturninginordertoDiscoveries,and
having(asIconceive)validlyrefutedallNaturalCauseswhicho|thershavepretendedtoassignforit,hecon|cludesitis
donebytheAgencyofevilSpi|ritstheExistenceofwhichheprovesasfol|lows.
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IfthereareEffectsthatcannotbeproduc'dbyBodies,theremustnecessarilybeintheWorldotherBeingsthanBodies
andifamongtheseprodigiousEffects,therearesomethatdonotcarryMentoGod,andmakethemfallintoErrorand
Illusion,it'safartherinvincibleArgumentthatwemustacknowlegdeotherBeingsthantheBeingabsolutelyperfect
andBodies.SothoseextraordinaryEffectswhichcanneitherbecalledindoubt,norbeAttri|butedtoGod,ortoBodies,
areanIncontesta|bleproofthatwemustadmitcreatedSpiritscapableofamusingMen,andseducingthembyDeceits.
ThoughthereforetheScriptureshadnotclearlytaughtustheExistenceofSpi|ritsseperatedfromBodies,Idaresay,that
extraordinaryEffects,suchasthediscoveryofmanyhiddenthingsbytheturningoftheVirgulaDivinatoria,would
giveastrongproofthattherearewickedSpirits.ButtheirExist|enceisclearenoughintheScripturesandcertainlyits
thebestestablish'dofalltheAr|ticlesofourFaith,theleastcontested,andthemostuniversallydisperss'dthroughthe
World.*Maimonides,inhisMoreNvochanproveswithmuchLearningandJudgment,thatbe|foreMoses,theSabeans,
AgyptiansandChal|daens,knewthegoodandevilGeniialltheAncientPoetsandPhilosophersown'dthisDogm,and
wefindintheHistoryoftheConversionofPeople,thatithasbeenalwayssoundestablish'damongthemostremote
Na|tions,norcanitbesaid(assomemaypre|tend)thatthisisaproofofthestupidnessofsomeNationsforthemost
PolitePeopledif|fernotinthis,fromthosetheycallBarbari|ansandwemaysee,intheWorksofPorphy|rius,
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Jamblichus,andClemensAlexandrinus,howmuchtheDoctrineoftheGreeks,wasliketothatoftheAegyptians,
concerningtheExistenceofgoodandevilSpirits.
ThenewconvertedChristiansofthePri|mitiveTimes,who,beingdisabus'doftheFol|liesofPaganism,werewatchful
onthepra|cticeoftheGentilestodiscovertheirImpostures,own'dthatsometimesProdigieswerewroughtbythe
Daemons.MinutiusFoelix,wholiv'dinthesecondCentury,hasverywellsetforthwhattheSenseoftheChristiansof
thoseTimeswas,concerningtheNature,andOpe|rationsofthoseDaemons,whomtheGentilesWorship'd.Tertullian,
andOrigen,andalmostalltheWritersoftheThreefirstCenturieshavedeliveredthesame,withalltheAssu|rancethat
Truthmaygive:AndwhatthesegreatMenhavesaid,isaverygoodAnswertowhatissomeimesObjected,thatChrist
de|stroyedtheKingdomofStan,andthatthePrinceofthisWorldisnowjudg'd,Joh.16.11.St.Peter,St.Paul,andSt.
John,Menwellin|structedintheWordsofChrist,andintheSensethatoughttobegiv'nthem,tellus,thattheDevil,as
aroaringLyon,goesabouttodeceiveus,thatweoughttohaverecoursetoPrayer,andkeepusfirminFaith,to
pre|serveusfromhisArtifices,andthesnareshelaysforus.TheDevilthereforeisnotoutoftheWorld,sothatheActs
nolonger,butisdrivenfromagreatmanyPlaceswherehehadRule.It'saTruthofourFaith,thatGodhasleftsome
PowertoDevils,andheper|mitsthem,onmanyoccasions,toputitinExecution.ThefrequentPossessionsinthefirst
AgesoftheChurchareauthentickTesti|monies
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ofit,andthebestaverredHistoriessinceChrist:AndathousandSuperstitiousPra|ctices,producingextraordinary
Effects,furnishuswithincontestableProofsoftheOperationofDaemonsandisthereanyEcclesiasticalWri|ter,who
hasnoteitherprov'dorsuppos'dthisTruth?TheLearnedGersontellsus,whatweoughttobelieveinthisCase,*and
whenceitisthatthisTruthmakessolittleImpressionontheSpiritsofmanyPersons,saying,Certain|lyitsanImpiety
andanError,directlycon|trarytotheScriptures,todeny,thatDaemonsareAuthorsofmanysurprizingFactsandthose
thatlookuponallthatissaidofit,asaFable,andmakeaMockofDivines,fora|scribingEffectstoDaemons,deservea
severeCorrection.SometimeseventheLearnedfallintothisError,becausetheylettheirFaithbeweaken'd,andtheir
NaturalLightbedarken'd.TheirSoulsbeingallpossess'dwithsensiblethings,referalltoBodies,andcannotraise
themselvestoSpiritsdetachedfromMatter.It'swhatPlatohassaid,thatnothingsomuchhindersthefindingofTruth,
astoreferallthingstowhattheSensespresentuswith.Cicero,St.Austin,AlbertusMagnus,Guliel.Pari|siensis,and,
aboveall,Experiencehavetaughtusthesame,wemayseeaProofofitintheSad|ducesandEpicureans,who
admittingnothingbutwhatisCorporeal,findthemselvesamongthoseSenslessPersons,ofwhomSolomonspeaksin
Ecclesiastes,andtheBookofWisdom,whohavepush'dtheirFollysofar,thattheycan|notowntheyhaveaSoul,and
effectsthatcannotbeproduc'dbutbySpirits.IwouldtherewerenomorePersonsofthatMindbutweshallalways
findsome,whowilltell
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usincoldBlood,thattheycannotbelieveProdigies,norMiracles,becausetheyhaveseennothingofextraordinary.
DisputenotwithsuchPersonswhenaManwillbeincredu|lous,hewillbesointhemidstofProdigiesandMiracles
therearealwaysfoundPeopletemperedlikeCelsusandLucian,whowillhaveallthingstobeFable,Illusion,and
Imposture.ManyPersonsmeasureallthingsbywhattheyordinarilysee,andholdallforfalse,thatsur|passthebounds
ofNature.TheybelieveFactswhiletheyappearNaturalconvincethemthattheycannotsobe,andyoushallseethem
presentlyconcludethemImpostors.
It'smanifest,thatweconceivebuttwosortsofBeings,SpiritsandBodies,andthatsincewecanreasonbutaccordingto
ourIdeas,weoughttoascribetoSpiritswhatcannotbepro|duc'dbyBodies.SofartheAbstractfromFa|therLeBrun.
TheAuthoroftheRepublickofLearning,intheMonthofAugust,An.1686,hasgivenusaroughDraughtforwritinga
goodTractofWitchcraft,whichhelooksuponasaDesidera|tumwhere,amongotherthings,hewritesthus:Sincethis
AgeisthetruetimeofSystems,oneshouldbecontrivedconcerningtheCom|merce,thatmaybebetwixtDaemonsand
Men.
OnthisPassageFatherLeBrunwritesthus:DoubtlessheretheAuthorcomplieswiththeLanguageofagreatmany
Persons,who,*forwantofAttentionandLight,wouldhaveusputallReligioninSystems.WhateverregardIoughtto
haveformanyofthesePersons,Imustnotbeafraidtosay,thatthereisnoSystemtobemadeofthoseTruths,whichwe
oughttolearndistinctlybyFaithbecausewe
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mustadvancenothinghere,butwhatwereceivefromtheOracle.WemustmakeSystemstoex|plaintheeffectsofthe
Loadstone,theebbingandflowingoftheSea,themotionofthePlanetsforthattheCauseoftheseEffectsisnot
evidentlysignifiedtous,andmanymaybeconceiv'dbyusandtodetermineus,wehaveneedofagreatnumberof
Observations,which,byanexactInduction,mayleadustoaCausethatmaysatisfieallthePhaenomen.It'snotthe
sameintheTruthsofReligion,wecomenotatthembygroapinganditweretobewish'dMenspakenotofthembut
afteradecisiveandinfallibleAuthority.It'sthusweshouldspeakofthePowerofDaemons,andoftheCommercethey
havewithMen.It'sofFaiththattheyhavePower,andthattheyattackMen,andtrytoseducethemdiversways:We
finditinJob,inTobit,andinathousandotherplacesofScriptureandTradition.It'scertainalso,thatthePowerthey
havede|pendsnotofus,thattheyhaveitovertheJust,sincetheymaytemptthemastheydidChrist:Tho'theyhaveit
notordinarily,butoverthosethatwantFaith,orfearnottopartakeoftheirWorksandthattotheselastparticularlythe
disorder'dIntelligencestrytomakeexactlysucceed,whattheywishIn|spiringthemtohaverecoursetocertain
Pra|ctises,*bywhichthoseseducingSpiritsenterinCommercewithMen.Allthisisdiscover'dwithoutSystem.Sofar
LeBrun.
GregorysettingforththeOrthodoxOpinionconcerningSpirits,says,ThatallthingsinthisvisibleWorldaregovern'd
byaninvisibleBeingbutAristotle,tho'heassign'dspiritualSub|stances

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totheCelestialBodies,whosenumberheconceiv'daccordingtothenumberoftheSpheresmov'dyethetellsusof
nonethatpresideoverInferiorBodies,unless,haply,HumanSouls:AndthisbecausehethoughtofnoOperations,in
referencetoinferiorthings,butnatural,forwhichtheMotionoftheCelestialBodiessuffic'd.
ButtheAssertorsofChristianTruth,whoaffirmmanythingstobedoneherewhichex|ceedthePowerofNature,have
thoughtitnecessarythatAngelsshouldpresideimmedi|atelyoverus.AvicennawasofOpinion,thatonlyone
ImmaterialSubstancepresidedoverallInferiorBodies,whichhecall'dtheIntellectusAgens:ButtheHolyDoctorsnot
disagreeingwiththePlatonicks,havetaught,thatdistinctSpiritualSubstancespresidedoverdifferingCorporeal
Things.SofarGreg.
HavingsetforththeOpinionofChristians,concerningSpirits,establish'd,aswellbyReason,asbyAuthority,both
DivineandHumane,IshallnowconsidertheOpinionsofthePerapateticks,Epicureans,andSadduces,de|nyingthe
existenceofSpiritsandshallheresetdownthenotoriousPrinciplestheygene|rallygoupon,leavingthosethatplease
tofollowthem,andtopartakeoftheConse|quentsofthem.
First,Aristotleheld,ThatGodisnottheCreatoroftheWorld,butthatitwasfromE|ternity,andwillsocontinue,Phys.
8.&Met.12.whereAquinas,lect.2.says,ThatheheldthisOpinionfirmly,andnotproblematically,tho'inhisTopicks
hesays,itwasaProblemamongtheancientPhilosophers.
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2.ThatGoddoesnottakecareofInferiorThingsnay,ThathewouldbecomeVileifhemindedthem.Met.12.Text.3.
3.ThatGodisanecessary,andnofreeAgent,asbeingtheSoulofthefirstSphere,whichhecannotbutmoveand,that
hecan|notmoveaStonewithus.Phys.8.&Met.12.
4.ThatHeavenandHellaretheFablesofLegislators.Met.2.&in12.
5.ThattheparticularSoulsofMendiewiththeBodyand,ThatthereisonlyoneImmortalSoul,whichisnottheForm
oftheBody,butassistingtoallBodies.
6.ThattherearenoDaemonsnorAngels,buttheMoversoftheSpheres,whoareinBlissbythatmotion,andcannot
butmovethem.Met.12.&l.deMundo.
7.ThatGoddoesnotsendDreams,becausehewouldsendthemtotheWise,andnottoIdiots,asitcommonlyhappens.
L.deInsomn.

8.ThatProphetsarenotInspir'dbyaDi|vineAfflatus,butgrowMadthroughMelan|choly,andProphecyintheir
Madness.InProblem,Sect.30.
TheseDogma's,withothersofhis,werecen|sur'dbytheCouncilsandFathersandifad|mitted,allReligionand
Governmentmustfall:AndAristotle,forholdingthem,wasforc'dtoflyfromAthens,otherwisehehadbeenquestion'd
bytheCourtoftheAreopagites.
Secondly,TheEpicureanPhilosophycontainstheseErratainPhysicks.
1.IttakesawaythetwochiefCausesofNature,viz.theeternalefficient,andfinalCause.
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2.ItfeignsallthingstoarisefromacasualconcourseofAtoms.
3.ItfeignstheSunandStarstobeVapourskindledandburning.
4.ItaffirmstheSoulsofMentodiewiththeBody.
Thirdly,TheSadduces,1.DenytheResur|rection.
2.TheyrejectallTraditionoftheFathersandsomeofthem,alltheProphets,butMoses.
3.TheybelievetheSoulsofMentobeMortal,andtodiewiththeBody.TheAra|bianHeresy,whichwastrump'dup,
about231YearsafterChrict,(asit'sobserv'dbytheLearnedWigandus,inhisTractdeHomine)ha|vingsomeAlliance
withthisOpinionoftheSadduces,itassertingtheSoulsofMentodiewiththeBody,tho'itallowsittoberestor'dwith
theBodyattheResurrection.WhichDogmahasbeennewvamptoflatebysomeofourAuthors.WhereasChrist
plainlysays,Matth.10.28.TheycannotkilltheSoul.
4.TheydenyGod'sProvidence,andascribeallthingstoMan'sFreeWill.
5.TheydenyAngelsandSpirits.
Now,theSadducesbeingaSectamongtheJews,andowning,atleast,theBooksofMoses,andfindingmentionthere
madeofAngelsandSpirits,theysaythatbythewordSpiritintheScriptureswearenottounder|standanysubstantial
Being,buteithercertainQualities,Motions,orInspirationsinMen,orelsecertainDivinePhantasms,orAppear|ances
createdbyGodtoservesomepresentoccasions,whichceasetobeassoonastheydisappear.
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Andindeed,asMr.Lawrenceobserves,inhisDiscourseofAngels,c.1.sect.2.thewordSpiritissometimesus'din
theseSensesintheScripturesbecauseSpiritsbeingveryactiveNatures,working,tho'powerfully,yetinsen|sibly,
thereforesuchImpressions,QualitiesandAffectionsinMen,aspowerfullyandsecretlymovethem,arecall'dSpirits.
Again,BecauseSpiritsaresuchpureSubstancesascannotbeperceiv'dbyourSenses,thereforemeerPhan|tasmsand
Appearancesaresometimescall'dSpirits.Butwhenit'ssaid,John4.24.thatGodisaSpirit,&c.IsGodonlyaQuality
ormeerPhantasm?IsHenotaproperSpirit,oraspiritualSubstance?
TheSadducesNotionofSpirits,seemstore|semblethatwhichMonsieurCharashasoftheVenomofVipers:Hethinks
noMancanassignanypartinaViperwherethereisrealVenomandsays,theVenomhasnothingmaterialinit,thatit's
apureeffectoftheImaginationoftheViper,whichformstoitselfanIdeaofVengeance,whichheproducesbutinthe
In|stantofhisAngerandthatitsannihilatedassoonasheceasestobeirritated:Forconfirm|ingwhichhegivesusthis
Experiment,thatuponswallowingtheBloodofaViper,orpour|ingitonaWound,noillaccidentfollows,whichaMan
wouldthinkitwould,ifVenomwerereallyincludedinit.
HavinglaiddownthegeneralPrinciplesofthesePhilosophers,IshallnowparticularlyconsidertheirGroundfor
rejectingSpirits,andtheirOperations.
ThesePhilosophers,especiallythetwolater,whohavemanyadherentseventothisDay,
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chieflyrejectSpirits,becausetheysay,theycanhavenoNotionofsuchathingasaSpi|ritualSubstance.Now,asto
this,IthinkourlateMr.Lock,inhisElaborateEssayonHumaneUnderstanding,hasfairlymadeout,*thatMenhaveas
clearaNotionofaSpiritualSub|stance,astheyhaveofanyCorporealSub|stance,Matter,orBodyandthatthereisas
muchReasonforadmittingtheExistenceoftheone,asoftheothersothatiftheyadmitthelatter,itisbutHumourin
themtodenytheformer.Hereasonsthus:IfaManwillexaminehimself,concerninghisNotionofpureSub|stance,in
general,hewillfindhehasnoo|therIdeaofit,butonlyasuppositionofheknowsnotwhatsupportofsuchQualities,
whicharecapableofproducingsimpleIdeasinus,whichQualitiesarecommonlycalledAccidentsthus,ifwetalk,or
thinkofanyparticularsortofCorporealSubstance,asHorse,Stone,&c.thoughtheIdeawehaveofeitherofthem,be
buttheComplication,orCollectionofthoseseveralsimpleIdeas,orsensibleQualities,whichweusetofinduni|tedin
thethingcall'dHorse,orStoneyetbecausewecannotconceivehowtheyshouldsubsistalone,noroneinanother,we
supposethemtoExistin,andsupportedbysomecommonsubjectwhichsupportwedenotebythenameofSubstance,
thoughitbecertainwehavenoclear,ordistinctIdeaofthatthingwesupposeasupport.
ThesamehappensconcerningtheOpera|tionsofourMind,viz.thinking,reasoning,fearing,&c.whichweconcluding
nottosubsistofthemselves,andnotapprehendinghowtheycanbelongtoBody,weareaptto

