Circular Tanks

Using the package :
1) Enter Tank Dimensions in Section 1

2) Choose Base fixity from (Pin/Fixed/Free)
3) Modify Design Data in Section 1- including choosing a design crack
width (0.1/0.2)
4) Check assumptions to ensure that the tank being designed falls
within the limitations
5) Choose whether or not to use the BS8007 - cl 5.2 'option 2' facilitity
in Section 8.0
Note : If you choose to use option 2 in the horizontal direction then
you must set T2 = 0 in section 1
6) Calculations for vertical steel in flexure give the option to overide
the 'chosen bar diameter' if required
7) If wall base connection is not fixed disgard section 3.3_BaseM which
is used to calculate the effect of the continuous construction on the
forces in the wall due to the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid. This
assumes that the ground behaves plastically and the load of the tank
and its contents are distributed evenly over the base area.
8) If the base to wall connection is fixed, the spreadsheet is limited to
values of L2/2rh < 16.
7) Print of data - click on the 'Section 1' page tab
- hold down <shift> and click on the 'Section 10'
page tab
- Press Print icon
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Sheet No :
52069 /15.2
Member/Location :
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Service Reservoir
Job Title :
1.1
Rev :
of
1.1
Service reservoir
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Made by :
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Date :
3/10/16 Chd :
CYLINDRICAL LIQUID RETAINING TANK

1.1 General
6.5 m
6m
Top Water Level at Ultimate Limit State, Lzu =
6.5 m
Top Water Level at Serviceability Limit State, Lzs =
6m
16 m
300 mm
Internal Diameter of tank, D =

Wall Thickness, h =
Density of Liquid, l =
1000 kg/m3
Wall Base Fixity
PIN
300 mm
T.W.L. @ ULS
T.W.L. @ SLS
16 m
16 m
300 mm
BS8110:Pt1
Table 2.2
1.2 Design Specific

Factor of safety on material - Steel, ms =
1.05
Factor of safety on material - Concrete, mc =

Factor of safety on loads
Characteristic Design Strength of Steel, fy =
1.5
1.4
460 N/mm2
Characteristic Design Strength of Concrete, fcu =
35 N/mm2
Cover to reinforcements, cb =
40 mm
BS8007
Design Crack Width, wmax =
Table A1
Temperature, T1 =
0.2
mm
20 C
Temperature, T2 =
20 C
cl. A2
Tensile Strength of Concrete (at three days), fct =
1.6 N/mm2
Table A.1
Average Bond Strength of Concrete, fb =
2.4 N/mm2
Thermal Expansion Coefficient, c (x10-6) =
10 / C
Elastic Modulus of Steel, Es =

BS8110:Pt2
Table 7.2
210 kN/mm2
Elastic Modulus of Concrete, Ec (long term) =
32 kN/mm2
Elastic Modulus of Concrete, Ec (short term) =

Poissons Ratio, =
Percentage allowed for laps =
Density of Concrete,c =
14 kN/mm2
0.2
40 %
2400 kg/m3
Density of Steel, s =
7850 kg/m3
Maximum Aggregate size, hagg =
20 mm
Notation to
comply with Batty
and Westbrook
text, and BS8007,
BS8110
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Sheet No :
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2.1
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Service reservoir
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Date :
2.1 Design Standards and References Used :

Code Reference Code Description
Version
BS8110:Pt1
BS8110 - Structural Used of Concete

Part 1 - Code of Practice for Design and
Construction
1997
BS8007
BS8007 - Design of concrete structures for 1987

aqueous liquids
3/10/16 Chd :
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Calculation Sheet
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Sheet No :
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It has been assumed that :
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
Default values have been checked for any

revisions/amendments to the relevant codes of
practice.
Any revisions and modifications have been
implemented into this program.
The steel reinforcements specified concur with
the yield strength of steel specified in this
program.
If any redistribution does occur - it is less than 10
%
2.2.5
Water retaining structures needing compression

reinforcement will not be designed using this
program.
2.2.6
Water retaining structures with a wall thickness of

less than 200 mm will not be designed using this
program.
Width of Poker Vibrator =
25 mm
2.2.7
of
Service reservoir
Drg. Ref :
2.2 Design Assumptions
2.2.1
2.2
Rev :
Date :
3/10/16 Chd :
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Sheet No :
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Service Reservoir
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Service reservoir
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Date :
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3.1 Design Forces and Moments

Since the boundary condition at the base is PINNED
The formula used to derive the forces and moments are :
Force =
Moment =
Where
Hoop force (+ve = tension)

l x 9.81 x 10-3
Radius of tank = Dint/2
Height of water level
Height above base
() = e-.cos
() = e-.sin
Vertical Moment
M (-ve) = tension, outer face
Wall Thickness
= 4((3.(1-2)/(2.2))
3.2 General Design

Internal Diameter D =
Density of liquid,l =
Wall thickness, h =
16 m
1000 kg/m3
300 mm
3.2.1 Ultimate Limit State

Height of liquid at ULS, Lzu =
Factor of Safety at ULS, f =
N
(m) (kN)
0.00
0.65
1.30
1.95
2.60
3.25
3.90
4.55
5.85
6.50
6.5 m
1.4
As PINNED, can
check answers
Lz^2 = 8.64
2.r.h
0
290
461
509
475
400
312
226
146
70
Mx
(kNm)
0.0 Max Hoop Tension:
-19.0
509 kN
-18.8
at 1.95 m
-12.2
(From Base)
-5.8
-1.6 Max Vert. Moment:
0.3
-19.0 kN.m
0.9
at 0.65 m
0.5
0.2
where x = 0m is base of wall
1.0 Hu
0.9 Hu
0.8 Hu
0.7 Hu
0.6 Hu
0.5 Hu
0.4 Hu
0.3 Hu
0.1 Hu
0.0 Hu
Use Batty and

Force Moment Westbrook p 178, p
Coef. Coef. 179 & p 185
0.000 0.0000
0.405 -0.0050
0.646 -0.0050
0.713 -0.0032
0.665 -0.0015
0.560 -0.0004
0.437 0.0001
0.317 0.0002
0.204 0.0001
0.098 0.0001
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Date :
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Graph to show Hoop Force (kN) against Height (m) at ULS
Hoop Force (kN) - Tension (+ve)
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
Height (m) - origin at base of tank
Graph to show Moment (kN.m) against Height (m) at ULS

5
Moment (kN.m)
0
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
-5
-10
-15
-20
Height (m) - base at origin
5.00
6.00
7.00
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3.4
Service reservoir
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Date :
3/10/16 Chd :
3.2.1 Serviceability Limit State

Height of liquid at SLS, Lzs =
(m)
(kN)
0.00
0.60
1.20
1.80
2.40
3.00
3.60
4.20
4.80
5.40
6.00
6 m
As PINNED, can
check answers
Lzs^2 = 7.362
2.r.h
Mx
(kNm)
0
0.0 Max Hoop Tension:
175 -12.1
324 kN
285 -12.8
at
1.8 m
324 -9.1
(From Base)
310 -5.0
266 -1.9 Max Vert. Moment:
211 -0.2
-12.8 kN.m
154
0.5
at
1.2 m
99
0.6
(From Base)
48
0.4
-1
0.3
1.0 Hu
0.9 Hu
0.8 Hu
0.7 Hu
0.6 Hu
0.5 Hu
0.4 Hu
0.3 Hu
0.2 Hu
0.1 Hu
0.0 Hu
Force
Coef.
0.000
0.371
0.606
0.687
0.657
0.565
0.448
0.327
0.211
0.102
-0.002
Use Batty and

Moment Westbrook p 178, p
Coef. 179 & p 185
0.0000
-0.0057
-0.0061
-0.0043
-0.0024
-0.0009
-0.0001
0.0002
0.0003
0.0002
0.0001
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Sheet No :
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Service Reservoir
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of
3.4
Service reservoir
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Date :
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Graph to show Hoop Force (kN) against Height (m) at SLS
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0.00
-50
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
Graph to show Moment (kN.m) against Height (m) at SLS

