Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Editors:
Dr. K. B. Shrestha
Dr. D. B. Swar
Ms. N. D. Pandey
Mr. G. P. Pradhan
Jointly organised by
Publishers:
The views expressed in the proceedings are those o f authors and are not necessarily
those o f the editors and publishers.
EDITORIAL
In the history o f jute crop o f Nepal, it is the first time that a workshop o f international
level took place where jute growers, industrialists, research and developm ent workers
o f N epal stayed together and put combine effort to prom ote not only jute but jute
derivatives too. The presence o f a m ember o f National Planning Com m ission, the
secretary o f M inistry o f A griculture and Cooperatives, Secretary General o f
International Jute Study Group, experts from Bangladesh and India, vice president and
executive director o f Federation o f N epalese Chamber o f Commerce and Industry, the
branch m anager o f Nepal Bangladesh Bank Limited as well as other dignitaries
directly or indirectly related to ju te crops and industries added extra height to this
workshop.
The valuable suggestions, comments and criticisms received from all the distinguished
guests, technical as well as country paper presented and the lively discussion among
the participants came up with concrete recom m endation that if sincerely followed will
o f course bring tremendous impact in the prom otion o f jute and jute derivatives in
N epal.
The governm ent o f Nepal has to formulate and implement jute crop policy and
strategies. One o f the strategies will be to form a Jute and A llied Fibres Developm ent
Board consisting o f equal number o f participants from jute and allied fibre growers,
industrialists, financial institutions and the government. The function, role, rules and
regulation o f the board shall be prom ulgated only after a series o f discussion,
workshop and interaction among stakeholders. The stakeholders need to support the
board not only technically, adm inistratively but also financially. The m ain task o f the
board will not only be to increase the production and productivity o f jute crops but
also to prom ote m arketing o f raw jute and fibres and the derivatives. However, the
participation o f the government in this board will be for only five years, after which it
w ill act as referee or facilitator only.
In the wake o f environmental protection and biodiversity conservation m oments taking
place through out the world, Nepal has to promote jute and other allied fibres that will
conserve our environment as well as fetch foreign currencies. In order to take
advantages from the established institution working for the prom otion o f fibre crops, it
is im perative for Nepal to be a mem ber o f International Jute Study Group.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
International W orkshop on Promotion o f Jute and Jute Derivatives in N epal was
successfully com pleted as a result o f the contribution o f many people and
organizations some o f which are as follows:
M inistry o f Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC), International Jute Study
Group, Bangladesh, Jute D iversification Prom otion C enter (JDPC),
Bangladesh, National Centre for Jute D iversification (NCJD), India;
Departm ent o f Agriculture (DOA), Nepal A griculture Research Council
(NARC); Federation o f Nepalese Cham ber o f Commerce and Industry
(FNCCI), Agriculture Enterprise Center (AEC), Nepal Jute M ills A ssociation
(NJM A), and jute growing farmers o f Nepal
The organizing committee is thankful to the Honourable member o f N ational Planning
Com m ission, Dr. Hari Krishna Upadhyaya and the Secretary o f the M inistry of
A griculture and Cooperatives, Mr. Govind Prasad Pandey for their valuable presence
and thoughtful remarks.
Enorm ous thanks go to Mr. T. N. Kumar, Secretary General o f International Jute
Study Group for his continuous support right from the conceptual developm ent to the
successful com pletion o f the workshop. The financial as well as technical supports o f
IJSG in conducting the workshop are also highly acknowledged.
A special thank goes to Mr. Diwakar Golchha, Second Vice President, FNCCI; and
Mr. D. S. Pathik, Executive Director, NARC. The contributions o f NJM A and Jute
R esearch Program in local level m anagement are also duly acknowledged.
N ational Industrial Crop Development Program is highly appreciated for its superb
perform ance as the secretariat o f the workshop organizing committee.
The organizing committee would like to appreciate the continuous efforts and valuable
contribution o f Mr. Gautam Prasad Pradhan, an agronomist, before, during and even
after the com pletion o f the workshop.
Last but not the least; we would like to thank all the participants o f the workshop for
their valuable presence and cooperation.
Table of Contents
Editorial
A cknowledgem ents '
List o f abbreviation
Executive Sum m ary......................................................................................................................... i
Inaugural S e s sio n .......................................................................................................... ..... ii
Technical S essio n ................................................................................................................. iv
Plenary Session....................................................................................................................... x
W orkshop Recommendations and su g g estio n s........................................................... xiii
Introduction and Objectives o f the International W orkshop on Prom otion o f Jute
and Jute Derivatives in N epal
Ms. Niru Dahal Pandey ......................................................... ............................................... 1
Current Status o f Jute in Nepal and Policy Requirem ent for Its Promotion
Ms. Niru Dahal Pandey, Mr. Gautam Prasad P radhan................................................. 3
Extension strategies o f jute crop production and development from DADO and
farmers perspectives
Mr. Bair am P. Koirala, Mr. Hemsagar Gautam, Mr.Sankar Lai S a k y a ................... 7
Status o f ju te manufacturing in Nepal and role o f jute m ills association for its
enhancem ent
Nepal Jute M ills Association............................................................................................... 11
Jute Research in Nepal and future perspectives
Tara Bahadur G h im ire........................................................................................................ 17
Promotion o f Jute & Jute Derivatives in Bangladesh Perspective
Dr. A .B .M A b d u lla h .............................................................................................................. 25
Potential o f Jute & Jute Derivatives in India
Dr. T. K. Guha R oy............................................... ...............................................................35
Role o f Agro Enterprise Center /FNCCI in Improving Policy Environm ent for
Comm ercialization o f Jute in Nepal
Dr. Dev Bhakta Shakya.................................................. ......................................................43
Role and Strategies of the International Jute Study Group (IJSG)
Md. Siddiqur Rahm an...........................................................................................................51
Recommendation o f G roups........................................................................................................58
W orkshop Recommendations and sugg estio n s...................................................................... 60
A ppendices..................................................................................................................................... 62
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
AEC
CFC
CMC
COP
DADO
DISSPRO
DOA
ED
FAO
FNCCI
HMG/Nepal
ICB
ICDD
IJO
IJSG .
JAF
JBO
JDPC
JESCS
JRC
JRP
Kg
LDPE
MCC
MOAC
MT
MTO
NARC
NCJD
NICDEP
NJDB
NJMA
NSC
PAC
PSCB
RMBs
TAS
TPC
TRAs
VAT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A two days workshop on Prom otion o f Jute and Jute D erivatives in N epal was held
from 21 to 23 M arch 2005 organized jointly by His M ajestys G overnm ent o f Nepal,
M inistry o f Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC), International Jute Study Group
(IJSG) and Nepal Jute M ills Association (NJMA) at the centre o f ju te growing region
and industrial hub o f Nepal, the Biratnagar.
A good will visit o f Mr. T. N anda Kumar, Secretary General o f IJSG to the Secretary,
M OAC, HM G/Nepal on September 2004 resulted into the organization o f this
w orkshop at Biratnagar, Nepal.
Considering the importance o f this workshop the secretary, MOAC, Mr. Govind
Prasad Pandey formed a high level workshop organizing com mittee com prising o f
follow ing m embers from different institutions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Giving special importance to the workshop, despite their very busy schedule,
Honourable Dr. Hari Krishna Upadhyaya, member o f N ational Planning Com mission,
was present as the chief guest, who inaugurated the workshop by lighting the special
traditional lamp and the secretary o f M inistry o f Agriculture and Cooperatives, Mr.
Govind Prasad Pandey chaired the inaugural session.
Fifty (50) participants from different organizations viz. International Jute Study
Group, Bangladesh, Jute D iversification Promotion Center (JDPC), Bangladesh,
National Centre for Jute D iversification (NCJD), India, M inistry o f Agriculture and
Cooperatives (MOAC), D epartm ent o f A griculture (DOA), Crop Developm ent
Directorate, N ational Industrial Crop Developm ent Program (NICDEP), Regional
A griculture Directorate, D istrict A griculture Developm ent Offices (DADOs), Nepal
Agriculture Research Council (NARC), Jute Research Program (JRP), Regional
A griculture Research Centre, Federation o f N epalese Cham ber o f Commerce and
Industry (FNCCI), Agriculture Enterprise Center (AEC), Nepal Jute M ills Association
(NJMA), Jute Industries, Trade Promotion Centre (TPC), D istrict Cottage and Small
Industries Office and jute growing farmers o f Nepal took active part in the workshop.
The workshop was conducted in four sessions, inaugural, technical, plenary and
closing, followed by a field trip on third day.
Eight technical papers were presented on behalf o f IJSG, JDPC, Bangladesh; NCJD,
India; and NICDEP, JRP, NJM A, AEC, DADO, N epal in the two technical sessions o f
the workshop.
Inaugural Session
The workshop started with the welcome address made by Dr. K. B. Shrestha,
Chairperson o f workshop organizing committee and Joint Secretary, MOAC. Dr.
Shrestha m entioned the importance o f jute in Nepal and expressed his delight in
welcoming all delegates from Nepal, India and Bangladesh. Ms. Niru Dahal Pandey,
M ember Secretary o f workshop organizing committee and chief, NICDEP explained
the background and the objectives of the workshop.
She highlighted the objectives o f the workshop are to share the inform ation,
technologies and measures adopted to promote the jute sector; to w orkout common
program which is beneficial for jute producing countries and to explore the internal
and external markets o f jute products. She expected that the workshop would help
Nepal to identify intricacies in the area o f production, application, trade and m arketing
JAF and their products and stimulate in taking appropriate decisions.
In this inaugural session around hundred participants from different walks o f life were
present. Seven dignitaries, Mr. Champa Lai Rathi, Chairman, N epal Jute M ills
Association; Mr. M ahendra Kumar Shah, Jute Growing Farmer; Mr. Basu Dev
Golyan, Director, M orang Byapar Sangh; Mr. Kishor Pradhan, Udyog Sangathan
M orang; Mr. Diwakar Golchha, Second Vice President, FNCCI; Mr. D. S. Pathik,
Executive Director, NARC and Mr. T. Nanda Kumar, Secretary General, IJSG
delivered few words.
Mr. Champa Lai Rathi highlighting the national importance o f ju te industries
m entioned that around 18,000 people are directly employed in nine jute mills
operating in M orang and Sunsari districts which are exporting total processed jute
w orth around NRs. 270 million (US$ 38.6 million). He said that the situation at the
time o f opening o f jute industries is quite different than todays era o f open market
and prevailing principles of W orld Trade Organization. He expressed that the jute
industries are always ready to work with government towards uplifting jute crop
production as well as flourishing jute markets.
Jute grower, Mr. M ahendra Kumar Shah pointed out the reasons for decreasing jute
acreage in Nepal. He said that the major factors for such decline were the lack o f
quality seed and fertilizer and the inappropriate price o f raw jute.