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thinkthesetheActionsofsomeSubstance,whichwecallSpirit:Wherebyitsevident,thathavingnootherNotionof
Matter,butsomethingwhereinthosemanysensibleQua|lities,whichaffectourSensesdosubsistbysupposinga
Substancewhereinthinking,knowing,doubting,andaPowerofmoving,&c.dosubsist,wehaveasclearaNotionof
theNature,orSubstanceofSpirit,aswehaveofBodytheonebeingsuppos'dtob(withoutknowingwhatisthe
SubstratumtothosesimpleIdeas,whichwehavefromwith|outandtheothersuppos'd(withalikeig|noranceofwhatit
is)tobetheSubstratum,ofthoseOperationswhichweExperimentinourselveswithin'tisplainthen,thattheIdeaof
CorporealSubstanceinMatter,isasremotefromourConceptionsandApprehensi|onsasthatofSpiritualSubstance
andthere|forefromournothavinganyNotionoftheSubstanceofSpirit,wecannomoreconcludeitsNonexistence,
thanwecanforthesamereasondenytheExistenceofBodyitbeingasRati|onaltoaffirm,thereisnoBody,because
wecannotknowitsEssence,asitscalled,orhavetheIdeaoftheSubstanceofMatter,astosay,thereisnoSpirit,
becauseweknownotitsEs|sence,orhavenoIdeaofaSpiritualSubstance.
Mr.LockalsocomparingourIdeaofSpiritwithourIdeaofBody,thinkstheremayseemratherlessObscurityinthe
former,thaninthelatter.OurIdeaofBodyhetakestobeanextendedsolidSubstance,capableofcom|municating
MotionbyImpulseandourIdeaofSoulisaSubstancethatthinks,andhasaPowerofexcitingMotioninBody,by
Will,orThought.Nowsome,perhapswillsay,
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theycannotcomprehendathinkingthing,whichperhapsistruebuthesays,iftheyconsideritwell,theycannomore
compre|hendanextendedthingandiftheysay,theyknownotwhat'tisthinksinthem,theymean,theyknownotwhat
theSubstanceisofthatthinkingthingnomore,sayshe,dotheyknowwhattheSubstanceisofthatsolidthingandif
theysay,theyknownothowtheythink,hesays,neitherdotheyknowhowheyareextended,howthesolidPartsof
BodyareUnited,orCoheretomakeExtension,&c.
TheLearnedMonsieurLeClerc,whogene|rallyconsidershowfarHumaneReasoncanbear,injudgingofPointslaid
beforeit,ar|guesconsonantlytowhatisbeforedeliver'dbyMr.Lock,inhisCoronis,addedattheendoftheFourth
VolumeofhisPhilosophicalWorks,intheThirdEditionofthem.Wherehewritesasfollows.
WhenwecontemplatetheCorporealNa|ture,wecanseenothinginitbutExtension,Divisibility,Solidity,Mobility,and
variousDeterminationsofQuantity,orFigureswhichbeingso,itwerearashthing,andcontrarytotheLawsofright
reasoning,toaffirmotherthingsofBodiesandconsequentlyfrommeerBody,nothingcanbededuc'dbyus,whichis
notjoyn'dinanecessaryconnecti|onwiththesaidProperties:ThereforethosewhohavethoughtthePropertiesof
perceivingbySense,ofUnderstanding,Willing,Ima|gining,Remembring,andothersthelike,whichhavenoAffimity
withCorporealthings,tohaverisenfromtheBody,havegreatlytransgress'dintheMethodofrightReasoning,and
Philosophizing,whichhasbeendoneby

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Epicurus,andthosewhohavethoughtashedid,havingaffirm'dourMindstobecompos'dofCorporealAtomsbut
whenceshallwesay,theyhavehadtheirrise?Truly,theydonotowetheirrisetoMatter,whichiswhollyde|stituteof
SenseandThoughtnoraretheyspontaneouslysprungupofnothing,itbeinganOntologicalMaximofmostevident
Truth,thatnothingspringsfromnothing.
ThereforethemostAncientPhysiologers,astheveryLearnedDr.CudworthhasshewninhisIntellectualSystemofthe
World,*whentheysawnothinginMatter,besidewhatwehavesaid,andhadconsider'dtheMaximalledgedtheypass'd
fromtheConsiderationofBodies,totheContemplationofamuchmoreexcel|lentNature,bywhichtheygathered
HumaneMindswerecreated,andallotherIntelligentNatures,thereforetheConsiderationoftheCorporealNature,
joynedwiththeknowledgeofthePropertiesofourMind,leadMenthestraitwaytotwoTenentsofthegreatest
Mo|ment,viz.theExistenceofaSupreamDeity,andtheCreationofMan'sSoul,byGod,whencealsoisdeducedits
Immortality,towhichwemayadd,thatthoughtheAutho|rityofDivineRevelationbeworthyofCreditbyitself,yetit
isnotalittleconfirm'dinourMinds,whenweseetheLightsofRevelati|onandrightReasonfriendlyconspirebe|twixt
themselves,fortheyaretwoSistersfall'nfromHeav'ntogether,whereforetheirAgree|mentmustnecessarilybevery
great,asbeingSprungfromoneFather,butwedonotap|prehendtheirAgreement,atfirstsight,norcanunderstandit
withoutanintentMedita|tion.IfrightReasondeny'dwhatrightRe|velation
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affirms,andwethoughttheydisa|greedweshouldstanddoubtfulbetwixtthem,norshouldwewellsatisfieourselves
whichweoughttobelievebuttheyagree|ing,whocanwithholdhisFaithfromthem,buthethatwouldbeaccounted
notonlytohavelittleReligion,butlikewisewhollydestituteofReason?Whereforethereisnocauseforthosethatgive
notCredittoReve|lationtoflatterthemselves,asthoughtheywereWiserthanthevulgar,whenatthesametimethey
naturallyexcludethemselvesfromtheNumberofMenthatuseReason.Seetherealsowhathefurthersmartlyargues
fortheImmor|talityoftheSoul.
ThesameMonsieurleClerc,inhisPneuma|ologia,hasdeliveredseveralthingsconcern|ingSpiritsandtheir
Operations,ofwhichIhaveextractedthefewfollowingHeads,asthinkingthemofusefordirectingourJudg|mentsin
ConsiderationsofthatNature.
1.Thosewhoaffirm,ordenythatSpiritscanbewithoutanyCorporealproperty,gofartherthantheyoughtforwe
cannotgatherfromtheNatureofSpirits,whichisunknowntous,whethertheyarewithoutallCorporealproperty,or
haveasubtleBody.Sect.2.c.1.
2.AsforApparitionsofSpirits,hesays,wecannotbyanyReason,shewfromtheNa|tureofthethingitself,thatitis
notpossibleforSpiritstobejoyn'dwithasubtleBodynorisitlikelythatsomanyNations,andsoremoteinPlaces

andOpinionsagreedinaLye,astoalltheyhavesaidconcerningAp|paritionsofSpirits.Itsmuchmorelikely,thatthe
groundoftheLyesinventedaboutthisMatter,wassometrueApparition,to
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which,asit'susual,aWorldofotherRela|tionsofthelikekindhavebeenfeign'd.Ibid.
3.WearesofarfromdeterminingwhatistheNatureofanAngelsIntellection,thatwedonotcomprehendev'nthe
NatureofourownIntellection.Sect.2.c.2.
4.InwhattheGentilessayofDaemons,andtheHebrewsofAngels,thereisnothingcon|trarytoanycertainKnowledge
wehavethereforeitmaybetheysaytrue,ifthethingbeconsider'dinitself.Sect.2.c.3.
5.Asitcannotbedoubted,buttherearemanyLyesinwhaisrelatedconcerningstrangePerformancesbyWitches,
uponacon|tractwithDaemons,soitwouldberashnesstoChargethemallofFalshood,especially,sincetheScriptures
relatesomethingslikethemandtrulythethingitselfisnotsoknowntous,thatwemaygatherfromtheNatureof
Daemons,whichmaynotconsistatleastwithmanythingsthatarerelatedofthemifanyMan,becausebothgoodand
evilAngelsarebelievedtobethinkingSubstances,shouldcontendthattheyhavenoPoweronBodies,becausenaked
thoughthasnoPoweronBo|dies,beforethisweregrantedhim,heoughttoshew,andthatevidently,First,Thatthereis
nothinginAngelsbesideThoughtSecondly,ThatthereisnotyeinstitutedbyGodbetwixttheirWills,andsome
ChangesofBodiesforifeitherofthesemaybeadmittedwithoutab|surdity,theymayalsobethoughtabletoActon
Bodieswithoutabsurdity.Sect.2.c.4.
6.SomesaynotrueMiracles,butCheatsareperform'dbyDaemonsbuttoUnderstandwhatthismeans,wemust
definetheWordsthatarehereus'daPortent,aMiracle,or
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aProdigyareherethesamethings,andtheydenoteanEffect.First,AboveHumanePower.Secondly,Besidethe
constantCourseofNature.Thirdly,Thatit'sdoneatMansPleasure,orattheMomenthewill.Now,whocanmakeout
bycertainArguments,thatnothingcanbedonebyevilDaemonsaboveHumanePower,besidetheusualCourseof
Nature,attheMomenttheMagicianpleases,sincetheboundsofAngelicalPowerareunknown,wecanhereassert
nothingbutfromExperience.Ibid.
7.ThosethatdenysomewonderfulFacts,forthemostpartcontendtheyarePraestigiabutbesidethat,theyaffirm
whattheyknownotthiswordmaybetakeninatwofoldSensePraestigiabysomearesounderstood,astho'Daemons
presenttotheSenses,athingthatisnot,asifitwereasthatanHouse,forIn|stance,mayseemtobetherewherethere

isnonebuttodothis,eithertheymovetheBrainofSpectators,asitswonttobemovedwhenanHouseisbeforethem
ortheypre|sentacertainsortofanAppearanceofanHouseintheAir,whichstrikestheEyesofSpectatorsbutchoose
eitherofthese,itmustbeshewnhowthisisnoMiracle,forbotharedoneaboveHumanePower,andbesidetheOrder
ofNature,andatthetimetheMagi|cianpleases.Ibid.
8.ThoseOpinions,orDiseasesoftheBrainwhichWitcheshave,whothinktheygotoFeastsandDancings,upontheir
talkingofittoothersthatareofatimorousDisposition,andweakBrains,bringothersintothesameFitsofFury,and
likeacontagionspreadfarandnear,infectingmanyHeads.Though
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it'sobservablethatthoseDiseasesaremorefre|quentamongInhabitantsofMountainsandSolitaryplaces,thanamong
thosethatliveinCities,oramongaConcourseofPeople.Whencealsoitappears,thattheTerrorofvastSolitudes,
whichisapttomovetheBrain,contributesmuchtothisMadnesswemustaddtothis,thatPersonsaboundingwith
Me|lancholy,aremorecapableofthisMadnessandonthecontrary,thosearefreestfromit,whoareofamerry
DispositionwhichraisesmySuspicion,thatalltheseVisionsarenoughtbuttheSportsofatimerousandme|lancholy
Brain.
Ifitshallseemstrange,thatsomanyMenshouldbeimpos'donbytheirfearandtemperofBody,allAdmirationmay
betakenawaybyInstancesofagreaterfurymanyDiseasessotroubletheBrain,thatthosethatlabourunderthem,
seemtothemselvestoseethingsthatarenowherethatkindofDiseaseifitbejoin'dwithavehementMotionofthe
Blood,andlastslong,itatlengthconsumestheDi|seas'dandiftheMotionoftheBloodabates,theDiseaseislessen'd,
andtheDiseas'dre|turnstoasoundMindbutiftheDiseasedoesnotsovehementlyaffecttheBlood,butthatitmay
continuealongtime,withoutdestroyingtheDiseas'd,oralesseningofhisstrength,strangethingsarepresentedtohis
MindformanyYears,asit'smanifestinmanyInstances.Norarethereonlythosewhothinktheyseewithout
themselvesthingsthatarenowherebutalsosuchasobstinatelyas|sertthemselvestobeWolves,orIknownotwhat
WildBeasts.WhoeverweighsthesethingswillnotwonderifOpinionsofWitchesareaccountedmelancholyDiseases.
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Yettho'thesethingsmaybeso,IwillnotaffirmthatthosethingswhichWitchesrelate,haveneverhappen'dbutfor
onethingthathastrulyhappen'd,IbelievetherehavebeenathousandDreamsofadeludedMind.SofarMonsieurle
Clerc.Sect.2.c.5.
But,toreturnalittletotheEpicureansandSadduces,perhapstheymaydesireofmeaclearDefinitionofaSpirit,or
suchanoneastheywouldlike.Now,Ithink,MonsieurleClerc,haswellansweredthis,inhisPrefacetohis
Pneumatologia,writingthus:Wecallallthingsendow'dwithanUnderstandingandaWill,Spiritsbutasweconsider