2
Moment (kN.m)
0
0.00
-2
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12
-14
5.00
6.00
7.00
Mom
-8
-10
-12
-14
Rev :
eservoir
se Batty and
Westbrook p 178, p
79 & p 185
Rev :
eservoir
6.00
6.00
7.00
7.00
Rev :
eservoir
se Batty and
Westbrook p 178, p
79 & p 185
Rev :
eservoir
.00
6.00
7.00
7.00
Job No :
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Calculation Sheet
Sheet No :
52069
3.5
Member/Location :
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Service Reservoir
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Rev :
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Service reservoir
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Made by : HEG
Date :
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Chd :
3.3 Effect of fixed base on wall moments

Where a tank is supported on the ground it is common to assume that the
ground is plastic and that the forces are spread uniformly over the entire
base area. The loads on the base will induce moments in the slab, and
where the slab to base connection is fixed, the edge moment will influence
the moments in the wall.
Calculate effective pressure on base: p
Base thickness: hb
Effective height of walls: Le
400 mm
= Lzu + hb =
= Lzs + hb =
Effective diameter of base: De

Effective weight =
=D+h=
(ult)
6.3 m
(sls)
16.3 m
f x x Dex Lzu (c-l) x h =
1957 kN
(ult)
x De x Lzs (c - l) x h =
1290 kN
209 m2
(sls)
x (D + h)2 =
Effective area =
6.9 m
Therefore, effective pressure, p =
1957
209 or
9.38 kN/m2
pult =
9.38 kN/m2
6.18 kN/m2
psls =
6.18 kN/m2
Fixed end moment in circular slab, Mslab =

Mslab =
p 3.1
p x De2 =
77.873 kNm
(ult)
32
51.345 kNm
(sls)
Mslab = 78 kNm
Mslab = 51 kNm
NA
(ult)
Mwall =NA
kNm
(sls)
Mwall =NA
kNm
Fixed end moment in tank wall, Mwall =

(Negative moments indicate tension in the outer face)
NA
kNm
kNm
However, at the base of the wall Mslab = Mwall and the moments must be
redistributed.
Batty &
Westbrook
Table 9.35b
Stiffness of wall, kw =
coeff x Ec x h3 / Lv
3
= 0.937 x Ec x h / Lv =
0.0039 Ec
Table 9.35c
Stiffness of slab, ks =
coeff x Ec x h3 / r
3
= 0.104 x Ec x h / r =
0.0004 Ec
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Calculation Sheet
52069 /15.2
Member/Location :
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Service Reservoir
Job Title :
Sheet No :
3.6
Rev :
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Service reservoir
Drg. Ref :
Made by : HEG
Distribution factors
DFwall =
kw / (kw + ks) =
0.917
DFslab =
0.083
ks / (kw + ks) =
Date :
3/10/16
Chd :
3.3.1 Ultimate Limit State

Distribution of moments
DF
Moment
distribution
revised moment
wall
slab
0.917
0.083
NA
77.9
###
###
###
###
kNm
The bending moment at the base of the wall changes

from NA
kNm
to
### kNm
i.e. a moment of
### kNm is applied to the base of the wall.
Need to determine the effect of this moment upon the forces within the wall,
and by adding them to the forces generated by the water pressure, the actual
forces in the wall are determined.
Use Batty and Westbrook Table 9.31, where
Hoop tension, N = coeff x M x De =
2x Lv2
Moment, Mx =
coeff
coeff x M =
MDe
2Lv
(moment)
(m)
### x coeff kN/m
###
x coeff kNm/m
Total
N
(water)
0.00
0.00
###
###
###
0.65
17.60
###
###
290
###
1.30
17.47
###
###
461
###
1.95
11.42
###
###
509
###
2.60
5.52
###
###
475
###
3.25
1.66
###
###
400
###
3.90
-0.25
###
###
312
###
4.55
-0.76
###
###
226
###
5.20
-0.70
###
###
146
###
5.85
-0.43
###
###
70
###
6.50
-0.10
###
###
###
Max Hoop Tension:

### kN
N = ### kN
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Calculation Sheet
Sheet No :
52069 /15.2
Member/Location :
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Service Reservoir
Job Title :
x
(m)
coeff
3.7
Rev :
of
Service reservoir
Drg. Ref :
Made by : HEG
Mx
Mx
(moment)
(water)
Date :
Vert. Moment
### kNm
### kNm
1.00
###
###
0.0
###
0.65
0.50
###
###
-19.0
###
1.30
0.16
###
###
-18.8
###
1.95
-0.01
###
###
-12.2
###
2.60
-0.06
###
###
-5.8
###
Mmax =
3.25
-0.06
###
###
-1.6
###
3.90
-0.04
###
###
0.3
###
4.55
-0.02
###
###
0.9
###
5.20
-0.01
###
###
0.5
###
5.85
0.00
###
###
0.2
###
6.50
0.00
###
###
0.0
###
### kNm
For the design of the base the following moments should be used:
Moment at edge
Moment at midspan
p x De2 - distributed moment
64
38.94
Chd :
Total
Mx
0.00
###
3/10/16
kNm
### kNm
###
Mx = ### kNm
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Calculation Sheet
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Sheet No :
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Service Reservoir
Job Title :
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Rev :
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Service reservoir
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Made by : HEG
Date :
3/10/16
Chd :
Graph to show Hoop Force (kN) against Height (m) at ULS
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
Graph to show Moment (kN.m) against Height (m) at ULS
12
Moment (kN.m)
10
8
6
4
2
0
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
2
0
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
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Calculation Sheet
52069 /15.2
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Service Reservoir
Job Title :
Sheet No :
3.9
Rev :
of
Service reservoir
Drg. Ref :
Made by : HEG
Date :
3/10/16
Chd :
3.3.2 Serviceability Limit State

Distribution of moments
wall slab
0.917 0.083
DF
Moment
distribution
revised moment
NA
51.3
###
###
###
###
kNm
The bending moment at the base of the wall changes

from NA
kNm
to
### kNm
i.e. a moment of
### kNm is applied to the base of the wall.
Need to determine the effect of this moment upon the forces within the wall,
and by adding them to the forces generated by the water pressure, the actual
forces in the wall are determined.
Use Batty and Westbrook Table 9.31, for L 2/(2rh) <16, where
Hoop tension, N = coeff x M x De =
2x Lv2
Moment, Mx =
coeff
(m)
### x coeff kN/m
coeff x M =
MDe
2Lv2
(moment)
###
x coeff kNm/m
Total
N
(water)
0.00
0.00
###
###
###
0.60
17.60
###
###
175
###
1.20
17.47
###
###
285
###
1.80
11.42
###
###
324
###
2.40
5.52
###
###
310
###
3.00
1.66
###
###
266
###
3.60
-0.25
###
###
211
###
4.20
-0.76
###
###
154
###
4.80
-0.70
###
###
99
###
5.40
-0.43
###
###
48
###
6.00
-0.10
###
###
-1
###
Max Hoop Tension:

### kN
N = ### kN
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x
(m)
coeff
3.10
Rev :
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Service reservoir
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Mx
Mx
(moment)
(water)
Date :
Vert. Moment
### kNm
### kNm
1.00
###
###
0.0
###
0.60
0.50
###
###
-12.1
###
1.20
0.16
###
###
-12.8
###
1.80
-0.01
###
###
-9.1
###
2.40
-0.06
###
###
-5.0
###
Mmax =
3.00
-0.06
###
###
-1.9
###
3.60
-0.04
###
###
-0.2
###
4.20
-0.02
###
###
0.5
###
4.80
-0.01
###
###
0.6
###
5.40
0.00
###
###
0.4
###
6.00
0.00
###
###
0.3
###
### kNm
For the design of the base the following moments should be used:
=
Moment at midspan
=
=
=
Chd :
Total
Mx
0.00
Moment at edge
3/10/16
### kNm
p x De2 - distributed moment
64
25.67
###
### kNm
Mx = ### kNm
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Service Reservoir
Job Title :
3.11
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Service reservoir
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Made by : HEG
Date :
3/10/16
Chd :
Graph to show Hoop Force (kN) against Height (m) at SLS
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
12
Moment (kN.m)
10
8
6
4
2
0
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
12
Moment (kN.m)
10
8
6
4
2
0
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
orce (kN) against Height (m) at ULS
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
ht (m) - origin at base of tank
nt (kN.m) against Height (m) at ULS
3.00
4.00
eight (m) - base at origin
5.00
6.00
7.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
orce (kN) against Height (m) at SLS
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
ht (m) - origin at base of tank
nt (kN.m) against Height (m) at SLS
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
nt (kN.m) against Height (m) at SLS
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
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Calculation Sheet
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Service Reservoir
Job Title :
Sheet No :
4.1
Rev :
of
4.1
Service reservoir
Drg. Ref :
Made by : HEG
Date :
10/3/2016
Chd :
4.1 Calculation of Reinforcement to resist Tensile Forces at ULS

p 3.1
Max. Tensile Force at ULS, Fst =
509 kN
Wall Thickness, h =
Total area of steel required, Areq = (Fst x ms)/(fy) =
300 mm
Area of Steel Required in Each Face =

