Manual - Epic III - Screen - Eng - v1.0 r4 PDF

EPIC III Flktbus
Operators Manual and Installation Instructions
Power Service
Page 1
Preface
Preface
EPIC III the ESP controller of the future
This Operators and Installation Manual for EPIC III contains information
for all groups of users from the installation and commissioning to daily operation and tuning of the cleaning process. In addition this manulal has an
appendix with the FlktBus Manual.
ALSTOM Power reserves the right to revise any publication and to make changes to its contents, at any time,
without obligation to notify any person or entity of such revision or changes. Furthermore, ALSTOM Power
reserves the right to make changes to any and all parts of hardware and software, at any time, without obligation to notify any person or entity of such changes.
Page 2
Preface
Page 1
Contents
Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................... 3
1.1. EPIC III system ........................................... 3
1.2. EPIC III controller ....................................... 3
2. The EPIC menu system .................................... 7
2.1. [Operation] .................................................. 8
2.2. [Readings] ................................................... 9
2.3. [Alarm Table] ............................................ 10
2.4. [Master] ..................................................... 11
2.5. [Process settings] ..................................... 12
2.6. [Set Up Menu] ........................................... 13
2.7. [Inputs] ...................................................... 17
2.8. [ESP] ......................................................... 17
2.9. [EPOQ] ..................................................... 17
2.10.[VI-curve] .................................................. 19
2.11.[Diagnostics] ............................................. 20
2.12.[Tests] ....................................................... 21
2.13.[Save settings] .......................................... 22
3. Installation ....................................................... 23
3.1. General ..................................................... 23
3.2. Assembly rules ......................................... 23
3.3. Connection ................................................ 23
4. First start up (including initial set up) ........... 25
4.1. General instructions .................................. 25
4.2. Initial checks to avoid damage .................. 25
4.3. Power up self test ..................................... 26
4.4. Set up of configuration parameters ........... 26
4.5. Digital alarm test ....................................... 30
4.6. Ignition phase test ..................................... 30
4.7. First start up .............................................. 32
4.8. T/R short circuit test .................................. 33
4.9. I/O groups etc. .......................................... 34
5. Tuning of ESP operation ................................ 35
5.1. Spark settings ........................................... 35
5.2. Process parameters .................................. 35
5.3. [Process settings] ..................................... 35
6. Daily operation ................................................ 37
6.1. ESP-Master operation .............................. 37
6.2. Operation of single T/Rs ........................... 37
7. Function descriptions .................................... 39
7.1. General measurements and control ......... 39
7.2. Spark detection and control ...................... 40
7.3. Password function .................................... 45
7.4.
7.5.
7.6.
7.7.
Copy settings ............................................ 46

[Save settings] .......................................... 47
ESP Master function ................................. 48
EPOQ - Electrostatic Precipitator
Optimizing Q algorithm 49
7.8. OpOpt - Opacity optimization algorithm .... 52
7.9. VI-curve function ...................................... 55
7.10.I/O groups and auxiliary inputs ................. 60
7.11.Timer functions ......................................... 69
8. Variable list ..................................................... 81
9. Trouble shooting ............................................ 91
9.1. Alarm messages ....................................... 91
9.2. Alarm messages list ................................. 92
9.3. External alarms ........................................ 96
9.4. Other faults ............................................... 96
9.5. Diagnostics windows ................................ 97
9.6. Test windows ............................................ 98
9.7. Program update ...................................... 100
9.8. Warranty & Repair Service ..................... 101
10.Technical data .............................................. 103
10.1.General ................................................... 103
10.2.Analog inputs .......................................... 104
10.3.Analog outputs ....................................... 105
10.4.Digital inputs ........................................... 105
10.5.Digital outputs ......................................... 107
10.6.Power supply .......................................... 107
10.7.Communication ...................................... 107
10.8.Front panel LEDs ................................... 108
11.Word list ....................................................... 109
Appendices
EPIC III settings ......................................... 1 page
Mounting drawing EPIC III (V4 559 883) .... 1 page
Mounting drawing ignition
transformer (V3632136) ............................. 1 page
Connection diagram, example (V3635661) 1 page
Declaration of conformity ........................... 1 page
FlktBus manual .......................................4 pages
Page 2
Contents
Page 3
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
1.1. EPIC III system
The EPIC III (Electrostatic Precipitator Integrated Controller) system is an
ALSTOM Power third generation microprocessor based control system for
electrostatic precipitators. With a separate control unit and display unit, a
new degree of design freedom is achieved.
The new EPIC III concept consists of two major components of which only
one is needed for basic operation.
EPIC III main unit, includes all processing power.

Remote Terminal Unit (RTU), needed only as an operator interface.
One RTU can serve as the operator interface for many EPICs
To host
computer
ProMo
RTU
Gateway II
Not to be used
with EFFIC
RTU
FlktBus
1
13
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13
13
13
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12
24
12
24
12
24
12
24
25
41
25
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25
41
25
41
25
41
25
41
EFFIC Fabric Filter Control

40
56
25
41
40
56
40
56
25
41
40
56
POWER
40
56
25
41
40
56
POWER
ALARM
56
56
25
41
40
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56
25
41
40
56
ALARM
SPARK
TOKEN
SPARK
TOKEN
TRON
TOKEN
TRON
SYNC
TRON
SYNC
RTU
POWER
ALARM
SPARK
ON
NETWORK
40
POWER
ALARM
RTU
ON
NETWORK
40
POWER
SYNC
RTU
ON
NETWORK
41
TRON
SYNC
RTU
56
TOKEN
TRON
SYNC
40
SPARK
TOKEN
TRON
25
ALARM
SPARK
TOKEN
40
POWER
ALARM
SPARK
ON
NETWORK
SYNC
RTU
RTU
ON
NETWORK
ON
NETWORK
EPIC III Control unit for T/R\s
EFFIC Control unit for Fabric filter

FF
ES
EPICAB
Control of
T/R, rappers,
heaters etc.
SIR
HV energization
and control of
appers, heaters etc
Conventional T/R
ProMo, colour graphic software package, host computer gateways with software protocol is available as an option.
1.2. EPIC III controller

The EPIC III is a microprocessor based unit for regulation and control of the
electric power input to electrostatic precipitators. The EPIC III maintains the
spark rate at a suitable level for large variations of gas temperature, dust
composition, gas flow, etc. It regulates the rectifier in such a way that the
current through the electrostatic precipitator is corrected as the conditions for
sparking change. The whole operation can be monitored by the RTU, ProMo
and host computers.
Page 4
1. Introduction
The EPIC III gives alarm messages to the operator when values are lower or
higher than set, if one or several alarm contacts are activated etc. All alarm
messages are displayed on and may be reset from RTU, ProMo, etc.
Six operating modes can be predefined and then selected for each individual
EPIC III.
The EPIC III has a Master function which means that one EPIC III, defined
as master unit, can control all EPIC IIIs in the FlktBus system and achieve
greater total ESP performance.
Operation together with the optional EPOQ algorithm, Electrostatic Precipitator Optimizing Q, optimizes the best collection efficiency at different load
conditions.
The EPIC III contains one circuit board mounted in the enclosure. The circuit board holds all functions needed for the complete controller:
13
12
24
25
41
40
56
POWER
ALARM
SPARK
TOKE
TRON
SYNC
RTU
1.2.1.
25
41
40
56
ON
NETWOR
Power Supply feed from 24V AC or DC.

One 16 bit Microprocessor with software.
Data acquisition analog and digital.
Analogue outputs (kV, mA)
Ignition circuits for the SCR.
Non-Volatile Memory (EEPROM, no battery
needed) for storing of system parameters.
Non-Volatile Memory (FLASH) for storage of
control software.
Real Time Clock (capacitor backed, no battery
needed).
Field Bus Communication (FlktBus) for communication with RTU, ProMo, Gateway and other
connected EPIC III units.
Ethernet kit will be available.
Front panel
There are several LEDs on the front panel indicating the status of the
EPIC III. Status information can also be obtained from other equipment like
RTU (Remote Terminal Unit), ProMo etc.
Page 5
1. Introduction
POWER
Power from the +5 V power supply unit is OK
ALARM
Indicates during all alarm conditions

Lit = tripping alarm
Flicking = warning alarm
ALARM
SPARK
One flicking for each detected spark
SPARK
TOKEN
Flicking during communication over FlktBus

No flicking = no communication
TRON
T/R ON
Indicates if the main contactor and T/R is ON.
SYNC
SYNC
Indicates when EPIC is locked to line frequency.
POWER
13
TOKEN
12
24
25
41
40
56
POWER
ALARM
SPARK
TOKEN
TRON
SYNC
RTU
25
41
40
56
ON
NETWO
RK
RTU
RTU connector Service connector with power and FlktBus

for one RTU used at first start-up and during
trouble shooting.
NETWORK
ON
NETWORK
ON = (Normal position) EPIC connected to external FlktBus network

and to the RTU connector above.
OFF = (For test and maintenance)
EPIC is only connected to the RTU
connector.
All terminals on the left-hand side of EPIC III are made through plug-in terminals. This arrangement makes service fast by swapping a unit without having to unscrew all the wires. For all information about the hardware input/
output of both analog and digital signals, see section 10. Technical data on
page 103.
Page 6
1. Introduction
Page 7
2. The EPIC menu system

The following pages describe all windows in EPIC III displayed by using an
RTU. All names between brackets [ ] are menus containing parameters. At
the beginning of this chapter there is a chart of all windows as they appear in
the RTU. It is recommended to read the text below, as well as studying the
Window structure chart. For detailed information about each parameters,
see section 8. Variable list on page 81.
Operation
Process
settings
Mode 1
Readings
Set Up Menu
Diagnostics
Master
Tests
T/R
Mode 2
System
Mode 3
Alarm
Mode 4
Alarm
I/O Groups
Mode 5
Inputs
Mode 6
ESP
Spark
settings
EPOQ
VI-curve
VI-Curve Set.
Figure 1. Explanation of EPIC III window structure
Page 8
2.1. [Operation]
The [Operation] menu consists of the most important parameters for daily
operation and control of EPIC III.
2.1.1.
[Operation]
The left side of this window have parameters which controls the operation
such as, T/R ON or OFF and selection of different control modes. The Limiter parameter informs the operator why EPIC III is unable to increase the
power to the ESP. The Reset function will only be displayed when an alarm
is active. The Active CL shows the present current limit and the Active CR
shows the present charging ratio the EPIC III is using for the moment
The right side of the window shows measured variables.
2.1.2.
[Active Settings]
This window displays the parameters of the active mode selected in the
[Operation] window above. All parameters in this window can be changed
during operation. The actual mode will also be updated in [Mode Settings] at
the same time.
Page 9
2.2. [Readings]
The [Readings] menu displays measured values. The values are updated continually to give you the actual status of your system.
2.2.1.
[Prim. readings]
The [Prim. Readings] window displays measured values on the primary side.
2.2.2.
[Sec. readings]
The [Sec. readings] window shows all measured information on the secondary side.
2.2.3.
[Readings sparks]
The [Readings sparks] window shows all measured information about
sparks.
Page 10
2.3. [Alarm Table]

The [Alarm Table] consists of the most common alarms EPIC III can indicate. It contains both W = warning and T = tripping alarm. The warning
alarm informs that something is wrong and the tripping alarm turns the T/R
OFF. When there is an alarm situation an alarm message will be displayed on
the RTU, see section 9. Trouble shooting on page 91 for explanation of each
alarm. The alarm message must either be Acknowledged - which means that
the alarm is noticed by the operator and the alarm message is turned off, but
the alarm is still active - or Reset - which means that the alarm will disappear
if the error has disappeared. See the RTU manual for further information
about the alarm windows.
2.3.1.
[Alarm Table 1-5]

In the [Alarm Table] all active alarms are marked with a black box (n) at the
right. When all alarms have been thoroughly checked they must be Reset.
The Reset function is placed under the [Operation] menu in [Operation] window. Each alarm situation follows by an alarm message containing the most
important information needed. See section 9. Trouble shooting on page 91
for an explanation of alarms.
IoGrp 1
IoGrp 2
IoGrp 3
IoGrp 4
DigAux1
DigAux2
DigAux3
DigAux4
Cont.
Page 11
2.4. [Master]
The [Master] window is for Master function only. A Master EPIC can control and operate part of or all connected EPIC III units in a network.
2.4.1.
[ESP-Master]
This window displays the total number of connected T/Rs and the total
number of different alarm status. All EPIC III can be globally changed for
example, all active alarm situations can be reset, the active mode can be globally changed, all EPIC III can be switched off, etc.
The Opacity Optimizing command activates or deactivates the Opacity

optimizing algorithm, the OpOpt.
Note!
In each slave EPIC that shall be activated from the master unit the
Opacity controlled in the [Process settings] [Mode #] RTU-window has
to be set to ON.
In addition, this window shows the total power consumption.

The ESP-Master must know the lowest and highest address of connected
EPIC III units. The master will only control those EPICs within the limit.
This limit decides also which units the OpOpt will optimize.
Page 12
2.4.2.
[Opacity optim.]
This window contains Opacity optimizing set-up parameters, see heading
7.8. OpOpt - Opacity optimization algorithm on page 52 for detailed information.
2.5. [Process settings]

[Process settings] contains six identical blocks of parameters. Each block is
called a Mode since it gives EPIC III a certain mode of operation, when it
is active. The modes have different numbers and need to be pre-set with optimal parameter settings for the actual T/R to be able to give correct operation.
All parameters in each mode can be manually changed during normal operation or in advance to achieve the required operation after a mode change.
2.5.1.
[Settings Mode #]
These modes can be set to different operating conditions such as different
Semipulse charging ratios and with EPOQ optimization on or off.
2.5.2.
[Spark settings]
The [Spark settings] window contains settings of the parameters that define
the spark detection, quenching and level following functions. These settings
can be manually changed during operation to optimize the precipitator operation.
Page 13
Three more parameters concerning sparks are available in each operation

mode block.
2.5.3.
[Spark levels]
The normal sensing method is voltage sensing but current sensing can be
used if the kV-signal is not available.
2.6. [Set Up Menu]

The [Set Up Menu] is used mostly during the installation and first start-up of
the EPIC III. All variables and other settings which define basic data of the
T/R and the precipitator are collected here.
Page 14
2.6.1.
[T/R]
2.6.1.1.
[Set up T/R Limit]

The [Set up T/R Limit] windows contain settings of different alarm and control limits that are set according to the T/R and ESP limitations
2.6.1.2.
[Set up T/R Ratio]

The [Set up T/R Ratio] window informs EPIC III about the conversion ratios
for primary and secondary values of voltage and current.
2.6.2.
2.6.2.1.
[Set up system]
In the [Set up system] menu all parameters are collected which are important
for system set up such as, date, time, unit address etc.
[Copy settings]
This window restores the default values or copy values from other EPIC III
controllers on the net. This means that all field made settings will be lost.
The restore function is supplied as a method to erase bad data in the parameter memory. After use of this restore function the set up part of the installation has to be made again.
Page 15
A convenient and time saving function is the node copy function. This function allows you to transfer all parameter values from a specific EPIC III controller. Select the node address of an installed EPIC III that you will copy
and press Node.
Note!
The copy function can only transfer parameters from other EPIC III
controllers, see heading 7.4. Copy settings on page 46.
2.6.3.
[Set Up Alarms]
This menu contains settings of the polarity of digital alarm input and output.
Digital inputs number DI04-DI10 can be set individually to activate an alarm
when they go high (24V) or low (0V).
2.6.4.
[Set up I/O Groups]

This menu contains all parameters for control of I/O groups, see heading
7.10. I/O groups and auxiliary inputs on page 60.
Page 16
2.6.4.1.
[Group configuration]
This window contains configuration of I/O groups, see heading 7.10.2. Control description on page 60.
2.6.4.2.
[Timers 1-3], [Timers 4-6]

These two window contains configuration of timers, see heading 7.10.13.
[Timer1-6] on page 66.
2.6.4.3.
[Power control]
This window contains settings for power change control, see heading
7.10.6.1. Power control Rapping (PCR) on page 64.
Page 17
2.7. [Inputs]
This window contains settings for auxiliary digital inputs, see heading
7.10.14. Auxiliary Digital Inputs on page 66.
2.8. [ESP]
The [ESP] window informs EPIC III about the T/R location and the collecting plate area. These are used by EPIC III in calculations and in automatic
procedures.
2.9. [EPOQ]
This menu contains the Electrostatic Precipitator Optimizing Q algorithm.
(EPOQ) settings. It selects automatically the best possible intermittent energization (Semipulse ) ratio and current based on on-line measurements of
the ESP. For more information, see heading 7.7.3. EPOQ Set up on page 51.
Page 18
The EPOQ function contains the following three RTU windows:
Page 19
2.10. [VI-curve]
The VI-curve window is used for analysing of Electrostatic Precipitator
operation, see heading 7.9.2. Window structure overview on page 55.
2.10.0.1. [VI Curve]
This window contains the control of the VI-curve function. It also shows
information about the latest collection.
2.10.0.2. [VI-Curve Graph]

This window presents graphs of the latest collection.
90.0
2.10.0.3. [Settings]
This window contains different settings that affect the measurement.
Page 20
2.11. [Diagnostics]
2.11.1. [Communication stats.]
The [Communication stats.] window is used for monitoring of communication status, see heading 9.5.1. [Communication stats.] on page 97.
Page 21
2.12. [Tests]
The [Tests] menu is for trouble shooting, see heading 9.6. Test windows on
page 98.
The Test functions contains the following RTU windows:
Page 22
2.13. [Save settings]

All changes of parameters must be saved with this function if they should be
remembered even after a power down. The function monitors if any changes
have been made since last saving by showing Changes or No changes.
See heading 7.5. [Save settings] on page 48.
See section 8. Variable list on page 81 for indication of which parameter that
is saved.
Unit address and unit name is always automatically saved when changed.
Page 23
3. Installation
3. Installation
3.1. General
EPIC III is very simple to install since all electronic components are gathered in one box, even the SCR ignition circuits.
For mechanical mounting, dimensions and instructions see Appendix.
One ignition transformer is delivered with every EPIC III unit. Measurement
transformers for primary current and voltage is available as an option.
3.2. Assembly rules

There are a few simple rules for installation of EPIC III.
1.
EPIC III must be installed close to the SCRs.
2.
Make sure that EPIC III is properly grounded directly in the mounting
plate with the mounting screws.
3.
The pair of twisted cables from the ignition board must not be increased
in length. See Appendix.
4.
The measuring cables for secondary current and secondary voltage must
be pair twisted and shielded. The shield must be grounded at both ends.
13
12
24
25
41
40
56
25
41
40
56
POWER
ALARM
SPARK
TOKEN
TRON
SYNC
RTU
ON
NETWOR
3.3. Connection
For reference purposes one example drawing of the connection between
EPIC III and T/R is supplied in the Appendix. This drawing is generally used
as a basic drawing for the design of the actual plant drawings.
For installation and trouble shooting, please refer to the actual plant drawings.
Page 24
3. Installation
For an explanation of all input and output terminals, see section 10. Technical data on page 103. All wires are connected to jackable terminal connectors.
The terminals can take wires from 0,5 to 2,5 mm2.
Page 25
4. First start up (including initial set up)

This chapter is a step by step instruction of how to make the first start up of
EPIC III.
4.1. General instructions

The EPIC III must have been correctly installed before start up, See section
3. Installation on page 23. In order to understand this chapter you must be
familiar with the RTU, If you do not know how to use an RTU, please read
the RTU manual.
The necessary equipment for start up comprises:
One hand held RTU, which has been correctly set up.
Voltage meter
Oscilloscope
Network node address list
Circuit diagram of the installation.
4.2. Initial checks to avoid damage

Before you turn on the mains you must be sure that the EPIC III has been
correctly installed. The following steps ensures that all voltage inputs are
correct in order to prevent damage to EPIC III.
Do as follows:
1.
Make sure that the mains power supply is switched off. Disconnect the
six jackable terminal connectors terminal 1-72 where all the wires to the
EPIC III are connected.
2.
Switch on the mains power supply.
3.
Measure the power supply between terminal 1 and 13.

