ENAE 414: Homework 2

Due: 26 February 2015 at 10:45 am

Question #1 [25 pts]

Bernoullis equation can be derived including the effects of body forces, f . For a steady, incompressible, inviscid flow that experiences gravitational potential, Bernoullis equation becomes:
1
p + V 2 + gz = const.
2

(1)

Consider a three-dimensional, ideal (swirling) vortex as shown in the MIT Vorticity video (from
9:15-11:07): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=loCLkcYEWD4 and sketched below:

air
r

water
Use the form of Bernoullis equation given above to derive the equation of for the free surface (i.e.,
the boundary between the air and water).

Question #2 [25 pts]

(a) Consider a low-speed open-circuit subsonic wind tunnel with an inlet-to-throat (i.e., test section) ratio of 12. The tunnel is turned on, and the pressure difference between the inlet (i.e.,
the settling chamber) and the test section in read as a height difference of 10 cm on a U-tube
mercury manometer. Calculate the velocity of the air in the test section. (Note that the density
of liquid mercury is Hg = 1.36 104 kg/m3 )
(b) Assume that a Pitot tube is inserted into the test section. Find the pressure measured by
the Pitot tube, assuming the static pressure at the tunnel inlet is atmospheric. Which type of
pressure is measured by the Pitot tube?

Question #3 [25 pts]

Consider a rotational vortex (i.e., rigid-body vortex) with velocity components Vr = 0, V = cr
illustrated below:

ro

ro
x

x
ro + r1

(a) Find the circulation around a circular streamline with radius ro (refer to the sketch on the left).
(b) Find the circulation around a wedge as illustrated in the sketch on the right. Note that
the curved boundaries of this wedge are aligned with streamlines of the flow and the straight
boundaries are aligned with equipotentials of the flow.
(c) Determine the value of r1 (in terms of ro ) that will yield the same circulation found in part (a).

Question #4 [25 pts]

A Rankine half-body (also called a semi-infinite body) is formed by the superposition of a uniform flow and a source (see Figure 3.22, p. 248). As was shown in class, the equation for the
dividing streamline is:

= V r sin +
=
(2)
2
2
(a) Find an equation for the radial coordinate of the dividing streamline, r = r(, V , ).
(b) Find an equation for the total velocity along the dividing streamline, V = V (r, , V , ).
(c) Let V = 1 m/s and = 2 m2 /s. Plot cp () for (0, ). You may generate this plot using
Matlab or create a table of values to draw a sketch by hand using (, 5/6, 2/3, /2, /3, /6).
Note: To get a better physical feel for the pressure distribution, you may want to perform a
coordinate transformation and also plot cp (x) as well (though not required).
(d) Describe (in 3-5 sentences) the plot of the pressure distribution you generated in part (b). In
your discussion, be sure to answer the following questions: What is cp ( = ) and why? What
is cp ( 0) and why?