Mark Scheme (Result s)

Summer 2007
GCE

GCE Chemistry (6244) Paper 01

Edexcel Limited Registered in England and Wales No 4496750

Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London W

General Guidance on Marking

Examiners should look f or qualit ies t o reward rat her t han f ault s t o penalise. This does NOT mean giving
credit f or incorrect or inadequat e answers, but it does mean allowing candidat es t o be rewarded f or
answers showing correct applicat ion of principles and knowledge.
Examiners should t heref ore read caref ully and consider every response: even if it is not what is expect ed
it may be wort hy of credit .

Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an alternative response.

Using t he mark scheme

The mark scheme gives you:
an idea of t he t ypes of response expect ed
how individual marks are t o be awarded
t he t ot al mark f or each quest ion
examples of responses t hat should NOT receive credit .
Candidat es must make t heir meaning clear t o t he examiner t o gain t he mark. Make sure t hat t he answer
makes sense. Do not give credit f or correct words/ phrases which are put t oget her in a meaningless
manner. Answers must be in t he correct cont ext .
1
2
3
4
5

/ means t hat t he responses are alt ernat ives and eit her answer should receive f ull credit .
( ) means t hat a phrase/ word is not essent ial f or t he award of t he mark, but helps t he
examiner t o get t he sense of t he expect ed answer.
[ ] words inside square bracket s are inst ruct ions or guidance f or examiners.
Phrases/ words in bold indicat e t hat t he meaning of t he phrase or t he act ual word is essential t o
t he answer.
ecf / TE/ cq (error carried f orward) means t hat a wrong answer given in an earlier part of a
quest ion is used correct ly in answer t o a lat er part of t he same quest ion.

1.

(a)

602

elect ron af f init y (of O)

elect ron af f init y (of O)

( 150) ( 2186) ( 249) ( 657) LE

nd

(1)

Correct answer only wit h no working (1 max)

(LE =) -3844 (kJ mol ) (1)

-1

(LE =) -(+657)-(+249)-(+2186)-(+150)+(-602) (1)

OR

Hf

OR 1 and 2

st

H 3 1 plus 2

nd

(1)

H 2 (Ent halpy of ) at omisat ion (of Mg)

st

(1)

H 1 (Ent halpy of ) f ormat ion (of MgO)

EXPECTED ANSWER
Mg2+(g) (+) O2- (g)

(iii)

(ii)

(i)

6244/ 01

Recognisable abbreviat ion

such as EA f or elect ron
af f init y.

ACCEPT

any incorrect sign in algebraic

expression (0)

Doubling elect ron af f init y and/ or

at omisat ion values scores (0)

REJECT
if st at e symbols missing
If 2e included in box

(2)

(3)

(1)

MARK

(b)

(iii)

Charge densit y

charge (on ions)

Theoret ical value based on

purely/ 100 % ionic model

covalent charact er (st rengt hens lat t ice) (1)

Mark each aspect independent ly

Smaller
OR more endot hermic
OR Less negat ive
OR Lower

Less (exot hermic) (1)

(1)

Dist ance bet ween ions

OR Sum of (ionic) radii
OR Type of cryst al st ruct ure
OR Madelung const ant

Radius/ size (of ions) (1)

(ii)

Mg ion
I ion OR iodine ion

(i)

ACCEPT
(Mg ) polarises (I ion)
dist ort ion if clearly linked
t o t he iodide ion
2+

EXPECTED ANSWER
The elect rons around t he iodide ion are drawn
t owards t he magnesium ion

Any implicat ion of magnesium

iodide being totally covalent

Higher/ great er

atomic radius

Wrong polarisat ion e. g.

magnesium ion is polarised
I polarises Mg2+

REJECT
Any ref erence t o at oms or
molecules
e. g. Mg polarises. .
iodine/ I/ I2 is polarised

(2)

(2)

(1)

MARK

(c)

(i)

