Earthworks

Bicol International Airport Development Project
Section VI- Technical Specification
Part C Earthwork
Clearing and Grubbing
ITEM 100 - CLEARING AND GRUBBING

PART 1 GENERAL
1.1
Description
This Section shall consist of clearing, grubbing, removing and disposing all vegetation and debris
as designated in the Contract, except those objects that are designated to remain in place or are
to be removed in consonance with other provisions of this Specification. The work shall also
include the preservation from injury or defacement of all objects designated to remain.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
(Not Applicable)
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1
General
The Engineer will establish the limits of work and designated all trees, shrubs, plants and
other things to remain. The Contractor shall preserve all objects designated to remain. Paint
required for cut or scarred surface of trees or shrubs selected for retention shall be an
approved asphaltum base paint prepared especially for tree surgery.
3.2

All surface objects and all trees, stumps, roots and other protruding obstructions, not
designated to remain, shall be cleared and/or grubbed, including moving as required, except
as provided below:
a.
Removal of undisturbed stumps and roots and nonperishable solid objects with a
minimum of 1 meter below subgrade or slope of embankments will not be required.
b.
In areas outside of the grading limits of cut and embankment, stumps and
nonperishable solid objects shall be cut off not more than 150 mm (6 inches) above
the ground line or low water level.
c.
In areas to be rounded at the top of cut slopes, stumps shall be cut off flush with or
below the surface of the final slope line.
d.
Grubbing of pits, channel changes and ditches will be required only to the depth
necessitated by the proposed excavation within such areas.
Except in areas to be excavated, stump holes and other holes from which obstructions are
removed shall be backfilled with suitable material and compacted to the required density.
3.3
Individual Removal of Trees or Stumps

Individual trees or stumps designated by the Engineer for removal and located in areas other
than those established for clearing and grubbing and roadside cleanup shall be removed and
disposed of as specified under Subsection 3.2 except trees removed shall be cut as nearly
flush with the ground as practicable without removing stumps.
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4.0
Part C Earthwork
METHOD OF MEASUREMENTS
Measurement will be by one or more of the following alternate methods:
1.
Area Basis. The work to be paid for shall be the number of hectare and fractions
thereof acceptably cleared and grubbed within the limit indicated on the Plans or as
may be adjusted in field staking by the Engineer. Areas not within the clearing and
grubbing limits shown on the plans or not staked for clearing and grubbing will not be
measured for payment.
2.
Lump-Sum Basis. When the Bill of Quantities contains a Clearing and Grubbing lumpsum item, no measurement of area will be made for such item.
3.
Individual Unit Basis (Selective Clearing). The diameter of tree will be measured at a
height of 1.4m (54 inches) above the ground. Tree less than 150 mm (6 inches) in
diameter will not be measured for payment.
When Bill of Quantities indicates measurement of trees by individual unit basis, the units will
be designated and measured in accordance with the following schedule of sizes:
5.0
Diameter at height of 1.4 m
Pay Item Designation
Over 150 mm to 900 mm
Small
Over 900 mm
Large
BASIS OF PAYMENT
The accepted quantities, measured as prescribed in Section 100.3, shall be paid for at the
Contract unit price for each of the Pay Items listed below that is included in the Bill of
Quantities, which price and payment shall be full compensation for furnishing all labor,
equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in this Item.
Payment will be made in accordance with the Bill of Quantities.
*****
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Part C - Earthwork
Removal of Structures and Obstructions
SECTION 101 - REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES AND OBSTRUCTIONS

PART 1 GENERAL
1.1
Description
This Section shall consist of the removal, wholly or in part, and satisfactory disposal of any
obstructions which are not designated or permitted to remain, except for the obstruction to be
removed and disposed of under other Items in the Contract. It shall also include the salvaging of
designated materials and backfilling the resulting trenches, holes, and pits.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
(Not Applicable)
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1.
General
The Contractor shall perform the work described above, within and adjacent to the site and the
roadway, as shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer. All designated salvageable
material shall be removed, without unnecessary damage, in sections or pieces which may be
readily transported, and shall be stored by the Contractor at specified places on the project area.
Cavities left by structure removal shall be filled with acceptable materials to the level of the
surrounding ground and, if within the prism of construction, shall be compacted to the required
density.
4.0
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT
When the Contract stipulates that payment will be made for removal of obstructions on lumpsum basis, the pay item will include all structures and obstructions encountered within the
roadway. Where the contract stipulates that payment will be made for the removal of specific
items on a unit basis, measurement will be made by the unit stipulated in the Contract.
Whenever the Bill of Quantities does not contain an item for any aforementioned removals, the
work will not be paid for directly, but will be considered as a subsidiary obligation of the
Contractor under other Contract Items.
5.0
BASIS OF PAYMENT
The accepted quantities, measured as prescribed in Section 101.3 shall be paid for at the
Contract unit price or lump sum price bid for each of the Pay Items listed below that is included in
the Bill of Quantities which price and payment shall be full compensation for removing and
disposing of obstructions, including materials, labor, equipments, tools and incidentals necessary
to complete the work prescribed in this Item. The price shall also include backfilling, salvage of
materials removed, their custody, preservation, storage on the right-of-way and disposal as
provided herein.
*****
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Part C - Earthwork
Excavation
ITEM 102 EXCAVATION

PART 1 GENERAL
1.1
Description
This Section shall consist of roadway and borrow excavation, and the disposal of material in
accordance with this Specification and in conformity with the lines, grades and dimensions
shown on the Plans or established by the Engineer.
1.1.1
Roadway Excavation
Roadway excavation will include excavation and grading for roadways, parking areas,
intersections, approaches, slope rounding, benching, waterways and ditches; removal of
unsuitable material from the roadbed and beneath embankment areas; and excavating selected
material found in the roadway as ordered by the Engineer for specific use in the improvement.
1.1.2
Borrow Excavation
Borrow excavation shall consist of the excavation and utilization of approved material required for
the construction of embankments or for other portions of the work, and shall be obtained from
approved sources.
1.1.3
General Excavation
General Excavation will cover open site excavation and other areas not classified as roadway
and borrow excavation.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
(Not Applicable)
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1
General
When there is evidence of discrepancies on the actual elevations and that shown on the Plans, a
pre-construction survey referred to the datum plane used in the approved Plan shall be
undertaken by the Contractor under the control of the Engineer to serve as basis for the
computation of the actual volume of the excavated materials.
All excavations shall be finished to reasonably smooth and uniform surfaces. No materials shall
be wasted without authority of the Engineer. Excavation operations shall be conducted so that
material outside of the limits of slopes will not be disturbed. Prior to excavation, all necessary
clearing and grubbing in that area shall have been performed in accordance with Section 02000,
"Clearing and Grubbing".
3.2
Conservation of Topsoil
Where provided for on the Plans, suitable topsoil encountered in excavation and on areas where
embankment is to be placed shall be removed to such extent and such depth as the Engineer
may direct. The removed topsoil shall be transported and deposited in storage piles at locations
approved by the Engineer. The topsoil shall be completely removed to the required depth from
any designated area prior to the beginning of regular excavation or embankment work in the
area and shall be kept separate from other excavated materials for later use.
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3.3
Part C - Earthwork
Excavation
Utilization of Excavated Materials

All suitable material removed from the excavation shall be used in the formation of the
embankment, subgrade, shoulders, slopes, bedding, and backfill for structures, and for other
purposes shown on the Plans or as directed.
3.4
Prewatering
Excavation areas and borrow pits may be prewatered before excavating the material. When
prewatering is used, the areas to be excavated shall be moistened to the full depth, from the
surface to the bottom of the excavation. The water shall be controlled so that the excavated
material will contain the proper moisture to permit compaction to the specified density with the
use of standard compacting equipment. Prewatering shall be supplemented where necessary,
truck watering units, to assure that the embankment material contains the proper moisture at the
time of compaction.
4.0
The cost of excavation of material which is incorporated in the Works or in other areas of fill shall
be deemed to be included in the Items of Work where the material is used.
Measurement of Unsuitable or Surplus Material shall be the net volume in its original position.
For measurement purposes, surplus suitable material shall be calculated as the difference
between the net volume of suitable material required to be used in embankment corrected by
applying a shrinkage factor or a swell factor in case of rock excavation, determined by laboratory
tests to get its original volume measurement, and the net volume of suitable material from
excavation in the original position. Separate pay items shall be provided for surplus common,
unclassified and rock material.
The Contractor shall be deemed to have included in the contract unit prices all costs of obtaining
land for the disposal of unsuitable or surplus material.
5.0
BASIS OF PAYMENT
contract unit price for each of the Pay Items listed below that is included in the Bill of Quantities
which price and payment shall be full compensation for the removal and disposal of excavated
materials including all labor, equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to complete the work
prescribed in this Item.
******
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Part C - Earthwork
Structure Excavation
ITEM 103 - STRUCTURE EXCAVATION

PART 1 GENERAL
1.1
Description
This Section shall consist of the necessary excavation for foundations of culverts, and other
structures not otherwise provided for in the Specifications. Except as otherwise provided for pipe
culverts, the backfilling of completed structures and the disposal of all excavated materials, shall
be in accordance with these Specifications and in reasonably close conformity with the Plans or
as established by the Engineer.
This Section shall include necessary diverting of live streams, bailing, pumping, draining,
sheeting, bracing, and the necessary construction of cribs and cofferdams, and furnishing the
materials therefore, and the subsequent removal of cribs and cofferdams and the placing of all
necessary backfill.
It shall also include the furnishing and placing of approved foundation fill materials to replace
unsuitable material encountered below the foundation elevation of structures.
No allowance will be made for classification of different types of material encountered.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
(Not Applicable)
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1
Excavation
a.
General, all structure.

Trenches or foundation pits for structures or structure footing shall be excavated to the
lines and grades or elevations shown on the Plans or as staked by the Engineer. They
shall be of sufficient size to permit the placing of structures or structure footings of the
full width and length shown. The elevations of the bottoms of footings, as shown on the
Plans, shall be considered as approximate only and the Engineer may order, in writing,
such changes in dimensions or elevations of footing as may be deemed necessary, to
secure a satisfactory foundation.
Boulders, logs, and other objectionable materials encountered in excavation shall be
removed.
After each excavation is completed, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer to that effect
and no footing, bedding material or pipe culvert shall be placed until the Engineer has
approved the depth of excavation and the character of the foundation material.
b.
Structures other than pipe culverts. All rock or other hard foundation materials shall be
cleaned of all loose materials, and cut to a firm surface, either level, steeped, or serrated
as directed by the Engineer. All seams or crevices shall be cleaned and grouted. All
loose and disintegrated rocks and thin strata be removed. When the footing is to rest on
material other than rock, excavation to final grade shall not be made until just before the
footing is to be placed. When the foundation material is soft or mucky or otherwise
unsuitable, as determined by the Engineer, the Contractor shall remove the unsuitable
material and backfill with approved granular material. This foundation fill shall be placed
and compacted in adequate layers up to the foundation elevation.
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c.
Part C - Earthwork
Pipe Culverts. The width of the pipe trench shall be sufficient to permit satisfactory
jointing of the pipe and thorough tamping of the bedding material under and around pipe.
Where a firm foundation is not encountered at the grade established, due to soft,
spongy, or other unstable soil, such unstable soil under the pipe and for a width of at
least one diameter on each side of the pipe shall be removed to the depth directed by
the Engineer and replaced with approved granular foundation fill material properly
compacted to provide adequate support for the pipe, unless other special construction
methods are called for on the Plans.
The foundation surface shall provide a firm foundation of uniform density throughout the
length of the culvert and, if directed by the Engineer, shall be cambered in the direction
parallel to the pipe centerline.
Where pipe culverts are to be placed in trenches excavated in embankment, the
excavation of each trench shall be performed after the embankment has been
constructed to a plane parallel to the proposed profile grade and to such height above
the bottom of the pipe as shown on the Plans or directed by the Engineer.
3.2
Utilization of Excavated Materials

All excavated materials, so far as suitable, shall be utilized as backfill or embankment. The
surplus material shall be disposed off in such a manner as not to obstruct the stream or
otherwise impair the efficiency or appearance of the structure. No excavated material shall be
deposited at any time so as to endanger the partly finished structure.
3.3
Cofferdams
Suitable and practically watertight cofferdams shall be used wherever water-bearing strata are
encountered above the elevation of the bottom of the excavation. If requested, the Contractor
shall submit drawings showing his proposed methods of cofferdams construction.
Cofferdams or cribs for foundation construction shall, in general, be carried well below the
bottoms of the footings and shall be well braced and as nearly watertight as practicable. In
general, the interior dimensions of cofferdams shall be such as to give sufficient clearance for
the construction of forms and the inspection of their exteriors, and to permit pumping outside of
the forms. Cofferdams or cribs which are tilted or moved laterally during the process of sinking
shall be righted or enlarged so as to provide the necessary clearance.
When conditions are encountered which, as determined by the Engineer, render it impracticable
to dewater the foundation before placing the footing, the Engineer may require the construction
of a concrete foundation seal of such dimensions as he may consider necessary, and of such
thickness as to resist any possible uplift. The concrete for such seal shall be placed as shown
on the Plans or directed by the Engineer. The foundation shall then be dewatered and the
footing placed. When weighted cribs are employed and the mass is utilized to overcome partially
the hydrostatic pressure acting against the bottom of the foundation seal, special anchorage
such as dowels or keys shall be provided to transfer the entire mass of the crib to the foundation
seal. When a foundation seal is placed under water, the cofferdams shall be vented or ported at
low water level as directed.
Cofferdams shall be constructed so as to protect green concrete against damage from sudden
rising of the stream and to prevent damage to the foundation by erosion. No timber or bracing
shall be left in cofferdams or cribs in such a way as to extend into substructure masonry, without
written permission from the Engineer.
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Part C - Earthwork
Any pumping that may be permitted from the interior of any foundation enclosure shall be done in
such a manner as to preclude the possibility of any portion of the concrete materials being
carried away. Any pumping required during the placing of concrete, or for a period of at least 24
hours thereafter, shall be done from a suitable sump located outside the concrete forms.
Pumping to dewater a sealed cofferdam shall not commence until the seal has set sufficiency to
withstand the hydrostatic pressure.
Unless otherwise provided, cofferdams or cribs, with all sheeting and bracing involved therewith,
shall be removed by the Contractor after the completion of the substructure. Removal shall be
effected in such manner as not to disturb or mar finished masonry.
3.4
Backfill and Embankment for Structures Other than Pipe Culverts

