ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any task would be
complete without mentioning about the people who made it possible because ''Success is the
abstract of hard work & perseverance, but steadfast of all is encouraging guidance''. So, I
take opportunity to acknowledge all those whose continuous guidance and encouragement
served as a beacon light & crowned my effort, thus leading to successful completion of this
work.
Before getting into thick details of the things, we would like to add a few heartfelt words for
the people who were part of this project in numerous ways; people who gave unending
support right from the stage of the project idea was just conceived.
Our wholehearted thanks to Mr .K. VIJAYAKUMAR ,Manager-Human Resources ,
Mr.PRAKASH RAO, Asst .Vice president, PS-SAS Testing and Training Head,
Mr . GANESH MITHANDALE, Senior engineer Testing, PS-SAS.
We are very grateful to Mr. SALMAN KHAN, Testing and Commissioning Engineer PSSAS, who was the main source for our project to be done. His inspiration, guidance and
constant encouragement throughout coupled with valuable suggestions helped us in gaining
expertise in all aspects of our project.
It is an honour for us to thank Dr .SURESH.L ,Principal, Cambridge Institute of
Technology, for providing excellent infrastructure, Faculty team and encouraging us to carry
out research in different fields along with the regular curriculum, which helped us to
undertake this project.
We wish to express sincere thanks to Ms.HEMA,HOD, Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, for her support , encouragement and Valuable guidance to do this
project and motivation throughout the course of work.
Further I would like to thank all the staff of Electrical and Electronics Department for the
immense help, guidance and encouragement rendered in completing this project successfully.

ABSTRACT
Protection of power system equipments was traditionally done by using electromagnetic
relay, static relays, and numerical relays. At present the microprocessor based relays are
replacing the old Electromagnetic relays because of their high level accuracy and fast
operation. RET670(Transformer protection relay ), an IED (INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC
DEVICE) provides fast and selective protection, monitoring, and control of all types of
transformer.
ABB INDIA LIMITED, a renowned company for power and automation technologies uses
an IED, RET670 for the reliable and complete protection of transformer. RET670 is designed
for IEC(International Electrotechnical Commission) 61850, implementing all aspects of this
standard. It is configured for the desired transformer protection scheme by ABBs unique
connectivity package PCM600.
The configured IED is tested under different fault conditions simulated by using mobile test
kit to ensure IEDs reliable operation on site. With preconfigured algorithms, the IED will
automatically reconfigure the network in case of a fault, and a service restoration is carried
out within milliseconds by giving trip signal to the corresponding Circuit breakers. On
receiving the trip signal the circuit breaker operates providing quicker isolation of
transformers under the fault condition. This enables to have a complete and an adequate
protection to the specified power transformer.

CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
PROFILE OF ABB
CHAPTER 1 :
INTRODUCTION TO TRANSFORMER
CHAPTER 2 :

TRANSFORMER PROTECTION

CHAPTER 3 :

INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC DEVICE (IED)

CHAPTER 4 :
CHAPTER 5 :
CHAPTER 6 :

PROJECT DESIGN
PCM600 CONNECTIVITY PACKAGE
FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS

PAGE
NO

1
8
14
29
32
38

CHAPTER 7 :

TWO WINDING DIFFERENTIAL

PROTECTION

46

CHAPTER 8 :

HIGH IMPEDANCE DIFFERENTIAL

PROTECTION

63

CHAPTER 9 :

PROTECTION AGAINST TRANSFORMER

TROUBLES

67

CHAPTER 10:

ADVANTAGES OF IED (RET670)

70

RESULT SHEET
CHAPTER 11:

CONCLUSION
FUTURE SCOPE OF PROJECT

71

CHAPTER 12:

BIBLIOGRAPHY

72

CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
PROFILE OF ABB
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO TRANSFORMER (1-7)

1.1. History of Transformer
1.2. Definition of Transformer
1.3. Working Principle of Transformer
1.4. Transformer Types and Connection
1.5. Principle of Operation of transformer
1.6. Vector Group of Transformer
CHAPTER 2

TRANSFOREMR PROTECTION (8-13)

2.1. Introduction
2.2. Transformer protection overview
2.3. Transformer failures
2.4. Protective relaying
CHAPTER 3

INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC DEVICE (14-28)

