Disaster Management 1.

4
Presented by Dr. Roman Saini

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GIS (Geographic Information

System)

GIS are computer systems:

comprising of hardware, software, data and personnel

used to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyse

and display

all forms of geographically and spatially referenced

information.

PHASE-WISE GIS ROLE IN DISASTER/

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

GIS played a very prominent role in proper management of

Uttarkashi Cloudburst Flash Flood.
GIS BASED SOLUTIONS for each phase of Disaster management
(total 4 phases) using this example

Mitigation Phase:

Most losses in Uttarkashi floods happened due to residing in the riverbed area.

Better land-use planning (after proper research and development and formulating
building code) can be done through GIS to identify the safe places for residential
purposes.

Preparedness Phase:

Significant role in the preparedness phase.

To combat such type of events, better warning systems like GIS-based public
information systems can be developed.

GIS-based Decision Support Systems can be developed to map all the resources for an
effective and on-time response.

Response Phase:
GIS

and Remote Sensing can have a very significant role

where the major roads were blocked after cloudburst due to a
landslide.

Latest,

realtime satellite images can be taken from space

agencies like ISRO; alternate routes can be identified. Airway
can be taken into consideration for quick relief if alternate route
not available.

Search

and Rescue teams: better planning-GIS map

database; share-web GIS applications

Recovery Phase:
Detailed

damage assessment and debris cleaning activities can be

carried out with the help of GIS.

Safe

reconstruction sites can be mapped for the future reconstruction

activities.

An

appropriate spatial planning can help to reduce exposures and

lessen the magnitude of flash flood hazards.

Participatory

approaches enable local communities to be aware of flash

flood risks and this increases the efficiency of flash flood management,
because community and local disaster management organisations
have the most important role.

GIS : Emergency Disaster

management

GIS are computer systems of hardware, software, data and

personnel used to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate,
analyse and display all forms of geographically and spatially
referenced information.

Prevention and Mitigation

Disaster prevention, mitigation and preparedness are better

than disaster response in achieving the goals and objectives of
vulnerability reduction

Mainstreaming of Disaster Risk Reduction in Developmental

Strategy: development cannot be sustainable without mitigation
being built into the developmental process (GOI 10th FYP)

National Disaster Mitigation Fund

Earthquakes: India - five seismic zones according to the maximum

intensity of earthquakes expected. Of these,

zone V is most active and comprises whole of Northeast India, the

northern portion of Bihar, western Uttar Pradesh hills, Himachal
Pradesh and Andaman & Nicobar Islands

Rate of Urbanisation in India has been increasing. Many cities including

National capital of New Delhi, are located in zones of high seismic risk.

Majority of the constructions are not earthquake resistant.

Regulatory mechanisms are weak, thus any earthquake striking in one of

these cities would turn into a major disaster. (6 in last 15 years)

National Earthquake Risk Mitigation Project (NERMP)

National Building Code (NBC)

Building Materials & Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC) :

retrofitting of life-line structures for generating awareness

Ministry of Panchayati Raj: It releases funds under Backward

Regions Grant Fund (BRGF) for meeting critical infrastructural gaps
and other developmental requirements

Cyclones: National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project (NCRMP) and Integrated Coastal
Zone Management Project (ICZMP)

National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project (NCRMP) : upgrade cyclone forecasting,

tracking and warning systems, build capacity in multi-hazard risk management and to
construct major infrastructures including multi-purpose cyclone shelters and
embankments, AP and Odisha.

Community mobilisation and training; Cyclone Risk Mitigation Infrastructure

(construction of cyclone shelters, roads/missing links and construction/repair of
Saline Embankments etc.),

Technical assistance for capacity building on Disaster Risk Management (risk

assessment, damage and need assessment),

Capacity Building and knowledge creation along with project management and
implementation support.

National Landslide Risk Mitigation Project (NLRMP)

Railways, road and civil aviation safety measures

For epidemics mitigation : MoHFW

Droughts: Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP) and Desert Development

Programme (DDP), Water resource management, Food security, Contingency
crop planning, Relief employment

Fire Hazard and Risk Analysis of fire services

Tsunamis: Shoreline tree cover. Tree plantation is a cost-effective long-lasting

means of tsunami mitigation in comparison to the artificial barriers. Ex:
Naluvedapathy village inTamil Nadu

Nodal agency responsible for DM

Disasters

Cyclone
Tsunami
Floods
Landslides
Avalanches
Heat & Cold Waves

Agencies

Indian Meteorological
Department
Indian National Centre for
Oceanic Information Services
Central Water Commission

Geological Survey of India

Snow and Avalanche Study

Establishment
Indian Meteorological
Department

Funding

National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF): levying the National

Calamity Contingency Duty on imported petrol and products, crude
oil, motor cars, imported multi utility vehicles, two wheelers, mobile
phones, pan masala etc.

Environmental Relief Fund

Disaster Response Reserve

Capacity Building Grant

Various national schemes and international (USAID, UNDP) funding

International Cooperation

SAARC Disaster Management Centre in New Delhi

United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

(UNISDR)

United Nation Disaster Management Team (UNDMT)

United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC)

International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG)

Global Facility for Disaster Risk Reduction (GFDRR)

ASEAN Region Forum (ARF)

USAIDs Program for Enhancement of Emergency Response (PEER)

Asian Disaster Reduction Centre (ADRC)

Various bilateral (Swiss, Russia), trilateral (Russia and China( and

multilateral agreements

Hyogo Framework of Action: 2005 Kobe, Japan, to work globally

towards sustainable reduction of disaster losses in lives and in the
social, economic and environmental assets of communities and countries

Three Strategic Goals:

(i) The more effective integration of disaster risk reduction into
sustainable development policies, planning and programming at all levels,
with a special emphasis on disaster prevention, mitigation, preparedness
and vulnerability reduction.
(ii) The development and strengthening of institutions, mechanisms and
capacities at all levels in particular at the community level that can
systematically contribute to building resilience to hazards.
(iii) The systematic incorporation of risk reduction approaches into the
design and implementation of emergency preparedness, response and
recovery programmes in the reconstruction of the affected communities.

Five Priority Action Areas:

(i) Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with
a strong institutional basis for implementation,
(ii) Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning,
(iii) Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety
and resilience at all levels,
(iv) Reduce the underlying risk factors,
(v) Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels.

Key focus areas

Promote socio-economic development practices; Land-use planning and other

technical measures,

Strengthening of institutional and technical capacities,

Review and implement preparedness and contingency plans,

Promote voluntarism and community participation,

Creation of provision of emergency funds,

Dialogue, coordination and exchange of information between disaster

managers and development sectors.

So it ends here. DPSP or Reading Comprehension?

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