Excavated areas around structures shall be backfilled with free draining granular material
approved by the Engineer and placed in horizontal layers not over 150 mm (6 inches) in
thickness, to the level of the original ground surface. Each layer shall be moistened or dried as
required and thoroughly compacted with mechanical tampers.
In placing backfills or embankment, the material shall be placed simultaneously insofar as
possible to approximately the same elevation on both sides of an abutment, pier or wall.
Backfill or embankment shall not be placed behind the walls of concrete culverts or abutments or
rigid frame structures until the top slab is placed and cured. Backfill and embankment behind
abutment held at the top by the superstructure, and behind sidewalls of culverts, shall be carried
up simultaneously behind opposite abutments or sidewalls.
3.5
Bedding, Backfill and Embankment for Pipe Culverts

Bedding, backfill, and embankment for pipe culverts shall be done in accordance with Section
02420, "Reinforced Concrete Canal/CHB Canal, Pipe Culverts and Storm Drains".
4.0
The quantity of structural steel, structural concrete, reinforcing steel or other Contract Pay Items
shall constitute the completed and accepted structure which shall be measured for payment in
the manner prescribed in the several items involved.
5.0
BASIS OF PAYMENT
The quantities measured as provided in Section 407.4. Method of Measurement shall be paid for
at the contract price for the several pay items which price and payment shall be full
compensation for furnishing, preparing, fabricating, placing, curing and for all labor, equipment,
tools and incidentals necessary to complete the Item. Such payment shall constitute full payment
for the completed structure ready for use.
*****
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Part C - Earthwork
Embankment
ITEM 104 - EMBANKMENT

PART 1 GENERAL
1.1
Description
This Section shall consist of the construction of embankment in accordance with this
Specification and in conformity with the lines, grades, and dimensions shown on Plans or
established by the Engineer.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
Embankment shall be constructed of suitable materials, in consonance with the following
definitions:
2.1
Suitable Material
Material which is acceptable in accordance with the Contract and which can be compacted in
the manner specified in this Item. It can be common material or rock.
Selected Borrow, for topping - soil with such gradation that all particles will pass a sieve with
75 mm (3 inches) square openings and not more than 15 mass percent will pass the 0.075
mm (No. 200) sieve, as determined by AASHTO T 11. The material shall have a plasticity
index of not more than 6 as determined by AASHTO T 90 and a liquid limit of not more than
30 as determined by AASHTO T 89.
2.2
Unsuitable Materials
Material other than suitable material such as:
a.
Materials containing detrimental quantities of

and sewage.
organic materials, such as grass, roots
b.
Highly organic soils such as peat and muck.
c.
Clay with liquid limit exceeding 80 and/or plasticity index exceeding 55.
d.
Soils with a natural water content exceeding 100%.
e.
Soils with very low natural density, 800 kg/m or lower.
f.
Soils that can not be properly compacted as determined by the Engineer.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1
General
Embankment construction shall consist of constructing site and roadway embankments,
including preparation of the areas upon which they are to be placed; the construction of dikes
within or adjacent to the roadway; the placing and compacting of approved material where
unsuitable material has been removed; and the placing and compacting of embankment material
in holes, pits, and other depressions.
Embankments and backfills shall contain no muck, peat, sod, roots or other deleterious matter.
Rocks, broken concrete or other solid, bulky materials shall not be placed in embankment areas
where piling is to be placed or driven.
Where provided on the Plans and Bill of Quantities the top portions of the roadbed in both cuts
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Part C - Earthwork
Embankment
and embankments, as indicated, shall consist of selected borrow for topping from excavations.
3.2
Methods of Construction
When there is evidence of discrepancies on the actual elevations and that shown on the Plans, a
preconstruction survey referred to the datum plane used in the approved Plan shall be
undertaken by the Contractor under the control of the Engineer to serve as basis for the
computation of the actual volume of the embankment materials.
When new embankment is to be constructed against existing embankments, or when
embankment is built one-half width at a time, the existing slopes that are steeper than 3:1 when
measured at right angles to the roadway shall be continuously benched over those areas as the
work is brought up in layers. Benching will be subject to the Engineer's approval and shall be of
sufficient width to permit operation of placement and compaction equipment. Each horizontal cut
shall begin at the intersection of the original ground and the vertical sides of the previous cuts.
Material thus excavated shall be placed and compacted along with the embankment material in
accordance with the procedure described in this Section.
Unless shown otherwise on the Plans, where an embankment of less than 1.2 m (4 feet) below
subgrade is to be made, all sod and vegetable matter shall be removed from the surface upon
which the embankment is to be placed, and the cleared surface shall be completely broken up by
plowing, scarifying, or stepping to a minimum depth of 150 mm except as provided in Section
02020, Subsection 3.2, "Conservation of Topsoil". This area shall then be compacted as
provided in Subsection 3.3 of this Section. Sod not required to be removed shall be thoroughly
disc harrowed or scarified before construction of embankment. Whenever a compacted road
surface containing granular materials lies within 900 mm (36 inches) of the subgrade, such old
road surface shall be scarified to a depth of at least 150 mm (6 inches) whenever directed by the
Engineer. This scarified material shall then be compacted as provided in Subsection 3.3 of this
Section.
When shoulder excavation is specified, the roadway shoulders shall be excavated to the depth
and width shown on the Plans. The shoulder material shall be removed without disturbing the
adjacent existing base course material, and all excess excavated materials shall be disposed of
as provided in Subsection 3.3 of Section 02020. If necessary, the areas shall be compacted
before being backfilled.
Roadway embankment in earth material shall be placed in horizontal layers not exceeding 200
mm (8 inches), loose measurement, and shall be compacted as specified before the next layer is
placed. Effective spreading equipment shall be used on each lift to obtain uniform thickness
prior to compacting. As the compaction of each layer progresses, continuous leveling and
manipulating will be required to assure uniform density. Water shall be added or removed, if
necessary, in order to obtain the required density. Removal of water shall be accomplished
through aeration by plowing, blading, discing, or other methods satisfactory to the Engineer.
Where embankment is to be constructed across low swampy ground that will not support the
mass of trucks or other hauling equipment, the lower part of the fill may be constructed by
dumping successive loads in a uniformly distributed layer of a thickness not greater than
necessary to support the hauling equipment while placing subsequent layers.
When excavated material contains more than 25 mass percent of rock larger than 150 mm in
greatest diameter and cannot be placed in layers of the thickness prescribed without crushing,
pulverizing or further breaking down the pieces resulting from excavation methods, such
materials may be placed on the embankment in layers not exceeding in thickness the
approximate average size of the larger rocks, but not greater than 600 mm (24 inches).
Each layer shall be leveled and smoothed with suitable leveling equipment and by distribution of
spalls and finer fragments of earth. Lifts of material containing more than 25 mass percent of
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Part C - Earthwork
Embankment
rock larger than 150 mm in greatest dimension shall not be constructed above an elevation 300
mm (12 inches) below the finished subgrade. The balance of the embankment shall be
composed of suitable material smoothed and placed in layers not exceeding 200 mm (8 inches)
in loose thickness and compacted as specified for embankments.
Dumping and rolling areas shall be kept separate, and no lifts shall be covered by another until
compaction complies with the requirements of Subsection 3.3 of this Section.
Hauling and leveling equipment shall be so routed and distributed over each layer of the fill in
such a manner as to make use of compaction effort afforded thereby and to minimize rutting and
uneven compaction.
3.3
Compaction
3.3.1
Compaction Trials
Before commencing the formation of embankments, the Contractor shall submit in writing to the
Engineer for approval his proposals for the compaction of each type of fill material to be used in
the Works. The proposals shall include the relationship between the types of compaction
equipment, and the number of passes required and the method of adjusting moisture content.
The Contractor shall carry out full scale compaction trials on areas not less than 6 m wide and 30
m long as required by the Engineer and using his proposed procedures or such amendments
thereto as may be found necessary to satisfy the Engineer that all the specified requirements
regarding compaction can be consistently achieved. Compaction trials with the main types of fill
material to be used in the Works shall be completed before work with the corresponding
materials will be allowed to commence.
Throughout the periods when compaction of earthwork is in progress, the Contractor shall
adhere to the compaction procedures found from compaction trials for each type of material
being
compacted, each type of compaction equipment employed and each degree of
compaction specified.
3.3.2
Earth
The compaction requirement for the subgrade and fill materials shall be in accordance with the
provisions specified under Civil Works Drawing No. CW-001.
Acceptance of compaction may be based on adherence to an approved roller pattern developed
as set forth in Section 02060, "Compaction Equipment and Density Control Strips".
3.4
Protection of Roadbed Construction

During the construction of the roadway, the roadbed shall be maintained in such condition that it
will be well drained at all times. Side ditches or gutters emptying from cuts to embankments or
otherwise shall be so constructed as to avoid damage to embankment by erosion and saturation
of water.
3.5
Protection of Structures
If embankment can be deposited on one side only of culvert headwalls, care shall be taken that
the area immediately adjacent to the structure is not compacted to the extent that it will cause
overturning of, or excessive pressure against the structure. When embankment is to be placed
on both sides of a concrete wall or box type structure, operations shall be so conducted that the
embankment is always at approximately the same elevation on both sides of the structure.
3.6
Rounding and Warping Slopes

Rounding - Except in solid rock, the top and bottom of all slopes, including the slopes of drainage
ditches, shall be rounded as indicated on the Plans. A layer of earth overlaying rock shall be
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Part C - Earthwork
Embankment
rounded above the rock as done in earth slopes.

Warping - Adjustments in slopes shall be made to avoid injury in standing trees or marring of
weathered rock, or to harmonize with existing landscape features, and the transition to such
adjusted slopes shall be gradual. At intersections of cuts and fills, slopes shall be adjusted and
warped to flow into each other or into the natural ground surfaces without noticeable break.
3.7
Finishing Roadbed and Slopes

After the roadbed has been substantially completed, the full width shall be conditioned by
removing any soft or other unstable material that will not compact properly or serve the intended
purpose. The resulting areas and all sections, holes or depressions shall be brought to grade
with suitable selected material. Scarifying, blading, dragging, rolling, or other methods of works
shall be performed or used as necessary to provide thoroughly compacted roadbed shaped to
the grades and cross-sections shown on the Plans or as staked by the Engineer.
All earth slopes shall be left with roughened surfaces but shall be reasonably uniform, without
any noticeable break, and in reasonably close conformity with the Plans or other surfaces
indicated on the Plans or as staked by the Engineer, with no variations there from readily
discernible as viewed from the road.
4.0
The quantity of embankment to be paid for shall be the volume of material compacted in place,
accepted by the Engineer and formed with material obtained from any source.
Material from excavation per Item 102 which is used in embankment and accepted by the
Engineer will be paid under Embankment and such payment will be deemed to include the cost
of excavating, hauling, stockpiling and all other costs incidental to the work.
Material for Selected Borrow topping will be measured and paid for under the same conditions
specified in the preceding paragraph.
5.0
BASIS OF PAYMENT
Contract unit price for each of the Pay Items listed below that is included in the Bill of Quantities.
The payment shall constitute full compensation for placing and compacting all materials including
all labor, equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in this
Item.
*****
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Part C - Earthwork
Subgrade Preparation
ITEM 105 - SUBGRADE PREPARATION

PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description
This Section shall consist of the preparation of the subgrade for the support of overlying
structural layers. It shall extend to full width of the roadway. Unless authorized by the Engineer,
subgrade preparation shall not be done unless the Contractor is able to start immediately the
construction of the pavement structure.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1
MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
Unless otherwise stated in the Contract and except when the subgrade is in rock cut, all
materials below subgrade level to a depth 150 mm or to such greater depth as may be
specified shall meet the requirements of Section 02040, Subsection 2.1, Selected Borrow for
Topping.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1
Prior Works
Prior to commencing preparation of the subgrade, all culverts, cross drains, ducts and the like
(including their fully compacted backfill), ditches, drains and drainage outlets shall be completed.
Any work on the preparation of the subgrade shall not be started unless prior work herein
described shall have been approved by the Engineer.
3.2
Subgrade in Common Excavation

Unless otherwise specified, all materials below subgrade level in earth cuts to a depth 150 mm
or other shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer shall be excavated. The material, if
suitable, shall be set aside for future use.
Where material has been removed from below subgrade level, the resulting surface shall be
compacted to a depth of 150 mm and in accordance with the other requirements of Subsection
3.3 of Section 02040.
All materials immediately below subgrade level in earth cuts to a depth of 150 mm, or to such
greater depth as may be specified, shall be compacted in accordance with the requirements of
Subsection 3.3 of Section 02040.
3.3
Subgrade on Embankment
After the embankment has been completed, the full width shall be conditioned by removing any
soft or other unsuitable material that will not compact properly. The resulting areas and all other
low sections, holes, or depressions shall be brought to grade with suitable material. The entire
shall then be shaped and compacted to the requirements of Subsection 3.3 of Section 02040.
Scarifying, blading, dragging, rolling or other methods of work shall be performed or used as
necessary to provide a thoroughly compacted roadbed shaped to the cross-section on the Plans.
3.4
Protection of Completed Work

The Contractor shall be required to protect and maintain at his own expense the entire work
within the limits of his Contract in good condition satisfactory to the Engineer from the time he
first started work until all work shall have been completed. Maintenance shall include repairing
1 of 2

Part C - Earthwork
Subgrade Preparation
and recompacting ruts, soft spots and deteriorated sections of the subgrade caused by the traffic
of the Contractor's vehicle/equipment or that of the public.
4.0
Method of Measurement
4.1
Measurement of Items for payment shall be provided only for:

1. The compaction of existing ground below subgrade level in cuts of common material as
specified in Subsection 105.3.3.
2. The breaking up or scarifying, loosening, reshaping and recompacting of existing
pavement as specified in Subsection 105.3.6. The quantity to be paid for shall be the
area of the work specified to be carried out and accepted by the Engineer.
4.2
Payment for all work for the preparation of the subgrade, including shaping to the required
levels and tolerances, other than as specified above shall be deemed to be included in the Pay
Item for Embankment.
5.0
Basis of Payment
The accepted quantities, measured as prescribed in Section 105.4 shall be paid for at the
appropriate contract unit price for Pay Item listed below that is included in the Bill of Quantities
which price and payment shall be full compensation for the placing or removal and disposal of
all materials including all labor, equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to complete the
work prescribed in this Item.
*****
2 of 2

Part C - Earthwork
Compaction Equipment and Density Control Strips
ITEM 106 - COMPACTION EQUIPMENT AND DENSITY CONTROL STRIPS