Bar
BS8110 pt1
Table 3.25
(mm)
8
10
12
16
20
25
32
40
Spacing
(mm)
75
125
175
300
300
300
300
300
As
(mm2)
670
628
646
670
1047
1636
2681
4189
Fmax =
509 kN
Areq =
581 mm2
1163 mm2
581 mm2
Bar Required at ULS
T 8 at 75 c/c
T 10 at 125 c/c
T 12 at 175 c/c
T 16 at 300 c/c
T 20 at 300 c/c
T 25 at 300 c/c
T 32 at 300 c/c
T 40 at 300 c/c
Note - Minimum
%As in Tension
allowed by BS8110
pt 1 is 0.45% or
0.225% EF
Note - Maximum
Spacing allowed by
BS8007 is 300 mm
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Service reservoir
Drg. Ref :
Made by : HEG
Date :
3/10/16 Chd :
5.1 Calculation of Reinforcement to satisfy SLS requirements

p 3.1
Max Tensile Force at SLS =
324 kN
p 1.1
Cover to Reinforcements, cb =
Wall Thickness, =
Elastic Moduls of Steel, Es =
40 mm
300 mm
Maximum Design Crack Width, wmax =
0.2 mm
BS8007
210 kN/mm2
wmax = 3.acr.m
spacing
cl. B7
where
acr :
acr
cover
cl. B3
m = 1 - 2
cl. B7
1 = strain at the level considered

= Stiffening effect of concrete in direct tension.
sb/2
2 = 2bt h
3EsAs
for wmax = 0.2mm
2 = bt h
EsAs
for wmax = 0.1mm
From the above equations it is possible to gain an expression which can be

used to derive the spacing required for a particular bar size :
wmax = 3.acr.m
m = 1 - 2 = (Fs)/(As.Es) - 2
m = (F - bt.h)/(Es.As) for wmax = 0.1mm
m = (F - 2/3bt.h)/(Es.As) for wmax = 0.2mm
acr = [(spacing/2)2 + (cover+/2)2]1/2 - /2
As = (1000/spacing) x ((x2)/4)
Therefore :
for wmax = 0.1mm
wmax = 3 x( (spacing/2)2 + (cover + /2)2 - /2) x (F - bt.h)/(Es.(1000/spacing) x ((x2)/4))

BS8007
cl. B5
It is important to note that the strain in the reinforcement must be limited to

0.8fy/Es.
Therefore, for each bar size there is an optimum spacing, this is shown on
the next page.
Fmax =
324 kN
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Calculation Sheet
Sheet No :
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Member/Location :
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Service Reservoir
Job Title :
of
5.2
Service reservoir
Drg. Ref :
Made by : HEG
Summary table : spacings required per bar (Direct Tension at SLS)

acr
Bar Spacing
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
8
125
72
10
175
93
12
200
104
16
300
149
20
300
148
25
300
146
32
300
144
40
300
142
5.2
Rev :
1
x106
1917
1717
1363
1150
736
471
287
184
wmax
x106 x106 (mm)

1776
733 0.159
1592
656 0.184
1263
521 0.163
1066
439 0.197
682
281 0.125
437
180 0.079
266
110 0.048
171
70
0.03
As
(mm2)
402
449
565
670
1047
1636
2681
4189
Date :
3/10/16 Chd :
Job No :
Ove Arup & Partners

Calculation Sheet
52069 /15.2
Member/Location :
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Service Reservoir
Job Title :
Sheet No :
6.1
Rev :
of
6.1
Service reservoir
Drg. Ref :
Made by : HEG
Date :
3/10/16 Chd :
6.1 Calculation of Reinforcement to resist Flexure at ULS.

p 3.1
Max Moment at ULS, M =
p 1.1
Wall thickness, h =
p 10.1
Horizontal Steel, using T at mm c/c
h=
10 mm
Cover to Reinforcements ,cb +h =
50 mm
With a trial vertical bar diameter, v=
10 mm
- cb - v/2 =
p 1.1
Characteristic Strength of Conrete, f cu =
BS8110 pt1
K = M/bd2fcu =
245 mm
d=
245 mm
35 N/mm2
(19000000)/(1000 x 60025 x 35) =
0.009
K=
0.0090
If K 0.156, Compression Reinforcement is not needed.

Lever Arm Depth, z =
0.95 d
=
d(0.5 + (0.25 - K/0.9) =
Depth to neutral axis, x = (d - z)/0.45 =

p 1.1
-19 kN.m
300 mm
Therefore, effective depth, d =
cl. 3.4.4.4
Mmax =
-19.0 kN.m
233 mm
243 mm
z=
6 mm
x=
243 mm
mm
Area of Steel Required, As = (M x ms)/(fy x z) =
179 mm2
As =
179 mm2
Spacing Required, sb =
425 mm
sb =
425 mm
AAs =
185 mm2
Therefore, can use T10 at 425 mm centres

This gives an actual As of
185 mm2
This process can be repeated for other Bar Sizes :
BS8110 pt1
cl 3.12.6.3
Bar
d
(mm) (mm)
8 246
10 245
12 244
16 242
20 240
25 238
32 234
40 230
K
0.0090
0.0090
0.0091
0.0093
0.0094
0.0096
0.0099
0.0103
z
As Spacing
(mm) (mm2) (mm)
234 186
250
233 186
300
232 187
300
230 189
300
228 190
300
226 192
300
222 195
300
219 198
300
AAs
(mm2)
201
262
377
670
1047
1636
2681
4189
Summary
T8 at 250 c/c
T10 at 300 c/c
T12 at 300 c/c
T16 at 300 c/c
T20 at 300 c/c
T25 at 300 c/c
T32 at 300 c/c
T40 at 300 c/c
%As
0.07
0.09
0.13
0.22
0.35
0.55
0.89
1.40
Note - Maximum
%As allowed by
BS8110 pt 1 is 4%
Note - Maximum
Spacing allowed by
BS8007 is 300 mm
Job No :
Ove Arup & Partners

Calculation Sheet
Sheet No :
52069 /15.2
Member/Location :
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Service Reservoir
Job Title :
7.1
Rev :
of
7.2
Service reservoir
Drg. Ref :
Made by : HEG
Date :
3/10/16 Chd :
7.1 Design of Reinforcement to resist flexural cracking at SLS

p 3.1
Max Moment at SLS =
p 1.1
Cover to Reinforcements, cb =
40 mm
300 mm
Wall Thickness, h = a' =

Elastic Moduls of Steel, Es =
Elastic Moduls of Concrete, short term, Ec =
Maximum Design Crack Width, wmax =
wmax =
BS8007
3.acr.m
1+2(acr-cmin)
(h - x)
a
:
where cr
m = 1 - 2
cl. B7
cl. B3
Mmax = -12.8 kN.m
-12.8 kNm
210 kN/mm2
14 kN/mm2
0.2 mm
spacing
acr
cover
sb/2
1 = strain at the level considered
= Stiffening effect of concrete in direct tension.
cl. B7
2 = bt (h - x) (a' - x)
3EsAs (d - x)
for wmax = 0.2mm
2 = 1.5 x bt (h - x) (a' - x)
3EsAs (d - x)
for wmax = 0.1mm
F =( M/z), the lever arm, 'z', must be found for an elastic stress block:
For example, with a trial vertical bar diameter, v=

and a trial spacing of =
Therefore, effective depth, d = h - c - v/2 =
10 mm
100 mm
255 mm
As Serviceability Limit State Depends on a triangular stress block:

cc
Fcc
d
N.A.
x
Fst
st
Therefore x:
x = - e.r.d + e.r.d
x =
67 mm
1 + 2/(r.e)
, lever arm = d -x =
e =
Es =
Ec
Ast =
r=
b.d
188 mm
210 =
15
14
785 = 0.003
255000
d=
255 mm
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Ove Arup & Partners