Mark each aspect independently

Is dissolved t o f orm an
inf init ely dilut e solut ion
OR
Is dissolved in a
large/ excess/ inf init e
amount of wat er

Just hydrat ed
Just complet ely hydrat ed

Added t o wat er / react s

wit h wat er inst ead of
dissolved

IGNORE st andard condit ions

REJECT
Any implicat ion of an
endot hermic process
e. g. energy required

. 1 mol of gaseous atoms

ACCEPT
Energy or heat

is dissolved such t hat f urt her dilut ion causes no

f urt her heat change (1)

EXPECTED ANSWER
Ent halpy change when 1 mol of gaseous ions (1)

(2)

MARK

(ii)

H LE

H HYD ) (1)

( 2874)

( 2374) ( 1360)

H LE

H HYD ) (1) st at ed in words or

so Hsoln less exot hermic/ more endot hermic/ more

posit ive f or BaSO4 so less soluble
OR so Hsoln more exot hermic/ more negat ive/ less
endot hermic f or MgSO4 so MgSO4 more soluble (1)

symbols

H SOLN

(but ) lat t ice energies change less (1)

OR
(bot h) lat t ice energies and hydrat ion ent halpies
decrease f rom MgSO4 t o BaSO4 (or down group) (1)

Ent halpy of solut ion of MgSO4 less endot hermic/ more

exot hermic/ more negat ive t han f or BaSO4, so MgSO4
more soluble t han BaSO4 (or reverse argument ) (1)

1014(kJ mol ) (1)

( 1920)

H SOLN BaSO 4

954(kJ mol ) (1)

H SOLN MgSO4

Expression quot ed or correct ly used in at least one of

t he calculat ions below

EITHER
H SOLN (

EXPECTED ANSWER

The hydrat ion energies

decrease f ast er. .

Answer only wit h no

working (1)

Answer only wit h no

working (1)

ACCEPT

(4)

MARK

(Total 17 marks)

Just solubilit y/ Hsolut ion depends

on a balance bet ween lat t ice and
hydrat ion energies

(-)500 and (-)560 st at ed wit hout

f urt her explanat ion

Just solubilit y/ Hsoln depends

on a balance bet ween lat t ice and
hydrat ion energies

REJECT

2.

(a)

(1)

EXPECTED ANSWER

(1)

ACCEPT

Any compressed f ormulae e. g.

CH3CONH2
OR

C2H5Br
OR CH3CH2Br

REJECT
Any compressed f ormulae e. g.

(2)

MARK

(b)

Step E: LiAlH4 (1)

Step D: P2O5 OR P4O10 (1)

Step C: PCl 5 OR SOCl 2 OR PCl 3 (1)

N. B. only award t he acid/ H2SO4 mark if a correct (or a

near-miss) oxidising agent given

Step B: K2Cr 2O7 (1) and H2SO4 (1)

Step A: NH3 (1)

Ignore st at e or dilut ion or solvent f or ammonia

EXPECTED ANSWER
Accept names or formulae, but ignore correct or
incorrect conditions

C2H5OH and Na
OR H2 and Ni / Pt / Pd (cat alyst )
OR Lit hal

OR
alkaline KMnO4 (1)
then acidif y (accept any acid) (1)

Cr 2O72- and H+ (2)

OR
CrO42- and H+ (2)
OR
Acidif ied dichromat e ions (2)
OR
Acidif ied K2Cr 2O7 (2)
OR
acidif ied dichromat e((VI)) (1)
OR
KMnO4 (1) and H2 SO4 (1)

Hydrochloric acid / HCl inst ead

of H2SO4

ACCEPT

NaBH4 (0)

Incorrect oxidat ion number

f or manganat e(VII)

Hydrochloric acid/ HCl wit h

KMnO4 (0)

CrO42- alone (0)

Incorrect oxidat ion number

f or dichromat e(VI)

REJECT

(6)

MARK

(d)

(c)

(CH2) 6

O
C

H
N

O
(CH2) 4

(1)

CH3CH2NH2 + H2O + NaCl

CH3CH2 NH2 H2O

(1)

OR
CH3CH2NH3Cl + NaOH

OH

CH3CH2 NH3

CH 3CH 2 NH 3

(1)

CH 3CH 2 NH 3 Cl as product

HCl as a react ant and

ACCEPT

CH3CH2NH3+ + NaOH
CH3CH2NH2 + H2O + Na+ (1)

(charges are not required).

