08 - Student Lesson 8 Pile Bearing & Acceptance Full

Student Manual
Lesson 8 Piles Bearing & Acceptance
Lesson 8
Piles Bearing and

Acceptance
8-1
Version 1.0- 06/2012
8-1
Student Manual
Learning Outcomes
Identify the 4 alternative methods and specs to

accept piles
Identify Bearing requirements
Identify when to stop driving and Accept pile
Identify when to stop driving and contact the PA
Identify when to stop driving and request a SetCheck
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Student Manual
Acceptance Methods
Standard Test Pile and Driving Criteria

100% Instrumented Piles with Test Piles
100% Instrumented Piles without Test Piles
Driving Criteria without Test Piles
8-3
We will cover mainly the first method which is the more frequently. After we understand the
principles behind this method will be easy to understand the other three methods.
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Student Manual
Acceptance Methods
Standard Test Pile and Driving Criteria:
Its how our Standards Specifications have been
written so far.
Test Piles are driven first and monitored. Information
is obtained during the Dynamic Load Testing to
determine production pile lengths and driving criteria.
Piles will be accepted when at least 24
consecutive driving achieves a blow count (generally
increasing) that meets or exceeds the blow count
criteria and the minimum penetration/minimum tip
elevation requirements are met.
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Student Manual
Acceptance Methods
100% Instrumented piles with Test Piles
All Piles, test piles and production piles are
dynamically tested and monitored.
Test Piles are driven first to determine production
pile lengths.
No Driving Criteria is required.
The PDA/EDC operator will stop the driving at 6 of
capacity if the minimum penetration/minimum tip
8-5
This method is covered in a developmental specs recently prepared and may be used with
Departments approval. Designers might desire to use this method as the required nominal
bearing capacity would be less.
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Student Manual
Acceptance Methods
100% Instrumented piles without Test Piles
No Test Piles. All production pile lengths are already
indicated in the plans.
All production piles are dynamically tested and
monitored.
No Production lengths letter is required. No Driving
Criteria is required.
The PDA/EDC operator will stop the driving at 6 of
capacity if the minimum penetration/minimum tip
8-6
This method is covered in a developmental specs recently prepared and may be used with
Departments approval. Designers might desire to use this method as the required nominal
bearing capacity would be less.
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Student Manual
Acceptance Methods
Driving Criteria without test piles:
No Test Piles. All production pile lengths are
already indicated in the plans.
The first production pile of every bent or pier is
monitored to establish driving criteria.
Piles will be accepted when at least 24
consecutive driving achieves a blow count (generally
increasing) that meets or exceeds the blow count
criteria and the minimum penetration/minimum tip
8-7
This method may be used if authorized by the Department under special circumstances. It is
expected to be addressed in the workbook of January 2013.
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Student Manual
455-5.10 Bearing Requirements

455-5.10.1 General:
. The Engineer may accept a driven pile when the
pile has achieved minimum penetration, the blow
count is generally increasing and the minimum
required bearing capacity obtained for 24 inches of
consecutive driving. At his discretion, the Engineer
may also accept a driven pile when the minimum
penetration is achieved and driving has reached
practical refusal in firm material.
8-8
Prior to starting the Project, the Inspector should ask the PA how they want a
decrease in blow counts, with an increased stroke height, handled. Typically,
because an increased stroke height equates to more energy being imparted to the
pile, less blows are required, as you will see in Driving Criteria Letters for Blow
Count vs Stroke Height criteria.
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Student Manual

455-5.10.2 Blow Count Criteria: The Engineer will
determine the number of blows required to provide the
required bearing according to the methods described
herein. Determine the pile bearing by computing the
penetration per blow with less than 1/4 inch rebound
averaged through 12 inches each of penetration. When
it is considered necessary by the Engineer, determine
the average penetration per blow by averaging the
penetration per blow through the last 10 to 20 blows
of the hammer.
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Student Manual

455-5.10.3 Practical Refusal: Practical refusal is defined
as 20 blows per inch with the hammer operating at the
highest setting or setting determined by the Engineer and
less than 1/4 inch rebound per blow. Stop driving as soon
as the Engineer determines that the pile has reached
practical refusal. The Engineer will generally make this
determination within 2 inches of driving. However, the
Engineer will in no case approve the continuation of
driving at practical refusal for more than 12 inches. When
the required pile penetration cannot be achieved by driving
without exceeding practical refusal, use other penetration
aids such as jetting or Preformed Pile Hole.
8-10
The Inspector should be sure to check the Driving Criteria Letter as it may provide a
different definition of Practical Refusal, which would supersede the specification.
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Student Manual