Calculation Sheet
Sheet No :
52069 /15.2
Member/Location :
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Service Reservoir
Job Title :
7.2
Rev :
of
7.2
Service reservoir
Drg. Ref :
Made by : HEG
Date :
3/10/16 Chd :
From the previous equations it is possible to gain an expression which can

be used to derive the spacing required for a particular bar size :
wmax =
m = 1 - 2 = (Fs)/(As.Es) - 2
3.acr.m
m = 1
1+2(acr-cmin)
(h - x)
M - bt.(h - x)(a' - x) for wmax = 0.1mm
AsEs z
3(d - x)
or, m (wmax = 0.1) = 1.5 x m (wmax = 0.2)

acr = (spacing/2)2 + (cover + /2)2 - /2
As = (1000/spacing) x ((x2)/4)
Therefore :
wmax = 3 x( (spacing/2)2 + (cover + /2)2 - /2) x
BS8007
cl. B5
1
(1000/spacing) x ((x2)/4) Es
It is important to note that the strain in the reinforcement must be limited to

0.8fy/Es.
Therefore, for each bar size there is an optimum spacing :
Bars
d
x
force
spacin
8
256
33
58
300
10
255
41
60
300
12
254
48
62
300
16
252
62
68
300
20
25
250 247.5
74.3 88.4
73
81
300
300
32
244
106
93
300
40
240
122
109
300
acr
152
(mm)
(mm)
kN
(mm)
152
151
149
148
146
144
142 (mm)
1640 1091
788
480
332
235
165
124 x10-6
3024 1901
1297
706
439
273
162
102 x10-6
m
wmax
22 x10-6
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 (mm)
NA = The Spacing of the bars required, violates the min spacing of rebar or the max
steel ratio of 4%.
M - bt.(h - x)(a' - x)
z
3(d - x)
Ove Arup & Partners

Calculation Sheet
Job No :
Sheet No :
52069 /15.2
Member/Location :
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Service Reservoir
Job Title :
8.1
Rev :
of
8.3
Service reservoir
Drg. Ref :
Made by :
HEG
Date :
3/10/16 Chd :
8.1 Calculation of Reinforcement needed to resist Early Thermal Cracking.

Two possible values of required reinforcement are available, these values
depend on whether or not the designer wants to take account of
cl. 5.3.3.(b) in BS8007.
BS8007
cl. 5.3.3(b)
Table 5.1
"In option 2 cracking is controlled by the reinforcement, but the joint

spacing is such that some of the daily and seasonal movements in the
mature slab or structural member are accommodated at the joints.
Option 2 : Complete joints 15m.
Note : This usually applies to vertical steel where height of tank 15 m
Use Option 2 where appropriate.
Do Not Use Option 2.
8.1.1 Vertical Steel

BS8007
cl. A3
R = Restraint Factor =
smax = (fct/fb) x (/(2x))
0.5
wmax = smax x x R x (T1 + T2)

Therefore,
wmax = (fct/fb) x (/(2x)) x x R x (T1 + T2)
The required Area of Steel can then be calculated by :

As = x "Surface Zone Area"
BS8007
cl. A2
Note : crit, crit = fct/fy

Since Not Using Option 2 and Wall Height is less or equal to 15m,
therefore T2 = 20 C
P 1.1
wmax =
0.2 mm
=
0.333 x 10-3
crit = (1.6/460) =
0.00348
= 0.333 x 10-3
crit = 0.00348
Ove Arup & Partners

Calculation Sheet
Job No :
Sheet No :
52069 /15.2
Member/Location :
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Service Reservoir
Job Title :
8.2
Rev :
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8.3
Service reservoir
Drg. Ref :
Made by :
HEG
Date :
3/10/16 Chd :
The following table gives values of bar spacing required in order to resist
Early Thermal Cracking : VERTICAL STEEL
Bar
(mm)
8
10
12
16
20
25
32
40
crit
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.007
0.008
0.011
0.013
As Spacing AAs
(mm2) (mm) (mm2)
522
75
670
524
522
150
646
599.4 175.0
804
799.2 250.0
999.0 300.0 1047
1249 300 1636
1598 300 2681
1998 300 4189
Summary
Bars E.F.
T 8 at 75 c/c
T 10 at 150 c/c
T 12 at 175 c/c
T 16 at 250 c/c
T 20 at 300 c/c
T 25 at 300 c/c
T 32 at 300 c/c
T 40 at 300 c/c
8.1.2 Horizontal Steel

If Using Option 2 for horizontal steel, then you must return to
page 1.1 and set T2 to 0 C
Note :
BS8007
R = Restraint Factor =
smax = (fct/fb) x (/(2x))
cl. A3
wmax = smax x x R x (T1 + T2)

Therefore,
0.5
wmax = (fct/fb) x (/(2x)) x x R x (T1 + T2)
Steel Ratio, = (fct/fb) x (/(2xwmax)) x x R x (T1 + T2)

The required Area of Steel can then be calculated by :
As = x "Surface Zone Area"
BS8007
cl. A2
P 1.1
Note : crit, crit = fct/fy
0.2
0.333 mm
(1.6/460) =
0.003
wmax =
=
crit =
x 10
-3
= 0.333
crit = 0.003
x 10-3
Ove Arup & Partners

Calculation Sheet
Job No :
Sheet No :
52069 /15.2
Member/Location :
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Service Reservoir
Job Title :
Made by :
crit
(mm)
AAs
(mm2)
670
75
524
150
646
175
804
250
300 1047
300 1636
300 2681
300 4189
As
Spacing
(mm2)
(mm)
0.0035
522
10
0.0035
522
12
0.004
599
16
0.0053
799
20
0.0067
999
25
0.0083
1249
of
8.3
Service reservoir
Drg. Ref :
HEG
The following table gives values of bar spacing required in order to

resist Early Thermal Cracking : HORIZONTAL STEEL
Bar
8.3
Rev :
32
0.0107
1598
40
0.013
1998
Summary
Bars E.F.
T 8 at 75 c/c
T 10 at 150 c/c
T 12 at 175 c/c
T 16 at 250 c/c
T 20 at 300 c/c
T 25 at 300 c/c
T 32 at 300 c/c
T 40 at 300 c/c
Date :
3/10/16 Chd :
Ove Arup & Partners

Calculation Sheet
Job No :
52069 /15.2
Member/Location :
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Service Reservoir
Job Title :
Sheet No :
9.1
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9.1
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Date :
9.1 : Minimum Steel allowed in BS8007

BS8007
Rev :
The Minimum Steel Allowed in a water retaining structure is :
cl.2.6.2.3
0.35 % of the surface zone cross section for deformed grade 460
reinforcements. (In Each Face, In Each Direction)
Asreq
AAs
Bar
Surfac
(mm)
8
10
12
16
20
25
32
40
Depth
(mm) (mm2) (mm) (mm2)
150 525
75
670
150 525 125
628
150 525 200
565
150 525 300
670
150 525 300 1047
150 525 300 1636
150 525 300 2681
150 525 300 4189
Spaci
Summary
T 8 at 75 c/c
T 10 at 125 c/c
T 12 at 200 c/c
T 16 at 300 c/c
T 20 at 300 c/c
T 25 at 300 c/c
T 32 at 300 c/c
T 40 at 300 c/c
3/10/16 Chd :
Ove Arup & Partners

Calculation Sheet
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Sheet No :
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Rev :
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Made by : HEG
Date :
3/10/16 Chd :
10.1 Summary of Horizontal Steel Required
Bars
BS8110 DT
BS8007 DT
Area Spacing Area

(mm)
(mm) (mm2) (mm) (mm2)
8 75
670
125
402
10 125 628
175
449
12 175 646
200
565
16 300 670
300
670
20 300 1047
300
1047
25 300 1636
300
1636
32 300 2681
300
2681
40 300 4189
300
4189
Spacing
BS8007 Thermal
Min AAs Efficient