The Power supply must be 24 V AC or DC 15%.
4.
Measure the Primary line voltage from the measuring transformer

between terminal 10 and 22. The Primary line voltage is normally
5 V AC at nominal line voltage.
5.
Switch off the mains power supply.
6.
Reconnect all terminal connectors to EPIC III.
Page 26
4.3. Power up self test

1.
Turn the NETWORK switch to OFF position and connect the RTU to the
front of EPIC III.
2.
Switch on the mains power supply. The POWER LED will light up and
remain lit as long as the EPIC III is in operation.
Both EPIC III and RTU commence operation with a self test.
The self test on EPIC III starts to test all LEDs one by one on the front
panel. The light will run from the ALARM LED the SYNC LED.
3.
Check that the TOKEN LED starts to blink when the RTU self test is
ready. If it doesnt start to blink, check the node addresses (all nodes
must have unique addresses).
4.
If an external alarm is displayed such as Temperature high, T/R

Tripped just acknowledge the alarm. This will be taken care of under
Digital alarm test later in this chapter.
4.4. Set up of configuration parameters

The EPIC III has to be set to correct values to ensure proper operation of the
ESP. All parameters concerning the T/R operation and its location in the ESP
must be set up before first start up. The following pages will guide you
through the different parameters and explain its function. All names between
brackets [ ] are menus displayed on the RTU which contain the parameters.
Note!
A time saving function is the node copy function. This function lets
you copy parameters from an already installed EPIC III. See heading
7.4. Copy settings on page 46.
You need to know the actual passwords for the hand-held RTU. Each unit are
delivered with following password levels: Low= 0001, Medium = 0002 and
High = 0470. You also need the Network node address list compiled by
ALSTOM Power. For detailed information of each parameter, see section 8.
Variable list on page 81.
4.4.1.
[Set Up] [System], defining the position in the FlktBus network

After the power up self test the RTU displays the [Node list]. This list contains two nodes, the home RTU and the EPIC III.
To display the [Set Up] [System] window do as follows:
1.
Select the EPIC III unit.
2.
The [Main menu] is now displayed. Select Set up.
3.
The [Set Up] menu is now displayed. Select System.
4.
The [System] window is now displayed.
Page 27
This window displays five parameters and the actual program version:
Only used if this unit is

to serve as master for
other EPICson the
network.
Select Date. Set actual day, month and year.

5.
Select Time. Set actual time.
6.
Select Language on the EPIC III. This setting has to be made on the
RTU first. If the language settings on the RTU and the EPIC III are not
the same, English will automatically be selected on both the RTU and
the EPIC III. Language codes are shown below:
Language
Code
(English
0)
Swedish
German
Danish
Spanish
Czech
Polish
Russian
Finnish
French
Japanese
10
Dutch
11
Portuguese
12
Bulgarian
13
Note!
All languages are not implemented. If a not implemented language is
selected, the following error message will appear: The parameter is
temporarily blocked!
7.
Select Name.
Enter the name of this EPIC from the Network node address list.
8.
Select Address. Enter the new address from Network node address
list.
Note!
When the address parameter is changed the RTU will give an error
Page 28
message and return to the [Node list] and display the EPIC III with its
new address.
Shortly after pressing OK an error message is displayed.

************ERROR ************
The selected node is no longer
present on the net!
The error message is displayed because there is no longer a node with the old
address. Press OK and the RTU returns to the [Node list]. After a short delay
the EPIC III will display its new name and address in the node list.
4.4.2.
4.4.2.1.
[Set Up] [T/R]: defining the T/R and ESP

Further on from this point each parameter will only be indicated by its name
as it appears in the RTU, and a short explanation of its function. However all
parameters have to be set to correct values to ensure proper operation of the
ESP.
[Set-up] [T/R] [Limit]
Pr. curr limit rms: Trip
This is the maximum allowed primary current for the T/R. EPIC III will try
to keep the current below this value during all control situations, if this is not
possible the T/R will trip.
Voltage limit ave: Low warning
This warning alarm will give an alarm message if the secondary voltage to
the ESP stays below this limit for more than 30 sec.
Voltage limit ave: Low trip
This trip alarm will trip the T/R and give an alarm message if the secondary
voltage stays below this limit for more than 30 sec.
Voltage limit ave: High trip
This trip alarm will trip the T/R and give an alarm message if the secondary
voltage stays above this limit for more than 1 sec.
Av. Curr. max.
This is normally the rated value for the T/R.
Ign. ang. lim.
This should normally be 100 %. Lower values can, however, be used during
start-up.
Idle cur. lim.
This should normally be 0 mA.
Page 29
4.4.2.2.
[Set Up] [T/R] [Ratio]

Line volt. xformer
This is the rated primary voltage of the measurement transformer actually in
use. It normally converts the line nominal voltage to 5V. It is possible to use
transformers that convert a higher voltage, than line voltage (mains input), to
5 V but it will degrade measurement accuracy.
Prim curr. xformer
This is the rated primary current of the actual used measurement transformer.
It normally converts the T/R rated primary current to 1 A. It is possible to use
transformers that convert a higher current, than T/R rated primary current, to
1 A, but it will degrade measurement accuracy.
Sec. volt. ser. res.
This is the T/R rated secondary average voltage at rated ESP load. Enter the
voltage that gives 0.4 mA input to EPIC III.
Sec. curr. shunt
This is the rated secondary average current. Enter the current that gives 1V
input to EPIC III.
Prim Curr adjustm.
An offset trim variable to get 0.0 A during High voltage OFF.
4.4.2.3.
[Set Up] [ESP]

Position: Field/cell
This is the T/R position in the ESP indicated by letters and numbers. The
lengthwise position is indicated by a letter A,B......where A is closest to the
dust inlet and the crosswise position is indicated by numbers 1,2,.....where 1
is to the left if you are facing the dust stream of the ESP.
Page 30
61
62
63
64
65
51
52
53
54
55
Flow
41
42
43
44
45
A
B
Master
Recommended
node addresses
EPIC III 11-99
RTU
100-109
Gateway 110-119
ProMo 120-125
31
32
33
34
35
21
22
23
24
25
11
12
13
14
15
A
B
Master
Flow
Figure 2. Node addresses and field/cell position (in bold text)
Position: Collector area

This is the collector area the T/R is connected to. The area includes both
plate sides.
4.5. Digital alarm test

At this point during the start up of the EPIC III it is important to test the digital alarm signals to the EPIC III. If they are wrong they may invalidate the
rest of the start up and may also be unable to indicate alarm situations during
start up.
The digital alarms are connected to Digital Input DI 04 to DI 10, see section
10. Technical data on page 103. The actual installation may use all or some
of these inputs. Check each input one by one by activating the alarm sensor
and observe the alarm message on the RTU. If the default setting of an alarm
input has the wrong active level it is possible to change the active level of the
alarm input in window [SET UP][ALARM].
Note!
If changes of parameters are made remember to save settings.
4.6. Ignition phase test

To make sure that the installation is correct in phase it is absolutely necessary to do a phase check before normal T/R operation. This is done to ensure
that each SCR (thyristor) is ignited in the correct phase, when it has higher
voltage on the anode than on the cathode. Carry out the following test:
Page 31
4.6.1.
Light bulb test

1. Turn off power to the cubicle with the mains switch. Follow the local
safety instructions of the plant!
2.
Disconnect the power cables between the control cubicle and the T/R
and connect light bulbs in place of T/R. The light bulbs have to withstand the full line voltage.
3.
Turn on power to the cubicle. Follow the local safety instructions of the
plant!
4.
Set temporarily Voltage limit low warning = 0, Voltage limit low trip =
0 and Ignition angle limit = 30 % in [Set Up] [T/R]
5.
Set temporarily Arc det. level = 0 in [Process settings] [Spark settings].
6.
Turn on the ignition by High voltage ON in [Operation].
7.
Check that the power to the light bulbs is controllable by setting Ignition
angle limit to values between 1 and 100%. If so the phase is okay, continue with point 10.
8.
If the light does not change it is probably because the phase reference is
shifted 180 . This can be corrected by switching the reference voltage
to the EPIC III as follows:
A. Turn off power to the cubicle with the mains switch.
Follow local safety instructions!
B. Swap the wires to EPIC III terminal 10 and 22 (Primary line voltage
transformer input). This is the phase reference to the EPIC III.
C. Repeat from point 3 above.
9.
Turn off power to the cubicle with the mains switch. Follow the local
safety instructions of the plant! The temporary settings in EPIC III are
lost.
10. Disconnect the light bulbs and connect power cables to the T/R.
11. Turn on power to the cubicle. Follow the local safety instructions of the
plant!
Page 32
4.7. First start up

It is recommended that during the first start up the readings are checked
using a very low current.
1.
Set Mode= START UP in [Operation].
2.
Go to [Operation] [Active set] and make the following settings:

Volt peak limit =
30kV
Current limit =
a low value compared to T/R ratings
Charge ratio =
1:1
EPOQ =
OFF
Rapp Intens.
1
Rapp all
OFF
Spark rate limit =
10 spm
Current step=
15%
Short quenching =
2 pls
Quench mod. =
SHORT
Opacity controlled =
OFF
3.
Go to [Set up] [T/R] and set:

Ignition angle limit =
30%
4.
Turn High voltage ON in [Operation]
5.
Observe the current readings and the Limiter indicator in [Operation].

Current and voltage values should increase until this indicator shows a
limit value.
6.
Increase the limiting parameters one by one until normal operation is

obtained.
7.
Make external measurements and compare the following analog readings on RTU in [Readings]:
Line volt rms
Primary current rms. (Be sure to use a true RMS meter).
Secondary voltage
Secondary current.
Auxiliary (If used).
4.7.1.
Feedback signal quality

The EPIC III performs very sophisticated sampling and calculations based
on the analog signals input to the EPIC III. It is therefore essential that these
signals represent the actual field signal with good accuracy and that the signals are free from distortion and transients.
Use an oscilloscope, not grounded, battery powered and measure over the
two input terminals for each signal to EPIC III. The signals should look as
follows: (60 Hz line frequency)
Page 33
Primary line voltage

[Line volt rms]
Primary current
[Pr.curr rms]
Terminal no: 10, 22
10 ms/ div
Terminal no: 9, 21
Secondary line voltage

[Line volt rms]
10 ms/ div
Secondary current
[Pr.curr rms]
0
0
Terminal no: 8, 20
10 ms/ div
Terminal no: 6, 18
10 ms/ div
8.
Turn High voltage = OFF
9.
Turn off and on the power to the EPIC III to reset temporary test settings on parameters.
4.8. T/R short circuit test

If the manufacturer of the T/R recommends carrying out a short circuit test of
the T/R it is possible to do this using the following procedure.
1.
Set [Set Up] [T/R] [Limit] Voltage limit ave: Low warning and Low
trip = 0 kV to avoid alarms. Do not save the settings.
2.
Set [Process settings] [Spark settings] Arc detection level = 0 kV to

avoid false arc detection. Do not save the settings.
Page 34
3.
Perform short circuit test according to T/R manufacturers specification.
4.
Restore the Voltage limit ave: Low warning and Low trip and Arc detection level to the previous levels by disconnecting the voltage to the
EPIC III.
4.9. I/O groups etc.

It is recommended to control rappers from the EPIC III via the I/O:s in order
to utilize the power change rapping function in EPIC III. For more information, see heading 7.10. I/O groups and auxiliary inputs on page 60.
Note!
If changes of parameters are made remember to save settings.
Page 35
5. Tuning of ESP operation

5.1. Spark settings
See heading 7.2. Spark detection and control on page 40
5.2. Process parameters

EPIC III has six sets of parameters in [Process Settings] each one for use
during different operating conditions. The default data of these modes at
delivery provides an approximate value only. For proper operation of the
actual process must these parameters be tuned at site.
All modes have an identical set of parameters. It is the selected value of the
parameters that determine if the mode is useful for a certain process operation. It is however not necessary to set parameters for more modes than
needed.
5.3. [Process settings]
Each of the six mode blocks above have one set of the following parameters.
5.3.1.
Volt. peak lim.

This parameter should be set to the maximum peak voltage that the precipitator is allowed to operate at during this mode. This is useful for example, to
limit peak voltage below sparking level during start up of ESP.
5.3.2.
Current limit
This parameter limits the pulse current. For charge ratio = 1:1 the same as
the average value on the mA meter. For more information, see heading 7.1.1.
Current measurements on page 39.
5.3.3.
Charging ratio
This parameter controls the Semipulse energization. For example, if the set
value is 1:3 it means that one half period will be fired, but the following two
are not. 1:1 means that each half period will be fired.
Page 36
5.3.4.
EPOQ
This is an algorithm for optimizing the ESP. See section 7. Function descriptions on page 39.
5.3.5.
Rapp. Intens
This parameter makes it possible to prolong the repetition time for the
rappers. The rapping intensity parameter can be set from 1 to 10 and multiplies the repetition time with its assigned value.
5.3.6.
Rapp all
This parameter starts all the rappers in EPIC III.
5.3.7.
Spark rate lim

This parameter limits the number of sparks per minute.
5.3.8.
Current step
This parameter reduces the secondary current after a sparkover. The reduction is in percent of the secondary current at the time of the spark.
5.3.9.
Short quenching
This parameter determines the blocking time in half periods.
5.3.10. Quench mod.

This parameter has three modes: SELF= No quenching after a spark
SHORT= Short quenching time after a spark. SELF + SHORT= Short
quenching only if a spark occurs on two consecutive half periods.
5.3.11. Opacity controlled
The Opacity control for this unit can be activated or deactivated. This
assumes that the Opacity optim. in window [Master] [Opacity] is set to ON
and that this unit is within the ESP address limits for master control.
Remember to save all settings. See heading 7.5. [Save settings] on page 48.
Page 37
6. Daily operation
6. Daily operation
The daily operation assumes that setup has being performed correctly and
also that correct mode settings have being set during tuning of the ESP.
See section 2. The EPIC menu system on page 7 for an overview of all windows in EPIC III displayed by an RTU.
Daily operation is mainly performed from the [ESP-Master] window, controlling all T/Rs at the same time using convenient group commands. If for
some reason one T/R need to be controlled as a single unit this can be performed from the [Operation] window in the actual unit.
6.1. ESP-Master operation

1.
From the [Node List], that always can be reached by repeatedly pressing
the
key, select the EPIC III unit that is appointed master for the
other nodes. This is shown by the indication MU to the right of the unit
name in the [Node list]. If no master is appointed, the MU sign will not
show.
2.
Select [Master] window in the master unit.
3.
Check that the Total corresponds to the actual No. of T/Rs for this ESP.
This shows that the master unit has contact with all other EPIC/SIR controllers.
4.
Select required mode of operation, this will change all T/Rs to selected
mode.
5.
Start all T/Rs with ESP mode = ON command. The T/Rs will start one
by one and begin operation during control of the parameters in selected
mode. Remember that different T/Rs can have different parameters set
for a certain mode.
6.
If the process calls for a change of mode. For example, from Mode 1 to
Mode 2 this is easily done by the Mode change command.
7.
The [ESP-Master] window shows how many units are running in the
actual mode on the right.
8.
Stop of all T/R's is effected by ESP mode = OFF command. The T/Rs
will stop one by one.
6.2. Operation of single T/Rs

If more information about a single T/R is needed or there is a need to control
a T/R separately, this can be done by selecting the actual unit from the [Node
list] and then selecting the appropriate window for the task.
The most common windows for daily operation are,
Page 38
6. Daily operation
6.2.1.
[Operation]
In this window alarms can be reset. The T/R can be individually turned ON
and OFF. The active mode can be individually selected. The reason for any
limitation of current is displayed. The most important measurements are displayed.
6.2.2.
[Operation] [Oper. active set.]

