04/l1o1

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*

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Commission of the European Communities

energy
Concentration of technical gelatine by use of
a three-stage falling film evaporator with
mechanical vapour recompression (MVR)
Demonstration project

Commission of the European Communities

energy
Concentration of technical gelatine by use of
a three-stage falling film evaporator with
mechanical vapour recompression (MVR)
Demonstration project

A. M. B. Trommelen, A. J. M. Schellekens
Lijmfabriek Trabas BV
PO Box 14
5100 AA Dongen
The Netherlands

Contract No EE 349/85-NL

Final report

Directorate-General
Energy

1989

PARI FUR"P. Bi'jV

N.C/EJ,-<

CL^EUR 12108 EN

Published by the
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Directorate-General
Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation
L-2920 Luxembourg

LEGAL NOTICE
Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person
acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might
be made of the following information.

Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication

Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1989

ISBN 92-825-9675-3

Catalogue number: CD-NA-12108-EN-C

ECSC-EEC-EAEC, Brussels Luxembourg, 1989
Printed in the FR of Germany

C O N T E N T S

0.

Summary

1.

Introduction

2.

Aim of the Project

3.

Description of the MVR-Installation

3.1

Process Control Systems

3.1.1

Heat Balance Control

3.1.2

Capacity Control

3.2

The Start-up Procedure of the Installation

4.

Implementation of the Project

5.

Commissioning and Operation

6.

Checking Measurements

6.1

Introduction

6.2

Measurements

6.3

Calculation of Enthalpy and Power

10

6.4

The Energy Balance

12

7.

Technical and Economical Results

13

8.

Conclusions and Outlook

17

0.

___SUMMARY

This report deals with the application of the technology of Mechanical Vapour
Recompression in the evaporation-process within the (technical) gelatine industry.
In the production process of technical gelatine a clarified solution of b%
protein in water, with a temperature of approximately 85

C. must be concentrated

to about 35-40% dry matter.

For that purpose multiple-stage falling film evaporators are frequently applied,
in which the water is eliminated from the solution under reduced pressure.
Despite serious start-up problems, it appears that concentration by means of an
evaporator equipped with mechanical vapour recompression in this particular branch
of industry is technically applicable as well, can be economically viable and
proves to be a reliable technology.
An energy saving of more than 90% in comparison with a conventional 3-stage
evaporator with thermal vapour recompression has been achieved.
Within the international field of technical gelatine-industry, the user company
Lijmfabriek Trobas B.V. in Dongen - Holland is one of the major producers.

TROBAS technical gelatine plant in Dongen - Holland

INTRODUCTION

Trobas B.V. in Dongen - Holland produces hide qlue and technical qelatine from
hide-offals originating from tanneries, slaughter-houses and hide trading
companies. A simplified productionscheme is given below.

i Raw M a t e r i a l s
i
i
i

Liming
i
i
i

Washing

i
i
i

Extract ion
i
i
i

i
i

Clar] f i c a t i o n !
i

Evaporat ion
i

Cooling
i
i
i
i

i
i
i

Drying
Product

The hide-offals are plunged in a lime-milk solution and stored for a period of
about two months. During that period under influence of the lime, the insoluble
collagen is changed into water-soluble protein chains. The greater part of the
lime is eliminated by washing and the bound limerests are neutralised with acid.
The neutralised materials are rewashed several times. Afterwards the proteins
are extracted from the raw materials with water at temperatures between 70 and
100

C. After the extraction insoluble particles and grease are separated from

the protein solution by centrifuges. The clarified protein solution of 5S5 is

concentrated into a solution of about 40S5 protein by weight. The last stage in
the production process is the drying. The syrupy glue solution is put on an
endless coolingbelt. Here the protein solution turns into a solid elastic jelly.
This jelly is being cut into grains and dried.

-1 -

2.