Area Spacing
Spacing
(mm2) (mm) (mm2)
670
75
670
628
125 628
X
565
175 646
670
250 804
1047 300 1047
1636 300 1636
2681 300 2681
4189 300 4189
BS8007 MinAs
Area Spacing
(mm) (mm2) (mm)
75 670.2 75
150 523.6 125
175 646.3 200
250 804.2 300
300 1047 300
300 1636 300
300 2681 300
300 4189 300
Spacing
Therefore assume T 10 at 125 mm c/c

Actual Area of Steel = 629 mm2
10.2 Summary of Vertical Steel Required
Bars
BS8110 Mom
BS8007 Mom
Area Spacing Area

(mm)
(mm) (mm2) (mm) (mm2)
8 250 201
300
168
10 300 262
300
262
12 300 377
300
377
16 300 670
300
670
20 300 1047
300
1047
25 300 1636
300
1636
32 300 2681
300
2681
40 300 4189
300
4189
Spacing
BS007 Thermal
Area Spacing
(mm) (mm2) (mm)
75 670.2 75
150 523.6 125
175 646.3 200
250 804.2 300
300 1047 300
300 1636 300
300 2681 300
300 4189 300
Spacing
Therefore assume T 10 at 125 mm c/c

Actual Area of Steel = 629 mm2
10.3 Weight of Steel and Concrete
Pecentage allowed for laps =
Density of Concrete, c =
Desity of Steel, s =
40 %
2400 kg/m3
7850
Volume of Tank Walls =
100
Weight of Concrete Required =
240
Steel Density =
92
Weight of Steel Required =
9
331989174.xls
Min AAs Efficient

Area Spacing
Spacing
2
2
(mm ) (mm) (mm )
670
75
670
628
125 628
X
565
175 646
670
250 804
1047 300 1047
1636 300 1636
2681 300 2681
4189 300 4189
BS8007 MinAs
kg/m3
m3
tonnes
kg/m3
tonnes
Base Fixity Values - 1.0_Info

PIN
FIXED
FREE
CrackWidth Values - 1.0_Info

0.1 output
0.2
Tensile steel at ULS - 4.0_ULSTen

Fst
As req
509 kN
581 mm2
Bars
spacing
AAs
8
75
670
10
125
628
12
175
646
16
300
670
20
300
1047
25
300
1636
32
300
2681
40
300
4189
12
0.00017
0.00034
0.00051
0.00068
0.00085
0.00102
0.00119
0.00136
0.00153
0.00170
0.00204
0.00221
1
16
0.00010
0.00019
0.00029
0.00038
0.00048
0.00057
0.00067
0.00077
0.00086
0.00096
0.00115
0.00125
20
0.00006
0.00012
0.00018
0.00025
0.00031
0.00037
0.00043
0.00049
0.00055
0.00061
0.00074
0.00080
25
0.00004
0.00008
0.00012
0.00016
0.00020
0.00024
0.00027
0.00031
0.00035
0.00039
0.00047
0.00051
32
0.00002
0.00005
0.00007
0.00010
0.00012
0.00014
0.00017
0.00019
0.00022
0.00024
0.00029
0.00031
40
0.00002
0.00003
0.00005
0.00006
0.00008
0.00009
0.00011
0.00012
0.00014
0.00015
0.00018
0.00020
Crack width Calculations - 5.0_SLSTen
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
300
325
8
0.00038
0.00077
0.00115
0.00153
0.00192
0.00230
0.00268
0.00307
0.00345
0.00383
0.00460
0.00498
10
0.00025
0.00049
0.00074
0.00098
0.00123
0.00147
0.00172
0.00196
0.00221
0.00245
0.00294
0.00319
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
300
325
8
0.00036
0.00071
0.00107
0.00142
0.00178
0.00213
0.00249
0.00284
0.00320
0.00355
0.00426
0.00462
10
0.00023
0.00045
0.00068
0.00091
0.00114
0.00136
0.00159
0.00182
0.00205
0.00227
0.00273
0.00296
2 (For 0.1mm)
12
16
0.00016 0.00009
0.00032 0.00018
0.00047 0.00027
0.00063 0.00036
0.00079 0.00044
0.00095 0.00053
0.00111 0.00062
0.00126 0.00071
0.00142 0.00080
0.00158 0.00089
0.00189 0.00107
0.00205 0.00115
20
0.00006
0.00011
0.00017
0.00023
0.00028
0.00034
0.00040
0.00045
0.00051
0.00057
0.00068
0.00074
25
0.00004
0.00007
0.00011
0.00015
0.00018
0.00022
0.00025
0.00029
0.00033
0.00036
0.00044
0.00047
32
0.00002
0.00004
0.00007
0.00009
0.00011
0.00013
0.00016
0.00018
0.00020
0.00022
0.00027
0.00029
40
0.00001
0.00003
0.00004
0.00006
0.00007
0.00009
0.00010
0.00011
0.00013
0.00014
0.00017
0.00018
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
300
325
8
0.01834
0.04096
0.07094
0.11004
0.15915
0.21871
0.28896
0.37000
0.46192
0.56474
0.80320
0.93886
10
0.01173
0.02614
0.04520
0.07005
0.10126
0.13915
0.18386
0.23547
0.29403
0.35956
0.51163
0.59818
W max - Crack width

12
16
20
0.00814 0.00457 0.00292
0.01811 0.01013 0.00645
0.03126 0.01744 0.01107
0.04839 0.02694 0.01707
0.06992 0.03889 0.02462
0.09607 0.05342 0.03381
0.12694 0.07059 0.04468
0.16260 0.09045 0.05726
0.20309 0.11302 0.07157
0.24841 0.13831 0.08762
0.35364 0.19707 0.12496
0.41355 0.23056 0.14626
25
0.00187
0.00411
0.00702
0.01080
0.01555
0.02134
0.02820
0.03616
0.04521
0.05538
0.07906
0.09258
32
0.00114
0.00249
0.00423
0.00649
0.00933
0.01279
0.01690
0.02167
0.02711
0.03322
0.04750
0.05565
40
0.00073
0.00158
0.00268
0.00409
0.00586
0.00802
0.01059
0.01359
0.01701
0.02086
0.02986
0.03501
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
300
325
8
0.01834
0.04096
0.07094
0.11004
0.15915
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.15915
10
0.01173
0.02614
0.04520
0.07005
0.10126
0.13915
0.18386
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.18386
MAX -CRACK (BELOW ADMISABLE)

12
16
20
0.00814
0.00457
0.00292
0.01811
0.01013
0.00645
0.03126
0.01744
0.01107
0.04839
0.02694
0.01707
0.06992
0.03889
0.02462
0.09607
0.05342
0.03381
0.12694
0.07059
0.04468
0.16260
0.09045
0.05726
0.00000
0.11302
0.07157
0.00000
0.13831
0.08762
0.00000
0.19707
0.12496
0.00000
0.00000
0.14626
0.16260
0.19707
0.14626
25
0.00187
0.00411
0.00702
0.01080
0.01555
0.02134
0.02820
0.03616
0.04521
0.05538
0.07906
0.09258
0.09258
32
0.00114
0.00249
0.00423
0.00649
0.00933
0.01279
0.01690
0.02167
0.02711
0.03322
0.04750
0.05565
0.05565
40
0.00073
0.00158
0.00268
0.00409
0.00586
0.00802
0.01059
0.01359
0.01701
0.02086
0.02986
0.03501
0.03501
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
300
325
8
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
125.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
125.000
10
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
175.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
175.000
12
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
200.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
200.000
MAX -SPACING
16
20
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
300.000
400.000
400.000
325.000
300.000
300.000
25
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
325.000
300.000
32
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
325.000
300.000
40
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
400.000
325.000
300.000
F=
cb =
323.69241
93
104
149
148
146
144
142
210
acr =
1 =
72
Es =
1917
1717
1363
1150
736
471
287
184
wmax =
0.2
2 =
1776
1592
1263
1066
682
437
266
171
m =
wmax =
733
0.159
656
0.184
521
0.163
439
0.197
281
0.125
180
0.079
110
0.048
70
0.030
402
449
565
670
1047
1636
2681
4189
33
37.5
45
60
75
93.75
120
150
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
300
325
8
0.00020
0.00044
0.00069
0.00094
0.00120
0.00146
0.00171
0.00197
0.00224
0.00250
0.00302
0.00329
10
0.00012
0.00027
0.00043
0.00058
0.00074
0.00091
0.00107
0.00124
0.00140
0.00157
0.00190
0.00207
12
0.00008
0.00018
0.00029
0.00039
0.00050
0.00061
0.00073
0.00084
0.00095
0.00107
0.00130
0.00141
16
0.00004
0.00010
0.00015
0.00021
0.00027
0.00033
0.00039
0.00045
0.00052
0.00058
0.00071
0.00077
20
0.00003
0.00006
0.00009
0.00013
0.00017
0.00020
0.00024
0.00028
0.00032
0.00036
0.00044
0.00048
25
0.00002
0.00004
0.00006
0.00008
0.00010
0.00013
0.00015
0.00017
0.00020
0.00022
0.00027
0.00030
32
0.00001
0.00002
0.00003
0.00005
0.00006
0.00007
0.00009
0.00010
0.00012
0.00013
0.00016
0.00018
40
0.00001
0.00002
0.00002
0.00003
0.00004
0.00005
0.00006
0.00006
0.00007
0.00008
0.00010
0.00011
40
bt =
h=
fy =
1000
300
460
2 factor = 0.6666667
1 max =
0.0017524
As =
spac max
Thermal Calculations 8.0_Thermal