3.1. Introduction to IED - 670 series
3.2. RET 670 introduction

3.3. RET 670 hardware

3.4. Available functions of RET670
3.5. Basic block diagram
CHAPTER 4

PROJECT DESIGN(29-31)
4.1. SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
4.2. POWER SUPPLY DIAGRAM
4.3. H.V. CT CONNECTIONS
4.4. L.V. CT CONNECTIONS
4.5. HIGH IMPEDANCE REF CONNECTIONS
4.6. BINARY INPUTS CONNECTIONS
4.7.BINARY OUTPUTS CONNECTIONS

CHAPTER 5

PCM600 AND CONNECTIVITY PACKAGE (32-37)

5.1. Tasks of PCM600 in IED engineering process
5.2. Setting up PCM600 project
5.3. Application configuration tool of PCM600
5.3.1. Hardware channel
CHAPTER 6

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK(38-44)
6.1. INTRODUTION
6.2. DIFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS

6.2.1. Signal matrix for analog inputs SMAI

6.2.2. Signal matrix for binary inputs SMBI
6.2.3. Signal matrix for binary outputs SMBO
6.2.4. Disturbance Recorder Block
6.2.5. TMAGGIO block-Trip matrix logic
6.2.6. SMPPTRC block- Tripping logic

OUR CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS PROJECT

CHAPTER 7

TWO WINDING DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION (46-62)

7.1. Principle of operation
7.1.1. Restrained, and unrestrained limits
7.2. Configuration
7.3. Parameter setting
7.4. Testing procedure
7.4.1. Pick up test
7.4.2. Stability test
7.4.3. Slope test

CHAPTER 8

HIGH IMPEDANCE RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT

PROTECTION (63-66)
8.1. Principle of operation
8.2. Configuration

8.3. Parameter setting

8.4. Testing procedure
CHAPTER 9

PROTECTION AGAINST TRANSFORMER TROUBLES (67-69)

9.1. Introduction
9.1.1. Buchhloz relay
9.1.2. Pressure relief valve relay
9.1.3. Oil & Winding temperature monitoring

9.2. Configuration
10. ADVANTAGES OF IED (RET 670 ) (70)
11. SCOPE OF PROJECT (71)
12. CONCLUSION (71)
13. BIBLIOGRAPHY (72)

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE
NO
Fig 3.1
Fig 3.2
Fig 3.3
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
7.1
7.2

Fig 7.3
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig

7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
8.1
8.2
8.3
9.1

Fig 9.2
Fig 9.3

CONTENTS
Internal Conventions of the directionality in the
IED
Basic RET670 Module
Block Diagram of Implementation of RET670 in
transformer protection
Connection of the protection system
Power Supply Diagram
H.V. CT Connections
L.V. CT Connections
High Impedance REF Connections
Binary inputs Connection diagram
Binary outputs Connection diagrams
Analog input signal functional block
Binary input signal functional block
Binary output signal functional block
Disturbance Recorder functional block
Trip Matrix Logic functional block
Tripping Logic functional block
Two winding differential protection
Fault currents with DC offset during an external
fault
Two winding differential protection functional
block
1-ph Pickup Test
3-ph Pickup Test
Stability testing
Operating Characteristic Diagram
High impedance differential block
Stabilizing resister
High impendence REF testing
Schematic Diagram of Buchholz Relay
Arrangement
Schematic Diagram of pressure relief valve
Transformer trouble functional block

PAGE
NO
15
18
25
27
28
28
29
30
31
32
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
48
49
55
56
58
59
63
64
65
67
68
69

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
NO

CONTENTS

Table 3.1

Different types of Modules and their

description
Parameter Settings of Two winding
differential protection
Two winding differential protection Details
Pickup Test tabulation
Stability Test Tabulation
Slope-1 Test Results
Slope-2 Test Results
2ND Harmonics Results
5th Harmonics Results
parameter settings of high impedance REF
High Impedance REF Pickup Value and
Operating time of HV side
High Impedance REF Pickup Value and
Operating time of LV side

Table 7.1
Table 7.2
Table 7.3
Table 7.4
Table 7.5
Table 7.6
Table 7.7
Table 7.8
Table 8.1
Table 8.2
Table 8.3

PAGE
NO
20
52
53
57
59
60
61
62
62
64
66
66