AIM OF THE PROJECT

The object was, to demonstrate the concentration of a solution of (technical)

gelatine by using a continuous falling film multi-effect evaporator equipped
with Mechanical Vapour Recompression (MVR), instead of steam jet-Thermo Vapour
Recompression (TVR). The aimed energy saving in comparison with a modern TVR
evaporator was 80% : this corresponded with an annual energy saving of 645 Ton
Oil Equivalent and an estimated payback-time based on overcost of about 2.6
years.

3-stage M.V.R. evaporator

-2-

3.

DES

[ 0 i P I I O N _ 9 L M MVR-INSTAL L AION

Evaporation of water in processing industry is a unit operation which implies

high energy consumption. A suitable manner to reduce the energy consumption
drastically is the use of MVR.

The vapour is mechanically compressed to a higher pressure/temperature as it

has been done by steam jet thermo vapour recompressors (TVR) for a number of
decades. As a general principle in a TVR only a part of the vapour can be used
for recompressing. On the other hand the MVR operates with the whole vapour flow,
so that only small quantities of live-steam and coolingwater are necessary to
keep the thermal balance over the installation in equilibrium. In order to operate
the MVR in an optimal way, only a small temperature difference over this kind
of installation is designed. This, however, involves a large heating surface
and thus increased investment costs.

On appendix 1 a flowchart of the original design of the MVR is drawn. From vessel
V-502 the protein solution of 85 C. is fed with P-532 through preheater E-541
to the first stage (E-538). This is a vertical tubular heatexchanger. The product
flows from the top to the bottom in the heatingtubes as a thin boiling film.
The heating medium is compressed process vapour from the third stage (E-540).
On the outside of the tubes the vapour condensates to supply the energy needed
for the evaporation. The generated vapour in stage one is separated from the
protein solution in a centrifugal vapour separator (S-530). The vapour is used
as heating medium on the second stage (E-539). The partly concentrated protein
solution from stage one is pumped to the second stage by pump P-533. The operation
of the following stages is in principle identical to the first stage.

The vacuum in the evaporator is maintained by vacuum pump P-541. The total amount
of the condensated vapour is removed from the installation by pump P-539. The
concentrated glue-liquor (average : 37 by weight, temperature 60

C.) is pumped

to storage-vessels by mono pump MP-540.

As to be explained in chapter 5 of this report, during the start-up of the MVRinstallation serious problems were met in order to reach even distribution of the
product-flow over the innerside of the heating tubes. These problems have been
solved by the application of product circulation on the three stages. As the
flowchart of the modified installation on appendix 2 shows, the product circulation
has been realized by installing extra pumps.
The product/vapour streams are equal to the above mentioned design situation.

The MVR installation has been engineered and designed by GEA Wiegand GmbH,
Ettlingen B.R.D. The compressor has been manufactured by Sulzer Escher Wyss,
Ravensburg B.R.D. and can be characterized as follows :
Type nr

: RT 28-1, single stage centrifugal compressor

Impellor diameter

: 0.315 m.

Flow

: nominal 13.950 m3/hr corresponding with 3100 kg/hour

Installed power

: 160 kW

Rotation speed

: 27.154 1/min.

Compression ratio

: 1.65 - 1.95

Pressure temperature : 150

3.1

C.

Process Control Systems

The control and measuring systems are indicated by numbers in the flow chart
on appendix 2. These numbers are explained in the form of tables on appendix 3.
The most important process control systems are :
- heatbalance control

and

- capacity control

3.1.1

Heat Balance Control (Sglit=Range_Conrol)

In a conventional installation (TUR) the internal heat balance is kept in equilibrium

by condensating the vapour generated in the last stage. In this kind of installation
there is always a great heat surplus. In an MVR installation small variations
in process-parameters (e.g. temperature of feed) do have considerable consequences
for the operation. There is a limited heat surplus during nominal operation.
The control of the heat balance in an MVR is equipped as a split-range control
(10 on appendix 2). The split-range is controlled by a pressure gauge in the
suction line of the compressor.
- High suction pressure, indicates there is a heat surplus in the installation
and process vapour is condensated.
- Low suction pressure, on the contrary indicates heat shortage and live steam
is supplied to the MVR evaporator.

