A9 - Inequalities

Inequalities
Mathematics 17
Institute of Mathematics, University of the Philippines-Diliman
Lecture 9
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Outline
Inequalities
Interval Notation
Order Axioms
Solving Inequalities involving:

Polynomials and Rational Expressions
Absolute Value
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Inequalities
An inequality is a statement saying that one expression is less than or

equal to another.
3x 2 < 3x + 1
2x
1x
x+1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
x+3x+7
|2x 1| > 1
Inequalities
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Inequalities
An absolute inequality is an inequality that is true for all permissible values.

Example: x2 + 1 2x
x < |x| + 1
A conditional inequality is an inequality that is true only for some real

values.
2x
Example: x > 2
1x
x+1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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A solution to an inequality is a value of the variable that makes the

inequality true.
The solution set of an inequality is the set of all solutions of the inequality.
Example: The solution set of x2 > x is (, 0) (1, +).
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Aim for this lecture
To be able to solve precisely for the solution set of an inequality.
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Interval Notation
All real numbers can be put in sequence on a number line.
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Interval Notation
Let a R.
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Interval Notation
Let a R.
(a, +) = {x R|x > a}
a
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Interval Notation
Let a R.
[a, +) = {x R|x a}
a
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Interval Notation
Let a R.
(, a) = {x R|x < a}
a
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Interval Notation
Let a R.
(, a] = {x R|x a}
a
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Interval Notation
Let a, b R such that a < b.
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Interval Notation

(a, b) = {x R|a < x < b}
a
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Interval Notation

[a, b) = {x R|a x < b}
a
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Interval Notation

(a, b] = {x R|a < x b}
a
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Interval Notation

[a, b] = {x R|a x b}
a
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Order Axioms
Given a, b R such that a < b,

a + c < b + c for all c R
if c > 0, then ac < bc
if c < 0, then ac > bc
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Example: Find the solution set of 3x + 1 > x + 7.

Solution.
3x + 1 > x + 7 given
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Solution.
3x + 1 > x + 7 given
3x x > 7 1 additive property
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Solution.
3x + 1 > x + 7 given
3x x > 7 1 additive property
2x > 6
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Solution.
3x + 1
3x x
2x
x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
>
>
>
>
x + 7 given
7 1 additive property
6
3
Inequalities
Lec 9
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Solution.
3x + 1
3x x
2x
x
>
>
>
>
x + 7 given
7 1 additive property
6
3
Hence, the solution set is (3, +).
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Example: Find all real values of x satisfying
2x + 1
2x 1
+ .
4
3
6
Solution.
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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2x + 1
2x 1
+ .
4
3
6
Solution.

12
2x + 1
4
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
2x 1
+
3
6

12 multiply by LCD
Inequalities
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2x + 1
2x 1
+ .
4
3
6
Solution.

2x + 1
2x 1
+
multiply by LCD
4
3
6
3(2x + 1) 4(2x) + 2(1)
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
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2x + 1
2x 1
+ .
4
3
6
Solution.

2x + 1
2x 1
+
multiply by LCD
4
3
6
3(2x + 1) 4(2x) + 2(1)
6x 8x 2 3
additive property
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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2x + 1
2x 1
+ .
4
3
6
Solution.

2x + 1
4
3(2x + 1)
6x 8x
2x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

2x 1
+
multiply by LCD
3
6
4(2x) + 2(1)
23
additive property
1
Inequalities
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2x + 1
2x 1
+ .
4
3
6
Solution.

2x + 1
4
3(2x + 1)
6x 8x
2x(1/2 )
x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

2x 1
+
multiply by LCD
3
6
4(2x) + 2(1)
23
additive property
1(1/2 )
1/
multiplicative property
2
Inequalities
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2x + 1
2x 1
+ .
4
3
6
Solution.

2x + 1
4
3(2x + 1)
6x 8x
2x
x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

2x 1
+
multiply by LCD
3
6
4(2x) + 2(1)
23
additive property
1
1/
2
Inequalities
Lec 9
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2x + 1
2x 1
+ .
4
3
6
Solution.