455-5.10.4 Set-checks and Pile Redrive:
(a) Set-checks: In the event that the Contractor has
driven the pile to approximately 12 inches above cutoff without reaching the required resistance, the
Engineer may require the Contractor to interrupt
driving up to two hours prior to performing a setcheck. Provide an engineers level or other suitable
equipment for elevation determinations to determine
accurate pile penetration during the set-checks. There
will be no separate payment for an initial set-check.
In the event the result of an initial set-check is not
satisfactory, the Engineer may direct additional setchecks.
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Student Manual

455-5.10.4 Set-checks
(Continued)
and
Pile
Redrive:
. For each additional set-check ordered by the

Engineer within two working days from the end of
original driving, the Contractor will be paid an
additional Set Check. The Engineer may accept the
pile as driven when a set-check shows that the
Contractor has achieved the minimum required pile
bearing and has met all other requirements of this
Section.
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Student Manual

455-5.10.4 Set-checks and Pile Redrive:
(b) Pile Redrive: Pile Redrive: Pile Redrive consists
of redriving the pile after two working days from
original driving to determine time effects, to
reestablish pile capacity due to pile heave, or for other
reasons determined by the Engineer. Redrive piles as
directed by the Engineer.
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Student Manual
What Determines When to Stop Driving
Driving Criteria Letter

Minimum Tip Elevation
Penetration Requirements
Practical Refusal
Cutoff Elevation
8-14
Perhaps the most important duty that the Inspector performs is determining when to
Stop Driving.
This decision can be made to do a set-check, or practical refusal has been
encountered or to accept the pile, to name a few.
The Driving Criteria Letter (Covered in detail in Lesson 5, Test Pile Program)
generally provides all of the guidance needed for determining when to accept a pile.
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Student Manual
Driving Criteria Letter

..may be stopped if one of the following.
Practical refusal (20 blows per inch with at least

a 7.0 foot stroke)...and tip is at or below the minimum
tip elevation of 1.0 foot.
The required blowcount versus its respective stroke
is achieved for two consecutive feet and tip at or
below the minimum tip elevation of 1.0 foot
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Student Manual
Cutoff Elevation
This decision is not as much as a Pile Acceptance, but:

Avoid potentially driving pile past the cutoff elevation
Potentially perform Set-Check
Can have financial ramifications
NEED TO THINK
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Student Manual
Acceptance Determination-Driving Criteria

Yes
Yes
Is There a Minimum Tip

Elevation Specified in the
Plans ?
Have You Reached the

Specified Minimum Tip
Have You Met the Driving Criteria

Specified by the
Geotechnical Engineer With
Blow Counts Increasing for 2 ft.
Yes
Stop
Accept
Pile
Yes
No

Minimum Penetration
Requirements of 455-5.8
No
Yes
No
Have You Reached

Practical Refusal as
Described in 455-5.10.3
(20 Blows/1)
No
Is the Pile 1 ft.
Or less of the Pile
Cutoff Elevation
No
No
Stop for Setcheck As
Contact PA
Yes
No
Have You Reached

(20 Blows/1)
Yes
Stop- Contact
PA
Keep
Driving
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Student Manual

Yes

Plans ?
No
NO
INTERMEDIATE BENTS 2 & 3
Pile driving of the 18 PSC 50 foot, 180 ton design load piles may be stopped if one of the following
conditions is met:
1.
Practical refusal (20 blows per inch with at least a 6.0 foot stroke) is reached during driving and the pile
has achieved the minimum penetration requirements specified in 455-5.8.
2.
The required blowcount versus its respective stroke is achieved for two consecutive feet, and the pile has
achieved the minimum penetration requirements specified in 455-5.8.
The blow counts per foot required for respective stroke heights are as follows:
Yes
8-18
In the first excerpt from the Driving Criteria Letter shown above, there is a Minimum
Tip elevation specified, -32.0 ft.
Where as below, you can see that no Minimum Tip elevation was specified.
IN T E R M E D IA T E B E N T S 2 & 3
NO
P ile d riv in g o f th e 1 8 P S C 5 0 fo o t, 1 8 0 to n d e s ig n lo a d p ile s m a y b e s to p p e d if o n e o f th e fo llo w in g

c o n d itio n s is m e t:
1.
P ra c tic a l re fu s a l (2 0 b lo w s p e r in c h w ith a t le a s t a 6 .0 fo o t s tro k e ) is re a c h e d d u rin g d rivin g a n d th e p ile

h a s a c h ie v e d th e m in im u m p e n e tra tio n re q u ire m e n ts s p e c ifie d in 4 5 5 -5 .8 .
2.
T h e re q u ire d b lo w c o u n t ve rs u s its re s p e c tive s tro k e is a c h ie v e d fo r tw o c o n s e c u tive fe e t, a n d th e p ile h a s

a c h ie v e d th e m in im u m p e n e tra tio n re q u ire m e n ts s p e c ifie d in 4 5 5 -5 .8 .
T h e b lo w c o u n ts p e r fo o t re q u ire d fo r re s p e c tiv e s tro k e h e ig h ts a re a s fo llo w s :
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Student Manual
Yes
Have You Reached

the Specified
Minimum Tip

Minimum Penetration
No
No
Yes
This you would
calculate.
You either have or
have not.
455-5.8
Penetration
Requirements
Yes or No
8-19
Have You reached the specified Minimum Tip Elev?