Mr. Diwakar Golchha, the Guest o f Honour, expressing his happiness for the
organization o f such a high level multinational gathering that took place first time in
the history o f jute development in Nepal pointed out that this crop was earlier
produced in Nepal in the quantity o f more than 90,000 Mt. He mentioned that the price
o f raw jute has increased by more than 100 folds in three decades where as that o f
paddy increased by 10 folds only.
He said that the industries are dependent on Bangladesh and India for raw material,
skilled labour, and spare parts and above all need to compete with them for the
m arketing o f finished products. In spite o f such difficulties he stated that N epalese
industries can compete with other neighbouring countries in exporting jute to other
countries provided Nepalese government facilitate them by initiating subsidies as
prevailing in Bangladesh and India.
The Executive Director o f Nepal Agriculture Research Council, Mr. D. S. Pathik
highlighted the importance of jute crop and the history o f jute research in Nepal. He
recalled the coordination o f NARC with International Jute Organization and expressed
his enthusiasm to have cordial cooperation with IJSG in the field o f exchange of
ii
Germplasm, training etc. He also mentioned that NARC will give due emphasis
(financial as well as manpower) in strengthening jute research in Nepal.
The Special Guest, Mr. T. Nanda Kumar, Secretary General o f IJSG expressed his
extrem e happiness to be the co-host o f the international workshop on Prom otion o f
Jute and Jute Derivatives in Nepal. He started with the concern o f people asking him
about the future o f jute in the world wherever he went. He observed that jute lost its
essence from the world due to introduction o f synthetic m aterial; how ever, it is
regaining its pace slowly but steadily and will dominate world m arket once again in
near future due to its eco friendly nature, increased concern o f environm ent in
developed world and WTOs rules o f subsidy free environment in the world.
Mr. Secretary General, T. N anda Kumar suggested for fine tuning o f existing jute
developm ent and promotion policies and strategies o f countries like Nepal. Giving due
concern to the issues raised by previous speakers he requested to look after the issues
one by one. He suggested determining whether there is a problem in seed, in retting, in
quantity and quality o f fiber produced in Nepal or in product diversification. If there is
a technology gap in the processing sector, India, Bangladesh and Nepal can cooperate
and update and entire production o f three countries can collectively be taken to global
market.
At the end Mr. Secretary General stated that IJSG is always looking forward to work
w ith Nepal to uplift Jute in this region and also hoped that Nepal will jo in IJSG as a
mem ber in near future.
The chief guest o f the inaugural session, Honourable Dr. Hari K rishna Upadhyaya,
m ember, N ational Planning Commission, giving due importance to concern raised on
drastic decline in jute areas, directed the concerned institution to ascertain the
com petitiveness o f this crop over others. He was sure that such study will help the
governm ent to formulate suitable policies or tuning o f present policies for the
prom otion o f jute crop and jute industries in Nepal. He said that National Planning
Com mission will support all kinds o f endeavours directed towards the prom otion of
jute in Nepal.
The Deputy D irector General, Department o f Agriculture and a mem ber o f workshop
organizing committee, Dr. Deep Bahadur Swar, on behalf o f organizing committee
offered vote o f thanks to all the dignitaries, resource persons, delegates and
participants for their presence, valuable suggestions and assistances. In the same
occasion Mr. Deputy Director General also mentioned the top priority accorded by His
M ajestys G overnment o f Nepal to the promotion o f special industrial crops to
increase national income as a mean o f poverty alleviation and directed D istrict
Agriculture Development Offices to revitalize their efforts tow ards sustainable
com m ercial production of this crop.
The chairperson o f the inaugural session, Mr. Govind Prasad Pandey, the secretary,
M inistry o f A griculture and Cooperatives, in his closing remarks em phasized the need
o f cordial relation among not only farmers, researcher and developm ent workers but
traders and mills too for the sustainable developm ent and the prom otion o f jute. He,
praising the efforts started by N ational Industrial Crop Developm ent Program o f
D epartm ent o f Agriculture towards promoting coordination among stakeholders of
industrial crops, expressed his view that farmers and industries should also begin
playing proactive role to create confidence among each other.
He also emphasized to develop technologies that reduce cost o f production and
increase the production of quality raw (high grade) jute. M entioning the need o f focus
111
TECHNICAL SESSION
Technical Session 1
Current status o f jute in Nepal and policy requirem ent for its
promotion.
Presented by: Ms Niru Dahal Pandey and Mr. Gautam Prasad Pradhan
Industrial Crop Development Program, DOA, H arihar
Nepal.
N ational
Bhawan,
In this paper authors described the current scenario o f jute crop in N epal highlighting
the historical background o f jute development and its im portant in N epalese
economy. Present production status, m arketing status, institutional setup as well as
present policies and strategies were covered followed by challenges, opportunities and
policy recom m endation at the end.
The challenges perceived by authors for jute prom otion in Nepal were
The paper
Nepal:
IV
P a p e r 2:
Presented by:
Mr. Balram Koirala, Mr. Hem sagar Gautam and Mr. Sankar Lai
Shakya, D istrict A griculture D evelopment Offices o f M orang,
Sunsari and Jhapa
The paper highlighted the status o f jute farming in eastern Nepal. It m ainly focused on
constraints faced by farmers in jute production and marketing. M entioning the
activities o f DADOs for jute development, the paper made following
recom m endations:
P a p e r 3:
Presented by:
In this paper, the present status o f jute industries, as well we recent role o f Jute M ills
A ssociation in promoting production and manufacturing o f jute were discussed.
Explaining the scope o f product diversification, the paper indicated following
challenges and future strategies o f Jute M ills Association.
C hallenges
Low raw jute production
Absence o f local jute market
Use o f plastic packing material
Land locked country
Rigid labour law
Stores auxiliary material
Technical know how
F u tu re strateg ies
Approach to other Jute Product M anufacturing Countries for new
technology through which industry can manufacture value added Jute
Products considering W.T.O. & SAFTA requirement.
W ith the help o f governm ent o f Nepal, Promote the jute products as ecofriendly by compulsory using o f jute products for packing o f food grains &
other product.
To approach to government o f Nepal to provide facilities, tax benefit &
subsidies on export to third country like India & Bangladesh.
Promote jute "As a Natural Product which is bio-gradable & therefore does
not cause environmental damage" along with governm ent & other agencies.
Develop awareness am ongst the consumers about the environm ental
advantages o f Jute bags in com parison with plastic bag along w ith its
reusable value.
To find out other international market in addition to India for the product
o f Nepal.
To approach government o f India for allowing Jute industries o f N epal to
participate in government's tender and also allow our products in sugar
industries o f India.
Inspiring all jute industries to go for product diversification for the fast
grow th o f the jute industry.
In conclusion, NJM A observed that the government o f Nepal & other International
authorities are now serious for the growth o f Jute industry in Nepal. And it expected
that with few more favourable policies from government to promote the ju te products
and few favourable supports from jute producing countries & other international
authority ju te industries o f Nepal will touch a new high.
Paper 4:
Presented By:
The paper explained the research activities and future research perspectives o f jute in
Nepal. It m entioned that the current area, production and productivity o f jute is 11790
hectares, 16890 metric tones and 1432 Kg/ha respectively.
Itahari-1 o f C. capsularis and Itahari-2 o f C. olitorius jute varieties were officially
released by NARC for general cultivation in eastern terai o f Nepal in 1999.
D evelopm ent o f low cost cultivation and retting technologies and varieties suitable for
m ultiple cropping systems were the main research strategy o f the jute research
program in Nepal.
Low productivity; scarcity o f retting water; diseases like stem rot, collar rot, root rot
and yellow mosaic; insects like hairy caterpillar, semi looper, mite and apion; and also
weeds were the m ain challenges in jute production.
Owing to employment generation, sustaining soil productivity, and environm ent
friendly in nature jute has good scope in sustainable agriculture developm ent in Nepal.
Technical Session 2:
Chairman: Dr. Badri Ojha, Executive Director, FNCCI
Paper 5:
Presented by:
The paper started with the importance o f jute in respect to environm ental protection,
sustainable developm ent and ecological balance o f earth. It briefed about the
technological developm ent for diversification o f uses focusing on Bangladesh
situation and establishm ent o f Jute D iversification Prom otion Centre.
The paper described the objectives, scope, functions, structure, as well as working
procedures o f JDPC. H ighlighting the potential list o f technologies and products
identified by JDPC, Dr Abdullah pointed out the following im portant issues.
vi
At present jute products are produced in batch wise but for continuous supply m odern
continuous production engineering and quality control system have to be developed.
So that in this free market economy quality, colour, design, fashion o f the product can
be change according to consumer need. Thus institutional fram ework for training and
R&D activity should be pursuing in both the ends. In this respect we have initiated a
few training courses with the support o f IJSG and other govt. & private organizations.
There is a dart o f appropriate machine and equipments for m anufacturing diversified
ju te products. In this field there is lim ited/no R&D activities is really going on. So to
fulfil this gape national and international bodies both private and public sector should
come for word with specific plan and program.
Q uality o f raw material is very im portant for production o f diversified ju te products.
Here variety and retting technology along with w ater are very im portant. For quality
fiber special attention is needed in the farm er level. So that quality fiber is assured.
There is an enough scope for diversified uses o f ju te in m ultiple ways which has
indicated above. Quality fiber, appropriate technology, constant m arket promotion,
research & developm ent & their application are major requirem ent and constraint
which have to be overcome to widen diversification o f ju te uses in home & abroad. So
com m itm ents w ith constant pursuance are necessary for achieving this goal. It is a
dynam ic process. So, both national & international organization m ust work hand to
hand in a m ost appropriate way. From Bangladesh I can assure our colleagues in
N epal that w ith the collaboration o f International Jute Study Group we can easily
achieved this as jute and allied fibres are the indigenous natural resources only
available in this part o f the world. For your holistic appreciation I am giving a list o f
diversified ju te products which easily be produced from ju te & allied fibres as fiber,
yarn, fabric and their m odifications.
Paper 6:
Presented by:
Dr. Roy, in his paper, exclusively presented technological basis for diversification o f
ju te products. Among other things he pointed out following im portant technical
inform ation.
Jute is a natural fibre and is second only to cotton in amount produced and variety o f
uses. It has traditionally been used as packaging m aterials and to some extent carpet
baking cloth. Many markets o f jute have eroded when the synthetic m aterials came
into the world market as an alternative and cheaper packing m aterials. The steady
decline in traditional jute products has led to diversify the uses o f jute. As a result o f
research activities/ efforts, considerable progress has been made in identifying,
developing and commercializing a number o f diversified products.
The various product developm ents in the field o f diversification resulted from the
following two types o f activities:
D iversification o f jute mill products from traditional items to a mix
variegated non-traditional products such as mats, m atting, bleached and
dyed cloth, etc.