PART 1 GENERAL
1.1
Description
When specified, this procedure will be used to determine density requirements of selected
embankments, subgrade, bases, and bituminous concrete. The procedure will consist of control
strip construction to establish target densities for the specified course plus use of sand-cone
method of density testing equipment to determine in place densities obtained during the
construction process.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
(Not Applicable)
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1
Compaction Equipment
Compaction equipment shall be capable of obtaining compaction requirements without
detrimentally affecting the compacted material. The equipment shall be modern, efficient
compacting units approved by the Engineer. The compacting units may be of any type, provided
they are capable of compacting each lift of material as specified and meet the minimum
requirements as contained herein. Minimum requirements for rollers are as follows:
3.2
a.
Sheepsfoot, tamping or grid rollers shall be capable of exerting a force of 45 Newton per
millimeter (250 pounds per inch) of length of roller drum.
b.
Steel-wheel rollers other than vibratory shall be capable of exerting a force of not less
than 45 Newton per millimeter of width of the compression roll or rolls.
c.
Vibratory steel-wheel rollers shall have a minimum mass of 6 tonnes. The compactor
shall be equipped with amplitude and frequency controls and specifically designed to
compact the material on which it is used.
d.
Pneumatic-tire rollers shall have smooth tread of equal size that will provide a uniform
compacting pressure for the full width of the roller and capable of exerting a ground
pressure of at least 550 kPa (80 pounds per square inch).
e.
Heavier compacting units may be required to achieve the specified density of the
embankment.
Construction of Control Strips and Determination of Target Density

To determine target density, a control strip shall be compacted at the beginning of work on each
course of material to be compacted. Each control strip, constructed to acceptable density and
surface tolerances shall remain in place and become a section of the completed roadway.
Unacceptable control strip shall be corrected or removed and replaced at the Contractor's
expense. A control strip shall have an area of approximately 335 square meters and shall be of
the same depth specified for the construction of the course which it represents.
The materials used in the construction of the control strip shall conform to the specification
requirements. They shall be furnished from the same source and shall be on the same type to
be used in the remainder of the course represented by the control strip. The underlying grade or
1 of 2

Part C - Earthwork
Compaction Equipment and Density Control Strips
pavement structure upon which a control strip is to be constructed shall have the prior approval
of the Engineer.
The equipment used in the construction of the control strip shall be approved by the Engineer
and shall be of the same type and mass to be used on the remainder of the course represented
by the control strip.
Compaction of controls strips shall commence immediately after the course has been placed to
the specified thickness, and shall be continuous and uniform over the entire surface.
Compaction of the control strip shall be continued until no discernible increase in density can be
obtained by additional compactive effort.
Upon completion of the compaction, the mean density of the control strip will be determined by
averaging the results of ten in place density tests taken at randomly selected sites within the
control strip. The mean density of the control strip shall be the target density for the remainder of
the course which it represents.
If the mean density of the control strip is less than 98 percent of the density of laboratory
compacted specimens as determined by testing procedures appropriate for the material being
placed, the Engineer may order the construction of another control strip.
A new control strip may also be ordered by the Engineer or requested by the Contractor when:
4.0
a.
A change in the material or job-mix formula is made.
b.
Ten days of production have been accepted without construction of a new control strip.
c.
There is reason to believe that a control strip density is not representative of the material
being placed.
No measurement for payment will be made for this item.
5.0
BASIS OF PAYMENT
Unless otherwise provided, the cost of constructing the control strip will be considered incidental
to the cost of the work item for which a control strip is required. Payment for the work item shall
be deemed to include compensation for performing the work therein specified and the furnishing
of all materials, labors, tools, equipment and incidentals necessary to construct the density
control strip. No payment will be made for any material used in the construction of unacceptable
control strip.
*****
2 of 2
PART F- BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION

Part F- Bridge Construction

Reinforcing Steel
ITEM 404 - REINFORCING STEEL

PART 1 GENERAL
1.1
Description
This Section shall consist of furnishing, bending, fabricating and placing of steel reinforcement of
the type, size, shape and grade required in accordance with this Specification and in conformity
with the requirements shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1
Material Requirements
a.
Reinforcing steel shall be conform to the requirement of AASHTO M31 (ASTM A 615)
and AASHTO M42.
b.
Welded Wire Fabric for concrete walks shall conform to Section AASHTO M 55
(ASTM A 185), wire sizes and spacing as shown on the drawings.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1
Order Lists
Before materials are ordered, all order lists and bending diagrams shall be furnished by the
Contractor, for approval of the Engineer. The approval of order lists and bending by the
Engineer shall in no way relieve the Contractor of responsibility for the correctness of such lists
and diagrams. Any expense incident to the revisions to make them furnished in accordance with
such lists and diagrams to make them comply with the Plans shall be borne by the Contractor.
3.2
Protection of Material
Steel reinforcement shall be stored above the surface of the ground upon platforms, skids, or
other supports and shall be protected as far as practicable from mechanical injury and surface
deterioration caused by exposure to conditions producing rust. When placed in the work,
reinforcement shall be free from dirt, detrimental rust, loose scale, paint, grease, oil, or other
foreign materials. Reinforcement shall be free form injurious defects such as cracks and
laminations. Rust, surface seams, surface irregularities or mill scale will not be cause for
rejection, provided the minimum dimensions, cross-sectional area and tensile properties of a
hand wire brushed specimen meets the physical requirements for the size and grade of steel
specified.
3.3
Bending
All reinforcing bars requiring bending shall be cold-bent to the shapes shown on the Plans or
required by the Engineer. Bars shall be bent around a circular pin having the following diameters
(D) in relation to the diameter of the bar (d):
Nominal diameter
d, mm
10 to 20
25 to 28
32 and greater
Pin (D)
6d
8d
10d
Bends and hooks in stirrups or ties may be bent to the diameter in the principal bar enclosed
therein.
1 of 3

3.4

Reinforcing Steel
Placing and Fastening

All steel reinforcement shall be accurately placed in the position shown on the Plans or required
by the Engineer and firmly held there during the placing and setting of the concrete. Bars shall
be tied at all intersections except where spacing is less than 300 mm in each direction, in which
case, alternate intersections shall be tied. Ties shall be fastened on the inside.
Distance from the forms shall be maintained by means of stays, blocks, ties, hangers, or other
approved supports, so that it does not vary from the position indicated on the Plans by more than
6 mm. Blocks for holding reinforcement from contact with the forms shall be precast mortar
blocks of approved shapes and dimensions. Layers of bars shall be separated by precast
mortar blocks or by other equally suitable devices. The use of pebbles, pieces of broken stone
or brick, metal pipe and wooden blocks shall not be permitted. Unless otherwise shown on the
Plans or required by the Engineer, the minimum distance between bars shall be 40 mm.
Reinforcement in any member shall be placed and concrete begins. Concrete placed in violation
of this provision may be rejected and removal may be required. If fabric reinforcement is
shipped in rolls, it shall be straightened before being placed. Bundled bars shall be tied together
at not more than 1.8 m intervals.
3.5
Splicing
All reinforcement shall be furnished in the full lengths indicated on the Plans. Splicing of bars,
except where shown on the Plans, will not be permitted without the written approval of the
Engineer. Splices shall be staggered as far as possible and with a minimum separation of not
less than 40 bar diameter. Not more than one-third of the bars may be spliced in the same
cross- section, except where shown on the Plans.
Unless otherwise shown on the Plans, bars shall be lapped a minimum distance of:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Splice Type Grade 40
Grade 60 But not less than
min. lap
min. lap
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Tension
24 bar dia
36 bar dia
300 mm
Compression 20 bar dia
24 bar dia
300 mm
--------------------------------------------------------------------------In lapped splices, the bars shall be placed in contact and wired together. Lapped splices will not
be permitted at locations where the concrete sections is sufficient to provide minimum clear
distance of one and one-third the maximum size of aggregate between the splice and the
nearest adjacent bar. Welding of reinforcing steel shall be done only if detailed on the Plans or if
authorized by the Engineer in writing. Spiral reinforcement shall be spliced by lapping at least
one and a half turns or by butt welding otherwise shown on the Plans.
3.6
Lapping of Bar Mat

Sheets of mesh or bar mat reinforcement shall overlap each other sufficiently to maintain a
uniform strength and shall be securely fastened at the ends and edges. The overlap shall not be
less than one mesh in width.
3.7
The quantity of reinforcing steel to be paid for will be the final quantity placed and accepted in the
completed structure.
No allowance will be made for tie-wires, separators, wire chairs and other material used in
fastening the reinforcing steel in place. If bars are substituted upon the Contractor's request and
approved by the Engineer and as a result thereof more steel is used than specified, only the
2 of 3


Reinforcing Steel
mass specified shall be measured for payment.

No measurement or payment will be made for splices added by the Contractor unless directed or
approved by the Engineer.
When there is no item for reinforcing steel in the Bill of Quantities, costs will be considered as
incidental to the other items in the Bill of Quantities
3.8
Basis of Payment
*****
3 of 3

Section VI- Technical Specifications

Structural Concrete
ITEM 405 - STRUCTURAL CONCRETE

PART 1 GENERAL
1.1
Scope
This Section shall consist of furnishing, placing and finishing concrete in all structures in
accordance with this specification and conforming to the lines, grades, and dimensions shown on
the Plans. Concrete shall consist of a mixture of Portland cement, fine aggregate, coarse
aggregate, admixtures when specified, and water mixed in the proportions specified or approved
by the Engineer.
1.2
Classes and Uses of Concrete

Five classes of concrete are provided for in this Section, namely: A, B, C, P and Seal. Each
class shall be used in that part of the structure as called for on the Plans.
The classes of concrete will generally be used as follows:
Class A - All superstructures and heavily reinforced substructures. The important parts of the
structure included are slabs, columns, reinforced abutments, retaining walls, manhole,
headwall/wingwall, and reinforced footings.
Class B - Footings, pedestals, pipe bedding and gravity walls, unreinforced or with only a small
amount of reinforcement.
Class C - Thin reinforced sections, railings, and for filler in steel grid members.
Class P - Prestressed deposited structures and members.
Seal - Concrete deposited in water.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1
Portland Cement
It shall conform to the applicable requirements of AASHTO M85 (ASTM C 150). Only Type I
Portland Cement shall be used unless otherwise specified or approved by the Engineer. Different
brands or the same brands from different mills shall not be mixed nor shall they be used
alternately unless the mix is approved by the Engineer.
Cement which for any reason, has become partially set or which contains lumps of caked
cement will be rejected. Cement salvaged from discarded or used bags shall not be used.
Samples of cement shall be obtained in accordance with AASHTO T 1217.
2.2
Fine Aggregates
It shall be of natural sand, stone screenings or other inert materials with similar characteristics, or
combination thereof, having hard, strong and durable particles approved by the Engineer. Fine
aggregate from different sources of supply shall not be mixed or stored in the same pile nor used
alternately in the same class of concrete without the approval of the Engineer.
It shall not contain more than three (3) mass percent of material passing the 0.075 mm (No. 200
sieve) by washing nor more than one (1) mass percent each of clay lumps or shale. The use of
beach sand will not be allowed without the approval of the Engineer.
1 of 8


Structural Concrete
If the fine aggregate is subjected to five (5) cycles of the sodium sulfate soundness test, the
weighted loss shall not exceed 10 mass percent.
The fine aggregate shall be free from injurious amounts of organic impurities. If subjected to the
colorimetric test for organic impurities, a color darker than the standard is produced, it shall be
rejected. However, when tested for the effect of organic impurities of strength of mortar by
AASHTO T 71, the fine aggregate may be used if the relative strength at 7 and 28 days is not
less than 95 mass percent.
The fine aggregate shall be well-graded from coarse to fine and shall conform to Table 405.1.
Table 405.1 - Grading Requirements for Fine Aggregates.
Sieve Designation
Mass Percent Passing
9.5 mm (3/8 in)

4.75 mm (No, 4)
1.18 mm (No.16)
0.300 mm (No.50)
0.150 mm (No.100)
2.3
100
95-100
45-80
5-30
0-10
Coarse Aggregates
It shall consist of crushed stone, gravel, blast furnace slag, or other approved inert materials of
similar characteristics, or combinations thereof, having hard, strong, durable pieces and free
from any adherent coatings.
It shall contain not more than one (1) mass percent of material passing the 0.075 mm (No.200)
sieve, not more than 0.25 mass percent of clay lumps, nor more than 3.5 mass percent of soft
fragments.
If the coarse aggregate is subjected to five (5) cycles of the sodium sulfate soundness test, the
weighted loss shall not exceed 12 mass percent.
It shall have a mass percent of wear not exceeding 40 when tested by AASHTO T 96.
If slag is used, its density shall not be less than 1120 kg/m 3 (970 lb/cu. ft.). The gradation of the
aggregate shall conform to Table 405.2.
Only one grading specification shall be used from any one source.
Table 405.2 - Grading Requirements for Coarse Aggregate
Sieve Designation
Mass Percent Passing for
Standard
mm
Alternate
US Standard
Class
A
Class
B
Class
C
Class
P
Class
Seal
63
50
37.5
25
19.0
12.5
9.5
4.75
2 1/2"
2"
1 1/2"
1"
"
"
3/8"
No. 4
100
95-100
35-70
10-30
0-5
100
95-100
35-70
10-30
0-5
100
95-100
25-60
0-10*
100
90-100
20-55
0-10*
100
90-100
40-70
0-15*
The measured cement content shall be within plus (+) or minus (-) 2 mass percent of the
2 of 8


Structural Concrete
design cement content.