2
T2 =
20
Not Using Option 2
Wall Height is less or equal to 15m
pre to a
0.0000
wall zone
150
Ultimate Moment Calcs 6.0

10
SLS Cracking in flexure 7.0
moment =
12.84145
Bars
d
8
256
10
255
12
254
16
252
20
250
25
247.5
32
244
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
300
325
40
240
8
97.712
74.073
62.392
55.048
49.867
45.952
42.856
40.326
38.206
36.395
33.447
32.223
10
114.906
88.562
75.164
66.622
60.543
55.921
52.248
49.235
46.704
44.537
40.997
39.524
12
129.820
101.670
86.936
77.406
70.563
65.327
61.148
57.707
54.807
52.318
48.240
46.539
10
12
NEUTRAL AXIS
16
20
153.870 171.752
124.178 142.409
107.720 125.221
96.765 113.446
88.755 104.676
82.547
97.793
77.544
92.190
73.394
87.506
69.875
83.510
66.839
80.045
61.834
74.296
59.736
71.872
25
187.694
160.278
143.144
130.988
121.727
114.338
108.249
103.110
98.690
94.831
88.379
85.640
32
201.803
178.196
162.210
150.332
141.000
133.387
127.005
121.543
116.794
112.608
105.529
102.494
40
210.591
191.408
177.395
166.481
157.622
150.217
143.890
138.393
133.551
129.238
121.849
118.646
25
32
40
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
300
325
8
81127
70586
66327
63903
62297
61136
60248
59541
58961
58475
57701
57385
10
91663
77155
71407
68169
66037
64504
63336
62408
61650
61015
60006
59596
12
103410
84300
76865
72717
70005
68062
66587
65420
64467
63672
62410
61898
m
1 max =
0.0034783
32
304320
195146
157004
137095
124674
116093
109761
104865
100950
97734
92738
90749
40
436644
264273
205118
174669
155884
143027
133612
126383
120634
115937
108687
105818
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
300
325
8
0.0002
0.0003
0.0005
0.0006
0.0007
0.0009
0.0010
0.0011
0.0013
0.0014
0.0016
0.0018
10
0.0001
0.0002
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0006
0.0007
0.0008
0.0008
0.0009
0.0011
0.0012
CRACK WIDTH
12
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.0003
0.0004
0.0004
0.0005
0.0006
0.0006
0.0007
0.0008
0.0008
16
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
0.0003
0.0003
0.0003
0.0004
0.0004
0.0005
0.0005
20
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
0.0003
0.0003
0.0003
0.0004
25
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
0.0003
32
0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
40
0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
MAX -CRACK (BELOW ADMISABLE)
MAX -SPACING
10
12
16
20
25
32
40
10
12
16
20
25
32
40
10
12
16
20
25
32
40
50
25 0.000000 0.000015 0.000027 0.000035 0.000036 0.000035 0.000034 0.000033
25
0.0000
0.0019
0.0033
0.0042
0.0043
0.0042
0.0041
0.0039
25
0.000
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
25
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
Es =
210
50 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000024 0.000032 0.000035 0.000036 0.000035
50
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0030
0.0041
0.0045
0.0044
0.0043
50
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
50
50.000
50.000
50.000
50.000
50.000
50.000
50.000
50.000
bt =
h=
fy =
20
for wmax = 0.2mm
25
214717
147227
123054
110216
102100
96435
92218
88936
86294
84113
80702
79337
cb =
wmax =
16
FORCE IN BAR (N)

16
20
130862
164112
100463
119355
89004
102913
82723
94039
78663
88365
75782
84368
73609
81373
71898
79027
70509
77130
69353
75558
67528
73086
66791
72091
0.2
75 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000006 0.000024 0.000032 0.000035 0.000036
75
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0009
0.0033
0.0044
0.0047
0.0046
75
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.005
75
75.000
75.000
75.000
75.000
75.000
75.000
75.000
75.000
1000
300
100 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000014 0.000028 0.000034 0.000036

125 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000002 0.000022 0.000032 0.000035
100
125
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0021
0.0003
0.0040
0.0034
0.0048
0.0048
0.0049
0.0051
100
125
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.004
0.003
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
100
125
100.000
125.000
100.000
125.000
100.000
125.000
100.000
125.000
100.000
125.000
100.000
125.000
100.000
125.000
100.000
125.000
460
150 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000015 0.000029 0.000034
150
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0025
0.0046
0.0052
150
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.005
0.005
150
150.000
150.000
150.000
150.000
150.000
150.000
150.000
150.000
175
200
225
250
300
325
175
200
225
250
300
325
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0013
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0043
0.0038
0.0032
0.0025
0.0006
0.0000
0.0053
0.0053
0.0051
0.0049
0.0043
0.0039
175
200
225
250
300
325
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.004
175
200
225
250
300
325
175.000
200.000
225.000
250.000
300.000
325.000
300.000
175.000
200.000
225.000
250.000
300.000
325.000
300.000
175.000
200.000
225.000
250.000
300.000
325.000
300.000
175.000
200.000
225.000
250.000
300.000
325.000
300.000
175.000
200.000
225.000
250.000
300.000
325.000
300.000
175.000
200.000
225.000
250.000
300.000
325.000
300.000
175.000
200.000
225.000
250.000
300.000
325.000
300.000
175.000
200.000
225.000
250.000
300.000
325.000
300.000
2 factor =
fc =
1
35
3.0_ Forces and Moments
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000007
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000025
0.000022
0.000017
0.000013
0.000003
0.000000
0.000033
0.000031
0.000029
0.000027
0.000022
0.000019
PINNED
Formula for fixed base
Formula for pinned base
acr =
x=
F=
1 =
2 =
m =
wmax =
As =
spac max
AT ULTIMATE
height, Lv
density,
thickness, xw
internal diameter, D
poissons ratio,
6.5 m
1000 kg/m3
factor of safety
1.4
300 mm
16 m
Lv2
2rh
0.2
=
(x) = e-xcosx =
(x) = e-xsinx =
Lv2
0.840896
2rh
FIXED BASE
x
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0
0.65
1.3
1.95
2.6
3.25
3.9
4.55
5.2
5.85
6.5
PINNED BASE
(x)
(x)
1
0.494579
0.154062
-0.013368
-0.064858
-0.059674
-0.03729
-0.016885
-0.004205
0.0015
0.002893
0
0.300908
0.297646
0.193568
0.091712
0.025843
-0.005175
-0.01378
-0.011896
-0.007149
-0.003084
0
81.397621
205.44964
283.22594
300.93247
274.73001
225.22728
167.39316
109.12717
53.226301
-0.1903645
Mx
36.83947
4.652471
-7.744867
-9.220188
-6.524496
-3.363572
-1.140392
-0.000713
0.381501
0.377604
0.245648
x
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0
0.65
1.3
1.95
2.6
3.25
3.9
4.55
5.2
5.85
6.5
(x)
(x)
Mx
1
0.494579
0.154062
-0.013368
-0.064858
-0.059674
-0.03729
-0.016885
-0.004205
0.0015
0.002893
0
0.300908
0.297646
0.193568
0.091712
0.025843
-0.005175
-0.01378
-0.011896
-0.007149
-0.003084
0
206.8135
329.5057
363.9033
339.1572
285.501
223.0703
161.6496
104.1688
50.24669
-1.475861
0
-13.56755
-13.42044
-8.727717
-4.135172
-1.165208
0.233345
0.621339
0.536396
0.322336
0.139066
Base Fixity ? - Pinned or Fixed