* U tilisation o f jute fibre/ yarns outside the ju te mill such as handloom /
pow er loom /carpet/ processing/ handicraft sector
Like the textile industry, ju te industry is also com prised o f two different segm ents i.e.
organized mill sector and decentralized handloom/ power loom/ cottage/ handicraft
sector. O rganized jute m ills are mostly located in the eastern part o f the country. The
decentralized handloom / handicraft units are scattered in different locations and are
specialized in different diversified jute products. Consequently, a num ber o f
diversified jute products have been developed from jute fibre, yarn and fabric. The
following are the market leaders in terms o f consumer acceptance, m arketing success
and sales turnover:
W et/ chemical processing o f j ute is an essential step for value addition and carried out
in fibre, yarn and fabric forms. The processes include scouring, bleaching, dyeing,
printing and finishing. However, jute differs from cotton in chemical com position. The
action o f chemicals on jute is somewhat different from that o f cotton. The processes
for cotton are therefore not directly applicable to jute. For example, scouring o f jute
goods, like cotton, with caustic soda solution under pressure results in high losses in
strength and weight, bleaching with bleaching powder solution gives unsatisfactory
bleaching results, random selection o f colourfast dye-classes from the range o f cotton
and wool dyes generally do not show the same high colourfastness on jute, drying o f
wet processed ju te goods in the sun causes fading o f colour/ shade etc.
The appropriate chemical processing technology will therefore have to be provided to
the decentralized units on priority basis. M oreover the market concepts for domestic
and global are abolishing and there will be one market that is Global M arket . Both
the sectors are aware o f the needs to equip and upgrade the current standard o f
working to m eet consum ers demand and market standards. Therefore transfer o f
appropriate technology to the decentralized units will certainly enhance their
com petitiveness, volume o f production and fetch high value o f their products as well.
Technical Session 3:
Role
of
AEC
in
improving
com m ercialization of jute in Nepal.
policy
___
environm ent
for
Dr. Shakya m entioned about the facts and figure on world trade o f ju te goods, jute
production in Nepal, export and import o f jute products from and by Nepal.
M entioning the Bangladeshi and Indian governm ents support for jute developm ent he
advocated the need o f similar support from Nepalese government too. Pointing out the
required prom otional activities such as:
Undertaking extensive publicity o f jute and jute goods as environm entfriendly natural fibre and diversification o f the uses o f jute products
Dr. Shakya emphasized the need o f public private partnership approach. At the end he
pointed out the A ECs possible roles such as:
AEC could take a crucial role in commodity policy developm ent provided
it was agreed that such policy is recommended from the floor.
It also could play a facilitators role in market prom otion through
organizing buyer sellers meetings, trade fairs etc.
It could also provide M arket Inform ation Service and act as
m arket
intelligentsia, in relation to W TO s SPS/TBT requirem ents and issues
Paper 8:
Presented By:
provided that this involvem ent shall not bring about any additional costs
for the adm inistrative budget o f the Group
To conduct consultations and exchanges o f inform ation on the international
ju te economy
To provide and improve statistics and market intelligence on ju te and jutebased products in consultation with the Food and A griculture Organization
o f the United Nations and other appropriate bodies
To undertake studies on various aspects o f the world ju te economy and
related issues; and
To consider problems or difficulties this may arise in the international jute
economy. In implementing its functions, the Group takes into account the
activities o f other relevant international organizations, including the Food
and A griculture Organization o f the United Nations (FAO)
Recalling Nepal as a member o f erstwhile IJO and her active participation in the
prom otion o f JAF, Mr. Rahman mentioned that the prom otional activities such as this
workshop held in non-m em ber country like Nepal will facilitate the prom otion o f JAF
products in that country, thereby encouraging concern government to decide in favour
o f more usage o f JAF products and also to work more closely with IJSG.
PLENARY SESSION
In plenary session the participants were divided in to three groups to discuss and come
up w ith recom m endation on three critical areas: First on production technology,
Second on Jute M arketing and Third on product diversification (jute and jute
derivatives). G roups recommendations were as follows:
Solutions
Domestic Marketing
Awareness program:
Eco-friendly, biodegradable and durable
Regulatory measures:
Compulsory use o f jute packaging m aterials for food grains
Trade fair/ exhibition/ documentary
Advertisem ent (Radio, T.V. etc)
M arketing information services- Place, process, linkages, price trend, time
Provision o f insurance.
Infrastructure (Especially godown) through cooperatives.
Product modification, diversification, blending.
Export m arketing
Decentralized sector
Policy:
of
nonproducts in
Programs:
D iversification
conventional jute
mills.
To
create
employment
opportunities
for
small
entrepreneurs, W omen folk,
NGOs through diversification
o f jute products.
Improvement in
reduction in cost.
quality
Planning:
and
Strategies:
Projects:
The plenary session was followed by a closing session where Mr. Cham pa Lai Rathi,
Mr. Shambhu Lai Shrestha, Dr. Deep Bahadur Swar, Mr. T. N anda Kumar and
chairm an (Joint Secretary, M inistry o f Agriculture and Cooperatives) o f closing
session Mr. Asheshwor Jha expressed great satisfaction over the successful completion
o f the workshop. They were o f view that this workshop has triggered enthusiasm
among all stake holders to have strong coordination to promote ju te and jute
derivatives in Nepal and the region. Dr. Krishna Bahadur Shrestha, in that occasion,
delivered vote o f thanks to all delegates, resource persons, participants, IJSG, NJMA,
NICDEP as well as persons who were directly or indirectly involved to make the
workshop a grand success.
On the third day o f workshop participants visited Arihant M ulti-Fibres Limited,
Sonapur, Sunsari and learnt about the various activities of industry. A fterw ard the
participants visited Jute Research Program, Itahari o f Nepal Agriculture Research
Council, where the coordinator highlighted the jute research activities.
In lieu o f the workshop, on 24th o f M arch 2005, the resource persons from IJSG and
JDPC exchanged ideas with the secretary, jo in t secretaries, M inistry o f Agriculture
and Cooperatives; DG, DDG, Department o f Agriculture; ED, D irector Crop, NARC,
Chief, NICDEP on possible areas o f cooperation among IJSG, MOAC and JDPC at
secretarys chamber.
1. Recommendation on production
D istrict A griculture D evelopm ent Office must give priority to this crop and
begin extension activities right from coming fiscal year
NARC should strengthen and give priority to Jute R esearch Program
focusing on developm ent o f technology that reduces the cost o f production
as well as increase the production o f high grade jute
N ICD EP and DADO m ust be strengthen w ith jute specialists: Training and
w orkshop opportunities shall be provided to the NICDEP as well as DADO
staff
NARC and NSC should give extra effort to produce required am ount o f
foundation and certified seed respectively.
Seed production program shall be launched by DADOs o f suitable ju te seed
growing districts
Retting is the foremost problem in jute production, therefore, m odern
retting technology that consume less labour and w ater shall be prom oted
2. Recommendation on marketing
There should be a provision o f fixing m inimum support price before
planting
M echanism for smooth procurem ent o f raw jute should be established
Dom estic m arket o f jute products should be promoted:
Awareness program: Eco-friendly, biodegradable and
durable
Regulatory measures: Compulsory use o f ju te packaging
m aterials for food grains
Trade fair/ exhibition/ documentary
A dvertisem ent (Radio, T.V. etc)
M arketing inform ation services- Place, process, linkages,
price trend, time
Provision o f insurance
Infrastructure (Especially godown) through cooperatives
Product m odification, diversification, blending
Sim ilarly following measures should be adapted to prom ote the external
m arket o f jute products:
Explore new markets.
Reduce taxes- custom, VAT.
Trade fairs, workshop, buyer-seller interaction.
M arketing inform ation services system.
Increase com petitiveness by technical know -how , quality
control.
Proactive role o f governm ent m achinery.
Linkage with international organizations.
xiii
xiv
Background
Jute has been one o f the very im portant cash crops o f the Eastern Region o f Nepal.
Once Area under Jute Production reached up to 56714 ha, unfortunately, today the
area declined to 11790 ha only. National raw jute requirem ent (Nine Jute Industries)
has been estimated around 87,000 Mt while the production stands around 17,000 Mt
only.
M inistry o f Agriculture and Cooperatives giving due concerned to the prom otion o f
Jute and other industrial crops, has recently established N ational Industrial Crop
D evelopm ent Program (NICDEP) under Department of Agriculture. W hile NICDEP
was starting close coordination among research, developm ent, industry and farm ers o f
Jute crop, fortunately, there was a Good W ill visit from the Secretary General o f IJSG,
Mr. T. Nanda Kumar to the Secretary o f MOAC.
D uring the visit His M ajestys Government's efforts to Jute Research and
D evelopm ent and the activities o f IJSG were exchanged. Concerning about the
situation o f Jute in Nepal, Mr. Secretary General has invited Nepal to be a mem ber o f
IJSG and at the same time a proposal to organize an International workshop surfaced.
Accordingly, on 4th November 2004,
Mr Govind Prasad Pandey, the Secretary,
M inistry o f Agriculture and Cooperatives, formed a workshop organizing committee.
The m embers and their organizations are as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
In this workshop N ational Industrial Crop Developm ent Program, Kathmandu has
been working as the secretariat. The Nepal Jute Mills Association, Biratnagar & Jute
Research Program, Itahari have been coordinating at local level.
Current Status
Production Status
Figure 1 shows the area, production and productivity o f jute from fiscal year 1996/97
to 2003/2004 in Nepal. It is clear from the figure that the productivity remained
almost constant (below 2000 kg/hectare) during the given period. Although the area
under ju te crop showed marked increment in 1999/2000 reaching above 14000
hectares, in other years it remained almost constant around 12000 hectares. It is
obvious that the national jute production is far lower (around 17000 mt) than the
national demand of about 87000 mt per annum.