You would determine this by calculation, which is:
Reference Elev. - Length of Pile below the Ref. Elev.
Have you reached the Minimum Penetration Requirements of 455-5.8?
Look at your driving log- have you achieved it? Contact Project
Administrator.
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Student Manual

Have You Met the Driving
Criteria Specified by the
No
No
Have You Reached

(20 Blows/1)
Yes
Yes
INTERMEDIATE BENTS 2 & 3
Pile driving of the 18 PSC 50 foot, 180 ton design load piles may be stopped if one of the following conditions
is met:
1.
Practical refusal (20 blows per inch with at least a 6.0 foot stroke) is reached during driving and the
pile has achieved the minimum penetration requirements specified in 455-5.8.
2.
The required blowcount versus its respective stroke is achieved for two consecutive feet, and the
pile has achieved the minimum penetration requirements specified in 455-5.8.
The blow counts per foot required for respective stroke heights are as follows:
Stroke (ft)
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
Blows/foot
94
83
71
63
8-20
The Engineer specified a specific driving criteria to be achieved for 2 consecutive

feet. Based upon the driving log, has this been achieved?
Practical Refusal is very well defined. If not in the driving Criteria Letter, refer to
455-5.10.3.
Should the Contractor choose to continue driving of the pile after achieving the
specified criteria, they do so at their own risk.
IN TE R M E D IA T E B E N T S 2 & 3
P ile driving of the 18 P S C 50 foot, 180 ton design load piles m a y be stopped if o ne of the
follow ing conditions is m et:
1.
P ractical refusal (20 blow s per inch w ith at least a 6.0 foot stroke) is reached during driving and the
pile has achieved the m inim um penetration requirem ents specified in 455-5.8.
2.
T he required blow count versus its respe ctive stroke is achie ved for tw o consecu tive feet, and the
pile has achieved the m inim um penetration requirem ents specified in 455-5.8.
T he blow counts per foot required for respective stroke heigh ts are as follow s:
S troke (ft)
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
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B low s/foot
94
83
71
63
8-20
Student Manual
Is the Pile 1 ft
Or less of the Pile
Cutoff Elevation
No

Contact PA
455-5.10.4 Set-checks
and Pile Redrive
(Production Piles)
Yes
No
This you would calculate.

You either are or are not.
8-21
Is the pile within 1 feet of Cutoff?

We dont want to drive the pile beyond cutoff if not necessary. That commits the
State to paying additional funds for splicing, etc. Because a set-check performed
within 15 minutes of driving is free, we want to take advantage of it, especially if we
are close to the criteria. Contact the Project Administrator.
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Student Manual
Learning Outcome
Determine when to accept a pile based upon
provided driving criteria or contract documents.
Go to the following
pages for exercise
Situation 1
Situation 2
Situation 3
Situation 4
8-22
Following are four different situations. Please go to the end of the chapter. Based
upon what has been reviewed, determine the correct path for each situation.
The first Driving Criteria Letter is to be used for Situations 1-3.
The second Driving Criteria Letter is to be used for Situation 4.
Proceed as directed by the Instructor.
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Student Manual
Situation 1
Yes
Yes

Plans ?


Specified by the
Yes
Stop
Accept
Pile
Yes
No

Minimum Penetration
No
Yes
No
Have You Reached

(20 Blows/1)
No
No
Have You Reached

(20 Blows/1)
Yes
No
Is the Pile 1 ft
or less of the Pile
Cutoff Elevation
No

Contact PA
Yes
Stop- Contact
PA
Keep
Driving
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Student Manual
Situation 2
Yes
Yes

Plans ?


Specified by the
Yes
Stop
Accept
Pile
Yes
No

Minimum Penetration
No
Yes
No
Have You Reached

(20 Blows/1)
No
No
Have You Reached

(20 Blows/1)
Yes
No
Is the Pile 1 ft
or less of the Pile
Cutoff Elevation
No

Contact PA
Yes
Stop- Contact
PA
Keep
Driving
8-24
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Student Manual
Situation 3
Yes
Yes

Plans ?


Specified by the
Yes
Stop
Accept
Pile
Yes
No

Minimum Penetration
No
Yes
No
Have You Reached

(20 Blows/1)
No
No
Have You Reached

(20 Blows/1)
Yes
No
Is the Pile 1 ft
or less of the Pile
Cutoff Elevation
No

Contact PA
Yes
Stop- Contact
PA
Keep
Driving
8-25
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Student Manual
Situation 4
Yes
Yes

Plans ?


