Proposed Title of the Study

Important of Research Methodology and Research Process.

1. Introduction
Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. Once can also
define research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on
a specific topic. In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation. The
Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English lays down the meaning of
research as a careful investigation or inquiry especially through search for new
facts in any branch of knowledge. Redman and Mory define research as a
systematized effort to gain new knowledge. Some people consider research as
a movement, a movement from the known to the unknown. It is actually a
voyage of discovery. This inquisitiveness is the mother of all knowledge and the
method, which man employs for obtaining the knowledge of whatever the
unknown, can be termed as research. Research is an academic activity and as
such the term should be used in a technical sense. According to Clifford Woody
research comprises defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or
suggested solutions; collecting, organising and evaluating data; making
deductions and breaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the
conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis. D.
Slesinger and M. Stephenson in the Encyclopaedia of Social Sciences define
research as the manipulation of things, concepts or symbols for the purpose of
generalising to extend, correct or verify knowledge, whether that knowledge
aids in construction of theory or in the practice of an art.Research is, thus, an
original contribution to the existing stock of knowledge making for its
advancement. It is the pursuit of truth with the help of study, observation,
comparison and experiment. In short, the search for knowledge through
objective and systematic method of finding solution to a problem is research.

2. Statement of Problem.
The first and foremost stage in the research process is to select and properly
define the research problem. A researcher should first identify a problem and
formulate it, so as to make it amenable or susceptible to research. In general, a
research problem refers to an unanswered question that a researcher might
encounter in the context of either a theoretical or practical situation, which
he/she would like to answer or find a solution to. A research problem is
generally said to exist if the following conditions emerge (Kothari, 1988): This
is required for probing the desired objectives, such that they have doubts about
the best course of action to be taken. Thus, the components of a research
problem may be summarised as:
i. There should be an individual or a group who have some difficulty or
problem.
ii. There should be some objective(s) to be pursued. A person or an
organization who wants nothing cannot have a problem.
iii. There should be alternative ways of pursuing the objective the researcher
wants to pursue. This implies that there should be more than one
alternative means available to the researcher. This is because if the
researcher has no choice of alternative means, he/she would not have a
problem.
3. Literature Review
The study would be based on research material collected from primary as
well as Secondary Sources.
a) Primary Sources: - The primary sources include books, article from
journals and project work on the topic as well as the statute and rules.
Dawson, Catherine, 2002, Practical Research Methods, New Delhi, UBS
PublishersDistributors
Kothari, C.R.,1985, Research Methodology- Methods and Techniques,
New Delhi,Wiley Eastern Limited.

 Kumar, Ranjit, 2005, Research Methodology-A Step-by-Step Guide for

Beginners,(2nd.ed.),Singapore, Pearson Education.
b) Secondary Source.
www.thehindu.com
https://www.academia.edu/14820245/

other sites for review reference as well.

4. Research Methodology
Research Methods Versus Methodology:
Research methods include all those techniques/methods that are adopted for
conducting research. Thus, research techniques or methods are the methods that
the researchers adopt for conducting the research studies. on the other hand,
research methodology is the way in which research problems are solved
systematically. It is a science of studying how research is conducted
scientifically. Under it, the researcher acquaints himself/herself with the various
steps generally adopted to study a research problem, along with the underlying
logic behind them. Hence, it is not only important for the researcher to know the
research techniques/methods, but also the scientific approach called
methodology.
5. HYOTHESES
After analysing the data as stated above, the researcher is in a position to test the
hypotheses, if any, he had formulated earlier. Do the facts support the
hypotheses or they happen to be contrary? This is the usual question which
should be answered while testing hypotheses.
Various tests, such as Chi square test,