2.4
Water
Water used in mixing, curing or other designated applications shall be reasonably clean and free
of oil, salt, grass or other substances injurious to the finished product. Water which is drinkable
may be used without test. Where the source of water is shallow, the intake shall be so enclosed
as to exclude silt, mud, grass or other foreign materials.
2.5
Reinforcing Steel
It shall conform to the requirements of Item 405. Dowel and tie bars shall conform to the
requirements of AASHTO T 31 or M 42, except that rail steel shall not be used for tie bars that
are to be bent and restraightened during construction. Tie bars shall be deformed bars. Dowels
shall be plain round bars. Before delivery to the Site, one half of the length of each dowel shall
be painted with one coat of approved lead or tar paint.
The sleeves of dowels shall be metal of approved design to cover 50 mm (2 inches). plus or
minus 5 mm (1/4 inch) of the dowel, with a closed end, and with a suitable stop to hold the end of
the sleeve at least 25 mm (1 inch) from the end of the dowel. Sleeves shall be of such design
that they do not collapse during construction.
2.6
Admixtures
Air-entraining admixtures shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO T 154.
Chemical admixtures, if specified or permitted, shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO T
194.
2.7
Curing Concrete
Burlap cloth shall conform to the requirements set forth in AASHTO M 182. Sheet materials for
curing concrete shall conform to the requirements set forth in AASHTO M 171.
Membrane curing shall consist of sealing the pavement surface with a uniform application of
non-bituminous pigmented liquid compound conforming to the requirements of AASHTO M148.
2.8
Expansion Joint Materials

Expansion joint materials shall be:
2.9
a.
Preformed Sponge Rubber and Cork, conforming to AASHTO M 153.
b.
Hot Poured Elastic Type, conforming to AASHTO M 173.
c.
Preformed Fillers, conforming to AASHTO M 213.
Elastomeric Compression Joint Seals

These shall conform to AASHTO M 220.
2.10
Elastomeric Bearing Pads

These shall conform to AASHTO M 251.
3 of 8

2.11

Structural Concrete
Storage of Cement and Aggregates

All cement shall be stored, immediately upon delivery at the Site, in weatherproof building which
will protect the cement from dampness. The floor shall be raised from the ground. The
buildings shall be placed in locations approved by the Engineer. Provisions for storage shall be
ample, and the shipments of cement as received shall be separately stored in such a manner as
to allow the earliest deliveries to be used first and to provide easy access for identification and
inspection of each shipment. Storage buildings shall have sampling at least twelve (12) days
before the cement is to be used. Bulk cement, if used, shall be transferred to elevated air tight
and weatherproof bins. Stored cement shall meet the test requirements at any time after
shortage when retest is ordered by the Engineer. At the times of use, all cement shall be
free-flowing and free of lumps.
The handling and storing of concrete aggregates shall be such as to prevent segregation or the
inclusion of foreign materials. The Engineer may require that aggregates be stored on separate
platforms at satisfactory locations.
In order to secure greater uniformity of concrete mix, the Engineer may require that the coarse
aggregate be separated into two or more sizes. Different sizes of aggregates shall be stored in
separate bins or in separate stock piles sufficiently remote from each other to prevent the
material at the edges of the piles from becoming intermixed.
2.12
Sampling an Testing of Structural Concrete

As work progresses, at least one (1) sample consisting of three (3) concrete cylinder test
specimens, 150 x 300 mm (6 x 12 inches), shall be taken from each seventy five (75) cubic
meters of each class of concrete or fraction thereof placed each day.
Compliance with the requirements of this Section shall be determined in accordance with the
following standard methods of AASHTO:
Sampling of fresh concrete
T 141
Weight per cubic meter and

air content (gravimetric)
of concrete
T 121
Sieve analysis of fine and

coarse aggregates
T 27
Slump of Portland cement

concrete
T 119
Specific gravity and absorption

of fine aggregate
T 84
Tests for strength shall be made in accordance with the following:

Making and curing concrete
compressive and flexural tests
specimens in the field
T 23
Compressive strength of molded

concrete cylinders
T 22
4 of 8


Structural Concrete
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1
Proportioning and Strength of Structural Concrete

The concrete materials shall be proportioned in accordance with the requirements for each class
of concrete as specified in Table 405.3, using the absolute volume method as outlined in the
American Concrete Institute (ACI) Standard 211.1, "Recommended Practice for Selecting
Proportions for Normal and Heavyweight Concrete". Other methods of proportioning may be
employed in the mix design with prior approval of the Engineer.
The mix shall either be
designed or approved by the Engineer. A change in the source of materials during the progress
of work may necessitate a new mix design.
The strength requirements for each class of concrete shall be as specified in Table 405.3.
Table 405.3 Composition and Strength of Concrete for use in Structures.
Classes
of
Concrete
Minimum
Cement
Content
per m3
Maximum
Water/
Cement
Ratio
Consistency
Range in
Slump
kg
(bag**)
kg/kg
mm (inch)
360
(9 bags)
0.53
50-100
(2-4)
320
(8 bags)
0.58
50-100
(2-4)
380
(9.5 bags)
0.55
50-100
(2-4)
440
(11 bags)
0.49
100 max.
(4 max.)
Seal
380
(9.5 bags)
0.58
100-200
(4-8)
Designated
Size of
Coarse
Aggregate
Minimum
Compressiv
e Strength of
150x
Square
Opening Std.
mm
300 mm
concrete
cylinder
specimen at
28 days,
MN/m2(psi)
37.5-4.75
(1 1/2"-No. 4)
50-4.75
(2"-No.4)
20.7
(3000)
12.5-4.75
(1/2"-No.4)
19.0-4.75
(3/4"-No.4)
25-4.75
(1"-No.4)
16.5
(2400)
20.7
(3000)
37.7
(5000)
20.7
(3000)
** Based on 40kg/bag
3.2
Consistency
Concrete shall have a consistency such that it will be workable in the required position. It shall
be of a consistency that it will flow around reinforcing steel but individual particles of the
coarse aggregate when isolated shall show on coating of mortar containing its proportionate
amount of sand. The consistency of concrete shall be gauged by the ability of the requirement
to properly place it and not by the difficulty in mixing and transporting. The quantity of mixing
water shall be determined by the Engineer and shall not be varied without his consent.
Concrete as dry as it is practical to place with the equipment specified shall be used.
5 of 8

3.3

Structural Concrete
Batching
Measuring and batching of materials shall be done at a batching plant.
a.
Portland Cement
Either sacked or bulk cement may be used. No fraction of a sack of cement shall be
used in a batch of concrete unless the cement is weighed.
All bulk cement shall be weighed on an approved weighing device. The bulk cement
weighing hopper shall be properly sealed and vented to preclude dusting operation.
The discharge chute shall not be suspended from the weighing hopper and shall be
so arranged that cement will neither be lodged in it nor leak from it.
Accuracy of batching shall be within plus (+) or minus (-) 1 mass percent.
b.
Water
Water may be measured either by volume or by weight. The accuracy of measuring
the water shall be within a range of error of not more than 1 percent.
c.
Aggregates
All aggregates whether produced or handled by hydraulic methods or washed shall be
stockpiled or binned for draining for at least 12 hours prior to batching. Rail shipment
requiring more than 12 hours will be accepted as adequate binning only if the car
bodies permit free drainage. If the aggregates contain high or non-uniform moisture
content, storage or stockpile period in excess of 12 hours may be required by the
Engineer.
Batching shall be so conducted as to result in a 2 mass percent maximum tolerance
for the required material.
d.
Bin and Scales

The batching plant shall include separate bins for bulk cement, fine aggregate and for
each size of aggregate, a weighing hopper, and scales capable of determining
accurately the mass of each component of the batch.
Scales shall be accurate to one-half (0.5) percent throughout the range used.
e.
Batching
When batches are hauled to the mixer, bulk cement shall be transported either in
waterproofs compartments or between the fine and coarse aggregates. When cement
is placed in contact with moist aggregates, batches will be rejected unless mixed
within 1 1/2 hours of such contact. Sacked cement may be transported on top of the
aggregates.
Batches shall be delivered to the mixer separate and intact. Each batch shall be
dumped cleanly into the mixer without loss, and, when more than one batch is carried
on the truck, without spilling of the material from one batch compartment into another.
f.
Admixture
The Contractor shall follow an approved procedure for adding the specified amount of
admixture to each batch and will be responsible for its uniform operation during the
progress of the work. He shall provide separate scales for the admixture which are to
6 of 8


Structural Concrete
be proportioned by weight, and accurate measures for those to be proportioned by

volume. Admixtures shall be measured into the mixer with an accuracy of plus or
minus three (3) percent.
The use of calcium chloride as an admixture will not be permitted.
3.4
Mixing and Delivery

Concrete may be mixed at the site of construction, at a central point or by a combination of
central point and truck mixing or by a combination of central point mixing and truck agitating.
Mixing and delivery of concrete shall be in accordance with the appropriate requirements of
AASHTO M 157 excepts as modified in the following paragraphs of this section, for truck
mixing or a combination of central point and truck mixing or truck agitating. Delivery of
concrete shall be regulated so that placing is at a continuous rate unless delayed by the
placing operations. The intervals between delivery of batches shall not be so great as to allow
the concrete in place to harden partially, and in no case shall such an interval exceed 30
minutes.
When volumetric measurements are authorized, the weight propositions shall be converted to
equivalent volumetric proportions. In such cases, suitable allowance shall be made for
variations in the moisture condition of the aggregates, including the bulking effect in the fine
aggregate. Batching and mixing shall be in accordance with ASTM C 685, Section 6 through
9.
Retempering concrete will not be permitted. Admixtures for increasing the workability, for
retarding the set, or for accelerating the set or improving the pumping characteristics of the
concrete will be permitted only when specifically provided in the Contract, or authorized in
writing by the Engineer.
a.
Mixing Concrete: General

Concrete shall be thoroughly mixed in a mixer of an approved size and type that will
insure a uniform distribution of the materials throughout the mass. All concrete shall
be mixed in mechanically operated mixers. Mixing plant and equipment for
transporting and placing concrete shall be arranged with an ample auxiliary installation
to provide a minimum supply of concrete in case of breakdown of machinery or in
case the normal supply of concrete is disrupted. The auxiliary supply of concrete shall
be sufficient to complete the casting of a section up to a construction joint that will
meet the approval of the Engineer.
b.
Mixing Concrete at Site

Concrete mixers may be of the revolving drum or the revolving blade type and the
mixing drum or blades shall be operated uniform at the mixing speed recommended
by the manufacturer. The pick-up and throw-over blades of mixers shall be restored
or replaced when any part or section is worn 20 mm or more below the original height
of the manufacturer's design. Mixers and agitators which have an accumulation of
hard concrete or mortar shall not be used.
c.
Mixing Concrete at Central Plant

Mixing at central plant shall conform to the requirements for mixing at the site.
d.
Mixing Concrete in Truck

Truck mixers, unless otherwise authorized by the Engineer, shall be of the revolving
drum type, watertight, and so constructed that the concrete can be mixed to insure a
uniform distribution of materials throughout the mass. All solid materials for the
7 of 8


Structural Concrete
concrete shall be accurately measured and charged into the drum at the proportioning
plant. Except as subsequently provided, the truck mixer shall be equipped with a
device by which the quantity of water added can be readily verified. The mixing water
may be added directly to the batch, in which case a tank is not required. Truck mixers
may be required to be provided with a means of which the mixing time can be readily
verified by the Engineer.
3.5
Methods of Measurement
The quantity of structural concrete to be paid for will be the final quantity placed and accepted
in the completed structures. No deduction will be made for the volume occupied by pipe less
than 100 mm (4 inches) in diameter or by reinforcing steel, anchors, conduits, weep holes or
expansion joint materials.
3.6
Basis of Payment
*****
8 of 8
PART H MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES

Part H Miscellaneous Structures

Security Fence and Gates
ITEM 604 SECURITY FENCE AND GATES

PART 1 GENERAL
1.1
Description
This Item shall consist of furnishing and constructing posts and chain link fences in
accordance with the details, and at the locations, shown on the Plans, or as required by the
Engineer.
This Item shall consist also of constructing concrete hollow block wall fences in accordance
with the details, and at the locations, shown on the Plans, or as required by the Engineer.
1.2
Submittals
Before materials for security fence and gates are ordered, the Contractor shall submit to the
Engineer complete shop drawings including details for approval.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1
Material Requirements
2.1.1
Chain Link Fence

Chain link fence fabric shall be fabricated from 8 gauge galvanized conforming to
AASHTO M 181 and shall be of the type shown on the Plans. Before ordering the chain link
fence fabric, the Contractor shall submit a sample of the material to the Engineer for testing
and for approval.
2.1.2
Concrete Pedestal and Foundation

Concrete posts shall be made of Class A concrete in accordance with Item 405, Structural
Concrete.
2.1.3
Steel Post and Railings

Steel posts shall be of the sections and length as specified or as shown on the Plans. The
posts including railings shall be G.I. pipe galvanized, 50 mm dia., Schedule 40.
2.1.4
Steel Reinforcement
Steel reinforcement for concrete foundation and pedestal shall be deformed steel bars
conforming to the provisions of Item 404, Reinforcing Steel.
Fabricate steel post and frames to design, dimension and details shown. Provide members in
sizes and profiles indicated. The post and steel frames shall be welded at the joints. Finish
exposed weld surface smooth and flush and blended to match adjoining surface.
2.1.5
Hardwares
Nuts, bolts, washers and other associated hardware shall be galvanized after fabrication as
specified as ASTM 153.
1 of 6

2.1.6

CHB Wall Fence

a.
Concrete Hollow Blocks

Concrete Hollow Blocks shall conform to the requirements specified in the Philippine
National Standards PNS 16:1984 Specifications for Concrete Hollow Blocks of the
Product Standard Agency of the Ministry of Trade and Industry and now the
Department of Trade and Industry.
b.
Reinforcing Steel
Reinforcing Steel for vertical and horizontal reinforcement of Concrete Hollow Blocks
(CHB) including reinforcement for column on footing, column and wall footing shall
conform to the following:
Deformed Billet-Steel Bars
for Concrete Reinforcement
c.
AASHTO M 31 (ASTM A 615)
Mortar and Grout

Composition of Mortar shall be in accordance with the following:
Unless otherwise indicated on the Plans, masonry mortar shall be composed of one
part Portland Cement or air-entraining Portland Cement and two parts fine aggregate
by volume to which hydrated lime has been added in an amount equal to ten (10)
mass percent of the cement. In lieu of air-entraining cement, Portland cement may be
used with an air-entraining admixture in accordance with the applicable provisions of
Item 405.
For masonry walls not exceeding 1.8 m (6 feet) in height, a mortar composed of one
part masonry cement and two parts fine aggregate by volume maybe substituted for
the above mixture of Portland Cement, lime and fine aggregate. For other
construction, masonry cement may be used if and as shown on the Plans.
Materials for mortar shall be in accordance with the following:
Either Type I or Type IA air-entraining Portland Cement, conforming to AASHTO M 85
may be used, except that when the contract contains an item for concrete under Item
405, the Contractor may use the same type as is used for that work.
Masonry cement shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 150 - 74 (ASTM C
91).
Fine aggregate shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 45 (ASTM C 144).
Hydrated lime shall meet the requirements for Residue, Popping and Pitting, and
Water retention shown for Type N lime in Section 701.3 (ASTM C 207).
Water shall conform to the requirements of Item 714, Water. Air-entraining agents
shall conform to the requirements of Section 708.2 AASHTO M 154 (ASTM C 260).
d.
Concrete Footings and Columns

