Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
NIM
: 06101381520032
Prodi
NH3(g) + HI(aq)
NH4I(aq)
NH4+(aq) + I-(aq)
H2O (l)
NH4+(aq)
Ca(OH)2(aq) + HNO2(aq)
Ca(NO)2 + 2H2O(l)
2 H2O(l) + Ca2+(aq+2NO(aq)
2 H2O(l)
1
KIMIA DASAR II
a
b
c
d
Answer:
a
H2O(l) + NaCN(aq)
NaClO(aq) + HCl(aq)
NaCl(aq) + HClO(aq)
3. Write a balanced net ionic equation for the reaction of each of the following
aqueous solutions with H+ ions.
a Sodium formate (NaCHO2)
b Calcium hydroxide
c Ammonia
Answer:
a
NaCHO2(aq) + H+(aq)
Na+(aq)+ CHO2-(aq) + H+(aq)
Na+(aq) + CHO2H(aq)
Na+(aq)+ CHO2-(aq) + H+(aq)
Ca(OH)2 + 2H+(aq)
Ca2+(aq) + 2H2O(l)
2
KIMIA DASAR II
Ca2+(aq)+ 2H2O(l)
NH3(g) + H+(aq)
2 H2O(l)
NH4+(aq)
4. Write a balanced net ionic equation for the reaction of each of the following
aqueous solutions with H+ ions.
a. Cesium Hydroxide
b. Potassium Cyanide
c. Aniline, C6H5NH2
Answer:
a. CsOH(aq) + H+(aq)
Cs+(aq) + H2O(l)
Cs+(aq) + OH-(aq) + H+(aq)
Cs+(aq)+ H2O(l)
Ion Bersih: OH-(aq) + H+(aq)
H2O(l)
b.
KN (aq) + H+(aq)
K+(aq) + HCN (aq)
K+(aq) + CN-(aq)+ H+(aq)
K+(aq)+ CN-(aq)+ H+(aq)
Ion Bersih : - (terionisasi sempurna)
c. C6H5NH2(aq) + H+(aq)
C6H5NH3+(aq)
OH
a. K =
[ produk ] 1
=
[ reaktan ]
3
KIMIA DASAR II
b. K =
NH
+
H
[ produk ]
=
[ reaktan ]
c. K =
d. K =
2 OH
+
2 H
[ produk] [2 H 2 O]
=
[ reaktan]
OH
+
H
a. K =
[ produk ] [ H 2 O ]
=
[ reaktan ]
b. K = c. K = -
4
KIMIA DASAR II
d. K =
+
H
NH
[ 2]
[ produk] [ NH 3]
=
[reaktan]
b. K =
c. K =
2 OH
+
2 H
[ produk ] [ 2 H 2 O ]
=
[ reaktan ]
NH
[ produk]
=
[ reaktan]
OH
a. K= +
b. K = -
5
KIMIA DASAR II
c. K=
C 6 H 5 NH 3
+
[ C6 H 5 NH 2 ]
(basa kuat)
HCl(aq)
C2H5NHCl (aq)
(asam kuat)
+ H2 (g)
(garam asam)
HCl(aq)
CH3COOH(aq) + HCl(aq)
(asam kuat)
(asam lemah)
LiOH(aq)
LiClO4 (aq)
(basa kuat)
(garam netral)
+ H2O (l)
6
KIMIA DASAR II
10. Given the acid-base indicators in question 9, select a suitable indicator for the
following titrations.