Return of smell:

CH 3CH 2 NH 2

Rest of molecule and cont inuat ion bonds (1)

2nd mark is CQ on a polyamide being drawn

pept ide link

Loss of smell:

(ii)

(i)

EXPECTED ANSWER
(subst it ut ed) ami de
OR (N-subst it ut ed) amide
OR secondary amide
OR 2 amide

CONH

REJECT
Polyamide
ami ne

(Total 13 marks)

(2)

(2)

(1)

MARK

3.

(a)

Middle of vert ical pH range bet ween 4 and 6 (1)

Vert ical range: at least t hree pH unit s in t he range 3 t o 8

e. g. pH range 3 t o 6 OR 3 t o 7 OR 3 t o 8 OR 4 t o 7
OR 4 t o 8 OR 5 t o 8 (1)
(do not need t o st art / f inish on whole numbers)

Vert ical at 25 cm 3 (1)

St art ing pH ~ 1 and f inishing pH bet ween 9 and 11 (1)

Do not worry about general shape of t he curve, t he scoring

point s are:

EXPECTED ANSWER

ACCEPT

pH range 3 t o 5

REJECT

(4)

MARK

(c)

(b)

No sharp/ clear/ precise end point

OR very small range over which
indicat or changes colour

f or a sharp colour change of indicat or (1)

[ If say ammonia is a st rong base or et hanoic acid is a

st rong acid, or bot h, (0 out of 2) ]

Too small a vert ical (region)

OR no vert ical (region)
OR no point of inf lexion
OR no sudden change in pH
OR no st raight sect ion

More t han one indicat or f or

ext ended vert ical regions

ACCEPT

pH change around equivalence point t oo small

OR pH changes over t oo big a volume (1)

EXPECTED ANSWER
Bromocresol green
Indicat or(s) CQ on graph [ check t able on quest ion paper]

No suit able indicat or

OR No easy colour
change

REJECT

(Total 7 marks)

(2)

(1)

MARK

4.

(b)
(c)

(a)

H
H

EXPECTED ANSWER

0.50

2.50

0.485

0.485
3.75

2.50
0.485

0.485

[ HCOOC2 H 5 ][ H 2O]
[ HCOOH ][C2 H 5OH ]

No, (as) equal numbers of moles on bot h sides

OR volumes cancel
OR mol dm -3 cancel
OR unit s cancel
OR crossing out unit s t o show t hey cancel

3.33 only scores

answer
K c 0. 647 mol -1dm 3

If [ H 2 O] omit t ed in (ii), t hen

(2) but t his will give

K c 1. 33 mol -1dm 3 wit h V

10

Mark CQ on K c expression in (ii)

equal powers/ moles on bot h

sides
OR powers cancel

omit t ed f rom calculat ion (1)

IGNORE sig. f igs.

(2.50) 2
0.50 3.75

ACCEPT

(2) if it is st at ed t hat V cancels

eit her here or in (iv)

Kc

= 3. 33 (1) stand alone mark

(1)
Must have clearly divided moles of each component by
0. 485 f or 1st mark e. g.
[ HCOOC2H5] = [ H2O] = 5. 16 (mol dm -3)
and [ HCOOH] = 1. 03 (mol dm -3)
and [ C2H5OH] = 7. 73 (mol dm -3)

Kc

Kc

(iv)

(iii)

(ii)

Moles: HCOOC2H5 : 2. 50 and moles H2O : 2. 50 (1) for both

est er
(i)
Moles: C2H5OH: 3. 75 (1)

concent rat ions

cancel

1st mark if 485 used

as V in expression

Obviously round
bracket s ( )