themasSpi|ritualSubstances,hesays,*hehasshewninhisLogick,thattheinwardNatureofanySubstances
whatsoever,aswellasthatofSpi|ritsisunknowntous,whereforeMenoughtnottoexpectfromusanabsolutely
compleatDescriptionofSpirits.
ButsincetheseGentlemenareforhavingallthingsmadeoutveryplainlytothem,letusexaminetheirPhysical
Principles,Demo|critusandEpicuruswouldhaveallNaturalEf|fectswhatsoever,toproceedfromaConfluxofAttoms
variouslyFigur'd,sothatineveryBodythereareParticlesthatareround,acumi|nated,square,cylindrical,striated,and
ofotherConfigurations,andthataccordingtothevariouslockingtogetherofthem,asub|jectisofthis,oranother
Figure,Operation,orEfficacy.
Now,asourLearnedDr.Willishasobser|ved,thisEpicureanOpinion,*rathersupposesthandemonstratestheir
Principles,andteachesofwhatsortofFigurethoseElementsofBodiesare,notwhattheyare,andalso
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inducesMotionsverysubtle,andremotefromourSenses,andwhichdonotsatisfiethePhae|nomenaofNature,when
wedescendtoPar|ticularsandthinksitconcernsthemtoshewthatthoseConceptionsoftheirsareRealhebeingtoo
shortsightedtodiscernthemso.
Again,AsforAristotle'sreasoningagainsttheExistenceofSpirits,inhisBookDeMun|do(ifitbehis)viz.thatsince
Godcandoallthingsofhimself,hedoesnotstandinneedofMinistringAngelsandDaemons,amulti|tudeofServants
shewingtheweaknessofaPrince.ButifthisArgumentwouldholdgood,AristotleshouldnotsupposeIntelligences
movingtheCelestialSpheres,forGodsuf|ficestomoveallwithoutministringSpirits,norwouldtherebeneedofaSun
intheWorld,forGodcanenlightenallthingsbyhimself,andsoallSecondCausesweretobetakenaway.Therefore
thereareAngelsintheWorldfortheMajestyofGod,notforthathewantsthemandforOrder,notforhis
Omnipotency:andwhotoldAristotletherewereIntelligencesthatmovedtheCelestialSpheres?IsnotthisHypothesis
asprecarious,asanyManmaypretendthatofSpiritstobe?AndIbelievetherearefewPhilosophersatpresent,who
agreewithAristotleinthatOpi|nion.Andindeed,IthinkKircherintheright,wherehetellsus,it'scertain,Aristotle
tookhisIntelligencesfromtheHebrews,whobeholdingtheMultiformfaceoftheWorld,*andthediscordingconcord
ofthings,believedittobegovern'dbycertainpresidingAngelsandhencealsotheFictionoftheNineMusestookits
rise.
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Moreover,whenAristotlelaysdownhisPrinciplesofNaturalThings,hetellsus,theyareMatter,Form,andPrivation,
unintelli|gibleTermsandwhenhecomestodefinehisMatter,hetellsus,itiswhatisneitherquid,norquantum,nor

quale,noraliquideorumqui|busensdeterminatur,anotableclearNotionofMatter,obscurumperobscurius,andI
thinknoManwillpretendthenotionwehaveofSpi|rits,tobemoreobscurethanthis.
Inshort,thosethatwilltakeuponthemtorectifyournotionsofthings,oughttobringusnotionsofthingsmoreclear
thanwhatwehave,especiallywhereReligionisconcern'dasinthiscaseitis,andYoungWits,whoarewellopinioned
oftheirParts,maydowelltotryhere,whattheycansuggesttousbe|yondwhatishereargued,andIamapttothink
whateverconceittheymayhaveofthemselves,theywillnotbefoundsoover|doinginArgument,buttheywillstillfind
avalidreplyreadyforthem.
CHAP.XII.ConsiderationsonDr.Bekker'sBooksagainstSpirits,withaConclusiontothisBook.

FRommannusinhisTractofFascination,*tellsus,thatVoetius,aboveallothers,hasmadeoutbyfirmReasons,that
thereissuchathingasDiabolicalandMagicalFascination,andthisheundertook,ashesays,becauseuponread|ing
Page348
Mr.Scot'sBook(inwhichhehasopenlydeny'd,andprofessedlyoppugn'dtheCrimeofMagick,andascribesallits
wonderfulef|fects,eithertoMelancholy,orothernaturalDiseases,ortotheArt,IndustryandAgilityofMen,imposing
onusbytheirPraestigia,ortothefoolishImaginationsofthesaidMagi|cians,ortotheirvainFablesandFictions)after
itwasTranslatedintoLawDutch,notafew,fromthattime,bothLearnedandUn|learnedbegantoScepticizeandturn
Liber|tinesconcerningMagick.
FromthisSource,Iconceive,amongotherWorks,theFourVolumesofthelateDr.Bek|ker,Entituled,Lemonde
enhant,thatis,theWorldBewitched(ofwhichtheFirstVolumeisTranslatedintoEnglish)haveflown:hegenerally
thereinagreeingwithMr.Scot,andrejectingallMagicalIncantations.
IndeedthegreatPrincipleDr.Bekkergoesupon,is,ThattherewereDevilsonceintheWorld,whocorruptedHumane
Nature,butsincethattime,GodAlmightyputtheminChains,sothattheyhavenevermadeanyFigureintheWorld
since,byactinganywayagainstMankind,orotherwise.
AsIperusedDr.Bekker'ssaidVolumesinFrench,IfoundsomePersonshadwritagainsthim,andthereuponIsentto
HollandforallthatwasWritagainsthim,andanyReply'shehadmadebutcouldgetonlyonesmallVo|lumewritby
MonsieurBinet,inFrench,En|tit'led,AgeneralIdeaofthePaganDivinity,ServingforarefutationofMonsieur
BekkersSy|stem,concerningtheExistenceandOperationsofDaemons.PrintedatAmsterdam,An.1698.ThisBookis
composedofSixLetters,writby
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Mr.BinettoaFriend,andIshallheregiveyouanAbstract,ofwhatIfindmostmaterialinthem,inreferencetoDr.
Bekker'sSystem.InhisfirstLetterhetellsus,HefindsinMr.Bekker'sWorks,muchZealandConfi|denceinadvancing
Novelties,butnoproofstoMaintainthem,andunlessyousufferyourselftobesurprizedwithacertainAirof
Tri|umph,wherewithheanimateshisExpressi|ons,youwillrunarisqueofremainingstillInchanted,especiallyifyou
denycertainPrinciples,whichhehaslaiddownwithoutproof,alltheWorkwillfallofitself.
Heobserves,thatwhereMr.BekkerspeaksofSpirits,allthingsseemtohimperplextwithdifficulties,youshallscarce
findapassageintheScripturethatspeaksofthem,allisMy|sterious,Allegorical.TheproperNamesofAngels,Devils,
Daemons,&c.arebutMensent,Calumniators,EvilThoughts,or,atmostmereSymbolstogiveussomeMetapho|rical
IdeaoftheMajestyofGod.
HenextcitesthePassagefollowingfromMr.Bekker'sPrefacetohisfirstVollume.
It'snowlook'donasapieceofPietyforaMantrulytoFearGod,andalsotheDevil:ifwedonotthis,aManpassesfor
anAtheist,thatis,foraManwhobelievesnoGodbecausehecannotbelievetherearetwo,oneGood,andanother
EvilbutIbelieve,sayshe,wemaywithreasoncallthoseMenDi|theistsorsuchasbelievetwoGods.OnthisPassage
Mr.Binetwritesasfollows.
ThisPassageextreamlyreflectingonourBelief,IhaverendereditwordforwordfromtheText,becausetheTranslator
hascorruptedit,byhisusualsoftnings.This
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AccusationwhichMr.Bekkerchargesuswith,ofmakingtheDevilaGodAlmighty,strikesanHorrormeanwhileit's
thefoundationonwhichhebuildshiswholeWork,it'stheIdolhewillpulldown,it'sinwhichtheforceofhisProofs
consists,andyoushallscarcereadaChapterinhim,butyouwillfindthisIm|putation.Butwhoeverbeliev'damongst
us,thattheDevil,properlyspeaking,istheab|soluteAuthorofalltheWorks,theysay,weascribetohim?WhatDivine
hasevercon|sider'dhimasaFirstandIndependentCause?IfweascribemuchPowertotheDevil,it'smanifestwe
speakwiththeScriptures,andiftherebeanythingwhichdoesnotagreewiththeAuthor'sConceptions,weusebutthe
Ex|pressionswhichtheHolyGhosthasConsecra|tedandthusallMr.Bekker'sObjectionsAd|dressthemselvestoGod
himself,whohasprescribedusawayofexpressingourselvesinthisrespect.
Again,hewritesbeneath.Youpretendtobewellgroundedinmaintainingthatweun|justlyascribetotheDevil,the
Worksthatareascribedtohim,becauseheisbutanInstru|ment,whoborrowsfromGodallhisActions,andIthinkwe
haveasmuchreasontosaythatwedeceiveourselves,inascribingtoManallhisoperations,sinceofhimselfhecando
nothingthereforeitwillnolongerbeManthatMoveshimself,Speaks,Eats,Drinks,butGodhimself,fortheDevil
andManareinthiscase,inreferencetoGod,oneandthesamething,inanequalImpo|tence,andanentire
Dependency.

YoumayobjectthatthiscomparisonoftheDevilwithManisnotJust:thebusinessisto
Page351
know,iftheonebetheAuthorofthosehighandsublimeOperationsthatareascribedtohimwhereas,weconsiderin
theotherbutactionsproperandnaturaltohimbutthisdifferencetho'realbetwixtthetwoCreatures,isbutameer
Illusion,inreferencetoGod,inwhichproperlyconsiststhestateoftheQuestion.WeconsidertheDevilalwaysasan
InstrumentinthehandofGod,asaRodofFury,whichstrikesbutwhenGodletsitfallonthosehewillVisit.To
explainthisfar|ther,IaskwhatvertuehadMosesorAaronandhisRodtodosomanyMiracles?toInflictsomany
PlaguesonPharoahandhisPeople?thesimpleRodinthehandofaMancouldnotproducesomanyMiraclesofitself,
butonewastheMinister,theothertheVisibleSignwhichGodaccompaniedwithaDivineEfficacy.Andwhatwould
yousayofaManthatwouldimputeittoustobelieve,thatMoses,AaronandhisRodwerethesolecauseofallthese
MiraclesifheinlargedhimselfinwritinggreatVolumes,andmakinglargeReflections,forgivingcolourtothis
Absur|dity?andinthemeantimetheScripturesays,Ex.8.5.ThatAaronhavingstretchtforthhisHandwithhisRod,on
theRivers,Brooks,andPonds,causedFrogstoIssuefromthemtocovertheLandofAegypt.Thereforewhenwe
conceivetheDevilasaRodofFury,withoutanyVertueofhisown,itisbutbyrelationtoGod,thefirstcausewho
precedes,determines,accompanies,bendstheCreature,howexcellentsoeveritmaybe.Butit'smani|festifyou
comparetheDevilwithMan,youwillfindmoreexcellencyinhisNature,lightinhisKnowledge,penetrationinhis
Sight,
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facilityandpowerinhisOperations,hisna|turalKnowledgeismoreextended,notonlybecausehebeholdsthingswith
amoresimpleview,butalsobyreasonoftheexperienceofallAges,whichdiscoverstohimtheconne|ctions,which
makeshimpenetratethebottomofNaturewhoseSprings,CausesandEf|fectsheknowsafteramoreperfectmanner
thanthegreatestPhilosopher:andit'sthisgreatKnowledgetheDevilhasofNature,whichteacheshimhowtomove
thevariouspartswhenceitisthatwe,whoknownottheseSprings,andthemannertomakethemact,arestrangely
struckatthesightofhisoperations,andthatwelookonasaMiracle,whatisoftenbuttheoperationofaDaemon,
producedbyCausesotherwiseapply'dandmoved,thanaccordingtotheordinarycourseofNatureandthusasthe
DevilhasmuchmoreLight,PenetrationandActivitythanMan,wemustnotdoubtbuthisPowerismuchsuperiourto
his.Youseethere|forethattheAuthor'sodiousImputationsva|nishofthemselves,andthatourDoctrineisneither
repugnanttoReason,norRevelation,nortotheIdeaoftheDivinePerfections.
AndIcannotcomprehendhowthesePer|sonswillfindoppositionbetwixttheAlmightyPowerofGod,andtheMinistry
oftheDevil,forbythisObjectiontheAuthorsooftenmakes,hewhollyoverthrowshisownHypo|thesis:Hewillhave
it,thattheclearanddi|stinctIdeaoftheDivinePerfectionsexcludetheoperationsofDaemons,thatthereisa

con|tradictioninbelieving,thatthoseSpiritsop|posethemselvestotheWillofGod:NowthisDevil,thisSatan,these
Daemons,accordingto
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youaresomeCalumniatingMen,someAd|versary,HumanePassions,IrregularMoti|onsoftheSpirits,whatyou
pleasebutyoucannotdenyatleastbuttheseMenthusCha|racterized,areasmanyEnemiesofGod,andofhisGospel,
Seducers,Persecutorsgivemeleavetoaskyouthen,whetheritbenotathingmuchmoreInconsistentwiththeIdeaof
God'sPerfections,toopposetohimselfweakCreatures,theseMortalMen,ratherthantheDevil,whoisaSpirit
disengagedfromMatter,ofaconsummateexperience.
Andbeneath.It'sinvainMr.Bekkerim|putestousthefearoftheDevil,noheisanEnemyovercome,theSeedofthe
WomanhasbruisedhisheadifhehasanyPowerre|maining,hederivesitfromGodalone,heisinhisHandasaRod
ofFurytoChastiseMen,andIfearhimbutastheChastisementsthatGoddisplaysbyhisMinistryaretobefear'd.You
seethenthattheAuthorCon|demnshimself,whilehavingestablishedforPrinciplethataccordingtous,this
abomina|bleandCurs'dCreaturedoesthingsmoreMi|raculousthanGodhimselfhaseverdone.Headds,That
supposingwhatisusuallyascrib'de|verywheretotheDevilandhisAngels,therecannotbeconvincingProofsthat
JesusistheChrist,orthatthereisbutoneGod:AndIcon|fess,sayshe,thatifIdonotpossesstheReaderwithaclear
Conceptionofthis,inwhatIhaveWrit,it'sinvainthatIhaveComposedit.NowsupposingthattheDevilactsbut
Mini|sterially,anddependentlyofGod,suppo|singthatweattributenothingtotheDevil,properlyspeaking,of
Miraculous,thatcanbeputinoppositionto,orparallelwiththe
Page354
WorksofGod,ourProofthatJesusistheChrist,andthatthereisbutoneGod,areex|clusivetoallother,inregardthat
itbeingveryfarfromtherebeinganyprerogativeinthisCurs'dSpirit,thatcanbeconfoundedwiththosewhichGod
possessesinthehighestde|greeofEminencyhehasdeprivedhimself,byhisrevolt,ofhismostpureadvantages,and
hasprecipitatedhimselfintoAbyssofMiseries,wheretheIdeaofsevereGodmakeshimtremble.
InhisFifthLetterhewritesthus.
BecauseatruthhasbeencorruptedbydiversFictions,mustitpresentlyberejected?thereisnoPrinciple,nonatural
Notionthatcanundergoethisexamen,withoutbeingcon|demned:thereisnonebuthasbeenillcon|ceivedandabused,
thentherewillbenonethatcanlawfullybeadmitted.Letuscon|cludethereforeingeneral,thattho'Menhaveerr'd
infiniteways,concerningtheDoctrineofDaemons,thattheyhavebeenconceivedasSubstanceseitherMaterial,or
Spiritual,ormixt,tho'somehaveplacedthemintheStars,othersontheEarth,othersinHelltho'therehavebeenas
manySentiments,asHeadsconcerningtheirOfficestho'theyhavebeencall'dSylphes,Gnomes,Salamanders,allthis

