CONTENTS The Article . The Definite Article: THE ..... The Indefinite Article: A/ AN AIAN vs. THE..... ZERO ARTICLE . Round-up test 1. The Noun . Countable and uncountable nouns . The plural of nouns. The gender of Nouns Quantifiers ... Round-up test Ill. The Possessive/ Genitive case . ‘S/ S' Possessive OF Possessive Round-up test IV. Any! No/ Some .. Any/ No! Some compouns Round-up test........ V. The Adjective . The comparative. The superlative Nationality adjectives -ED/ -ING adjectives Order of Adjectives....... Round-up test VI. The Adverb... Round-up test.. VIL. The Pronoun... Personal pronouns ....... Possessive adjectives and pronouns Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns .. Relative pronouns... Reflexive and emphatic pronouns ROUND-UP LESt os. cssssseneseiseen Vill. WH Questions Round-up testIX. Numbers... Round-up tes X. The preposition Round-up test... XI. Linking devices Round-up test... XII. Word formation... Revisior Key to exercices .._ The noun & its determiners, the pronoun, the adverb, the preposition, linking devices I. The Article The Indefinite Article: A/ AN EXAMPLES We use A before a consonant sound a boy, a car, a plant, a tree, a new bike We use AN before a vowel sound (a, 6, 7, 0, U) an address, an egg, an idea, an old clock, an umbrella We choose A or AN because of pronunciation, not because of how we write the words a head/ an hour, an uncle/a university, an egg/ a European committee (General descriptions (A mechanic is a person who fixes cars. |An elephant is an animal which lives in herds. Before a vowel we pronounce the [Oi] Jobs Jake is an engineer. Maggie is 4 nurse. Exclamations What a wonderful day! What a brilliant ideal The Definite Article: THE EXAMPLES: Before consonant we pronounce the [00)|2. 72" the union used both for singular and plural nouns the house/ the houses when people know what they are talking about Where's the bathroom? On the 2nd floor. something which has already been mentioned (A boy and a gif fell in love. The boy and the girl got married two years later. things we consider unique the Sun, the Moon, the Earth, the sky {groups of people the rich, the poor, the old, the Unionists nationalities the Japanese, the British, the Swiss before superlatives and ordinal numbers the best, the most beautiful, the first, the third collective nouns the police, the government, the army, the brigade musical instruments to play the violin/ the guitar/ the saxophone geographical features Tivers: the Danube, the Mississippi; oceans: the Atlantic, the Pacific; seas: the North Sea, the Mediterranean; deserts: the Sahara, the Gobi, large areas of the world: the Middle East, the West; plural country names: the United States, the Netherlands; mountain ranges: the Alps buildings the Taj Mahal, the British Museum, the Odeon Theatre, the Eiffel Tower, the Heathrow Airport common expressions 1. the same: They are the same. 2. go to the country/ the sea/ the mountains: | want to go to the mountains. 3. on the left/ right: The bank is on the left. 4. at the top/ bottom/ end/ back of. Write your name at the bottom of the page. 5. in the middle: The table is in the middle of the dinning room. 6. go to the cinerma/ theatre: We went to the theatre last week. 7. on the radio (but: on TV): / heard that on the radio.The noun & its determiners, the pronoun, the adverb, the preposition, linking devices |A/ AN THE ~ is used to refer to non-specific nouns, Let's read a book! (any book) Can you open a window? (There is more than one window.) Budapest is an interesting city. (There are other interesting cities.) Is there a restaurant nearby? (There are many restaurants in the city.) - is used to refer to specific nouns: Let's read the book! (a specific book) Can you open the window? (There is one window.) Budapest is the capital of Hungary. (There is only one capital of Hungary.) The restaurant was very expensive. (The restaurant we went to.) He met a woman in New York. | bought a dress. They saw a dog. The woman was a journalist. The dress is very colourful. The dog was very playful. ZERO ARTICLE Examples : to refer to general ideas Babies cry a lot. Love is all around us. with languages T don't speak Japanese. Do you understand Italian?| with school subjects T don't like geography. with meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) What time do you have breakfast? next/ last week/ year/ summer/ Friday We are going to the seaside next Friday. with days, months, holidays on Saturday, in June, at Christmas ‘common expressions with work, ‘school, university, college, prison, hospital, church, bed, class, home | go to work everyday. nee Felicia in college, twenty years ago. | always go home by bus. means of transport by cat/ train/ plane/ bus/ tram, on foot, on holiday names of towns, cities, streets, airports, countries Paris is the city of lovers. How can | get to 10 Downing Street? They're flying from Heathrow. visited Denmark two years ago. individual mountains, lakes. Mount Everest is the highest in the world. She lives near Lake Ontario. 1. 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