In this window is it possible to change parameters for the mode that is in
operation.
6.2.3.
[Readings] and [Readings spark]

In this window more detailed readings are available.
6.2.4.
[Alarm Table 1-5]

This windows are used to find out which alarms are active - if this has been
forgotten since the alarm message was displayed.
Page 39
7. Function descriptions
7.1. General measurements and control
The measurements are synchronized to the line frequency and all presented
values are averaged over approximately one second. This means that for
instance 100 peak values are averaged in the kVp value at 50Hz and Charging ratio (CR)=1:1, but only 2 values at CR 1:51. For CR values lower than
1:101 the update and average frequency will be equal to the firing frequency
for those values that depend on CR.
7.1.1.
Current measurements
Measurement of secondary current includes Peak, Pulse and Average. These
values are measured as follows:
CR = 1:1
Pulse
Peak
CR = 1:3
Pulse
Average
Peak
Average
Theoretical pulse value is equal the CR rate multiplied with the measured average value
7.1.2.
Voltage measurement
Measurement of secondary voltage includes Average, Peak, and Valley values. These values are measured as follows:
Page 40
Peak
Average
Valley
No load
Normal load
7.1.3.
ON-OFF control
The T/R can easily be switched on and off over the FlktBus using an RTU
or a ProMo.
If power is lost for longer than 200 ms the EPIC IIIs restart routine will
switch High voltage = OFF. This routine prevents unwanted restarts when
power is restored after dropouts > 200 ms. By using an RTU, the High voltage can be switched ON again.
7.1.4.
Current limitation
One of the set up parameters in [Set Up] [T/R] [Set up T/R Limit] is called
Pr. curr. limit rms (Primary Line Current Limit rms [Arms]). It is set to the
T/R rated primary current, using an RTU, during first start up of the T/R. If
primary current tends to rise above this value the EPIC III will first try to
keep it below the limit by reducing the SCR firing angle. If the primary current still stays above the limit for more than 5 seconds the EPIC III will trip
the T/R and display an alarm message.
The delay-time is fixed because all short over-current situations will be handled by the control of ignition angle. When this limit control fails (when the
EPIC III loses control of the SCRs) the EPIC III will trip the contactor.
7.2. Spark detection and control

Sparks are handled by the EPIC III by three different software functions:
7.2.1.
Spark detecting
Spark quenching
Spark level following function:
Spark and arch detecting function

A. Sparks are normally detected from the kV measurement samples (Voltage Method), they are continuously analyzed for slopes that indicates
sparkover. If found, a signal is given to the quenching function to actu-
Page 41
ate proper action.

The Spark sensitivity detector determines how steep the current has to
rise in order to detected as a spark situation. The variable is adjustable
and is defined in kV/ms. It is located under [Process settings] [Spark
settings] [Spark levels] window.
B. Arcs are detected by analyzing the kVv values. Arching is defined as
kVv < Arc detection level continuously for 10 fired periods. (During
Semipulse, one period means one total semipulse cycle.) If arc is
detected, a signal is given to the quenching function to actuate proper
action.
T/R units which only have secondary current measurement feedback can be
controlled by using the Current method instead of the Voltage method. By
doing so only sparks can be detected (no Arcs).
7.2.2.
7.2.2.1.
Spark quenching function

Four methods of quenching are used.
Quench mode = SELF
This method is useful when the spark does not need any explicit quenching
period except the normal time to next firing. Nothing is done by the quenching function. The T/R decreases the current according to settings in
Step act. curr.
Be careful while using this mode since it may cause severe arcing conditions.
The arcs can be studied by the arc counter.
7.2.2.2.
Quench mode = SHORT

This method is useful when the spark always needs a short blocking time.
This quenching time is selectable in half periods from 2 to 9.
During semipulse operation, the next fired pulse will start immediately
after the quenching period. The spark level follower decreases the current
according to settings in Step act. curr.
7.2.2.3.
Quench mode = SELF + SHORT (recommended for general use)

This method is useful when the spark does not normally need any explicit
quenching period, except for the normal time to next firing, but if two sparks
occur on consecutive half periods then short quenching is needed and actuated. The T/R decreases the current according to settings in Step act. curr.
While used, this function should not cause more than 1/10 of double sparks
compared to sparks, else use quench mode = Short.
7.2.2.4.
Arc quenching=1-99
This function takes place when arcs are detected. The quench time is adjustable in half periods from 1 to 99. The Arc quenching function is always active.
Page 42
7.2.3.
Spark level following

The spark level follower is a function that has factory set parameters. Its purpose is to maintain maximum voltage in the ESP. These factory settings can
very often be used without any change at all, but they can be adjusted to suit
the process.
The figure below shows that the spark level follower in the EPIC III raises
the current to the ESP. Consequently the voltage in the ESP will rise and at a
certain level there will be a spark in the ESP. Spark quenching (Short
quenching) then brings the current down to 0 for a short time. The spark
level following function will then re-apply the current again. The current
will, however, not be restored to the same level immediately, but to one step
lower (called current step).
Current
mA
Spark detection
Current step
Spark level
Spark quenching
(Short quenching)
t (s)
From this level the current is set to rise and follow three slopes (slope A, B
and C), see figure below. The slope parameters Slope Rise A, Slope Time A
and Slope Rise C can be changed. Slope Time A determines the time for
slope A as a percentage of the average time between sparks. Slope Rise A
determines the increase in current during slope A as a percentage of the current step.
The parameters for slope B cannot directly be changed by the user. The time
and rise parameters are calculated as follows: after a spark the EPIC III seeks
to establish the same current level as before the spark and in a time equal to
the average time between sparks (Slope Time A + Slope Time B). Most
likely a new spark will occur here (marked with a second spark symbol). If
no spark occurs, slope B continues for a period equal to the period before the
assumed spark. If still no spark occurs, slope B will be succeed by Slope C.
Slope C (Slope Rise C can be set) will raise the current until a spark occurs
or the voltage or current limit for the EPIC III is reached.
Page 43
Limited
Slope rise C
Slope rise A
Current
mA
Slope rise B
Step
t (s)
1
Slope time A
10
Slope
time B
11
12
13
Slope
time B
Sparks are normally detected from the kV measurement which is continuously analysed for negative slopes, indicating sparks. If found, the output is
quenched for a set time (Spark Quenching - 2-9 half-periods). Spark sensitivity determines how steep the slope must be in order to be detected as a spark.
The spark sensitivity detector is adjustable and is defined in kV/ms.
Arcs are detected by analysing the kV measurement. Arcing is defined when
the ESP voltage is continuously lower than the Arc Detection Level for more
than 10 half-periods. If an arc is detected, the output is quenched for a set
time (Arc Quenching 1-99 half-periods in steps of one half-period).
7.2.4.
Spark detection sensitivity tuning

Spark sensitivity can only be adjusted if the precipitator produces sparks. If
the operation conditions are so that maximum T/R output voltage does not
reach the break over voltage, and no sparks are produced, it is possible to
temporarily decrease the distance between emitting and collecting electrode
by insertion of some metal object. Be sure then to follow ESP safety regulations.
The EPIC III can use the secondary voltage or the secondary current for
detecting of sparks. The voltage sensing is selected as default. This is the safest sensing method and shall be used if the T/R provides a kV measuring signal.
Normally the ESP will function using the delivery default setting of spark
sensitivity. If any adjustment is needed, find correct setting as follows:
1.
Select
Quench mode= SHORT.
2.
Set
Ignition angle limit = 100%

Volt peak limit = MAX
Current limit = MAX
Charging ratio = 1:11
3.
Start T/R and observe that the Limiter = SPARK.
Page 44
4.
Make the spark detector more and more sensitive by setting lower and
lower values on Spark sensitivity* (kV/ms) until normal voltage shapes
are falsely detected as sparks. This is the situation when the spark level
in kV or mA is decreasing and dependent on the setting of Spark sensitivity.
5.
Write down the value of Spark sensitivity* (false det.) where false detection starts.
6.
Set
7.
Make the spark detector less and less sensitive by setting higher and
higher values on Spark sensitivity* (kV/ms) until the sparks in the ESP
are not detected. This is the situation when the primary and secondary
current makes abrupt increasing jumps for short periods. Easiest to see
on analog panel meters.
8.
Write down the value on Spark sensitivity* (kV/ms) (no det.) where no
detection starts.
9.
Set Spark sensitivity to the average between Spark sensitivity* (false

det.) and Spark sensitivity (no det.) achieved above.
Charging ratio = 1:1
10. Restore the previous settings except Spark sensitivity* and then remember to save the changes in window [Save settings].
* or Level (0-32) if current sensing method is used.
7.2.5.
Spark quenching tuning

Which quench mode is best for a certain application has to be found with
process tests, but can be generally ascertained by:
Quench mode = SHORT is the safest mode to use because it always actuate a
blocking period. On the other hand it also gives a loss of current input to the
ESP during the blocking.
Quench mode = SELF+SHORT is useful if the majority of the sparks are of
the self quenching type. This mode then produce a smoother operation and
higher current input. Try with this mode first and observe the spark counters.
If a majority of double sparks is detected or if arcs are detected,
Quench mode = SHORT should be selected.
Quench mode = SELF is the mode that may force the highest average current into the ESP, but it is not generally recommended. Because there is no
quenching action like blocking inserted it can easily cause arcing in most
processes. However, it is easy to test by observing the arc counter during a
test period.
7.2.6.
Tuning of other spark parameters

The tuning of other spark parameters as Spark rate limit, Step actual current
and Slope is totally process related. Please ask ALSTOM Power for the latest data available for these settings on the actual process.
Page 45
7.3. Password function

The password function is a shell function within the FlktBus system. All
units (nodes), connected to the FlktBus, that can accept data input from
operators or from external communication lines via gateways, are protected
against unauthorised manipulation of data by a three level password function. (The Password check routines are placed in ProMo and RTU).
7.3.1.
Password location
The password function resides in the interface nodes themselves. All other
executing nodes on the FlktBus network only indicate to the interface nodes
the actual password level for the requested parameter. The interface unit
requires the correct password from the operator before alteration of data is
possible.
7.3.2.
Default password settings

The passwords levels are preset at delivery. Low=1, Medium=2 and
High=0470.
7.3.3.
Interference avoidance
To avoid different password levels being used in the interface nodes connected to the same FlktBus network, a new unit connected to the network
will adopt the password levels from the nodes already connected to the network.
7.3.4.
Setting of password
Using one of the interface nodes, a password can be changed for all connected interface nodes. However, this is only possible if the highest password level is known by the operator. Setting a password to 0000 turns off
the password protection for the actual password level. (The highest password
level is however not possible to turn off.)
7.3.5.
The last chance

If the highest level of password has been forgotten it is still possible to enter
the system using the following procedure:
1.
Disconnect all interface nodes from power supply and/or from the network.
2.
Connect one RTU to the network and power and simultaneously depress
the
keys until all internal start-up tests are completed.
3.
Set the new password by using the [Password] function in RTU-menu.
4.
Disconnect the RTU from the power supply and connect it again to
restart the communication.
5.
Wait one minute and connect all other interface nodes to power supply
and the network.
Page 46
7.3.6.
Parameter alteration
The RTU requires a password entry when you wish to alter a parameter.
When you have given the correct password it will remain as long as you use
the RTU but if you do not use the RTU for 4 minutes you must give the password once again. This means that you do not have to give the password
every time you make an alteration.
7.4. Copy settings

This window restores the default values or copy values from other EPIC III
controllers on the net. This means that all field made settings will be lost.
The [Copy settings] RTU window is reached by [Set up] [System] [].
7.4.1.
Restore to default settings

The Restore to default function is supplied as a method to erase bad data in
the parameter memory. After use of this restore function the set up part of the
installation has to be made again. This function is only active when you have
changed the default settings with the Save settings parameter.
Note!
Write down all settings before execution of the Default parameter.
Do as follows:
7.4.2.
1.
Highlight DEFAULT and press OK.
2.
Enter your Password and press OK.
3.
Press OK to confirm the selection. Press Page up to cancel the operation.
Copy settings from a selected node

A convenient and time saving function is the node copy function. This function allows you to transfer all parameter values that are saved to the non-volatile memory from a specific EPIC III controller.
Do as follows:
1.
Highlight the area to the right of NODE and press OK.
2.
Enter your password and press OK.
Page 47
3.
Enter an address of an installed EPIC III that you will copy.
4.
Highlight NODE and press OK.
5.
Press OK to confirm the selection. Press Page up to cancel the operation.
Note!
The copy function may only transfer parameters from other EPIC III
controllers.
7.4.3.
Restore/Copy messages
Following messages comes from EPIC III when using the Restore/Copy
function.
Error. Check all params! Operation cancelled
Cause:
The source or destination node has been disconnected during the copy function.
Solution:
Check the nodes. Check all parameters or execute the copy
function again.
Incompatible revision! Operation cancelled
Cause:
The database version differs between the nodes. The copy
function cannot transfer parameter values.
Solution:
Enter the values by hand or upgrade the old EPIC III.
No unit on specified address! Operation cancelled!
Cause:
There is no EPIC III on specified address in the network.
Solution:
Locate the node address and execute the copy function
again.
Please wait... Transferring parameters
Ready. All parameters transferred
Ready. All parameters restored to factory settings
Ready. Version difference. Check all parameters
Cause:
The database version differs between the nodes. The copy
function could not transfer all parameter values.
Solution:
Check all parameters and change bad or incorrect parameter values manually.
Ready. XXX parameters transfer error
Cause:
The specified number of parameters has bad or incorrect
data.
Solution:
Check the parameters and change them manually.
Page 48
7.5. [Save settings]

When parameters have been entered it is very important to save these settings to the non-volatile memory so they will remain even after a power loss.
In the [Main menu] it is a selection called [Save settings]. After the text is a
small box. It is filled (black) if there has been changes that is not saved.
Select Save Settings and in the following window press OK. The
changes are now saved.
This save procedure has to be repeated each time there has been changes
made that is needed to save for longer time. See section Variable list on page
79 to see which parameters can be saved.
7.6. ESP Master function

The daily operation is mainly performed from a Master EPIC in the menu
[ESP-Master]. All connected T/R units are controlled with convenient group
commands.
Any EPIC III can be assigned to be Master, but only one unit must act as
Master for one group of EPIC III units. The group the Master controls are
decided by the parameter ESP address limits: in window
[Master] []. The units within a group can be controlled by group commands
e.g. ESP OFF, ESP ON, change operating mode etc.
The Master controls the Opacity optimizing if Opacity optim. (MU) is set to
ON. Each EPIC III with parameter Opacity controlled set to ON are optimized.
The Master controls also the EPOQ. Each EPIC III with parameter EPOQ
set to ON are optimized.
Page 49
7.7. EPOQ - Electrostatic Precipitator Optimizing Q

algorithm
7.7.1.
7.7.1.1.
Function description
EPOQ minimizes the ESP emission
It is a well known fact, that the conditions in an ESP vary from bus section to
bus section. Every ESP bus section must therefore be individually optimized.
The conditions in an ESP also vary greatly from process to process, and also
with the fluctuations in the process itself (e.g. dust concentration, dust resistivity, gas velocity, gas temperature, gas composition, etc.).
All process variations alter the electrical characteristics of the ESP bus section. The electrical characteristics (and their variations) are continuously
adaptively surveilled by each EPIC III.
The EPOQ software analyzes the electrical characteristics, and EPOQs
inherent expertise is then able to selects the optimal current and charging
ratio that will minimize the emission from the bus section in question.
Note!
Note, that the emission optimization uses only electrical data mainly wave form analysis of primary and secondary T/R signals from
EPIC III. Readings of emissions from opacity meters are not utilized at
all during EPOQs emission minimizing.
EPOQ maximizes the precipitation in each bus section, and thereby actually
maximizes the collection efficiency of the overall ESP.
7.7.1.2.
EPOQ start and adaption to ESP process

After initial set-up and starting the EPOQ function, EPOQ is self adaptive.
The individual bus sections basic information that EPOQ needs for correct
continuous optimizing, is determined during an automatic reference measurement sequence. The reference is automatically obtained on a regular time
basis.
At ESP start-up, EPOQ will start with a reference measurement sequence,
and will then - step by step - tune the ESP to minimal emission.
7.7.1.3.
EPOQ minimizes emission continuously

During normal ESP operation, EPOQ that resides in every single EPIC III
unit continuously analyzes the sampled electrical values. The fast and accurate sampling of voltage and current, both on the primary and secondary side
of each T/R, produces a detailed ESP performance analysis - independent of
opacity meters.
EPOQs analysis results in a relative operation efficiency for the bus section in question. EPOQ then adjusts secondary current and charging ratio
with the aim to feed as much effective charge (Q) into the bus section as possible. EPOQ considers - by the way it is designed - all individual field differ-
Page 50
ences, and is thus able to optimize the whole ESP operation very rapidly and
very flexibly. EPOQ will continuously adjust every ESP bus section to operate at optimum current and charging ratio - bringing the ESP to continuously
operation at peak performance capability - minimal emission.
7.7.1.4.
EPOQ still optimizes ESP operation even at T/R or field drop out
Sometimes a short circuit occurs in a bus section, or a T/R trips due to some
fault. This will increase the dust load on the following bus sections, and will
also increase the emission from the overall ESP. EPOQ will - unaffected by
the trip - continue to keep all the other bus sections at optimum operation
efficiency, and is in this way capable of minimizing emissions - irrespective
of the cause of the alteration in electrical characteristics.
7.7.1.5.
EPOQ minimizes emission - may save majority of T/R energy

EPOQ will always adjust operation to optimum current and charging ratio which produces minimized emissions. In ESP processes where EPOQ
decides that Semipulse operation is the most emission effective way of energizing the ESP, EPOQ will also save a very high percentage of the T/R
power consumption. Semipulse operation always reduces power consumption by a minimum of 50%, but figures between 80% and 95% of power saving are quite common - at minimized emission!
7.7.1.6.
EPOQ combined with OpOpt (Opacity optimizing software)

At low process load, minimized emission may sometimes lead to unnecessary high power consumption. A typical example is an ESP that operates
with low resistive dust, and at (for the moment) a low process load (a low
dust load or low gas flow or both). EPOQ will strive to maintain ESP at optimum, which in this case means full power.
The ESP will however not be able to perform significantly better with the
max current, than with a current which is sometimes only 10% of max.
Above a certain knee current a further emission reduction is barely noticeable with increased current - above a certain current level the ESP field
becomes saturated.
The optional software for EPIC III, is the OpOpt (Opacity Optimizing) software which is designed to handle such situations.
Even with OpOpt operating and reducing the available current in order to
reduce the T/R power consumption, EPOQ will still be in full emission optimizing mode, however now limited by a reduced available current range.
7.7.2.
Window structure
In the EPIC III window structure, all EPOQ parameters are reached in the
[Set Up] [EPOQ] window.
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7.7.2.1.
7.7.3.
[Set Up EPOQ]
The [Set Up EPOQ] window contains the parameters for EPOQ set-up. The
parameters should normally not be changed. See section Variable list on
page 79 for explanation of each variable.
EPOQ Set up
There are no set up parameters for EPOQ. The reference measurement that
EPOQ makes after start gives the needed data about the ESP condition.
Note!
Be sure to have the Field/Cell and the collector area, in the [Set
Up] [ESP] window, correctly set since EPOQ uses this parameter to
make its operations not to coincide with EPOQ in other EPIC III.
7.7.4.
Starting EPOQ
The EPOQ is started in the [Operation] [Oper. active set.] window by setting
the EPOQ to ON.
When EPOQ is turned ON, optimization is started immediately but full
effect is not reached until a reference measurement is made. Consequently
there will be a varying delay from the time when EPOQ is turned on to full
optimization, depending on the T/R position in the ESP and the time of day
when EPOQ turned on.
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7.8. OpOpt - Opacity optimization algorithm

