1 Quim Exam Model DNA The Molecule of Heredity TestBank - Basics - Bio10a - Chapter11

Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 10e (Audesirk)
Chapter 11 DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

11.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) The hereditary material present in all cells is
A) protein.
B) RNA.
C) DNA.
D) R-strain.
E) S-strain.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 11.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
3) What is the relationship among DNA, a gene, and a chromosome?
A) A chromosome contains hundreds of genes, which are composed of protein.
B) A chromosome contains hundreds of genes, which are composed of DNA.
C) A gene contains hundreds of chromosomes, which are composed of protein.
D) A gene is composed of DNA, but it has no relationship to a chromosome.
E) A gene contains hundreds of chromosomes, which are composed of DNA.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 11.1
1
Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
6) DNA possesses
A) A, U, G, and C bases.
B) only C and T bases.
C) only A and G bases.
D) C, T, A, and G bases.
E) only U and T bases.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
7) If the quantities of the four bases in a DNA molecule are measured, we find that
A) A = C and G = T.
B) A = G and C = T.
C) T = A and C = G.
D) no two bases are equal in amount.
E) all bases are equal in amount.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
8) If the DNA of a certain organism has guanine as 30% of its bases, then what percentage of its
bases are adenine?
A) 0%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 30%
E) 40%
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Section: 11.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
9) All of the following are found in DNA EXCEPT:
A) deoxyribose.
B) guanine.
C) a phosphate group.
D) a phospholipid group.
E) thymine.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Section: 11.2
10) A DNA nucleotide is made up of
2
A) phosphate-deoxyribose-base.
B) phospholipid-deoxyribose-base.
C) phosphate-deoxyribose-phosphate-deoxyribose.
D) adenine-thymine-guanine-cytosine.
E) base-phosphate-glucose.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
11) The "rule" formulated by Chargaff states that
A) A = T and G = C in any molecule of DNA.
B) A = C and G = T in any molecule of DNA.
C) A = G and C = T in any molecule of DNA.
D) A = U and G = C in any molecule of RNA.
E) DNA and RNA are made up of the same four nitrogenous bases.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Section: 11.2
3
12) In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of DNA to determine which bases are in equal
amounts, which of the following is true?
A) A = C
B) A = G and C = T
C) A + C = G + T
D) A + T = C + G
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
13) By the early 1950s, many biologists realized that the key to understanding inheritance lay in
the structure of
A) DNA.
B) protein.
C) enzymes.
D) chromosomes.
E) ribosomes.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Section: 11.2
14) The X-ray diffraction pattern for DNA suggested to Wilkins and Franklin all of the following
features about DNA EXCEPT:
A) a DNA molecule is helical.
B) a DNA molecule has a uniform diameter of 2 nanometers.
C) the DNA molecule consists of repeating subunits.
D) the phosphate-sugar "backbone" of the molecule is on the outside of the DNA helix.
E) in a DNA molecule, A pairs with T and G pairs with C.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
15) In DNA, phosphate groups bond to
A) adenine.
B) ribose.
C) pyrimidine bases.
D) other phosphate groups.
E) deoxyribose.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
4
16) The sequence of subunits in the DNA "backbone" is

A) -base-phosphate-base-phosphate-base-phosphate-.
B) -phosphate-sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate-sugar-.
C) -sugar-base-sugar-base-sugar-base-sugar-base-.
D) -base-sugar-phosphate-base-sugar-phosphate-.
E) -base-phosphate-sugar-base-phosphate-sugar-.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
17) "Chargaff's rule" for base pairing in DNA is that
A) the amount of A = the amount of C, and the amount of G = the amount of T.
B) A bonds with C, and G bonds with T.
C) A bonds with G, and C bonds with T.
D) A bonds with T, and G bonds with C.
E) the amount of A = the amount of G, and the amount of C = the amount of T.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
18) Complementary base pairs are held together by
A) peptide bonds.
B) hydrogen bonds.
C) disulfide bonds.
D) covalent bonds.
E) ionic bonds.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
19) The two polynucleotide chains in a DNA molecule are attached to each other by
A) covalent bonds between carbon atoms.
B) hydrogen bonds between bases.
C) peptide bonds between amino acids.
D) ionic bonds between "R" groups in amino acids.
E) covalent bonds between phosphates and sugars.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
5
20) In a DNA molecule, base pairing occurs between

