SOLUTION TO PROBLEM SET 9 FYS 3140

In this problem set we use the following set of equations:

Z
Inverse Transform:

g()eix d

f (x) =

(1)

Fourier Transform:
Fourier Sine Transforms:
Fourier Sine Transforms:
Fourier Cosine Transforms:
Fourier Cosine Transforms:

g() =
fs (x) =
gs () =
fc (x) =
gc () =

1
2
r
2

r
2

r
2

r
2

f (x)eix dx

(2)

gs () sin(x)d

(3)

fs (x) sin(x)dx

(4)

gc () cos(x)d

(5)

fc (x) cos(x)dx

(6)

Problem 7.12.6
-problem: Find the exponential Fourier transform of the following function.

x, |x| < 1
f (x) =
0 |x| > 0
Use eqn(2) and integration by part to find
g() =

1
2

f (x)eix dx

=
=

1
xeix dx
2 1
i
i
cos 2 sin

and using eqn(1) and the result above for g(), we write f (x) as the following Fourier integral
Z
cos sin ix
f (x) = i
e d
(7)
2

you can rewrite f (x) in more simple form by expanding eix = cos + i sin and keeping only
even terms to get the following form
Z
2 sin cos
f (x) =
sin xd
(8)
0
2
1

Problem 7.12.18
-problem: Find the Fourier sine transform of the function in above problem and compare the
result with eqn(7).

x, |x| < 1
f (x) =
0 |x| > 0
Use eqn(4) and integration by part to get
r Z
2
gs () =
fs (x) sin(x)dx
0
r Z 1
2
x sin(x)dx
=
0
r
2 sin cos
=

2
Now use eqn(3) and the result above to get
r Z
2
gs () sin(x)d
fs (x) =
0
Z
2
sin cos
=
sin(x)d
0
2

(9)
(10)

you can see that eqn(10) is identical with eqn(8). You can also move back from eqn(8) to
ix
ix
eqn(7) by writing sin x = e e
and using the fact that the integrand is even,
2i
Z
2 sin cos
fs (x) =
sin(x)d
0
2
Z
1
sin cos
=
sin(x)d

2

1
=

sin cos eix eix

d
2
2i

Z
sin cos eix
1 sin cos eix
d
d
2
2i

2
2i

fs (x) =

making substitution of 0 for in the second part of the equation and using the fact that 0
and are dummy variables we obtain,
Z
sin cos ix
fs (x) =
e d
(11)
i2

which is identical with eqn(7).

Problem 7.12.18
sin cos
2

j1 () =
using eqn(8) we get
Z


j1 () sin xd = f (x) =


j1 () sin xd =

x, |x| < 1
0 |x| > 0

x/2, |x| < 1

0
|x| > 0

Problem 8.11.14
Here use the idea


(x a) =
Z

if x = a
0
x 6= 0

(x a)dx = 1

and making use of integration by part we can write

Z


(x) (x a)dx = (x) (x a)
0 (x) 0 (x a)dx

Z
0
0
=
(x) (x a)dx

00

= 00 (a)
as the value of at vanishes. Apply same procedure several times or method of induction to
derive/proof eqn (11.6) in Boas.
Problem 8.11.15
Z
0

sin(x)(x /2)dx = sin( ) = 1

2

sin(x)(x + /2)dx = 0
0

/2
/ (0, )

e3x 0 (x)dx = 3e30 = 3

Z
0


cosh(x) 00 (x 1)dx = cosh00 (x)x=1 = cosh(1)

Extra problems:
Problem 7.12.12
-problem: write the following functions as Fourier integral.

sin x, |x| < /2
f (x) =
0
|x| > /2
Use eqn(2) and applying integration by part two times we find. See the next problem for
use of exponential than integration by part.
Z
1
f (x)eix dx
g() =
2
Z /2
1
=
sin xeix dx
2 /2
(
)
/2
Z /2
1
1
sin xeix 
ix
+
=
cos xe
d

2
i
i /2
/2
(
)
/2
Z /2
cos 2
1
1 1
cos xeix 

+
sin xeix
=

i
i 2
i
i /2
/2
=
=

cos 2
1
+ 2 g()
i

cos( 2 )
i(1 2 )

Note that g() seems to diverge at = 1, but that is not the case here. Apply LHopitals rule
to see the value of g() near = 1, you can see that g() 1
4i .

and using eqn(1) and the result above for g(), we write f (x) as the following Fourier integral
Z
cos 2 ix
1
f (x) =
(12)
e d
i 1 2
you can rewrite f (x) in more simple form by expanding eix = cos + i sin and keeping only
even terms, we obtain
4

f (x) =

Z
0

cos 2
sin xd
1 2

(13)

Problem 7.12.25
-problem: write the following functions as Fourier integral.

sin x, 0 < x <
f (x) =
0,
otherwise
ix

ix

Use eqn(2) and use complex exponential form. i.e. sin x = e e

.
2i
Z
1
f (x)eix dx
g() =
2
Z
1
=
sin xeix dx
2 0
Z ix
e eix ix
1
=
e
dx
2 0
2i
Z i(1)x
1
e
ei(1+)x
=
dx
2 0
2i
eix
1
1
eix
+
+
+
=
4(1 ) 4(1 + ) 4(1 ) 4(1 + )
eix + 1
=
2(1 2 )
and using eqn(1) and the result above for g(), we write f (x) as the following Fourier integral
f (x) =

1
2

eix + 1 ix
e d
(1 2 )

by expanding eix = cos + i sin and keeping only even terms, we get

f (x) =
=

Z
1 cos x + cos x cos x + sin x sin x
d
0
1 2
Z
1 cos x + cos(( x))
d
0
1 2

(14)