7.8.1.
Function description
A Master EPIC with an opacity signal connected to its auxiliary input terminal has the ability to control the current limit of selected slave EPICs. The
algorithms target is to find an optimal current which reflects a given opacity
set value.
The algorithm calculates the new optimal current limit using an average
value of the opacity. The interval for the average is alterable between 1-30
minutes. The average value is compared to a set value once per minute. A 0100 % part (alterable gain value) of the error is then used to calculate the new
current limit.
The optimal current is sent as a limit to all slaves simultaneously and will
depend on the difference between an average and a set value of the opacity.
Opacity %
High limit
10
Set value
If process change makes one

minute opacity
mean value > HIGH LIMIT
Time
Current limit %
Start
100
80
60
40
20
Time
Figure 3. Sample of average opacity signal and the reflected current limit. We
assume that the current limit starts at 100%
7.8.2.
Window structure
The following windows are used for the opacity optimization algorithm displayed by using an RTU. For detailed information about each parameter, see
section 8. Variable list on page 81.
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7.8.2.1.
[ESP-Master]
The first [ESP-Master] window contains parameters for control of the Master
function of EPIC III. It also contains start and stop of the Opacity optimization algorithm.
7.8.2.2.
[Opacity optim]
This window contains all parameters for control of the Opacity optimizing
algorithm.
7.8.3.
7.8.3.1.
OpOpt Set up
Connection of the opacity monitor signals
The 4-20 mA signal from the opacity monitor is connected to the auxiliary
analog input terminal AI 05 (terminal number 11, 23). The 4-20 mA signal
will be converted to a 0-100 % value. Two additional opacity monitors connected to other slaves can be viewed by choosing a position for each one of
them. The opacity is shown as a 10 s average signal.
If the opacity meter performs an automatic calibration procedure, the OpOpt
algorithm must be informed by a 24 V signal applied to one of the digital
inputs DI1, 2, 14 or 16 configurated in [Set up] [Inputs] RTU-window. During the time of the calibration the OpOpt will freeze it's calculations and
thereby avoid wrong corrections based on calibration spikes.
7.8.3.2.
Using the opacity optimization in the slaves

In order to let the slaves and the master react upon the current limit sent from
the Master, an appropriate mode must be selected in each slave. The selected
mode must have the option Opacity controlled set to ON in the [Operation][] window.
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7.8.4.
Starting OpOpt
7.8.4.1.
Preparation in slave EPICs

In each slave EPIC that shall be activated from the master unit the Opacity
controlled in the [Process settings] [Mode #] RTU-window has to be set to
ON.
7.8.4.2.
Starting the algorithm in the Master EPIC

The algorithm is started in the master EPIC by setting the Opacity optim. in
the [MASTER] RTU-window to ON.
After being started the algorithm function begin with a 100 % current limit to
all slaves (which practically means: no limit).
When the limit is received, the slave will calculate a current limit according
to the rated secondary current. If this limit is lower than any other current
limit, it will be used and the text OPACITY_OPT will be shown at the
Limiter-position in the [Operation] RTU-window.
If no current limit has been received within 2,5 minutes the slave in question
will assume that a 100 % limit is to be used.
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7.9. VI-curve function

7.9.1.
Introduction
When tuning an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) it is important to know its
operating condition. It depends on many different factors such as the
mechanical design, the electrical design and the actual process in use.
The VI-curve function is a new feature in EPIC III. It is a tool to analyze the
operating condition and the process of an electrostatic precipitator. It enables
fast and accurate data collection of the secondary voltage as a function of different calculated current density values. The result of the collection is presented both in graphs and as numerical values.
The VI-curve function in EPIC III interacts closely with the VI-curve software in ProMo II which is a customized tool for the analysis of collected VIcurves. It is also possible to transfer the values manually to a spreadsheet
program, for analysis and print out of the graphs.
7.9.2.
Window structure overview

In the EPIC III window structure, all parameters for control of the VI-curve
function are gathered under the [Set Up] [VI-curve] menu. For a detailed
explanation of each parameter, see section 8. Variable list on page 81.
7.9.2.1.
[VI Curve]
This window contains the control of the VI-curve function. It also shows
information about the latest collection.
7.9.2.2.
[VI-Curve Graph]
This window presents graphs of the latest collection.
90.0
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7.9.2.3.
7.9.3.
7.9.3.1.
[Settings]
This window contains different settings that affect the measurement.
Using the VI-curve function

General
There are some actions that must be followed to obtain the best VI-curve
results.
7.9.3.2.
Make sure that rappers and/or optimizing algorithms are not running
while the VI-curve function is active. If possible turn EPOQ and OpOpt
to OFF in [Active] [Settings] during the acquisition of the VI-curve.
Perform two VI-curve collections. One in air load before start-up and
thereafter during the most representative operating condition, normally
full load. These curves will provide considerable amount of information
concerning the ESPs mechanical, electrical and process operating conditions.
Always start to collect the VI-curve values in the rear field and work
your way up to the first field. This ensures that you have a representative dust layer on the collecting plates during the measurement.
When a new VI-curve is collected the previous collection is lost in EPIC
III. For comparison between different collections, the numeric values
can be copied (manually) to a spreadsheet program or ProMo II can be
used. Each VI-collection is saved for comparison.
VI-curve function set-up

There are some parameters that must be set before starting the function. In
window [Set Up] [VI-curve] [Settings] four parameters are located. The first
parameter is Sample Interval, this parameter affects the time before each
measurement. The time length is process related. A high resistive process
needs a longer time than a plant with a low resistive process. The Charging
ratio parameter is the active CR during the operation of the VI-curve function. The actual charging ratio is restored as soon as the VI-collection is completed. Min. current density is the lowest point of the current measurement.
Step at spark, the current is reduced the specified percentage value when it is
limited by a sparkover.
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7.9.3.3.
Starting the VI-curve function

Start the VI-curve function when the operation of the ESP is stable. The
starting parameter is located in window [Set Up] [VI-Curve]. The latest VIcollection will be erased when a new collection is started. Do as follows:
1.
Select Start VI-collection and press OK (requires the high priority

password).
2.
The parameter on the right hand side will display READY when the V-I
collection is completed.
The VI-curve function can be stopped at any time during its operation by
pressing Cancel VI-collection (requires only the low password priority).
7.9.3.4.
Presentation of the VI-collection result

The VI-curve function is successfully completed when it displays Ready.
The collected values are presented as graphs in window
[Set Up] [VI-curve] []. The numerical values are presented in the
[Set Up] [VI-curve] [ ] and [Set Up] [VI-curve] [ ]. The Limit parameter informs the type of limiter that was active when the VI-curve function
was determining the maximum current for the VI-curve. If Stopped by is
displayed the VI-curve function has been disturbed or manually stopped.
90.0
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7.9.4.
Functional description
7.9.4.1.
General
The VI-curve function is a tool for analyzing the operating conditions of an
electrostatic precipitator. It presents the secondary voltage as a function of
the current density. The current density scale is adjusted for root linearity
facilitate the reading.
7.9.4.2.
Overview
The VI-curve function measures the average, peak and valley voltage at
seven different pulse currents. The measurement is performed twice (except
at the lowest value).
Current
Point of Measuring
13
2
12
Sample
interval
11
10
5
9
6
8
7
Time
Figure 4. VI-curve function
When activated, the function determines its maximum current by increasing

the pulse current to a point below the sparkover level or the rated current on
the T/R. The VI-curve function calculates seven different pulse current values. Each value is divided equidistant to its root value on a scale from the
highest to the lowest current (the lowest current density is preset in the [VICurve] [Settings] window).
At each current value the VI-curve function measures the average, peak and
valley voltage. Totally 3*13 values will be measured. See Figure 4 above.
Each voltage type with the same current density is then averaged and saved.
The result is seven different current density values with peak, average and
valley voltage values.
The collection of values is presented in the RTU window as a VI-curve graph
with the voltage as a function of the current density or in a table where all the
measured values can are presented. The VI-curve function must be activated
manually by an operator with the highest priority password as this may affect
the outlet dust emission temporarily. The function can however be stopped
by a user with low priority password. The operation of the ESP will return to
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the previous operating level when the VI-curve function is ready or has been
cancelled.
It can also be executed from ProMo.
7.9.5.
Initial checks performed by the VI-curve function

When the VI-curve function is executed by the operator it starts by checking
that no other function is active e.g. rapping and EPOQ that can block and disturb the collection. The function awaits these blocking factors before starting
and if it has not been executed after 5 minutes, it will stop all attempts and
display an alarm message.
7.9.6.
Checks performed during operation of the VI-curve function

The function constantly monitors all factors that can affect the result of the
collection and give unreliable information concerning the ESP. When this
occurs it will immediately stop the collection of data and display the cause of
termination. Typical causes are rapping, manual stop by operator or, if the
current limit could not be reached, stoppage due to e.g. sparks.
7.9.7.
Current measurement
The highest current is determined by increasing the VI-collection current
limit to maximum. Another function will then limit the current and determine
the highest current limit. The VI-collection current limit is then set to a percentage step below this current. This step is the same as Step at spark if the
current is limited by sparkover otherwise the step is one percent of the highest current limit. The current level is now controlled from the VI-curve function
Each measuring point is set by two steps. The first step is a hysteresis that
has a characteristic curve. The second step is then adjusted up or down to the
calculated pulse current. See Figure 4. The function will wait for the specified time to elapse (specified in Sample interval) before the collection of the
secondary voltage is made.
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7.10. I/O groups and auxiliary inputs

7.10.1. Introduction
The I/O Groups function is a versatile firmware for control of external
devices such as rappers, heaters, ash handling etc. The I/O Groups comprises four I/O groups with different control categories. An I/O group is a
specific Digital Input that from an operational point of view is grouped
together with a specific Digital Output.
The I/O Groups can be set up to control the following:
Up to four rappers of the tumbling hammer type

Ash transport
Heaters
Digital outputs for external control with or without confirmation of the
feedback (CON.DO = Confirmed Digital output and
UNCON.DO = Unconfirmed Digital output).
External control of ESP On on an ESP-Master unit (ESP-ctrl).
External control of individual T/R (T/R-ctrl).

In addition there are four additional digital inputs called Digital Inputs Auxiliary (DigAux1-4). Each of these inputs have eight different predefined control categories.
7.10.2. Control description
The I/O Groups function is based on four I/O groups. Each I/O group can
be set to seven different control categories. The main window below is
located under [Set Up] [I/O Groups].
Name:
7 characters
Type:
RAPPER
HEATER
TRANSPORT
CONF. DO
UNCONF. DO
ESP-CTRL
T/R-CTRL
NOT CONN.
Mode:
ON
OFF
AUTO
CONT
----
This window contains parameters to define the type of connected devices,

their names and the mode of operation. The function of this window is
depending of which Type: of device you chose and Mode of operation.
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Name
This column contains the name of connected devices. The name of the device
will then be used in all actual windows, even in the alarm messages. Enter
the name (max 7 characters).
Type
There are eight different selections of connected devices: RAPPER,
HEATER, TRANSPORT, CONF. DO, UNCONF. DO, ESP CTRL,
T/R CTRL or NOT CONN. Each selection will be explained separately in this
chapter.
Mode
There are five different modes of operation: ON, OFF, AUTO, CONT and
----. Each selection will be explained later in this chapter. Some of the Mode
settings combined with a Type may not have a function. All positions on the
next page that are marked with N/A are such combination. The RTU displays
The parameter is temporarily blocked if one of these combinations is
selected.
The ---- mode is automatically selected when NOT CONN, ESPCTRL,
T/R CTRL is selected in Type. This mode will change to OFF when Type is
changed to other selections.
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7.10.3. Mode/Type function view

Type/Mode
AUTO
ON
OFF
CONT
NOT CONN
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
RAPPER
Follow the settings in [Set Up]

[Config IO
groups] and activates with
ESP ON/High
voltage ON and
deactivates with
ESP OFF/High
voltage OFF.
Follow the settings in [Set Up]

[Config IO
groups] independent of the
ESP ON/OFFposition or High
voltage ON/OFF.
No rapping is
performed. Alarm
after 30 minutes
if ESP is ON/High
voltage ON.
Continuous rapping. Alarm after

30 minutes.
TRANSPORT
The output goes

high at ESP ON/
High voltage ON
and low at ESP
OFF/High voltage OFF.
The output is
high.
The output is low.

Alarm after 30
minutes if ESP is
ON.
N/A
HEATER
N/A
The output is
high.
The output is low.
N/A
CONF.DO
(Dig. Output)
N/A
The output is
high. The feedback is checked
every minute.
The output is low.

The feedback is
checked every
minute.
N/A
UNCONF.
DO
(Dig. Output)
N/A
The output is
high. No feedback check.
The output is low.

No feedback
check.
N/A
ESP CTRL
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
T/R CTRL
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
The different types are explained as follows:

7.10.4. Type: RAPPER
Each of the four rapper can basically be programmed for Start time, Repetition time and Run time individually. In addition a network of gates
(Boolean algebra) can be set up to control the rappers. For more information
on timers, see heading 7.11.5.1. Example 1 - Different timers for collector
and emitter rapping on page 75.
7.10.5. Mode of operation
The rapper motor is controlled by the Mode parameter. This parameter can
be changed manually from the RTU.
It has four modes:
AUTO
This is the normal position of the Mode parameter for rapper.

When High voltage or ESP is ON, rapping is performed
according to the time parameters in window [Set Up] [I/O
Group] [Timers 1-6]. When the High voltage or ESP is
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ON
OFF
CONT
switches OFF, rappers are stopped (if not set to conduct otherwise by Timers 1-6).
The rapping is performed according to the time parameters
independent of commands like High voltage or ESP ON/OFF.
No rapping is performed. If this mode is OFF for more than
30 minutes while High voltage or ESP is ON, EPIC III indicates an alarm.
Continuous rapping. If this mode is CONT for more than 30
minutes, EPIC III will indicate an alarm.
It is possible to set continuous rapping in an other way too. In

RTU window [Process settings] [Mode 1-6] select Rapp All.
When the Mode parameter or any of the time parameters are changed, the
rapping will immediately follow the new setting. When rapping is performed
according to the time parameters, rapping will always recommence directly
at the start time, regardless of the current rapper output state.
7.10.6. Rapper control via timers
Each of the four rapper can basically be programmed for Start time, Repetition time and Run time individually. In addition a network of gates
(Boolean algebra) can be set up to control the rappers. For more information
on timers, see heading 7.11.5.1. Example 1 - Different timers for collector
and emitter rapping on page 75.
EPIC III has one output and one input connection for each rapper motor. The
output is used to control the motor contactor. The input is used to sense the
feedback that indicates that the rapper is operating as ordered, if not an alarm
message will be given. The alarm is activated if the status of the feedback
and the output does not compare just before each start or stop, see below. For
more information concerning the connections, see section 10. Technical data
on page 103.
The feedback is checked immediately before the status of the output is
changed.
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Run time
Process delay
EPIC III rapper

motor output
Rapper motor
feedback
EPIC III alarm function sensing the feedback
Alarm will be given here

if motor is running.
(Alarm if feedback = ON)
Alarm will be given here if motor

is not running.
(Alarm if feedback is not = ON)
Figure 5. State diagram, rapper sequence with rotary switch feedback
7.10.6.1. Power control Rapping (PCR)

The Power Control Rapping function constitutes a limitation of the power to
the ESP during rapping (power = current). The reduction of the electric field
during rapping makes the rapping (in most cases) more effective.
The limitation of the current is set in parameter Rapping current limit in window [Set UP] [I/O Groups] [Power control]
7.10.6.2. Set up of rapper parameters

The EPIC III rapper function has to be set to correct values to ensure proper
operation of the ESP. All parameters concerning rapper operation must be
setup before start-up. In the EPIC III window structure, all parameters for
control of the rappers are reached through the menu [Set Up] [I/O Groups]
The set up is done in the following order:
[Set Up] [I/O Groups] [Group configuration], defining the I/O Groups.
[Set Up] [I/O Groups] [Connection], connects the output of the timers with
the rappers.
[Set Up] [I/O Groups] [Timers 1-3] and [Timers 4-6], defining the rapping
times.
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[Set Up] [I/O Groups] [Power control] defines which timers who have power
control.
Remember to save all your settings with function [Save settings] in the
[Main menu].
7.10.7. Type: TRANSPORT
This selection is mainly for ash transport devices. The status of the feedback
is checked 2 seconds after a status change and repeatedly checked every
minute.
7.10.7.1. Mode of operation
The transport motors as a group are controlled by the Mode parameter. This
parameter can be changed manually from the RTU.
It has two modes:
ON
OFF
The transport starts to operate.

The transport stops.
7.10.8. Type: HEATER

This selection is mainly for heater devices. The status of the feedback is
checked 2 seconds after a status change and repeatedly checked every
minute.
The Heater is controlled by the Mode parameter. This parameter can be
changed manually from the RTU.
It has two modes:
ON
OFF
The heater is turned on.

The heater is turned off.
7.10.9. Type: CONF. DO (Confirmed Digital output)

This selection is for additional devices such as an electrical fan. The status of
the feedback is checked 2 seconds after a status change and repeatedly
checked every minute.
The output is controlled by the Mode parameter. This parameter can be
It has two modes:
ON
OFF
The output goes high.

The output goes low.
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7.10.10.Type: UNCONF. DO (Unconfirmed Digital output)

This selection is for additional devices such as an electrical fan. The status of
the feedback is not checked.
7.10.10.1.Mode of operation
The output is controlled by the Mode parameter. This parameter can be
It has two modes:
ON
OFF
The output goes high.

