HW 1 Random Signal Processing

Muhammad Yusuf Fadhlan

105998409

1. Two dices are thrown:

a. Sample S
Sample space = {

(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(1,5),(1,6),
(2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5),(2,6),
(3,1),(3,2), (3,3),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6),
(4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6),
(5,1),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6),
(6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6) }
b. total number of dots showing is even
E(even number) = {
(1,1),(1,3),(1,5),
(2,2),(2,4),(2,6),
(3,1),(3,3),(3,5),
(4,2),(4,4),(4,6),
(5,1),(5,3),(5,5),
(6,2),(6,4),(6,6)
}

2. Two cards are chosen at random from a deck of 52 playing cards.

a. Both aces
(4 /52) 1
P( AA)=
=
(3 /51) 221
b. Same Value

1 3
1
P ( Same Value )= x =
1 51 17

3. P(A) = P(B)
P(AUB) = 0.64
P(AUB)
0.64
0.64
0

= P(A)+P(B) P(A).P(B)
= 2(P(A)) - (P(A))2
= 2(P(A)) - (P(A))2
= P(A)2 + 2.P(A) 0.64

Use quadratic formula with a=-1, b=2, c=-0.64.

b b 24 ac
P(A)
=
2A
2

P(A)

( 2) (2) 4(1)(0.64)
2(1)

P(A)

2 1.44
2

P(A)

= 0.4,1.6

4. If 15 is the third largest number, it will be 2 numbers larger than it and 3

numbers smaller.
There are 3 numbers greater than 15 = 17, 21 and 28.
2 these must be chosen 3! -2! = 3 ways.
Select 3 numbers from the set {2,3,7,8,12}.
5! -3! = 10 Ways
Total possible selection 9! 6! = 84
So the probability is:

3 x 10 5
=
84
14

5. a. Combinational Proof
Make a case that we have 8 sample (5x, 3y) and we will take 4 of those
books. Let Q = number of ways picking 4 books of 8.
8
Q= 4

()

The cases that can be shown;

5 3
1) 4x, 0y =>
4 0

( )( )
5 3
2) 3x, 1y => ( 3 )( 1 )
5 3
3) 2x, 2y => ( 2 )( 2 )
5 3
4) 1x, 3y => ( 1 )( 3 )
5 3
5) 0x, 4y => ( 0 )( 4 )
5 3
6) Q = ( 4 )( 0 )+
( 53 )( 31 )+( 52 )( 32 )+( 51 )( 33 )+( 50 )( 34 )

( 84 )

Based on that formula, the index is increasing in one side and

decreasing on the other.
Assume the index = k, it means;
8
4

()

5
( 4k
)( 34 )
k=0

If we generalize the above example, we can assume:

5x = n, 3y = m => total = n+m, let our index = r, we can substitute:

n+m
r

( )

n
( rk
)( mk )
k=0

b.
6. Consider an unfair die. The probability that a 1 appears, when tossing the die
once, is p; a 2 appears with probability q.
a. 1 appears before the appearance of a 2.
P =pxp
= p2
b. 1 appears twice before the appearance of a 2.
P =pxpxq
= p2q
7. Suppose that for the general population, 1 in 5000 people carries the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A test for the presence of HIV yields either a
positive (+) or negative (-) response. Suppose the test gives the correct
answer 99% of the time.
a. The test is correct 99% of the time,
P(|H) = P(+|Hc) = 0.01

b. P(H|+) =

+
P
P(+ H )P ( H)

P(+) = P(+|H)P(H) + P(+|Hc)P(Hc) = 0.99 0.0002 + 0.01 0.9998

0.99 0.0002
P(H|+) = 0.99 0.0002+ 0.01 0.9998 = 0.0194

8. H = home team; P = probability home team win

V = other team; Q = probability visitor team win
H H with probability P x Q
H V H with probability P x P x P
V H H with probability Q x Q x P
V V with probability Q x P
V H V with probability Q x Q x Q
H V V with probability P x P x Q
In the case P = Q = 1/2,
H H 1/4
H V H 1/8
V H H 1/8
and these add to 1/2, as do the other three cases.
All other cases fall between these two.

The overall advantage goes to the team has more of the higher of P and Q. If
P > 1/2, H has the advantage, if P < 1/2, V has the advantage.
Example, P = 3/4 and Q = 1/4
Then,
H H: P x Q ~= 0.188
H V H: P x P x P ~= 0.422
V H H: Q x Q x P ~= 0.047
These add to 0.657
V V: Q x P ~= 0.188
V H V: Q x Q x Q ~= 0.016
H V V: P x P x Q ~= 0.141
These add to 0.345
So if the home-field advantage for one game is 0.75 / 0.25,
the advantage in a 3-game series is reduced to around 0.66 / 0.33.
Similarly, the closer the one-game advantage is to 1/2,
the closer to 1/2 the three-game advantage will be.