-4-

3.].2

Capacity Control

The capacity of the MVR can be controlled in two ways.

1. Control valve in the suction line of the compressor (14 appendix 2 ) .
2. Feed rate (15 appendix 2).

ad1_l
Depending on the desired water evaporation, the capacity of the compressor must
be adapted and consequently the total capacity of the installation is effected.
This can be reached by opening the throttle valve in the suction line of the
compressor, more or less.

ad^_2
By fully opened position of the throttle valve the desired concentration of the
end-product can be controlled by adjusting the feed rate.

3.2

The_Sar-u[D Procedure of the Installation

When starting-up the MVR installation there is not any vapour available yet for
recompression. Therefore the compressor can not be used. The throttle valve in
the suction line of the compressor is completely closed. By means of live steam
the water evaporation is started. When a sufficient level of water evaporation
is reached, the live steam suppletion is closed and the generated steam can be
recompressed by starting the compressor and gradually opening the throttle valve.
In this way the installation reaches the operating equilibrium.

_ _IMPLEMENTATION OF T H E

PROJECT

The construction phase was executed according to plan and no real difficulties
were encountered.
The responsibilities were divided as follows :
- GEA Wiegand GmbH B.R.D., engineering, design and construction of the MUR
installation.
- Trobas B.V., implementation in the process.
The activities carried out have been :
1. Civil supplies :
- sewer system
- foundations on behalf of the MVR installation and compressor
- civil accommodation for the compressor
- adjustments to roof construction and accessibility
2. Construction of the installation :
- erect the supporting construction
- install the main components of the MVR such as heatexchangers, vapourseparators, compressor and pumps
- set up the operator platforms and the internal product-, condensate- and
vapourlines
3. Connect the MVR to the existing product- and utility systems.
4. Install and connect all measuring and controlling systems and other electronical
features.
5. Insulation of the plant.
6. Finish civil supplies.
7. Check the assembling activities.
8. General test of the alarm and signal systems.
9. Test run of the measuring and controlling systems.
The main suppliers of equipment are mentioned on appendix 4, in alphabatical order.

b._

99MMISSIONING_AND OPERATION

During the water-run the designed water evaporati on capaci ty could be reached.
However, the fi rst product-runs showed that the heat transfer was far below desi gn
value. It appeared that thi s was caused by i nfavourable flow conditions i n the
heating tubes. For that reason the total i nstalled heat transfer-surface was only
partly used and therefore the designed water evaporating capaci ty could not be met.
The compressor i s designed on a certain vapour quanti ty. Because of the bad flow
conditions the required vapour quanti ty was not reached and the compressor often
operated close to or i nto the critical surgi ng range.
This caused heavy mechanical load. A combination of this mechanical load and a
wrong choice of the impellor materi al resulted i n considerable damage to the
compressor. As a consequence the MVR was non-productive for about three months.
In order to reach better flow-condi ti ons and thus heatexchange, product ci rculati on
was i nstalled on the three stages. After these modifications the designed water
evaporation capaci ty has been achieved and the MVR evaporator operates since then
in a satisfying and reli able way.

Compressor

7-

6.

C H E C K I N G MEASUREMENTS

6.1

Introduction

The measurements have been carried out on the modified MVR installation. By
setting up a mass- and energy balance over the MVR it could be checked whether
the guaranteed and aimed energy saving and water evaporating capacity were
reached.
The inputs and outputs are visualized subjoined :
A

>

>

>

>

M.V.R.