 T-test,
F-test, have been developed by statisticians for the purpose. The
hypotheses may be tested through the use of one or more of such tests,
depending upon the nature and object of research inquiry. Hypothesistesting will result in either accepting the hypothesis or in rejecting it. If
the researcher had no hypotheses to start with, generalisations
established on the basis of data may be stated as hypotheses to be tested
by subsequent researches in times to come.
Hypothesis-Testing Research Designs are those in which the researcher tests the
hypothesis of causal relationship between two or more variables. These studies
require procedures that would not only decrease bias and enhance reliability, but
also facilitate deriving inferences about the causality. Generally, experiments
satisfy such requirements. Hence, when research design is discussed in such
studies, it often refers to the design of experiments.
6. Objective of the Study-: The study is geared to achieve the
following objectives:
Objectives:-From the viewpoint of objectives, a research can be
classified as
descriptive
correlational
explanatory
exploratory
Descriptive research attempts to describe systematically a situation,
problem, phenomenon, service or programme, or provides information
about , say, living condition of a community, or describes attitudes
towards an issue.
Correlational research attempts to discover or establish the existence of a
relationship/ interdependence between two or more aspects of a situation.
Explanatory research attempts to clarify why and how there is a
relationship between two or more aspects of a situation or phenomenon.

 Exploratory research is undertaken to explore an area where little is

known or to investigate the possibilities of undertaking a particular
research study.

Inquiry Mode:
From the process adopted to find answer to research questions the two
approaches are:

Structured approach
Unstructured approach
7. Purpose and Aim of the Study
Whatever may be the types of research works and studies, one thing that is
important is that they all meet on the common ground of scientific method
employed by them. One expects scientific research to satisfy the following
criteria:
The purpose of the research should be clearly defined and common
concepts be used.
To permit another researcher to repeat the research for further
advancement, keeping the continuity of what has already been attained.
The procedural design of the research should be carefully planned to
yield results that are as objective as possible.
The researcher should report with complete frankness, flaws in
procedural design and estimate their effects upon the findings.
The analysis of data should be sufficiently adequate to reveal its
significance and the methods of analysis used should be appropriate.
8. Scope and Limitation

Research is a process of collecting, analyzing and interpreting information to

answer questions. But to qualify as research, the process must have certain
characteristics: it must, as far as possible, be controlled, rigorous, systematic,
valid and verifiable, empirical and critical.
Controlled- in real life there are many factors that affect an outcome.
The concept of control implies that, in exploring causality in relation to
two variables (factors), you set up your study in a way that minimizes the
effects of other factors affecting the relationship.
Rigorous-you must be scrupulous in ensuring that the procedures
followed to find answers to questions are relevant, appropriate and
justified. Again, the degree of rigor varies markedly between the physical
and social sciences and within the social sciences.
Systematic-this implies that the procedure adopted to undertake an
investigation follow a certain logical sequence. The different steps cannot
be taken in a haphazard way. Some procedures must follow others.
Valid and verifiable-this concept implies that whatever you conclude on
the basis of your findings is correct and can be verified by you and others.
Empirical-this means that any conclusion drawn are based upon hard
evidence gathered from information collected from real life experiences
or observations.
Critical-critical scrutiny of the procedures used and the methods
employed is crucial to a research enquiry. The process of investigation
must be foolproof and free from drawbacks. The process adopted and the
procedures used must be able to withstand critical scrutiny.
For a process to be called research, it is imperative that it has the above
characteristics.

9. Probable Outcome of the Study

Once the problem is formulated, a brief summary of it should be written down.

It is compulsory for a research worker writing a thesis for a Ph.D. degree to
write a synopsis of the topic and submit it to the necessary Committee or the
Research Board for approval. At this juncture the researcher should undertake
extensive literature survey connected with the problem. For this purpose, the
abstracting and indexing journals and published or unpublished bibliographies
are the first place to go to. Academic journals, conference proceedings,
government reports, books etc., must be tapped depending on the nature of the
problem. In this process, it should be remembered that one source will lead to
another. The earlier studies, if any, which are similar to the study in hand should
be carefully studied. A good library will be a great help to the researcher at this
stage.

10. Tentative Chapterization Scheme

11. Conclusion and suggestion.
12. Bibliography
Claire Sellitiz and others, Research Methods in Social Sciences, 1962,
p.50
Dollard,J., Criteria for the Life-history, Yale University Press, New
York,1935, pp.8-31.
C.R. Kothari, Research Methodology, Methods and Techniques, Wiley
Eastern Limited, New Delhi, 1988.
Marie Jahoda, Morton Deutsch and Staurt W. Cook, Research Methods
in Social Relations, p.4.
Pauline V. Young, Scientific Social Surveys and Research, p.30
L.V. Redman and A.V.H. Mory, The Romance of Research, 1923.
The Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, Vol. IX, Macmillan, 1930.