KWAMENKRUMAHUNIVERSITYOFSCIENCEAND

TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGEOFENGINEERING

FACULTYOFELECRICAL/ELECTRONICANDCOMPUTERENGINEERING

DEPARTMENTOFELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICENGINEERING

LOADTESTOFD.C.SHUNTMOTOR
POWERLAB

NAME:QUANSAH KWEKUESSUMAN
INDEXNUMBER:7493904
YEAR:TWO

20th MARCH,2006

OBJECTIVES
Todeterminetheloadcharacteristicsof d.c.shuntmotor

APPARATUS
1. D.C.shuntmotorcoupledtodynamometer
2. Ammeter1(armaturecurrent)[1470784]
3. Ammeter2(fieldcurrent)[1962161]
4. Voltmeter[1037462]
5. Tachometer
6. Variableresistiveload

RATINGS
Voltage

200V

Current

15A

Speed

1500/2000rpm

Power

3KW

MachineNumber

60R8433

THEORY
Thed.c.shuntmotor(normallyreferredtoasconstantspeedmotor)iswidelyusedfor
loadsthatrequireconstantspeedsbutdonotrequireahighstartingtorque(duetothe
motorslowstartingtorque)suchasfans,machinetools,etc.Speedcontrolishowever
achievedbyvaryingtheconstantfieldcurrentbymeansofafieldrheostat. Thetorqueof
thed.c. shuntmotorincreaseswithincreasingloadanddoesnotdependonspeed.
Theshuntmotorhasanalmostconstantspeedbecausethefieldacrossthemainsgivesan
almostconstantfluxandbackemf.Theloadcharacteristiccurveofashuntmotoris
shownbelowinFig1.

Source:Mr.OpuniOsei,Lecturenotes,EE261

Fig1.LoadCharacteristicsofad.c. shuntmotor

PROCEDURE
1. WeconnectedthecircuitasshowninFigs3and4
2. Thefieldresistanceofthemotorwassettominimumbyus.
3. Weadjustedthespeedofthemotoronnoloadto2000rev/min
4. Wesetthenoloadvoltageoftheseparatelyexcitedgeneratorat200V.
5. Weloadedthemotorinstepsbyincreasingthegeneratorloadinstepsof2Aand
tookreadingsofsupplycurrent,fieldcurrent,armaturecurrent,speedandtorque
ateachstep.
6. Wecontinuedtillthemotorarmaturecurrentwas120%oftheratedvalue(15A)
whichwas18A.

DIAGRAMS

Fig.3.MotorconnectionforLoadTest

Fig4.ConnectionofGenerator

RESULTS
Load

Voltage/V Speed/rpm Torque/lbf Torque/Nm Armature

Current/A

Field

Current/A Current/A

200

2000

3.0

0.37

184

1900

1.2

1.6

4.6

0.34

174

1850

2.2

2.9

6.0

0.34

164

1800

3.2

4.3

7.2

0.34

154

1750

4.1

5.5

8.2

0.34

10

147

1740

5.2

7.0

8.4

0.34

12

142

1700

5.7

7.7

9.4

0.34

14

137

1650

6.3

8.5

10.8

0.34

16

132

1640

6.8

9.2

11.6

0.34

18

127

1620

7.6

10.2

12.6

0.34

20

122

1600

7.9

10.7

13.4

0.34

22

120

1600

8.3

11.2

14.2

0.34

24

115

1550

8.6

11.7

14.9

0.34

26

112

1530

9.0

12.2

15.6

0.34

28

108

1510

9.4

12.7

16.2

0.34

30

105

1500

9.6

13.0

16.8

0.34

32

102

1480

10.0

13.5

17.4

0.34

34

99

1470

10.2

13.8

17.8

0.34

36

97

1450

10.4

14.0

18.1

0.34

Table1.Resultsfromexperiment

CALCULATEDRESULTS
2pNT
Outputpower=
,whereNisspeedinrpm andTistorqueinNm
60

Outputpower =

2 3.142 1900 1.62

= 322.32W
60

Inputpower= IV ,whereI istheloadcurrentinamperesandVisvoltageinvolts

Inputpower=2 184= 368W

Efficiency, h =

h =

outputPowe r
100
inputPower

322.32
100= 87.58%
368

Thesimilarcalculationsweremadefortheotherquantitiesrecordedfromtheexperiment
andareshowninTable2below.
LoadCurrent/A

Outputpower/W

InputPower/W

Efficiency%

322.32

368

87.58

577.32

696

82.95

816.18

984

82.95

1017.09

1232

82.56

10

1283.68

1470

87.32

12

1374.69

1704

80.67

14

1473.87

1918

76.84

16

1582.20

2112

74.91

18

1746.84

2286

76.41

20

1792.80

2440

73.48

22

1884.11

2640

76.59

24

1890.97

2760

68.51

LoadCurrent/A

Outputpower/W

InputPower/W

Efficiency%

26

1953.73

2912

66.98

28

2013.90

3024

66.59

30

2043.10

3150

64.86

32

2098.50

3264

64.29

34

2125.88

3366

63.15

36

2139.47

3492

61.26

Table2.Calculatedresults

OBSERVATIONS
Thedropinspeedfromnoloadtoloadconditionissmallhencethemotorisusually
refereedtoasconstantspeedmotor.

Themotorwasstartedonnoloadsinceaheavyloadwillrequireaheavystartingcurrent.

Thefieldcurrentoftheshuntmotoronloadremainedconstantthroughoutthe
experiment.Itisthisconstantfieldcurrentthatresultsin theconstantspeedofthed.c.
shuntmotor.
Thetorqueincreasedwithincreasingload.

PRECAUTIONS
Thetachometerwasheldatrightangleswhenspeedwasbeingmeasured
Theloadwasnotleftonforlongtoavoidoverheating
Meterreadingsweretakenimmediatelytoavoidoverheatingparallaxwas
avoided.
Thefieldresistanceoftheshuntmotorwassettominimum
Themotorwasstartedonnoload

CONCLUSION
Thetorquedoesnotdependonthespeedofthedcshuntmotorbutratherontheload.
Increaseinloadwillresultinincreaseintorque.

Speedofadcshuntmotorissufficientlyconstantthisbecomesusefulwhenthespeed
hastobemaintainedpracticallyconstantfronoloadtofullloadandwhenvariablespeed
isrequiredbutaparticularspeedwillbeusedforalongtime(inthecaseofalathe).

Theshuntmotorhasalowstartingtorqueandthereforerequireslittlecurrenttostart.

REFERENCES
OpuniOsei,(2005), LecturenotesEE261 ElectricalMachinesII,KNUST,Kumasi,
Ghana.pp181922,31
Theraja,B.I.andTherajaA.J.(2002), ElectricalTechnology.Twentythirdrevised
Edition, Revised by Tarnekar S.G., Khedkar M.K. and Sedha, R.S. (eds). S.
Chand&CompanyLimited,NewDelhi,India.pp935941