Graphing Functions

Mathematics 17
Institute of Mathematics, University of the Philippines-Diliman

Lecture 15

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Graphs of Functions
Definition
The graph of a function f whose domain is X is the set of all ordered
pairs (x, f (x)) such that x X.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Graphs of Functions
Definition
The graph of a function f whose domain is X is the set of all ordered
pairs (x, f (x)) such that x X.
Examples:
f (x) = x + 1

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Graphs of Functions
Definition
The graph of a function f whose domain is X is the set of all ordered
pairs (x, f (x)) such that x X.
Examples:
f (x) = x + 1

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Graphs of Functions
Definition
The graph of a function f whose domain is X is the set of all ordered
pairs (x, f (x)) such that x X.
Examples:
g(x) = x2 4

f (x) = x + 1

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Graphs of Functions
Definition
The graph of a function f whose domain is X is the set of all ordered
pairs (x, f (x)) such that x X.
Examples:
g(x) = x2 4

f (x) = x + 1

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Graphs of Functions

Theorem (Vertical Line Test)

Any vertical line intersects the graph of a function in at most one point.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Graphs of Functions

Theorem (Vertical Line Test)

Any vertical line intersects the graph of a function in at most one point.
Examples: Does the given graph represent a function?

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Graphs of Functions

Theorem (Vertical Line Test)

Any vertical line intersects the graph of a function in at most one point.
Examples: Does the given graph represent a function?

no

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Graphs of Functions

Theorem (Vertical Line Test)

Any vertical line intersects the graph of a function in at most one point.
Examples: Does the given graph represent a function?

no

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

Lec. 15

3 / 24

Graphs of Functions

Theorem (Vertical Line Test)

Any vertical line intersects the graph of a function in at most one point.
Examples: Does the given graph represent a function?

no

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

yes

Graphing Functions

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Graphs of Functions

Theorem (Vertical Line Test)

Any vertical line intersects the graph of a function in at most one point.
Examples: Does the given graph represent a function?

no

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

yes

Graphing Functions

Lec. 15

3 / 24

Graphs of Functions

Theorem (Vertical Line Test)

Any vertical line intersects the graph of a function in at most one point.
Examples: Does the given graph represent a function?

no

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

yes

Graphing Functions

no

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Intercepts of the Graph of a Function

Let f be a function.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Intercepts of the Graph of a Function

Let f be a function.
If 0 dom f , then the y-intercept of the graph of f is given by f (0).

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Intercepts of the Graph of a Function

Let f be a function.
If 0 dom f , then the y-intercept of the graph of f is given by f (0).

Definition
The zeros of f are the values of x dom f for which f (x) = 0.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Intercepts of the Graph of a Function

Let f be a function.
If 0 dom f , then the y-intercept of the graph of f is given by f (0).

Definition
The zeros of f are the values of x dom f for which f (x) = 0.
Remark: The x-intercepts of f are the zeros of f .

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Let f (x) = 3 + 2x x2 .

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Let f (x) = 3 + 2x x2 .

Solution: The graph of f is a parabola.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Let f (x) = 3 + 2x x2 .

Solution: The graph of f is a parabola.
y-intercept:

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Let f (x) = 3 + 2x x2 .

Solution: The graph of f is a parabola.
y-intercept:

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

f (0) = 3

Graphing Functions

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Example: Let f (x) = 3 + 2x x2 .

Solution: The graph of f is a parabola.
y-intercept:

f (0) = 3

zeros:

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Let f (x) = 3 + 2x x2 .

Solution: The graph of f is a parabola.
y-intercept:

f (0) = 3

zeros:

3 + 2x x2 = 0

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Let f (x) = 3 + 2x x2 .

Solution: The graph of f is a parabola.
y-intercept:

f (0) = 3

zeros:

3 + 2x x2 = 0
(1 + x)(3 x) = 0

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Let f (x) = 3 + 2x x2 .