2x + 1
4
3(2x + 1)
6x 8x
2x
x

2x 1
+
multiply by LCD
3
6
4(2x) + 2(1)
23
additive property
1
1/
2

Hence, the solution set is ,1/2 .
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Example: Find the solution set of x2 2x < 2x 3.

Solution.
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Solution.
x2 4x + 3 < 0
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Standard Form
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Solution.
x2 4x + 3 < 0
(x 1)(x 3) < 0
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Standard Form
Factor
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Solution.
x2 4x + 3 < 0
Standard Form
(x 1)(x 3) < 0
Factor
critical numbers : 1, 3
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Solution.
x2 4x + 3 < 0
Standard Form
(x 1)(x 3) < 0
Factor
Table of Signs:
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Solution.
x2 4x + 3 < 0
Standard Form
(x 1)(x 3) < 0
Factor
Table of Signs:
(, 1) (1, 3) (3, )
x1
x3
(x 1)(x 3)
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
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Solution.
x2 4x + 3 < 0
Standard Form
(x 1)(x 3) < 0
Factor
Table of Signs:
x1
x3
(x 1)(x 3)
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 3) (3, )
Inequalities
Lec 9
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Solution.
x2 4x + 3 < 0
Standard Form
(x 1)(x 3) < 0
Factor
Table of Signs:
x1
x3
(x 1)(x 3)
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 3) (3, )
Inequalities
Lec 9
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Solution.
x2 4x + 3 < 0
Standard Form
(x 1)(x 3) < 0
Factor
Table of Signs:
x1
x3
(x 1)(x 3)
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 3) (3, )
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
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Solution.
x2 4x + 3 < 0
Standard Form
(x 1)(x 3) < 0
Factor
Table of Signs:
x1
x3
(x 1)(x 3)
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 3) (3, )
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
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Solution.
x2 4x + 3 < 0
Standard Form
(x 1)(x 3) < 0
Factor
Table of Signs:
x1
x3
(x 1)(x 3)
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 3) (3, )
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
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Solution.
x2 4x + 3 < 0
Standard Form
(x 1)(x 3) < 0
Factor
Table of Signs:
x1
x3
(x 1)(x 3)
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 3) (3, )
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
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Solution.
x2 4x + 3 < 0
Standard Form
(x 1)(x 3) < 0
Factor
Table of Signs:
(, 1) (1, 3) (3, )
x1
+
+
x3
+
(x 1)(x 3)
+
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
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Solution.
x2 4x + 3 < 0
Standard Form
(x 1)(x 3) < 0
Factor
Table of Signs:
(, 1) (1, 3) (3, )
x1
+
+
x3
+
(x 1)(x 3)
+
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
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Solution.
x2 4x + 3 < 0
Standard Form
(x 1)(x 3) < 0
Factor
Table of Signs:
(, 1) (1, 3) (3, )
x1
+
+
x3
+
(x 1)(x 3)
+
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
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Solution.
x2 4x + 3 < 0
Standard Form
(x 1)(x 3) < 0
Factor
Table of Signs:
(, 1) (1, 3) (3, )
x1
+
+
x3
+
(x 1)(x 3)
+
+
Hence, the solution set is (1, 3).
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
x+2
x
x
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0 x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
x+2
x
Inequalities
x+2
x
x
Standard Form
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Math 17 (UP-IMath)
x+2
x
x2 x 2
x
x+2
x
x
0 x
Standard Form
Simplify
Inequalities
Lec 9
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x+2
x
x2 x 2
x
(x + 1)(x 2)
x
0 x
Standard Form
Simplify
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
x+2
x
x
Inequalities
Factor
Lec 9
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x+2
x
x
x+2
x
x2 x 2
0
x
(x + 1)(x 2)
0
x
critical numbers : 1, 0, 2
0 x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Standard Form
Simplify
Factor
Lec 9
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x+2
x
x
x+2
x
x2 x 2
0
x
(x + 1)(x 2)
0
x
0 x
Standard Form
Simplify
Factor
Table of Signs:
(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )
x+1
x
x2
x2 x 2
x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
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x+2
x
x
x+2
x
x2 x 2
0
x
(x + 1)(x 2)
0
x
0 x
Standard Form
Simplify
Factor
Table of Signs:
x+1
x
x2
x2 x 2
x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )
Inequalities
Lec 9
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x+2
x
x
x+2
x
x2 x 2
0
x
(x + 1)(x 2)
0
x
0 x
Standard Form
Simplify
Factor
Table of Signs:
x+1
x
x2
x2 x 2
x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )
Inequalities
Lec 9
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x+2
x
x
x+2
x
x2 x 2
0
x
(x + 1)(x 2)
0
x
0 x
Standard Form
Simplify
Factor
Table of Signs:
x+1
x
x2
x2 x 2
x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
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x+2
x
x
x+2
x
x2 x 2
0
x
(x + 1)(x 2)
0
x
0 x
Standard Form
Simplify
Factor
Table of Signs:
x+1
x
x2
x2 x 2
x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )
+
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
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x+2
x
x
x+2
x
x2 x 2
0
x
(x + 1)(x 2)
0
x
0 x
Standard Form
Simplify
Factor
Table of Signs:
x+1
x
x2
x2 x 2
x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )
+
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
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x+2
x
x
x+2
x
x2 x 2
0
x
(x + 1)(x 2)
0
x
0 x
Standard Form
Simplify
Factor
Table of Signs:
x+1
x
x2
x2 x 2
x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )
+
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
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x+2
x
x
x+2
x
x2 x 2
0
x
(x + 1)(x 2)
0
x
0 x
Standard Form
Simplify
Factor
Table of Signs:
x+1
x
x2
x2 x 2
x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )
+
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
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x+2
x
x
x+2
x
x2 x 2
0
x
(x + 1)(x 2)
0
x
0 x
Standard Form
Simplify
Factor
Table of Signs:
x+1
x
x2
x2 x 2
x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )
+
+
+
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
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x+2
x
x
x+2
x
x2 x 2
0
x
(x + 1)(x 2)
0
x
0 x
Standard Form
Simplify
Factor
Table of Signs:
x+1
x
x2
x2 x 2
x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )
+
+
+
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
13 / 27
x+2
x
x
x+2
x
x2 x 2
0
x
(x + 1)(x 2)
0
x
0 x
Standard Form
Simplify
Factor
Table of Signs:
x+1
x
x2
x2 x 2
x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )
+
+
+
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
13 / 27
x+2
x
x
x+2
x
x2 x 2
0
x
(x + 1)(x 2)
0
x
0 x
Standard Form
Simplify
Factor
Table of Signs:
x+1
x
x2
x2 x 2
x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )
+
+
+
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
13 / 27
x+2
x
x
x+2
x
x2 x 2
0
x
(x + 1)(x 2)
0
x
0 x
Standard Form
Simplify
Factor
Table of Signs:
x+1
x
x2
x2 x 2
x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )
+
+
+
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
13 / 27
x+2
x
x
x+2
x
x2 x 2
0
x
(x + 1)(x 2)
0
x
0 x
Standard Form
Simplify
Factor
Table of Signs:
x+1
x
x2
x2 x 2
x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )
+
+
+
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
13 / 27
x+2
x
x
x+2
x
x2 x 2
0
x
(x + 1)(x 2)
0
x
0 x
Standard Form
Simplify
Factor
Table of Signs:
x+1
x
x2
x2 x 2
x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )
+
+
+
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
13 / 27
x+2
x
x
x+2
x
x2 x 2
0
x
(x + 1)(x 2)
0
x
0 x
Standard Form
Simplify
Factor
Table of Signs:
x+1
x
x2
x2 x 2
x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )
+
+
+
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
13 / 27
x+2
x
x
x+2
x
x2 x 2
0
x
(x + 1)(x 2)
0
x
0 x
Standard Form
Simplify
Factor
Table of Signs:
x+1
x
x2
x2 x 2
x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )
+
+
+
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
13 / 27
x+2
x
x
x+2
x
x2 x 2
0
x
(x + 1)(x 2)
0
x
0 x
Standard Form
Simplify
Factor
Table of Signs:
(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )
+
+
+
+
+
x+1
x
x2
x2 x 2
+
x
Hence, the solution set is [1, 0) [2, ).
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
13 / 27
Strategies in Solving Inequalities
Always put NON-LINEAR inequalities in STANDARD FORM