Area, Production and Productivity of Jute In Nepal (199S/97 -2003/04)
Area
Marketing Status
Out of ten, nine jute mills are running
At present, the consumption o f raw jute by these industries is around
87,000 metric tons per year
Current annual production o f raw jute is only around 17,000 m etric tons
Exports of ju te goods in 2003/04 was worth around NRs. 18,82,600
About 44,941 mt o f raw jute was imported in 2004
Tenth Plan
The tenth plan has given special focus on developm ent o f contract farming that
m aintains a balance between industrial crops and agriculture based industries
The focus on awareness raising programs on cooperative and partnership farm ing will
definitely help in the promotion o f industrial crops directly
Challenges
Opportunities
The area suitable for jute production in Nepal stands around 1,37,000 ha
where as actual area under jute cultivation is around 11,790 ha only
W ider gap between yield in research and farmers field
Very high demand o f raw jute
Increasing demand o f jute products in international market
- Increasing awareness o f environment friendly ju te and its
derivatives
Policy Recommendation
D istrict Agriculture Development Office must give priority to this crop
D istrict Level Seed Self Sufficiency Program (DISSPRO), a program o f
Departm ent o f Agriculture that makes every D istrict Agricultural
D evelopment Office responsible for attaining seed self-sufficiency, must be
launched for Jute Seed Production and Distribution
Research institute must be strengthen financially
DOA must be strengthen with jute specialists
Production and use o f plastic bags should be discouraged
Subsidy should be provided to farmers on their product
Farmers should form a Jute Growers Association o f Nepal (JGAN)
A secretariat shall be formed (Made up o f equal number o f representatives
from JGAN and NJMA) which works as a liaison between JGAN, NJM A as
well as other governmental and non-governmental organizations:
Introduction
Jute is an im portant fibre and cash crops for eastern terai o f Nepal. It is one o f the
m ajor foreign exchange earners. In Nepal the fibre is used extensively in
m anufacturing o f gunny bags, ropes, rugs and twins etc. Jute stalk stripped o f fibre are
used as fuel and also for fencing materials. Besides this jute leaves incorporate organic
m atter and nutrients in soil and make it fertile. In this way it is very useful cash crop
for N epalese farmers.
Table
1.
Area, Production
(1961/62-2003/04)
and
Productivity
of
Year
A rea in (000)
ha
Production in
(0 0 0 )mt
Productivity in
m t/ha
1961/62
1969/70
1970/71
1971/72
1972/73
1973/74
1974/75
1975/76
1976/77
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
30
52
55
57.85
54.41
33.1
34.28
27.07
34.06
39.97
46.85
63
51.959
35.32
30.40
23.66
27.20
47.191
19.84
14.45
13.55
12.93
14.068
15.49
8.842
9.46
9.70
11.70
11.90
12.095
11.695
11.55
11.289
11.697
11.851
11.79
37
49
53
58.06
55.45
40.14
41.35
44.92
48.48
55.80
65.55
68
59.28
42.663
39.039
25.048
33.124
61.102
23.452
15.00
17.62
15.61
16.05
19.056
10.004
11.47
11.865
14.274
15.73
15.515
12.471
14.895
16.392
16.954
17.036
16.89
1.23
0.94
0.96
1.00
1.02
1.21
1,21
1.66
1.43
1.40
1.40
1.09
1.14
1.20
1.28
1.05
1.21
1.29
1.18
1.04
1.30
1.20
1.14
1.23
1.13
1.21
1.22
1.22
1.32
1.28
1.07
1.28
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.43
Jute
in
Nepal
Price o f jute
Rs./Kg.
3.94
3.32
4.44
6.78
8.99
10.36
7.50
6.96
11.1
12.7
13.5
14.5
15.5
on
Present
Days
for
Jute
In the past Jute Development Corporation conducted some jute extension programs.
B ut after its dissolution there is not any special program for jute developm ent. D istrict
A griculture Development Offices distribute some seed kits and provide technical
assistance if farmers come to asked for any problems. For DADOs ju te sector was not
in their priority since long time because this was the responsibility o f JDC in past.
10
Background
Jute and Jute Industries play an important role in N ational Economy o f Nepal.
C ultivation and processing o f the Commodity provide employment to almost h alf a
m illion o f people and the crop is a significant source o f the cash income for rural
people and provides revenue to governm ent exchequers. Since the m arketing season o f
Jute coincides w ith the main religious festivals, cash earned from Jute serves a useful
purpose for farmers in meeting their need o f extra expenditure for these festivals. Jute
is also the crop that best sustain is agro-ecology in certain im portant regions o f Nepal.
Jute goods provide biodegradable packing material produced from natural fabrics.
1.
1936
Rated Annual
Production (MT)
14000
2.
1946
12500
3.
1981
6000
4.
1982
6300
5.
1990
6600
6.
1992
25000
7.
1993
7000
8.
1995
1500
9.
2001
6600
1993
1500
S.N.
10.
Year of Estd.
Mills
Except BJML all Jute mills are established in Private sector presently this mill is also
running on lease basis. At present only nine jute m ills are in operation except
11
Pathibhara Jute M ills (p) Ltd. The main activities o f all the Jute M ills in N epal are
concentrated on the following Jute Products:
Jute matting
Jute Bleach Cloth
Hessian
Sacking
Twine
in Jute
Products
There is vast change in the jute industry with the introduction o f m odern technology in
the world. During early eighties only two jute mills with the production capacity o f 50
M.T per day was there in Nepal now there are nine jute m ills running with the
production capacity o f 275 M.T per day. In last 25 year growth o f the Jute industry in
Nepal was very slow. Due to unstable atmosphere Jute mills o f Nepal are facing a lot
o f problem directly and indirectly in its day to day operation. We are still facing many
challenges to run our industry smoothly among them these are the major challenges.
12
Technical Know-How
Jute technical expert persons are not available in Nepal. Hence we have to hire them
from India & other countries. Due to huge turnover o f technical experts in Nepal the
uncertainty o f availability o f technical staff always lies there.
13
Conclusion
Before concluding I have to say that government o f Nepal & other International
authority are serious for growth o f Jute industry o f Nepal. W ith the few more
favourable policies from government to promote the jute product s and few favourable
supports from jute producing countries & other international authority ju te industries
o f Nepal will touch a new high.
14
n3
15000
10000
5000
0-
Ju te P roduction
.. ^
2001
2002
2003
2004
18803
23803
25641
30001
Year
u
2001
2002
2003
2004
18803
23803
25641
30001
H Import
26514
37636
41923
44941
Total
45317
61439
67563
74942
Local
Year
15
s
c
*>
>
40000
30000
20000
10000
2001
Hessian
5585
^S ack in g
15072
23556
[Total
44213
30893
66027
73689
Year
1s
c
50000
40000
>.
30000
20000
10000
2001
! Hessian______
4818
E3S a c k in g ____
13676
21599
26996
27953
Total
40092
53257
61203
Year
16
68322
ABSTRACT
Jute (Corchorus s v v . ) is an important industrial crop grown in the eastern terai region
o f N epal. The current area, production and productivity o f jute is 11790 hectares,
16890 m etric tones and 1432 kg/ha, respectively. Itahari-1 o f C. capsularis and
Itahari-2 o f C. olitorius jute varieties were officially released by NARC for general
cultivation in eastern terai o f Nepal in 1999. Developm ent o f low cost cultivation and
retting technologies and varieties suitable for multiple cropping systems are the main
research strategy o f the Jute Research Program in Nepal. Low productivity o f jute,
higher cost o f production, scarcity o f retting water, diseases like stem rot, collar rot,
root rot and yellow mosaic and insect like hairy caterpillar, semi-Iooper, mite and
apion, and weeds are the main challenges in jute production. Owing to em ployment
generating, sustaining soil productivity and environment friendly in nature jute has
good scope in sustainable agriculture developm ent o f Nepal.
Introduction
Jute is a tropical fibre crop which provides a living for more than 10 m illion peasant
farm ers in some o f the poorer parts o f South and Southeast Asia: Bangladesh, India,
China, N epal and Thailand. In Nepal about 0.1 m illion people are involved in jute
production and processing. About 18000 people directly got em ploym ent in 9 jute
m ills running in the M orang and Sunsari districts. Nepal has exported ju te products to
the tune o f 1882.6 million rupees in 2003/04 (MOA&C, 2060/61). Due to favourable
edaphic and climatic factors, eastern terai and inner terai region is the m ain dom ain o f
ju te in Nepal. It is a traditional cash crop showed prem ier position in the economy o f
this region. The demand o f raw jute by the existing industries is about 89100 metric
tones while the domestic supply is about 26730 metric tones only (Discussions with
Jute M ills Association). M illions o f rupees have been draining out in im porting raw
jute from India and Bangladesh. The area, production and productivity o f ju te in Nepal
during last twenty year are given in table 1. Area under jute production has remained
more or less stable since last ten year. Likewise, district wise area, production and
productivity o f jute in Nepal are shown in Table 2. Ecologically Jhapa, Morang,
Sunsari, Saptari, Siraha and Udyapur are recorded the main jute growing districts.
Im proved ju te varieties have covered about 90 per cent o f jute area in the country.
JRC 321, JRC 212, Itahari 1, JRO 632, JRO 524, JRO 7835 and Itahari 2 are the main
im proved varieties popularly grown in Nepal. Corchorus capsularis (Sada/white jute)
17
and Corchorus olitorius (Tossa jute) are the two important species o f raw jute grown
in Nepal.
The sales o f improved jute seed has been decreased over the years (Table 3).Out of
total jute area, tossa jute occupy about 60 % o f its cultivated land and m ainly grown in
upland and m id-high land mostly under rain-fed condition. Jute-rice-w heat (36%),
jute-rice-lentil (28%) and jute-rice-potato (11%) are the major jute based cropping
patterns in Nepal (IJO 2000).
Technologies Developed
Two varieties have been released in 1999:
1. Itahari-1 (IJO/LISA): Corchorus caysularis (sada jute),
originated from Brazil, recommended for Jute-rice-w heat,
Jute-vegetables and Jute-rice-fallow system under low and
mid-highland areas o f eastern terai o f Nepal. High yielding
capacity: 1665 kg/ha (1120-3439 kg/ha).
2. Itahari-2 (IJO/T-86: Corchorus olitorius (tossa jute)
originated from Taiwan, highly suitable in m oisture stress area
18
at the time o f sowing. Recommended for Jute-rice-wheat, Jutevegetable and Jute-rice-fallow systems under upland and m id
lowland condition o f eastern terai o f Nepal. It has average
fibre yield o f 1575 kg/ha (916-3254 kg/ha)
Planting o f jute on 30th Chaitra to 15th Baishakh for Sada jute was found
optimum for fiber production. Tossa perform ed better if sown after 15th o f
Baishakh.
Harvesting o f Jute at the age o f 120 days after sowing for both Corchorus
capsularis and Corchorus olitorius was found optimum for fiber
production.
60:30:60 NPK Kg. /ha for C. capsularis and 40:20:40 NPK Kg/ha for C.
olitorius has been recommended.
Jute bundle covered by rice straw and water hyacinth during retting equally
found good for quality fibre production.
Jute ribbon extraction methods (fresh fiber extraction with the help o f V
shape notched bamboo pole) were found economical and best for quality
fibre production.
Jute ribbon retting treated with 0.02% urea (20g/L o f water) or 0.2% EM
(200ml/L o f water) resulted superior fibre quality in Itahari- 1.
Ribbon retting fibre fetch higher price in the market as there were
minimum root content and foreign materials.
Ribbon retting fibre is more suitable and economical for m anufacturing
handy craft.
D e-topping at 30 and 45 days after sowing in Sada jute; and 30, 45 and 60
days after sowing in Tossa Jute has been found beneficial in higher seed
production.