willbutproveatmostthatMenhaveillconceivedthenatureandoperationsofDae|mons,butnowaythatwemust
entirelyrejectthegroundofthisDoctrine,byreasonoftheFablesSuperstitionhasmixtwithit.
Andbeneath.Wreittrue,asit'sgather|edfromtheexposiionsofMr.Bekker,alwaysoppositetohimself,thattherewere
intheOldTestamentnoTermwhichsignifiedproperly,
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orthatcouldaccordingtotheGeniusoftheHebrewLanguageandtheusethen,signifiethoseSpiritswhichwecall
Satan,Devils,&c.theJewswouldhaveakentheseTermsintheirpropersignificationsothatbythisnameSatanin,
theyhadnotunderstoodSatans,An|gelsofDestruction,orofDeath,butonlyAdversaries,MenEnemiestoGodandhis
TruthSadduces,forexample,hadhadSt.PaulofIgnorance,forfollowingthesentimentsofthePharisees,whotook
theaffirmative,sincethePhariseeswouldhaveillunderstoodalltheTermsoftheOldTestament,whichhadsignified
Origi|nally,andaccordingtothethenuse,notAngelsandSatans,butonlyMeneitherGoodorEvil.IfthentheJews
wereImbibedinSubstancewiththecommonDoctrineofDe|vilsit'sbecausetheytooktheseExpressionseitherfor
thesepureandfavourableIntelli|gences,orfortheseimpureandadversarySpi|ritsandiftheyunderstoodtheminthis
Sense,beingthesamewhichtheHolyGhosthasus'dintheBooksoftheOldTestament,theywillhavethesame
Signification,andiftheyhavethesameSignificationtheywillconse|quentlybethesesameSpiritswhichoperatehere
belowforthereisnotonePassagewheretheseTermsarefound,butformallyteachesustheirOperationssothatit'san
un|contestablePrinciple,whichMr.Bekkerdidnotforesee,thatiftheOldTestamentteachesustheExistenceofDevils,
weoughtnecessa|rilytoinfertheirOperations,becausetheythereappeareverywhereoperating.
Page356
Again,IfthoseTermsoftheOldTesta|ment,whichsomepretendweabuse,toesta|blishtheOperationsofDaemons,
signifiepro|perlybutMendvsaries,andiftheHolyTonguehadneveremploy'dthemtoexpressthesewickedSpirits,it's
nottobedoubtedbuttheJewswouldhavethrownitinourDishyoushouldhaveseenthemexageratetheea|sinessof
theChristianstoadmitoftheOperationsofDaemons,asPa|gan,andreproachthemtheirgrossIgnorancein
UnderstandingtheHebrewTongue.Iftheyforbearit,andconcurwithusindefendingtheOpinionoftheOperationsof
Daemons,tho'theyhaveaddedtothemsomeFables,it'sbecause,thatbesidetheyknowthetrueSignificationofthese
Terms,andthatwedonotmakeuseofthemtocontendagainstthem,therewouldbetoomuchabsurditytocon|testthe
Senseofthem.
Wefind,accordingtoMr.Bekker,thatwhatwebelieveofDaemons,isinsubstance,butwhattheBabylonianstaught
theJews.It'swhatthisGradationfromtheBabylonianstotheJews,fromtheJewstothefirstChristians,fromthefirst
ChristianstothePapists,fromthePapiststotheProtestants,evidentlymakesoutbutIwonderGodhassuffer'dhis
ChurchalwaytobeinfectedwiththisError,andthatneithertheProphetsthatwereatBabylon,northosethatInstructed

theIsraelites,aftertheirreestablishment,whothundredwithsomuchvehemencyagainstErrors,didnotoppose
themselvestoaSuperstitionsogrossandIm|pious.
ChristcameintotheWorldtoDestroytheWorksoftheDevilhisProphetickOffice
Page357
oblig'dhimtoinstructtheIgnorant,andop|poseSuperstitionyouseehimeverywherereprehendingVices,and
thunderingagainstErrorswithoutanybearingothem:ButasfortheOperationsofAngelsandDevils,wefindnotthe
leastCensure,northeleastCor|rectionwouldhehavesuffer'dthesewan|deringsofMansMind,withoutrecallingitto
itsErrors,saysMr.Bekker,haveFoundationoftheChristianReligionandwouldJesusChristhaveleftthemintheir
fullvigourinusingthesameTermstheJewshadcorrupted,thePaganshadabus'd,andgivingthenthesameIdeas?
IftheJewshadcorruptedtheTermsofAn|gelsandDaemons,ingivingthemafalseSigni|fication,wouldJesusChrist
insteadofdissipa|tingthesePrejudicesoftheJews,havecon|firm'dthemintheirError,inexpressinghim|selfinthe
sameTerms,withouthavingrestor'dthemtotheirtrueSense,andinfomentingSuperstition,byfabulousExamplesof
Men,obsess'danddeliver'dfromDaemons?WouldtheApostleshaveAuthoriz'dError,inascribingeverywhere
OperationstoDevilswhichnei|thertheJews,norPaganscouldhavetookinanotherSense,thanthatwhichwasthen
inusecomparethisObjectionwiththe28thChapteroftheAuthor'sSecondBookforIpretend,thatthewayMr.
BekkerthereAn|swers,rendersmyObjectionwhollyunan|swerable.
InhisSixthLetter,hewritesthus:Mr.Bekkerowns,thatallthePagansAncientandModern,Europeans,Asians,
Africans,Ameri|cans,bothNorthandSouth,agreeinthesethreechiefPoints,whichareofanincontesta|ble
Page358
Truth.1.ThatthereisonlyonefirstBeing,oronesupreamDeity.2.ThatthereareSpiritsthathavehadaBeginning,
andthataredistinctfromHumaneSouls.3.ThatthoseSpiritsareeitherGoodorEvilandthatsomeofthemare
FriendstoMen,andothersEnemies.
SeeherethenalltheWorldimbib'dwithanOpinionofDaemonswhence,thatwhattheyknow,howerronusitmaybe,
mustbeknowntothembythewayofOperationandtosetthisTruthinaclearLight,observe:It'simpossible,thatone
selfsameBeliefuniversallydisperst,andconstant|lyreceiv'd,canbeentirelyfalseintheBot|tomIsayintheBottom,
nottoconfoundwiththeSubstanceofthisDoctrine,theer|roneousIdeasunderwhichithasbeencon|ceiv'd,andwhich
havebeendivers,accord|ingtothediversityoftheImaginion.

Andbeneath.Wecannotfindbyanycer|tainHistory,thattheAmericanshadanyCom|municationwiththerestofthe
WorldtilloflateYears,yetthisImaginationofDaemonshasbeenpreserv'damongthemforagreatnumberofAges,
notwithstandingtheirIg|norance,BrutishnessandExtravagances.
Youmaysay,youcannotmaintainthattheknowledgeofDaemonscarriestheCha|racterspropertonaturalTruths.God
hasnotimprintedthemintheImaginationandReason,howclearsoeveritmaybe,cannotraiseitselfsofarwithout
theaidofRevela|tionbutIsay,ifDaemonshavebeenuniver|sallyandconstantlyreceiv'dbyallthePeopleofthe
World,thisKnowledgemustflowfromsomesolidCause.Itcomesneitherfrom
Page359
theScripture,norfromReason,norfromtheImagination,it'sderiv'dthereforeonlyfromtheOperationsofDaemons.
Again,AsforthesurprizingOperationsofDaemonsontheIdolaters.Mr.Bekkersays,ThosewhoknownotGodas
Christians,knownotalsotheDevilbutaClownwouldhavereasontoLaughatMr.Bekker,ifhewouldpewadehim,
thatbecauseheknowsnottheNatureoftheSoul,andoftheBody,andtheLawsofMotion,heshouldnotpre|tendto
feelasoundBoxontheEargivenhimandit'sridiculoustodenytheOperati|onsofDaemonsonPeople,becausethey
arenotsogoodDivines,astoraisethemselvestotheKnowledgeofGod,andtheMysterieswhichhisWordhas
revealedtous,orbecausetheyareIgnorantofthetrueDoctrineofDaemons.SofarMr.Binet.
ThisAuthorhavingmadetheforegoingReflectionsonDr.Bekker'sFourVolumes,Ishallhavethelesstosaytothem.
However,asIthinkitproperformetoaddsomeCon|siderationsofmyown,Ishallfirstsetdown,asbrieflyasImay,
whatIfindmostMateri|alinDr.Bekker'sVolumes,deservinganAn|swer,andthenofferwhatIhavetoreply.
InhisFirstVolume,hesetsforththevari|ousOpinionsofPeopleintheWorld,con|cerningevilSpiritsandtheir
Operationsandhavingtheregiv'nanaccountofmanyChri|stianAuthors,aswellasothers,whohavecountenanc'd
theirOperationsinseveralre|spects,inhis22dChapter,hewritesthus:ButIfindnoAuthor,whointimepass'd,has
ascrib'dsolittleUnderstanding,andVertuetotheDevil,asforwhatrelatestoallthose
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KnowledgesandEffectssetforthbyme,asReginaldScot.WehaveatpresentAntonyVanDale,whoascribesnomore
tohiminhisBookofOracles.ThesetwoAuthorshold,thatthereisnootherefficientCauseofallthosethingsthatare
practis'dorwrought,buttheImpo|sturesofMen,theDevilhavingnothingtodointhem.IhearalsoeveryDaywhileI
amemploy'dinthisWork,thattheMenofthebestSenseamongus,ascribebutverylittlePowerandKnowledgetothe
Devil,andthattherearemanymorethanIthought,who,astoPersonspossess'dandbewitch'd,areofthesameOpinion
withMonsieurDail|lon,who,inwhathehaswritinFrenchcon|cerningDaemons,maintains,thatallthatiscon|tained

intheScripturesconcerningevilandimpureSpirits,oughtnottobeunderstoodotherwise,thanofcertainDiseases,to
whichtheJewswerewonttogivesuchNameshebelieving,nevertheless,thatitmightbethatevilSpiritscameatthe
sametimetoconcernthemselvesinit.Andbeneath,headds,MyscopehereistorelatewhatissaidoftheDe|viland
hisPower,andtoexaminewhetheritbetrueornot,andIholdtheNegativebe|causeit'smuchcontrarytometo
maintainanOpinionwhichascribessomuchPowerandVertuetoSpirits,especiallyevilSpiritswhereforeImustrank
myselfwithScot,VanDale,andmanyothers,whoareoppositetothebeliefMenhaveofthisPower.
Inhis24thChapter,.10.11.hetellsus,WehavealltheReasonoftheWorldtoholdforPaganLegends,allthePagans
havepublish|edconcerningMiracles,OraclesoftheirGods,aerealSpectres,Dreams,andsomanyother
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Prodigies,aswellasallthePapistsobtrudeup|onusinthatkind.Andhethinksit'sclearlyenoughprov'dbyallthe
CitationshehasmadeinthisBook,thattherearenoMira|cles,Oracles,Purgatories,ApparitionsofSpi|ritsorSouls,of
DiabolicalArtsandIllusions,orSorceries,byLettersandCharacters,orofChoiceofDays,neitherinJudaism,nor
Papism,butdrawsitsOriginefromPaganism.Wemustrejectallatonce,orleavealltosubsisttoge|ther,ofwhatkind
soeveritbeweoughttodischargeourselvesofallthesePrejudices,andjoynReasonwiththeScripturestogroundour
selvesonthem,andlookuponthosealoneaspureSources.
InhisSecondVolume,c.7..7.hewritesthus:AlltheLearnedagree,thatAffirmantiincumbitprobatio,buthethat
deniesathing,ordoubtsonlyofit,doesenoughwhenheal|ledgesReasonsofhisdoubtsandmuchmoreyetwhenhe
siftsandcuriouslyexaminesthoseReasonshemightexpectfromthePersonscon|cerned.It'swhathehasresolvedtodo
inthisplace:firstastowhathasneverbeenal|ledg'dbyReason,andafterwardsastowhathasneverbeentaughtbythe
Scriptures.
C.19..19.Hesays,ThattheDevilbythefirstSinthatwascommittedinParadice,istheCauseofallevil,and
consequentlyalltheevilthatisdone,oughtwithjustReasontobeimputedtohim.Andbeneath,Youcanfindnothing
thatcanprove,thattheDe|vilafterhavingseduc'dManatthebeginningoftheCreation,hashadsince,inPerson,the
leastPoweronhim,orhisActionsbutindeedthatalltheevilthateverhappen'd,orisstillcommittedintheWorldis
consider'dbyRea|son
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ofthis,asiftheDevilhimselfdidit.
C.20..19.Hesays,AsfortheFallofMan,it'scertainitwascausedbytheDevil,buttoknowthewayhow,it's
altogetherun|certain.