a Sulfuric acid with potassium hydroxide
b Ammonia with hydrobromic acid
c Hydrogen cyanide with barium hydroxide
d Sodium nitrite with hydroiodic acid
Answer:
a H2SO4 (aq) + KOH (aq)
(asam kuat) (basa kuat) = garam netral (bromtimol biru)
b NH3 (g) + HBr(aq)
(basa lemah) (asam kuat) = garam asam (metil orange)
c
d
e
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)
NaCl(aq) +
m: 8,75
4,375
b: 4,375
4,375
4,375 4,375
s: 4,375
4,375
M=
4,375
45
H2O(l)
4,375
= 0,1
[OH-] = 1 x 10-1
pOH= 1
pH= 14-1= 13
7
KIMIA DASAR II
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)
NaCl(aq) +
m: 8,75
8,75
b: 8,75
8,75
s: -
H2O (l)
-
8,75
-
8,75
8,75 8,75
pH=7 (netral)
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)
m: 8,75
13,125
b: 8,75
8,75
s: 4,375
M=
4,375
35+ 30
8,75
NaCl(aq) +
H2O (l)
8,75
8,75
8,75
8. 75
= 0,067=6,7 x 10-2
8
KIMIA DASAR II
[H ]= M=
6,75
85
= 0,08= 8x10-2
pH= 2- log 8
= 2 0,90
= 1,1
b
3,375
75+ 20
9
KIMIA DASAR II
NH 4Cl(aq)
(garam asam)
spesititikequivalen
b. Asam
15. Twenty-five mL of 0.100 M formic acid, HCHO2, is titrated with KOH.
a. What is the pH of the formic acid solution before titration starts?
b. How many moles of KOH are required to react with the formic acid ?
c. Write the Ion Bersihic equation for the reaction
d. If the total volume at the equivalence point is 41.7, what is the pH of the
solution at this point?
Answer:
a. [H+] =
pH = 6 log
18 x 106
18 = 6 0,63 = 5,37
HCOOK(aq) + H2O(l)
10
KIMIA DASAR II
+
H
1,8 x 106
=
pH
Ka x M
=
=
=
=
=
1,34x10-3
+
-log H
-log (1,34x10-3)
3 - log1,34
3 0,13
2,87
b. Mol NaOH =
=
Mol CH3COOH
MxV
11
KIMIA DASAR II
=
=
=
0,1 M x 30 ml
3 mmol
3 x 10-3
c. CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq)
CH3COONA(aq) + H2O(l)
+
+
CH3COO (aq) + H (aq) + Na (aq) + OH (aq) CH3COO-(aq) + Na+(aq)+ H2O(l)
H+(aq) + OH-(aq)
H2O(l)
Ka
xM
d. OH
=
Kw
1014
x 6,7 x 105
5
1,8 x 10
6,7 x 1019
1,8 x 105
3,72 x 1014
pOH =
7 log
3,2
pH
14 (7 log
7 + log
7 + 0,25
7,25
3,2 )
3,2
Buffers
17. Calculate [H+] and pH in a solution which [NH4+] is 0.20 M and [NH3] is
a. 0.50 M
b. 0.20 M
c. 0.10 M
d. 0.010 M
12
KIMIA DASAR II
Answer :
[NH4+] 0,2 M dan NH3 :
c. 0,1
a. 0,5 M
[OH-]
Kb.
mol BL
mol Ak
0,5
0,2
1,8 x 10-5.
9 x 106
2 x 101
4,5 x 10-5
pOH
5 log 4,5
pH
14 (5 log 4,5)
9 + log 4,5
9 + log 0,65
9,65
b. 0,2 M
[OH-]
Kb.
mol BL
mol Ak
[OH-]
1,8 X 10-5
pOH
5 log 1,8
pH
14 (5 log 1,8)
9 + log 1,8
9 + 0,26
9,26
[OH-]
[OH ]
Kb.
mol BL
mol Ak
1,8 X 10 .
1,8 X 106
2 X 101
9 x10-1 x10-5
9 x 10-6
pOH
6 log 9
pH
14 (6 log 9)
8 + log 9
8 + 0,95
8,95
[OH-]
Kb.