Jute-paddy-potato cropping sequence had given highest return followed by
Jute-paddy-wheat sequence in eastern terai conditions.
Different
19
Future Perspective
Employment/incom e generation:
To uplift the rural poverty in eastern terai improvement in jute agriculture is must.
Large num ber o f marginal poor and landless people can get jo b in field operations
especially in weeding, harvesting, retting and fiber extraction process. Importance o f
crop can further be assessed from the fact that cultivation o f this crop generates paid
em ploym ent o f more than 30000 man days per season. Industrial operations o f nine
ju te m ills in the country are vital segment o f the national economy. A bout 18000
w orkers earn their livelihood from these jute mills. In addition to this, large number o f
' people have involved in raw jute and finished goods trading and ancillary activities.
There is scope to strengthen the jute seed sector which has export potential to
Bangladesh. Variety- JRO 524 is popular in Nepal as well as in Bangladesh. D rier part
o f Siraha, Dhanusha and Sarlahi are the potential districts for jute seed production.
Industrial development :
To make ju te cultivation sustainable and more profitable, its uses has to be diversified
in other product like geo-textile, paper, pulp, card board, furniture, geo-jute etc. All
research and developm ent activities should be reoriented more in favour o f export
market. N ewer and newer jute varieties and their diversified end use potentials need to
be evaluated keeping the foreign trade in vision. Jute retting and fibre extraction
plants could be established in the areas where plenty o f retting water facilities
available. Cottage industries o f jute handy craft could be promoted. Jute carpet
technology is cheaper than woollen carpet technology. If the price o f raw jute
increased there is a chance o f area expansion under this crop in eastern terai region.
Sustaining soil productivity:
As a crop, ju te grows with a degree o f reliability in adverse climatic conditions with a
global production o f some 3 million tones (NEW JUTE). It is grown without
ham pering the main crop of rice in eastern terai. It add organic m atter to soil and
beneficial to succeeding crops. As a natural vegetative material it decom poses adding
up to 5 t/ha o f rich organic nutrients to the soil (Anonymous, 1986/87). Organic
cycling from bast fibre cultivation observed that Sun hemp (cv.K 12-yellow) provided
crop residues up to 96 q/ha while jute (cv. JRO 524) provided crop residues nearly 41
q/ha (Bhattacharjee et. al., 2003).
Environm ent protection :
Environm ent consciousness has arisen through out the world. Jute being a natural
product and environment friendly (bio degradable) in nature find good favour in
various uses. The by-product o f jute has varied domestic and agricultural uses.
Exam ples are used for fuel, fencing and structural materials for rural areas after
extraction. This is a renewable source o f fuel and its uses minim ize deforestation and
save environm ent to a considerable extent. During the growing cycle o f about four
months jute and kenaf can produce up to 3.5 t/ha o f fibre and for each ton o f fibre 2.03.5 t/ha o f sticks chemically close to hard wood with low ash content (Shrestha, 2000).
21
Table
1. Area, production
(1980/81 -2003/04).
and
productivity
of jute
Year
Area
Production(M T)
Productivity
(Kg/ha)
.1980/81
51959
59284
1141
1985/86
47191
61102
1295
1990/91
14000
16000
1143
1995/96
11150
14950
1341
2000/01
11289
16392
1452
2001/02
11000
16000
1455
2002/03
11851
17035
1437
2003/04
11790
16890
1432
Area(ha)
Production(M T)
Yield (Kg/ha)
Jhapa
1200
1200
1000
Morang
8172
12232
1496
Sunsari
2000
3000
1500
Siraha
128
103
804
Saptari
250
313
1252
Udyapur
40
42
1050
Total
11790
16890
1432
22
on
Os
ro
Tf
in
Os
Os
Os
Os
as
On
NO
OS
OS
73
43
64
54
on
1-H
Qty
(MT)
no
on
0
OS
On
On
20
on
ON
00
ON
On
37
o
o
ON
On
ON
19
fS
o
o
o
o
o
(N
11
Commodities
1.
Jute goods
1,882,600
2.
Hessian
143,500
3.
Sacking
1,056,500.
4.
Twines
682,600
23
N
O
o
4
References
Annual report, Jute Research Program, 2000/01.
Annual report, Jute Research Program, 2003/04.
Anonymous 2000a. Study on the yield performance and cost o f jute cultivation in
Bangladesh, China, India, Nepal and Thailand, 1999- An Update. Final Report,
International Jute Organization (IJO) Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Anonymous 2000b. Study on the Existing Harvest and post-harvest Practices o f jute
and allied fibres (JAF) and their U tilization in JAF producing Countries. Final
Report, International Jute Organization (IJO) Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Anonym ous, 1986/87. Nepal Jute. Annual Special Issue. 1986/87. Jute developm ent
and trading Corporation, Jute Information Service Centre, Biratnagar, Nepal, p .71.
A nonymous, 1992. Proceedings o f the IJO/BJRI Training course on specialized
Techniques in jute and K enaf breeding. 20-29 July, 1992.
Anonymous,
2004.
Statistical
Information
on
N epalese
Agriculture
2003/04(2060/061). HMG/MOA&C, Agri-Business Prom otion and Statistics
Division, Singha Durbar, Kathmandu Nepal.
Bhattacharjee, A. K., A. K. Ghorai, S. Saha and A. K. Bandopadhyay, 2003. Role o f
Bast crop residues in organic farming. Jaf News, Vol. 1N o .l. Central Research
Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, Kolkatta (INDIA).
NEW JUTE. The Textile Consultancy Limited. Anvil House. 70 High Street.
Aberdour, Scotland.
Shrestha, S.P. 2000. Jute sticks and their utility. Paper presented at the workshop cum
Final coordination committee meeting o f the IJO/IFAD project on Adaptive
Research held from 20-24 March 2000 at Malang, Indonesia.
24
Introduction
Jute and allied fibres (Corchorus capsularis, Corchorus olitorius. Hibiscus
cannabinus and Hibiscus sabdariffa) are ligno-cellulosic coarse natural bast fibres.
These are generally used as the raw material for the production o f packaging materials
for their viscoelastic property. Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are their major chemical
elem ents. Cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin are their principal constituents
components. Their Meshy- structures are formed with the net-w ork o f the polymeric
structures o f above components. The three dimensional structures o f them are resulted
by different inter & intra molecular physical, chemical and hydrogen bonds between
them. N atural jute and allied fibres are biodegradable, photodegradable, thermal
degradable, non-toxic, nonplastic, drapable, anionic, acidic, hydrophilic, high
m oisture and U-V absorbing capacity, their cellulosic portion is m ostly present in
crystalline part. Jute & allied fibres are non-uniform, heterogeneous in character,
having no standard staple fibre length but at the molecular level their strength is
equivalent to iron. Here when jute is used it is included other two fibres also. Until
now traditional jute products are being produced by mechanical conversion o f it.
Jute has a similarity with cotton and wood simultaneously due to the presence of
cellulose and lignin respectively. On the other hand ju te is quickly growing
photosensitive crop only 120-140 days are necessary for its growth. It has relative
advantages in respect to bio-mass production as 98kg per day per hector is produced in
case o f jute as against 29kg per day per hector for any other forest/plant products. It is
also renewable sources o f bio-mass. And as a natural fibre it is second to cotton both
as production and uses. Jute and jute products are totally environm ent friendly. It is
not only environment friendly but its uses protect environm ent degradation in various
ways. Thus ecofriendly jute and jute products can play vital role in respect to
environm ental protection, sustainable development and ecological balance o f the
Earth.
M arket and uses o f traditional jute products are declining, but with the exploration o f
above intrinsic and extrinsic properties o f it, a wide range o f diversified products can
be made with jute and allied fibres as m ention above and they have hugs potential
market. And this market is divergent in character as the awareness o f environment
degradation courses by green house affect are increasing globally.
textiles-nontextiles,
Chem ical-nonchemicals,
woven-nonwoven,
compositenoncom posite, geotextiles, agrotextiles, technicaltextiles, home textiles, medicaretextiles, wood and plastic substitutes, carbon fibre and various buildings m aterials,
pulp, paper and paper board and new generation packaging m aterials etc. These
products can be produced through mechanical, chemical, bio-chem ical, conversion
along with com bination o f them and their easy care finishing and m odifications.
Technologies related to these products are also more or less available in different
national & international R&D organizations. Main hurdle is to transfer these
technologies for developing market demand consumable products.
Bangladesh Situation
M arket o f the traditional jute products are declining but prospect o f diversified jute
products are increasing with the passage o f time. Again considering global awareness
in respect to environmental degradation and ecological balance, it can be easily
focused that horizon o f uses o f natural fibres will increase in m ultidim ensional ways.
This needs developm ent of appropriate and cost effective marketable product. In fact,
both national and international approaches have already started in this direction.
B angladesh also initiated the same for revitalization o f Jute Sector. M inistry o f
Textiles & Jute, Government o f Bangladesh set up Jute D iversification Promotion
Centre (JDPC). JDPC has been created with the VISION o f reviving the past glory o f
jute as Golden Fibre through extension o f uses o f jute by vertical and horizontal
diversification and thereby improving the socio-economic conditions o f the all
sections o f people involved directly and indirectly with the Jute sector.
26
To provide data and inform ation about diversified jute goods and the
potential market to the enthusiastic entrepreneurs/m anufacturers.
To arrange necessary financial assistance to the potential producers o f
diversified jute products.
To keep continuous touch with various R&D institutions o f different
national and international bodies like IJSG, BJRI, IJIRA, IFTH etc.
To arrange market surveys, research and intelligence and creation o f a
database on markets and consumer choices/preferences on diversified jute
products.
To develop a programme on industry and m arket prom otion to
incorporate market and technological research to cover in greater details
the issues and concepts leading to specific investm ent proposals.
Functions of JDPC
Jute D iversification Promotion Centre perform s the following functions under the
general guidance o f M inistry o f Textiles & Jute having a Steering Com m ittee to
provide policy guidance and support for efficient and effective functioning o f the
Centre Headed by secretary with 18 members from both public and private sector
related with its activities. The important functions are:
To assess the current status o f jute diversification and its potential in the
short term, mid-term and long term perspectives;
To identify the suitable technologies for jute-diversified products and
acquire from R&D Institutions, their m arketable technologies for
commercialization;
To assess the demand and supply situation o f diversified jute goods and the
related goods in domestic as well as world markets and make projection on
their future growth;
To help private entrepreneurs for the preparation o f bankable project
documents towards investm ent in diversified jute products;
To undertake feasibility studies on market intelligence, research and
prom otion, investment promotion, etc.;
To provide package support which will include technological, m arketing
and financial assistance to the prospective entrepreneurs for diversified jute
products producing units;
Any other related functions which are necessary to prom ote diversification
uses o f jute products.