REJECT

(1)

(2)

(1)

(2)

(1)

(1)

MARK

(d)

(ii)

(i)

no ef f ect can be st at ed or implied

IGNORE any ref erences t o act ivat ion energy

no ef f ect as cat alyst s do not af f ect (t he value of ) K

OR
no ef f ect as cat alyst s do not af f ect t he posit ion of
equilibrium
OR
no ef f ect as cat alyst s do not af f ect t he yield
OR
No ef f ect as cat alyst s increase t he rat e of t he f orward and
backward react ions equally/ t o t he same ext ent
OR
no ef f ect as cat alyst s only increase t he rat e
OR
no ef f ect as cat alyst s only alt er t he rat e

yield of HCOOC2H5 decreases (1)

11

If st at e exot hermic in f orward

direct ion, 1 mark only (out of
4) f or CQ increase in Kc

Kc decreases (1)

numerat or in quot ient (has t o) decrease

OR denominat or in quot ient (has t o) increase
OR f ract ion (has t o) decrease (1)

ACCEPT
Exot hermic in backward
direct ion (or words t o t hat
ef f ect )

EXPECTED ANSWER
(as react ion) endot hermic (1)

Just cat alyst s

increase rat e

REJECT

(Total 13 marks)

(1)

(4)

MARK

5.

3H 2 O

6H 2 O

2 H 3 PO4

4 H 3 PO 4

IGNORE across group if used inst ead of across period

met allic charact er (of t he element s) decreases (1)

basic (oxides) t o acidic (oxides) (1) both words needed

IGNORE ref erences t o Al 2O3
IGNORE ref erences t o amphot eric charact er of Al 2O3

(c)

covalent

(ii)

P2 O5

OR

2 Na

2OH

4NaOH

12

met al t o non-met al

molecular covalent
simple covalent

Giant ionic
OR elect rovalent
Mult iples

Mult iples e. g.
2Na2O + 2H2O

..

..
2 Na OH
OR

P4 O10

ionic

(ii)

2NaOH

(i)

Na2O + H2O

(i)

ACCEPT

(b)

(a)

EXPECTED ANSWER
IGNORE st at e symbols t hroughout t his quest ion.

The elements change f rom

basic t o acidic

convalent
OR giant covalent
OR dat ive covalent

REJECT

(2)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

MARK

(d)

H 2O

Na2PbO2 + H2O (1)

OR
PbO + 2NaOH

Na 2 Pb(OH ) 4

13

OR Na 4 Pb(OH ) 6

f ormat ion of Pb(OH ) 6 4

inst ead of

H 2 CO3

H 2O

Pb(OH ) 4 2

H 2 O (1)

CO32-

H 2 CO3

OR
PbO 2 NaOH

H 2O

PbO 2OH

Pb( NO3 ) 2

OR
PbO 2 HNO3

H 2O

H 2O

HCO3OR
CO 2 H 2 O

OR
CO 2

Pb 2

HCO3-

HCO3

PbO 2 H

H3O+ +

OR
CO2 + 2H2O

CO 2

ACCEPT
2H++ CO32CO2 + H2O

(ii)

(i)

EXPECTED ANSWER

2H +

H+ +

H 2 CO3

Any equat ions wit h

PbO2

PbO wit h ot her acids

JUST
CO 2 H 2 O

REJECT

(2)

(1)

MARK

(e)

[ N. B. Marking cannot allow point s t aken f rom both t he

EITHER and OR argument s t oget her]

(so) more easily lose elect rons

OR have lower ionisat ion energies
OR more easily f orm posit ive ions (in compounds) (1)
[ allow 2nd mark even if no specif ic ref erence has been
made t o at oms]

OR
atoms become larger (1)

EITHER
oxides acidic at t he t op of t he group (1)
amphot eric at bot t om of group (1)
[ amphot eric must be st at ed f or t he 2nd mark]

Increases as

EXPECTED ANSWER

14

atoms have more shielding/ shells/ energy levels

OR (out er) elect rons f urt her f rom nucleus
[ no need t o ref er t o at oms in this case]

Oxides more basic down group 1 (out of 2)

OR oxides less acidic down group 1 (out of 2)

ACCEPT

OR t he element s
become larger

(2)

MARK

(Total 11 marks)

Just more elect rons

REJECT
Just increases on it s
own (0)
OR increases
f ollowed by incorrect
j ust if icat ion (0)

6.