Solution: The graph of f is a parabola.
y-intercept:

f (0) = 3

zeros:

3 + 2x x2 = 0
(1 + x)(3 x) = 0
x = 1, 3

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Let f (x) = 3 + 2x x2 .

Solution: The graph of f is a parabola.
y-intercept:

f (0) = 3

zeros:

3 + 2x x2 = 0
(1 + x)(3 x) = 0
x = 1, 3

vertex:

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Let f (x) = 3 + 2x x2 .

Solution: The graph of f is a parabola.
y-intercept:

f (0) = 3

zeros:

3 + 2x x2 = 0
(1 + x)(3 x) = 0
x = 1, 3

vertex:

b
2
2a
= 2(1)
=1

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Let f (x) = 3 + 2x x2 .

Solution: The graph of f is a parabola.
y-intercept:

f (0) = 3

zeros:

3 + 2x x2 = 0
(1 + x)(3 x) = 0
x = 1, 3

vertex:

b
2
2a
= 2(1)
=1
f (1) = 3 + 2(1) 12 = 4

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Let f (x) = 3 + 2x x2 .

Solution: The graph of f is a parabola.
y-intercept:

f (0) = 3

zeros:

3 + 2x x2 = 0
(1 + x)(3 x) = 0
x = 1, 3

vertex:

b
2
2a
= 2(1)
=1
f (1) = 3 + 2(1) 12 = 4
(1, 4)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Let f (x) = 3 + 2x x2 .

Solution: The graph of f is a parabola.
graph:
y-intercept:

f (0) = 3

zeros:

3 + 2x x2 = 0
(1 + x)(3 x) = 0
x = 1, 3

vertex:

b
2
2a
= 2(1)
=1
f (1) = 3 + 2(1) 12 = 4
(1, 4)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Let f (x) = 3 + 2x x2 .

Solution: The graph of f is a parabola.
graph:
y-intercept:

f (0) = 3

zeros:

3 + 2x x2 = 0
(1 + x)(3 x) = 0
x = 1, 3

vertex:

b
2
2a
= 2(1)
=1
f (1) = 3 + 2(1) 12 = 4
(1, 4)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Let f (x) = 3 + 2x x2 .

Solution: The graph of f is a parabola.
graph:
y-intercept:

f (0) = 3

zeros:

3 + 2x x2 = 0
(1 + x)(3 x) = 0
x = 1, 3

vertex:

b
2
2a
= 2(1)
=1
f (1) = 3 + 2(1) 12 = 4
(1, 4)

dom f =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Let f (x) = 3 + 2x x2 .

Solution: The graph of f is a parabola.
graph:
y-intercept:

f (0) = 3

zeros:

3 + 2x x2 = 0
(1 + x)(3 x) = 0
x = 1, 3

vertex:

b
2
2a
= 2(1)
=1
f (1) = 3 + 2(1) 12 = 4
(1, 4)

dom f =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

Lec. 15

5 / 24

Example: Let f (x) = 3 + 2x x2 .

Solution: The graph of f is a parabola.
graph:
y-intercept:

f (0) = 3

zeros:

3 + 2x x2 = 0
(1 + x)(3 x) = 0
x = 1, 3

vertex:

b
2
2a
= 2(1)
=1
f (1) = 3 + 2(1) 12 = 4
(1, 4)

dom f =
ran f =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Let f (x) = 3 + 2x x2 .

Solution: The graph of f is a parabola.
graph:
y-intercept:

f (0) = 3

zeros:

3 + 2x x2 = 0
(1 + x)(3 x) = 0
x = 1, 3

vertex:

b
2
2a
= 2(1)
=1
f (1) = 3 + 2(1) 12 = 4
(1, 4)

dom f =
ran f = (, 4]

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Even and Odd Functions

Definition
A function f is said to be even if f (x) = f (x) for all x dom f .

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Even and Odd Functions

Definition
A function f is said to be even if f (x) = f (x) for all x dom f .

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Even and Odd Functions

Definition
A function f is said to be even if f (x) = f (x) for all x dom f .