A) adenine and thymine.
B) adenine and guanine.
C) guanine and uracil.
D) thymine and cytosine.
E) adenine and uracil.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Section: 11.2
21) If the DNA sequence is G-C-C-T-A-T in one polynucleotide chain, then the sequence found
in the other polynucleotide chain must be
A) C-G-G-A-T-A.
B) G-C-C-A-T-A.
C) C-G-G-A-U-A.
D) A-T-T-C-G-C.
E) G-C-C-T-A-T.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
22) Which of the following is true in the Watson-Crick model of DNA?
A) Ribose always bonds to a nitrogenous base.
B) During replication, the phosphate groups are copied but the base sequence is not copied.
C) Phosphate groups always bond to ribose.
D) The number of adenines equals the number of guanines.
E) Four different types of bases are found in DNA.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
23) In the comparison of a DNA molecule to a twisted ladder, the uprights of the ladder are
A) nitrogenous bases linked together.
B) deoxyribose linked to phosphate.
C) deoxyribose linked to sulfate.
D) nitrogenous bases linked to phosphate.
E) hydrogen bonds between bases.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
6
24) In the comparison of a DNA molecule to a twisted ladder, the rungs of the ladder are
A) nitrogenous bases linked together.
B) deoxyribose linked to phosphate.
C) deoxyribose linked to sulfate.
D) nitrogenous bases linked to phosphate.
E) the backbones of the molecule.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
25) Which of the following is NOT true according to Chargaff's base pairing rule?
A) A = T in amount.
B) G = C in amount.
C) A + G = T + C in amount.
D) A + T = G + C in amount.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
26) Which component of a DNA nucleotide could be removed without breaking the
polynucleotide chain?
A) Ribose
B) Deoxyribose
C) Phosphate
D) Nitrogen base
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
27) It became apparent to Watson and Crick after completing their model that a DNA molecule
could carry a vast amount of hereditary information in its
A) sequence of bases.
B) phosphate-sugar backbone.
C) variety of phosphate groups.
D) side groups of bases.
E) different five-carbon sugars.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
7
30) Regarding the structure of DNA, which joins sugar to phosphate?

A) Deoxyribose
B) Phosphate
C) Double helix
D) Hydrogen bonds
E) Covalent bonds
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
31) Regarding the structure of DNA, which joins adenine and thymine and also guanine and
cytosine?
A) Deoxyribose
B) Phosphate
C) Double helix
D) Hydrogen bonds
E) Covalent bonds
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
8
32) Watson and Crick are credited with the discovery and description of the DNA
A) deoxyribose sugar.
B) phosphate group.
C) double helix.
D) hydrogen bonds.
E) covalent bonds.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
33) Regarding the structure of DNA, which is covalently bonded to a nitrogenase?
A) Deoxyribose
B) Ribose
C) Phosphate
D) Phospholipid
E) Hydrogen bonds
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
34) Regarding the structure of DNA, the units that form the "uprights" of the DNA ladder and do
not attach to the nitrogen bases are
A) deoxyribose molecules.
B) phosphate molecules.
C) ribose molecules.
D) sulfur-containing bases.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
35) How many different kinds of base pairings are in DNA?
A) Two
B) Four
C) Hundreds or thousands
D) Millions
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
9
36) How many different kinds of nucleotides are in DNA?

