Fundamental of Drawings & Surveying

Table of Contents
List of figures............................................................................................................................................. 3
Abbreviations............................................................................................................................................ 4
Acknowledgement..................................................................................................................................... 4
Introduction............................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1

Draft the given alphabetic letter sample with standard lettering rules.............Error! Bookmark not

defined.
1.2

First angle & third angle projection for orthographic views..............Error! Bookmark not defined.

Conclusion.................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.1

Range of land surveying instruments for particular jobs..................Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.1.1

Electronic distance meter...........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.1.2

Electronic theodolite...................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.1.3

Total station................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.1.4

Global Positioning System (GPS)...............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2

Setup & temporary adjustments for engineering level & theodolite. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.1

Setup & temporary adjustment for engineering level................Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.2

Setup & temporary adjustment for theodolite............................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Conclusion.................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.1

Chain surveying...............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2

Cross section at given chainage and the traverse for given place...Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2.1 Level sheet..................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2.2

CH: 0+010..................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2.3

CH: 0+020..................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2.4

CH: 0+030..................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2.5

CH: 0+040..................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2.6

CH: 0+050..................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2.7

CH: 0+060..................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2.8

CH: 0+070..................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2.9

CH: 0+075..................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

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Fundamental of Drawings & Surveying

3.2.10 CH: 0+085.................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2.11 CH: 0+095.................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2.12 CH: 0+105.................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2.13 CH: 0+115.................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2.14 Theodolite field survey...............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.3

Techniques used to plot drawings.....................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.3.1

Techniques used to plot the cross section at given chainage......Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.3.2

Techniques used to plot the traverse for given place..................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4

Estimate the concrete as a filling material for above given road........Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.1 CH: 0+010 - CH: 0+020...............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.2 CH: 0+020 - CH: 0+030...............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4.3 CH: 0+030 - CH: 0+040...............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4.4 CH: 0+040 - CH: 0+050...............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4.5 CH: 0+050 - CH: 0+060...............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4.6 CH: 0+060 - CH: 0+070...............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4.7 CH: 0+070 - CH: 0+075...............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4.8 CH: 0+075 - CH: 0+085...............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4.9 CH: 0+085 - CH: 0+095...............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4.10 CH: 0+095 - CH: 0+105.............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4.11 CH: 0+105 - CH: 0+115..............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4.12 CH: 0+115 CH: 0+025............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Conclusion.................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
References.................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Fundamental of Drawings & Surveying

List of figures
Figure 1 Electronic distance meter.............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 2 Electronic theodolite.....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3 Total station..................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 4 Global positioning system............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5 Adjust foot screws........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 6 Point the leveling staff through E.P..............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 7 Digital theodolite..........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 8 Chain and arrows.........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 9 Brass tags of chains.....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 10 Clinometer..................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 11 Mirror clinometer........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Fundamental of Drawings & Surveying

Abbreviations

Fundamental of Drawings & Surveying

Acknowledgement
Thanking my mom and my brother, without whom, I wouldnt survive a single day in my life
Towards all my lectures at the BCAS Batti campus, for teaching me the first steps of Fundamental of
drawings & surveying and for guiding me
Specially, I thank to Mr.R.Suhanthan, Mr.Ajmeer & Mr.A.J.M.Roshan for their support to do the
assignment effectively.
Thank you.

Fundamental of Drawings & Surveying

Introduction
In Task01 previews, how to draft the Alphabetic letter, draw the first angle and third angle projections
for orthographic views from 3D objects to 2D media with the appropriate layout of drawing sheet and
how to produce a fully dimensioned building and civil engineering drawing by using industrial standard
CAD software.
2nd task mainly focused on how to use a range of surveying instruments for particular jobs and all the
temporary setup & adjustment for engineering level & Theodolite.
How to calculate obtained survey data with the appropriate correction, techniques used to plot from the
obtained survey data and estimate the quantity of material from the digital drawing are mainly focused in
the 3rd task.

Fundamental of Drawings & Surveying

47o
B

19o
C

120m

h = Height of the building

x = Distance between land surveyor and the building
CD = 120m

In

ABD,

In

ABC,

tan190 =

h
120+ x

tan470 =

h
x

0.3443 =

h
120+ x

1.0724 =

h
x

120+x =

h
0.3443

h
1.0724

x=

Fundamental of Drawings & Surveying

120 =

h
0.3443

120 = h

1
1
+
( 0.3443
1.0724 )

120 = h

1.07240.3443
( 0.3443
X 1.0724 )

120 = h

( 0.7281
0.3692 )

h
1.0724

120 X 0.3692
0.7281

= 60.8488m.

So, the height of the building is 60.8488m.

Fundamental of Drawings & Surveying

3300m

C
318o

100o
x
38o

3000m
N

38o

318o 180o = 138o

138o 38o = 100o

Take the length of AB = x

a) Cos rule for

ABC,

(3000)2 + (3300)2 - x 2
Cos 100 = 2 X 3000 X 3300
o

Fundamental of Drawings & Surveying

9000000+ 10890000x 2
19800000

-0.1736 =

19890000 x2= -3437280

x2 = 23327280
x=

23327280

b) Sin rule for

3300
sinA

So, x = 4829.8323m

ABC,

4829.8323
o
sin100

Sin A =

3300 X sin 100

4829.8323

Sin A =

3300 X 0.9848
4829.8323

Sin A =

3249.84
4829.8323

Sin A = 0.6724
A = 42.2913
A = 42o 17 29
So,
42o 17 29 38o = 4o 17 29

4o +

17
60

29
3600

= 4o + 0.2834 + 0.0080556
=4.2915o
So, Bearing of B from A,
360o 4.2915o = 355.7085o
355o + (0.7085 X 60)
= 355o + 42.51
= 355o + 42 + (0.51 X 60)
= 355o 42 31

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Fundamental of Drawings & Surveying

Line

FB

BB

AB
BC
CD
DE
EA

150
230o30
306o15
298o
49o30

330
48o
127o45
120o
229o30

N
49o30

150o

E
N
298o

B
230o30

C
306o15

So interior angles,

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Fundamental of Drawings & Surveying

^
A

= 229o30 150o = 79o30

^
B

= 330o 230o30 = 99o30

^
C

= (360o 306o15) + 48o = 101o45

^
D

= (360o 298o) + 127o45 = 189o45

^
E = 120o - 49o30 = 70o30
So total interior angles = 79o30 + 99o30 + 101o45 + 189o45 + 70o30
= 541o
But, sum of the interior angles should be = (2 X 5 4) X 90o = 6 X 90o
= 540o
Correction to the angles
541o 540o = 1o = 60

60 '
5

= 12

^
A

= 79o30 - 0o12 = 79o18

^
B

= 99o30 - 0o12 = 99o18

^
C

= 101o45 - 0o12 = 101o33

^
D

= 189o45 - 0o12 = 189o33

^
E = 70o30 - 0o12 = 70o18

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