> C
> E

Installation

> B

A : feed rate (= product flow in)

(kg/hr)

B : condensate

(kg/hr)

C : concentrate (= product flow out)

(kg/hr)

D : cooling water in

(kg/hr)

E : cooling water out

(kg/hr)

F : compressor energy in

(kW)

G : pumps energy in

(kW)

T(A) : temperature of feed

(C)

T(B) : temperature of condensate

<C)

T(C) : temperature of product

(C)

T(D) : temperature of cooling water in

(C)

T(E) : temperature of cooling water out

<C)

C(A) : feed concentration

(% by weight)

C(C) : end concentration

(X by weight)

The measurements of mass streams and temperatures have been carried out in the
usual ways, except for the feed rate, which has been calculated by means of the
equation :
A = C * p(C)/C(A)

(kg/hr)

(1)

The feed concentration (=C(A) and end-concentration (=C(C) have been determined
by drying the samples on a laboratory scale. The power of the compressor and
pumps has been calculated by measuring the amperage and voltage.

6.2

Measurements

From the process-parameters which are continuously recorded and indicated on

behalf of normal operation-control, it could be roughly stated already very soon
after the modified MVR evaporator was in operation, that the aimed saving of
energy was reached.
In order to get a more detailed view of the process operation of the MUR, very
accurate measurement-campaigns have been carried out 7 times during steady-state
process conditions. Each measurement took about 2.5 hours.
Measuring of live steam suppletion to the MVR evaporator should imply considerable
extra instrumentation costs. Therefore the checking measurements were done in a
situation that the MVR installation was operating with a great heat surplus, so
no live steam was required.
The results of the measurements are given below :

Measurement

Flow

FEED

CONCENTRATE

Temp.

Temp.

Cone.

kq/hr

wqht.%

Cone.

Flow

wqht.?

kq/hr

Design

10,720

85.0

5.0

1,220

73.0

44.0

10,278

94.0

4.805

1,328

75.0

37.177

2
3

10,789

93.7

4.515

1,347

74.0

36.196

9,975

94.1

4.640

1,249

75.0

37.069

11,491

93.0

4.459

1,187

75.0

42.858

10,163

93.6

3.957

1,171

75.0

34.392

12,010

92.0

4.892

1,688

75.0

34.813

12,985

92.7

5.780

2,268

75.0

33.094

average

11,102

93.3

4.721

1,461

74.9

36.555

-9

Measurement

Flow
kq/hr
Design

Temp.

Temp.

D = E

E
Temp.

POWER

C00LINGWATER

CONDENSATE
Flow

kq/hr

Amp.

9,500 78.0

13,000

23.0

35.0

254.8

8,950

80.0

11,030

22.2

34.8

251.6

9,442

80.0

5,558

24.2

40.9

252.6

8,726

80.0

6,516

23.2

44.9

253.4

10,304

80.0

11,808

22.8

37.4

265.2

8,992

80.0

6,217

20.6

41.6

261.4

10,322

80.0

8,395

21.2

35.5

249.2

10,717

80.0

7,736

19.4

39.0

249.0

Average

9,641

80.0

8,172

21.8

39.2

254.6

The cumulated power of the pumps has been determined by measuring the amperages.
From the results it appeared that the difference between the measured values was
relatively small. Therefore the consumed amperage by the pumps is supposed to
be constant at a level of 77.9 ampere.
The average electrical efficiency of the pumps is 0.869, of the compressor 0.91.

6.3

Calculation of Enthalp^_and_Power

The quantity of evaporated water can be calculated by means of the mass balance.

(2)

A = B + C ===> B = A - C
The enthalpy of a liquid stream can be calculated by the equation.

(3)

h = Qm/3600 * Cp * T
in which :
h

: enthalpy

(kW)

Qm : mass stream

(kg/hr)

Cp : specific heat

(kJ/kgK)

(C)

: temperature

and with h = 0 by 0 C.

10-

In the temperature area concerned, the specific heat of the cooling water is
assumed to be constant at a value of 4.18 kJ/kgK.
The specific heat of a protein solution is a function of the protein concentration,
according to the equation.
Cp (protein sol.) = -0.0113 * (protein cone, by wght) +4.1966

(4)

4.1966 Is the average value of the specific heat from water in the temperature
range from 86-75

C. (boiling temperature of the first and last stage).

The power of the compressor and pumps can be calculated by using equation.

