OBJECTIVE

S
Understand the purpose of the RBS and OGTT
Discuss the procedure of RBS and OGTT
Illustrate and explain the normal RBS and OGTT curve versus different
clinical conditions such as DM and other metabolic disorders

RANDOM BLOOD SUGAR (RBS)

Definition

Casual Testing
Measures the amount of glucose in a blood sample regardless of the last time

of food intake
Used as screening test for diabetes
Used to monitor patients with diabetes
A healthy blood glucose level is between 70 and 110 milligrams per
deciliter (mg/dL). According to the guidelines of the American Diabetes
Association, diabetes is diagnosed if the level is above 200 mg/dL in a
random test, and the person has symptoms of diabetes.

RBS Vs. Postprandial Blood Sugar Determination

Postprandial Blood Sugar Determination

Measures blood glucose exactly 2 hours after you start eating a meal. This is
not a test used to diagnose diabetes. This test is used to see if someone with

diabetes is taking the right amount of insulin with meals.

Better indicator of blood sugar level

Methodology

Values
Impression

Result

Normal

80 - 110 mg/dl

Pre-diabetes(IGT)

111-140 mg/dl

Diabetes

> 140 mg/dl

Results (Group 10)

Time of last meal

12:15pm
Unknown Absorbance (Au)
0.288
Standard Absorbance (As)
0.280
Standard Concentration
100

Glucose (mg/dL)
= (Au/As)(100)
= (0.288/0.280)(100)
= 102.86mg/dL

Tabulation
Subject

Absorbance

Absorbance

Concentration

Glucose

(unknown)

(standard)

(standard)

(mg/dL)

0.297

0.280

100

106.07

0.226

0.280

100

80.71

0.312

0.280

100

111.43

0.246

0.280

100

87.86

0.391

0.280

100

139.64

0.329

0.280

100

117.5

0.322

0.280

100

115

0.339

0.280

100

121.07

0.644

0.280

100

230

10

0.288

0.280

100

102.86

ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST (OGTT)

Definition

Series of blood glucose measurements taken after you drink a sweet liquid that
contains glucose

Used to diagnose pre-diabetes and diabetes

Also used to test for insulin resistance, reactive hypoglycemia, gestational
diabetes and acromegaly, or rarer disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.
A blood sugar level less than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) is normal. A
reading of more than 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) after two hours indicates
diabetes. A reading between 140 and 199 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L and 11.0
mmol/L) indicates prediabetes.

Preparatory Phase

3 days prior to the test, the diet must contain at least 150 grams/day of

carbohydrates
A 12-hour fasting prior to the test
Drugs such as salicylates, diuretics, and anticonvulsants must be avoided
Best performed in the morning between 7:00 and 9:00 am with no food taken
after the previous midnight.

Test Proper

2 to 5 ml of blood will be extracted as baseline fasting blood sugar level

1.0g glucose per kg body weight as 50% solution in water will be given by

mouth
3ml of blood will be withdrawn after 0, 60, 120, and 180 minutes from the time

glucose was swallowed.

Urine samples will be take at the same time the blood is withdrawn

Normal Values
Interval

Blood Glucose

Fasting

65 -110 mg/dL

One hour

less than 200 mg/dL

2 hours

less than 140 mg/dL

Abnormal Values
Interval

Blood Glucose

Fasting

Over 200(overt DM)

Fasting

Above 140mg/dl (DM)

Fasting

111-140 mg/dl (IGT)

One hour

Over 200(overt DM)

2 hour

Over 200(DM)

2 hour

140-199(IGT)

Normal Glucose Tolerance Curve

Prolonged OGTT Curve

Interpretation:
Depressed glucose tolerance blood glucose peaks sharply before declining slower
than usual to normal levels.
Occurs in:

Diabetes Mellitus
Hemochromatosis (iron overload disease)
Cushing syndrome (excess cortisol hormone)
Pheochromocytoma ( adrenaline-producing tumor)
Central nervous system lesions

Flat or Inverted Curve

Interpretation:
Increased glucose tolerance blood glucose levels peak at lower than normal levels.
Occurs in:

Malabsorption syndrome
Insulinemia (an insulin-producing tumor)
Addison disease (adrenocortical insufficiency)
Hypopituitarism (underactivity of pituitary gland)
Hypothyroidsm (underactivity of thyroid gland)

SUMMARY
The amount of glucose in your blood changes throughout the day and night.
Your levels will change depending upon when, what and how much you have
eaten, and whether or not you have exercised.

A healthy blood glucose level is between 70 and 110 milligrams per deciliter
(mg/dL). According to the guidelines of the American Diabetes Association,
diabetes is diagnosed if the level is above 200 mg/dL in a random test, and

the person has symptoms of diabetes.

A standard two-hour OGTT is sufficient to diagnose or exclude all forms of

diabetes mellitus at all but the earliest stages of development.

Longer tests have been used for a variety of other purposes, such as

detecting reactive hypoglycemia or defining subsets of hypothalamic obesity.

Insulin levels are sometimes measured to detect insulin resistance or
deficiency.