Mx
N
abs Mx
0
0
0
206.8135 -13.56755 13.56755
329.5057 -13.42044 13.42044
363.9033 -8.727717 8.727717
339.1572 -4.135172 4.135172
285.501 -1.165208 1.165208
223.0703 0.233345 0.233345
161.6496 0.621339 0.621339
104.1688 0.536396 0.536396
50.24669 0.322336 0.322336
-1.475861 0.139066 0.139066
363.9033 0.621339 0.621339
AT SERVICE
height, Lv
density,
thickness, xw
internal diameter, D
poissons ratio,
=
(x) = e-xcosx =
(x) = e-xsinx =
8.640082
8.640082
6 m
1000 kg/m3
300 mm
16 m
0.2
Lv2
0.840896
7.361963
2rh
FIXED BASE
PINNED BASE
Base Fixity ? - Pinned or Fixed
dis N
0
0
0
1.95
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.95
dis max Mx max Mx

0
-10000
0.65 -13.56755
0
-10000
0
-10000
0
-10000
0
-10000
0
-10000
0
-10000
0
-10000
0
-10000
0
-10000
0.65 -13.56755
program
force
program
moment
0
0.4054212
0.6459376
0.713368
0.6648577
0.5596741
0.4372898
0.3168855
0.2042046
0.0984997
-0.002893
0
-0.005036
-0.004981
-0.00324
-0.001535
-0.000433
8.7E-005
0.000231
0.000199
0.00012
5.2E-005
152.3201842 151.60459763 150.8948693 149.49285698 148.11388301 146.42215075 144.11246048 141.55494421

33.447
40.997
48.240
61.834
74.296
88.379
105.529
121.849
57.70053441 60.006001202 62.40982642 67.527755008 73.085719281 80.702389354 92.737763129 108.68704712
1639.879513 1091.4573379 788.3200295 479.79357167 332.34152837 234.86508224 164.72849792 123.55771999
3024.44063
-0.0014
-0.3433
168
33
1900.55408 1297.00283
-0.0008
-0.1977
262
37.5
-0.0005
-0.1224
377
45
706.44254
439.46838
273.02406
161.71159
101.79105
-0.0002
-0.0530
670
60
-0.0001
-0.0243
1047
75
0.0000
-0.0084
1636
93.75
0.0000
0.0006
2681
120
0.0000
0.0043
4189
150
x
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0
0.6
1.2
1.8
2.4
3
3.6
4.2
4.8
5.4
6
(x)
1
0.528552
0.194178
0.01258
-0.057491
-0.06536
-0.048133
-0.027055
-0.011052
-0.001821
0.002105
(x)
0
0.291871
0.308538
0.219753
0.119823
0.046553
0.005529
-0.011126
-0.013777
-0.010508
-0.006085
N
0
64.711264
168.78051
240.7243
264.35998
248.64051
208.92956
158.20429
104.58197
51.912509
1.3064486
Mx
33.37111
5.490591
-6.361509
-8.7264
-6.905584
-4.118657
-1.836377
-0.43976
0.20459
0.37659
0.32351
x
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0
0.6
1.2
1.8
2.4
3
3.6
4.2
4.8
5.4
6
(x)
1
0.528552
0.194178
0.01258
-0.057491
-0.06536
-0.048133
-0.027055
-0.011052
-0.001821
0.002105
(x)
0
0.291871
0.308538
0.219753
0.119823
0.046553
0.005529
-0.011126
-0.013777
-0.010508
-0.006085
N
0
174.9075
285.2694
323.6924
309.5992
266.2165
211.017
154.0035
99.38031
47.94524
-0.991071
Mx
0
-12.14777
-12.84145
-9.146203
-4.987058
-1.937536
-0.230115
0.463084
0.573418
0.437342
0.253273
N
0
174.9075
285.2694
323.6924
309.5992
266.2165
211.017
154.0035
99.38031
47.94524
-0.991071
323.6924
Mx
0
-12.14777
-12.84145
-9.146203
-4.987058
-1.937536
-0.230115
0.463084
0.573418
0.437342
0.253273
0.573418
abs Mx
0
12.14777
12.84145
9.146203
4.987058
1.937536
0.230115
0.463084
0.573418
0.437342
0.253273
12.84145
dis N
0
0
0
1.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.8
dis max Mx max Mx

0
-10000
0
-10000
1.2 -12.84145
0
-10000
0
-10000
0
-10000
0
-10000
0
-10000
0
-10000
0
-10000
0
-10000
1.2 -12.84145
DETAILS
Min bar Spacing
poker width
25 mm
hagg + 5 =
max % =
bars
agg
8
10
12
16
20
25
32
40
25 mm
4
4% GSA poker
33
4
33
35
7
35
37
9
37
41
17
41
45
26
45
50
41
50
57
67
57
65
105
65
staggered
40% bar face
30
37.5
45
60
75
93.75
120
150
min space
33
37.5
45
60
75
93.75
120
150
SUMMARY
Summary 10.0
SPACING HORIZONTAL STEEL
BS8110 DT bs8007 DT bs8007 th bs8007 min allowed
bar
bar
8
10
12
16
20
25
32
40
bar
8
10
12
16
20
25
32
40
75
125
175
300
300
300
300
300
125
175
200
300
300
300
300
300
75
150
175
250
300
300
300
300
75
125
200
300
300
300
300
300
670.2064
628.3185
646.2705
804.2477
1047.198
1636.246
2680.826
4188.79
628.3185
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
SPACING VERTICAL STEEL

allowed
bar
BS8110 Mo bs8007 M bs8007 th bs8007 min
250
300
75
75 670.2064
300
300
150
125 628.3185
300
300
175
200 646.2705
300
300
250
300 804.2477
300
300
300
300 1047.198
300
300
300
300 1636.246
300
300
300
300 2680.826
300
300
300
300 4188.79
628.3185
0
125
0
0
0
0
0
0
125
spacing
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
125
0
0
0
0
0
0
125
both layers of steel =
10
volume of steel =
0.002513 m3
4.0_ULSMom
h=
Muls =
300
cover =
hori steel =
fcu =
40
10
Bar
(mm)
d
(mm)
246
245
244
242
240
238
234
230
8
10
12
16
20
25
32
40
K
0.0090
0.0090
0.0091
0.0093
0.0094
0.0096
0.0099
0.0103
-18.99457
35
z
(mm)
233.70
232.75
231.80
229.90
228.00
225.63
222.30
218.50
As
Spacing
(mm2)
(mm)
186
250
186
300
187
300
189
300
190
300
192
300
195
300
198
300
AAs
(mm2)
201
262
377
670
1047
1636
2681
4189
%As
at laps
0.07
0.09
0.13
0.22
0.35
0.55
0.89
1.40
3.3_BaseM
Lv2 =
2rh
8.64
Table 9.35(b) Batty & Westbrook

Stiffness coefficients for walls
Lv2/2rh
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
Coefficient
0.139
0.270
0.345
0.399
0.445
0.548
0.635
0.713
0.783
0.903
1.010
1.108
1.198
1.281
Table 9.35(c) Batty & Westbrook

Stiffness coefficients for circular bases
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
8.640
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Actual coeff
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.937
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Coefficient
0.937
Without central support