Remark: A function is even if and only if its graph is symmetric with

respect to the y-axis.
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Even and Odd Functions

Definition
A function f is said to be odd if f (x) = f (x) for all x dom f .

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Even and Odd Functions

Definition
A function f is said to be odd if f (x) = f (x) for all x dom f .

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Even and Odd Functions

Definition
A function f is said to be odd if f (x) = f (x) for all x dom f .

Remark: A function is odd if and only if its graph is symmetric with

respect to the origin.
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Determine if f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

4 x2 is odd or even.

Graphing Functions

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Example: Determine if f (x) =

4 x2 is odd or even.

Solution:
f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Determine if f (x) =

4 x2 is odd or even.

Solution:
f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

p
4 (x)2 =

Graphing Functions

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Example: Determine if f (x) =

4 x2 is odd or even.

Solution:
f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

4 (x)2 = 4 x2

Graphing Functions

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Example: Determine if f (x) =

4 x2 is odd or even.

Solution:
f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

4 (x)2 = 4 x2 = f (x)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Determine if f (x) =

4 x2 is odd or even.

Solution:
f (x) =

4 (x)2 = 4 x2 = f (x)
Therefore, f is even.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Determine if f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

|x| + 1
is odd or even.
x3

Graphing Functions

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Example: Determine if f (x) =

|x| + 1
is odd or even.
x3

Solution:
f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Determine if f (x) =

|x| + 1
is odd or even.
x3

Solution:
f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

| x| + 1
=
(x)3

Graphing Functions

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Example: Determine if f (x) =

|x| + 1
is odd or even.
x3

Solution:
f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

| x| + 1
|x| + 1
=
=
3
(x)
x3

Graphing Functions

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Example: Determine if f (x) =

|x| + 1
is odd or even.
x3

Solution:
f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

| x| + 1
|x| + 1
|x| + 1
=
=
3
3
(x)
x
x3

Graphing Functions

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Example: Determine if f (x) =

|x| + 1
is odd or even.
x3

Solution:
f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

| x| + 1
|x| + 1
|x| + 1
= f (x).
=
=
3
3
(x)
x
x3

Graphing Functions

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Example: Determine if f (x) =

|x| + 1
is odd or even.
x3

Solution:
f (x) =

| x| + 1
|x| + 1
|x| + 1
= f (x).
=
=
3
3
(x)
x
x3
Therefore, f is odd.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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3
Example: Determine if f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

x+1
is odd or even.
x4

Graphing Functions

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3
Example: Determine if f (x) =

x+1
is odd or even.
x4

Solution:
f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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3
Example: Determine if f (x) =

x+1
is odd or even.
x4

Solution:
p
3
(x) + 1
f (x) =
=
(x)4

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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3
Example: Determine if f (x) =

x+1
is odd or even.
x4

Solution:
p
3
(x) + 1
f (x) =
=
(x)4

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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3
Example: Determine if f (x) =

x+1
is odd or even.
x4

Solution:
p

3
3
(x) + 1
x + 1
f (x) =
=
.
(x)4
x4

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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3
Example: Determine if f (x) =

x+1
is odd or even.
x4

Solution:
p

3
3
(x) + 1
x + 1
f (x) =
=
.
(x)4
x4
Is f (x) = f (x)?

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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3
Example: Determine if f (x) =

x+1
is odd or even.
x4

Solution:
p

3
3
(x) + 1
x + 1
f (x) =
=
.
(x)4
x4
Is f (x) = f (x)?

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

No.

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3
Example: Determine if f (x) =

x+1
is odd or even.
x4

Solution:
p

3
3
(x) + 1
x + 1
f (x) =
=
.
(x)4
x4
Is f (x) = f (x)?
Is f (x) = f (x)?

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

No.

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3
Example: Determine if f (x) =

x+1
is odd or even.
x4

Solution:
p

3
3
(x) + 1
x + 1
f (x) =
=
.
(x)4
x4
Is f (x) = f (x)?
Is f (x) = f (x)?

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

No.
No.