A) Two
B) Four
C) Hundreds or thousands
D) Millions
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
37) How many bases are in the DNA molecule of a typical human chromosome?
A) Two
B) Four
C) Thousands
D) Millions
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 11.3
39) When a cell divides, each daughter cell receives
A) a nearly perfect copy of the parent cell's genetic information.
B) exactly half the genetic information in the parent cell.
C) the same amount of genetic information that was in the parent cell, but it has been altered.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Section: 11.4
10
40) When DNA polymerase encounters thymine in the parental strand, what does it add to the
growing daughter strand?
A) Deoxyribose
B) Phosphate group
C) Adenine
D) Uracil
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section: 11.4
41) Semiconservative DNA replication means that
A) the old DNA is completely broken down.
B) the old DNA remains completely intact.
C) A pairs with T and G pairs with C.
D) only half of the DNA is replicated.
E) each new DNA molecule has half the DNA from the old one.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Section: 11.4
42) All of the following occur during DNA replication EXCEPT:
A) separation of parental DNA strands.
B) use of parental DNA as a template.
C) use of DNA polymerase enzymes.
D) synthesis of totally new double-stranded DNA molecules.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 11.4
43) When chromosomes replicate
A) the two DNA strands separate and each is used as a template for synthesis of a new strand.
B) new DNA synthesis occurs in only one location along the entire DNA molecule.
C) one strand of the DNA is completely replicated first, and then the second strand is replicated.
D) the original DNA is distributed to the two daughter cells, with no new DNA synthesized.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 11.4
11
44) In one strand of DNA, the nucleotide sequence is 5'-A-T-G-C-3'. The complementary
sequence in the other strand must be
A) 5'-C-G-T-A-3'.
B) 5'-A-T-G-C-3'.
C) 3'-T-A-C-G-5'.
D) 3'-G-C-A-T-5'.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section: 11.4
45) Which of the following is NOT involved in the DNA replication process?
A) DNA helicase
B) DNA ligase
C) DNA replicase
D) DNA polymerase
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section: 11.4
46) Which of the following is true about the accuracy of DNA replication?
A) Many errors are made during DNA replication, but this does not matter because of the
immense size of the DNA molecule.
B) Many errors are made during DNA replication, but this does not matter because repair
enzymes mend the errors.
C) The few errors made by DNA polymerase are usually corrected by repair enzymes.
D) DNA polymerase makes very few errors, so no repair enzymes are needed.
E) DNA polymerase always makes a perfect copy of the original DNA.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section: 11.5
47) A cell that lacks the ability to make DNA repair enzymes will
A) be able to correctly replicate its DNA, but it will need more time to do so.
B) be unable to replicate its DNA.
C) replicate its DNA as well as a cell with intact repair enzymes.
D) replicate its DNA as rapidly as a normal cell, but the resulting DNA will have more errors in
it.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Section: 11.5
12
48) DNA polymerase, before any proofreading by repair enzymes, makes one mistake for about
every
A) 1 to 10 base pairs.
B) 10 to 100 base pairs.
C) 1,000 to 100,000 base pairs.
D) 1 million to 10 million base pairs.
E) 100 million to 1 billion base pairs.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section: 11.5
49) After proofreading repair enzymes check the work of DNA polymerase, newly replicated
DNA strands contain about one mistake for every
A) 1 to 10 base pairs.
B) 10 to 100 base pairs.
C) 1,000 to 100,000 base pairs.
D) 1 million to 10 million base pairs.
E) 100 million to 1 billion base pairs.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Section: 11.5
50) Which of the following is true regarding how the DNA in your body's cells can accumulate
mutations?
A) Mistakes are never made during DNA replication; they always occur during the G1 phase of
interphase.
B) Some DNA spontaneously breaks down every second, making the chromosome significantly
shorter with every passing day.
C) The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight may induce changes in DNA.
D) Spontaneous mutation rates are around one in every four nucleotides that are replicated.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 11.5
13
51) Imagine that a DNA sequence of 5'-A-C-G-T-A-C-G-T-3' is altered to 5'-A-C-G-C-A-C-G-T3'. This could happen as a result of a(n)
A) point mutation.
B) deletion mutation.
C) insertion mutation.
D) inversion.
E) translocation.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 11.5
52) Imagine that a DNA sequence of 5'-A-C-G-T-A-C-G-T-3' is altered to 5'-A-C-G-A-C-G-T-3'.
This could happen as a result of a(n)
A) point mutation.
B) deletion mutation.
C) insertion mutation.
D) inversion.
E) translocation.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 11.5
53) What two bases in the DNA molecule are double-ringed?
A) Thymine and cytosine
B) Thymine and uracil
C) Uracil and guanine
D) Guanine and cytosine
E) Guanine and adenine
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Section: 11.2
54) Mutations are a source of genetic ________ by which evolutionary change is possible.
A) constancy
B) stability
C) variability
D) reproduction
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section: 11.5
14
56) Specific segments of DNA that code for a specific protein are called
A) chromosomes.
B) genes.
C) nuclei.
D) nucleoli.
E) mutations.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 11.1
57) What determines the function of the gene product?
A) The sequence of bases
B) The number of bases
C) The sequence of phosphates
D) The number of phosphates
E) The sequences of deoxyribose
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 11.3
15
11.4 Short Answer Questions