C.27..1.5.Hearguesthus:Asit'smani|fest,thatthatwhichhasnoExistencecanpro|ducenothing,whencecomesit
thattheDevils,oruncleanSpiritsdidthosethings,whichtheGospelmentions,andbythosethatwerepos|sess'dby
them?Ianswer,Thepretendedun|cleanSpiritsarealwaysnamedincaseofMa|ladies,andthatsoitwasunderstoodby
thosethatwereattaqued,orinfectedwithDiseasesandScourgesofGod,thatreign'datthattime.Andhesays,Ifyou
say,theApostlessinceChristhavenotfreedusfromthatError,thattheDaemonsarereallysuchSpirits,andthatthey
havesuchaPower,heanswers,Thisisnotsoeasilygranted,becauseEidola,falseGodsorIdols,andtheDaimoniaare
oneandthesamething.NowSt.Paultellsus,thattheIdols,orfalseGodsarenothingatall.
C.32..10.Hesays,AsforAngelshedoesnotdenybuttheyhaveappear'dsometimes,buthebelievesnotsomany
ApparitionsoftheDevil,.12.Heowns,thereareMenthatnaturallyseeSpectresandPhantomesmoreoftenthan
others,buthesaysit'sthenaturalDispositionoftheBodyoftheMan,ofhisBloodandSpirits,whichmakeshim
believehereallysees,whatheseesnofartherthanhebelieves.
C.33..10.Hesays,Heconcludes,thattheDevilhasnottheleastKnowledgeoftheWorld,norofthethingsthat
concernReligi|on,noroftheAffairsofFaith.
C.34..16.Hesays,Hehasshewnthat
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theDevilcandonothinginreality,norinappearance..25.Hesays,TheAngelsaretheMinistersofGodinallPlaces,
bothtoPu|nishMen,andtoProtectandDefendthembutasfortheDevil,heisGod'sPrisoner.Af|terwhichhehasno
moretosayonthisMatter.
InhisThirdVolume,C.1..6.Hesays,TheQuestionisnot,whetherthereareEn|chantments,orthelikebutwhatwe
oughttounderstandbyEnchantments,andinwhatitconsistswhetheritbeDeceit,Subtlety,Co|vertwickedness,&c.
orwhetherthosetheycallMagiciansreallyworkbytheDevil.
C.5..5.Hesays,HeisofOpinion,ThatwhattheAegyptiansdidwasonlyinAppear|ance,andnothingreal.
C.4..13.Hesays,IfwethinktofrightPeoplewithSpectres,toteachthemsomuchmoretofearGod,it'samiserable
thinginChristianity,thatPeoplemustbebroughttoGodbyaservileFear,whichnaturallymakesusflyGod,orthatwe
servehimwithoutlove.IfitbewiththisFear,withwhichweoughttoserveGod,hasnotChristrendredusapoor
Serviceforhavingdeliveredus?
C.22..18.Asforthosetheycallpossess'dPersonshesays,HeconfesseshehasnoKnowledgeoftheleastOperation
oftheDe|vil,ontheBody,intheBody,andbymeansoftheBody,nomorethanofthosesomewillhavehimdoonthe
SoulofManfornoneofalltheseevilSpiritseverwere,orareinanyplaceofalltheBible,Devilssocalled,butthe

evilSpiritsweretroublesomeTorments,andincurableIlls,ofwhichChristcuredmanyPersonsbyhissoleWord,and
assistedtheA|postleswhentheyundertooktodoit.
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InhisFourthVolume,C.2..1.Hesays,HehasshewnthattheAncientMagickwasnothingbutsurprize,orimposture
accordingtoalltheScripturesaysofit..3.Hesays,ThatallwhichMenthinktobeanActionofSpi|rits,byReasonof
thesubtletywithwhichit'sdone,isaneffectofsubtleandindivisibleSub|stances.Theknowledgeofthemostsubtle
Matters,andoftheextentoftheirMotionmayshewus,thatallthatiscommonlyascri|bedtoMagick,ortheOperations
oftheDevilmaybenatural.ThemostsubtlePartsofBodies,entringin,issuingforth,andpas|singthroughBodies,are
theCauseofalltheChangeswhichhappen..10.Hesays,Allhehassaid,istoshewthattherearesome|timesvery
surprisingthingsdone,whereofwecannotoutwardlyknowtheCauses,andwhichneverthelessoughttobeascribedto
theMotion,assembling,orseparationoftheselit|tleBodies,oneway,orother.
C.2..11.Hesays,Weshallnowexa|mine,whethertherehaseverhappenedintheWorld,thatanythingoftheNature
ofthosewecallApparitions,Phantoms,orMagick,thatoughtnottobeascribedtothoseAtoms,whichoften,in
movingthemselves,inseparating,orjoyningthemselvestooneanother,cancausethesameAspects,thesameSounds,
thesameMotionsinMen,andaboutthem,thatareascribedtoSpirits,ortheDevilinparti|cular.
C.34..10.Hesays,MentakethewordDevil,Satan,WitchandMagick,inquiteanotherSensethanit'sfoundinthe
Scripture,searchingwithalltheexactnessImaginable.SomuchfromDr.Bekker.
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OnwhatIhavesetforthfromthisAu|thor,aManhasroomtowritealargeVo|lumebutIshallcontractmyselfina
littlecompass.
AsforthisPersonsundertakingfromScrip|tureandReasontointroduceanewDoctrineamongstus,concerningEvil
Spirits,contrarytowhatthewholestreamofthoseLearnedTeachers,whohaveconvey'dReligiontous,have
constantlytaughtushitherto,Ithinkitmaybelook'duponasaveryboldandsur|prisingattempt.AndIbelievethe
LearnedpartofChristianswillconsidertheMatterverymaturely,beforetheypartwithaDo|ctrinesolongtaughtthem.
ItseemstomeastrangeConfidenceinDr.Bekker,andindeed,nolessthanthatofSocinus,andotherInnovators,that
throughaselfpresumingConceitofhisoutdoingin|sightintheScriptures,heshouldnowpretendtotellus,Thattho'
heallowsgoodAngelshaveappear'dsometimes,yettherehasbeennoDevilintheWorldsincehetemptedourfirst
ParentstosinwhereastheScriptureseverywherespeakasplainlyofEvilSpirits,andtheirOperationssincetheFall,
asofGoodSpirits.NeitherdoIbelieve,thatanyPersonadheringtoDr.Bekker'sDoctrine,willeverbeabletoassign

theleastReason,whyGodAlmightyshouldhavepermittedtheDeviltotemptManbeforetheFall,andnotsince.And
tho'Dr.Bekker,andDr.VanDalehaveshewnthemselvesMenofLearningyetweknowtherehavebeenmany
ProtestantDivines,sincetheReformation,whohavegiventheWorldmuchgreaterSpecimensoftheirInsightinthe
OrientalLanguages,whichtheotherssomuch
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pretendto,forinablingthemtoarightun|derstandingoftheScriptureswho,notwith|standing,nevertookthewords,
Devil,Satan,Witch,andMagickinthatsensetheyhavedone.
ButasfortheOriginofIdolatry,andtheDoctrineofDaemonsamongtheGentiles,IthinknoManhasbettersetitforth
thanKircher,inhisOedipusAegyptiacus,whomthoseAuthorshavenotpleas'dtotakenoticeof,asIthinkitmight
havebeenproperforthemheha|vinggivenanaccountofitquitecontrarytowhattheyhavewrit.ThisManhadallthe
AdvantagesthatagreatWritercouldhave:HehadgreatNaturalParts,us'dgreatIndu|stry,hadagreatCorrespondence
withtheLearnedinmostPartsoftheWorld,hadtheCommandofneartwentyLanguages,andtheFavourofmany
greatPrinces,whoas|sistedhimwithallsortsofBooks,andotherNecessariesforcarryingonsogreataWorkinwhich
heacquaintstheWorld,hespentTwentyYearsLabour,withaveryintentStudy.*InhisfirstTomeofhissaidWorkhe
writesthus:
St.Ambrosewiselyandtrulysays,thatHu|maneErrorwasthecauseofIdolatry:AndwithhimHermesTrismegistus,*
thattheOriginofthedetestableIdolatryoftheAegyptians,wastheErrorandIncredulityoftheirAn|cestors,inwhich
Aegyptalwayswallowed:ForastheydidnotapplytheirMindswithadueReverenceandConsiderationtotheWor|ship
ofthetrueGod,andtheDivineReligi|onandneverthelesswerepossestwithade|sireofsomeReligion,theyfoundout
theArtofmakingIdolsbutastheyknewnothow
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toanimatethem,usingwickedArts,andDiabolicalConjurations,andcallingforthDaemons,theyforc'dtheminto
themandtogivethemmoreVertueandStrength,theyconsecratedtothemAnimalsofdiverskinds,whichtheycalled
Sacred,adoringinthemtheSoulsofthosePersons,whohavebeenFa|mousforVertues,andFacts,theyhadper|form'd,
callingbytheirNamesthoseCities,thathadbeeneitherbuilt,orinstructedwithwholsomeLawsandOrdinancesby
them.TotheirHonouralsotheyinstitutedvariousSacrifices,whichsortofRitesandCeremonies,Mor.Isaack,a
Maronite,mostelegantlydescribesinhisSyrianPhilosophy,asfollows.
ThenaroseMenoftheSeedofCham,ha|vingcorruptManners,whoseMindswerecorruptedthroughIgnorance,and
Daemonsthatseduc'dthem,andtheytaughtonethingforanother,andthoughttheStarswereen|dowedwithaSpiritof
Intelligence,thattheyhadafreeLibertyandPower,andbydegreestheDevilmadethemErr,tilltheythoughttheStars

tobeCreatorsandMakersandtheygavetoeachStartheNameofaGod,andtheyWorship'dthemwithvarious
Ceremo|nies,fallingdownbeforethem,andadoringthemandtheysetupvariousIdolsintheirNames,andplac'dthem
onthetopsofHighPillars,andWallsofHouses,exhibitingtheirFiguresaftervariousMannersandtothesethey
offer'dVictims,andSacrifices,burningIncensebeforethemandtheDevilatcer|taintimes,speakingfromeachof
them,gaveAnswerstothosethatask'dthem,pre|dictingfuturethings,andrevealingthingshidden,andpresentlytold
ofthingsthatwere
Page368
doneinPlacesveryremoteandputThoughtsintotheirMinds,whichherevealedtoothersandhehasseduc'dvery
manyofthoseMeneventothisDay.NowtheseRiteswerepropertotheAegyptians,whichafterwards,passingto
others,infectedbydegreesthewholeWorld.
Now,fromwhatisheredeliver'dbyKircher,wefindwemayallowwhatDr.Bekkersays,viz.ThattheEidola,false
Gods,orIdols,andtheDiamoniaoftheGentiles,areinamanneroneandthesamethingandsaywithSt.Paul,that
theIdols,orfalseGodsarenothingatallforasthePagansadoredintheirIdolstheSoulsofPersons,thathadbeen
FamousforVertues,orgreatActionsdonefortheBene|fitofMankind,ortheirsuppos'dSpiritsoftheStars,these
indeedwerenothingtherebutastheyapply'dthemselvestothese,forreceivingAnswers,theydesired,orforbeing
otherwisegratifyedbytheminotherde|sires,itwastheDevilwhodeludedthem,ingivingthemAnswers,anddoing
otherthingsastheydesiredsothattheirConversationwaswithhim,whokeptthemincontinualIdo|latry,thoughthey
didnotdirecttheirWorshipdirectlytohim.
Soagain,KircherinhisSecondTome,ofhissaidOedipus,Part2.treatingofHieroglyphicalMagick,inhisThird
Chapter,whichtreatsconcerningtheDivinationsandOraclesoftheAegyptians,setsforth,thattheMindofManbeing
stillagitatedwithadesireofthegoodsbothofBodyandSoul,*andeagerlywishingtosecurethemperpetuallyto
himself,appliesitsStudytotheKnowledgeoffuturethingswhencetheDevil,asbeingEnemyofMan|kind,
Page369
layingasmanySnares,asthereareAp|petitesofHumaneMachinations,atlengthsetsuponhimwithanHopeofthe
Know|ledgeofthosefuturethings.NowtherearetwochiefNetshelays,AstrologyandPolymancybythefirsthe
teachestheLot,whicheachManhasgottenfromthefirstMinuteofhisNativity,astoagoodorbadFortunebythe
latterhepresents,asundertheVeilofna|turalCauses,variouskindsofDivinations,withwhichtheuncautious,while
theyunadvised|lygoabouttopursueGood,andshunEvil,arejustlydepriv'doftheeternalGood.TheseArtsCham,the
SonofNoah,firstintroduc'dintotheWorld,bytheInstigationoftheDe|vilwhichtheAegptians,instructedbyCham,
havetransfus'dintothewholeWorld,asitwerebyacertainHereditaryTradition.AsfortheirAstrology,hehastreated

amplyofitbe|fore,andherehetakesuponhimtogiveanAccountoftheirDivinations,andtheirOri|gine,and
concerningtheNatureoftheirOracles.
BeforeIgiveyouanAccountofwhathesays,concerningthelatter,IshallgiveyoutwoorthreeParticularsofwhathe
sayscon|cerningtheirAstrology.
InhisforementionedTome,p.141.hewritesthus:Idaresolemnlyaffirm,thatallourpre|sentJudicialAstrology,
relatingtoNativitiesandhoraryQuestions,retainseventothisDay,thatoccultpactwithDevils,whichtheAncient
AegyptianAstrologydid.
P.176.Hesays,TheAegyptiansdidnotsomuchascribetotheStars,astotheGeniipre|sidinginthem,theEventsof
thingshencetherewasanearnestdesire,care,andsolici|tude
Page370
torenderthemPropitious,bypreviousCeremoniesandSacrifices,otherwisethentheAstrologersofourTimesdeal,
whorashlya|scribetheFortuneofMentoacertainfatalnecessityoftheStars.
P.200.Hesays,TheAegyptiansheld,thatGodsorGenii,inhabitedtheStarsfortheythoughttheInferiorWorld
dependedontheirVertueandEfficacy,notbythepro|perinflusiveforceoftheStars,butbythedis|posingPowerofthe
Deities,whobeingseat|edintheStarsasanInstrumentfortheDis|positionofInferiors,&c.Asforwhatissaidmore
concerningtheirAstrology,IrefertheReadertotheAuthor.
AsfortheAegyptiansDivinations,andtheirOrigine,andtheNatureoftheirOracles,theythought,thatbesidethe
CelestialGods,therewerecertainmiddleNatures,whichtheycall'dAngels,Daemons,Genii,orTerrestrialGods,to
whichtheyascribedtheriseandfalloftheirOracles,andso,thattheOracleslastedsolong,asthesaidGeniicontinued
intheStatues,whichdeliver'dOracles,andthattheyceas'd,whentheStatuesweredesertedbytheGeniiorDaemons.
NowtheyaffirmedtheseGeniitoIn|habittheRegionbetwixttheHeavensandtheEarth,andtoconsistofHerbs,
Stones,Spi|ces,andotherTerrestrialMatters,contain|inganaturalPowerofaDivinityinthemandthataslivingnear
us,theywerejoynedtousbyafriendlyAllianceandtheythoughtthemtobeaffectedwithasingularLoveto|wards
Mankind,accordingastheirNaturebearspredictingfuturethingsbyOracles,andtakingcareofotherthingsbelonging
tous.WhereforetheyentredStatuesrightlypre|pared
Page371
byMen,andgaveAnswersfromthemtothosethatconsultedthemandstayedinthemmanyYears,bysomuchthe
morewil|lingly,byhowmuchtheStatuesweremadeofMattersmoreagreeingtothemandbyhowmuchthemore

