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Characteristics
Single Seller: In a monopoly there is one seller of the monopolized good who
produces all the output.[3] Therefore, the whole market is being served by a single
firm, and for practical purposes, the firm is the same as the industry. In a
competitive market (that is, a market with perfect competition) there are an
infinite number of sellers each producing an infinitesimally small quantity of
output.
Market Power: Market Power is the ability to affect the terms and conditions of
exchange so that the price of the product is set by the firm (price is not imposed
by the market as in perfect competition).[4][5] Although a monopoly's market power
is high it is still limited by the demand side of the market. A monopoly faces a
negatively sloped demand curve not a perfectly inelastic curve. Consequently,
any price increase will result in the loss of some customers
Monopolies derive their market power from barriers to entry - circumstances that
prevent or greatly impede a potential competitor's entry into the market or ability to
compete in the market. There are three major types of barriers to entry; economic, legal
and deliberate.[6]
Legal Barriers: Legal rights can provide opportunity to monopolize the market in
a good. Intellectual property rights, including patents and copyrights, give a
monopolist exclusive control over the production and selling of certain goods.
Property rights may give a firm the exclusive control over the materials necessary
to produce a good.
price maker.[16] The monopoly is the market[17] and prices are set by the monopolist
based on his circumstances and not the interaction of demand and supply. The two
primary factors determining monopoly market power are the firm's demand curve and its
cost structure.[18]
Product differentiation: There is zero product differentiation in a perfectly competitive
market. Every product is perfectly homogeneous and a perfect substitute. With a
monopoly there is high to absolute product differentiation in the sense that there is no
available substitute for a monopolized good. The monopolist is the sole supplier of the
good in question.[19] A customer either buys from the monopolist on her terms or does
without.
Number of competitors: PC markets are populated by an infinite number of buyers
and sellers. Monopoly involves a single seller.[19]