2) If cytosine makes up 15% of the bases in a sample of DNA from an organism, then adenine
makes up what percentage of the bases?
Answer: 35%
Diff: 3
Section: 11.2
6) When Hershey and Chase labeled phage with radioactive phosphorus, they concluded that the
phage injects its DNA, not protein, into its host. These conclusions were based on the
observation that the radioactive DNA ended up where?
Answer: The DNA ended up inside the bacterium.
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
16
7) Briefly describe the basic process of DNA replication.

Answer: DNA helicase unwinds the double helix of the parental DNA molecule. Then DNA
polymerase pairs free nucleotides to be complementary to the parental DNA strand. The new
nucleotides are then joined together to form two new strands of DNA paired with each of the
original parental strands.
Diff: 2
Section: 11.4
8) How do scientists know that proofreading occurs during and after the DNA replication
process?
Answer: DNA polymerase mismatches bases about once in every 1,000 to 100,000 base pairs,
but the actual mutation rate is one mistake in every 100 million to 1 billion base pairs.
Diff: 3
Section: 11.5
17
11.5 Art Questions

1) Based on this figure, which type(s) of bacteria would you expect to be isolated from the dead
mouse in the final experiment (involving the mixture of bacterial strains)?
A) Living R-strain only

B) Heat-killed S-strain only
C) Living R-strain and heat-killed S-strain only
D) At least some living S-strain
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Section: 11.1
18
2) Based on this figure, which molecule would attach to the 5' phosphate end of the DNA strand
on the right?
A) Phosphate
B) Deoxyribose
C) Cytosine
D) Adenine
E) Phospholipid
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 11.4
19
11.6 Scenario Questions

2) Bacterial cells have only one DNA molecule, which is double stranded and is replicated in
essentially the same fashion as in eukaryotes. Imagine that, following the techniques of other
scientists studying DNA, you created a bacterial cell that contains only radioactive nitrogen in its
DNA. You then place the cell in a culture medium containing only "regular" (nonradioactive)
nitrogen.
Based on this scenario and your knowledge of DNA structure and replication, how many cells
will contain some DNA with radioactive nitrogen after four rounds of cell replication?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 8
E) 16
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Section: 11.4
20

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Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 10e (Audesirk)

Chapter 11 DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

16) The sequence of subunits in the DNA "backbone" is

20) In a DNA molecule, base pairing occurs between

30) Regarding the structure of DNA, which joins sugar to phosphate?

36) How many different kinds of nucleotides are in DNA?

11.4 Short Answer Questions

7) Briefly describe the basic process of DNA replication.

11.5 Art Questions

A) Living R-strain only

11.6 Scenario Questions

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