(a)

(i)

Reduct ion
OR nucleophilic addit ion (1)
IGNORE het erolyt ic

EXPECTED ANSWER
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH (1)

15

Redox
Nucleophilic reduct ion

H H H

H C C C O H

H H H

OR

H H H

H C C C OH

H H H

OR f ull st ruct ural f ormula

e. g.

C 2 H 5 CH 2 OH

ACCEPT
C 3 H 7 OH

REJECT

(2)

MARK

(ii)

OH

oxidat ion
OR redox (1)

CH3CH2C

(1)

EXPECTED ANSWER

OH

O H

16

oxidisat ion

H H

OH

H C C C

H H

OR

H H

H C C C

H H

C2H5 inst ead of CH3CH2

OR f ull st ruct ural f ormula
e. g.

OR CH3CH2COOH
OR CH3CH2CO2H
OR C2H5COOH
OR C2H5CO2H

C2H5C

ACCEPT
O

C 2H 5C

OR

O-

CH3CH2C
O-

REJECT

(2)

MARK

(b)

N (1)

C 2 H 5 MgBr

Dry et hoxyet hane

OR dry et her
IGNORE ref erences t o I2 OR heat

IGNORE charges

Mg C 2 H 5 Br

nucleophilic addit ion (1) both words needed

IGNORE het erolyt ic

CH 3 CH 2 CH (OH )C

(ii)

(i)

(iii)

EXPECTED ANSWER

17

H H H

H C C C C N

H H O

OR

H H H

H C C C CN

H H OH

OR f ull st ruct ural f ormula

e. g.

OR
CH 3CH 2CH (OH )CN

ACCEPT
C2 H 5CH (OH )CN

C2H5BrMg
C2H5MgI

REJECT

(1)

(1)

(2)

MARK

(c)

(i)

IGNORE punct uat ion

Name:
2-met hylbut an-2-ol
OR 2-hydroxy-2-met hylbut ane (1)

EXPECTED ANSWER
With propanone:
Structure : (CH3) 2C(OH)CH2CH3 (1)

18

CQ name provided t hat it is a

t ert iary alcohol

CQ st ruct ure provided it is a

t ert iary alcohol

OR

C2H5 in lieu of CH2CH3

OR
t he f ull st ruct ural f ormula
e. g.

ACCEPT

C 5 H 11OH

REJECT

(2)

MARK

(ii)

(group in but anal) is planar (1)

Mark each aspect independently unless reference

made to carbocations etc

at t acked (wit h equal probabilit y) f rom t wo direct ions (1)

Name:
hexan-3-ol (1)

CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH (OH )CH 2 CH 3 (1)

EXPECTED ANSWER
With butanal:
Structure :

19

hexane-3-ol
CQ name provided t hat it is
a secondary alcohol

CQ st ruct ure provided it is

a secondary alcohol

H H H O H H
H

H C C C C C C H

H H H H H H

OR

H H H OH H H

H C C C C C C H

H H H H H H

ACCEPT
t he f ull st ruct ural f ormula
e. g.

(2)

(2)

MARK

Ref erences t o carbocat ions

OR carbonium ions
OR Planar int ermediat es
OR SN1 mechanisms scores (0
out of 2)
(Total 14 marks)

But anal/ t he molecule/ it is

planar
OR But anal/ t he molecule/ it is
linear

C 6 H 13 OH

REJECT