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3
Example: Determine if f (x) =

x+1
is odd or even.
x4

Solution:
p

3
3
(x) + 1
x + 1
f (x) =
=
.
(x)4
x4
Is f (x) = f (x)?
Is f (x) = f (x)?

No.
No.

Therefore, f is neither even nor odd.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Some Basic Types of Functions

Constant function: f (x) = c, where
c

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Some Basic Types of Functions

Constant function: f (x) = c, where
c

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Some Basic Types of Functions

Constant function: f (x) = c, where
c

dom f =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Some Basic Types of Functions

Constant function: f (x) = c, where
c

dom f =

ran f = {c}

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Some Basic Types of Functions

Constant function: f (x) = c, where
c

dom f =

ran f = {c}
y-int: c
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Some Basic Types of Functions

Constant function: f (x) = c, where
c

dom f =

(Non-constant) Linear function:

f (x) = mx + b, where
m, b , m 6= 0

ran f = {c}
y-int: c
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Some Basic Types of Functions

Constant function: f (x) = c, where
c

(Non-constant) Linear function:

f (x) = mx + b, where
m, b , m 6= 0

m>0

m<0

dom f =

ran f = {c}
y-int: c
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Some Basic Types of Functions

Constant function: f (x) = c, where
c

(Non-constant) Linear function:

f (x) = mx + b, where
m, b , m 6= 0

m>0

m<0

dom f =

dom f =

ran f = {c}
y-int: c
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Some Basic Types of Functions

Constant function: f (x) = c, where
c

(Non-constant) Linear function:

f (x) = mx + b, where
m, b , m 6= 0

m>0

m<0

dom f =

ran f = {c}

R
ran f = R
dom f =

y-int: c
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Some Basic Types of Functions

Constant function: f (x) = c, where
c

(Non-constant) Linear function:

f (x) = mx + b, where
m, b , m 6= 0

m>0

m<0

dom f =

ran f = {c}

R
ran f = R
dom f =

y-int: b
y-int: c
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Some Basic Types of Functions

Constant function: f (x) = c, where
c

(Non-constant) Linear function:

f (x) = mx + b, where
m, b , m 6= 0

m>0

m<0

dom f =

ran f = {c}

R
ran f = R
dom f =

y-int: b
y-int: c
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

b
x-int: m
Graphing Functions

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Quadratic functions: f (x) = ax2 + bx + c, a 6= 0

a>0

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Quadratic functions: f (x) = ax2 + bx + c, a 6= 0

a>0

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Quadratic functions: f (x) = ax2 + bx + c, a 6= 0

a>0

dom f =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Quadratic functions: f (x) = ax2 + bx + c, a 6= 0

a>0

dom f =

y-int: c

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Quadratic functions: f (x) = ax2 + bx + c, a 6= 0

a>0

dom f =

y-int: c
x-ints: real roots of
ax2 + bx + c = 0

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Quadratic functions: f (x) = ax2 + bx + c, a 6= 0

a>0

dom f =

y-int: c
x-ints: real roots of
ax2 + bx + c = 0
2

ran f = [ 4acb
4a , +) or
b
[f ( 2a ), +)
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Quadratic functions: f (x) = ax2 + bx + c, a 6= 0

a>0

dom f =

a<0

y-int: c
x-ints: real roots of
ax2 + bx + c = 0
2

ran f = [ 4acb
4a , +) or
b
[f ( 2a ), +)
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Quadratic functions: f (x) = ax2 + bx + c, a 6= 0

a>0

dom f =

a<0

y-int: c
x-ints: real roots of
ax2 + bx + c = 0
2

ran f = [ 4acb
4a , +) or
b
[f ( 2a ), +)
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Quadratic functions: f (x) = ax2 + bx + c, a 6= 0

a>0

dom f =

a<0

dom f =

y-int: c

y-int: c

x-ints: real roots of

ax2 + bx + c = 0

x-ints: real roots of

ax2 + bx + c = 0

ran f = [ 4acb
4a , +) or
b
[f ( 2a ), +)
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Quadratic functions: f (x) = ax2 + bx + c, a 6= 0

a>0

dom f =

a<0

dom f =

y-int: c

y-int: c

x-ints: real roots of

ax2 + bx + c = 0

x-ints: real roots of

ax2 + bx + c = 0

ran f = [ 4acb
4a , +) or
b
[f ( 2a ), +)
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

ran f = (, 4acb
4a ] or
b
(, f ( 2a )]
Graphing Functions

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Some Basic Types of Functions

Example: f (x) = x2 and g(x) = x4 .