P =U* IVT

(5)

cosi

in which :
P

: power (W)

: voltage (V)

: currentstrength (A)

costi: e f f i c i e n c y
An example of the calculation is given on appendix 5. The results are listed below.

h(C)
kW

h(B)
kW

h(D)
kW

h(E)
kW

P(F)
kW

P(G)
kW

1,048.0

91.5

860.5

507.4

772.2

160.2

22.5

1,112.0

104.5

831.3

284.3

445.7

158.0

47.7

1,164.2

104.8

877.2

156.2

264.0

158.6

47.7

1,080.6

98.3

810.6

175.5

339.7

159.1

47.7

1,230.7

91.8

957.0

312.6

512.8

166.5

47.7

1,099.1

92.9

836.9

148.7

300.3

164.1

47.7

1,271.1

133.7

958.9

206.7

346.0

156.5

47.7

1,381.4

180.6

955.5

174.3

350.3

156.3

47.7

1,191.3

115.2

889.6

208.3

365.5

159.9

47.7

Measurement
Design

Average

h(A)
kW

-11

6.4

The Energy Balance

An energy balance can be made with the obtained results

ENERGY IN

ENERGY OUT

h(A) + h(D) + P(F) + P(G)

h(B) + h(C) + h(E) + losses

Using the values of the first measurements the energy balance is as follows
ENERGY OUT

ENERGY IN
1112.0+284.3+158.0+47.7

831.3+104.5+445.7 + losses

1602.0

1381.5 + losses

This calculation is also carried out for the other measurements.

The results are listed below :

Measurement

Energy IN

Energy OUT
(kW)

(kW)

losses
(kW)

1737.9

1724.2 (without vacuum losses)

1602.0

1381.5

220.5

1526.7

1264.0

280.7

1462.9

1248.6

214.3

1757.5

1561.6

195.9

1459.6

1230.1

229.5

1682.0

1438.6

243.4

1759.7

1372.0

273.3

1607.2

1372.0

235.2

Design

MEAN VALUE

The energy losses can be explained by :

- losses due to maintaining the vacuum (+ 115 kW)
- radiation- and convection losses (+ 55 kW)
- thermal losses of the pumps (+ 30 kW)

-12-

(6)

7^

I^yNICA
L _AND_ECONOMICA
L _RESU
L S

A comparison between the estimated and real investment costs for the project,
expressed in Dutch guilders and V.A.T. excluded, is given below :

Real costs
DESCRIPTION
1. Engineering
2. Construction/Basic order
3. Local assembly/modifications
4. Testing starting-up
5. Checking measurements
Total costs of the project :

Designed costs

(Dfl.)

(Dfl.)

31,350.==

14,300.==

1,463,368.==

1,460,500.==

726,825.==

496,400.==

88,965.==

43,800.==

8,761.==

40,000.==

2,319,269.==

2,055,000.==

Appendix 6 shows that the delay in realizing this project is fully caused by the
long starting-up period of the MVR-evaporator due to :
- required modifications of the original design
- time for repair of the damaged compressor

It is obvious that this also resulted in exceeding the budgeted costs for local
assembly/modifications and testing c.q. starting-up the installation.
The annual saving of energy and the difference in operating costs per mJ of
evaporated water is acquired by comparing the data from the MVR-installation
as built with the operational data of a conventional 3-stage falling film
evaporator equipped with steam jet-thermo vapour recompression (TVR). The
operating costs of the MVR are derived from the measured data, whereas the
energy consumption of the TVR-evaporator has been calculated on the basis of
design data from GEA Wiegand GmbH. It should be noted, however, that the latter
are fictitious though very realistic values.