skilfultheyweretode|tainthembySacrifices,Hymns,Prayers,andHarmonies,withwhichonlyAllurementsofthem,
theyaredelighted.AndTrismegistus,inhisPymandersays,theirAncestorshadnotaperfectKnowledgeofthe
celestialDeity,forGodbeingknown,theyhadnotcaredforterrestrialGods,butasbeinguncertainofhim,greatly
strayingfromtheDivineReligi|on,theyexcogitatedanArtwherebytheymightmakeGods,erectingStatuesandas
theycouldnotcreateSoulsforthem,theycalledtheSoulsofAngelsorDaemonsintothem,whichcameuponcalling,
bothbecausethePoweroftheseMenwasgreat,andbe|causeAngelsandDaemonshavesogreatanAlli|ancewithMen,
thattheyaredrawnbyanaturalObsequiousnesstothem.
ButtoreturntotheOracles,theyweretheRootandFoundationofallDivinationsandSuperstitionnordidtheDevil
alwaysgiveAnswerswithasensibleVoice,butdiscoveredwhathepleasedbycertainSigns.Hencefirstarosethe
variouskindsofRitesandCeremo|nies,withwhich,asitwerewithpreviousDispositions,theywerewonttopurgethe
Mind,thatitmightbecomeconsciousoffu|turethingsthenturningthemselvestovainobservances,theytookallthe
Ludibriaofob|viousthingsforAuguries.Butletusexplaintheminparticular.Ifindthat,inamanner,inallthe
PrefecturesofAegypt,therewasan
Page372
Oracle,fromwhichConsultersreceivedAn|swersconcerningvariousEventsnotthate|veryparticularOracleanswered
concerningeverythingproposedtothem,butonlycon|cerningthingsagreeingtotheirNature:ThustheOracleof
Serapis,aboutthingsthatconcernedAgricultureofAnubis,ofthingsrelatingtoSciencesofHorus,aboutthings
concerningthegoodoftheBodyandSoulofIsis,aboutthingsconcerningNilus,orFerti|litybuttheOracleof
Ammon,asbeingthemostFamousofall,gaveAnswersconcern|ingallthingsproposed.SoinInnumerableotherPlaces
Oraclesweresetup,allwhichgaveAnswersinobscurePlaces,obsess'dbyevilSpirits,byaVoice,Dreams,aGesture,
andaNodoftheStatues,byasound,aring|ing,orotherSignsandtheyweregivenei|therbytheDaemonhimself,or
byPythonists,orbyPriestsinspir'dwithaFatetellingSpirit,whichfromCaves,andobscuredeepVaults,withan
horriblesoundandnoise,rush'doutontheEnthusiasts,inthelikenessofFire,withwhichbeingwhollysurrounded,and
dri|venintoafury,theyutteredthosethingswhichtheDaemonsuggestedtothem,withaPalpitationofalltheirLimbs,
theirEyesturn'dupwards,andtheirMouthsdistorted.AfterthismannerSatantheArchitectofSu|perstitions,
insinuatinghimselfbystealthintotheMindsofMenbyIdolatry,madeithisBusinesstoinculcatetothem,devoted
Ser|vicesofRitesandCeremonies,bywhichtheyshouldWorshiphisCommentitiousGodsunderapretextofPietyand
Vertue,thatun|dertheseColourshemightinvolveandpol|lutetheminallkindsofImpietyandWicked|ness,
Page373
andderivetohimselftheHonourduetoGod.

AndastherewasnothingsoobvioustoourSenses,whichtheDaemondidnotassume,ascertainSigns,toshewhis
Will,andnillingtothosethatconsultedhimhencemanifoldkindsofDivinatoryMagickarose,henceissu|edthe
SpawnofallkindsofportentousSor|ceries,andDivinations,&c.SofarKircher.
Now,layingthisbeforeus,Imustsay,ThatnotwithstandingallDr.VanDalehaswritconcerningOracles,asbeing
whollycon|trivedbytheImposturesofMen,Imustwhol|lyassenttowhatKircherhasheresetforthcon|cerningthem
andthis,notonlybecauseKircher,andothers,havesodeliver'dittous,butchiefly,because,evenatthisDay,thereare
Persons,whouponcastingthemselvesin|toaTrance,andotherwise,can,anddopredictfuturethings,revealthings
hidden,andtellofthingsdoneinPlacesveryremote,liketowhatwasdonebytheOracles,asIhavesetforthinthis
Work,whichmustbeascribedtotheAgencyofevilSpirits,asIshallshewbeneath.
IndeedthatmanythingsintheAegyptianO|racles,weredonebytheImposturesoftheirPriestsit'swhatKircherfreely
ownsintheThirdTomeofhissaidOedipus,p.46.wherehewritesasfollows.
WehaveshewninseveralPartsofthisWork,thatDaemonsdidnotonlyspeakfromvariousStatues,asfromcertain
Oracles,butthatev'nPrieststhemselves,tokeepthePeopleinagreatercultandvenerationtowardstheGods,impos'd
ontheirSimplicitybythierCraftandtheuseofthesespeakingStatueswassofrequent
Page374
inAegypt,thattherewasscarceaPrefecturewithoutthemandsothatthechiefendofthePriestsseemstohave
consistedinthis,todrawDaemonsbyMagicalAdjurations,andva|riousIncantationsintoStatues,firstconsecra|tedby
dueRights,intheAdyta,andbeingdrawntoconsultthemconcerningvariousDemands.AndbecausetheDaemonsdid
notalwaysgiveAnswersagreeingtoTruth,butwhollyfool'dthosethatconsultedthemmanyways,hencethePriests
performingtheOfficeofaDaemon,andapplyingthemselvestoFraud,madeStatueswithsuchanArtifice,thatby
occultPipesconvey'dtotheHeadoftheSt|tues,theymutter'dVoices,asitwereoftheGods,andwhatAnswersthey
pleas'd,toim|poseontheSuperstitiousPeoplewhobeingdeludedbythisimpiousCheatofthePriests,weremoreand
moreanimatedtomakeOb|lations,andofferGifts,due,astheythought,totheGods,but,inTruth,tothosedeceitful
Priests,whothoughttheyhaddonesomegreatthing,ifwhatwasdonebytheCraftofafraudulentWit,obtain'dinthe
MindsofthesimplePeople,theOpinionofaDivineWorkoftheGods,andofaMiracle.SofarKircher.
ButtoconcludefromthiswithDr.VanDale,thatallthatpass'dintheOraclesoftheAnci|ents,wasdonebyHumane
Contrivance,with|outanyAgencyofevilSpirits,iswhatIcannowayassentto,fortheReasonabovegiv'n.
ToreturntoDr.Bekker.Astowhathesays,ThattheKnowledgeofthemostsubtleParticlesofMatter,andofthe
ExtentoftheirMotionmayshewus,thatallthatiscommonlyascrib'dtoMagick,andtheOpe|rationsoftheDevil,may
beNatural,and

Page375
thatallApparitionsandPhantomes,Sounds,&c.commonlyascribedtotheOperationsofDaemons,maybecaus'dby
theActionofthoseAtoms.Ishouldask'dhimhere,whethertheActionofthosesubtleParticlesofMattercanexertit
selftoanintellectualandvoluntaryAgency,(forthisisthetrueStateoftheQue|stion)andnottotellus,thatseemingly
occultSympathiesandAntipathies,andthelike,maybesolv'dthatway,whichweownmaybetrueandIthinkIhave
sufficientlyshewninthisBook,intheforegoingseveralHeadsofMenspreceptionofSpirits,thattheActionsIthere
ascribetoSpiritshaveresultedfromin|tellectualandvoluntaryAgents.Ifheshouldsay,theActionsofsuchsubtle
ParticlescouldarisetosuchAgencyIthinkIhavefairlyshewnbeforefromMr.Lock,andMonsieurleClr,thatthe
NotionsofMatter,andofanintellectualandvoluntaryAgent,areclearlydistinct,andincommunicabletoeachother.
Again,AsforhisraisingtheActionoftheParticlesofMattertothispitch,thiswouldequallytakeawaytheOperations
ofgoodSpirits,aswellasevil,whereasheallowstheformerSothatIthinkhehadbeenmoreconsonanttohis
Principles,insettingupforSadducismorEpicurism,denyingbothgoodandevilSpirits,thantotakeupwiththishalf
spiritedOpinion,whichIknownotwhetheranyManhaseverheldbuthimself.
IndeedwemayallowwhatDr.Bekkersays,ThatgoodAngelsmaysometimesPunishMenbyGod'sAppointment,as
wellaspro|tectanddefendthembutwesaytherehavebeenfrequentmanifestationsofwickedFacts,donebySpirits,
andsuchascouldnoway
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consistwiththeNatureofgoodAngels,there|foretheremustbeallowedofbothKindsunlesstheDoctor'ssubtle
Particlesshallsolveall.AndwhereasinhisSecondVolume,hesays,TheFactsascribedtoSpirits,*areperhapssuchas
aMan'sSpiritcando,aswhenaManpos|sess'dwithapretendedevilSpirit,speaksstrangeLanguages,whichhehad
neverLear|nedbefore:thishesaysmaybesolv'd,ifweembracetheOpinionofJustin,viz.thattheSoulsoftheDead
canenterintotheBodiesoftheLivingforthenhesays,Whymayitnotbe,thattheSoulofaMan,skill'dinmany
Languages,isthatwhichaftertheDeathofitsBody,speaksbythemeansofthatwhichisyetalive,thosesame
LanguageshehadlearnedLiving?But,hesays,HeisnotofthisOpinion,thoughthismaysufficetocon|vincethoseby
whattheysaythemselves,thatconfoundonethingwithanother,inbelievingthisoftheSoul,andthatthereareAngels
forthesameReason,whichExperienceprovesnotthatthereare,orthattheyexist.
Now,astothis,sincetheDoctordidnotholdtheOpinionofJustin,nordenythatstrangeLanguageshadbeenspoken
byIgno|rantPersonshemighthavedonewelltohaveexplain'dhowthatcouldbedonewithouttheAgencyofSpirits
andasforhischarg|ingthosewithaninconsistencythatholdthisOpinion,andwithalltheAgencyofSpirits,isitthat
becausesomeparticularPersonhassetupsuchanHypothesisforsolvingthatFact,theremustbenoSpirits?Sowe

knowthatMarcusMarci(whogenerallytakesuponhimtosolveallPhaenomenawithoutGod,An|gel,orDevil)hasset
upanotherHypothesis
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forsolvingthesaidFact,hesupposes,thatIdeasareconvey'dintoallPersons,withtheseminalPrinciples,derivedfrom
ParentsandAncestorsandthatwhentheseIdeas,uponcertaincriticalJunctures,cometoanEvo|lution,aManmay
cometospeakanyofthoseLanguages,whichanyofhisAncestorswereskilledin:ButwhatifMensetupsuch
Hypo|thesis,theQuestionwillstillbewhethertheseHypothesisaremorecogentuponourunder|standingfortheir
Admittance,thanthatofSpirits,orwhetherourReasonacquiescesmoreeasilyinthem?
AndIthink,*ImayherejustlychargetheseMen,asJustinMartyrdoesothers,inalikeCase,saying,Someopposeto
usMrcion,whoevennowteachesMentodenyGod,theMakerofallthingsinHeavenandEarth,andChristhisSon
predictedbytheProphets,andintroducesanotherGodbesidetheMakerofallthings,andalsoanotherSonbywhose
Authoritymanybeingsway'd,theyderideus,asthoughheweretheonlyManthatknewTruthandastheyhaveno
Demonstrationofthosethingstheysay,withoutallReason,beingseizedasLambsbyaWolf,theybecomethefoul
preyofMensDogma's,andofDevils.
Tandlerus,inhisAnswertoaQuestionpro|pos'dconcerningtheDivination,andotherwonderfulEffectsof
MelancholickPersons,firsttellsus,thatthoseMelancholickFactsorEnergiesmaybereduc'dtotwokindsoneis,of
thosewhoaresaidtohavespokenLan|guagesofwhich,whiletheywerethemselves,theywerewhollyIgnorant,orto
haveshewnanunderstandingofthoseArts,whichtheyneveracquiredtothemselvesbyLearningthe
Page378
otheris,ofthosewhoaresaidtohavehadacertainPowerandFacultyofdiscoveringoc|cultthings,ofcommemorating
pastthingsthatwereunknowntothem,andofpredict|ingfutureEvents,whoseTruthexperienceitself,atlength,has
shewntobeso.TothefirstkindbelongsthatrustickmentionedbyGuai|nerius,whoalways,theMoonbeingcom|bust,
madeVerses,andthecombustionbeingpass'dabouttwoDays,tillshecametoano|thercombustion,couldnotspeaka
wordofLatinandthisManhadneverLearnedLet|ters.AndherethatSaylersBoyhasplace,who,asForestustells,
havingreceivedaBlowonhisHead,ashepass'daBridge,inhisDelirium,alwaysmadeSyllogismsintheGerman
Tongue,andthatexcellentlyandthatafterwardsbe|ingcur'dheknewnothowtodoit.
OfthelatterkindwehaveRhasisaWitness,amongtheArabiansandAlexander,whowasinnomeanrankamongthe
AncientPhysici|ans,andamongthesePersons,hethinkswemaynotunfitlyplace,Exstaticks.

Now,hesays,ThereisaverygreatDis|sentionamongAuthors,inassigningtheCausesofthesestupendiousActionsof
PersonsseizedwithaMelancholyDistemper,somelaboriouslyinquireintothenaturalCausesofthem,othersascendto
Supernaturalasforthosewhoac|quiesceinnaturalCauses,hefindstwoSectsofthem.ThefirstisofAstrologers,
ascribingalltheWorksofMelancholickPersonstotheInfluencesoftheStars,asGuineriusdoes,buildingoncer|tain
PlatonickandAstrologicalPrinciples,hesays,ThattheSoulbeforeit'sinfus'dintotheBody,containstheKnowledge
ofallthingsinitself,butthatit'sinamannerabolish'd,bytheU|nion
Page379
withtheBody,withwhoseFettersit'sheldensnared,afterit'sinfusednorcanitbeotherwiserecovered,butby
teaching,orbyaninflux,orimpressionofthePlanet,whichpresidedoverhisNativityattheverytimetheSoulwas
infusedintotheBody.Hewillhavetheforceofthisimpressiontobesogreat,thatitmayendowtheSoulwitha
Facultyofpro|ducingsuchActions,astheStariswonttoproduceelsewheresothatitmaymakeawellMansick,and
asickManwellalsocauseSnowandRainbutthattheBodyandcorporealSensesresistthisImpression,especi|allyas
toKnowledges,itbeingotherwiseofefficacyenoughinitselftheseSensesthereforebeingbound,asithappensin
Me|lancholickPersons,andtheStarworkingontheSoulwithoutresistency,itcomestopassthattheSoulunderstands
allthingswithoutDiscourse,foreseesfuturethings,answersconcerningArts,towhichitinclinesbytheforceofthe
influencingPlanet.ThesecondSectisofnaturalPhilosophers,whoseeingthattheMindsofMenarevariouslyaffected
withtheMelancholickHumour,andthatmostthathaveexcelledothersinUnderstanding,orinLearningArts,orin
AdministrationofGovernment,orinperformingotherthings,werenaturallyMelancholick,theystucknottoascribeso
greatforcetoitforastherearemanyfound,whoarenaturallyenclinedtodiversArts,soMelancholy,theysay,is
natural|lyinclinedtoWorkwonderfulthingsandashighfermentedWine,immoderatelytaken,changesMens
Manners,andCausesthemtodifferfromthemselvessotheycontend,thatiftheMelancholickJuiceexceedsits
conve|nient
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MeasureinaPerson,orberendredmorehot,orcoldthanisfitting,getsacer|tainsingularforcewhollytochangethe
Mind,andtostirupwonderfulMotionsinit.
Now,Tandlerus,afterhavingstatedtheseOpinions,rejectsthemforthoughhedoesnotdenythePoweroftheStars,
forchangingthetemperamentofthewholeBody,andofeachofitsPartsinparticular,andforgivinganInclination
eitherfortheKnowledgeofTongues,orfordiversDisciplinesyetthishestiflydenies,thattheveryKnowledgeof
Tonguesisanywayconferr'dbytheStars,withoutteaching,ortheirusewithoutanyprecedentKnowledge,forcertain
ReasonshegivesnorcanheacquiesceintheirOpinion,whothinkthesekindsofProdigiesoughttobeascribedtothe
propertyoftheMelancho|lickHumourforthoughtherebeacertainoccultforceoftheMelancholickJuice,thatitmay
produceOperationscausingAdmirati|on,yetitcannotbesogreatastobegetaKnowledgeofLanguages,andofoccult

