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There are other theories that explain why play works in the preschool
ESL classroom. When the teachers use games, songs and stories to
teach this new language, the children enjoy learning language If you
engage them in a game or song or story that uses the language you are
teaching, however, they will understand and use the language simply from
the exposure.
A final thought on learning through games stems from Dr. Howard
Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences. In this theory, Gardner has
defined several different areas of learning and also has explained that
not everyone learns in the same ways. The intelligences
include the following:
1. Linguistic intelligence: Learning and using spoken and written
language
2. Logical-mathematical intelligence: Logically analyzing problems,
detecting patterns, reasoning.
3. Musical intelligence: Performing, composing, and appreciating
musical patterns.
4. Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence: Using the whole body or parts of
the body to solve problems.
5. Spatial intelligence: Recognizing patterns of wide space and
confined areas.
6. Interpersonal intelligence: Effectively working with others.
7. Intrapersonal intelligence: Understanding self and feelings.
Why use flash cards?
Howard Gardner's multiple intelligence theory reminds teachers that there
are many types of learners within any one class. Gardner's research indicates
that teachers should aim to appeal to all the different learner types at some
point during the course. It is particularly important to appeal to visual
learners, as a very high proportion of learners have this type of intelligence.
Flash cards can be bright and colorful and make a real impact on visual
learners. Many of the activities outlined below will also appeal to kinesthetic
learners.
For children at reading age, flash cards can be used in conjunction with word
cards. These are simply cards that display the written word. Word cards
should be introduced well after the pictorial cards so as not to interfere with
correct pronunciation.
Flash cards are a really handy resource to have and can be useful at every
stage of the class. They are a great way to present, practise and recycle
vocabulary and when students become familiar with the activities used in
class, they can be given out to early-finishers to use in small groups. I
sometimes get the students to make their own sets of mini flash cards that
can be taken home for them to play with, with parents and siblings.
Activities for using flash cards
Memory Activities
1.
Memory Tester
Place a selection of flash cards on the floor in a circle.
Students have one minute to memorize the cards.
Students have two minutes to identify the names as they can
remember.
2. Reveal the word
Cover the flash card or word card with a piece of card and slowly reveal
it.
Students guess which one it is.
Once the card is shown, chorally drill the word with the group using
different intonation and silly voices to keep it fun. Vary the volume too,
whisper and shout the words. Children will automatically copy your voice.
3. Point or race to the flash cards (TPR activities )
Stick flash cards around the class.
Say one of them and students point or race to it.
Students can then give the instructions to classmates.
You can extend this by saying "hop to the cat" or even "if you have long
hair, swim to the fish" etc.
You can also incorporate flash cards into a game of Simon Says. "Simon
says, jump to the T-shirt" etc.
Preschool Teaching Practices
Provide opportunities for children to participate in both structured and
unstructured dance/movement activities that help build motor control and
body relationships and that strengthen self-regulation and memory (e.g.,
provide music and props and encourage children to make up their own dance
movements, play musical freeze and other games).
Participate in all movement and dance activities with the children.
Model different dance movements (e.g., twist, bend, leap, and slide).
Use correct vocabulary when referring to movements (e.g., gallop, twist,
stretch).
Provide opportunities for children to experience creative movement and
dance performances
(e.g., performances by peers, family members, or professional artists in the
classroom) and encourage children to observe, listen, and respond.
Connect movement and dance to curriculum themes and to other content
areas and domains throughout the day, especially fine- and gross-motor skills,
coordination, and other areas of physical development.
Observe and encourage childrens approaches to learning dance and
movement.
Provide a range of music from different cultures and genres for dance and
movement activities (e.g., classical, jazz, rock, salsa, reggae, rap, and others).
TRADUCCION:
Enseanza de Ingls en Preescolar:
Las investigaciones muestran que los nios en edad preescolar (y
otros) los jvenes estudiantes realmente aprenden mejor a travs
de juegos. Hay muchas razones para esto, incluyendo la teora de la
motivacin intrnseca.
La motivacin intrnseca: la gente est motivado para hacer cosas
debido a factores internos.
Los nios preescolares no entienden las ventajas que el
conocimiento de una segunda lengua dar a ellos y, probablemente,
tambin hay pensar que quieren ir a la escuela para aprender una
segunda lengua - en especial debido a que todava estn tratando de
comprender su lengua materna por lo que es importante motivarlos
a querer hacer las actividades de la clase de ingls que incorporan
el juego y los movimientos fsicos.
Otra investigacin incluye la teora acerca de la respuesta fsica
total. Esta teora afirma que el movimiento estimula las redes
neuronales y activa las capacidades mentales, que no se activan
cuando se est sentado en un escritorio. Los nios son ms
propensos a ser curioso con msica, juegos y actividades de
respuesta fsica total, por lo tanto, aprender y retener el
conocimiento.
Un ejemplo de una actividad de respuesta fsica total sera hacer
las formas del alfabeto con su cuerpo, o utilizando el cuerpo y
apoyos para imitar diferentes tipos de sensaciones, o el uso de su
voz, el cuerpo, un puntal o hacer creer para representar el
Actividades de memoria
1. El probador de memoria
Colocar una seleccin de tarjetas de memoria flash en el suelo
formando un crculo.
Los estudiantes tienen un minuto para memorizar las tarjetas.
Los estudiantes tienen dos minutos para identificar los nombres
que tienen memoria.
2. revelar la palabra
Cubrir la tarjeta flash o de palabra con un trozo de cartn y poco
a poco revelarlo.
Los estudiantes de adivinar de cul se trata.
Una vez que se muestra la tarjeta, a coro perforar la palabra con
el grupo diferente entonacin y utilizando voces tontas que siga
siendo divertido. Variar el volumen demasiado, susurro y gritar las
palabras. Los nios van a copiar automticamente su voz.
3. El punto o la raza de las tarjetas de memoria flash (actividades
TPR)
Tarjetas de memoria flash del palillo alrededor de la clase.
Diga uno de ellos y los estudiantes apuntan o raza a la misma.
Los estudiantes pueden entonces dar instrucciones a sus
compaeros.
Se puede extender esto diciendo "salto al gato" o incluso "si tiene
el pelo largo, nadar a los peces", etc.
Tambin se pueden incorporar tarjetas de memoria flash en un
juego de Simn dice. "Simn dice, salto a la camiseta", etc.
Prcticas de enseanza preescolar
Proporcionar oportunidades para que los nios participen en
actividades tanto de baile / movimiento estructuradas y no
estructuradas que ayudan a construir el control motor y las
relaciones del cuerpo y que refuercen la autorregulacin y la
memoria (por ejemplo, proporcionar la msica y los apoyos y animar