The output goes low.
7.10.11.Type: ESP-CTRL
This function is only for the master unit. ESP-ctrl is a flank triggered input
which toggles between ESP ON and ESP OFF. The function can be used
together with a button or a switch to stop and start the ESP. The output follows the ESP status and goes high when ESP is ON and low when ESP is
OFF.
7.10.12.Type: T/R-CTRL
T/R-ctrl is a flank triggered input which toggles between High voltage ON
and High voltage OFF. The function can be used together with a button or a
switch to stop and start the T/R unit. The output follows the T/R unit status
and goes high when High voltage is ON and low when High voltage is OFF.
7.10.13.[Timer1-6]
See section Timer functions on page 69.
7.10.14.Auxiliary Digital Inputs
This is four additional digital inputs for different control. The window Set up
inputs is located under [Set Up] [Inputs].
Name:
7 characters
Type: See below
Alarm reset - Possibility to make a sum alarm reset by using a signal

from e.g. a PLC.
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ALARM -T- This external alarm will trip the EPIC III and display an
alarm message on the RTU.
ALARM-W- This external alarm will display an alarm message on the
RTU.
MODE TOGGLE- This external input can be used to toggle the
EPIC III between two or four different operational profiles (only possible for input DI 14 and/or DI 16).
MU M TOGGLE - This external input can be used to toggle the master
EPIC III (and consequently all slave EPIC IIIs) between two or four different operational profiles (only possible for input DI 14 and/or DI 16).
OPAC. CAL- This input is used to block the opacity algorithm during
calibration of an opacity meter (if used).
RAPPER - This input runs the EPIC III with PCR limit and can be used
if the EPIC III not controls the rapper.
NOT CONN- When the input is not used.
Type: Alarm reset

A flank gives a sum alarm reset.
Type: RAPPER
This input runs the EPIC III with PCR limit and can be used if the EPIC III
not controls the rapper.
Type: OPAC. CAL
If the opacity meter performs an automatic calibration procedure, the OpOpt
algorithm must be informed by a 24V signal applied to the input. During the
time of the calibration the OpOpt will freeze it's calculations and thereby
avoid wrong corrections based on calibration spikes.
Type: MU M TOGGLE (only for Master Unit)
This selection toggles between mode 1-4 or mode 1-2 as the Master mode
(depending on if one or two inputs are used, see table below). The function
changes all connected EPIC III that has these modes as active modes.
Type: MODE TOGGLE
This selection toggles between mode 1-4 or mode 1-2 as the active mode on
single units (depending on if one or two inputs are used, see table below).
The function does not work if the active mode is other than this two modes.
DI 14
DI 16
Mode
DI 14 or DI16
Mode
If two inputs are used
If one input is used
Page 68
Type: ALARM-W
External warning alarm. A high or low signal, depending of settings in
[Set Up] [Inputs], activates an alarm message XXXXXXX, external alarm,
Warning on the RTU. The XXXXXXX is the name of the connected
input.
Type: ALARM-T
External tripping alarm. A high or low signal, depending of settings in
[Set Up] [Inputs], will trip the T/R and display an alarm message
XXXXXXX, external alarm, Trip on the RTU. The XXXXXXX is the
name of the connected input.
Type: NOT CONN.
The input is not used.
Normally closed:
Filled box inverts the input.
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7.11. Timer functions

EPIC III has a number of software functions, often called timers (since they
are based on a timer function). The timer function was basically aimed for
control of rapper mechanisms. In EPIC III the timer function can be used in
many different ways and fill a variety of purposes.
There are 6 individual and identical timers containing:
A timer function
A coupling function (with Boolean algebra)
A function for reducing power during rapping Power Control Rapping (PCR)
The 6 timers are connected in cascade and common for all 6 timers there is a
connection selector to the I/O.
7.11.1. The timer function
The timer has three different time settings:
Start time - defines the day, hour, minute and second when the event
shall start. Day number 1 is defined as the first Monday of the New
Year. It is not the day number you can find in your calendar. At the next
New Year synchronization to the same working day will take place. The
result is when you specify the start of an event to e.g. a Friday; the event
will always start on this day (every year, even a leap year).
Repetition time - defines the time in days, hours, minutes and seconds
between the first start of the event until it shall start again. The working
day synchronization mentioned above is valid here too. The Repetition
time is effected by the rapping intensity, see heading 5.3.5. Rapp. Intens
on page 36.
Run time - defines the duration of the event. The run time can be specified in hours, minutes and seconds.
The example shows:
Start time
003:04:00 ddd:hh:mm:ss
Repetition time 000:07:00 ddd:hh:mm
Run time
00:30:00 hh:mm:ss
Run time
00:00
02:00
04:00
06:00
08:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
00:00
(24:00)
Repetition time
Start time
Figure 6. One of 6 timers (the time setting function). The event will start on the first
Wednesday of the year and run for 30 minutes and will be repeated every 7th hour
Page 70
Note!
There is no monitoring of the ratio between run time and repetition
time. You can specify a run time nearly as long as the repetition time.
The result of this will be an ongoing event with a short brake just
before it starts over.
7.11.2. Couplings
The output from the timer function is fed to a certain coupling function with
4 alternatives:
NO - no coupling at all, an active timer output will result in an active

output from the coupling section.
AND - the timer signal and the input have to be active at the same time,
to get an active output.
AND NOT - the timer signal has to be active and the input has to be
inactive, to get an active output.
OR - one of the timer signal or the input has to be active in order to get
an active output.
Timer 1
- Start time
- Repetition time
- Run time
Coupling (in this

case AND)
NO
Input
&
&
>1
AND
AND
NOT
OR
Output
Figure 7. The coupling function of the timer
The RTU window [Set Up Timer 1-3] has the path Set up, I/O Groups,
Timer 1-3.
Page 71
7.11.3. The Power control rapping (PCR)

The output from the coupling function is fed to the Power Control Rapping
function (PCR). This function constitutes a limitation of the power to the
ESP during rapping (power = current). The reduction of the electric field
during rapping makes the rapping (in many cases) more efficient.
The PCR can be selected in the RTU window [Set up Power Ctrl]. Select ON
to activate the PCR function and insert a value for the reduced current (the
value specifies which level the current will be reduced to). When the PCR is
selected, an active output from the coupling function will result in a reduction of power during rapping.
&
&
>1
PCR
ON/OFF
Reduction
of current to
this level
Output
Figure 8. The PCR function
The RTU window [Set Up Power Ctrl] has the path Set up, Power control.
Page 72
7.11.4. Cascade coupling of timers and connection to I/O

The output from timer No. 1 is connected to the input of timer No. 2. And
this output is connected to the input of timer No. 3 and so on (all timers are
connected in cascade). For timer No. 1 the input is external, see heading
7.11.4.1. The input to timer 1 on page 73.
Further more the output from all 6 timers is connected to an output connection. In this connection any of the 6 outputs can be directed to one of 4 different I/O groups.
Timer 1
Timer 2
Timer 3
Timer 4
Timer 5
Timer 6
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
>1
>1
>1
>1
>1
>1
PCR
PCR
PCR
PCR
PCR
Input for timer 1

is external
Connection to I/O Group
I/O 1
I/O 2
I/O 3
I/O 4
Figure 9. Cascade coupling of all 6 timers
PCR
Page 73
7.11.4.1. The input to timer 1

The input can be retrieved from any of the four digital inputs (DI 1-2, 14,16)
by selecting the Type: to RAPPER.
Select the RTU window [Set up inputs] by using the path Set up, Inputs
Timer 1
The external
input to timer 1
40
Timer 3
&
&
&
&
&
&
>1
>1
>1
Timer 4
DI14
56
26
Timer 2
PCR
PCR
PCR
>1
DI02
42
Connection
I/O 1
I/O 2
RAPPER
Figure 10. Input to timer 1
The digital inputs DI 1-2, 14, 16 will, in the RAPPER case, have an OR
coupling. Therefore if you select e.g. two RAPPERs an active signal from
any of these inputs will result in an active input to timer No. 1.
Page 74
7.11.4.2. The connection to I/O Group and activating of I/O

The connection between the output of the timers and the I/O groups 1-4 is
made in the RTU window [I/O Group Connection] found by using the path
Set up, I/O Groups, Connection.
By selecting a timer number for one I/O Group the output of this timer is
connected to the I/O Group. If you specify 0, no timer will be connected to
the I/O group in question.
.
&
&
&
&
&
&
>1
>1
>1
>1
>1
>1
PCR
PCR
PCR
PCR
PCR
PCR
Timer 6
I/O 2
I/O 3
I/O 4
I/O Group 1
IoGrp 1
RAPPER
AUTO
02
03
04
05
58
DO02
66
Figure 11. Connection timer to an I/O Group

(I/O Group 1 is more detailed than the other I/O Groups)
Next step is to activate the connected I/O Group. This is made in the RTU
window [Config I/O groups] found by using the path Set up, Group configuration. Set the Type: for I/O Group 1 to RAPPER and the MODE: to
AUTO.
Page 75
7.11.5. How to use the timers etc.

There are almost endless ways to use the timer functions that just have been
explained to you. When you have studied the timer functions and maybe one
or two of the examples you will be ready to make your own settings.
7.11.5.1. Example 1 - Different timers for collector and emitter rapping
In this example one timer is controlling the rapping of collector electrodes
and another timer is controlling rapping of the emitting electrodes (there is
often need for more intensive rapping on the collector electrodes than on the
emitting electrodes).
1.
Start time for collector rapping - Set timer No. 1 to start on the first
Monday of the year at midnight (001:00:00:00), see heading 7.11.1.
The timer function on page 69.
2.
Repetition time for collector rapping - Set the repetition time for timer
No. 1 to 12 minutes (000:00:12).
3.
Run time for collector rapping - Set the run time for timer No. 1 to 1
minute (00:01:00). (You must of course set the run time in accordance
to your process.)
4.
Start time for emitter rapping - Set the timer No. 2 to start at midnight
the first Monday of the year (001:00:00:00).
5.
Repetition time for emitter rapping - Set the repetition time for timer
No. 2 to 5 minutes (000:00:05).
6.
Run time for emitter rapping - Set the run time for timer No. 2 to e.g. 2
minutes (00:02:00). (You must of course set the run time in accordance
to your process.)
7.
Coupling - Set the Coupling for timer No. 1 and No. 2 to NO. Use the
RTU window [Set Up Timer 1-3] reached by using the path Set up, I/O
Groups, Timer 1-3.
8.
PCR - Check that the power control for timer No. 1 and No. 2 is OFF.
Use the RTU window [Set Up Power Ctrl] reached by using the path Set
up, Power control.
9.
I/O Group - Connect I/O group 1 to timer No. 1 and I/O Group 2 to
timer No. 2 in the RTU window [I/O Group Connection] reached by
using the path Set up, I/O Groups, Connection.
10. Type - For I/O group 1 and 2, set the Type: to RAPPER.
Use the RTU window [Config IO groups] reached by using the path
Set up, I/O Groups, Group configuration.
Timer No. 1 will now generate output every 12th minute (with duration of 1
minutes). And timer No. 2 will generate output every half-hour (with duration of 2 minutes).
Page 76
7.11.5.2. Example 2 - A four hour rapping cycle that is blocked at midnight

In this example rapping shall start 4 oclock in the morning and be repeated
every 4th hour of the day, except at midnight.
1.
Start time for rapping - Set timer No. 2 to start on the first Monday of
the year at 4 oclock in the morning (001:04:00:00), see heading 7.11.1.
The timer function on page 69.
2.
Repetition time for rapping - Set the repetition time for timer No. 2 to 4
hours (000:04:00).
3.
Run time for rapping - Set the run time for timer No. 2 to 15 minutes
(00:15:00). (You must of course set the run time in accordance to your
process.)
4.
Start time for blocking - Set the timer No. 1 to start at midnight the first
Tuesday of the year (002:00:00:00).
5.
Repetition time for blocking - Set the repetition time for timer No. 1 to
24 hours (000:24:00).
6.
Run time for blocking - Set the run time for timer No. 1 to e.g. 16 minutes or at least longer than the run time for timer No. 2 (00:16:00).
7.
PCR - Set the power control to ON and specify the current. Use the
RTU window [Set Up Power Ctrl] reached by using the path Set up,
Power control.
8.
Coupling - Set the Coupling for timer No. 2 to AND NOT and NO for
timer No. 1. Use the RTU window [Set Up Timer 1-3] reached by using
the path Set up, I/O Groups, Timer 1-3.
Note!
In figure No. 12 you can see that it is the output from timer No. 2 that
shall be used (output from timer No. 1 is not relevant in this example).
9.
I/O Group - Set I/O group 1 to timer No. 2 in the RTU window [I/O
Group Connection] reached by using the path Set up, I/O Groups, Connection.
10. Type - For I/O group 1, set the Type: to RAPPER.

Page 77
Since the output from timer No. 1 is low on the first day, the rapping will
start 4 oclock in the morning and last for 15 minutes. The same thing will
happen at 8:00, at 12:00 (noon), at 16:00 (4 PM) and at 20:00 (8 PM). At
midnight the output of timer No. 1 will be activated and since the coupling
AND NOT is selected there will be no output from timer No. 2 (the midnight
rapping is omitted).
Timer 1
Timer 2
Timer 3
Timer 4
Timer 5
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
>1
>1
>1
>1
>1
PCR
PCR
PCR
PCR
PCR
External input
I/O 1
I/O 2
I/O 3
I/O 4
Figure 12. Output every forth hour except for midnight
7.11.5.3. Example 3 - A timer controlled rapping with externally forced rapping

In example 3 a rapper output is controlled by timer No. 1. In certain cases
extra rapping can be needed and using the external input can solve that. The
output is connected directly to the I/O group 1 without any influence from
the PCR.
1.
Start time - Set timer No. 1 to start on the first Monday of the year at 1
oclock in the morning (001:01:00:00), see heading 7.11.1. The timer
function on page 69.
2.
Repetition time - Set the repetition time for timer No. 1 to 2 hours
(000:02:00).
3.
Run time - Set the run time for timer No. 1 to 6 minutes (00:06:00).
(You must of course set the run time in accordance to your process.)
4.
Type - Set the Type: to RAPPER.

Use the RTU window [Set up inputs] reached by using the path
Set up, Inputs.
5.
PCR - Set the power control to OFF. Use the RTU window [Set Up
Power Ctrl] reached by using the path Set up, Power control.
Page 78
6.
Coupling - Set the Coupling for timer No. 1 to OR.

Use the RTU window [Set Up Timer 1-3] reached by using the path Set
up, I/O Groups, Timer 1-3.
7.
I/O Group - Set I/O group 1 to timer No. 1 in the RTU window [I/O
Group Connection] reached by using the path Set up, I/O Groups, Connection.
8.
Type - For I/O group 1, set the Type: to RAPPER.

The rappers connected to I/O Group 1 will operate during 6 minutes every
second hour. When an external signal is received the OR coupling will feed
this signal to the connection to I/O Groups.
Timer 1
Timer 2
Timer 3
Timer 4
Timer 5
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
>1
>1
>1
>1
>1
PCR
PCR
PCR
PCR
PCR
External input
I/O 1
I/O 2
I/O 3
I/O 4
Figure 13. Output every second hour and during forced rapping
via the external input
7.11.5.4. Example 4 - Utilization of the PCR function from an external source

In this example rapping is controlled from an external source (e.g. PLC) but
the PCR function in EPIC III is utilized. In this case timer No. 1 is involved
but shall not be active at all. The easiest way to block the timer is to set the
run time to 0.
1.
Run time - Check that the run time for timer No. 1 is set to 0
(00:00:00:00). For more information on timers, see heading 7.11.1. The
timer function on page 69.
Note!
When the Run time is set to 0 there will not be any output at all from
this timer (no matter what the Start time or the Repetition time is set
to).
Page 79
2.
Type - Set the Type: to RAPPER.

Use the RTU window [Set up inputs] reached by using the path
Set up, Inputs.
3.
PCR - Set the power control to ON and specify the current. Use the
RTU window [Set Up Power Ctrl] has the path Set up, Power control.
4.
Coupling - Set the Coupling for timer No. 1 to OR.

Use the RTU window [Set Up Timer 1-3] reached by using the path Set
up, I/O Groups, Timer 1-3.
Selection of RAPPER connects the external input to timer No. 1. And since
the Run time for timer No. 1 is 0, this timer will not be active at any time.
When an external signal is received the OR coupling will feed this signal to
the PCR. Since the PCR function is activated, the power will be reduced to
the set value when the external signal is active.
Page 80
Page 81
8. Variable list
8. Variable list
This list contains standard default values and description of each variable
and parameter in alphabetical order. The actual installation may have customized default settings and they may differ from the list below. All parameters marked with S are saved to the non-volatile memory when using [Save
settings]. The password levels are marked with L = low, M = middle and
H = high. Master function, marked with MU is only valid when set from the
master unit.
Name in RTU
windows
The complete name &

description
Accumulated:
Sparks
Total detected sparks

Double sparks increment this by 1.
(Saves to memory every midnight)
Accumulated:
Arcs
Passw. Range
etc.
Def.
value
Unit of
measurement
Path to the RTU

window
0 - 4x109
Read
only
Counts
Readings++
Total detected arcs.