andfuturethingsthesecertainlyareowingtoasuperiorCause,notthatwhilehedeniesthesethingstohaveplacein
theMelancholickHumour,hethereforedenieswhatAristotlesays,viz.thatMelancholickPersonsare[gap:innon
Latinalphabet],thatishavedirectDreams,bywhichtheymayhaveaforepreceptionofcer|tainfuturethingsfor
therearetwokindsofDivination,onenatural,commontoMenwithBrutes,wherebywithoutDiscourse,bythesole
guidanceofNature,someAnimalshavea'foresenseofthings,aswellforavoidinghurtfulthingsthemselves,asfor
admonishingMenofcertainiminentEventssoAntshave
Page381
anatural'foresenseoftheapproachingWinterfromthegoingawayofSparrows,manyPhysici|ansbelieveweare
admonish'dofanapproach|ingPestilencesuchapresagingfacultyisof|tenfoundinsomeFools,whobyNaturehavea
vitiatedReason,inwhomdoubtlessNaturemakesarecompenceonewayforwhatittakesawayinanother.SoMarcus
Macisays,ThosewhoseMindsareemployedinSpeculations,*whichtakeuptheSoul,donoteasilyperceive
sympatheti|calImpressions,whencepresagingandpredictionsarewonttobesenttosimplePersons,ratherthanto
WiseMenandthathappensmuchmoretobruteAnimals,thannoMen,thosebeingpresentlyfilledwiththecelestial
Image,beingvoidofanyoftheirown.Thesamethingshaplysometimesoc|curinMelancholickPersons,especiallyin
thosewhomNaturehasparticularlybroughtforthsuch.TheotherkindisArtificial,whichisgroundedonan
observationofEvents,oroncertainSignsandbecauseitconsists,forthegreatestpart,inacomparingtogetherof
naturalCauses,aswellbetwixtthemselves,asoftheEffect,itisalsocalledNaturalthoughthisdependsofcertain
Rules,yettheInclina|tionofNaturewhichproceedspartlyfromthetemperamentandHumours,andpartlyfroma
fortunate,andmeetpositionofcer|tainStars,holdthechiefplaceinitforweseesomebyapeculiarguidanceof
Nature,beingcultivatedwithanindifferentknow|ledgeoftheStars,farmoretrulyandreadilytohitoutfuturethings
fromobvious,orlittlepreviousMarks,thanthosewhoexcelonlyinArt,beingdestituteoftheAidsofNa|ture.Nay,
somebythisveryforceofSpi|ritarriveatafullinsightinmanythings,
Page382
whichArtwithLabourwouldnotcometotheKnowledgeof,orattainwithDifficulty.SuchaFacilityofconjecturing,
sinceithap|pensforthemostpartinPersonsinclin'dtoMelancholy,whichhappilymaybeincreas'dbyafortunate
ConcourseoftheStars,IeasilygrantthatMelancholickPersonsarenotonly[gap:innonLatinalphabet],but
likewisethattheyexcelothersinthePredictionoffutureThings.ButherewespeakofanotherkindofDivination,
whenIgnorantPersons,withoutConjecturesandObservationofEvents,bringsecretThingstolight,Prophesieofthose
futureThingswhichareneitherknowntothemselves,norothersnay,whentheycometothemselves,theyknownot
thatanysuchthingwasdonebythem.Thesethings,hesays,hejudgescouldnowayarisefromanHumour,especi|ally
exceedingtheBoundsofNature.

Heconcludestherefore,ThattheDevilistheAuthorofallthesethings,tho'notalone,butjoin'dwiththeMelancholick
Humour,whichheexagitatesathispleasure,andcausescertainOperations,whichthatHumourhadnotbeenableto
producebyitsownforce.
SinceweareuponthisPointofIgnorantPeoplesspeakingunknownLanguages,IshallgiveyouoneparticularInstance
ofit,takenfromaLettersentbythelateLordLauderdaletoMr.BaxtrwhichLetterwasprintedAnno1691.inMr.
Baxter'sHistoricalDiscourseofApparitionsandWitches.Hetherewrites,a|mongotherthings,asfollows:
IshallheretellyouofarealPossessionneartheplacewhereIwasborn.AboutthirtyYearsago,whenIwasaBoyat
School,therewasapoorWomangenerallybeliev'd
Page383
tobereallypossess'd:Sheliv'dneartheTownofDunsintheMersandMr.JohnWeems,thenMinisterofDuns,(aMan
knownbyhisWorkstobeaLearnedMan,andIknowhimtobeaGodlyHonestMan)wasperswadedshewaspossess'd:I
haveheardhimmanytimesspeakwithmyFatheraboutit,andbothofthemconcludeditarealPos|session.Mr.Weems
visitedheroftenandbeingconvinc'dofthetruthofthething,he,withsomeneighbourMinisters,apply'dthemselvesto
theKing'sPrivyCouncilforaWarranttokeepDaysofHumiliationforherbuttheBishopsbeingtheninPower,would
notallowanyFaststobekept.IwillnottroubleyouwithmanyCircum|stancesoneIshallonlytellyou,which,Ithink,
willevincearealPossession.ThereportbeingspreadintheCountry,aKnightbytheNameofForbes,wholiv'dinthe
NorthofScotland,beingcometoEdenborough,meet|ingtherewithaMinisteroftheNorth,andbothofthemdesirousto
seetheWoman,theNorthernMinisterinvitedtheKnighttomyFather'sHouse(whichwaswithintenortwelveMilesof
theWoman)whithertheycame,andnextMorningwenttoseetheWoman.TheyfoundherapoorIgnorantCreature,and
seeingnothingextraordinary,theMinistersaysinLatintotheKnight,Non|dumaudivimusSpiritumloquenempresentlya
VoicecomesoutoftheWomansMouth,Audisloquentem,audisloquentem.ThisputtheMinisterintosomeamazement
(whichIthinkmadehimnotmindhisownLatin)hetookoffhisHat,andsaid,MisereurDspeccatoris:TheVoice
presently,outofthe
Page384
Woman'sMouth,said,Dicpeccatricis,Dicpecca|triciswhereuponbothofthemcameoutoftheHousefullysatisfied,
tookHorseim|mediately,andreturn'dtomyFather'sHouse,atThirlestaneCastleinLauderdale,wheretheyrelatedthis
Passage.ThisIdoexactlyre|member.ManymoreParticularsmightbegotinthatCountry,butthisLatinCriticism,ina
mostIlliterateIgnorantWoman,wheretherewasnopretencetodispossessing,isEvi|denceenough,Ithink.
SofartheLordLauderdale.

ThisleadsustoconsideranotherAssertionofDr.Bekker's,wherehesays,thatallthePossessionsmention'dinthe
Scriptures,werebutincurableDiseasesthattormentedMen,theDevilhavingnothingtodointhem,andofwhich
Christcur'dmanyPersonsbyhissoleWord.
AstothisGulielmusAdera,PhysicianofTolouse,PrintedaBookthere,Ann.1623.concerningtheDiseasesand
Diseas'dcur'dbyChrist.InthethirdPartofthisBook,heenquires,howtheDevilbecomestheexternalCauseofmany
Diseases.
Hetheretellsus,thatthosePersonswhomChristcur'd,weresuchastheInterpretersoftheScripturescallEnergumens,
orsuchaswerepossestwithanEvilSpirit,concerningwhomit'saCrimetodoubt:Nay,hesays,thosestriveand
contendagainstallTruth,Faith,Experience,andtheAuthorityofmostWiseandPiousMen,whoobstinatelydeny
thoseEnergumens,andPersonsobsestandpossestwiththeDevilandsetnoughtbyofthevexatiousPowertheDevil
hasinmovingnaturalCau|ses,andiftheobsestdoanythingexcessively
Page385
violentorstupendious,believeittobe,anda|scribeittoMelancholy,preternaturallymov'dintheBrain,orthewhole
Body.TheseMenbringitsotopass,thatbyunderstandingtheyunderstandnothing,whoexplodingthePow|erof
Daemons,accuseallancientWriters,andalltheFathersoftheChristianChurch,whoseNegligenceheshouldrather
choosetoimi|tate,thantheunaccountableDiligenceofthoseMen.
TodistinguishPersonspossest,fromthoseinfestedwithamelancholickEnthusiasm,hesays,thelearnedPhysician
MassariagivestwoSigns,whicharemostcertainMarksofade|moniacalseizure.First,ifaRustickorIdeotspeaks
GreekorLatin:Secondly,ifhepre|dictsfutureThings.Nowitisnottobedoubted,butthesethingshavebeenoften
ob|serv'dinmelancholickPersonsbyLevinusLem|niusandothers.*RiolanusbringsReasonsforit,andanInstancein
PhilaretusofSpoletto,whobeinginfestedwithWorms,fellintoanewkindofMadnesssothatinhisDisease,hespake
verywelltheGermanTongue.HuartusinhisScrutiniumIngeniorum,tellsusofaWo|manseiz'dwithaFrenzyina
greatFever,whospakeLatin,andpredictedmanythingsasaProphet.ShepredictedtoaChirurgionwholetherBlood,
thathewoulddiewithinaMonth,andthathisWifewouldafterMarryaNeighbourSmith,whichfelloutaccording|ly.
PsellusalsotellsusofaWomanwhobeingillafterChildbearing,spakeintheArmenianTonguewithacertain
ArmenianPhysician,tho'shehadneverseenanArmenianbefore,andknewnothingbutherChamberandDistaffe.
Page386
HethinkseveryManknowsittobeagreatanddifficultTasktodistinguishmelancholickPersonsfromsuchasare
possest:NoManasfarasheknows,havingasyet,givenustrueMarksofit.Hesays,therefore,thataManmust
inspecttheNature,Manners,Humours,andDispositionoftheDiseas'd.WhathedoesbesidetheusualNatureofthe

Disease,andoftheNatureofitsSymptomsastocryoutviolently,tobevehementlyagitatedandtor|tur'd,tocontract,
wrest,orextendhisLimbswithoutamanifestConvulsion,tobeDeliriouswithoutaFrenzy,tospeakprodigious
Things,anduseanunusualTongue.Inshort,todoorsufferthosethingswhichareveryunusualinDiseases.
Thesethingsbeingdiscover'd,asfarasaPhysicianmay,hemustexplainhowtheDe|vilbecomesthecauseofDiseases,
howheactswithnaturalCauses,entanglestheBodyinDistempers,stirsupSymptomswithsuchE|normity,thatitmay
bejustlydoubtedwhe|theritbeamonstrousDisease,orasevereDaemon.Andheconcludeswiththeunani|mous
AssertionofDivinesandPhysicians,thatit'sdonebytheDevil'smanagingoftheHumoursathisPleasureinthosethat
arelefttohim,wherebyhecancauseanEpilepsie,Palsie,andthelikeDiseases,asalsoBlindness,Deafness,&c.
IfanyonewonderswhyheawakensandstirsupFitsofDiseasesaccordingtotheMotionandQuartersoftheMoon,he
says,it'sbecauseatthattimetheHumoursbeingencreas'dbytheMotionandInfluenceoftheMoon,aremore
convenientlyagitated.
Page387
Andinhis8thCh.ofhissaidThirdPart,treat|ing,concerningtheDifferenceofanEpilepsie,fromadivineExstasie,
andthatwhichpro|ceedsfromtheDevil,hesays,adivineEx|stasieisasacredraptoftheMind,inwhichGod,bya
CondescentpresentshimselftoanyhumaneCreature,notbythemeansofanyDisease,orotherpreternaturalmorbifick
CausetheDoctrineofDivinesbeing,thatGodinsinuateshimselfintoourMindsbyaRapt,andthenshewsusbya
divineRepre|sentationthoseThingshepleasesweshallsee.ThereforeitisreallyGodwhoforciblydrawsMantohim
byanExstasie,nonaturalCause,northeMindspontaneouslymov'dforastheSunisnotseenwithouttheSun,so
nei|thercanGodbeknownwithoutGod.
IfyouhadseentheProphets,orothersraptinExstacies,youwouldhavebeenapttosaytheywerefallenintoan
ApoplectickorEpi|leptickSeisure,fortheyremain'dimmovabletheirEyesopen,andfixttowardsHeav'ntheirFaces
pale,eitherstandingupright,orbeingontheirKneestillbeingfill'dwiththelightofCelestialVisions,andsaturated
withafeastofholyThoughts,theyreturn'dtothemselves.Butit'seasietodistinguishthesefromEpilepticalPersons,
andweshallshewthatextaticalPersons,andsuchasareraptbyaDaemon,arenotEpileptical.
ChristianDivinesandPhysicians,agreethatDaemonsstirupRapturesandExstasiesinMen,bindingorloosingthe
exteriorSenses,andthat,eitherstoppingthePoresoftheBrain,thattheSpiritsdonotpassforth,asit'sdonenaturally
bySleep,orbyrecallingthesensi|tiveSpiritsfromtheoutwardSensestothein|ward
Page388

Organs,whichhethereretainssotheDevilrendersWomenWitchesexstaticalandMagicians,whowhiletheyliefast
asleepinoneplace,beingdeceiv'd,theythinktheyhavebeeninvariousplaces,anddonemanythings.
ThattheseExstasiesarenotEpileptickSei|sures,itappearsfromBodininhisTheatreofuniversalNature,wherehe
says,ThatthosethatareraptbytheDevil,feelneitherStripes,norCuttings,nornowrestingoftheirLimbs,norburning
Torches,northeburningofaredhotIron.Nay,noristhebeatofthePulse,northeMotionoftheHeartperceiv'din
them,butafterwardsreturningtothem|selves,theyfeelmostbitterPainsoftheWoundsreceiv'd,andtellofthingsthat
weredoneat600Milesdistance,andaffirmthem|selvestohaveseenthemdone.SofarBodin.
AnExstasiethereforeisanAbolishmentofSenseandMotion,andnotaDepravationofit,asinanEpileptickSeisure
forPersonsinanExstasieliewhollyimmoveable,inanEpi|leptickFittheyaremostviolentlyagitated.And,asBodin
says,DemoniacalExstaticksbreathforthanhorridstink:EpilepticksfoamattheMouth,andtheirSeedandExcrements
passfromthemthro'aviolentAgitationoftheMusclesandinfiniteEvilswhichDe|moniackscommitintheirRaptures,
shewthattheywerenotagitatedwithaConvulsion,butgavethemselvestoomuchtotheDevil'sCove|nants.NorneedI
saymuchconcerningthedifferencebetwixtaMadness,aSyncope,andaStuporcaus'dbynarcotickMedicines,andan
Exstasie.ForasBodinrightlyargues,aMad
Page389
Manisalwaysagitatedwithoutceasing,andaManraptinanExstasieliesimmoveable,destituteofallSenseand
MotionofallhisParts,andratherlikeaManseiz'dwithanApoplexy.ASyncopeisasuddenfailingofalltheStrength,
andsoonendsinDeath,oraRecoveryanExstasielastsalongtimewithoutthelossofaMan'sStrength.AStupor
caus'dbynarcotickMedicines,takesawaySense,notMotion,forotherwiseMotionbeingabo|lish'dtogetherwith
Sense,DeathwouldbeatHand,thereforeaStuporisnotExstasie.SofarDr.Ader.
TothisImayadd,*whatSennertuswritesoftheDemoniacalSoporofWitches,whothinktheyarecarriedthroughthe
Air,Dance,Feast,haveCopulationwiththeDevil,anddootherthingsintheirsleep,andafterwardsbelievethesame
thingswaking.Now,hesays,whe|thertheyarereallysocarriedintheAir,&c.orbeinginaprofoundsleep,onlydream
theyaresocarried,andpersistinthatO|pinionaftertheyareawake,theseFactsorDreamscannotbenatural,forit
cannotbethatthereshouldbesogreatanAgreementinDreamsofPersons,differinginPlace,Tem|perament,Age,Sex,
andStudiesthatinoneNight,andatthesameHourtheyshouldDreamofonesuchMeeting,andshouldclear|lyagree
ofthePlace,NumberandQualityofthePersons,andthelikeCircumstances.ButsuchDreamsaresuggestedfroma
super|naturalCause,viz.fromtheDeviltohisConfederates,Godpermittingit.WhencealsotothoseWitchesseriously
converted,andrefusingtobelongerpresentatthoseMeetings,suchDreamsnolongerhappenwhichisa
Page390

