UP

Academic League of Chemical Engineering Students (UP ALCHEMES)

Academic Affairs Committee - Reviews and Tutorials Series, A.Y. 2015-2016
Physics 73 LE 1 (SOLUTIONS)

Taken from 1st Long Problem Set A, 2nd Semester 2012-2013

Temperature and Heat
=

Thermal Properties of Matter

9
+ 32
5

(1)

5
= ( 32)
9

(2)

= + 273.15

(3)

3 3 4 4
=

3
4

(20)

= \

(21)

]^<=_`<= b4
=

(22)

( 4 )cd = 3(b4 )cd

(23)

5
= ()
9

(5)

= ()

(6)

89,8^8c< =

3 3
=
4 4

(7)

89,]^<_`<=

(8)

89,]^< =

T = 89:;<=

89:;<=

= (273.16 )

89:;<=

= A

(19)

= \ ]^<=_`<=

(4)

(18)

9
()
5

(17)

3

2
3
3
=
=
2 \
2

(27)

(10)
]=cV =
(11)

cd

(12)

(13)

P Q
P Q
=
=

V=8 = {

]^<=_`<=

4 4

d,]^V^c8^]:_ =

]=cV = ]=cV =

= = =

(26)

=
9]X =

(25)

3

2

(9)

= A = 3A

(24)

d,j:c8^]:_ =

(14)

d,X^<:j = 3

(15)

]; =

(16)

cd =

5

2

2
]^<=_`<=

(28)

(29)

4 4 2

3

2

(30)
(31)
(32)
(33)

8

]^<=_`<=

(34)

(35)

First Law of Thermodynamics

m4

(36)

m3

4
3
=

3
4

(37)

(38)

; = d +

(39)

;
=
d

(40)

:j=c< qcX = d (4 3 )

(41)

rs3

3 3

rs3

= 4 4

(42)

3 3 = 4 4

(43)

cj:ctc8:_ = d (3 4 )

(44)

cj:ctc8:_

1
=
( 4 4 )
1 3 3

(45)

Second Law of Thermodynamics

= P Q
Pu

=

P

^88^ = 1
=

(46)
(47)
(48)

rs3

(49)

_c9V^8

(50)

Qc9V^8

Q
=

P _

(51)

= ln
4
= ln
3

Q
=1
P

9=d=9X:t<= =

(52)
(53)

(54)

1. A. Use Eq. (3) to convert the given to C

hyperbolic profiles in PV diagrams.

and then use Eq. (1) to convert to F.

15. B. Same procedure in # 13.

2. E. Use Eq. (8) and solve for T.

16. D. Use Eq. (28) and solve for vrms. Take note that the

3. B. Thermometers actually measure their own

given molar mass is in g/mol and cannot be directly

temperature. We can conclude though that the

substituted.

thermometers temperature is the same as the object if

17. C. Solve first for vrms using Eq. (28), calculate v/vrms,

they are in thermal equilibrium (in accordance with the

then refer to the table.

zeroth law of thermodynamics). Thermal equilibrium is

18. E. Use Eq. (30) and solve for . Observe units

approximately reached by contacting the thermometer

consistency.

and the object for a certain amount of time.

19. B. The degree of freedom due to rotational motion is

4. D. Use Eq. (10) to solve for V.

also frozen out at very low temperatures.

5. A. Solve for V0 using the given radius then use Eq.

20. D.

(10) to solve for V.

21. D. Solve for T2 using Eq. (12). Take note that molar

6. D. Given the percent L/L0 and , solve for T using

heat capacity is given by Eq. (32).

Eq. (9).

22. A. Solve for the area under the path of the process as

7. D. If assumed that the final state is a liquid with

constructed in a PV diagram.

temperature between 0 100 C, the T calculated by

23. B. Use Eq. (37) to solve for W.

using Eqs.(12) and (13) would be greater than 100

24. A. Expansion causes positive work.

C. This means that the initial assumption is incorrect.

25. E. The internal energy of an ideal gas is dependent

The most probable correct assumption is that the final

only on temperature. As a consequence, isothermal

temperature is 100 C, where all the ice were melted

processes involving ideal gas results to no change in its

and x amount of steam was condensed. With the help of

internal energy.

Eqs. (12) and (13) and the concept that the overall Q is

26. E. Substitute U = 0 to Eq. (38).

0, the value of x was calculated as 0.61, which justifies

27. C.

the assumption for the systems final state.

28. C. Based on Eq. (45), work is greatest

(See Ex 17.10 in University Physics)

on polyatomic gases since they have the

8. E. Use Eqs. (12) and (13) and the concept that the

lowest .

overall Q is 0 to solve for miron.

29. A. Combine Eqs. (39) and (40).

9. D. The amount of heat needed in the process is 2.256

30. D. Use Eq. (42). Remember that to use this formula,

x 106 J as calculated using Eq. (13).

temperature values must be in kelvins.

10. C. Use Eq. (14) to solve for H. Observe units

31. A. Use Eq. (47). It is unnecessary to use the given

consistency.

amount of heat discarded to the environment (Qc).

11. C. Use Eq. (15) to solve for H. Observe units

32. C. Use Eq. (48).

consistency.

33. D. Solve first the efficiency of the Otto engine using

12. E. Use Eq. (14) and solve for k.

the given values of expelled and absorbed energy. Note

13. C. Cancel T1 and T2 in Eq. (19) and solve for V2.

that Eq. (47) still applies for the Otto engine.

14. B. Isotherms of ideal gases have

Afterwards, calculate r using Eq. (48).

34. D. Use Eq. (49) to solve for K. It is unnecessary to use

the given temperatures and the amount of heat

discarded. In refrigerators/aircons Qc is the heat

extracted, unlike in heat engines where it is the heat

discarded.

35. E. Combine Eqs. (49) and (46) to solve for QH/t.

36. B. Given QH and QC, combine Eqs. (49) and (46) to

solve for K.
37. E. This is a part of the engine statement/KelvinPlanck statement of the 2nd law of thermodynamics.
38. D. Work is required to transfer heat from colder to
hotter body. The statement violates the
refrigerator/Clausius statement of the
2nd law of thermodynamics.
39. A. The mechanism describe is actually similar to that
of heat pumps.
40. D. The Carnot efficiency only depends on the
temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs and not on
the working substance.
41. C. Using the given TH and TC, calculate
K using Eq. (51).
42. B. Use Eq. (52). T is constant so we can place it
outside the integral. Substitute mgh to Q.
43. C. Use Eq. (52). For the melting of the ice, T is
constant so we can place it outside the integral. For the
temperature change up to 30 C, substitute Eq. (12) (in
terms of infinitesimal changes) to dQ then solve.
(See Ex. 20.5 and 20.6 in University
Physics)
44. D. Solve for w2/w1 using Eq. (54).
45. E. Given that w2/w1 is equal to 1/3, use
Eq. (54) to determine S.