-13-

The comparison in operating costs has been made under the following assumptions

water evaporating capacity

1 m

natural gas

1 kWh electricity
1 m

Design value
1985

Actual value
1988

DESCRIPTION

cooling water

1 ton live steam

9,640 kg/hr

9,500 kg/hr

Dfl. 0.235

Dfl. 0.500

Dfl. 0.105

Dfl. 0.134

Dfl. 0.060

Dfl. 0.070

Dfl. 21.05

Dfl. 42.53

balance steam required

0.01 ton/m

0.01 ton/m3

production hours a year

5.760

5.760

annual labour costs

Dfl. 42,000,==

Dfl. 42,000,==

water evaporation mVyear

57,142

56,308 (*)

(*) 9,500/971.8 * 24 * 240 = 56,308 m 3 / year

Comparison between a MUR- and a TVR-evaporator, based on 1 m 3 of evaporated water

Specific
energy consumption
Steam

M.V.R.

T.V.R.

Units

0.01

0.221

ton/m3
kW/m3

Power
- pumps
- compressor

4.81
16.12

3.02
m 3 /m 3

Cooling water

0.8238

11.09

Operating costs
(based on 1988-prices)

M.V.R.

T.V.R.

Steam

0.21

4.65

Dfl./m3

Power

2.20

0.32

Dfl./m3

Cooling water

0.06

0.78

Dfl./m3

Extra maintenance

0.10

Dfl./m3

Labour costs

0.74

0.74

Dfl./m3

Total operating costs

3.31

6.49

Dfl./m3

Units

(mainly compressor)

14-

It appears that even at present low energy prices an annual saving in operating
costs of Dfl. 181,700.== is realized, by concentrating the technical gelatine
solution with a MVR-evaporator instead of a conventional 3-stage TVR-evaporator.
However, the savings calculated on the basis of the energy prices of 1985 amount
to Dfl. 400,500.==.
The simple pay-out time for the extra investment of the MVR in comparison with
the TUR is defined as :
extra investment

POT =

savings/year

Total investment MUR

: Dfl. 2,310,508.== (as built)

Estimated investment TVR

: Dfl. 1,015,000.== (according to offer GEA Wiegand)

Extra investment

: Dfl. 1,295,508.==

As stated before, the annual savings in operating costs amount to Dfl. 181,700.==
and thus holds :
POT =

1,295,508.==
181,700.==

=7.1 year

The pay-out time is expected to be only slightly shorter for replication-projects

and mainly depending upon the prices for energy.
At the end of 1985, the moment that a positive project-decision was taken, the simple
POT was estimated to be 2.6 year.
The energy savings expressed in Ton Oil Equivalent (= TOE) can easily be calculated
by regarding the differences in energy-input between MVR and TVR which both are
based on the same water evaporation capacity of 9,640 kg/hr :
Power

IN TVR

1.691 kW

Power

IN MVR

160 kW

Power-savings

1.531 kW

or relatively 90.5%

Because :
- 1 kW = 10 3 J/s
- 1 production year has 240*24*3,600 = 2.0736 * 10 7 s
- 1 TOE = A-1868 * 10 1 0 J

15-

It can be calculated that the achieved energy savings expressed in TOE are :
1531 * 10 3 * 2.0736 * 10 7
4.1868 * 10 1 0

758 TOE/year

The objective of the project was to reach an annual energy saving of 645 TOE/year
(relatively 80%). So the conclusion is, that from an energetical point of view
the project has been a complete success.
In order to calculate the overall energy saving, the 355o-efficiency for generating
electrical energy by the electricity works should be taken into account.
As a result the energy conservation in terms of the national energy balance
amounts to only 612 TOE/year.

-16-

8^

29NC
L USIONS_AND_gU
L OOK

Realisation of this project shows that concentration by means of an evaporator

equipped with mechanical vapour recompression in the hide glue and technical
gelatine industry is technically applicable and can be economically viable.

The achieved annual saving of energy by Trobas B.V. amounts to 758 TOE/year.
This means an energy conservation of more than 90% in comparison with a
conventional 3-stage evaporator equipped with thermal vapour recompression.