MarkthattheyproceedednotbeforefromanaturalCause.
Schottus,inhisBookDeMirabilibsEnergu|menorum,givesussomesignsforknowingDae|moniacks,andfirsthe
says,Arevealingofoc|cultthings,whichsurpassthenaturalKnow|ledgeoftheRevealers,isaprobablesignofa
Possession,unlesswemayrationallypresumeittobefromGod,oragoodAngel:Andthis,because,sincethat
revealingmustnecessarilybesuggestedfromsomeMindorSpirit,anditisnotfromtheprivateSpiritoftheMan,since
itsurpasseshisnaturalKnowledge,norfromGod,oragoodSpirit,asit'sprudentlysuppos'dofnecessityitmust
proceedfromanEvilSpirit.Hesays,it'saprobablesign,notcertain,sincethatrevealingmaybecaus'dbyDaemons
notpossessingaPerson,asitap|pearsbymanyHistories.Butifthereareo|thersignsit'saPresumptionthatthe
revealinginthesaidCircumstances,isfromaDaemo|niacalPossession.
Secondly,Hesays,aSkillin,andspeakingofunknownTongueswhichtheSpeakerne|verlearnt,isalsoaprobableSign
ofaPos|session,ifitmaynototherwiseberationallypresum'dthatitisfromGodoragoodAngel,becauseitcannot
naturallybe,thataPersonignorantofaTongue,shouldspeakit,sincewelearnnotforeignTonguesbutwithgreat
Labour.ThesameistobeunderstoodoftheKnowledgeofReading,Writing,Singing,andoftheKnowledgeofother
Sciences,ifaPer|sonhadneverlearntthem.LevinusLemniusthereforeliesunderaMistake,wherehetellsus,that
melancholickPersons,andsuchasareinafrenzie,thro'aferventebullitionoftheHu|mours,
Page391
andavehementagitationoftheSpi|rits,mayspeakvariousLanguages,tho'beforetheyknewnothingofthem.Schottus
theresetsforthmanyotherSignsofDaemoniacks,tho'notsocertainastheformer:andhesetsforthalsotheSigns
giv'nbyVoetiusandothersofthem,forwhichIreferyoutohisBook.
This,Ithink,isenoughinanswertoDr.Bekker'sAssertion,thattheDevilhasnothingtodoinDiseases.
AsfortheCavilsofmanyWritersagainstthepossibilityofacovenantingWitch,Iamthroughlyconvinc'd,thatifan
Apparitionpre|sentsitselftoanyPerson,asmanyhavetomyselfifthatPersonbefallenfromGod,andsunkinto
despair,thro'theMiseriesofhumanLife,havingnotthatChristianAr|mouronwhichSt.Paulspeaksof,hemaymake
aCovenantwithhim,aswellaswithaMan,andiftheysaytherecanbenoCove|nantwithaSpirit,howcomesitthat
therehashasbeenaCovenantbetwixtGodandMan?
ThereisonePointofDr.Bekker'sDoctrine,whichremainstobeanswer'd,wherehesays,ifwethinktofrightPeople
withSpectres,toteachthemsomuchthemoretoloveGod,it'samiserablethinginChristianity,thatPeoplemustbe
broughttoGodbyaservileFear,in|steadofLove.
NowthisseemsnottomesoextraordinaryaLessoninDivinity,for,asweknowtheLoveofGodtobethe
consummationofWis|dom,sotheFearofGodisthebeginningofitandIthinkaservileFearstillnecessarytothe
generalityofMankindforParentshaveRodsfortheirChildren,Mastersfortheir

Page392
Scholars,PrincesfortheirSubjectsandtho'allthreewouldpersuadethoseunderthemtodowhattheyareenjoyn'dfor
Love,yetsuchgenerallyisthereluctancyofhumaneNature,fromdoingwhatisenjoyn'dit,thro'anexorbi|tancyofour
Passions,thattillthesearebrokenbyaChristianorPhilosophicalTraining,orwearecometoaclearnessofJudgment,
byalongPracticeandExperienceintheAffairsofhumaneLife,LovealonewillnotdoandtheservileFearofthose
RodsmustbeupheldandtheScripturesteachusthatwemustbecontentwiththeBondWomanforawhile,tillwe
maydeservetoMarrytheFreeWo|man.
Thus,Ithink,Ihavesufficientlyanswer'dwhathasbeenstatedfromDr.Bekker.Butthereisonethingremainsforme
totakeno|ticeofinhim.InhisfourthVolumehehastakenuponhimtoexaminetheProofsthatarebroughtfrom
ExperiencefortheExistenceandOperationsofDaemons,andtorefutethem.Ihaveintimatedbeforehowgroundlesly
hehasthererejectedtheDaemonsofTedworthandMasconandhereIshallobservehowhere|jectswhatissaidofthe
PiperatHamelin:Hetellsus,thathisMasterSchookius,hasrefutedthatStoryinhislittleBookinLatin,Entituled,
FabulaHamelensis,ofwhoseReasonsheleavestheReadertojudge,andaddsmanySug|gestionsofhisownagainstit.
*Now,Frommannus,inhisthirdBookofMagi|calFsination,afterhavinggivenustheRela|tionofthisPiper,*asit's

setdownbyKircher,andSchottusandafterhavingtoldus,thatWierussays,ThisStoryisentredinthepub|lick
RecordsoftheTown,andPaintedin
Page393
theChurchWindows,ofwhichhimselfwasanEyeWitness,andthattheMagistratetherewaswonttodatethepublick
ActsfromtheYearofthegoingforthoftheirChildren,to|getherwiththeYearofChristandthatitsobserved,evento
thisDayinMarkoftheFact,thattheSoundofaTimbrelisneverad|mittedinthatStreet,bywhichtheBoyswentforth,
ifanyBridehap'lybeledforththatway,tillshebegoneforthnorisdancingpermittedthere.Isay,afterhavingset
forththis,hesays,ThatMartinSchookiusstronglyendeavouredinapeculiarlittleBook,torankthisstoryamong
fabulousRelations,butTheo.Kirchmeierusegregiouslyshammedallhiseffort,inapeculiarDisputationatWitteberg,
Anno1671.
Now,Dr.Bekker,hasnotbeensoCandidastotakenoticeofthisinFrommannus,asheoughttohavedonehehaving
readFromman|nus,asitappearsbyhisquotinghim,inhis4thVolume,c.2.
IcouldaddmuchmoreagainstDr.Bekker,butthisshallsufficeatpresent.
Andnow,beforeImakeanend,inre|gardthatinthefrontofmyBook,Ihavepro|mis'dsomeAccountofmyparticular
Expe|rienceastoasensiblePerceptionofSpirits,perhapsitmaybeexpectedfromme,thatIshouldsetforthsome
moreparticulars,thanIhaveyetdoneconcerningit.Astothis,Ishallonlysay,thatinregardIdonoturgmyown

Experience,asArgumentative,forprov|ingtheexistencyofSpirits,andtheirOperations,Ithinkitmaybelookedupon
asathingofmoreCuriositythanUsetoenlargeuponitthoughIshalladdthefollowingparticularsrelatingtoit.
Page394
Ideclarethen,withalltheSincerityofaChristian,thatitneversomuchasentredin|tomyThoughtstouseanypractice
forraising,orcallingSpirits,assomeMenhavedoneandthatwhentheycame,itwasaltogetherasurprizetome.At
theirfirstcomingtheydidnotappeartome,norcomeintomyChamber,butkeptatmyChamberWindows,andina
CourtadjoyningtooneofmyCham|berWindows,andinaGardenadjoyningtoanotherWindow.Theycalledtome,
sung,play'donMusick,rungBells,sometimescrowedlikeCocks,&c.andIhavegreatReasontobelievethesetobeall
goodSpirits,forIfoundnothinginthemtendingtoilltheirdriftincoming,asfarasIcouldper|ceive,beingonlyto
composemyMind,andtobringittoitshighestPuritytheyusednoThreatstome,butthesurprizekeptal|waysa
Terroruponme,andtheycontinuedwithmeabouttwoMonths.
TheirsecondcomingtomewassomeYearsafter,whenatfirsttherecameFive,asIhavesetforthinmyFourth
Chapterandpresent|lyaftertherecameHundreds,andIsawsomeofthemDanceinaRinginmyGarden,andSing,
holdingHandsround,notfacingeachother,buttheirBacksturnedtotheinnerpartoftheCircle.Ifoundtheseofa
pro|miscuousNature,somegood,andsomebad,asamongMenforsomeofthemwouldnowandthenCurseand
Swear,andtalkloosely,andotherswouldreprehendthemforit.Yetnoneoftheseeverperswadedmetoanyillthing
butallwoulddisswademefromdrinkingtoofreely,andanyotherir|regularityandifatanytimeIwasupon
Page395
goingtoanyNeighbouringTown,theywouldtellmetheywouldgowithme,whichIfoundtheydid,fortheywould
therecallatmyCurtain,bymyBedsside,astheyusuallydidatmyHouse,andtalktome.
BesidethesetwogreatVisitations,theyhavecometomenowandthenforsomeYears,andsometimeshavestay'dwith
meaWeek,some|timestwoorthreeDaysandallalongfromtheirfirstcoming,theyhaveveryoftensug|gestedthings
tomeinmyDreams,asnowandthentheydostill.AttheirfirstcomingIheardnonameofanyofthemmentioned,asI
didattheirsecondcoming.Ihadaper|ceptionofthembyfourofmySenses,forIsawthem,heardthem,andthreeof
themhadadarksmoakcomingoutoftheirMouths,whichseemedsomewhatoffensivetotheSmell,itbeinglikethe
smoakofaLampandthreeofthembidmetakethembytheHand,whichIdid,butityieldedtomytouch,sothatI
couldnotfindanysensibleresistencyinitneithercouldIperceiveanycoldnessinthem,asit'ssaidsomeApparitions
havehad.IdidnotaskthemmanycuriousQuestions,asIfindmanyMenthinkIshould,and,astheysay,theywould
havedonebutIalwayskeptmeonmyguard,andstillrequir'dthemtobegone,andwouldnotenterintosuch
Familiarilywiththem.IndeedIask'dthemonce,whatCreaturestheywere,andtheytoldme,theywereanOrderof
CreaturessuperiortoMan|kind,andcouldInfluenceourThoughts,andthattheirHabitationwasintheAirIask'dthem

alsoseveralthingsrelatingtomyownconcernsinthisWorld,andIfoundsome|timesbothintheirAnswers,andin
what
Page396
theysuggestedinmyDreams,thingsverysurprizingtome.Oneofthemlaydownup|onmyBedbyme,everyNight,
foraconsi|derabletime,andpretendedgreatkindnesstome,andifsomeothersatanytimewouldthreatenme,that
Spirittoldme,theyshoulddomenohurt.
Ifyouaskme,whetherIreallythinktheseApparitionstobeSpirits,oronlyaneffectofMelancholy,Icanonlysay,
whatSt.PaulsaidoftheNatureofhisRapture,Godknows,Iknownot,buttheyappear'dtomeReal.
Tandlerus,inhisDissertationconcerningMelan|choly,tellsus,ThattheaffectofMelancholychieflyhappensto
PersonsfromtheFortiethtotheSixtiethYearoftheirAge,andthatit'scontractedchieflyintheSummerandAutumn,
andcomestoanHeadintheSpringandImustownthatIwasaboveFortyYearsofAge,beforeanythinginthiskind
happen'dtome,butitwasaboutChristmas,thattheAppariti|onscametome,bothtimes.
AsforMelancholy,IknownotwhethermyTemperamentmayhavesomeallayofit,butIthink,Icarrymoreofa
Sanguine.In|deed,therewasthis,thatmighthelptoexalttheother.Whentheyfirstcametome,Iwasjustupona
recoveryfromanintermittentFe|ver,whichhadheldmeabovetwelveMonthsandIconfessatthattimeIwas
unfortunatelyinvolv'd,inanunnaturalSuitinLaw,withatoonearRelation,whichmightsomewhatdiscomposemy
MindandattheSpiritsse|condcoming,thatsuitinLawwascontinued,andIcannotsay,butatthattimeImighthave
beensomewhataffectedbythatsayingoftheWiseMan,Prov.25.SiDedastevino,oculitui
Page397
videbuntextraneas,nempe,visiones,&mirabilesApparitiones,asLavaterusexplainsit*butit'smuchifsuchan
occasionshouldcausethemtocontinuethenwithmeabovethreeMonths.
Icouldaddmanymoreparticularsofwhatpass'dbetwixttheSpiritsandmyself,forin|deedIkeptaJournalofitfor
someYears,aswellforwhatpass'dinmyDreams,asother|wisebutIshallforbeartotroubletheRea|derfarther,only
adding,thatastheseVisita|tionsofSpirits,gavemeanoccasiontoconsi|derhowfarHumaneReasoncouldbear,astoa
makingoutoftheExistenceofSpirits,andtheirOperations,soImustdeclare,Ifirmlybelieve,thatasthewholevisible
WorldhasproceededfromtheinvisibleWorld(whichwillholdgoodevenaccordingtotheEpicure|anDoctrine)so,
thatSpiritsbothgoodandbadareconcern'dintheAdministrationofit,asAgentssubordinatetothefirstCauseand
thisIadheretoaswellbyaMediumofReason,asthatofFaith,inwhich,Ithink,weareallboundtoacquiesce.Andit

appearsplaine|noughtome,thatthosethatwillnotsodo,willbutlosethemselvesinavertiginousDoxo|mania,and
nevercenter,inanysolidTruth.

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