NEVER multiply both sides of an inequality by an expression that
has varying signs for different values of x
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
14 / 27
Inequalities with Absolute Value
Let E be any real expression and k R.

If k < 0, then
|E| > k is always true
|E| < k is never true
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Let E be any real expression and let k > 0. Then
|E| < k
-k
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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|E| < k
-k
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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|E| < k k < E < k
-k
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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|E| < k k < E < k E > k and E < k
-k
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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|E| k k E k E k and E k
-k
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Find the solution set of |x 1| 3

Solution.
3 x 1 3
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
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Solution.
3 x 1 3
13
x
3+1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
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Solution.
3 x 1 3
13
x
3+1
2
x
4
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
17 / 27

Solution.
3 x 1 3
13
x
3+1
2
x
4
Hence, the solution set is [2, 4].
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
17 / 27

x
1
Example : Find all real values of x that satisfy
x 2
Solution:
1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
x
x2
and
Inequalities
x
x2
Lec 9
18 / 27

x
1
x 2
Solution:
1
0
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
x
x2
and
x
x2
+
x2 x2
Inequalities
x
x2
x2
x
+
x2 x2
Lec 9
18 / 27

x
1
x 2
Solution:
1
x
x2
x
x2
+
x2 x2
2x 2
x2
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
and
and
Inequalities
x
x2
x2
x
+
x2 x2
2
x2
Lec 9
18 / 27

x

1
x 2
Solution (cont):
2x 2
0 :
For
x2
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
19 / 27

x

1
x 2
Solution (cont):
2x 2
0 :
For
x2
Table of Signs:
1
2
(, 1) (1, 2) (2, )
2(x 1)
x2
2(x 1)
x2
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
19 / 27

x

1
x 2
Solution (cont):
2x 2
0 :
For
x2
Table of Signs:
1
2
2(x 1)
x2
2(x 1)
x2
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 2) (2, )
Inequalities
Lec 9
19 / 27

x

1
x 2
Solution (cont):
2x 2
0 :
For
x2
Table of Signs:
1
2
2(x 1)
x2
2(x 1)
x2
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 2) (2, )
Inequalities
Lec 9
19 / 27

x

1
x 2
Solution (cont):
2x 2
0 :
For
x2
Table of Signs:
1
2
2(x 1)
x2
2(x 1)
x2
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 2) (2, )
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
19 / 27

x

1
x 2
Solution (cont):
2x 2
0 :
For
x2
Table of Signs:
1
2
2(x 1)
x2
2(x 1)
x2
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 2) (2, )
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
19 / 27

x

1
x 2
Solution (cont):
2x 2
0 :
For
x2
Table of Signs:
1
2
2(x 1)
x2
2(x 1)
x2
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 2) (2, )
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
19 / 27

x

1
x 2
Solution (cont):
2x 2
0 :
For
x2
Table of Signs:
1
2
2(x 1)
x2
2(x 1)
x2
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 2) (2, )
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
19 / 27

x

1
x 2
Solution (cont):
2x 2
0 :
For
x2
Table of Signs:
1
2
2(x 1)
x2
2(x 1)
x2
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 2) (2, )
+
+
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
19 / 27

x

1
x 2
Solution (cont):
2x 2
0 :
For
x2
Table of Signs:
1
2
2(x 1)
x2
2(x 1)
x2
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 2) (2, )
+
+
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
19 / 27

x

1
x 2
Solution (cont):
2x 2
0 :
For
x2
Table of Signs:
1
2
2(x 1)
x2
2(x 1)
x2
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(, 1) (1, 2) (2, )
+
+
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
19 / 27

x

1
x 2
Solution (cont):
2x 2
0 :
For
x2
Table of Signs:
1
2
2(x 1)
x2
2(x 1)
x2
(, 1) (1, 2) (2, )
+
+
+
+
Solution set is SS2 = (, 1] (2, )

Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
19 / 27

x
1

x 2
Solution (cont):
2
0 :
For
x2
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
solution set is
Inequalities
Lec 9
20 / 27

x
1

x 2
Solution (cont):
2
0 :
For
x2
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
solution set is SS1 = (, 2).
Inequalities
Lec 9
20 / 27

x
1

x 2
Solution (cont):
2
0 : solution set is SS1 = (, 2).
For
x2
Getting the intersection,
SS1 SS2 = ((, 1] (2, )) (, 2)
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
20 / 27

x
1

x 2
Solution (cont):
2
0 : solution set is SS1 = (, 2).
For
x2
SS1 SS2 = ((, 1] (2, )) (, 2)
Thus, the solution set is (, 1].
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
20 / 27

|E| > k
-k
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
21 / 27

|E| > k
-k
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
21 / 27

|E| > k E < k or E > k
-k
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
21 / 27

|E| k E k or E k
-k
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
21 / 27
Example: Find the solution set of |2x 1| 4

Solution:
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
22 / 27

Solution:
2x 1 4
2x 1 4
or
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
22 / 27

Solution:
2x 1 4
2x 4 + 1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
2x 1 4
or
Inequalities
Lec 9
22 / 27

Solution:
2x 1 4
2x 4 + 1
x 3/2
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
2x 1 4
or
Inequalities
Lec 9
22 / 27

Solution:
2x 1 4
2x 4 + 1
x 3/2
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
or
Inequalities
2x 1 4
2x 4 + 1
Lec 9
22 / 27

Solution:
2x 1 4
2x 4 + 1
x 3/2
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
or
Inequalities
2x 1 4
2x 4 + 1
x 5/2
Lec 9
22 / 27

Solution:
2x 1 4
2x 4 + 1
x 3/2
or
2x 1 4
2x 4 + 1
x 5/2

Hence, the solution set is , 3/2 5/2 , .
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
22 / 27

x + 1

2.
Example: Find all real values of x that satisfy
x 1
Solution:
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
23 / 27

x + 1

2.
x 1
Solution:
x+1
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
or
Inequalities
x+1
x1
Lec 9
23 / 27

x + 1

2.
x 1
Solution:

2
x1
x1

+
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
x+1
x1
x+1
x1
or
Inequalities
x+1
x1
Lec 9
23 / 27

x + 1

2.
x 1
Solution:

2
x1
x1
x+1
x1
x+1
x1
3x 1
x1

+
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
or
Inequalities
x+1
x1
Lec 9
23 / 27

x + 1

2.
x 1
Solution:
x+1
x1

2
x1
x1
x+1
+
x1
3x 1
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
or
Inequalities
x1
x1

+
x+1
x1
x+1
x1
Lec 9
23 / 27

x + 1

2.
x 1
Solution:
x+1
x1

2
x1
x1
x+1
+
x1
3x 1
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
x+1
x1
x+1
x1
x + 3
x1
or
or
Inequalities
x1
x1