The materials for concrete footings and columns shall meet the requirements of Class
B Concrete and Class A respectively of Item 405, Structural Concrete. The column
shall be cast to the length shown on the Plans and shall have a smooth surface finish.
2 of 6


PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1
Construction Requirements
Prior to construction, the Contractor shall perform such clearing and grubbing as may be
necessary to construct the fence to the required grade and alignment. Fence shall generally
follow the contour of the ground. Grading shall be performed where necessary to provide a
neat appearance.
3.2
Gates
Gates shall be constructed as shown on the Plans.
3.3
Chain Link Fence

a.
Excavation and Backfilling

Trench for the wall footing shall be excavated to the required depth to the bottom of
the concrete foundation as shown on Plans.
Backfilling shall be carried out by using suitable materials approved by the Engineer
and shall be compacted in layers of not exceeding 150 mm in depth. Surplus
excavated material shall be disposed by the Contractor as directed by the Engineer.
b.
Placing of Concrete
The concrete for footings shall be placed on the excavation against the soil without
forming.
c.
Erection of Posts
The posts shall be erected vertically in position inside the formwork of the pedestal
prior to the placing of the concrete and shall be adequately supported by bracing to
protect movement of the post during the placing and setting of concrete. The posts
shall be located at the position shown on the Plans.
d.
Reinforcing Steel
Steel reinforcement shall be secured in place before the concrete is placed.
e.
Installation of Chain Link Fence Fabric

The chain link fence fabric shall be set to line and elevation and pulled taut between
each post before spot welding, or other method of fixing is carried out, where splicing
of the fence fabric is necessary or at joints. The lapping of the chain link fence fabric
shall be for a minimum of 100 mm and shall occur only at the post. No horizontal
splicing will be permitted. The fence fabric shall be fixed to the posts as shown on the
Plans. Any surface protection layer damaged during welding and/or construction shall
be restored properly.
3.4
CHB Wall Fence

a.
Excavation and Backfilling

Excavation for footing shall be made to the required lines, depth and width as shown
on the Plans.
Backfilling shall be carried out using suitable materials approved by the Engineer and
3 of 6


shall be compacted in layers not exceeding 150 mm in depth. The Contractor, as

directed by the Engineer, shall dispose all surplus excavated material.
b.
Placing of Concrete
The concrete for footings shall be placed on the excavation against the soil without
forming.
Prior to the placing of concrete for column, the formworks shall be adequately
supported by bracing to prevent movement to the column during the placing and
setting of concrete. The column shall be erected to the height and location shown on
the Plans or as ordered by the Engineer.
Steel reinforcement shall be secured in place before the concrete is placed.
c.
Laying Masonry Units

(1)
Wet Masonry Units: Do not wet concrete masonry units. Do not lay units
having a film of water on the surface.
(2)
Placing Units: Lay hollow masonry units so as to preserve the vertical

continuity of cells filled with grout. The minimum clear horizontal dimensions
of vertical cores shall be 50 mm by 75 mm. Masonry bond units at corners.
Anchor intersections by reinforcing bars as indicated. Adjust each unit to its
final position while mortar is still soft and plastic. If any unit is disturbed after
mortar has stiffened, remove and relay in fresh mortar. Keep chases, raked
out joints, and spaces to be grouted, free from mortar and other debris.
(3)
Bond Pattern: Lay masonry units in running bond.
(4)
Cutting and Fitting: Wherever possible, use full units of the proper size in lieu
of cut units. Use power masonry saws for cutting and fitting. Concretemasonry units shall be wet cut. Make cut edges clean, true and sharp. Make
openings carefully so that wall plates, cover plates or escutcheons required by
the installation will completely conceal the openings and will be aligned at the
bottom with the masonry joints. Cut webs of hollow masonry units to the
minimum required for proper installation. Provide reinforced masonry lintels,
above openings over 300 mm wide for pipes, ducts and cable trays unless
steel sleeves are used.
(5)
Mortar Joints: Spread bed joints with mortar for the full thickness of the face
shells. Where only cells containing reinforcement are to be grouted, spread
cross webs around such cell with mortar to prevent leakage of grout. Butter
head joints for full thickness of the face shell and place the units. Avoid fins of
mortar that protrude into cells to be grouted.
(6)
Jointing: Tool joints when the mortar is thumbprint hard. Tool horizontal joints
first. Brush joints to remove loose and excess mortar. Mortar joints shall be
finished, as follows:
Tooled Joints: Tool joints in exposed exterior and interior masonry surfaces
slightly concave. Use a jointer of sufficient length to obtain a straight and true
mortar joints.
4 of 6

d.

(7)
Joint Width: 9 mm wide.
(8)
Surface Finish: A plaster coat of mortar shall be applied to the outer and inner
surface of concrete hollow blocks. Such plaster coat shall be of mortar of the
same material and proportions as that used in laying the blocks and shall not
be less than 12.5 mm (1/2 inch) thick. Before applying a plaster coat to the
block surface, the block shall be thoroughly wetted with water and the surface
allowed to dry sufficiently to provide for proper bonding of the plaster coat
Placing Reinforcing Steel

Prior to placing grout, clean, reinforcement of loose, flaky rust, scale, grease, mortar,
grout, or other coating which might destroy or reduce its bond with the grout. Details
of reinforcement shall be in conformance with ACI 315. Do not bend or straighten
reinforcing in a manner a injurious to the steel. Do not use bars with kinks or bends
not shown on the drawings. Placement of reinforcement shall be inspected and
approved prior to placing grout.
e.
(1)
Positioning Bars: Position vertical bars accurately at the centerline of the wall.
Maintain a minimum clearance between the bars and masonry units of 12 mm
and between parallel bars of one diameter of the reinforcement. Hold vertical
reinforcing in place using metal support, centering clips, spaces, ties or
caging devices located near the ends of each bar and at intermediate
intervals of not more than 192 diameters of the reinforcement.
(2)
Splices: Locate splices only as indicated. Stagger splices in adjacent bars at

least 600 mm. Lap bars a minimum of 40 diameters of the reinforcement or
600 mm, whichever is greater. Welded or mechanical connections shall
develop the full strength of the reinforcement.
Placing Grout
Use a hand bucket, concrete hopper or grout pump. Place grout in final position within
1-1/2 hours after mixing. Where grouting is discontinued for more than one hour, stop
the grout 25-mm below the top of a course to form a key at pour points. Place grout to
completely fill the gout spaces without segregation of the aggregates.
f.
Tolerance
Lay masonry plumb, true to line, with course level. Keep bond patterns plumb
throughout.
g.
Cleaning
After mortar joints have attained their initial set but prior to hardening, completely
remove mortar and grout daubs or splashing from exposed masonry surfaces. Before
completion of the work, make out defects in joints in exposed masonry surfaces fill
with mortar and tool to match existing joints. Immediately after grout work is
completed remove scum and stairs which have percolated through the masonry using
a high pressure steam of water and a stiff fiber bristled brush. Do not use metal tools
or metal brushes for cleaning. Dry brush exposed concrete masonry unit surfaces at
the end of work each day.
5 of 6


PART 4 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

4.1
The quantity to be paid for shall be the number of linear meter measured center to center of
posts, of fencing erected in place and accepted.
4.2
Basis of Payment
The quantities, as determined in Subsection 604 SP 4, Method of Measurement, shall be paid for
at the contract unit price per unit of measurement, respectively for each of the particular Pay
Items listed below and shown in the Bill of Quantities, which price and payment shall be full
compensation for furnishing and placing all materials, including all labor, equipment, tools and
incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in this Section.
*****
6 of 6
Water Supply Wells
Earthworks and Security Fence/Gates
Water Supply Wells

Drilling Construction and Testing of Test/Production Well
SECTION 1 DRILLING, CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING OF TEST/PRODUCTION WELL

1.1
GENERAL
The Works include the construction of one (1) production well. The well will be drilled and
constructed in the area where the aquifer is made up of tuffaceous sand stone beds and sand
and/or gravel layers within pyroclastic formations. The rocks of these two formations are semi
to well consolidated and therefore relatively stable.
Construction of production well shall consist of all work required in connection with drilling,
development and testing of the borehole at the designated location as specified herein and on
the Drawing showing the tentative well design or as directed by the Engineer including, but not
limited to, mobilization, setting up, preparing the Site, making arrangements for the power and
water required for drilling the pilot hole, formation sampling, collecting data and keeping
records, making preparation for and executing geophysical logging, reaming the borehole,
installing and removing temporary casing where necessary or other hole stabilization work if
required, supplying and installing casing, cones, screen materials, centralizers, placing gravel
pack, sand, grouting pumphousing, casing annulus, well development and test pumping as
specified, dismantling, demobilizing and clearing up and restoring the Site.
Table 1.1 Well Details
1.1.1
Well Number
Total Depth
(mm)
Borehole Diameter
PBH 01
80
350
Screen/Casing
Diameter (mm)
TECHNICAL DEFINITIONS
a.
The following definitions shall apply:

(1)
Borehole - means any drilled section of boring before completion as defined in

Well below.
(2)
Casing - means non-slotted or non-perforated lining tubes.
(3)
Development equipment - means high velocity jetting tool, airlift equipment,

surge plunger and all other equipment needed to develop the well.
(4)
Diameters - means nominal diameters unless otherwise stated.
(5)
Drilling rig - means the drilling equipment and the auxiliary equipment for its
operation.
(6)
Drilling unit - as defined in Sub-section 1.2.2.
(7)
Final well design - means the drawing and description prepared by the
Engineer upon completion of drilling specifying the well components.
(8)
Lining materials - means any casing, screen, slotted lining or perforated lining
tube whether permanently or temporarily installed in the borehole.
(9)
Pumping unit - as defined in Sub-section 1.9.2.
(10)
Screens - means continuous wire wound stainless or low carbon steel

screens, or slotted or perforated lining tube.
1 of 19

b.
(11)
Tentative well design - means the Contract Drawing showing the preliminary
design of the well.
(12)
Well - means any completed hole in which all lining material has been set, all
grouting completed and all temporary lining removed.
Technical Standards
All materials or workmanship shall comply with the Technical Specification. Other
standards equal or superior to those enumerated, shall be acceptable, subject to the
approval of the Engineer. The approval of the Engineer must be obtained prior to
utilizing such materials or workmanship on or off the Site.
c.
Water Supply and Illumination

In the absence of adequate quantities of water or illumination required for drilling at
the Site, the Contractor shall make such arrangements including the provision for
mobile tanks or fixed tanks as may be necessary to ensure a supply of water and
illumination sufficient for drilling operations.
d.
e.
Electrical Power Supply

(1)
The Contractor will make arrangements as may be necessary for the

connection of or supply of power to the Site.
(2)
Payment for the provision of electrical power supplies as specified in Subclause d) (1) shall be deemed to be included in the prices entered in the Bill of
Quantities for setting up equipment at the Site, drilling and for operation of the
pumping unit.
Storage of Inflammables
The Contractor shall comply with all local authority regulations applicable to the use
and storage of diesel oils, petrol, paraffin and other inflammable fuels used by him on
the Site, and shall ensure that adequate precautions are taken against fire.
f.
Boundaries of Site
The Owner shall provide land or rights-of-way for the Works specified in this Contract
and make suitable provisions for ingress and egress, and the Contractor shall not
enter or occupy with men, tools, equipment or material, any ground outside the
property of the Owner without the written consent of the owner of such property. Other
contractors and employees or agents of the Owner may, for all necessary purposes,
enter upon the Site and premises used by the Contractor, and the Contractor shall
conduct his work so as not to impede unnecessarily any work being done by others on
or adjacent to the Site.
g.
Access Roads
Construction or improvement of access roads to the wells shall, unless otherwise
agreed, be done by the Contractor at his own cost, which is deemed to be included in
the Contract Price. The access roads shall be kept in proper condition during the
entire construction period.
h.
Protection of Site
(1)
Excepting as otherwise provided herein, the Contractor shall protect all

fences, structures, footpaths, pipelines, trees, shrubbery, lawns, etc, during
2 of 19

the progress of his work, shall remove from the Site all drill cuttings, debris,
and unused materials, and shall upon the completion of the Works restore the
Site to its original condition, including removal of access tracks and the
replacement, at the Contractor's sole expense, of any facility or landscaping
which has been damaged beyond restoration to its original condition to the
satisfaction of the Engineer.
(2)
i.
Water pumped from the well shall be conducted to a place approved by the
Engineer where it will be possible to dispose the water without damage to
property or creation of a nuisance.
Site to be Kept Tidy

The Contractor shall at all times keep the Site and all working areas in a tidy and
sanitary condition and free from rubbish and waste materials.
j.
Temporary Buildings for Use by Contractor

The Contractor shall provide at the Site such temporary buildings, tanks, workshops,
etc. as may be necessary and proper for his general use in connection with the
Works, and for the use of persons employed by him. The nature of the buildings,
tanks, etc and the positioning of them shall be subject to the prior approval of the
Engineer and the relevant authorities.
k.
l.
m.
Shop Drawings
(1)
The Contractor shall, if requested, prior to start of each operation, produce for
the Engineer's approval shop drawings showing details of technical
operations such as test of plumbness and alignment, the method of the
slotted casing production, if so required, the methods of placement of
formation stabilizer and/or cement grout, the arrangement for well testing, the
method for well development and all other drawings pertinent to the well
drilling, well construction operations and well development as requested by
the Engineer.
(2).
Shop drawings shall be completed with respect to dimensions, design, design

criteria, materials, methods of construction and the like to enable the
Engineer to review the information, as required.
Well Head Protection

(1)
At all times during construction, the Contractor shall protect the well in such
manner as effectively to prevent either tampering with the well or the entrance
of foreign matter until completion including the fitting of temporary well head
cap satisfactory to the Engineer.
(2)
In the event that the well becomes contaminated or that water having
undesirable physical or chemical characteristics has entered the well the
Contractor shall at his own expense perform such work or supply casings,
seals, sterilizing agents or other materials as necessary to eliminate the
contamination and to exclude any undesirable water from the well.
Transport of Personnel and Equipment

(1)
The Contractor shall supply and operate all transport required for transporting
his employees, materials and equipment.
(2)
The cost of movement of personnel, materials and equipment shall be
3 of 19

included in the prices inserted in the Bid Form for drilling, development and
pump operation.
n.
o.
Site Preparation and Restoration