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Some Basic Types of Functions

Example: f (x) = x2 and g(x) = x4 .

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Some Basic Types of Functions

Example: f (x) = x3 and g(x) = x5 .

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Some Basic Types of Functions

Example: f (x) = x3 and g(x) = x5 .

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
- functions of the form f (x) =

P (x)
, where P and Q are polynomial
Q(x)

functions, Q(x) 6= 0.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
- functions of the form f (x) =

P (x)
, where P and Q are polynomial
Q(x)

functions, Q(x) 6= 0.
Examples: The following are rational functions:
f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

1
2x2 + 2
x4 16
, g(x) =
, h(x) = 2
x
x+2
x 4

Graphing Functions

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

x2 + 2x 3
.
x1

Graphing Functions

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

x2 + 2x 3
.
x1

Solution:

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

x2 + 2x 3
.
x1

Solution:
f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

(x + 3)(x 1)
=
x1

Graphing Functions

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

x2 + 2x 3
.
x1

Solution:
f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

(x + 3)(x 1)
= x + 3,
x1

Graphing Functions

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

x2 + 2x 3
.
x1

Solution:
f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

(x + 3)(x 1)
= x + 3, if x 6= 1
x1

Graphing Functions

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

x2 + 2x 3
.
x1

Solution:
(x + 3)(x 1)
= x + 3, if x 6= 1
x1
Note that when x = 1, x + 3 = 4.
f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

x2 + 2x 3
.
x1

Solution:
(x + 3)(x 1)
= x + 3, if x 6= 1
x1
Note that when x = 1, x + 3 = 4. The graph of f is identical to
g(x) = x + 3, but does not pass through P (1, 4).
f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

x2 + 2x 3
.
x1

Solution:
(x + 3)(x 1)
= x + 3, if x 6= 1
x1
Note that when x = 1, x + 3 = 4. The graph of f is identical to
g(x) = x + 3, but does not pass through P (1, 4).
f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

x2 + 2x 3
.
x1

Solution:
(x + 3)(x 1)
= x + 3, if x 6= 1
x1
Note that when x = 1, x + 3 = 4. The graph of f is identical to
g(x) = x + 3, but does not pass through P (1, 4).
f (x) =

dom f =
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

x2 + 2x 3
.
x1

Solution:
(x + 3)(x 1)
= x + 3, if x 6= 1
x1
Note that when x = 1, x + 3 = 4. The graph of f is identical to
g(x) = x + 3, but does not pass through P (1, 4).
f (x) =

dom f =
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

R\{1},
Graphing Functions

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

x2 + 2x 3
.
x1

Solution:
(x + 3)(x 1)
= x + 3, if x 6= 1
x1
Note that when x = 1, x + 3 = 4. The graph of f is identical to
g(x) = x + 3, but does not pass through P (1, 4).
f (x) =

dom f =
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

R\{1}, ran f =
Graphing Functions

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

x2 + 2x 3
.
x1

Solution:
(x + 3)(x 1)
= x + 3, if x 6= 1
x1
Note that when x = 1, x + 3 = 4. The graph of f is identical to
g(x) = x + 3, but does not pass through P (1, 4).
f (x) =

dom f =
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

R\{1}, ran f = R\{4}

Graphing Functions

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Example: Graph f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

x4 4x2
.
x2 4

Graphing Functions

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Example: Graph f (x) =

x4 4x2
.
x2 4

Solution:

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Graph f (x) =

x4 4x2
.
x2 4

Solution:
f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

x2 (x + 2)(x 2)
=
(x + 2)(x 2)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Graph f (x) =

x4 4x2
.
x2 4

Solution:
f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

x2 (x + 2)(x 2)
= x2 ,
(x + 2)(x 2)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Graph f (x) =

x4 4x2
.
x2 4

Solution:
f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

x2 (x + 2)(x 2)
= x2 , if x 6= 2, 2
(x + 2)(x 2)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Graph f (x) =

x4 4x2
.
x2 4

Solution:
f (x) =

x2 (x + 2)(x 2)
= x2 , if x 6= 2, 2
(x + 2)(x 2)

The graph of f is identical to g(x) = x2 , but does not pass through

P (2, 4) and Q(2, 4).

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Graph f (x) =

x4 4x2
.
x2 4

Solution:
f (x) =

x2 (x + 2)(x 2)
= x2 , if x 6= 2, 2
(x + 2)(x 2)

The graph of f is identical to g(x) = x2 , but does not pass through

P (2, 4) and Q(2, 4).

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Graph f (x) =

x4 4x2
.
x2 4

Solution:
f (x) =

x2 (x + 2)(x 2)
= x2 , if x 6= 2, 2
(x + 2)(x 2)

The graph of f is identical to g(x) = x2 , but does not pass through

P (2, 4) and Q(2, 4).

dom f =
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

R\{2, 2},
Graphing Functions

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Example: Graph f (x) =

x4 4x2
.
x2 4

Solution:
f (x) =

x2 (x + 2)(x 2)
= x2 , if x 6= 2, 2
(x + 2)(x 2)

The graph of f is identical to g(x) = x2 , but does not pass through

P (2, 4) and Q(2, 4).

dom f =
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

R\{2, 2}, ran f = [0, )\{4}

Graphing Functions

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RADICAL FUNCTIONS
- functions which involve radicals

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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RADICAL FUNCTIONS
- functions which involve radicals
Examples:
f (x) =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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RADICAL FUNCTIONS
- functions which involve radicals
Examples:
f (x) =

dom f = [0, )
ran f = [0, )

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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RADICAL FUNCTIONS
- functions which involve radicals
Examples:
f (x) =

f (x) =

dom f = [0, )
ran f = [0, )

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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RADICAL FUNCTIONS
- functions which involve radicals
Examples:
f (x) =

f (x) =

dom f = [0, )
ran f = [0, )

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

dom f =
ran f =

Graphing Functions

R
R
Lec. 15

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

16 x2 .

In general, eliminate radicals and take note of restrictions.

y=

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

p
16 x2

Graphing Functions

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

16 x2 .

In general, eliminate radicals and take note of restrictions.

y=

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

p
16 x2 Note that y 0

Graphing Functions

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

16 x2 .

In general, eliminate radicals and take note of restrictions.

y=

p
16 x2 Note that y 0

y 2 = 16 x2 , y 0

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

16 x2 .

In general, eliminate radicals and take note of restrictions.

y=

p
16 x2 Note that y 0

y 2 = 16 x2 , y 0
x2 + y 2 = 16, y 0

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

16 x2 .

In general, eliminate radicals and take note of restrictions.

y=

p
16 x2 Note that y 0

y 2 = 16 x2 , y 0
x2 + y 2 = 16, y 0

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

16 x2 .

In general, eliminate radicals and take note of restrictions.

y=

p
16 x2 Note that y 0

y 2 = 16 x2 , y 0
x2 + y 2 = 16, y 0
The graph is part of a circle centered at C(0, 0) and with radius 4. In
particular, take the portion with y 0.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

16 x2 .

In general, eliminate radicals and take note of restrictions.

y=

p
16 x2 Note that y 0

y 2 = 16 x2 , y 0
x2 + y 2 = 16, y 0
The graph is part of a circle centered at C(0, 0) and with radius 4. In
particular, take the portion with y 0.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

Lec. 15

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

16 x2 .

