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TURNOUTS
BITS Pilani
Hyderabad Campus
Introduction
A view of the tracks at Rawalpindi railway station. This complicated mesh of metal
and wooden sleepers features a frog, or common crossing, at the point the two
rails meet. Also visible are guard rails, which are extra rails that prevent a bogey
from de-railing while switching from one track to the next
BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
POINTS OR SWITCHES
POINTS OR SWITCHES
Switch: Stock Rail + Tongue Rail
Switches: Tapered rails with the thicker end (Heel)
fixed to the main track and the thinner end (Toe)
movable by means of which flanged wheels of the
train are diverted from one route to the other
Parts: A pair of stock rails, a pair of tongue rails, heel
or distance block. Stretcher block, Switch tie plate or
gauge tie plate, slide chairs or sliding plates, Studs or
stops
BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
POINTS OR SWITCHES
Stock Rails:
Main rails of the track
Tongue Rails:
Lie between two stock rails
Supported on sliding plates, connected by stretcher
bar near the toe of the switch so that both tongue
rails move together by the same distance together.
This gap is called throw of the switch
POINTS OR SWITCHES
POINTS OR SWITCHES
Switch Tie Plate or Gauge Tie Plate:
Below the slide chairs at the toe
They dont allow the gauge to be changed
Sliding Plate:
Under stock and tongue rails
Studs or Stops:
Between stock rails and tongue rails
To prevent lateral bending of tongue rail and
maintain the alignment when the wheels roll over
the points
BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
POINTS OR SWITCHES
THROW OF A SWITCH
POINTS OR SWITCHES
Videos of Interest
Videos of Interest
The Institute of Making
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtnQVWEWxx0&index=9&list=PLm9U4wEe03oE3MgEedxNZBon6tz14YNNe
An Introduction to Rail
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htraayYmKjI&index=10&list=PLm9U4wEe03oE3MgEedxNZBon6tz14YNNe
An Introduction to Switches & Crossings
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZuR5QTlfOzk&index=11&list=PLm9U4wEe03oE3MgEedxNZBon6tz14YNNe
Making Switches & Crossings
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsCoJJLhS68&list=PLm9U4wEe03oE3MgEedxNZBon6tz14YNNe&index=12
In The Materials Lab, Destructive Testing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c366-CFb_LE&list=PLm9U4wEe03oE3MgEedxNZBon6tz14YNNe&index=13
In The Materials Lab, Non-Destructive Testing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7fsmYyhzEmM&list=PLm9U4wEe03oE3MgEedxNZBon6tz14YNNe&index=14
how trains change tracks
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_wOPY5Pu-A
Future Transportation Technology
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oYOmZlTjsQ0
Track Junctions
Turnouts
Symmetrical Split (Equivalent Turnout)
Three Throw Switch (Contrary and Similar Flexures)
Double Turnout or Tandem
Diamond Crossing
Cross Overs (Between parallel and diverging tracks)
Single Slip and Double Slip
Gauntlet Track and Fixed Point System
Scissor Crossover
Gathering Lines or Ladder Tracks
Triangle
Double Junctions
Symmetrical Turnout
BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
Double Turnout
(Modification of three throw switch)
Diamond Crossing
Cross Overs
Scissor Crossover
Double Crossover
BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
Slip switches. The single-slip switch (top) joins two turnouts on a relatively short distance of
track and can act like a crossing. The double-slip switch (bottom) combines two turnouts in a
short track segment and can also act as a crossing. Slip switches are usually found in terminals.
BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
Triple gauntlet track in Germany. Wider mainline trains go down the centre; narrower trams
switch either to the left, or right, to be closer to the relevant platform. Beyond the station, the
rails return to single track.
BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
Scissor Crossover
http://www.dccwiki.com/File:ScissorAnimation.gif#file
http://www.dccwiki.com/Crossing
Gathering Lines
Triangle or Wye
Double Junction
Indian Railways (IR) owns and manages one of the largest Railway networks of
the world with over 64,000 Route Kilometers (Km) and 7,000 stations.
Operations of the Indian Railways (IR) are overseen by Ministry of Railways
(MOR), Government of India and 16 Zonal Railways headed by General
Managers. The IR carries more than 17.5 million passengers every day and
some of the major Railway stations handle 100-200 million passengers per
annum. Most of the Railway stations have been built over 100 years ago, and
have a limited and aging infrastructure that handles an ever increasing number
of passengers. The Railway stations are also located in the middle of the cities
and offer enormous potential for re-development and commercial expansion.
New passenger terminals are also being developed in cities where existing
terminals cannot meet the future demand.
MANUAL FOR STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR RAILWAY STATIONS
BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
Seating
Toilets
Food shops
Concessionaire food and retail shops
Mobile/ Laptop Charging points
Wi-Fi
Seating
Toilets
Food and retail shops (restaurants)
Cyber cafes
Cell and computer charging points
Wi-Fi
Upholstered seating
Separate climate control.
Toilets and showers
Food and retail shops (restaurants)
Cyber cafes
Cell and computer charging points
Wi-Fi
Thank you