(1)
The Contractor shall prepare the Site, provide all necessary tanks and pits
and make all necessary arrangements for erecting and dismantling the drilling
unit and all other equipment used for well construction, development and
testing and shall on completion of each phase of work restore the Site to the
satisfaction of the Engineer.
(2)
The costs shall be deemed to be included in the prices entered in the Bid
Form for the relevant items.
Standing Time
Standing time will be paid only when drilling is suspended on the written instruction of
the Engineer.
Payment shall be made for the number of days of standing per drilling rig at the unit
price given in the Bid Form for stand-by charge.
1.2
WELL DRILLING
1.2.1
SCOPE
1.2.2
1.2.3
a.
The Contractor shall provide and operate a mobile drilling unit required to complete
the Works within the construction period.
b.
The Contractor shall provide all auxiliary equipment, lubricants, fuels and spares
necessary to keep the drilling rig(s) in continuous operation.
EQUIPMENT
a.
The drilling rig(s) together with all auxiliary equipment and personnel shall be defined
as the drilling unit(s).
b.
All rigs shall have sufficient capacity to drill the specified borehole at the diameters
specified and to a depth which is a minimum 25% deeper than that indicated on the
Drawing showing the tentative well design.
c.
Payment for drilling will be by the linear meter of borehole as measured after removal
of drill string. The unit prices set against drilling items in the Bid Form shall be
deemed to include all equipment, personnel, fuels and lubricants and the accessories
required for operation of the drilling unit.
d.
When the drilling unit is being used for a purpose other than drilling, then the unit
prices for that purpose entered in the Bid Form shall be deemed to include the
running costs of the drilling unit.
e.
The Contractor shall provide and operate a minimum of three (3) rotary drilling rigs
including all auxiliary equipment necessary to complete the Works as designed within
the construction period stipulated.
DRILLING METHOD
4 of 19

1.2.4
a.
The production well shall be drilled by the rotary method using sound drilling practice
approved by the Engineer.
b.
The Contractor shall drill the hole to such depth and with such a diameter which shall
enable easy installation of casing and screen and placement of gravel envelope with a
uniform thickness as specified. During drilling of the hole, the Contractor shall ensure
that the natural permeability of the yielding strata near the well bore is not irreversibly
reduced due to the drilling method employed.
c.
The provision of an uninterrupted supply of drilling water is the sole responsibility of

the Contractor. The capacity of the settling pond shall be approximately three times
the volume of the borehole. Except where ordered in writing by the Engineer no over
drilling will be measured for payment. Any over drilling required by the Contractor to
facilitate installation of casing/ screen shall be done subject to the prior approval of the
Engineer at the Contractors expense.
HOLE DEVIATION AND STRAIGHTNESS

The borehole shall be drilled straight and concentric within the plumb limits specified. To
achieve this, the Contractor shall use a deviation survey instrument which shall be run within
the drill string on completion of the drilling of the upper pump housing and again prior to
extraction of line drill string on termination of the borehole.
1.2.5
WATER LEVEL SOUNDING INSTRUMENT

The Contractor shall provide an accurate water sounding instrument acceptable to the
Engineer to measure the water level during all drilling, development and testing of the well.
This instrument will be retained by the Owner after final acceptance of the Works. Failure to
provide such an instrument will subject the Contractor to a penalty of P100.00 per day.
1.2.6
STRATA SAMPLING
a.
Strata samples shall be taken at 1 meter intervals or more frequent if the formation
penetrated changes. Samples shall be placed in plastic or other appropriate bags on
which or in which the sampling depth and the date of sampling is written in such a
manner that it is permanently readable.
b.
The sampling procedure must provide that all the fractions of the penetrated strata are
present in the sample.
c.
Each sample shall be placed in a wooden box with space for storage of one sample
and the sampling depth shall be written on the box.
d.
A record of samples taken with the details described above, shall be submitted to the
Engineer every day.
e.
Payment for sampling shall be deemed to be included in the unit prices entered for
drilling in the Bill of Quantities.
f.
Failure on the part of the Contractor to obtain, preserve and deliver samples or
records, satisfactory to the Engineer, shall be considered as actual damage to the
Owner. Such a failure shall authorize the Engineer to retain from money due or to
become due the Contractor the sum of One Thousand Pesos (P1000.00) as
liquidated damages for each sample that the Contractor shall fail to obtain, preserve
or deliver, or for each length of pipe not properly measured and recorded in the order
in which it was placed in the well. In the event that, in the opinion of the Engineer, the
failure of the Contractor to take and preserve the samples may affect the proper
design of the well, the Contractor may be required to perform such work as the
5 of 19

Engineer deems necessary to remedy such failure at no cost to the Owner. It is

understood that the liquidated damages herein provided are fixed, agreed and not by
way of penalty; and that the Owner shall not be required to prove that he has incurred
actual damages.
1.2.7
DRILLING MUD
a.
Bentonite, if used, shall be of premium quality in accordance with API Standard 13A
with 150 kg/m3 of make-up water yielding a mud with a viscosity of between 35 and
40 seconds using a Marsh Funnel and a mud weight of less than 1.10 kg/l (9.2 lb./US
gal.).
b.
Make-up water shall be treated with caustic soda (soda ash) to maintain the pH
between 8.0 and 9.0 prior to mixing mud.
c.
During drilling with mud, the Contractor shall perform hourly measurements of the
following mud characteristics:
- pH value
- Funnel viscosity
- Specific gravity
- Sand content
- Filtration loss
- Filter cake thickness
d.
The recorded mud characteristics shall not exceed the following values, without the
prior approval of the Engineer:
- Specific gravity
- Sand content
- Filtration loss
- Filter cake
1.2.8
:
:
:
:
1.10 kg/l
4%
10 ml
1.5 mm
WORKING HOURS
All work from start of drilling of the borehole until completion of well development shall, if the
rotary drilling method is applied, be on a round the clock basis.
1.3
GEOPHYSICAL LOGGING
1.3.1
SCOPE OF WORK
Geophysical logging comprising electric resistivity and self-potential logs of the unlined
portions of the pilot hole is to be undertaken by the Contractor using equipment linked to a
computer and printer giving a continuous print out of the results. The print out shall be
presented to the Engineer immediately. The Contractor shall submit the interpretation of the
log together with data recorded on a CD within 5 days of the completion of logging.
1.3.2
EQUIPMENT
a.
The geophysical logs may be recorded either by automatic recording on a chart strip
or by manual reading of recorded values. In case the logs are recorded by the
manual method, readings shall be taken at minimum intervals of 0.33 m of borehole
length.
b.
The recorded logs shall be submitted to the Engineer immediately upon completion of
logging as plots of recorded characteristics versus depth for his approval. In case of
disapproval by the Engineer, the logs shall be repeated immediately.
6 of 19

1.3.3
LOGS
Geophysical logging shall comprise the following logs:
- caliper log
- resistivity log (400 mm & 1600 mm)
- gamma ray log
- self-potential log (SP).
1.4
WELL CASING
1.4.1
SCOPE
The Contractor shall provide and install the well casing and shown on the Drawings and any
temporary casing required during construction.
a.
Casing Material
(1)
b.
c.
The Contractor shall, before commencement of work, submit for the approval
of the Engineer the following details of all casing:
i.
Type of material;
ii.
Internal and external diameters;
iii.
Wall thickness;
iv.
Method of jointing.
(2)
All permanent casing material shall be of new stock unless otherwise

specified.
(3)
The Contractor shall assume responsibility for any casing failure and shall
correct, as approved by the Engineer, any casing failure at no cost to the
Owner. In the event that the Contractor cannot correct a casing failure, the
Contractor shall replace the casing with material complying with the
Specification, or if necessary, as approved by the Engineer at no extra cost to
the Owner.
Permanent Casing
(1)
All permanent casing shall be spiral welded, low-carbon steel pipe with a
minimum wall thickness of 6 mm. Casing shall be of new stock and shall be
water-tight. The outside diameter of the casing shall be as indicated on the
Drawing for the tentative well design. Pipe ends shall be bevelled to facilitate
welding and shall precisely match the diameter of abutting well components
including the stainless steel screens.
(2)
Reducing cone(s) and tapered sump pipes(s) shall be factory or workshop

manufactured from low-carbon steel to the dimensions indicated on the
Drawings or as approved by the Engineer and shall precisely match abutting
pipe or screen.
Temporary Casing
The Contractor shall furnish and install all temporary casing as required for
7 of 19

construction convenience or expediency. Casing should only be installed with the

approval of the Engineer. The Contractor shall provide such temporary casing as may
be necessary to prevent the collapse of any formation during the drilling operation to
allow the well to be sunk to the specified depth and to allow the installation of
permanent lining material as required.
Casing shall be of such weight and design as necessary to prevent entrance of sand
and silt, to be reasonably water-tight and to permit its installation without distortion or
rupture to the depth and dimensions. All casing shall be removed before completion of
the well and shall remain the property of the Contractor.
d.
e.
Lining Installation
(1)
Lining material shall be assembled and located in the well at the required
depth in a continuous operation. The lining material shall be set concentric
within the borehole by centralizing bars unless otherwise agreed with the
Engineer.
(2)
If the lining jams or is lost before it is set to the specified depth, the Contractor
shall endeavor to remove the lining material from the well or, if unable to
effect removal, shall abandon the well and drill a replacement well. No
payment shall be due for the abandoned well nor for any lining installed
therein.
Lining Material Accessories

(1)
(2)
f.
The Contractor shall provide as necessary the following accessories to set the
lining material to the required depth:
i.
Centralizers to be affixed to the lining material at intervals of 12 m to

locate the lining material in the center of the borehole;
ii.
Supporting clamps, equipment and tools;
iii.
Reducing cones and connecting pieces;
iv.
Casing hangers;
v.
All other necessary equipment.
The cost of all accessories shall be deemed to be included in the Bill of

Quantities for the provision and installation of lining material.
Testing for Plumbness and Alignment

(1)
All boreholes shall be constructed plumb and true to line as defined herein.
To demonstrate compliance with this requirement, the Contractor shall furnish
all labor, tools and equipment and shall provide drawings and a description of
the tests to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
(2)
Tests for plumbness and alignment must be made after the complete
construction of the well and before its acceptance. Additional tests, however,
may be made by the Contractor during well construction. No specific
payments shall be made for making these tests.
(3)
Should the results of the tests for plumbness and alignment show that the
plumb bob or dummy fails to move freely throughout the length of the lining or
borehole to a depth of the lowest anticipated pump setting and should the well
8 of 19

vary from the vertical in excess of two-thirds of the smallest inside diameter of
that part of the well being tested or beyond the limitations of this test, the
plumbness and alignment of the well shall be corrected by the Contractor at
his own expense. Should the Contractor fail to correct such faulty alignment
or plumbness, the Engineer may refuse to accept the well. No payment shall
be made for the abandoned well. The Contractor shall drill a new well to the
approval of the Engineer.
1.5
WELL SCREENS
1.5.1
SCOPE
The Contractor shall provide and install the well screens specified and shown on the
Drawings.
1.5.2
TYPE OF SCREEN
The screens shall be stainless steel AISI Grade 304 SS or equivalent continuous slot wedge
wire-wound with slot size 1.5 mm (slot 60), 3 meter length per piece. Each piece of screen
shall be marked with an indelible marker with a unique identification mark.
Slotted screens shall be so fabricated as to ensure the maximum yield of the well and to
prevent clogging and encrustation and shall be free from jagged edges and irregularities that
may accelerate clogging or corrosion.
Stainless steel screens shall be of new stock and shall comply with the following criteria:
SCREEN DETAILS
Nominal Diameter (mm)
Outside diameter (mm)
Length - including weld ring (m)
Minimum open area (%)
Slot opening tolerance (mm)
Collapse Pressure (K Pascal) (minimum)
(psi)
Tensile strength (Kg) (minimum)
Transmitting capacity (lps/m of screen) Using 0.03m/sec entrance
velocity
200
219
3
30
+/- 0.1
1484
210
32,000
6.0
Details of the screen to be supplied by the Contractor shall be submitted together with the bid.
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval the shop drawing for the stainless
steel screen.
A certificate stating the detailed specification of the screen materials shall accompany the
screens on delivery to the Site.
1.5.3
SCREEN STRENGTH
The screens shall have adequate strength to resist the external forces that may be applied
during and after installation.
1.5.4
RESPONSIBILITY FOR MALFUNCTION

a.
The Contractor shall assume full responsibility for any malfunction of the screen
caused by inadequate installation procedure and shall undertake any correction as
9 of 19

approved by the Engineer at no extra cost to the Owner.
1.5.5
b.
The screen must have no change of alignment at any of its joints after installation. If
requested, the Contractor shall submit for approval by the Engineer the design and
method of fabrication of the screen.
c.
In the event that the Contractor cannot correct a screen failure, the Contractor shall
replace the screen with material complying with the Technical Specification at no extra
cost to the Owner.
SCREEN ACCESSORIES
All fittings, packers, couplings, joints, plugs and seals used during installation of well screen
together with the installation procedure, shall be to the approval of the Engineer.
1.5.6
SIEVE ANALYSES
The Contractor shall conduct sieve analyses of samples taken from all potential aquifers in
order to determine the most suitable slot opening and gravel pack grading. A maximum 1 kg
sample representing each potential aquifer horizon shall be collected, washed to remove
drilling mud and dried. The dried sample shall be quartered until 400 grams are left for
sieving.
For a thick, multi-layered aquifer horizon, samples taken from the fine-textured layer shall be
taken and sieved to represent the whole aquifer horizon.
The recommended mesh number and range of sizes of the sieves to be used are as follows:
Mesh Number
Size in mm
Mesh Number
Size in mm
150
60
40
30
20
0.105
0.246
0.420
0.590
0.840
18
16
12
10
7
1.000
1.190
1.680
2.000
2.830
The Engineer will determine the gravel pack grading based on the sieve analyses.
1.6
WELDING
Welding shall be carried out using materials strictly compatible with the stainless steel screen
and low carbon steel casing materials.
1.7
FORMATION STABILIZER/GRAVEL PACK
1.7.1
SCOPE
The Contractor shall provide and install formation stabilizer, or gravel pack if shown on the
Drawings.
1.7.2
MATERIAL
a.
The formation stabilizer/gravel pack material shall consist of well rounded, water-worn
siliceous grains. (Under no circumstances may angular chippings or road stone be
used as formation stabilizer/gravel pack material.)
b.
The Contractor shall, during the mobilization period, submit to the Engineer for his
approval, samples of the formation stabilizer he proposes to use, stating the source,
quantities available, rate of delivery and any other information requested.
10 of 19

c.
Graded gravel pack materials shall have grain size 4 - 7 mm with a uniformity
coefficient (Cu) less than 2 where,
Cu =
1.7.3
D60
D10
METHOD OF INSTALLATION
a.
The method of placing the formation stabilizer/gravel pack in the annulus shall be
such that separation of the gravel and bridging is avoided.
b.
The formation stabilizer/gravel pack shall immediately upon completion of lining

installation, be placed in the annulus between the borehole and the lining, in the
screened section(s) of the lining, as indicated on the Drawing showing the final well
design.
c.
If the borehole was drilled by the rotary method, installation of formation

stabilizer/gravel pack shall be done by circulation of the drilling mud.
1.8
WELL DEVELOPMENT
1.8.1
SCOPE
a.
The Contractor shall furnish compressors, surge plungers, jetting tools, electric
generators, chemicals and any other equipment required for satisfactory well
development and shall undertake the development as directed by the Engineer.
b.
Development shall, if the rotary method is applied, comprise deflocculation, high

velocity jetting for continuous slot screens, surging with plunger for slotted screens
and development which shall consist of surging and bailing of sediments,
overpumping and airlifting.
c.
Expected Yield
The expected yield of each production well is given below:
Well Number
PBH-01
Depth (m)
80
Expected Yield
7.50
When the water discharged from the well is confirmed sand free the Engineer shall
issue a certificate stating the well discharge and sand content and confirming that well
development is complete.
1.8.2
SURGING WITH PLUNGER

a.
Upon completion of installation of lining or formation stabilizer/gravel pack, the