In general, eliminate radicals and take note of restrictions.

y=

p
16 x2 Note that y 0

y 2 = 16 x2 , y 0
x2 + y 2 = 16, y 0
The graph is part of a circle centered at C(0, 0) and with radius 4. In
particular, take the portion with y 0.

dom f =
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

Lec. 15

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

16 x2 .

In general, eliminate radicals and take note of restrictions.

y=

p
16 x2 Note that y 0

y 2 = 16 x2 , y 0
x2 + y 2 = 16, y 0
The graph is part of a circle centered at C(0, 0) and with radius 4. In
particular, take the portion with y 0.

dom f = [4, 4],

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

Lec. 15

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

16 x2 .

In general, eliminate radicals and take note of restrictions.

y=

p
16 x2 Note that y 0

y 2 = 16 x2 , y 0
x2 + y 2 = 16, y 0
The graph is part of a circle centered at C(0, 0) and with radius 4. In
particular, take the portion with y 0.

dom f = [4, 4], ran f =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

Lec. 15

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Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) =

16 x2 .

In general, eliminate radicals and take note of restrictions.

y=

p
16 x2 Note that y 0

y 2 = 16 x2 , y 0
x2 + y 2 = 16, y 0
The graph is part of a circle centered at C(0, 0) and with radius 4. In
particular, take the portion with y 0.

dom f = [4, 4], ran f = [0, 4]

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTIONS
- functions which are defined differently on different portions of its
domain

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTIONS
- functions which are defined differently on different portions of its
domain

3, if x < 1
Example: f (x) =
3,
if x 1

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTIONS
- functions which are defined differently on different portions of its
domain

3, if x < 1
Example: f (x) =
3,
if x 1

(1, 3)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

Lec. 15

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PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTIONS
- functions which are defined differently on different portions of its
domain

3, if x < 1
Example: f (x) =
3,
if x 1

(1, 3)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

Lec. 15

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PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTIONS
- functions which are defined differently on different portions of its
domain

3, if x < 1
Example: f (x) =
3,
if x 1
(1, 3)

(1, 3)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

Lec. 15

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PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTIONS
- functions which are defined differently on different portions of its
domain

3, if x < 1
Example: f (x) =
3,
if x 1
(1, 3)

(1, 3)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

Lec. 15

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PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTIONS
- functions which are defined differently on different portions of its
domain

3, if x < 1
Example: f (x) =
3,
if x 1
(1, 3)

(1, 3)

dom f =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

R,

Graphing Functions

Lec. 15

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PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTIONS
- functions which are defined differently on different portions of its
domain

3, if x < 1
Example: f (x) =
3,
if x 1
(1, 3)

(1, 3)

dom f =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

R,

ran f = {3, 3}

Graphing Functions

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Example: f (x) = |x|

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: f (x) = |x|

f (x) = |x| =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: f (x) = |x|


f (x) = |x| =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

x, if x < 0
x,
if x 0

Graphing Functions

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Example: f (x) = |x|


f (x) = |x| =

x, if x < 0
x,
if x 0

(1, 1)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: f (x) = |x|


f (x) = |x| =

x, if x < 0
x,
if x 0

(1, 1)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Example: f (x) = |x|


f (x) = |x| =

(1, 1)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

x, if x < 0
x,
if x 0

(1, 1)

Graphing Functions

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Example: f (x) = |x|


f (x) = |x| =

(1, 1)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

x, if x < 0
x,
if x 0

(1, 1)

Graphing Functions

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Example: f (x) = |x|


f (x) = |x| =

(1, 1)

dom f =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

x, if x < 0
x,
if x 0

(1, 1)

R,

Graphing Functions

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Example: f (x) = |x|


f (x) = |x| =

(1, 1)

dom f =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

x, if x < 0
x,
if x 0

(1, 1)

R,

ran f = [0, )

Graphing Functions

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To sketch the graph of |f |,

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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To sketch the graph of |f |, reflect all portions of the graph of f found

below the x-axis

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

Lec. 15

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To sketch the graph of |f |, reflect all portions of the graph of f found

below the x-axis about the x-axis

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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To sketch the graph of |f |, reflect all portions of the graph of f found

below the x-axis about the x-axis
Example: g(x) = |x2 2x|

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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To sketch the graph of |f |, reflect all portions of the graph of f found

below the x-axis about the x-axis
Example: g(x) = |x2 2x|
Note that the graph f (x) = x2 2x is a parabola with y-intercept 0,
x-intercepts 0 and 2, and vertex (1, 1).