27
Structure of JDPC
Ministry of Textiles & Jute
Technology
End Products
1.
Jute blended yarn o f grist count 4 lbs or Fine yarn and blended yarn for
below where jute is the predominant production o f fine fabrics and fancy
fibre as per M ulti-Fibre concept and jute products.
yarn o f grist 6 lbs or below.
28
Chemical
Treatment o f Jute
delignification and modification.
for
Jute Blanket.
10
11
12
13
Jute Ribbon-based
technologies.
14
15
16
Fuel-wood substitute.
17
Sizing,
de-sizing
and
scouring
processing methods for jute yarn and
fabrics and their unions / blends.
18
19
different products
29
tapes
and
20
Technical
textiles,
agro-textiles,
geo-textiles, apparels, acoustics/
sound stabilizers etc.
21
A bsorbent
products.
cotton
substitute
by jute
Long-term Technologies
S.
N.
Technology
End Products
Jute
Products
Technology.
Irrigation Channel
Housing M aterials
Fibre
drain,
filter,
separator,
moisturizer, re-enforcing m aterial, geonet, cropland etc.
Ju te -b a s e d P u lp a n d P a p e r
C u ltu ra l p a p e r, in d u s tria l p a p e r,
n e w s p rin t a n d o th e r c ellu lo se
d e riv a tiv e s etc.
U V -p ro te c tio n a n d h ig h w a te r
a b so rb in g Ju te & Ju te P ro d u c ts.
10
P h o to -sta b le d y e s & d y e in g fo r
Ju te a n d Ju te P ro d u c ts
S pecial
lig h t
p ro d u c ts su c h
c an v a ss etc.
from
and
Pultrusion
Low
Cost
fa st
d e c o ra tiv e
as w a ll co v ers,
JDPC is always looking out for newly emerging technologies and processes with
higher value addition and market opportunities. In this respect about thirty-five
national & international R&D organizations and universities are under constant
contact.
30
The potential entrepreneur willing to set up enterprise for diversified jute products
may contact personally or over telephone, any professional o f JDPC and fix up a date
for prelim inary discussion and subsequent in-depth deliberation in respect of
m arketing prospect, availability o f technology, financial strength and capability o f the
entrepreneur. If the proposal is found technically feasible, econom ically viable and
com m ercially profitable then the entrepreneur will be required to prepare and subm it a
project proposal. JDPC professionals will assist the entrepreneur w ith necessary
inputs, if necessary, in preparing the project proposal. On receipt o f the proposal,
JDPC will convene meeting o f the Project Appraisal Committee (PAC) im m ediately to
evaluate the proposal in detail and consider the same for support as diversified jute
enterprise. A fter acceptance by PAC, JDPC will forward the project proposal to
com m ercial bank or any financial institution, in consultation with the entrepreneur, for
investm ent fund, as required.
(b)
Financial Assistance
JDPC has provided with Tk. 200 M illion as revolving fund at its disposal for
extending funding support to jute diversified enterprises up to 20% o f the project
Capital cost at a very reasonable Rate o f Interest as a means o f reducing investm ent
risk to the bank. And there by induced them to invest in the enterprises o f diversified
ju te products.
JDPC has provided Tk 30 m illion as a grand fund at its disposal for extending
incentive, not exceeding 15% o f the machinery cost to the investing entrepreneurs to
reim burse cost o f acquiring new technologies and related training, m arket survey,
intelligence and promotion.
)
1.
Chairm an
2.
M ember
M ember
4.
M ember
5.
M ember
6.
M ember
7.
M ember
Secretary
(d)
The approved criteria for sanctioning Grant Fund (marking system) to the investors o f
diversified jute products are as follows:
31
Technology-30
01.
Traditional
M odern/Innovative
20
30
M arket Promotion-30
02.
15
25
30
Contents of Jute-20
03.
10
10-25%
above 25%
20
10
20-100%
above 100%
20
Conclusion
In conclusion, I like to say that manufacturing o f diversified ju te products in
Bangladesh we are late, still our achievements in this respect are satisfactory.
I like to thank Dr. Krishna Bahadur Shrestha, Chairman o f the W orkshop Organizing
Com m ittee, M inistry o f Agriculture and Cooperatives, His M ajesty's G overnm ent o f
N epal & Secretary General Mr. T. Nanda Kumar, International Jute Study Group
respectively for rendering me this great opportunity to invite and present the paper in
this very im portant and timely "Workshop on Jute and Jute D erivatives here.
33
Group - B
Cellulose, Cellulose derivatives, CMC, MCC, Tech fibres, Sheets, Panels,
Floor tiles, Damp proofing sheet, etc.
Group - D
Hammock, Shikka, Shoe, Shoe upper, Shoe sole, Sandals, Door mat, Belts, Tape,
Lace, Braids, Braided Rugs, Door cheeks, Door and window screen, etc.
Group - E
Sweater, Cardigan, Jackets, M uffler, Caps, Carrying kits, Knitted wears, Knitted
bags, etc.
Group - F
Light fabric, designed fabric, Stripped fabric, Checked fabric, Dyed fabric,
Bleached fabric, Treated fabric, Union Fabric, W oollenized fabric, Lam inated
fabric, Printed fabric, Calendar, etc.
Group-G
Suitcase, B rief case, Gift boxes, Pots, Purses, Hold- all, Seminar Bags, Folders
and Files, Beach products, Jewellery box, etc.
Group - H
Denim, Drill, Suiting, Shirting, Sheeting, Scarf, Dress m aterials, Chaddar,
Tapestries, Curtains, Home textiles, Furnishing fabric, Bed cover, Sofa cover,
Cushion cover, Pillow cover, Scrim cloth, Apparels, Quilts, V enetian blind,
Backroom, Canvas, Tarpaulin, etc.
Group - 1
Carpet, Blanket, Mats, Satranji, Wall mats, Table mats Prayer mats, Running
mats, Technical Textile, Geo- Textiles, Brattic, Linoleum backing cloth, Floor
covers, etc.
Group - J
Grocery bags, Shopping bags, Carry bags, Laundry bags, Garbage bags, School
bags, Travel bags & kits, Haver sacks, Shoulder bags, Vanity bags, Purses, Toys,
D ecorative Products, Berets, Nursery pots/sheet/square, etc.
34
Preamble
Jute is a natural fibre and is second only to cotton in amount produced and variety o f
uses. It has traditionally been used as packaging m aterials and to some extent carpet
baking cloth. M any markets o f jute have eroded when the synthetic m aterials came
into the world market as an alternative and cheaper packing m aterials. The steady
decline in traditional jute products has led to diversify the uses o f jute. As a result o f
research activities/ efforts, considerable progress has been made in identifying,
developing and com m ercialising a number o f diversified products.
The various product developments in the field o f diversification resulted from the
following two types o f activities:
Diversification o f jute mill products from traditional items to a mix
variegated non-traditional products such as mats, matting, bleached and
dyed cloth, etc.
U tilisation of jute fibre/ yarns outside the jute mill such as handloom /
powerloom /carpet/ processing/ handicraft sector
Like the textile industry, jute industry is also comprised o f two different segments i.e.
organised mill sector and decentralised handloom / pow erloom / cottage/ handicraft
sector. O rganised jute mills are mostly located in the eastern part o f the country. The
decentralised handloom / handicraft units are scattered in different locations and are
specialised in different diversified jute products. Consequently, a num ber o f
diversified jute products have been developed from jute fibre, yarn and fabric. The
following are the market leaders in terms o f consumer acceptance, m arketing success
and sales turnovef:
The consum ers demand in respect to the above products is shown in table-1.
W et / chemical processing o f jute is an essential step for value addition and carried out
in fibre, yarn and fabric forms. The processes include scouring, bleaching, dyeing,
printing and finishing. However, jute differs from cotton in chemical composition. The
action o f chemicals on jute is somewhat different from that o f cotton. The processes
for cotton are therefore not directly applicable to jute. For example, scouring o f jute
goods, like cotton, with caustic soda solution under pressure results in high losses in
strength and weight, bleaching with bleaching pow der solution gives unsatisfactory
35
bleaching results, random selection o f colourfast dye-classes from the range o f cotton
and wool dyes generally do not show the same high colourfastness on jute, drying o f
wet processed jute goods in the sun causes fading o f colour/ shade etc. The problem s/
necessity for each o f the above processes have been enumerated in table- II (under
column 2).
The appropriate chemical processing technology will therefore have to be provided to
the decentralised units on priority basis. M oreover the market concepts for domestic
and global are abolishing and there will be one market that is Global M arket . Both
the sectors are aware o f the needs to equip and upgrade the current standard o f
working to m eet consum ers demand and market standards. Therefore transfer of
appropriate technology to the decentralised units will certainly enhance their
com petitiveness, volume o f production and fetch high value o f their products as well.
Technological Approach
The technological approach for resolving the technical defects and/ or meeting the
necessities for better consumer acceptance have been mentioned briefly in table - II
(under column 3)
Combined Scouring and Dyeing o f Jute with Acid, Basic and D irect Dyes:
Conventionally jute is scoured with a detergent at 80C prior to dyeing for the purpose
o f removal extraneous dirt, oil and other impurities. The detergents m ost commonly
used are anionic surfactants, which do not remove mineral or unsaponifiable oil and
fats properly. Hence a special scouring agent was prepared from non-ionic detergent,
organic solvent and pine oil to aid the removal o f oil and also assist in wetting out the
m aterials. Dyeing and scouring o f jute/ M esta with acid, basic and direct classes o f
dyestuffs was therefore carried out separately in a single bath process using the above
scouring agent. In case o f direct dyes, a little amount o f soda ash was employed.
M erits:
b) ,
Savings in: i) Process time ii) Heat energy and, iii) W ater
consumption
In single-bath bleaching and dyeing process either hydrogen peroxide or sodium per
borate can be used, but generally hydrogen peroxide is employed as bleaching agent.
It was therefore used together with sodium m eta-silicate, soda-ash/ caustic soda,
common salt and a non-ionic detergent. Direct dyes sensitive to alkaline oxidation
were found unsuitable and direct dyes containing copper were avoided since it
accelerates the catalytic decomposition o f hydrogen peroxide.
37
Benefits:
10. Woollenising
The object o f woollenising is to confer extensibility, flexibility and softness to jute as
well as to substitute either costly wool or coarser count cotton yarn. W oollenising o f
jute is effected by treatm ent with concentrated caustic soda solution in the cold or at
room tem perature. Rem arkable change occurs in its physical structure like lateral
swelling together with longitudinal shrinkage. As a result, the fibre is soft to the
touch and develops crimps like wool.
38
These fires -retardant jute based fabrics find use as underlay for upholstery, wall
covering, curtains and brattice cloth for use in coal mines.