+
Lec 9
23 / 27

x + 1

2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
3x 1
0 :
For
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
24 / 27

x + 1

2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
3x 1
0 :
For
x1
Table of Signs:
1/3
1
(,1/3 ) (1/3 , 1) (1, )
3x 1
x1
3x 1
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
24 / 27

x + 1

2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
3x 1
0 :
For
x1
Table of Signs:
1/3
1
3x 1
x1
3x 1
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(,1/3 ) (1/3 , 1) (1, )
Inequalities
Lec 9
24 / 27

x + 1

2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
3x 1
0 :
For
x1
Table of Signs:
1/3
1
3x 1
x1
3x 1
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(,1/3 ) (1/3 , 1) (1, )
Inequalities
Lec 9
24 / 27

x + 1

2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
3x 1
0 :
For
x1
Table of Signs:
1/3
1
3x 1
x1
3x 1
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(,1/3 ) (1/3 , 1) (1, )
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
24 / 27

x + 1

2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
3x 1
0 :
For
x1
Table of Signs:
1/3
1
3x 1
x1
3x 1
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(,1/3 ) (1/3 , 1) (1, )
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
24 / 27

x + 1

2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
3x 1
0 :
For
x1
Table of Signs:
1/3
1
3x 1
x1
3x 1
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(,1/3 ) (1/3 , 1) (1, )
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
24 / 27

x + 1

2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
3x 1
0 :
For
x1
Table of Signs:
1/3
1
3x 1
x1
3x 1
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(,1/3 ) (1/3 , 1) (1, )
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
24 / 27

x + 1

2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
3x 1
0 :
For
x1
Table of Signs:
1/3
1
3x 1
x1
3x 1
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(,1/3 ) (1/3 , 1) (1, )
+
+
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
24 / 27

x + 1

2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
3x 1
0 :
For
x1
Table of Signs:
1/3
1
3x 1
x1
3x 1
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(,1/3 ) (1/3 , 1) (1, )
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
24 / 27

x + 1

2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
3x 1
0 :
For
x1
Table of Signs:
1/3
1
3x 1
x1
3x 1
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
(,1/3 ) (1/3 , 1) (1, )
+
+
Inequalities
Lec 9
24 / 27

x + 1

2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
3x 1
0 :
For
x1
Table of Signs:
1/3
1
3x 1
x1
3x 1
x1
(,1/3 ) (1/3 , 1) (1, )
+
+
Solution set is SS1 = [1/3 , 1).

Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
24 / 27

x + 1
2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
x + 3
0 :
For
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
25 / 27

x + 1
2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
x + 3
0 :
For
x1
Table of Signs:
1
3
(, 1) (1, 3) (3, )
x + 3
x1
3x 1
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
25 / 27

x + 1
2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
x + 3
0 :
For
x1
Table of Signs:
1
3
(, 1) (1, 3) (3, )
x + 3
+
x1
3x 1
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
25 / 27

x + 1
2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
x + 3
0 :
For
x1
Table of Signs:
1
3
(, 1) (1, 3) (3, )
x + 3
+
+
x1
3x 1
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
25 / 27

x + 1
2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
x + 3
0 :
For
x1
Table of Signs:
1
3
(, 1) (1, 3) (3, )
x + 3
+
+
x1
3x 1
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
25 / 27

x + 1
2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
x + 3
0 :
For
x1
Table of Signs:
1
3
(, 1) (1, 3) (3, )
x + 3
+
+
x1
3x 1
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
25 / 27

x + 1
2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
x + 3
0 :
For
x1
Table of Signs:
1
3
(, 1) (1, 3) (3, )
x + 3
+
+
x1
+
3x 1
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
25 / 27

x + 1
2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
x + 3
0 :
For
x1
Table of Signs:
1
3
(, 1) (1, 3) (3, )
x + 3
+
+
x1
+
+
3x 1
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
25 / 27

x + 1
2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
x + 3
0 :
For
x1
Table of Signs:
1
3
(, 1) (1, 3) (3, )
x + 3
+
+
x1
+
+
3x 1
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
25 / 27

x + 1
2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
x + 3
0 :
For
x1
Table of Signs:
1
3
(, 1) (1, 3) (3, )
x + 3
+
+
x1
+
+
3x 1
+
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
25 / 27

x + 1
2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
x + 3
0 :
For
x1
Table of Signs:
1
3
(, 1) (1, 3) (3, )
x + 3
+
+
x1
+
+
3x 1
x1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
25 / 27