(2, 0)
(1, 1)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

Lec. 15

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To sketch the graph of |f |, reflect all portions of the graph of f found

below the x-axis about the x-axis
Example: g(x) = |x2 2x|
Note that the graph f (x) = x2 2x is a parabola with y-intercept 0,
x-intercepts 0 and 2, and vertex (1, 1).

(1, 1)

(2, 0)
(1, 1)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

Lec. 15

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To sketch the graph of |f |, reflect all portions of the graph of f found

below the x-axis about the x-axis
Example: g(x) = |x2 2x|
Note that the graph f (x) = x2 2x is a parabola with y-intercept 0,
x-intercepts 0 and 2, and vertex (1, 1).

(1, 1)

(2, 0)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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| 2x 6|,
if x 1

x3 , if 1 < x < 1
f (x) =

2,
if x = 1

2x + 6,
if x > 1

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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| 2x 6|,
if x 1

x3 , if 1 < x < 1
f (x) =

2,
if x = 1

2x + 6,
if x > 1

(3, 0)

(1, 4)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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| 2x 6|,
if x 1

x3 , if 1 < x < 1
f (x) =

2,
if x = 1

2x + 6,
if x > 1

(3, 0)

(1, 4)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

Lec. 15

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| 2x 6|,
if x 1

x3 , if 1 < x < 1
f (x) =

2,
if x = 1

2x + 6,
if x > 1

(1, 4)

(3, 0)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

Lec. 15

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| 2x 6|,
if x 1

x3 , if 1 < x < 1
f (x) =

2,
if x = 1

2x + 6,
if x > 1

(1, 4)

(1, 1)

(3, 0)
(1, 1)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

Lec. 15

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| 2x 6|,
if x 1

x3 , if 1 < x < 1
f (x) =

2,
if x = 1

2x + 6,
if x > 1

(1, 4)

(1, 1)

(3, 0)
(1, 1)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

Lec. 15

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| 2x 6|,
if x 1

x3 , if 1 < x < 1
f (x) =

2,
if x = 1

2x + 6,
if x > 1

(1, 4)

(1, 2)
(1, 1)

(3, 0)
(1, 1)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

Lec. 15

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| 2x 6|,
if x 1

x3 , if 1 < x < 1
f (x) =

2,
if x = 1

2x + 6,
if x > 1

(1, 4) (1, 4)

(1, 2)
(1, 1)
(3, 0)
(3, 0)
(1, 1)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

Lec. 15

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| 2x 6|,
if x 1

x3 , if 1 < x < 1
f (x) =

2,
if x = 1

2x + 6,
if x > 1

(1, 4) (1, 4)

(1, 2)
(1, 1)
(3, 0)
(3, 0)
(1, 1)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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Exercises:
1

Given f (x) =
1
2
3

4x2
x2

Find dom f and solve for its zeros.

Is the function odd or even? Justify your answer algebraically.
Sketch its graph and label its x and y intercepts.

A ball is thrown upward from the roof of a building that is 30 meters

high. If it is known that the position of the ball with respect to the
ground after x seconds is h(x) = 5x2 + 20x + 30 meters, determine
the maximum height reached by the ball, and how long it takes before
the ball hits the ground.
Determine the dimensions of the rectangle with perimeter 25 feet
having the largest possible area.

x + 4 if x < 2
|x| if 1 < x < 1 .
Given g(x) =

2
if x > 3
Sketch its graph and label its x and y intercepts.
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Graphing Functions

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