Specified by the
Yes
Stop
Accept
Pile
Yes
No

Minimum Penetration
No
Yes
No
Have You Reached

(20 Blows/1)
No
No
Have You Reached

(20 Blows/1)
Yes
No
Is the Pile 1 ft
or less of the Pile
Cutoff Elevation
No

Contact PA
Yes
Stop- Contact
PA
Keep
Driving
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Student Manual
Acceptance 100% Instrumentation

Yes
Yes

Plans ?

Have You measured the required

Nominal capacity Specified by the
Plans for at least
6 consecutive inches
Yes
Stop
Accept
Pile
Yes
No

Minimum Penetration
No
Yes
No
Have You Reached

(20 Blows/1)
No
Is the Pile 1 ft.
Or less of the Pile
Cutoff Elevation
No
No
Contact PA
Yes
No
Have You Reached

(20 Blows/1)
Yes
Stop- Contact
PA
Keep
Driving
8-27
Note: In this case when no capacity is achieved, piles may be stopped for set-check at
about 6 above cut-off.
However for simplicity, we will keep the set-check target at 1 ft. just be aware that we still
can drive 6 deeper than in the case of standard driving criteria.
The flow chart is similar to the Driving Criteria acceptance process. The differences are:
-No Driving Criteria. Capacity is measured.
-Only 6 inches are required (as opposed to 24 inches) of capacity
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8-27
Student Manual
Learning Outcomes
Identify the 4 alternative methods and specs to

accept piles
Identify Bearing requirements
Identify when to stop driving and Accept pile
Identify when to stop driving and contact the PA
Identify when to stop driving and request a SetCheck
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Student Manual
Questions?
ANY
QUESTIONS ?
8-29
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8-29

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Student Manual

Lesson 8 Piles Bearing & Acceptance

Piles Bearing and

Version 1.0- 06/2012

Lesson 8 Piles Bearing & Acceptance

Identify the 4 alternative methods and specs to

Version 1.0- 06/2012

Lesson 8 Piles Bearing & Acceptance

Standard Test Pile and Driving Criteria

Version 1.0- 06/2012

Lesson 8 Piles Bearing & Acceptance

Version 1.0- 06/2012

Lesson 8 Piles Bearing & Acceptance

Version 1.0- 06/2012

Lesson 8 Piles Bearing & Acceptance

Version 1.0- 06/2012

Lesson 8 Piles Bearing & Acceptance

Version 1.0- 06/2012

Lesson 8 Piles Bearing & Acceptance

455-5.10 Bearing Requirements

Version 1.0- 06/2012

Lesson 8 Piles Bearing & Acceptance

455-5.10 Bearing Requirements

Version 1.0- 06/2012

Lesson 8 Piles Bearing & Acceptance

455-5.10 Bearing Requirements

Version 1.0- 06/2012

Lesson 8 Piles Bearing & Acceptance

455-5.10 Bearing Requirements

Version 1.0- 06/2012

Lesson 8 Piles Bearing & Acceptance

455-5.10 Bearing Requirements

. For each additional set-check ordered by the

Version 1.0- 06/2012

Lesson 8 Piles Bearing & Acceptance

455-5.10 Bearing Requirements

Version 1.0- 06/2012

Lesson 8 Piles Bearing & Acceptance

What Determines When to Stop Driving

Driving Criteria Letter

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Lesson 8 Piles Bearing & Acceptance

Driving Criteria Letter

Practical refusal (20 blows per inch with at least

Version 1.0- 06/2012

Lesson 8 Piles Bearing & Acceptance

This decision is not as much as a Pile Acceptance, but:

Version 1.0- 06/2012

Lesson 8 Piles Bearing & Acceptance

Acceptance Determination-Driving Criteria

Is There a Minimum Tip

Have You Reached the

Have You Met the Driving Criteria

Have You Reached the

Have You Reached

Have You Reached

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Lesson 8 Piles Bearing & Acceptance

Acceptance Determination-Driving Criteria

Is There a Minimum Tip

INTERMEDIATE BENTS 2 & 3

P ile d riv in g o f th e 1 8 P S C 5 0 fo o t, 1 8 0 to n d e s ig n lo a d p ile s m a y b e s to p p e d if o n e o f th e fo llo w in g

P ra c tic a l re fu s a l (2 0 b lo w s p e r in c h w ith a t le a s t a 6 .0 fo o t s tro k e ) is re a c h e d d u rin g d rivin g a n d th e p ile

T h e re q u ire d b lo w c o u n t ve rs u s its re s p e c tive s tro k e is a c h ie v e d fo r tw o c o n s e c u tive fe e t, a n d th e p ile h a s

08 - Student Lesson 8 Pile Bearing & Acceptance Full

08 - Student Lesson 8 Pile Bearing & Acceptance Full