From the difficulties encountered during commissioning of the Mechanical Vapour

Recompression-installation it can be concluded that in future designs in this
branch of industry, the host-process that is to say, the product specifications
and particularly the flow properties in relation to the heat transfer-coefficients
must first be examined very carefully.

When using a steam jet-thermo vapour recompression installation the temperature

difference can be varied strongly.
This implies that an insufficient heat-exchange, resulting from infavourable
flow conditions, can for the greater part be compensated.

If a mechanical vapour recompression installation is applied however, the

temperature difference is fixed by the compression ratio, thus bad heat exchange
directly leads to reduced evaporating capacity and an incorrect dimension of
the compressor in relation to the generated vapour.

After the recirculation modifications, in order to improve the flow conditions

c.q. heat exchange, have been realized the installation operates on designed
water evaporation capacity.

To our best knowledge the potentional energy savings through MVR-technology

in this branch of industry within the European Community is estimated to be
at least 7,300 TOE/year. Nowadays low prices for energy, however, are likely
to be a restriction for broad application of the technology within the (technical)
gelatine-industry, for the time being.

17-

^J3

.IVE STEAM

(<>)p5u
w

,r

3J.

2.2 2.1.

w t w
5
32. l ?

COaiNG
-E5C2

-9-

-5

E52i
-E 541

WATER

-:i

5J9

E_5p.

E 537

tTT30

1521

00

FEED
tu
v

m
W

3531

/WvW^
PS0

P532

P533

P53

P535

K 550

P539

3 @

P536

P537

P538

PRCDUCT

LIVE STEAM

<?

C
w

2.2. 2.1.

33. 32.

* w

S)P5M

<40

COOLING
-EW2

>
^

-!

WATER

>
538
-E541

i 21

E50

li

^ > ,
I
Y
I

Js>

83

88 C

S>

79,

<'

E 537

5 C
1460 k g / H

TT3O

_^E>

11.100 kg/H

FEED

T531

3522.

fe

5% T.S.
tu
<t

ja
p

532

P531
P53I

m
P533
Pm

<9>37S T.S.

LF

PRODUCT
P50
Vapour 3100 k o / H

ir

-,

M.AJk
_3 f i l i 130

PO

35.

P37

Appendix 3
controIs/lockings/alarm6/local indicators
Number

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16/30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43

Description
Level Indicating Controlling Alarm
on feed vessel V-502.
Level Alarm first stage E-538.
Level Alarm second stage E-539.
Level Alarm third stage E-540.
Level Indicating Controlling Alarm
flash vessel E-537.
Level Alarm separator in suction line compressor.
The same as 6 on/off.
Temperature Indicating Controlling feed.
Thermal protection on/off MP-540.
Split-Range Pressure Indicating Recording
Controlling compressor suction 6ide.
Vacuum Control.
Hand Setting live steam (6tart-up).
Hand Control bypass compressor.
Hand Control throttle valve compressor
suction side.
Flow Control feed.
Several protections on the compressor for optimal
operation conditions e.g. mechanical vibrations,
indications, oil level/temperature.
Temperature Indicating feed from pre-heater.
Temperature Indicating vapour separator E-538.
Temperature Indicating vapour separator E-539.
Temperature Indicating vapour separator E-540.
Temperature Indicating Controlling E-537.
Temperature Indicating condensate after P-539.
Pressure Indicating E-538.
Pre66ure Indicating E-539.
Pressure Indicating E-540.
Presurre Indicating condensor E-542.
Pressure Indicating E-537.
Pressure Indicating suction side compressor.
Pressure Indicating pressure 6ide compressor.

-20-

Appendix 4
tEQUIPMENT

SUPPLIER
A.S.C.

('s Hertogenbosch) Electrical installations

Bruinsma & Rijff (Raamsdonksver)

Erecting of the MVR /

other mechanical activities

Buveco

(Bleiswijk)

Measuring and controlling systems

Dooren, van

(St. Willebrord)

Insulation activities

Eckhardt

(Rijswijk)

Measuring and controlling systems

Kin

(Rijen)

Mechanical activities

Koning, de

(Eindhoven)

Electrical systems

O.B.R.