Coefficient =
0.104
Effect of moment at base of wall

Lv2 =
2rh
8.64
L /2rh
2
v
Table 9.31(a) Batty & Westbrook tension coefficients

Table 9.31(b) Batty & Westbrook moment coefficients
Table 9.31(a) tension coeffiecients Coefficients at points
Actual
0.1Lv
Actual
0.2Lv
Actual
0.3Lv
Actual
0.4Lv
Actual
0.5Lv
Actual
0.6Lv
Actual
0.7Lv
Actual
0.8Lv
Actual
0.9Lv
Actual
1.0Lv
Actual
2.7
0
2.5
0
2.3
0
2.12
0
1.91
0
1.69
0
1.41
0
1.13
0
0.8
0
0.44
0
2.02
0
2.06
0
2.1
0
2.14
0
2.1
0
2.02
0
1.95
0
1.75
0
1.39
0
0.8
0
1.06
0
1.42
0
1.79
0
2.03
0
2.46
0
2.65
0
2.8
0
2.6
0
2.22
0
1.37
0
0.12
0
0.79
0
1.43
0
2.04
0
2.72
0
3.25
0
3.56
0
3.59
0
3.13
0
2.01
0
-0.68
0
0.22
0
1.1
0
2.02
0
2.9
0
3.69
0
4.3
0
4.54
0
4.08
0
2.75
0
-1.78
0
-0.71
0
0.43
0
1.6
0
2.95
0
4.29
0
5.66
0
6.58
0
6.55
0
4.73
0
-1.87
0
-1
0
0
0
1.04
0
2.47
0
4.31
0
6.34
0
8.19
0
8.82
0
6.81
0
-1.54
0
-1.03
0
-0.42
0
0.45
0
1.86
0
3.93
0
6.6
0
9.41
0
11.03
0
9.02
0
-1.04
0
-0.86
0
-0.59
0
-0.05
0
1.21
0
3.34
0
6.54
0
10.28
0
13.08
0
11.41
0
-0.24 -0.095982
-0.53 -0.433988
-0.73 -0.701196
-0.67 -0.756411
-0.02 -0.247229
2.05 1.65635
5.87 5.524356
11.32 11.41921
16.52 17.46732
16.06 17.599397
0.21
0
-0.23
0
-0.64
0
-0.94
0
-0.73
0
0.82
0
4.79
0
11.63
0
19.48
0
20.87
0
0.32
0
-0.05
0
-0.46
0
-0.96
0
-1.15
0
-0.18
0
3.52
0
11.27
0
21.8
0
25.73
0
0.26
0
0.04
0
-0.28
0
-0.76
0
-1.29
0
-0.87
0
2.29
0
10.55
0
23.5
0
30.34
0
0.22
0
0.07
0
-0.08
0
-0.64
0
-1.28
0
-1.3
0
1.12
0
9.67
0
24.53
0
34.65
0
Coefficient
-0.096 Coefficient
-0.434 Coefficient
-0.701 Coefficient
-0.756 Coefficient
-0.247 Coefficient
1.656 Coefficient
5.524 Coefficient
11.419 Coefficient
17.467 Coefficient
17.599 Coefficient
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Table 9.31(b) moment coeffiecients Coefficients at points

0.1Lv
Actual
0.2Lv
Actual
0.3Lv
Actual
0.4Lv
Actual
0.5Lv
Actual
0.6Lv
Actual
0.7Lv
Actual
0.8Lv
Actual
0.9Lv
Actual
1.0Lv
Actual
0
0.013
0
0.051
0
0.109
0
0.196
0
0.296
0
0.414
0
0.547
0
0.692
0
0.843
0
1
0
0.009
0
0.04
0
0.09
0
0.164
0
0.253
0
0.375
0
0.503
0
0.659
0
0.824
0
1
0
0.006
0
0.027
0
0.063
0
0.125
0
0.206
0
0.316
0
0.454
0
0.616
0
0.802
0
1
0
0.003
0
0.011
0
0.035
0
0.078
0
0.152
0
0.253
0
0.393
0
0.57
0
0.775
0
1
0
-0.002
0
-0.002
0
0.012
0
0.034
0
0.096
0
0.193
0
0.34
0
0.519
0
0.748
0
1
0
-0.007
0
-0.022
0
-0.03
0
-0.029
0
0.01
0
0.087
0
0.227
0
0.426
0
0.692
0
1
0
-0.008
0
-0.026
0
-0.044
0
-0.051
0
-0.034
0
0.023
0
0.15
0
0.354
0
0.645
0
1
0
-0.007
0
-0.024
0
-0.045
0
-0.061
0
-0.057
0
-0.015
0
0.095
0
0.296
0
0.606
0
1
0
-0.005
0
-0.018
0
-0.04
0
-0.058
0
-0.065
0
-0.037
0
0.057
0
0.252
0
0.572
0
1
0
-0.001 -0.00068
-0.009 -0.00676
-0.022 -0.017839
-0.044 -0.038879
-0.068 -0.063199
-0.062
-0.0636
0.002 -0.008561
0.178 0.160398
0.515 0.499638
1
0
0
0
-0.002
0
-0.009
0
-0.028
0
-0.053
0
-0.067
0
-0.031
0
0.123
0
0.467
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
-0.003
0
-0.016
0
-0.04
0
-0.064
0
-0.049
0
0.081
0
0.424
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0.008
0
-0.029
0
-0.059
0
-0.06
0
0.048
0
0.387
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.002
0
-0.003
0
-0.021
0
-0.051
0
-0.066
0
0.025
0
0.354
0
1
0.000 Coefficient
-0.001 Coefficient
-0.007 Coefficient
-0.018 Coefficient
-0.039 Coefficient
-0.063 Coefficient
-0.064 Coefficient
-0.009 Coefficient
0.160 Coefficient
0.500 Coefficient
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0.0Lv
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
Lv2/2rh
0.0Lv
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
Coefficient
Actual

Circular Tanks

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Using the package :

1) Enter Tank Dimensions in Section 1

Ove Arup & Partners

CYLINDRICAL LIQUID RETAINING TANK

Top Water Level at Ultimate Limit State, Lzu =

Top Water Level at Serviceability Limit State, Lzs =

Internal Diameter of tank, D =

Wall Base Fixity

1.2 Design Specific

Factor of safety on material - Concrete, mc =

Characteristic Design Strength of Concrete, fcu =

Design Crack Width, wmax =

Tensile Strength of Concrete (at three days), fct =

Average Bond Strength of Concrete, fb =

Thermal Expansion Coefficient, c (x10-6) =

Elastic Modulus of Steel, Es =

Elastic Modulus of Concrete, Ec (long term) =

Elastic Modulus of Concrete, Ec (short term) =

Maximum Aggregate size, hagg =

Ove Arup & Partners

2.1 Design Standards and References Used :

BS8110 - Structural Used of Concete

BS8007 - Design of concrete structures for 1987

Ove Arup & Partners

It has been assumed that :

Default values have been checked for any

Water retaining structures needing compression

Water retaining structures with a wall thickness of

2.2 Design Assumptions

Ove Arup & Partners

3.1 Design Forces and Moments

Hoop force (+ve = tension)

3.2 General Design

3.2.1 Ultimate Limit State

where x = 0m is base of wall

Use Batty and

Ove Arup & Partners

Graph to show Hoop Force (kN) against Height (m) at ULS

Hoop Force (kN) - Tension (+ve)

Height (m) - origin at base of tank

Graph to show Moment (kN.m) against Height (m) at ULS

Ove Arup & Partners

3.2.1 Serviceability Limit State

Use Batty and

Ove Arup & Partners

Graph to show Hoop Force (kN) against Height (m) at SLS

Hoop Force (kN) - Tension (+ve)

Height (m) - origin at base of tank

Graph to show Moment (kN.m) against Height (m) at SLS

Ove Arup & Partners

3.3 Effect of fixed base on wall moments

Effective height of walls: Le

Effective diameter of base: De

f x x Dex Lzu (c-l) x h =

Therefore, effective pressure, p =

Fixed end moment in circular slab, Mslab =

Fixed end moment in tank wall, Mwall =

Ove Arup & Partners

3.3.1 Ultimate Limit State

The bending moment at the base of the wall changes

### x coeff kN/m

Max Hoop Tension:

Ove Arup & Partners

M (-ve) = tension, outer face