0 - 4x109
Read
only
Counts
Readings++
Accumulated:
Double
Total detected double sparks

0 - 4x109
Read
only
Counts
Readings++
Act. power
Active power consumption
0 - 999
Read
only
kW
Operation
or
Readings
Active CL
Active pulse current limit
0 - 999
Read
only
mA
Operation
Active CR
Active charging ratio
1/1 - 1/999 or
2/4 - 2/998
Read
only
Number/
number
Operation
An. out 1
Analog out 1 set value
4 - 20
mA
Tests+++
An. out 2
Analog out 2 set value
4 - 20
mA
Tests+++
App. power
Apparent power consumption
0 - 999
Read
only
kVA
Readings
Arc det. level
S, M
Arc detection level
An arc is detected if the kVv, after a
fired half cycle, is lower than detection level for more than 10 consecutive Semipulse cycles.
0-9
kV
Process settings
/ Spark settings
Arc quenching
Arc quenching
Number of quenching pulses
S, M
1 - 99
10
Pulses
Process settings
/ Spark settings
Auxiliary
Auxiliary input
For opacity, boiler load etc.
00.0 - 25.0
Read
only
mA
Readings
or
Tests+
Av. Curr. max
Secondary Current Average Max M
0 - T/R rating
1000
mA
Set up / T/R
Average
Average
1-30 min average of the opacity
signal.
0 - 100
Read
only
Master+
Calibrating
Calibrating
Lit when the calibration is active
and the algorithm is frozen.
!=ON
"=OFF
Read
only
Text string
Master+
Cancel VI-collection Cancel the VI-collection
---
---
---
Set up / VI-curve
Charge ratio
S, M
1/1 - 1/999 or
2/4 - 2/998
1/1
Number/
number
Operation+
or
Process settings
/ Mode #
Charging Ratio
The control parameter for Semipulse Fired/Total, No of half periods
Page 82
8. Variable list
Name in RTU
windows
The complete name &

description
Passw. Range
etc.
Charging ratio
S, M
Charging ratio
The control parameter for Semipulse used during the VI-curve collection.
Collector area
Collector area
Collector are for this field/cell
S, M
Def.
value
Unit of
measurement
Path to the RTU

window
1:1 - 1:999
1:1
Number/
number
Set up / VI-curve
/ Settings
1 - 9999
m2
Set up / ESP
Cor time
Setup / EPOQ+
Cor time rel
Setup / EPOQ+
Cor time step

Coupl.
Setup / EPOQ+
Coupling of Timers to output
S, M
NO
AND
OR
AND NOT
NO
CR wait
Set up /
I/O Groups /
Timers
Setup / EPOQ+
CRC error
No. of CRC errors to Flktbus
Current limit
Current limit
Resulting current limit of OpOpt
1 - 100
Read
only
Master+
Current limit
Actual Pulse Current Limit
0 - T/R rating
Read
only
mA
Operation
Current limit
Pulse Current Limit

Ave. of all ignited current pulses
0 - T/R rating x 2
1000
mA
Operation+
or
Process settings
/ Mode #
Current limit min
Current limit minimal for opacity S, M,

opt.
MU
0 - 50
10
Master++
Current Step
Current step after spark
S, M
1 - 98
15
% of actual
secondary
current.
Operation+
or
Process settings
/ Mode #
Date
Date
S, M
YYYY-MM-DD
1980-01-012079-12-31
Year,
Month,
Day
Set up / System
DI Name:
The name of the input
S, H
7 letters
DigAux
1-4
Text string
Set up / Inputs
DI Type:
Type of connected input signal
S, H
Not con.,
Alarm-T,
Alarm-W,
Mode toggle,
MU M toggle,
Opac. cal.
Rapper,
Alarm Reset
Not con
Text string
Set up / Inputs
DI01-DI16
Read the digital inputs
!=ON
"=OFF
Read
only
Tests++
DI4 - 10
Polarity of alarm
S, H
!=NO
"=NC
Set up / Alarm
DO01-DO07
Digital Output
Only possible to change if Test
Mode is active
!=ON
"=OFF
Tests+++
Duration
Duration
The total time length of the VIcurve collection.
0 - 999
Read
only
E2Prom
Test of E2PROM
S, M
0-
4x109
Read
only
Diagnostics
Seconds
Set up / VI-curve
Command
Tests++++
Page 83
8. Variable list
Name in RTU
windows
The complete name &

description
Passw. Range
etc.
EPOQ
S, M
EPOQ
Electrostatic Precipitator Optimizing Q Algorithm.
Optimizing Charging Ratio and current limit.
EPOQ state
EPOQ
Monitoring the progress of the
EPOQ software
ON
OFF
Def.
value
Unit of
measurement
Path to the RTU

window
OFF
Operation+
or
Process settings
/ Mode #
Read
only
Set up / EPOQ
S, H,
ESP address limits: ESP address limits: High
MU
High
The Highest address on the network which will be controlled by the
Master.
5 - 125
125
Numbers
Set up / System
S, H,
ESP address limits: ESP address limits: Low
Low
The lowest address on the network MU
which will be controlled by the Master.
5 - 125
Numbers
Set up / System
ESP mode
ESP control
Controls the whole ESP operation
in the address limits.
On,
Off
Off
Text string
Master
First ign. angle
S, M
First Ignition angle
Determines the start current for the
first fired pulse after a sparkover
with short quenching.
0 - 100
100%=180
40
Process settings
/ Spark settings
Gain
Gain
S, M,
MU
0 - 200
20
Master+
Get parameter from Reset of all settings in non-volatile

Default
memory to initial factory settings.
Command
Set up /
System+
Get parameter from Copy parameters from a specified

Nod
node
Command
Set up /
System+
HCR
EPOQ
Highest allowed changing ratio.
1:1 - 1:999
1:61
High limit
High limit
Opacity high limit.
S, M,
MU
0 - 99
10
High voltage
Start/Stop of the T/R operation
ON/OFF
OFF
Idle cur. lim.
S, M
Idling Current Limit
Determines how much current that
will be inserted between the normal
Semipulse pulses.
0 - 10 mA
mA
Ave. of idling
pulses
Set up / T/R
Ign. ang. lim.
Ignition angle limit

S, M
Limits the maximum firing angle for
the SCRs.
100%= 180
0.0 - 100.0
100.0
Set up / T/R
Language
Language in the RTU windows
S, M
Number
Setup / System
Last collection
Last collection
Of VI Curve
Last ref meas OK
Last reference measurement OK

Shows NO if a reference measurement never is performed
LCR
Lowest allowed changing ratio

for EPOQ
Level (0-32)
Spark levels
Determines the Spark detection
level when Method is set to Current.
L, M U
yyyy-mm-dd
hh:mm
Read
only
YES
NO
Read
only
1:1 - 1:999
1:1
1 - 32
16
Set up / EPOQ+
%
Master+
Operation
Set up / VI-curve
YES/NO
Set up / EPOQ
Set up / EPOQ+
Number
Process settings
/ Spark settings
Page 84
8. Variable list
Name in RTU
windows
The complete name &

description
Passw. Range
etc.
Limit
S
Limit
This parameter informs the operator the type of limiter that was
active when the VI-curve function
was determining the maximum current.
Limiter
Limiter
Shows the limit that is active for the
moment.
Loop gain
Control Loop Gain

Damping factor for regulation
S, M
Def.
value
Unit of
measurement
Path to the RTU

window
OFF,
None,
Sec Current,
Prim current,
Peak volt,
Ign angle,
Spark,
Rapping,
Pulse curr.,
EPOQ,
Opacity opt.,
Pulse current,
ARC
Read
only
---
Set up / VI-curve
Off,
None,
Sec Current,
Prim current,
Peak volt,
Ign angle,
Spark,
Rapping,
VI curve,
Pulse curr.
EPOQ,
Opacity-opt.,
ARC
Read
only
1 - 50
10
Operation
Max sec curr

Method
Process settings
/ Spark settings
Setup / EPOQ+
Determines what method to be

used for spark detection.
S, H
Voltage
Current
Voltage
Text string
Set up / VI-curve
/ Settings
Min curr dens
Process settings
/ Spark settings
Setup / EPOQ+
Min. current density Minimum current density

This value is the lowest current
density the VI-collection will use
S, M
0 - 9999
10
A/m2
Mode
Mode
All modes contain the same set of
parameters.
Mode 1 - 6
Mode 1
Text string
Operation
Mode:
Mode of operation for the I/O

groups
S, H
Auto, On, Off, ----Cont.
-----
Text string
Set up /
I/O Groups /
Group configuration
Modes:
Mode change (global command) L, MU

Changes mode in all units controlled by the master unit.
Mode 1 - 6
Mode 1
Text string
Master
Momentary
Opacity Momentary value

1 second average of the opacity
signal
0 - 100%
Read
only
Master+
Monitors, 1st
1st Opacity monitor cell
A01 - L20
B01
Master+
1 - 100
Read
only
Master+
A01 - L20
B01
Master+
1 - 100
Read
only
Master+
7 letters
Iogrp
1-4
Text string
Set up /
I/O Groups /
Group configuration
Monitors, 1
st
Monitors, 2nd
Monitors, 2
Name:
nd
st
Returned value of 1 opacity

monitor. The opacity is shown as a
10 s average signal.
2nd Opacity monitor cell
nd
Returned value of 2 opacity

monitor. The opacity is shown as a
10 s average signal.
The name of the I/O group
S, H
Page 85
8. Variable list
Name in RTU
windows
The complete name &

description
Passw. Range
etc.
Def.
value
Unit of
measurement
New Q
Path to the RTU

window
Setup /
EPOQ++
NIC
NIC
Next in change
0 - 127
Read
only
Diagnostics
Normally closed
Polarity of operation of
DI14, DI16, DI1, DI2
S, H
" = Yes
! = No
" = Yes
Set up / Inputs
Off
Total number of T/Rs in off

position
0 - 999
Read
only
Count
Old Q
Master
Setup /
EPOQ++
On
Total number of T/Rs in on

position
0 - 999
Read
only
Opac. controlled
Opacity controlled
Opacity optim.
Opacity optimization
Starts or stops the Opacity optimization.
OpOpt Clim>
ON
OFF
OFF
S, M,
MU
ON
OFF
OFF
ON
OFF
Master
S, M
Opacity optimization pulse
current limit minimum
If the current is limited to a lower
level by the opacity algorithm, no
EPOQ reference measurement will
be performed.
0.0 - 100.0
15
Set up / EPOQ
Optimal Clim
EPOQ Optimal Pulse Current

Limit
0 - T/R rating
Read
only
mA
Set up / EPOQ
Optimal CR
EPOQ Optimal Charging Ratio
1/1 - 1/999
Read
only
Number/
number
Set up / EPOQ
Position:
Field/Cell
Position: Field/Cell
T/R position in ESP
S, M
A01 - L20
A01
Text string
Set up / ESP
Power Control
Power Control for Timer 1-6
On, Off
Off
Power Control
Power Control pulse current for

Timer 1-6
0 - T/R rating x 2
400
mA
Set up /
I/O Groups /
Power control
Pr. cur. ave
Primary Current Average
1.0 - 999.9
Read
only
Readings
Pr. cur. limit rms

Trip
Primary Line Current Limit

Trip Alarm
Operation above this limit is prevented by ignition angle reduction.
The T/R is tripped if current stays
above this limit > 5 seconds.
0 - 999.9
250
Arms
Set up / T/R
Pr. cur. rms
Primary Line Current RMS
0.0 - 999.9
Read
only
Arms
Operation
or
Readings
Pr. volt rms
Primary Line Voltage Rms
0 - 999
Read
only
Operation
or
Readings
Prim Curr adjustm.
Primary current adjustment zero S, H
0 - 20
10
Number
Setup / T/R+
Primary current
(RMS)
Primary current signal
Read
only
mA
Tests+
Primary voltage
(RMS)
Primary voltage
Read
only
Tests+
S, M
Count
Master
Operation+
or
Process settings
/ Mode #
Set up /
I/O Groups /
Power control
Page 86
8. Variable list
Name in RTU
windows
The complete name &

description
Passw. Range
etc.
Program version
Program Version
Quench mod.
Spark Quench Mode
RAM
RAM Test
H
Only possible if Test Mode is active
Rapp all
Run all Rapper outputs
ON/OFF
OFF
Operation+
Rapp. Intens.
Rapping Intensity
The number of times that the
repetition time is prolonged.
1 - 10
Operation+
or
Process settings
/ Mode #
Ratio for Line volt.

xformer
Primary Line Voltage Transformer Ratio
S, H
100 - 700
500
V/5V
Set up / T/R +
Ratio for Prim. curr. Primary Line Current Transxformer

former Ratio
S, H
10.0 - 900.0
250
A/1A
Set up / T/R+
Ratio for Sec. curr.

shunt
Secondary Current Shunt Ratio
S, H
10.0 - 3000.0
1000.0
Ratio
mA/1V
Set up / T/R+
Ratio for Sec. volt.

ser. res.
Secondary Voltage Divider Ratio S, H

Standard.
Ratio
kV/0.4 mA
Set up / T/R+
S, M
Def.
value
Unit of
measurement
Path to the RTU

window
Read
only
Set up / System
SELF
SHORT
SELF+SHORT
SHORT
Text string
Operation+
or
Process settings
/ Mode #
Command
Tests++++
20.0kV/0.4 200.0kV/0.4
90
20.0kV/0.1 200.0kV/0.1
By removing jumpers
R142 and R144
kV/0.1mA
0 - 4x1099
Read
only
Repetition time for charging

ratio optimization
00:00 - 23:59
Read
only
Hours,
Minutes
Set up / EPOQ
Rep ref meas
Repetition time for reference

measurement
00:00 - 23:59
Read
only
Hours,
Minutes
Set up / EPOQ
Repet. Time
Repetition time for Rapper outputs
0:00:00 365:23:59
0:00:00
Days
Hours
Minutes
Setup /
I/O Groups /
Timers #
Reset alarm
Sum alarm reset
Command
Reset NIC <>0
Number of Reset NIC <>0
0 - 4x1099
Read
only
Diagnostics
Run time
Run time for timer 1-6
S, M
hh:mm:ss
00:00:00 Hours
Minutes
Seconds
Set up /
I/O Groups /
Timers
Sampl. interv
Sampling interval
for average signal calculation
S, M,
MU
1 - 30
Minutes
Master+
Sample interval
Sample interval
A specified waiting time before
measuring each current value.
S, M
0 - 255
Seconds
Set up / VI-curve
/ Settings
Save settings
Save settings
Save all active settings in
non-volatile memory
Command
Save settings
Sec. curr. Average
Secondary Current Average
0 - 9999
Read
only
mA
Readings+
Sec. curr. Density
Secondary Pulse Current

Density
0 - 1000
Read
only
A/m2
Operation
or
Readings+
Sec. curr. Peak
Secondary Current Peak
0 - 9999
Read
only
mA
Readings+
Receive errors
Receive error counter
Rep Opt CR
Diagnostics
Operation
Page 87
8. Variable list
Name in RTU
windows
The complete name &

description
Passw. Range
etc.
Def.
value
Unit of
measurement
Path to the RTU

window
Sec. curr. Pulse
Secondary Pulse Current
0 - 9999
Read
only
mA
Readings+ or
Operation
Sec. volt. Average
Secondary Voltage
Average
0.0 - 999.9
Read
only
kV
Operation
or
Readings+
Sec. volt. Peak
Secondary Voltage Peak
0.0 - 999.9
Read
only
kV
Readings+
Sec. volt. Valley
Secondary Voltage Valley
0.0 - 999.9
Read
only
kV
Readings+
Secondary current
Secondary Current Signal
Read
only
mA
Tests+
Secondary voltage
Secondary Voltage Signal
Read
only
Tests+
Set
Set
Opacity set value
S, M,
MU
1 - 99
Master+
Short quenching
Short Quenching
Number of half periods
S, M
2-9
Pulses
Operation+
or
Process settings
/ Mode #
Slope Rise A
Slope Rise A
S, M
0.0 - 100.0
80.0
Process settings
/ Spark settings
Slope Rise B
Slope Rise B
Read
only
Process settings
/ Spark settings
Slope Rise C
Slope Rise C
S, M
High
Medium
Low
High
Slope Time A
Slope Time A
S, M
0 - 100
Process settings
/ Spark settings
Slope Time B
Slope Time B
Read
only
Process settings
/ Spark settings
Spark rate
Spark Rate, Detected

Sparks Per Minute (Double are
counted as 1)
0 - 999
Read
only
spm (sparks per

minute)
Operation
or
Readings++
Spark rate lim.
Spark Rate Limit

Limitation of sparks
S, M
0 - 450
10
spm (sparks per

minute)
Operation+
or
Process settings
/ Mode #
Spark sens.
Spark Sensitivity
High value= low sensitivity
Low value= high sensitivity
S, H
1.0 - 99.9
40.0
kV/ms
Process settings
/ Spark settings
+
Spark sensing
method
Spark Sensing Method
S, H
Voltage/Current
Voltage
Process settings
/ Spark settings
Process settings
/ Spark settings
Start ref meas, hour Start hour for reference measurement.

Consists of an hour variable.
S, H, M 00 - 23
00
Hours
Set up / EPOQ
Start ref meas, min- Start minutes for reference

utes
measurement.
Consists of an minute variable.
S, H, M 0 - 60
dep.
Minutes
field/cell
Set up / EPOQ
Start Time
Start Time for Rapper outputs
S, M
0:00:00 365:23:59:59
0:00:00
Days
Hours
Minutes
Seconds
Setup /
I/O Groups /
Timers #
Start VI-collection
Start VI-collection
Starts the collection and stores the
values.
Command
Set up / VI-curve
Page 88
8. Variable list
Name in RTU
windows
The complete name &

description
Passw. Range
etc.
Def.
value
Unit of
measurement
Path to the RTU

window
Step at spark
Step at spark
S, M
Current reduction when VI curve is
limited by sparkover.
1 - 25
Set up / VI-curve
/ Settings
Supervisor active
This node is Flaktbus supervisor -
0-1
Read
only
Diagnostics
Test mode
Test mode is active
Yes, No
No
Tests
Time
L, M
Time
The actual real time. Used for time
synchronized functions like Rapping.
HH,MM,SS
00:00:00 Hours,
Minutes,
Seconds
Set up / System
Total
Total T/R:s
The total number of connected
T/R:s controlled by ESP-Master
MU
0 - 999
Read
only
Counts
Master
Total number of
EPIC in mode 1-6
Total number of EPIC:s in mode

1-6 controlled by ESP-master
MU
0 - 999
Read
only
Counts
Master
Total power
Total active power

for the EPIC:s controlled by ESPmaster
MU
0 - 999999
Read
only
kW
Master
Total sum alarm
Total sum alarm reset
Command
Trip
Total Tripping units
0 - 999
Read
only
Counts
Master
Type:
Type of device connected to I/O

group
S, H
Rapper,
Transport,
Heater,
Conf.DO.,
Unconf. Do.,
ESP-ctrl,
T/R status,
Not conn.
Not
conn.
Text string
Set up /
I/O Groups /
Group configuration
Unit: Address
FlktBus address
S, H
5 - 125
number
Set up / System
Unit: Master unit
Master
Assigns an EPIC II to a Master
EPIC
S, H
YES
NO
NO
Unit: Name
Unit Name
The name that appears in all
windows.
S, H
Max 12 characters
EPIC-III
Master
Set up / System
Text string
Upeak
Set up / System
Setup /
EPOQ++
Used EPOQ Clim
Used EPOQ Current Limit
0 - T/R rating
Read
only
mA
Set up / EPOQ
Used EPOQ CR
Used EPOQ Charging Ratio

Decides Charging Ratio if EPOQ is
ON
1/1 - 1/999
Read
only
Number/
number
Set up / EPOQ
Uval
Setup /
EPOQ++
Warn.
Total warning units
0 - 999
Read
only
VI state
VI state
The status and progress of the VI curve collection. 1-2 = initiation 1022= collection of data.
0 - 22
OFF
ON
Read
only
Volt.peak lim.
Voltage Peak Limit
0.0 - 999.9
15
S, M
Counts
Master
Set up / VI-curve
kVp
Operation+
or
Process settings
/ Mode #
Page 89
8. Variable list
Name in RTU
windows
The complete name &

description
Passw. Range
etc.
Def.
value
Unit of
measurement
Path to the RTU

window
Voltage limit ave.