(Rijen)

Civil activities

Sandvik

(Schiedam)

Stainless steel tubes

Sulzer E-W

(Ravensburg) (*)

Compressor RT 28-1

GEA Wiegand

(Ettlingen)

Design / construction /

(*)

commissioning MVR

(*) German companies

-21 -

Calculation example measuring 1.

Calculation of the water evaporation capacity
B =
A
C
B = 10,278 - 1,328
B = 8.950 kg/hr
Enthalpy feed (=A).
h(A) = Qm(A) * Cp(A) * T(A)
h(A) = 10,278/3,600*((-0.0113*4.8045)+4.1966)*94
h(A) = 1112.0 kWatt
Enthalpy product (=C).
h(C) = Qm(C) * Cp(C) * T(C)
h(C) = 1,328/3,600*((-0.0113*37.1765)+4.1966)*75
h(C) = 104.5 kWatt
Enthalpy condensate (=B).
h(B) = Qm(B) * Cp(B) * T(B)
h(B) = 8,950/3,600*4.18*80
h(B) = 831.3 kWatt
Enthalpy cooling water in (=D).
h(D) = Qm(D) * Cp(D) * T(D)
h(D) = 11,030/3,600*4.18*22.2
h(D) = 284.3 kWatt
Enthalpy cooling water out (=E)
h(E) = Qra(E) * Cp(E) * T(E)
h(E) = 11,030/3,600*4.18*34.8
h(E) = 445.7 kWatt
Power compressor (=F).
P(F) = * I * V3 * cos f
P ( F ) = 380 * 2 5 1 . 6 *

Vi * 0 . 9 1 '

P ( F ) = 1 5 8 . 0 kWatt
Power pumps ( = G ) .
P(G) = 0 * 1 *

V 3 * cosv

P(G) = 3 8 0 * 7 7 . 9

V3 * 0 . 8 6 9 *

P(G) = 47.7 kWatt

22-

Appendix 5

Appendix 6.

Table 7.
INITIAL TIMETABLE
s::iEEc:r:s:Et:s

1988

1987

I9S8

198S

PACE

J:F:H:A;M;J:J:A:S:O:H:D JFH:A;*:;J:J:A;S:O:H:D J:F;H:A:H:J;J:A:S:O:K:D JriMA'MJJJJA

1-

+-

+-

ENGIHEERItU

COHSTROCTIOH

LOCAL ASSEKBLT

TESTIHC/STARTIiW OF

CHECKING MEASUREMENTS

TABLE 8
REAL TIMETABLE
1985

FASE

1986

198T

1988

J:F:H:A:H:J:J:AS:O:K:D|J:F:H:A:H:J:J:A:S:O:M:D J:F!H:A;H:J:J:A:S:O;H:D J:F:H:A:H:J:J:A

1
ENCIMEERIHG
2
CONSTROCTIOH
9
LOCAL ASSEM BLY
4
TESTXKG/STARTIM2 OP

S
CHECKIHO M EASOHEHEM TS

1
1

23

European Communities Commission

EUR 12108 Concentration of technical gelatine by use of a three-stage falling
film evaporator with mechanical vapour recompression (MVR)
Demonstration project

A. M. B. Trommelen, A. J. M. Schellekens
Luxembourg: Office for Officia l Publica tions of the Europea n Communities
1989 - VI, 23 pp., tab., fig., ph. - 21.0 x 29.7 cm
Energy series
EN
ISBN 92-825-9675-3
Catalogue number: CD-NA-12108-EN-C
Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg: ECU 5

Major energy savings are demonstrated in the evaporation a nd concentration sta ges
of the gela tine ma nufa cturing process by the introduction of mecha nica l va pour
recompression techniques.

lllllllllllllllllllllllllll
25

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