Printing o f ju te fabric is mostly done by print- dry and/ or curing m ethod using
screens, pigm ent emulsion and synthetic pigm ent binder.
Acknowledgement:
The author is thankful to Mr. T. Nanda Kumar, Secretary General, International Jute
Study Group (IJSG), Dhaka, Bangladesh for inviting me to present this paper at
Biratnagar W orkshop, Nepal
The author gratefully acknowledges Mr. S. M ajumdar, Jute Commissioner, M inistry o f
Textiles, Government -of India for his continuous encouragement and support for
im plem entation o f these technologies in the jute sector.
Thanks are also due Mr. Sourav Das, The Executive Director, N ational Centre for Jute
D iversification (NCJD) & Deputy Jute Commissioner for rendering valuable
suggestions for preparation o f the paper and permission to present the paper for larger
interest o f jute sector in Nepal.
Jute
shopping
bags & travel
accessories
Jute
& jute
blended fabric
hairiness
&
less
fibre-
shedding
Wall hangings
40
1.
Process
Problem s/ Necessity
(1)
(2)
Technology to be used
(3)
Preparatory
P r o c e ss
a) S c o u r in g
R e d u c tio n o f p h o t o - y e l l o w i n g
b)
a)
b)
i)
R em oval o f JBO
D e g r a d a tio n o f p ro tru d in g
ag en ts
(4)
fib re
by
chem ical
1)
2)
S o l v e n t - a s s i s t e d sc o u r in g
C h e m i c a l d e-h a irin g & lig h tfa st
b le a c h i n g
B l e a c h i n g o f ju te at the b a tc h in g sta ge
C o ld b le a c h i n g o f ju te fibre
Im p r o v e m e n t in w h it e n e s s
R e d u c tio n
of
stea m ,
ele c tr ic ity and labour c o s t
c) E li m in a t io n o f c o s t l y w et
p r o c e s s in g m a c h in e r y
i)
P o or c o lo u r f a s t n e s s to lig h t
ii) R e d u c tio n o f e n e r g y c o s t
i)
O x i d a t i o n / d e c o lo u r i s a t i o n o f resid u al lig n in
U s e o f c h e m i c a l e n e r g y in stea d o f h ea t e n e r g y
1)
2)
i)
Dye
s e l e c t i o n th r o u g h tes t d y e i n g o f ju t e
fabric w ith v a r io u s c l a s s e s o f d y e
C a rry in g tw o p r o c e s s e s in s i n g le sta g e
3. Printing
i)
U se
o f v e g e t a b l e c o lo r a n t s & e c o - f r ie n d l y
s y n t h e tic d y e s
U s e o f natural p o l y m e r / e c o - f r i e n d l y sy n th etic
t h ic k e n e r & bin der
1)
2)
3. F in is h in g
I m p r o v e m e n t in h a n d le , drapin g
q u a lity & r e s is ta n c e to fibre
s h e d d i n g & a b ra sio n
_
i)
2.
B le a c h i n g
D yein g
a)
C h e m ic a l
b)
W oollen isin g
S u b stitu tio n o f c o s t ly
c o a r se co tto n yarn
c)
R ot p r o o fin g
R e s is ta n c e
attack
d)
r e p e lle n t
Water-
e ) Fire- retardant
wool
or
B r e a k d o w n o f a lk a li s e n s i t i v e lin k a ge
and d is s o lu t io n o f h e m i c e l l u l o s e s
ii)
A n c h o r in g o f th e s o f t e n e r re sid u e o n the
fibre su rfac e
iii)
B i n d i n g o f p ro tru d in g fibre
N o n - u n if o r m s w e l l i n g o f fibre
N a tu r a l d y e in g & printing
O d o u r - fr e e printing
C h e m i c a l F in i s h in g
W o o l l e n i s i n g o f ju t e yarn
R o t- p r o o f i n g fin is h in g
Im p e r v io u s to w ater
S u p e r fic ia l d e p o s i t i o n o f the p r o o f i n g a g en t
Fire-retardant c lo t h for m in e s
F o rm s an i m p e r v io u s la y e r p r e v e n t i n g the a c c e s s
o f oxygen
to
m icrob iological
41
60.0 r :
O
)
c
50.0 r
o
CO
*3c
40.0 r
o
o
30.0 *
c P
.2
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3D
20.0
10.0 j T ,
o.o
CM
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r-
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2000
1500
I
rf
a:
1000
a
i
5 0 0 -I
>
I
1999/00 ! 2000/01
2001/02 | 2002/03
2003/04
E x p o r t I ndi a
1103
1407
1638
1899
1883
WExport Overseas
3 . 78
8.55
3 . 57
6 . 07
4.16
44
PS
200
I 150
100
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
mm
2002/03
India
57.56
113.3
66.1
55
86.5
B angladesh
73.3
107.9
184.7
217.3
100.3
2003/04
45
J u t e K x p o r t Prices
US S
[otuiv
IJVVD t o . I k M o t it t h i
Jute Products
Diversified Products
Conventional Products
Y arn
Rope and Twine
Carpet
Backing
Cloth(CBC)
Hessian
Sacks
Jute Bleached cloths
46
Home
Textiles(M atting,
blended fabrics, upholstery)
Bags( Shopping/Hand)
Fashion accessories
Technical Textiles/
Geo Textiles/Soil savers
Floor coverings
Handicrafts, Foot Wears etc
is
60000
50000
40000
30000
yy
20000 I
10000
u
^yv
&
I
2001
2002
2003
2004
Hessian
4818
6393
7777
8666
^S ackinq
13676
19868
25474
30578
21599
26996
27953
29079
El Total
40092
53257
61203
68322
25000
c 20000 i
o
15000
10000 -j
5000
I
0 i
2001
2003
2002
M NJMA Data
47
70000 |
60000 !
50000 i
<
40000
30000 I I----
'
20000 1
10000
Q_
----
--------- - ,................... J -
2001
2002
-L - i
-T J----
2003
2004
H M G d ata N J M A D ata
Partnership Approach
Nepal Jute M ills Association is also one o f the M em ber Commodity
A ssociation o f FNCCI
AEC is closely assessing the prospect o f prioritising Jute products and
Leather products as the potential commodities where the G overnment will
have to consider bringing commodity policies to develop and expand
production and international market
Jute Industries are also equally responsible for the sub sector expansion
and should come forward with clear opinions and plans and start
considering public private partnership approach in addressing the issues
and participating in developmental programs
50
Background
Jute, Kenaf, and other Allied Fibres (JAF) are the second m ost im portant natural fibres
next to cotton. JAF are cash crops o f great socio-economic importance in countries
like, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, China, and Thailand, since they provide sustenance to
more than 12 m illion small and marginal farm families for their livelihood.
It provides employment to hundreds o f thousand o f other people in the processing,
m anufacturing, trading o f jute and jute goods. The end products o f jute are used by a
large num ber o f people around the world. Jute agriculture is labour intensive,
providing a scope for employment o f family labour including women. The organised
developm ent o f jute would, therefore, contribute to sustainable economic developm ent
and poverty alleviation o f the producing countries.
Objectives of IJSG
The International Jute Study Group functions for the benefit o f both exporting and
im porting members, with a view to achieving the following relevant objectives
adopted by the United National Conference on Trade and Development.
To provide an effective framework for international cooperation,
consultation and policy developm ent among members w ith regard to all
relevant aspects o f the world jute economy;
51
Strategy of IJSG
To achieve the objectives o f the Group, the IJSG Secretariat is pursuing a strategy for
the improvement o f world jute economy with particular emphasis on generic
prom otion o f jute and jute products. The strategy has been developed keeping in view
the present world jute situation and the future prospects o f jute.
The Strategy has been developed considering the major issues like
Continuing loss o f market o f the traditional packaging segment to synthetic
substitute;
Developing products like geotextiles, composites, etc. and their market
promotion; and
Taking advantage o f emerging environmental considerations and consumer
preferences for promoting new and diversified jute products;
The developed strategy is oriented towards increasing the market for traditional
products, developing new applications for traditional products, developing new
products, improvement o f productivity and product quality, addressing supply side
m anagem ent issues, and increasing consumer awareness by highlighting the
environm ent friendliness o f jute and kenaf.
The strategy has the following elements:
Retain and if possible, increase the market for traditional jute and kenaf
products
Develop new applications o f traditional products
Develop new products using the advantages o f natural fibres
Improve fibre quality
Improve productivity and product quality
Make use o f the sustainable development agenda
Increase consumer awareness by highlighting the environm ent friendliness
o f jute and kenaf
Address trade issues
Address supply side management issues
52
Membership
M embership o f the Group is open to all States (Countries) and the European
Community which are interested in the production or consumption of, or international
trade, in jute or jute products, and with the agreement o f the Council, to any
intergovernm ental organization having responsibilities in respect o f the negotiation,
conclusion and application o f international agreements.
Associate Membership
Associate M embership o f the Group is open to those organizations and entities that are
not entitled to full membership. This includes all associations, companies, and other
entities concerned with the development o f jute. At present there are 39 (thirty nine)
A ssociate M embers from different countries. A rihant M ulti-Fibres Limited,
Biratnagar, Nepal is an Associate M ember o f IJSG.
Council
The highest authority of the Group is the Council consisting o f all M embers o f the
organisation. The Council may, in certain circumstances, delegate its powers relating
to the approval o f projects and related activities.
53
international and national institutions and the private sector. The Group provides and
m akes available to members, associate members and other interested parties the
m arket outlooks and intelligence, including inform ation on stocks and consum ption by
specific markets and end-use industries.
The Group also encourages national
institutions in producing member countries to improve data collection in the jute
sector and to disseminate the results to all interested parties.
Market Development
The Group, in consultation with members, Associate M embers and interested parties,
identify constraints and opportunities in the world market for jute and ju te products
w ith a view to undertaking appropriate activities, with particular reference to
increasing the demand and developing the m arket for jute and jute products, as well as
dissem ination and commercial exploitation o f emerging technologies.
A post workshop evaluation has revealed that papers and inform ation
presented in the workshop were useful to the industry.
W ith the aim o f providing design support to the small / medium scale
producers o f jute diversified products very recently we have completed a
project on Design Workshop for jute diversified products both in India and
Bangladesh. We are also working for implementation o f the Second phase
o f this project.
To elucidate more information on the conventional and improved retting
practices, the IJSG Secretariat organised a one-day workshop in last
September where experts from India, Nepal and Bangladesh presented
papers. The recommendations o f the workshop have been circulated to all
the participants and are available in the IJSG website.
The IJSG Secretariat organised a one-day workshop on Seed Situation o f
India Nepal and Bangladesh. Recommendations o f this workshop have
been circulated to all the participants and are available in the IJSG website.