Contractor shall develop the well by mechanical surging with a valve-type surge
plunger approved by the Engineer.
b.
Before start of surging and with 1 hour intervals during the surging operation, the
depth to the well bottom and to top of gravel pack shall be recorded.
c.
Surging shall be continued until accumulation of sediments in the sump pipe, during a
1 hour period surging operation is negligible.
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1.8.3
1.8.4
1.8.5
DEFLOCCULATION (APPLICABLE FOR ROTARY METHOD ONLY)

a.
Upon completion of installation of lining or formation stabilizer/gravel pack, the drilling

mud shall immediately be displaced from the well by pumping clean water into the
sump pipe.
b.
Mud displacement shall immediately be followed by injection and/or jetting through the
screened sections with a polyphosphate solution to deflocculate the mud cake on the
borehole wall. The concentration of the polyphosphate solution shall be 3 percent by
weight of the quantity of the water in the borehole. The well shall then be left for 1224 hours to allow the polyphosphate to react, before developing is continued.
HIGH VELOCITY JETTING

a.
After the deflocculation material has been allowed to react for 12-24 hours all sections
screened with continuous slot screens shall be developed by high velocity jetting.
b.
The jetting tool shall be equipped with two or four nozzles. The nozzle design shall be
such that it produces a concentrated jetting action. The tool shall be presented to the
Engineer for approval before the start of the drilling operation.
c.
The jetting tool shall be supplied with water through a high-pressure pump capable of
producing a nozzle velocity of 50-70 m per second. The pump shall be equipped with
a suitable pressure gauge on the discharge side to facilitate monitoring of nozzle
velocity.
d.
The development shall be carried out by slowly rotating the jetting tool and gradually
lowering it in order to cover the entire surface of the screen.
e.
At the same time as the high velocity jetting is performed, the well shall be discharged
with a discharge rate slightly higher than the discharge rate from the jetting tool.
f.
Each section of the screen shall be jetted until the return water is free from drilling
mud, but no section shall be jetted less than 20 minutes per meter of screen.
DEVELOPMENT BY AIRLIFTING
a.
Upon completion of high-velocity jetting, and/or surging with plunger, the well shall be
discharged by the airlifting method.
b.
The compressor used for pumping by airlifting shall be capable of developing a

pressure not less than 100 psi. The delivery shall be no less than 7 m3 air per minute.
c.
The quantity of water discharged from the well and the drawdown in the well at the
commencement of the development shall be limited and shall be gradually increased
only as the water clears. From time to time the air flow shall be stopped to facilitate
loosening of trapped sand grains. The well may also be backwashed by pumping
clean water into the well.
d.
During the airlifting operation the position of the air pipe and conductor pipe,
drawdown in well, approximate yield and time for each change in position shall be
recorded by the Contractor.
e.
The development shall be completed with a conductor pipe not more than 0.5 m
above the bottom of the well to ensure that all sand has been removed from the sump
pipe.
12 of 19

1.8.6
WELL CLEANING
Upon completion of the development operations, the Contractor shall demonstrate to the
satisfaction of the Engineer that the bottom of the well is clear of all sand, mud and other
foreign materials.
1.8.7
1.8.8
FREEDOM FROM SAND

a.
The Contractor shall develop the well by the methods specified until the water
pumped from the well is substantially free from sand and until the turbidity is less than
5 on the Silica Scale described in Standard Methods of
Water Analysis (latest
edition as published by AWWA, APHA and WPCT).
b.
The water pumped from the well shall not contain an amount of fine material in
excess of 1.0 mg per liter when the well is pumped at its maximum expected yield.
The equipment for measurement of the sand content shall be furnished by the
Contractor.
ACCEPTANCE OF DEVELOPMENT
a.
The development by the specified methods shall be repeated and continued until the
well is thoroughly developed in accordance with the criteria specified in Sub-section
1.8.7.
b.
If the yield after the well has been confirmed sand-free is below the yield considered
acceptable for the penetrated aquifer, then the Engineer may instruct the Contractor
to perform further development.
1.9
WELL TESTING
1.9.1
SCOPE
The Contractor shall provide and operate a pumping unit for the following purposes:
a.
b.
c.
1.9.2
Step-drawdown pumping tests on the constructed well;

Constant discharge pumping and recovery tests on the constructed well.
Should it be proven by the Engineer that completing the 48-hour continuous constant
discharge pumping test is unnecessary and/or not possible, the Contractor shall be
paid an amount corresponding to 24 hours of pumping.
EQUIPMENT CAPACITY
a.
The Contractor shall provide and operate pumping machinery capable of carrying out
the specified pumping and shall provide adequate controls to allow discharge rates to
be kept constant at varying pumping water levels and to permit pumping with a
variation of not more than 5% of the designated discharge rate during any period of
yield or aquifer testing.
b.
The pumping unit set shall be able to deliver a discharge rate, which is a minimum of
50% higher than the expected yield of the well and a minimum discharge, which is a
maximum of 15% of the expected yield of the well when suitably throttled by use of a
gate valve.
c.
Suitable pumping machinery will be deemed to be:

(1)
Submersible electric pump unit together with generator and such accessories
13 of 19

needed to run the pump.

(2)
1.9.3
1.9.4
Line-shaft pump and internal combustion prime mover together with all
accessories needed to run the pump.
EQUIPMENT OPERATION
a.
The Contractor shall supply and operate all equipment and accessories necessary for
installation and removal of pumps.
b.
The Contractor shall maintain on Site sufficient fuels, lubricants, spares and other
accessories needed to run the pumping unit for whatever period may be specified by
the Engineer.
c.
The Contractor shall provide sufficient competent personnel including a qualified fitter
and electrician, as may be necessary to install and operate the pumping unit.
CONTROL OF DISCHARGE RATE

The Contractor shall, during the pumping tests, provide a suitable gate valve on the discharge
pipeline, to facilitate control of the discharge rate.
1.9.5
1.9.6
WATER LEVEL SOUNDING PIPE

a.
The Contractor shall, if instructed by the Engineer, provide and install a temporary
tube of at least 25 mm diameter from the top of the well to 2 m above the pump bowl
assembly to facilitate easy measurement of water level. The tube shall be open only at
the bottom and top.
b.
Payment for providing, installing and removing the tube shall be deemed to be
included in the prices inserted in the Bid Form for pumping tests.
DISCHARGE RATE MONITORING

Discharge rates up to 15 lps (54 m3/hr) may be measured by drum filling. Discharge rates in
excess of 15 lps shall be recorded with a water meter or by a V-notch weir. All items are
subject to the Engineer's approval before the start of drilling.
1.9.7
DEFINITION OF "PUMPING UNIT"

The equipment specified in Sub-section
pumping unit.
1.9.8
clause 39.08 (ii) and (vi) is referred to as the
PUMPING PROCEDURE
The Engineer will determine the pumping procedure required.
1.9.9
SUSPENSION OF PUMPING
If the condition of any equipment, personnel, fuel, lubricants or accessories may prejudice the
quality of data obtained from any pumping test the Engineer may suspend the work in
accordance with the provisions of the General Conditions.
1.9.10 EQUIPMENT BREAKDOWN DURING PUMPING

a.
Pumping must be continuous and at a constant rate during the tests. The Engineer
will instruct the Contractor as to the expected maximum duration of each pumping test
before the start of each test.
14 of 19

b.
If pumping is interrupted or the discharge rate fluctuates by more than 5% of the

designated discharge rate, the test shall be repeated after a period of recovery as
determined by the Engineer.
c.
If any pumping test is interrupted because of equipment breakdown or inadequate

supervision or discharge control, no payment will be made for any pumping period
before recommencing the test.
1.9.11 DURATION OF TESTS

a.
The step-drawdown pumping tests shall be performed in 5 steps with a duration of 2

hours each.
b.
The constant discharge pumping tests shall be performed for a period of 3-5 days or
unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer.
c.
The recovery test shall be performed for not more than 12 hours or until the original
static water level position is reached, whichever occurs first.
1.9.12 TEMPORARY PIPELINE
1.10
a.
The Contractor shall provide a temporary pipeline as directed by the Engineer for the
discharge of water from the well during the pumping tests and for disposal to a
suitable water course or drain.
b.
Under certain circumstances when re-infiltration cannot be avoided or it would be

excessively costly to provide for this condition, the Engineer shall decide to what
distance from the well, well water may be discharged onto the ground.
CEMENT GROUTING
1.10.1 SCOPE
To prevent possible contamination of surface water, the upper 15 m of the annulus between
the casing and borehole shall be grouted with cement as shown on the Drawing for the
tentative well design.
1.10.2 GROUTING MATERIAL
a.
Cement grout shall consist of a mixture of 95% Portland cement, 5% bentonite and
clean water, mixed in the proportion of 52.5 kg of Portland cement/bentonite to a
maximum of 30 liters of water.
b.
All cement shall, unless otherwise specified in the Contract Documents, conform to
the "Specifications for Portland Cement" (ASTM C150-latest revision).
1.10.3 METHOD OF PLACING GROUT MATERIAL

a.
The method and equipment for placing the grout shall be to the approval of the
Engineer. No method will be approved that does not provide for the forcing of grout
from the bottom of the casing/hole/annulus to be grouted, to the surface. Flushing of
the annular space with fluid to assure the space is open and to remove loose material
will be required before grouting is commenced.
15 of 19

b.
Any grouting operation shall be continuous and before starting, sufficient grout shall
be mixed to complete the whole operation. During the grouting operation, the mixed
grout shall be continuously stirred.
1.10.4 SETTING TIME

No work will be allowed on the well within a period of 72 hours after completion of grouting
unless a quick setting cement is used. In such case, the idle period may be reduced to 24
hours subject to the Engineer's prior approval.
1.11
CHLORINATING EQUIPMENT
1.11.1 HYPOCHLORINATING EQUIPMENT
1.12
a.
General The hypochlorite feed pump shall be of the positive displacement type with
all parts constructed of materials non-corrosive to wet chlorine service.
b.
Capacity The feed pump shall have a maximum operating capacity of

5 ppd of
hypochlorite solution and shall be equipped with manually operated knob control
mounted on top of the pump suitable for the above maximum feed rate. A feed
indicator shall permit visual monitor of fluid rate at any time.
c.
Operation The rate of hypochlorite solution feed shall be set manually and shall
remain constant until manually changed. Feed rate adjustment shall be permitted
while the unit is in operation. The hypochlorite feed pump shall be rated 230 VAC,
single phase and 60Hz.
d.
Standard Accessories The hypochlorinator shall be supplied with lubricating oil,

suction and discharge tubings with appropriate fittings, anti-siphon valve, foot valve,
strainer, check valve with pipe fittings for injection into the water main, three (3) plastic
solution tanks with cover to hold 50 gallons of hypochlorite solution and plastic
measuring cup.
e.
Powder Chlorine The unit shall be provided with one (1) drum (45 kgs) of calcium
hypochlorite powder with 70% available chlorine.
f.
Chlorine Test Kit The test kit shall be of colorimetric type and the residual chlorine
shall be determine by a simple visual comparison between permanent color standards
of known value and sample color. The test kit shall be capable of analysing for total
chlorine using orthotolidine solution method. The unit shall have a range of 0-5m/l or
ppm with increments of 0.1 mg/l or ppm. Orthotolidine solution shall be provided with
the test kit.
WELL DISINFECTION AND CLEANING
1.12.1 SCOPE
a.
The Contractor shall upon completion of well construction and testing thoroughly
clean the well of all foreign substances including tools, timbers, rope, debris of any
kind, cement, oil, grease and scum.
b.
The casing pipe shall be thoroughly swabbed using alkalis, if necessary, to remove oil,
16 of 19

grease and joint dope. The Contractor shall then disinfect the well with a chlorine
solution.
1.12.2 PROCEDURE
The required quantities of sodium hypochlorite powder or other approved disinfectant shall be
mixed with water in a suitable container of sufficient capacity to ensure complete sterilization
of the well water with the application of a solution giving a concentration of 100 mg/l of free
chlorine in all parts of the well. The solution shall be introduced to the well taking care to apply
disinfectant solution to all areas of casing above the static water level. The Contractor shall
provide reliable means for ensuring that the disinfectant agent is uniformly applied throughout
the entire water depth of the well. Any mechanical or surging action adopted for agitation of
the disinfectant shall be carried out under careful control to avoid risk of screen damage to the
approval of the Engineer.
All accessible portions of the well above the static water level shall be maintained in a damp
condition with water containing the required concentration of disinfecting agent for a period of
not less than 20 minutes. The disinfecting agent shall remain in the well for a period of 8
hours.
Measurement of the chlorine residual in a water sample taken from the well shall be done at
the end of the shown contact period using a suitable chlorine comparator test kit procured by
the Contractor to the approval of the Engineer. The test kit shall be retained by the Owner.
The procedure shall be accepted as complete provided there is a detectable chlorine residual
in the water sample.
If ordered water shall be pumped from the well until the chlorine residual is less than 10 ppm.
The disposal point for the purged water shall be selected so as to minimize potential damage
to the population, aquatic life and vegetation.
The following table gives the amount of sodium hypochlorite (70%) available chlorine required
to provide a dosage of 100 mg/l of available chlorine.
Table 1.2 - Chlorine Compound Required to Dose