High trip
Secondary Voltage High Trip

Alarm Average
Alarm delay 1 s
S, M
0.0 - 999.9
90.0
kV
Set up / T/R
Voltage limit ave.

Low trip
Secondary Voltage Low Trip

Alarm Average
Alarm delay 20 s
S, M
0 - 999
5.0
kV
Set up / T/R
Voltage limit ave.

Low warning
Secondary Voltage Low Warning Alarm Average

Alarm delay 20 s
S, M
0 - 999
10.0
kV
Set up / T/R
Vref
Setup / EPOQ+
Vref wait
Setup / EPOQ+
Page 90
8. Variable list
Page 91
9. Trouble shooting
9. Trouble shooting
This chapter tells you what to do when there is a malfunction. It is of great
importance that you read the following instructions before trying to do anything yourself.
Warning!
Do not unscrew the enclosure and expose the circuit
board.
The warranty is void if the enclosure has been open by
unauthorized personnel.
Static electricity (ESD) may destroy the integrated circuits
on EPIC III circuit board if the enclosure is opened.
When sending the EPIC III for service, please send the
whole unit to ALSTOM Power. Do not remove the circuit
board from the enclosure.
9.1. Alarm messages

This is a description of alarm messages from EPIC III displayed on the RTU.
The same alarm code number and similar text are used at alarm situations on
other FlktBus units.
Alarm code
Date and time when the

alarm occurred.
The name of the alarming

node
ALARM #19
2002 June 18 11:20

# 6
From node EPIC III
LV isolation switch, T/R tripped
Alarm message
Acknowledge
This command confirms

that you have registered
the alarm. The alarm
message will disappear
and will not be displayed
again. The alarm is however still active.
Node
address
Reset Block alarm 1 min
This command resets the

alarm. If the error still
remains the alarm will be
reactivated.
This command suppresses all alarm messages for 1 minute.
This key cancels the

alarm message and
returns to the previous
window without taking
any action. The alarm
message will disappear,
but the alarm will be displayed again if active.
There are three ways to locate an alarm:

1.
An alarm message is displayed on the RTU as the above.
Page 92
9. Trouble shooting
2.
The [Alarm Table] shows all acknowledged and blocked alarms.
3.
The [Node list] shows an alarm clock icon beside the alarming node.
When an alarm message is displayed the following steps must be taken:

1.
Register the alarm and write down the alarm code number.
This is very important especially for those alarms that need external
service assistance.
2.
Check [Alarm Table] menu and see if more alarms are active and write
them down.
3.
Remedy the fault or faults according to the priority of the alarm and follow the instructions in the Alarm messages list.
4.
Reset all alarms in the [Operation] menu.
9.2. Alarm messages list

This is a list of all alarm messages from EPIC III. The alarm messages are in
alarm code number order. The alarm code number is located at the top of the
alarming window.
9.2.1.
External alarm messages

Alarm # 1
Temperature high, Warning
Cause:
The temperature of the T/R is high.
Solution:
Check the T/R and the temperature indicator.
Alarm # 2
Cause:
Solution:
Temperature high, T/R tripped

The temperature of the T/R is too high.
Check the T/R and the temperature indicator.
Alarm # 3
Cause:
Solution:
Check oil, Warning

The oil warning indicator is activated.
Check the T/R and the oil indicator.
Alarm # 4
Cause:
Solution:
Check oil, T/R tripped

The oil trip indicator is activated.
Check the T/R and the oil indicator.
Alarm # 5
Cause:
Solution:
LV isolation switch, T/R tripped

The switch is open and has disconnected the power to the T/R.
Check the switch.
Alarm # 6
Cause:
Solution:
HV safety breaker, T/R tripped

The breaker does not allow the T/R to operate.
Check the breaker.
Alarm # 7
Cause:
Solution:
SCR temperature high, T/R tripped

The temperature of the SCRs (thyristors) are too high.
Check the SCRs.
Alarm # 9
AC-current high, T/R tripped
Page 93
9. Trouble shooting
Cause:
Solution:
Alarm # 10
Cause:
Solution:
Alarm # 11
Cause:
Solution:
Alarm # 12
Cause:
Solution:
Alarm # 18
Cause:
The primary line current has exceeded the trip alarm limit in
[Set-up] [T/R].
Check all analog input signals by setting a low value on the
Ignition angle limit and compare EPIC III readings with
external measurements, if they are okay, check the T/R.
DC-voltage low, T/R tripped
The secondary voltage has stayed below the low trip alarm
limit in [Set-up] [T/R] for more than 30 sec.
Check the Electrostatic Precipitator for short circuits. If it is
okay check the kV measurement signal and the alarm level.
DC-voltage low, Warning
The secondary voltage has stayed below the low warning
alarm limit in [Set-up] [T/R] for more than 30 sec.
Check the Electrostatic Precipitator for short circuits. If it is
okay check the kV measurement signal and the alarm level.
DC-voltage high, T/R tripped
The secondary voltage has exceeded the high trip alarm limit
in [Set-up] [T/R].
Check the T/R and its connection to the Electrostatic Precipitator. If it is okay check the kV measurement signal and the
alarm level.
Solution:
Contactor error, T/R tripped

The feedback from the main contactor is missing during T/R
ON condition.
Check the contactor and its connections.
Alarm # 50
Cause:
Solution:
XXXXXXX, I/O Group 1 error, Warning

The feedback from the I/O Group 1 contactor is missing.
Alarm # 51
Cause:
Solution:

Alarm # 52
Cause:
Solution:

Alarm # 53
Cause:
Solution:
Rapping OFF when T/R ON > 30 min.

The Rappers are not in operation when T/R is ON.
Change the mode to auto. Check that the Rapping sequence is
correct set. Check connections and the contactor.
Alarm # 54
Cause:
Solution:
Rapping continuously > 30 min, warning.

When Rapping sequence is CONT > 30 min.
This message is always displayed when the rapper sequence
has been working continuously in position CONT. for more
than 30 minutes.
Page 94
9. Trouble shooting
Alarm # 55
Cause:
Solution:

Alarm # 56
Cause:
Solution:
Transp. OFF when T/R ON > 30 min, Warning

The Transport are not in operation when T/R is ON.
Change the Transport mode to auto. Check connections and
the contactor.
Alarm # 58
Cause:
Solution:
XXXXXXX, External input, Warning

The digital input Aux 2 T#40, 56 has been activated.
Check the connections.
Alarm # 59
Cause:
Solution:
XXXXXXX, External input, Trip

Alarm # 60
Cause:
Solution:

Alarm # 61
Cause:
Solution:

Alarm # 62
Cause:
Solution:

The digital input Aux 3 T#25 41 has been activated.
Alarm # 63
Cause:
Solution:

Alarm # 70
Cause:
Solution:
Sparks at low voltage > 1 hour, warning.

The EPOQ optimizing has been prevented for more than
1 hour due to sparks at peak voltage < 20 kV
Check the condition of the actual ESP bus section.
Epoq ref.meas prevented 3 times, warning.
The EPOQ reference measurement has been prevented the last
three times.
This occurs if the possibilities to change the secondary current
are strongly limited, or if very frequent sparks are disturbing
the measurement.
Check the condition of the actual ESP bus section.
Alarm # 86
Cause:
Solution:

Alarm # 87
Cause:
Solution:

Solution:
Alarm # 71
Cause:
Probable
cause:
Page 95
9. Trouble shooting
Alarm # 93
Cause:
Solution:
9.2.2.
VI curve prevented
EPOQ and/or rapping prevents the VI-curve function to run
for more than 5 minutes.
Synchronize the VI-curve with the rappers and/or the EPOQ
or switch of the EPOQ and/or the rappers during the VI-curve
configuration. Also see heading 7.9. VI-curve function on
page 55.
Internal alarm messages

Alarm # 210 Controller restarted, Trip
Cause:
The Controller has restarted.
Action:
Check the 24 V supply voltage.
Alarm # 212 All settings reset by operator, Warning
Cause:
The message is displayed when the operator has restored settings to default in [Set Up] [System] [Restore].
Solution:
Continue the operation with the default values or re-enter new
values.
Alarm # 213 Watchdog reset, Trip
Cause:
Internal error inside EPIC III.
Solution:
See heading 9.2.3. Remedy of internal alarm messages on
page 95.
Alarm # 215 Successful program update, Trip
Cause:
The message is displayed when the EPIC has restarted after
program re-load.
Action:
Alarm # 221 Real time clock re-initiated, Warning
Cause:
Internal error inside EPIC III or the internal backup capacitor
is discharged. Power has been down for more than 2 weeks.
Solution:
Set correct time again in [Set Up] [System]. If this does not
help, see heading 9.2.3. Remedy of internal alarm messages
on page 95.
9.2.3.
Remedy of internal alarm messages

When an alarm message with alarm code number #200 or higher is displayed
proceed as follows:
1.
Restart EPIC III by switching off the 24 V power and turning it on

again.
2.
If the same alarm message is displayed once again, replace the EPIC III
unit with a spare unit. Write down the alarm message and label the
faulty EPIC III unit with this message.
3.
Contact nearest service center, see section 9.8. Warranty & Repair
Service on page 101.
Page 96
9. Trouble shooting
9.3. External alarms

External alarms are input signals to EPIC III such as, Check oil, DC-Voltage
low, etc. EPIC III gives alarm message at a certain level dependent of settings in [Set Up]. It is of great importance that all inputs have been tested
during first start-up so that EPIC III gives the right alarm message for each
event.
See heading 9.2. Alarm messages list on page 92 for further information of
each alarm.
9.4. Other faults

Symptom
Solution
All LEDs on the front panel are dark.

Check the 24 V supply to the EPIC III.
Symptom
Solution
The alarms cannot be reset from RTU.

The alarm may still be active. If not check input signal with
[Field Test]. (Replace alarm contacts (indicators) if alarm
is wrongly given).
Symptom
Solution
The T/R cannot be switched to ON from RTU.

Check that all trip alarms have been reset. If the T/R still
cannot be switched to ON, check the main T/R contactor.
Check also that the Test mode is not active (See [Field
Test]).
Symptom
The operating values in [Readings] are low and not

normal.
Probably cause A limit has a too low value for the operation.
Solution
See [Operation] window and check if any Limiter is
active. Increase the parameter which limits the operation, if
it is to low.
Page 97
9. Trouble shooting
9.5. Diagnostics windows

9.5.1.
9.5.1.1.
[Communication stats.]
Receiver error
Displays the accumulated number of hardware detected FlktBus communication errors sensed by this unit. Errors may be caused by interference from
other electrical equipment, or by connecting or disconnecting units to the
bus.
The ideal state for a network is a stable figure. A slow increase in number is
however acceptable as maximum error rate is dependent on the current configuration of the network. For example a small network containing a few
EPICs and an RTU is less sensitive to high error rate than a network using a
gateway.
In general, the error rate should be kept as low as possible. Network design
parameters such as cable routing, bus terminators, etc. considerably influence the network error rate.
9.5.1.2.
CRC error
This is also an error counter that displays the accumulated number of communication errors detected by the software.
9.5.1.3.
Reset NIC <> 0

This figure is incriminated when a unit is logically attached to the bus. The
ideal state for a network is a stable figure.
9.5.1.4.
NIC
NIC = Next in chain displays the token destination address for this node
(only used for advanced troubleshooting).
9.5.1.5.
Supervisor active
The figure 1 denotes that this node is in FlktBus supervisor mode. Only one
node may be current supervisor.
Page 98
9. Trouble shooting
9.6. Test windows

The [Tests] windows assumed for trouble shooting only. There are two ways
to use the [Tests].
Test mode
The Test mode is in off position and the status of inputs and outputs can be
checked during operation.
Test mode
This mode does not change or destroy any settings.
The Test mode is activated and digital outputs can be directly controlled and
there is a possibility to run the non-volatile memory and the control circuit
(Watchdog) test. All digital outputs and LEDs can also be manually tested.
Note!
Disconnect EPIC III from network with the network switch at front of
EPIC III before activating the Test mode and connect the RTU at the
front of EPIC III.
9.6.1.
Analog inputs [Test mode 1]

This window shows measured values of the analog inputs. Check that all
inputs have input signals.
Note!
These values are measured at the inputs of the screw terminal. Use a
universal meter and check that all values are OK.
Page 99
9. Trouble shooting
9.6.2.
Digital Input [Test mode 2]

This window shows all digital inputs. A digital input is activated and the box
to the right of the input is filled when it receives an input signal. See section
10. Technical data on page 103 for detailed information of each input.
9.6.3.
Digital and analog outputs [Test mode 3]

This window shows all digital outputs as well as the two analog outputs. The
box to the right of each output is filled when the output relay is active
(closed). When the Test mode is activated the digital outputs can be manually
controlled. By activating or deactivating the relay contact each output can be
checked and tested. Select for example one inactive output and press OK.
The output will be active and the box will be filled. See section 10. Technical
data on page 103 for detailed information of each output.
The analog outputs can be checked in a similar way, by measuring the voltage indicated in the window.
Note!
Before activating an output make sure that you know what you are
doing because if you activate e.g. DO01 (TR ON) the contactor will be
activated.
9.6.4.
E2PROM and RAM [Test mode 4]

In this window an E2PROM and an RAM test can be performed.
Page 100
9. Trouble shooting
9.7. Program update

The company is continuously updating the EPIC III software with new features for precipitator tuning and control. New program versions can be
loaded in this way.
Loading via RS 232 serial port - The EPIC III program can be loaded by
using a standard PC and a serial adaptor (V4 555 779) connected directly to
the controller (PCB), see figure 14. Remove the top cover from the EPIC III.
Handle the printed circuit board with care and protect it from electrostatic
discharge.
.
The controller
without top cover P4
Serial adapter
V4 555 779
CPU
24 V AC or DC
to 1 and 13
RS-232
Laptop
Figure 14. Updating RS 232 serial bus

Note!
Use the program loading tool ProgCon.exe. This program can be run in
a DOS window in any of the following operating systems: OS2, Win3.x,
Win95, Win98 or Win NT. The operation is described in the ProgCon
Manual.
Page 101
9. Trouble shooting
9.8. Warranty & Repair Service

9.8.1.
General
In order to make the ALSTOM Power Service electronic service as efficient
as possible, all units / components are handled according to the following
routine(s):
Field service is undertaken, either by the purchaser or by ALSTOM Power
Service local representative, from fault location down to unit level in compliance with the instructions in the EPIC III manuals.
The faulty unit is then sent to ALSTOM Power Service for repair. Remember
to label the unit with the return address and invoice address and include a
brief description of the fault symptoms.
ALSTOM Power Service will return either a new or a exchanged unit that
has been fully tested and configurated according to the application. A service
report accompanies each returned unit.
ALSTOM Power Service maintains a record of all repair information on
faults for statistical analysis.
9.8.2.
Warranty
Our products will continue to meet the demands of our customers for maximum quality and reliability both today and in the future.
ALSTOM Power Service electronic products carry the following warranty:
9.8.2.1.
ALSTOM Power Service hardware products

The warranty for ALSTOM Power Service hardware products includes guarantees against defects in materials and workmanship. If notice of such
defects is received by ALSTOM Power Service during the warranty period,
ALSTOM Power Service shall elect to either repair at an Alstom location or
replace such defective hardware.
9.8.2.2.
ALSTOM Power Service software products

The warranty for ALSTOM Power Service software products designated by
ALSTOM Power Service as suitable for use together with a hardware product when properly installed covers material defects and production defects
affecting the functioning of the software. If such a defect should arise during
the warranty period ALSTOM Power Service shall elect to either repair /
make good the defect or replace the defective software. ALSTOM Power
Service does not guarantee that the operation of software, hardware or programming is free from defects or free from operational disruptions.
Page 102
9. Trouble shooting
9.8.3.
Limitation of warranty
The aforementioned warranty does not apply to defects resulting from:
Improper or inadequate maintenance by the purchaser.