On-Going Projects
Currently the IJSG Secretariat is implementing a project on Jute
Reinforced Polyolefines for Industrial Applications: Phase II: M aterial
Optim isation and Process Up-Scaling for com m ercialisation . The
objectives o f the project are:
To develop pilot scale jute/PP granules
To apply these granules to produce different products
56
IJSG is of the view that for the overall growth of this sector and for the promotion of jute and jute
products, the non member countries related with production and consumption with jute and allied
fibres (JAF) may be involved in various JAF related activities. Promotional activities like holding
seminar /workshop in a non-member country will facilitate promotion of JAF products in that
country and provide an opportunity to project the different beneficial attributes of JAF and their
products by which concerned country may be benefited. This might encourage the concerned
government to decide in favour of more usage of JAF products and also to work more closely
with IJSG.
It is a fact that each country has a different approach for production, application, trade and
marketing o f natural fibres and their products. New issues also may emerge from time to time in
the constantly changing global scenario.
In this back drop IJSG Secretariat has felt it necessary to organise a seminar / workshop in Nepal
with the hope that it will help identify the country specific problems and provide suggestions to
take appropriate decisions.
Jute and allied fibres have a bright future but for its sustainable development and promotion it
needs strengthening o f R&D efforts both nationally and internationally under the umbrella of
IJSG to meet the challenges of synthetics as well as the needs of the environmentally conscious
consumers. It also requires a commitment and involvement from national governments along with
the commitment of the jute trade industry to use the research results to make jute and jute
products more competitive.
57
RECOMMENDATION OF GROUPS
Group I: Production Technology
Constraints related to jute production
Solutions
Domestic Marketing
Awareness program:
Eco-friendly, biodegradable and durable
Regulatory measures:
Compulsory use o f jute packaging materials for food grains
Trade fair/ exhibition/ documentary
A dvertisem ent (Radio, T.V. etc)
M arketing information services- Place, process, linkages, price trend, time
Provision o f insurance
Infrastructure (Especially godown) through cooperatives
Product modification, diversification, blending
58
Export marketing
D e c e n tr a lise d se c to r
Policy:
Development
and
strengthening o f unorganized
handicraft sector
Programs:
D iversification
of
nonconventional jute products in mills
To
create
employment
opportunities
for
small
entrepreneurs, W omen folk,
NGOs through diversification
o f jute products
Planning:
Improvement in
reduction in cost
and
Strategies:
Technical know
how/supports
from experts for implementation
o f technology
Projects:
quality
7. Improvement in brighter
colour o f raw jute o f Nepal
which is dark in colour
8. Bleaching and dying at
fabric stage in single stage
9. Super white colour in two
bath systems
10. Bleaching o f jute fibre to
produce lighter count (6-8
lbs) o f yarn
59
Recommendation on marketing
There should be a provision o f fixing minimum support price before
planting
M echanism for smooth procurement o f raw jute should be established
Domestic market o f jute products should be promoted:
1. Awareness program:
- Eco-friendly, biodegradable and durable
2. Regulatory measures:
- Compulsory use o f jute packaging m aterials for food
grains
3. Trade fair/ exhibition/ documentary
4. Advertisement (Radio, T.V. etc)
5. M arketing information services:- Place, process, linkages,
price trend, time
6. Provision o f insurance
7. Infrastructure (Especially godown) through cooperatives
8. Product modification, diversification, blending
Sim ilarly following measures should be adapted to prom ote the external
m arket o f jute products:
1. Explore new markets
2. Reduce taxes- custom, VAT
3. Trade fairs, workshop, buyer-seller interaction
4. M arketing inform ation services system
5. Increase competitiveness by technical know-how, quality
control
6. Proactive role o f government machinery
7. Linkage with international organizations
60
61
APPENDICES
62
G u est o f
H onour:
C h airm an:
M a s ter o f
C ere m o n v :
Special Guest:
R a pporteurs:
Date/Time
Resource Persons
Topics
21
M arch,
2005 (M onday)
08 :3 0-0 9:00
Reg istration
09 :00 -9:1 5
C h a irp erso n, C h ief guest, Special gu est and others take se at at dais o f the w o rk s h o p
W elco m e address
Dr. K. B. S h resth a , J o in t
M O A C /C h a ir m a n , W O C
0 9:25 -9 :40
9: 40-1 0:0 0
Inauguration
The C h ie f G u est
S ecretary,
Mr.
C h am pa
C h airm a n
Lai
Rathi,
Mr. M a h en d ra K u m a r Shah
Jute G row in g Farm er
Mr. Basu Dev G o lya n , D irect or
M orang B yapar Sangh
10:00-10: 50
Special G uest
Kumar,
Secy.
10:50-11: 10
Vote o f Thanks
1 1 :1 0 -1 1 :25hrs
C hairperson
ll:25-12:30hrs
L unch Break
63
Mr.
Pokharel
Achut
P.
Senior Officer
Raj
Mr.
Poudel
Yoga
Mr.
Poudyal
Shyam
Mr.
Pradhan
Gautam
Prasad
Agronomist
Consultant (Operation)
IJSG, Dhaka
Morang Rangeli -4
Mr.
Rahman
Md.
Siddiqur
Mr.
Rajbanshi
Badri
Narayan
Mr.
Rajbanshi
Manoj
Staff
Farmer
Tapuwa-2, Morang
Mr.
Rajbanshi
Rajendra
Prasad
Mr.
Rathi
Champa
Lai
Chairman
Mr.
Rathi
Nanda
Kishore
Director
Mr.
Rathi
Ramesh
Kumar
Director
Mr.
Rathi
Sohan
Lai
EM
Mr.
Rijal
Gayatri
Chairman
Mr.
Rijal
Santosh
General Secretary
Mr.
Rijal
Shirish
Director
Mr.
Rijal
Sushil
Director
Mr.
Sapkota
Prasad
Mahanand
a
Correspondent
Secretary
Member
Financial Executive
SRJM, Biratnagar
Mr.
Saral
Bhikham
Chand
Mr.
Sedai
S.
N.
Mr.
Sedhiya
Jitendra
Kumar
Mr.
Sethia
Manoj
Mr.
Shah
Mahendra
Kumar
Farmer
Bhokhra, Sunsari
Dr.
Shakya
Dev
Bhakta
Executive Director
AEC/FNCCI, Kathmandu
Mr.
Sakya
Shankar
Lai
Mr.
Sharma
Parikshit
Raj
Senior Economist
Mr.
Sharma
Sushil
P.
Joint Secretary
Dr.
Shrestha
Krishna
Bahadur
Joint Secretary
Mr.
Shrestha
Chandra
Bahadur
Senior Scientist
Mr.
Shrestha
Jitendra
Jute Expert
Kathmandu, Nepal
Mr.
Shrestha
Lalit
Office Chief
Commerce Office
Mr.
Shrestha
M.
B.
Section Chief
Mr.
Shrestha
Shambhu
Lai
Principal Scientist
Mr.
Singh
Abdhesh
Kumar
Mr.
Subedi
Sharad
Raj
Representative
Gorkhapatra Daily
DADO, Jhapa
Ministry o f Agriculture and Cooperatives, Kathmandu
Dr.
Swar
Deep
Bahadur
Mr.
Thapa
1.
S.
Director
Dr.
Tiwari
Hari
Babu
Upadhyaya
Hari
Krishna
Member
Mr.
Upadhyaya
Range
Lai
Production Chief
Dr.
Yadav
Nawal
Kishore
Regional Director
Dr.
Vadav
Y.
P.
DLSO, Morang
Regional Research Station, Tarahara
Hon.
Dr.
Mr.
Yadav
Chitta
Ranjan
Regional Director
Mr.
Yadav
Pradip
Kumar
Regional Manager
Mr.
Yadav
Sarbjeet
Agronomist
DADO, Sunsari
66
Family
Name
Abdhullah
First
Name
Middle
Name
A.B.M.
Designation
Address
Executive Director
JDPC, Bangladesh
Amatya
Ms.
(Shrestha)
Sabita
Mohini
Technical Officer
Mr.
Aryal
Saroj
P.
Mr.
Basnet
Sunil
Farmer
Gauradha-9, Jhapa
Mr.
Bhandari
Hari
Program Direptor
Mr.
Bista
Chandra
Bahadur
Farmer
Damak, Jhapa
Mr.
Gautam
Hem
Sagar
Mr.
Gautam
Tulasi
Dr.
Ghimire
Mohan
Mr.
Ghimire
Mr.
Ghimire
Mr.
Dr.
Chandra
Management Consultant
Gopi
Prasad
Industry Officer
Tara
Bahadur
Coordinator
Golchha
Rai
Kumar
Director
Guha Roy
T.
K.
Consultant (Technical)
NCJD, Kolkatta
Mr.
Jha
Asheshwar
Joint Secretary
Mr.
Koirala
Balram
Mr.
Kumar
T.
Nanda
Secretary General
IJSG, Dhaka
Mr.
Mehta
Chandra
Dev
Farmer
Sunsari
Mr.
Mishra
Krishna
Kumar
Mr.
Mundara
Prakash
Director
Director General
FNCCI
DADO, Morang
Nepali,
Mr.
Ghimire
Sachet
Mr.
Ojha
Badri
Ms.
Pandey
Nim
Dahal
Acting Chief
NICDEP, DOA
Mr.
Pareek
G.
N.
President
SRJM
Mr.
Pathik
D.
s.
Mr.
Pokhrel
Achut
Mr.
Pradhan
Gautam
Mr.
Rahman
Md.
Mr.
Rajbansi
Badri
Narayan
Farmer
Rangeli-4, Morang
Mr.
Rajbansi
Rajendra
Prasad
Fanner
Tkuwa-2, Morang
Nepal Jute Mills Association, Biratnagar
Bahadur
Executive Director
NARC '
Senior Officer
Prasad
Agronomist
Siddiqur
Consultant Operation
IJSG, Dhaka
Mr.
Rathi
Champa
Lai
Chairman
Mr.
Rathi
Sohan
Lai
EM
Mr.
Rijal
Santosh
Director
Mr.
Sethia
Manoj
Finance Executive
SRJM, Biratnagar
Mr.
Shah
Mahendra
Farmer
Sunsari
Kumar
Shakya
Shankar
Lai
Officer
Mr.
Sharma
Parikshit
Raj
Senior Economist
Dr.
Shrestha
Krishna
Bahadur
Joint Secretary
Mr.
Shrestha
Chandra
Bahadur
Senior Scientist
NARC
Mr.
Shrestha
K.
K.
Managing Director
AICL, Teku
Mr.
Shrestha
Shambu
Lai
Principal Scientist
NARC
Dr.
Swar
Deep
Bahadur
Department o f Agriculture
Dr.
Tiwari
Hari
Babu
Mr.
Upadhyay
Ranga
Lai
Jute Technologist
Mr.
Yadav
c.
R.
Regional Director
Mr.
Yadav
Sartojeet
Agronomist
DADO, Sunsari
67