1 m Depth of Water-Filled Well
Diameter of
Casing
(mm)
200
1.13
Volume per m of
Depth (liters)
32
Amount of Sodium Hypochlorite

in gms per m of Depth at 100 mg/l of Free
Chlorine
4.5
WELL SOUNDING
On completion of well testing and prior to acceptance, the well shall be sounded to confirm the
cased depth. The well may be accepted by the Engineer provided the depth of silt
accumulated in the sump pipe does not exceed 0.3m. Silt in excess of 0.3m shall be removed
by the Contractor.
1.13.1 CHLORINE SOLUTION

a.
The chlorine solution shall be of such volume and strength that a concentration of at
least 50 mg/liter of chlorine shall be obtained in all parts of the well.
b.
The chlorine solution shall be prepared and applied in accordance with the directions
of and to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The solution shall remain in the well for a
period of at least two hours.
17 of 19

1.13.2 CLEANING OF TEST PUMP

In the event that the test pump is to be installed after the well has been disinfected, all exterior
parts of the test pump coming in contact with the well water shall be swabbed with a chlorine
solution as directed by the Engineer.
1.13.3 DISINFECTION PROCEDURE
1.14
a.
Method A: Where practical, the chlorine solution of standard concentration used to

disinfect the well shall be prepared on the surface in containers having a volume of
water equal to that contained in the well. This prepared solution shall then be
discharged rapidly into the well, care being taken to flush the walls of the well above
the water level.
b.
Method B: In lieu of using liquid chlorine solution, a perforated pipe container capped
at both ends containing a granular chlorine compound, HTH or Perchloron, may be
moved up and down in the well by means of a weighted cable. The amount of
compound applied should be such as to provide the standard concentration.
WELL COMPLETION
1.14.1 SCOPE
The Contractor shall provide and operate all equipment necessary for restoration of the Site
and shall furnish and install a well head cap as shown on the Contract Drawings.
1.14.2 SITE RESTORATION
The Site shall be restored to the condition which existed before the well drilling and testing
activities commenced. This work shall include, but not be limited to, restoration of fences and
structures, removal of drill cuttings, leveling of the disturbed ground surfaces and replacement
or compensation for the destroyed plants and landscaping.
Payment for restoration shall be deemed to be included in the unit price entered in the Bid
Form for demobilization.
1.14.3 WELL HEAD CAPPING
The well head shall be completed with a lockable well head assembly on the upper casing as
well as a water level sounding tube with screw cap to prevent any unauthorized tampering with
the well.
1.15
SUBMITTAL OF REPORTS AND BOREHOLE DATA
1.15.1 SCOPE
a.
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer daily records in duplicate containing the
following information:
- Site;
- Date;
18 of 19

- Description of each stratum encountered;

- Depth below ground of each change of stratum;
- Depths and details of all disturbed samples.
b.
The Contractor will be required to keep records of penetration rates, mud losses and
mud conditions.
c.
At the end of the well construction and before final payment is made, the Contractor
shall submit to the Engineer a report containing the following information for each well:
(1)
The date of the start and the completion of well construction;
(2)
The total depth of the well;
(3)
A copy of the geophysical log together with interpretation;
(4)
Description of the strata encountered;
(5)
The sizes and the lengths/specification of the casing installed;
(6)
The locations and the detailed specification of the casing perforations or the
well screens;
(7)
The locations of the gravel pack, the gravel pack grading, and the amount of
cement grout installed;
(8)
Records of discharge rates and drawdown during well development together

with description of the methods of the development;
(9)
The yield (expressed as discharge rate and drawdown), the dates and the
duration of the test(s);
(10)
The methods of measuring the discharge rate and the drawdown;
(11)
Plumbness test results;
(12)
Water sample analyses results;
(13)
Any further technical information pertinent to the wells and their construction
as required by the Engineer.
The data shall be compiled and bound in a hardback folder to the approval of the
Engineer.
d.
The cost of maintaining records and producing reports shall be deemed to be included in
the prices included in Bid Form.
*****
19 of 19

Submersible Deepwell Pumps
SECTION 2 - SUBMERSIBLE DEEPWELL PUMP

PART 1 GENERAL
1.1
SCOPE
This section covers the submersible deepwell pump installed as indicated on the drawing.
The pumping unit shall be complete with a close coupled, submersible electric motor, inlet
strainer, non return valve, priming screw and all other appurtenances specified or otherwise
required for proper operation.
Equipment furnished and installed under this section shall be fabricated, assembled, erected,
and placed in proper operating condition in full conformity with drawings, specifications,
engineering data, instructions, and recommendations of the equipment manufacturer unless
exceptions are noted by the Owner.
1.2
REFERENCES
Governing Standards. Except as modified or supplemented herein, all equipment and
materials required in this section including their installation shall conform to the applicable
requirements of the following standards. Standards current at the time of tender shall be
used.
1.2.1
American Society for Testing And Materials (ASTM)

A 307
1.2.2
1.2.3
ASME International (ASME)

B1.1
Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread Form)
B16.1
Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
B16.5
Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings NPS 1/2 thru NPS 24
B40.1
Gauges - Pressure Indicating Dial Type - Elastic Element
American Water Works Association (AWWA)

E101
1.2.4
Load Ratings and Fatigue Life for Ball Bearings
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)

MG 1
1.3
Vertical Turbine Pumps - Line Shaft and Submersible Types
American Bearing Manufacturers Association (ABMA)

Std 9
1.2.5
Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60000 PSI Tensile Strength
Motors and Generators
COORDINATION
All equipment included in this section shall be furnished by or through a single

manufacturer who shall be responsible for the design, coordination, and the satisfactory
1 of 4

performance of all the components over the full operation range.

1.4
QUALITY ASSURANCE
1.4.1
BALANCE
All rotating parts shall be accurately machined and shall be in as nearly perfect rotational
balance as practicable. Excessive vibration shall be sufficient cause for rejection of the
equipment. The mass of the unit and its distribution shall be such that resonance at normal
operating speeds is avoided.
1.5
SUBMITTALS
Complete specifications, data, and catalog cuts or drawings covering the submersible pump
and accessories shall be submitted.
1.5.1
Drawings and Data

Complete fabrication, assembly, foundation, and installation drawings, together with
detailed specifications and data covering materials used, parts, devices, and accessories
forming a part of the equipment furnished. The data and specifications for each unit shall
include, but shall not be limited to, the following:
a)
b)
c)
Pumps
(1)
Name of manufacturer.
(2)
Type and model.
(3)
Rotative speed.
(4)
Number of stages.
(5)
Type of bearings.
(6)
Net weight of pump and motor only.
(7)
Complete performance curves showing capacity versus head, h
(8)
NPSH required, efficiency, and kW input.
(9)
Data on shop painting.
Motors
(1)
(2)
Type and model.
(3)
Type of bearings and lubrication.
(4)
Rate size of motor, kW.
(5)
Temperature rating.
(6)
Full load rotative speed.
(7)
Net weight.
(8)
(9)
(10)
Efficiency at full load and rated pump condition.

Full load current.
Locked rotor current.
Control Panel and Components.

(1)
(2)
Type and model.
(3)
Dimensions and net weight of complete panel.
(4)
Overcurrent characteristics and details of motor control.
2 of 4

1.5.2
OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE MANUALS/CHARTS AND SPARE PARTS DATA

Upon submission of shop drawings and prior to the shipment of the equipment,
submit three (3) preliminary copies of operations and maintenance manuals for
preliminary review by the Owner.
Final copies of operations and maintenance manuals/charts and spare parts data shall be
submitted in accordance with the requirements set forth at the Conditions of Contract.
1.6
PROJECT CONDITIONS
1.6.1
POWER SUPPLY
Power supply to equipment shall be as indicated on the drawing.
1.6.2
INSTRUCTIONS AND TRAINING ON OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

Contractor shall provide instructions and training for the staff to be assigned in the operation
and maintenance of the equipment specified under this section. Training and instructions
shall be in accordance with the requirements set forth at the Conditions of Contract.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1
SUBMERSIBLE DEEPWELL PUMP

The Contractor shall furnish and install, as shown on the drawings as described in these
specifications, a submersible multi-stage vertical turbine pump capable of delivering 120
gallons per minute (gpm) against a total dynamic head (TDH) of 300 feet.
The pump shall be coupled to a 3 phase, 3500 rpm, 60 cycle, 230 volts, submersible motor.
The motor shall not be less than 15 hp and of such size that will operate continuously
without exceeding its hp rating, exclusive of service factor, at a design capacity and head.
Motor shall of the squirrel cage induction type, suitable for reduce voltage type starting.
The motor shall be capable of continuous operation under water at the conditions specified.
The power output shaft shall be of stainless steel equivalent corrosion resistant material.
Pump Motor Coupling shall be of 416 stainless steel and shall be capable of transmitting the
total torque to the unit, regardless of the direction rotation.
Pump Bowl Assembly shall include bowls made of close grained cast iron, free from blow
holes, sand holes or other detrimental defects, with a tensile strength of 30,000 psi. Each
intermediate bowl shall be constructed with bronze bearing and a neoprene bearing to
support the impeller shaft. These dual bearings shall provide the longest possible shaft
life, based on the widest range of pumping pressure at the rated capacity or 1.5 times the
shutoff head, whichever is greater. Impellers shall be the enclosed type with sufficient skirt
material, thickness to enable repair and restoration of proper running clearances by
installation of wearings. The impeller shaft shall be made of 416 stainless steel. Each
impeller shall be made of bronze, accurately machined and finished, and suitably balanced.
Each impeller shall be securely fastened to the shaft with a taper lock busing. The bowl
shall include a side seal at the impeller skirt and, in addition, a resilient neoprene ring,
reinforced with an embedded steel core, installed directly below the impeller skirt. This
durable, resilient lateral bowl wearing shall protect the end of the impeller skirt against
wear from entrained abrasives. The close running clearance between the impeller skirt and
the lateral bowl wearing shall provide sustained protection against bowl re-circulation and
consequent reductions in efficiency. The bowl unit shall include a bearing to carry the
momentary upthrust encountered at start-up.
3 of 4

The bowl unit shall include metal guard to protect the motor cable from abrasion during
installation.
Inter-connector made of close grade cast iron, shall couple the bowl unit to the motor. The
inter-connector shall include a bronze sleeve bearing with a length to shaft diameter ratio of
at least 3:1 labyrinth type sand slinger. The inter-connector shall completely enclose the
upper motor end bell to protect the coupling and motor seal from abrasives. The interconnector shall include a suction screen which has a net open area at least four time the
area of the eye of the impeller. The screen shall be made of corrosion resistant material.
Surface Plate (pump base) shall be made of fabricated steel. It shall rigidly support the total
weight of the motor, bowl assembly, column pipe, cable and column of water. The cable
outlet shall be designed to prevent entry of foreign matter into the well and shall be
equipped with a cable seal.
Drop Pipe threaded and coupled, shall conform to American Standard tapered pipe thread
specifications. The pipe shall be sized so that flow velocities are not less than 4 feet per
second nor more than 15 feet per second. The drop pipe may be furnished in random
lengths.
Submersible Cable shall be sized to limit the voltage drop of 5% at the motors terminals.
Three (3) separate conductors shall be furnished. Each conductor shall be jacketed or the
conductors may be included in a single jacketed assembly. The conductor insulation shall
be water and oil resistant, suitable for continuous immersion.
The length of the cable to be furnished shall be sum of (a) total pump setting, including bowl
unit (b) plus one foot for each 50 feet of setting to compensate for possible twist or sag
during installation, (c) plus additional length to extend from the surface plate to the pumping
plant panel. The cable will be suitably supported from the column. All cable fittings and
terminals shall be water tights at the pressure encountered in the application.
Motor Control mounted in an indoor type NEMA-1 cabinet shall include: Hand-off automatic
selector switch, start-stop push button, standard magnetic contractor and three ambient
compensated adjustable ambient compensated quick-trip overload relays suitable for
submersible pump motor service.
2.2
MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

The submersible deepwell pumps including accessories shall not be measured separately
since it will form part of the Pay-item 3.1 (Deepwell Development).
******
4 of 4

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Bicol International Airport Development Project

Section VI- Technical Specification

ITEM 100 - CLEARING AND GRUBBING

Clearing and Grubbing

Individual Removal of Trees or Stumps

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Diameter at height of 1.4 m

Pay Item Designation

Over 150 mm to 900 mm

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SECTION 101 - REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES AND OBSTRUCTIONS

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ITEM 102 EXCAVATION

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Utilization of Excavated Materials

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ITEM 103 - STRUCTURE EXCAVATION

General, all structure.

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Utilization of Excavated Materials

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Backfill and Embankment for Structures Other than Pipe Culverts

Bedding, Backfill and Embankment for Pipe Culverts

Bicol International Airport Development Project

ITEM 104 - EMBANKMENT

Materials containing detrimental quantities of

organic materials, such as grass, roots

Highly organic soils such as peat and muck.

Soils with a natural water content exceeding 100%.

Soils with very low natural density, 800 kg/m or lower.

Soils that can not be properly compacted as determined by the Engineer.

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Bicol International Airport Development Project

Protection of Roadbed Construction

Rounding and Warping Slopes

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rounded above the rock as done in earth slopes.

Finishing Roadbed and Slopes

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ITEM 105 - SUBGRADE PREPARATION

Subgrade in Common Excavation

Protection of Completed Work

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Measurement of Items for payment shall be provided only for:

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ITEM 106 - COMPACTION EQUIPMENT AND DENSITY CONTROL STRIPS

Construction of Control Strips and Determination of Target Density

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A change in the material or job-mix formula is made.

PART F- BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION

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Part F- Bridge Construction

ITEM 404 - REINFORCING STEEL

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Part F- Bridge Construction

Placing and Fastening

Lapping of Bar Mat

Bicol International Airport Development Project

Part F- Bridge Construction

mass specified shall be measured for payment.

Bicol International Airport Development Project

Part F- Bridge Construction

ITEM 405 - STRUCTURAL CONCRETE

Classes and Uses of Concrete