x + 1
2.
x 1
Solution(cont):
x + 3
0 :
For
x1
Table of Signs:
1
3
(, 1) (1, 3) (3, )
x + 3
+
+
x1
+
+
3x 1
x1
Solution set is SS2 = (1, 3] .
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
25 / 27

x + 1

2.
x 1
Solution(cont):

x + 1

2 if and only if x SS1 = [1/3 , 1) or x SS2 = (1, 3].
Hence,
x 1
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
26 / 27

x + 1

2.
x 1
Solution(cont):

x + 1

2 if and only if x SS1 = [1/3 , 1) or x SS2 = (1, 3].
Hence,
x 1
the solution set is [1/3 , 3] \ {1}
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
26 / 27
Exercises:
Find the solution set of the following intequalities:
2x + 1
2x 1
1
+
4
3
6
2 2 < 5 + 3x < 20
x
2
3
x + 1 x + 3
9 2x

4
4x 1
5
0 < |x 5| < 2
Next Meeting: the Two-Dimensional Coordinate System
Math 17 (UP-IMath)
Inequalities
Lec 9
27 / 27

A9 - Inequalities

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A9 - Inequalities

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Inequalities

Solving Inequalities involving:

An inequality is a statement saying that one expression is less than or

An absolute inequality is an inequality that is true for all permissible values.

A conditional inequality is an inequality that is true only for some real

A solution to an inequality is a value of the variable that makes the

Aim for this lecture

To be able to solve precisely for the solution set of an inequality.

All real numbers can be put in sequence on a number line.

Let a, b R such that a < b.

Let a, b R such that a < b.

Let a, b R such that a < b.

Let a, b R such that a < b.

Let a, b R such that a < b.

Given a, b R such that a < b,

Example: Find the solution set of 3x + 1 > x + 7.

Example: Find the solution set of 3x + 1 > x + 7.

Example: Find the solution set of 3x + 1 > x + 7.

Example: Find the solution set of 3x + 1 > x + 7.

Example: Find the solution set of 3x + 1 > x + 7.

Hence, the solution set is (3, +).

Example: Find all real values of x satisfying

Example: Find all real values of x satisfying

Example: Find all real values of x satisfying

Example: Find all real values of x satisfying

Example: Find all real values of x satisfying

Example: Find all real values of x satisfying

Example: Find all real values of x satisfying

Example: Find all real values of x satisfying

Example: Find the solution set of x2 2x < 2x 3.

Example: Find the solution set of x2 2x < 2x 3.

Example: Find the solution set of x2 2x < 2x 3.

Example: Find the solution set of x2 2x < 2x 3.

Example: Find the solution set of x2 2x < 2x 3.

Example: Find the solution set of x2 2x < 2x 3.

Example: Find the solution set of x2 2x < 2x 3.

Example: Find the solution set of x2 2x < 2x 3.

Example: Find the solution set of x2 2x < 2x 3.

Example: Find the solution set of x2 2x < 2x 3.

Example: Find the solution set of x2 2x < 2x 3.

Example: Find the solution set of x2 2x < 2x 3.

Example: Find the solution set of x2 2x < 2x 3.

Example: Find the solution set of x2 2x < 2x 3.

Example: Find the solution set of x2 2x < 2x 3.

Example: Find the solution set of x2 2x < 2x 3.

Example: Find all real values of x satisfying

Example: Find all real values of x satisfying

Example: Find all real values of x satisfying

Example: Find all real values of x satisfying

Example: Find all real values of x satisfying

Example: Find all real values of x satisfying

Example: Find all real values of x satisfying

(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )

Example: Find all real values of x satisfying

(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )

Example: Find all real values of x satisfying

(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )

Example: Find all real values of x satisfying

(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )

Example: Find all real values of x satisfying

(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )

Example: Find all real values of x satisfying

(, 1) (1, 0) (0, 2) (2, )

Example: Find all real values of x satisfying