Software furnished by the purchaser himself.
Unauthorized modification or misuse.
Transportation or operation outside the specifications of the product.
Improper installation and maintenance.
9.8.4.
Warranty period
The warranty period is valid for one (1) year from the date of dispatch from
ALSTOM Power Service, if nothing else has been agreed in writing. The
purchaser shall prepay freight charges (including all customs duties and
taxes) for products that are returned to ALSTOM Power Service for repair
under this warranty. ALSTOM Power Service shall pay for the return of
products to the purchaser.
9.8.5.
Repair and service address:

All defective equipment / units / components should be sent to the nearest
service centre or to:
ALSTOM Power Service
Kvarnvgen
SE-352 41 Vxj
SWEDEN
Page 103
10. Technical data
10. Technical data

10.1. General
Size (W x D x H)
Enclosure
Mounting holes
Weight:
Permissible ambient
operation temperature
Permissible ambient
storage temperature
Fuse
Mains requirement
Power consumption
EMC protection
Emission
Immunity
64 x 185 x 370 mm
Steel casing.
2 holes, 6.5 mm diam. See Appendix.
2.2 kg
+5 C to +60 C
-40 C to +85 C
1.6 A slow.
24 V AC or DC 15%
<15VA
EN 61000-6-4:2001
EN 55011:1998 class A
FCC part15 subpart B class A
CISPR 11:1997 class A
EN 61000-6-2:2001 industrial
ESD
EN 61000-4-2:1995+A1
8 kV air-, 4kV contact discharge
IEC 61000-4-2:1995+A1
Radio frequency Electromagnetic field
EN 61000-4-3:1996 10 V/m, 80-1000MHz
IEC1000-4-3:1995+A1
Electrical fast transients (burst)
EN 61000-4-4:1995 2kV
IEC 61000-4-4:1995
Surge transients
EN 61000-4-5:1995 2kV 12, 1.2/50s
IEC 61000-4-5:1995+corr1:1995
Conducted radio frequency interference
EN 61000-4-6:1996 10Vrms, 0.15-80MHz
IEC 61000-4-6:1996+corr1:1996
Connections
Immunity to voltage dips and interruptions

EN 61000-4-11:1994 -60% 1s
IEC 61000-4-11:1994
2 screw terminals with 8 terminals in each.
2 screw terminals with 12 terminals in each
2 screw terminals with 16 terminals in each
Page 104
10. Technical data
10.2. Analog inputs

Analog signals are sampled at a high speed with a 10 bit A/D converter preceded with anti aliasing filter. Analog inputs are balanced and capable of
making measurements during disturbances of up to 100V of common mode
signals. All inputs are protected against voltage transients.
Primary and secondary signals are sampled 32 times/half period.
NAME & descr.
INPUT SIGNAL
COMMENTS
T#
AI1, SECCUR,
Current to ESP
0-1 V DC, From T/

R shunt.
1 V average corresponds to T/R rated

average secondary current.
6+, 18-
AI2, SECVOLT,
Voltage at ESP
0-400 A DC, From

series resistor.
Ri=11.2 k
400 A average corresponds to T/R rated

average secondary voltage.
8+, 20-
0-100 A DC if
jumpers R142 and
R144 are removed.
Ri=41.3 k
Note!
Will not change the RTU-ratio window.
AI3, PRICUR
Primary current
0-1 A AC, Ri=0.5

From current transformer
1 A corresponds to the rated primary current of the measuring transformer.
9, 21
AI4, PRIVOLT
Primary line
voltage
0-5 V AC, Ri=ca 10

k From voltage
transformer
5 V corresponds to the converted rated primary voltage of the measuring transformer. EPIC uses this value for phase
reference, for calculating of consumed
power and to avoid operation on too low
line voltage.
10,22
AI5, AUX
Auxiliary input
4-20 mA, Ri=124

Common mode
input resistance=400 k
Auxiliary input for measurement of any

application specific variable. The use of
this input is determined by the actual
installed program.
11+, 23-
Page 105
10. Technical data
10.3. Analog outputs

NAME & descr.
OUTPUT SIGNAL
COMMENTS
T#
AO1, Secondary current
4-20 mA
A sec current of 0 mA will give an output of

4 mA and a sec current equal to the rated
current (max allowed) will give an output of
20 mA.
Load 0-600
4+, 16-
AO2, Secondary voltage
4-20 mA
A sec voltage of 0 kV will give an output of

4 mA and a sec voltage equal to the rated
voltage (max allowed) will give an output
of 20 mA.
Load 0-600
5+, 17-
10.4. Digital inputs

NAME & descr.
INPUT SIGNAL
ACTIVE
status
ACTIVE function/
ALARM MESSAGE
T#
DI01,
DIGAUX3
24 V DC or 24 V
AC, load approx.
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
24V **
Auxiliary input for signal according

to the application.
25, 41
DI02,
DIGAUX4
24 V DC or 24 V
AC, load approx.
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
24V **

to the application.
26, 42
DI03,
CONT-ON
24 V DC or 24 V
AC, load approx.
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
24V
Gives information to EPIC

that the main contactor is
ON. Gives alarm if NOT
present when DO02, TR-ON
is active.
ALARM, CONTACTOR
ERROR, TRIP
27, 43
DI04,
TR-TEMP-W
24 V DC or 24 V
AC, load approx.
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
24V*
The T/R overtemp switch

is activated.
28, 44
DI05,
TR-TEMP-T
24 V DC or 24 V
AC, load approx.
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
24V*
The T/R overtemp switch

is activated.
ALARM, T/R TEMP HIGH,
TRIP
29, 45
DI06,
OIL-W
24 V DC or 24 V
AC, load approx.
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
24V*
The oil sensor is activated.

ALARM, T/R OIL,WARNING
30, 46
DI07,
OIL-T
24 V DC or 24 V
AC, load approx.
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
24V*
The oil sensor is activated.

ALARM, T/R OIL, TRIP
31, 47
ALARM, T/R TEMP HIGH,

WARNING
Page 106
10. Technical data
NAME & descr.
INPUT SIGNAL
ACTIVE
status
ACTIVE function/
ALARM MESSAGE
T#
DI08,
LVSAFETY-T
24 V DC or 24 V
AC, load approx.
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
24V*
The low voltage isolation switch is

open.
ALARM, LOW VOLTAGE
ISOLATION SWITCH, TRIP
32, 48
DI09,
HVSAFETY-T
24 V DC or 24 V
AC, load approx.
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
24V*
The high voltage safety

breaker is open.
ALARM, HIGH VOLTAGE
SAFETY BREAKER, TRIP
33, 49
DI10,
SCRTEMP-T
24 V DC or 24 V
AC, load approx.
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
24V*
The SCR over temperature

switch is activated.
ALARM, SCR TEMPERATURE HIGH, TRIP
34, 50
DI11,
I/O GROUP 1
24 V DC or 24 V
AC, load approx.
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
24V
Signals I/O-group 1 in operation.
35, 51
DI12,
I/O GROUP 2
24 V DC or 24 V
AC, load approx.
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
24V
36, 52
DI13,
I/O GROUP 3
24 V DC or 24 V
AC, load approx.
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
24V
37, 53
DI14,
Dig AUX 1
24 V DC or 24 V
AC, load approx.
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
24V**

to the application.
38, 54
DI15,
I/O GROUP 4
24 V DC or 24 V
AC, load approx.
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
24V
39, 55
DI16,
Dig AUX 2
24 V DC or 24 V
AC, load approx.
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
24V**

to the application.
40, 56
Active status of this input can be changed at the site by selecting the
[Set up] [Alarm] RTU window.
** Active status of this input can be changed at the site by [Set up] [Inputs].
Page 107
10. Technical data
10.5. Digital outputs

NAME & descr.
SIGNAL/LOAD
COMMENTS
T#
SCR-A
SCR ignition
Special for Alstom

ignition board
Ignition signal for connection to the

A-SCRs ignition transformer.
2, 14
SCR-B
SCR ignition
Special for Alstom

ignition board
Ignition signal for connection to the

B-SCRs ignition transformer.
3, 15
DO01,
TR-ON
Max 50VAC/DC,1A
or 230V AC, 0.5 A.
Potential free contact, for control of an

external contactor.
57, 65
DO02,
I/O GROUP 1
Max 50VAC/DC,1A
or 230V AC, 0.5 A.
Potential free contact for control of I/O

group 1
58, 66
DO03,
I/O GROUP 2
Max 50VAC/DC,1A
or 230V AC, 0.5 A.

group 2
59, 67
DO04,
I/O GROUP 3
Max 50VAC/DC,1A
or 230V AC, 0.5 A.

group 3
60, 68
DO05,
I/O GROUP 4
Max 50VAC/DC,1A
or 230V AC, 0.5 A.

group 4
61, 69
DO06,
Sumalarm Trip
Max 50VAC/DC,1A
or 230V AC, 0.5 A.
Tripping relay
Potential free contact, both normally
closed and conducting during all alarm,
and mains power off, conditions.
62 NC
70 NO
63 Common
DO07,
Sumalarm
Warning
Max 50VAC/DC,1A
or 230V AC, 0.5 A.
Warning relay
Potential free contact, both normally
closed and conducting during all alarm,
and mains power off, conditions.
64 NC
72 NO
71 Common
10.6. Power supply

NAME & descr.
SIGNAL/LOAD
T#
Power supply
24 V AC or DC
15%
1, 13
10.7. Communication
NAME & descr.
SIGNAL/LOAD
FlktBus
communication
Special for FlktBus communication
T#
See FlktBus installation instructions at
the end of this manual.
12, 24
Page 108
10. Technical data
10.8. Front panel LEDs

NAME & descr.
COMMENTS
L0, POWER
Power On, 5 V internally generated
L1, ALARM
Indicates during all alarm conditions. ON=tripping alarm. Flickering

lamp=warning alarm.
L2, SPARK
One flickering for each detected spark
L3, TOKEN
Flickering lamp during communication.
L4, TR-ON
ON if input DI03 is ON.
L5, SYNC
ON when AI04-PRIVOLT is present and EPIC is locked to line frequency.
L6
Spare
Page 109
11. Word list
11. Word list

FlktBus
Field bus with token passing concept.
Gateway
Communication protocol translator.
Network node address list
A list of all nodes with name and addresses

made by ALSTOM Power
Node
A node (unit) is a single addressable entity on

FlktBus
Node list
A window in RTU containing all nodes connected to net.
ProMo
A colour graphic software package for process

control.
RTU
The Remote Terminal Unit gives operators an

alpha numerical and graphical interface to ESP
parameters.
Page 110
11. Word list
Page 111
Appendices
Appendices
EPIC III settings
Mounting drawing EPIC III
Mounting drawing ignition transformer
Connection diagram, example
Declaration of conformity
FlktBus manual
Page 112
Appendices
EPIC III SETTINGS

Plant name
Unit No.
ESP
Date
Set up system
Date
Time
Set Up Alarms
Unit:
Address
Name
Master
Address limits:
Low
High
Program version:
MODE SETTINGS
PARAMETERS
UNITS
MODE 1
Volt. peak lim
kV
Current limit
mA
Charge ratio
-:EPOQ
On/Off
Rapp intensity
Rapp all
On/Off
Spark rate lim
spm
Current step
%
Short quenching
pls
Quench mod.
Opac. controlled
On/Off
Spark settings/levels
Slope:
Rise A
Rise B
Rice C
Time A
Time B
Spark sens
Method
% Arc det.level <
% Arc quenching
First ign.angle
%
% Loop gain
kV/ms Level
Set Up T/R Limit

Pr.curr.limit rms:
Voltage limit ave:
Trip
A
Low warning
Low trip
High trip
Ign.ang.limit
%
Idle cur.limit
mA
Av.Curr max
DI 04
DI 05
DI 06
DI 07
DI 08
DI 09
MODE 2
MODE 3
DI:
14
16
1
2
Name:
Set up inputs
Type:
Used node numbers:

EPIC III
Master unit (MU)
RTU
DIxx
=
=
MODE 4
Normal
0V
24V
MODE 5
Alarm
24V
0V
MODE 6
Config I/O groups

Name:
Type:
Mode:
kV
pls
%
DI
11
12
13
15
/ DO
02
03
04
05
%
%
kV
kV
kV
mA
Start
(d:hh:mm:ss)
Set up Timer 1-6

Repet.
Run time
(d:hh:mm)
(hh:mm:ss)
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
Set up T/R Ratio

Ratio for:
Line volt. xformer
Prim.curr. xformer
Sec. volt. ser.res
Sec. curr. shunt
Prim.curr. adjustm
DI 10
Set up Power Ctrl

V = 5V
A = 1A
kV = 0.4 mA
mA = 1 V
0-20
Timer 1
Timer 2
Timer 3
Timer 4
Timer 5
Timer 6
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
I/O Group connection
Norm. closed:
Connect I/O -group 1 to Timer
Set up ESP
Position:
Field/Cell
Collector area
Coupl.
Intentionelly blank
Intentionelly blank
Intentionelly blank
Intentionelly blank
Intentionelly blank
FlktBus
Process I/O bus
Based on the token passing concept.
Installation Instructions
Doc no V4555604/ 95-06-20
FlktBus-Process I/O bus

ALSTOM Power reserves the right to revise any publication and to make changes to its contents, at
any time, without obligation to notify any person or entity of such revision or changes, further, ALSTOM
Power reserves the right to make improvements and changes to any and all parts of hardware and
software, at any time, without obligation to notify any person or entity of such changes.
General
The FlktBus is a general I/O communication bus for ALSTOM Power process
control systems.
This installation instruction is general for all applications of the FlktBus. For
specific application instructions please refer to the specific unit manual.
IMPORTANT
The guarantee of undisturbedFlktBus operation is valid only if all points in this
installation instruction are followed.
Installation requirements
There are a few simple rules for configuring (installation of) FlktBus;
They are all derived from certain limits that are imposed on the physical channel
to ensure optimum performance of the network.
Bus cable
As bus cable, an unshielded twisted pair cable of 80 to 150 ohms characteristic
impedance is used. An unshielded cable is used because the use of shielding will
cause degeneration of signal level and appearance at longer distances due to higher
attenuation.
The twisted pair is the lowest cost option for medium size local area networks.
A balanced twisted pair circuit is less susceptible to noise ingress from environment
and generates less radiated energy.
Minimum conductor area is 0.5 mm2 AVG 20 to fit into the type of terminals used
by ALSTOM Power.
Approved cables
The following cables are tested and fulfils the requirements for use in a FlktBus
network:
LiYY,2 * 0.5mm2
RKKB, 2 * 0.5 mm2
Belden 8442, 2 * 0.76 mm2
(Belden 8444, 4 * 0.76 mm2 , connect the unused pair to ground
at one end point)
SHINAGAWA ELECTRIC, AWM STYLE 2868, 20 AWG/2
Radox 125, 2 * 0.75 mm2 (Huber & Suhner, CH)
IMPORTANT
Use exactly the same type and dimension of cable throughout the whole
installation, even in short distances such as from terminal to connector.
Different cable types will give reflections of pulses and thereby loss of
information.
2
Doc no V4555604 / 1995-06-20
Cable length
Maximum of total cable length allowed in a single network, including connection
taps, is 1000 m. If longer cables are required please contact ALSTOM Power,
Dept. ME for latest available information about expansions.
Taps should be as short as possible, preferably less than 0.4 m. FlktBus allows up
to 115 taps of maximum 2 m, 3 taps up to 10 m and 2 taps up to 30 m.
Connection
The cable is connected to all units by screw terminals.
Termination
The bus must be terminated with 120 ohms at both ends, at which point transmitted
signals stop. Termination is very important also for short bus cable lengths. It is of
the greatest importance to install the terminating resistors at the two furthest points
of the bus, encompassing the longest distance of the bus trunk cable which may be
placed at the end of a longer tap.
} 0,4 m
Termination
120
Termination
120
Example of termination position
Node requirements and connection

Up to 120 nodes can be tapped on to the bus cable. There is no requirement for
minimum distance between nodes. A node is a single addressable entity on
FlktBus. Each node shall have a unique address on the bus between 5 and 125.
Doc no V4555604 / 1995-06-20
Addresses 1 to 4 and 126 to 127 are reserved for service equipment.
Two nodes with the same address will not cause the communication to cease
for the other nodes connected to the bus, but lower the performance of the
system as a whole. It will not be possible to establish communication with two
nodes with same address.
Operation is not interrupted during installation or removal of nodes

unless the cable is cut.
Nodes are automatically included/disconnected when installed or at

failure.
A node can be powered off without interrupting network operation.

3
Protection from noise

Try to separate the FlktBus cable as much as possible from high voltage cables,
motors etc. surrounded by high electromagnet fields. Even though FlktBus is
tolerant to different types of noise, increasing noise will cause performance to
decrease.
FlktBus impedance test before start-up

It is important to measure the impedance of the bus installation before it's put into
operation. Follow the instructions below:
1. Disconnect all EPIC, SIR, MTU and RTU from the FlktBus network eg.
unplug connector 17-32 on all EPICs and unplug the cable to all RTUs.
2. Disconnect the termination resistors.
3. Measure the wire resistance while shorting the two conductors in the far opposite
end. The resistance should be R<L x 0.1 [ohm]. L= cable length in meters.
4. Measure the insulation resistance with an ohm meter* at no load.

The resistance should be R> 100k ohm.
5. Reconnect termination resistors and plug in EPIC, RTU etc..

Make sure that all connectors are pulled tightly to ensure good connections.
* Do not use Megger type of insulation tester.
Doc no V4555604 / 1995-06-20
v1 r4 V5200227-EN
ABCD
ALSTOM Power Service - Box 1233, SE-351 12 Vxj
Tel.: +46 (0) 470-76 20 00 - www.environmental.powerservice.alstom.com

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EPIC III Flktbus

Operators Manual and Installation Instructions

Copy settings ............................................ 46

EPIC III main unit, includes all processing power.

EFFIC Fabric Filter Control

EFFIC Fabric Filter Control

EPIC III Control unit for T/R\s

EFFIC Control unit for Fabric filter

1.2. EPIC III controller

Power Supply feed from 24V AC or DC.

Power from the +5 V power supply unit is OK

Indicates during all alarm conditions

One flicking for each detected spark

Flicking during communication over FlktBus

Indicates if the main contactor and T/R is ON.

Indicates when EPIC is locked to line frequency.

RTU connector Service connector with power and FlktBus

ON = (Normal position) EPIC connected to external FlktBus network

2. The EPIC menu system

Figure 1. Explanation of EPIC III window structure

2.3. [Alarm Table]

[Alarm Table 1-5]

The Opacity Optimizing command activates or deactivates the Opacity

In addition, this window shows the total power consumption.

2.5. [Process settings]

Three more parameters concerning sparks are available in each operation

2.6. [Set Up Menu]

[Set up T/R Limit]

[Set up T/R Ratio]

[Set up I/O Groups]

[Timers 1-3], [Timers 4-6]

The EPOQ function contains the following three RTU windows:

2.10.0.2. [VI-Curve Graph]

2.13. [Save settings]

3.2. Assembly rules

EPIC III must be installed close to the SCRs.

4. First start up (including initial set up)

4.1. General instructions

4.2. Initial checks to avoid damage

Switch on the mains power supply.

Measure the power supply between terminal 1 and 13.

Measure the Primary line voltage from the measuring transformer

Switch off the mains power supply.

Reconnect all terminal connectors to EPIC III.

4.3. Power up self test

If an external alarm is displayed such as Temperature high, T/R

4.4. Set up of configuration parameters

[Set Up] [System], defining the position in the FlktBus network

Select the EPIC III unit.

The [Main menu] is now displayed. Select Set up.

The [Set Up] menu is now displayed. Select System.

The [System] window is now displayed.

Only used if this unit is

Select Date. Set actual day, month and year.

Select Time. Set actual time.

Shortly after pressing OK an error message is displayed.

[Set Up] [T/R]: defining the T/R and ESP

[Set Up] [T/R] [Ratio]

[Set Up] [ESP]

Figure 2. Node addresses and field/cell position (in bold text)

Position: Collector area

4.5. Digital alarm test

4.6. Ignition phase test