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Submitted by
M MANOHAR
(Roll No.M080146EE)
(Power Electronics)
Date of submission:
Signature of the Guide
Abstract
The Brush less DC motors have only decades of history. They are
now getting popular due to numerous advantages they offer. In
brushless dc motors the commutation of phases is achieved by an
electronic commutation system instead of a brushes and commutator
type mechanical commutation system in conventional motors. So we
need rotor position at six discrete steps to achieve electronic
commutation perfectly.
In the earlier days of its development direct sensored control that
is mounting three hall effect sensors on the motor will serve the
purpose of tracking the rotor position. Those sensing mechanisms were
not much reliable too. And the cost of their control systems were so
high that this BLDC motors couldnt be applied for small scale
purposes. So we go for sensorless control of brushless dc motors in
which we sense some other parameters to estimate the rotor position
instead of using Hall Effect sensors which are not so reliable and also
complexive.
There are many methods implemented to track the rotor position
which includes Back-EMF Sensing Techniques, Back-EMF Integration
Technique, Flux Linkage-Based Technique, Third harmonic Back emf
sensing technique etc and there are many control logics implemented,
few of them are with the use of micro controllers, DSP controllers etc.
In this project we are going to simulate and implement a
sensorless controlled
will use any of the techniques like Back emf sensing or Back emf
integration technique etc. We will check the validity of the proposed
drive scheme with both simulation and implementation.
Literature survey
Since from the past two decades, many methods have been
implemented for the sensorless control of brushless dc motor drive.
Among which the most common techniques are
1. Back-EMF Sensing Techniques.
2. Third harmonic Back-EMF sensing technique.
3. Back EMF integration technique.
4. Flux linkage based technique.
speeds. For this purpose a new flux linkage function is defined which is
speed
independent.
This
function
has
the
information
about
Problem definition
The main problems that are associated with Hall effect sensors
are listed below
1. Unreliabile
2. Costly
3. Makes the controller implementation complex
4. improper mounting of hall sensors gives error in rotor position
detection
Methodology
To solve the problem with Hall effect sensors, a speed
independent function is given[7] that can give exact information about
the commutation instants. Since the proposed function can exactly
give the commutation instants, no need of extra circuitry for 30
degrees phase shift that is prevalent in Back emf ZCP detection
techniques. And the this method can give accurate results at low
speeds also, because the function we are defining is independent of
speed, so speed ripple cannot cause error in estimating commutation
instants.
Work completed
1.Modeling of brushless dc motor drive:
The flux distribution in the permanent magnet brushless dc
motor drive is trapezoidal. Therefore the d-q rotor reference frames
model that is used for the permanent magnet synchronous machines is
not applicable.
Given the non sinusoidal flux distribution, It is prudent to derive a
model of permanent magnet BLDCM in phase variables.
Model is derived on the following assumptions
1. Induced currents in the rotor due to rotor harmonic fields is
neglected
2. Iron and stray losses are neglected.
Here we derive the model for three phases but it is applicable for
any number of phases.
The coupled circuit equations of the stator windings of motor
electrical constants are
Vas
V
bs
Vcs
Rs
= 0
0
0 i as
Laa
0 ibs +p Lba
Lca
Rs i
cs
0
Rs
0
Lab
Lbb
Lcb
eas
Lac i as
Lcc i
e
cs
cs
a = Blr =
(B lr) =
(g )
Rs
= 0
0
0
Rs
0
0
0
Rs
i as
L
i
M
bs + p
M
ics
M
L
M
eas
M i as
M ibs + ebs
L i
e
cs
cs
Vas
V
bs
Vcs
Rs
= 0
0
0
Rs
0
0 i as
0 ibs
Rs i
cs
LM
+ p 0
0
LM
0
eas
ibs + ebs
L M i
ecs
cs
0
0
i as
N-m
d m
+ B m = Te - Tl
dt
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