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Name:...
Student ID:.....
Group Number:..
Date performed experiment: ....
Lab supervisor:
INTRODUCTION :
In this Experiment we measure strain at a number of locations in a thick-walled aluminium cylinder
as shown in Figures 1 and 2 respectively. Our aim is to convert these strains to experimental
stresses and compare these with theoretical stresses.
Figure 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
cylinder
strain gauge measuring point
pressure gauge
hydraulic cylinder with hydraulic pump
connection for measurement amplifier FL 151
Figure 2
THEORY
In the case of the Thick Cylinder longitudinal stress z may be ignored and only a biaxial stress
system need be considered; the Figure below shows an element of material at some radius r and
contained within the elemental cylinder. This cylinder is subjected to an internal pressure pi. This
cylinder is a biaxial stress system. Hence, principal stresses and r are acting on this element. The
principal strains set up by these stresses are:
r
z
r
E
z
E
z r
r
(1)
(2)
(3)
Where
r = The radial stress (MPa)
= The circumference stress (MPa)
ri = The inner diameter (m)
ro = The outer diameter (m)
k = ro / ri
Internal pressure only
(4)
The cylinder is subjected to an internal pressure pi. This cylinder is a biaxial stress system. The
principal strains set up by the principal stresses r and are:
1
r
E
1
r
E
z r
E
(5)
Pi
r
E k 2 1
ro2 ro2
1 2 1 2
r r
Pi
r
E k 2 1
ro2 ro2
1 2 1 2
r r
k = ro/ ri = 74.5/18.625 = 4
5550
5550
0.331 2
2
r
r
5550
5550
0
.
33
1 2
r2
r
r 9.524 10 13 pi 1
9.524 10 13 pi 1
EXPERIMENT
1. You have completed the SoECS Laboratory Safety Assessment and submitted the Lab Safet
Acknowledgement Slip before enter the lab
2. Make sure to sign the lab logbook
3. Do not pressurize the apparatus for more than 70 bar.
4. Allow the apparatus to warm up for about 30 minutes before conducting the run.
PROCEDURE:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(7) Compute the table provided and calculates the theoretical strain value. Compare this value
with the experimental result.
(8) Plot the graph of hoop and radial strain against radius of the cylinder. Discuss the finding
from the graph.
RESULTS
Experimental Results
Strain
Gauge
10
Pressure (bar)
20
30
40
50
40
50
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Strain
Gauge
10
Pressure (bar)
20
30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Radius (mm)
20
30
40
50
60
70
10
50
Radius (mm)
30
40
50
60
50
Radius (mm)
20
30
40
50
60
70
10
50
50
Radius (mm)
30
40
50
60
LABORATORY REPORT :
Your group write-up of this Lab. should address previously stated aim and must be submitted
within two (2) weeks from date of conducting experiment hand in to the tutor .
Your lab report should include:
The cover sheet
An introduction
The methodology
Results
Plot separately the graph of radial stress vs. radius and hoop stress vs. radius for each
pressure (10 and 30 bar) for comparing: experimental stress with theoretical stress. Vertical
axis of graphs should be stress and horizontal axis radial location.
Plot separately the graph of radial strain vs. radius and hoop strain vs. radius for each
pressure (10 and 30 bar) for comparing: experimental stress with theoretical stress. Vertical
axis of graphs should be strain and horizontal axis radial location.
A Discussion and Conclusion.
Sample Calculations in an Appendix at end of Report.
Total 10 Marks
Dr. Saad A. Mutasher; updated by Dr. Soon Kok Heng2012