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Single-stranded
negative-sense
RNA
of
approximately 12 kb rabies virus has 12 viral
species (RABV; geno-type I) belongs to the genus
Lyssavirus in the family Rhabdoviridae. These are
responsible for greater than 55,000 human deaths
annually throughout the world. Humans are infected
by RABV through the saliva of infected carnivores
and bat in America. In Latin America, common
vampire bat (Desmodusrotundus) and several other
Neotropical bat species are major cause of rabies
infection [5], [48], [49]. In Ontario, Canada, more
than 54,800 animals were infected with rabies, from
1954 to 2006 (no including clinical cases). Red foxes
(Vulpesvulpes; 46%) and striped skunks (Mephitis
mephitis; 20%) are infected with an Arctic variant of
rabies virus from the majority (66%) cases [36].
Author Praveen Gaurav Singh is currently
pursuing master of technology program in
biotechnology
engineering
in
Lovely
Professional University, Chiheru, Kapurthala,
Punjab,
India,
PH-9041382361.
E-mail:
singhpraveengaurav@gmail.com
Co-Author S. K. Singh is currently Assistance
Professor in School of Biosciences and
Biotechnology
in
Lovely
Professional
University, Chiheru, Kapurthala, Punjab, India,
PH-01123456789.
E-mail:
author_name@mail.com
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IJBSTR REV
VIEW PAPER (R
RVP-3) VOL 1 [IS
SSUE 2] FEBRUAR Y
2013
ISSN 23200-6020
2.2 Structure
S
of N-RNA
N
Coplex
Fig.1. Show
w the rabies virus
v
envelope with Matrix
(M) proteinn, Glycoproteiin (G), Nucleeocap
protein and lipid [54].
NTD
D (N-terminall core domainn) have 32 too 233
residdues of aminoo acid. Foldeed helical strructure
consiist 6 helices annd connected bby a large loopss.CTD
(C-teerminal core doomain) have 2336 to 356 aminno acid
residdues. CTD is ccomposed of 111 helices joinned by
loop tighter than NT
TD [50].
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2.3 Infection
Rabies viruses can cause the fatal diseasedue to the
replication in central nervous system, so known as
neurotropic virus. RV invades the central nervous
system (CNS) from peripheral sites, due to this RV
known as neuroinvasivenes. This process expressed
thepathogenicity of rabies virus [47]. Rabies or
Rabies related virus caused hindlimb paralysis in
immunocompetent in mice and hamsters [15].
ISSN 2320-6020
References
3 Rabies Vaccines
3.1 OspA lipoprotein
OspA lipoprotein is found on outer surface protein of
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto ZS7 and expressed
by Escherichia coli. OspA lipoprotein contains
lipoprotein OspA and use as vaccine against Lyme
diease. Single polypeptide chain of OspA consist of
257 amino acids with lipds covalently bonded to N
terminus and is conjugated with aluminum hydroxide
as an adjuvant. The protein chemical formula of this
vaccine is C1198H2012N322 - -O422S2 with average
molecular weight of 27743.1000. In vitro condition,
this vaccine has 1.2 hour half-time (Tested in
mammalian reticulocytes). The hydrophobicity and
isoelectric point of this protein is -0.65 and 6.72
respectively [53].
3.2 Imovax (Human Diploid Cell) & RabAvert
(Chicken Fibroblasts)
Imovax- The imovax (trade name) are present in the
form of powder for injection. PM-1503-3M strain of
rabies virus (freeze-dried suspension) are cultured in
human diploid cell culture for vaccine production and
available at least 2.5 international unit rabies
antigen/ml.
RabAvert- The RabAvert are present in the form of
powder for injection. RabAvert are produced by the
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Infection
and
[25] B.Wojczyk et al. The Role of Site-Specific Nglycosylation in Secretion of Soluble Forms of
Rabies Virus Glycoprotein. Glycobiology vol. 8 no.
2 pp. 121130, 1998.
[26] Cox and Schneider. Prophylactic Immunization
of Humans Against Rabies by Intradermal
Inoculation of Human Diploid Cell Culture Vaccine.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Feb. 1976, p. 96101.
[27] Deborah A. Grosenbaugh et al. Rabies
Challenge of Captive Striped Skunks (Mephitis
mephitis) following Oral Administration of a Live
Vaccinia-Vectored Rabies Vaccine. Journal of
Wildlife Diseases, 43(1), 2007, pp. 124128.
[28] P. Coulon et al. Molecular Basis of Rabies
Virus Virulence. I. Selection of Avirulent Mutants of
the CVS Strain with Anti G Monoelonal Antibodies.
J. gen. Virol. (1982), 61, 97-100.
[29] C. Prehaud et al. Characterization of a New
Temperature-sensitive and Avirulent Mutant of the
Rabies Virus. J. gen. Viral. (1989), 70, 133-143.
[30] Francoise Bussereau et al. Isolation and Study
of Temperature-sensitive Mutants of Rabies Virus.
J. gen. Virol. (1982), 60, 153-158.
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[53]Drugbank, http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB000
45#propertie
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[54]http://www.wormsandgermsblog.com/2012/07/ar
ticles/animals/dogs/rabies-virus-survival/
[55] http://www.drugs.com/ppa/rabies-vaccine.html
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