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DESIGN PROCEDURES
Pressure Vessels
v
PR
tp =
+C
SE 0.6 P
where
tp = shell thickness required (inch) [m]
P = Internal design gauge pressure (psig) [kN/m2]
R = Inside Radius (inch) [m]
S = Allowable stress (psi) [kN/m2]
E = Joint efficiency factor (Table 6-2)
C = Corrosion allowance (inch) [m]
PR
tp =
+C
SE 0.6 P
Provided that
R
2
or
PR
tp =
+C
SE + 0.4 P
where
tp = shell thickness required (inch) [m]
P = Internal gauge pressure (psig) [kN/m2]
R = outside Radius (inch) [m]
S = Allowable stress (psi) [kN/m2]
E = Joint efficiency factor (Table 6-2)
C = Corrosion allowance (inch) [m]
Corrosion Allowance
ts = tV + tc
where
Pc
Te
Do
Em
**
Te
2.6
Em
Do
Pc =
0.5
Te
Te
0.45
Do
Do
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Spherical Vessels
P=
where
P =
R =
tp =
E =
S =
SEt p
R + 0.2 t p
t 0.356ri
or P 0.665SE J
Design Temperature
Design Pressure
Operating
Pressure ,Po
(psig)
0 -5
10
10 1,000
1,000 +
1.1Po
Material of Construction
Temperature
(F)
-20
200
400
650
700
800
900
Psi x 106
Carbon Steel Low-alloy
Steel
30.2
29.5
28.3
26.0
-
30.2
29.5
28.6
27.0
26.6
25.7
24.5
Metal
S, kPa
-29 to 343
399
454
-29 to 427
510
565
649
-29 to 399
454
510
538
94,500
82,700
57,200
94,500
75,800
34,500
6,900
137,900
115,800
69,000
42,750
High-alloy steel
for cladding and
corrosion resistance
Stainless 304
(SA-240)
-29
343
427
538
128,900
77,200
72,400
66,900
Stainless 316
(SA-240)
-29
345
427
538
128,900
79,300
75,800
73,100
38
204
38
204
46,200
20,700
15,900
6,900
Carbon steel
(SA-285, Gr. C)
Low-alloy steel
for resistance to
H2 and H2S
(SA-387, Gr. 12C1.1)
High-tensile steel
for heavy-wall
vessels
(SA-302, Gr.B)
Nonferrous metals
Copper (SB-11)
Aluminum(SB-209, 1100-0)
Sample Problem
Determine the thickness of a 5 meter
inside diameter spherical tank for
handling a corrosive liquid at a design
pressure and temperature of 300KPa
and 27F, respectively. The material of
construction is made of carbon steel.
Sample Problem
v
Butt joint
Corner joint
Edge joint
Lap joint
T joint
v
v
Beveled Cont.
Corner Joints
v
Corner Cont.
v
Corners Cont.
Edge Joints
v
Lap Joints
v
Tee Joints
A- plain tee
B- single beveled
C- double beveled
D- single J
E- double J
Types of Welds
v
Fillet Welds
Groove Welds
Weld/Joint Efficiency
Welding
Stress Relieving
localized stress
- annealing or hammering
Radiographing
structural trouble
- welded joints are exposed to x-ray to detect
excessive porosity, defective fusion and other
defects in
the welding process
Weld/Joint Efficiency
v
E = 85%
E = 100%
Weld/Joint Efficiency
v
Full radiography
Spot radiography
No radiography
100%
85%
70 %
heets, flat heads to main shell, to formed heads, to transition in diameter, to nozzles, or any welded joint connecting one
heets, flat heads to main shell, to formed heads, to transition in diameter, to nozzles, or any welded joint connecting one
Joint Description
(2)
Limitations
Joint
Category
None
A, B, C
&D
Degree of Radiographic
Examination
a
b
c
Full
Spot
None
Type
No.
Joint Description
Limitations
Joint
Category
Degree of Radiographic
Examination
a
b
c
Full
Spot
None
Circumferential
butt A, B & NA
C
(3) Single-welded butt joint without joints only. Not over
use of backing strip
5/8in. thick and not over
24in outside diameter
(4)
circumferential
joints B & C
not over 5/8in. thick
NA 0.60
NA
NA 0.55
NA
NA 0.55
Type
No.
(5)
(6)
Joint Description
Limitations
Joint
Category
Degree of Radiographic
Examination
a
b
c
Full
Spot
None
NA
NA 0.50
NA
NA 0.50
A& B
NA
NA 0.50