[OH-]
1,8 x 10-5.
d. 0,01 M
mol BL
mol Ak
0,1
0,2
1,8 x 107
2 x 101
9 x 10-1 x 10-6
9 x 10-7
pOH
7 log 9
pH
14 (7 log 9)
7 + log 9
7 + log 0,95
7,95
13
KIMIA DASAR II
0,1
0,2
-5
18. Calculate [OH-] and pH in a solution which [HClO] is 0.25 M and [ClO-] is
a. 0.50 M
b. 0.25 M
c. 0.050 M
d. 0.010 M
Answer :
mol AL
a. [H+] = ka . mol BK
0,25
0,5
108 x
= 2,9x
=
8
10 x
c. [H+]
= 2,9 x
2,9x
pH
=14,5 x 10
b. [H+] = ka x
= 2,9 x
d. [H+]
108 x
0,25
0,01
2
8 25 x 10
= 2,9 x 10 x 1 x 102
0,25
0,25
2
= 2,9 x 10
= 8 log 14,5
= 8 1,16
= 6,84
mol AL
= Ka x mol BK
= 2,9 x
mol AL
mol BK
108
0,25
0,05
8
= 14,5 x 10
pH = 9 log 14,5
= 9 1,16
= 7,84
108
525 x 102
=2,9x 10 5 x 102
25 x 102
5 x 101
72,5 x 10
5 x 101
mol AL
mol Bk
10
= ka x
= 72,5 x 10
pH
= 8 log 72,5
= 8 log 1,86
= 6,14
pH = 8 log 2,9
= 8 0,46
= 7,54
19. A solution is prepared by dissolving 0.020 mol of sodium nitrate, NaNO2, in
250.0 mL of 0.040 M nitrous acid. Calculate the pH of this buffer.
Answer :
Mol AL
=0,04 x 250
14
KIMIA DASAR II
3
= 1 x 10 mol
Mol BK
= 0,02
2
=2 x 10
[H+]
mol AL
=Ka . mol Bk
3
4 1 x 10
10
= 7,2 x
2 x 102
7,2 x 107
2
2 x 10
5
= 3,6 x 10
pH
= 5 log 3,6
= 5 0,56
= 4,44
27,225 x 10
5 x 102
5
= 5,445 x 10
pH
= 5 log 5,445
= 5 0,74
= 4,26
23. To make a buffer using HCHO2 and CHO2- in which the desired pH is 3.00 :
15
KIMIA DASAR II
+
H
10
CHO2
= Ka x mol HCOOH
b. mol HCOONa
= 0,2 x 1
= 0,2 mol
mol HCOOH
0,2
50
9
9 mol HCOOH
= 1,8x10-4x
= 10
10
= 9
mol HCOOH
CHO
mol HCOOH
CHO
2
mol HCOOH
c. mol HCOOH
103
1,8 x 104
0,1
mol HCOONa
0,9
CHO
mol HCOOH
CHO
2
mol HCOOH
100
18
50
9
CHO 2
mol HCOOH
= 1,11 mol
= 0,1 x 1
= 0,1 mol
50
= 9
103
18 x 105
mol HCOONa
= 50 mol HCOONa
0,9
= 50
= 0,018 mol
Mr HCOONa
= 68 gr/mol
massa HCOONa = mol x Mr
= 0,018mol x
68gr/mol
= 1,224 gr
16
KIMIA DASAR II
pH
= 10
pOH
= 14 10
=4
OH
= 10-4
mol CO32
HCO
3
= Kb x mol
OH
a.
11
10
= 4,7 x 10
mol CO32
HCO
3
x mol
mol CO3
HCO
mol 3
104
47 x 1012
10 8
47
1 xV
1 x1
V
1
mol CO3
HCO
mol 3
10
47
b.
10
47
47V
V
= 108
8
10
= 47 L
25. If a buffer solution is made of 15.00 g sodium acetate (NaC2H3O2) and 12.50 g
acetic acid (HC2H3O2) in 5.00 x 102 mL, what is the pH of the buffer? If the
buffer is diluted to 1.50 L, what is the pH of the diluted buffer?
17
KIMIA DASAR II
Answer :
Mol CH3COOH =
massa
Mr
12,5 gr
60 gr /mol
= 0,21mol
Mr CH3COOH
= 60 gr/mol
Mol CH3COONa =
massa
Mr
15 gr
82 gr /mol
= 0,18mol
Mr C3COONa
= 82 gr/mol
mol L
H+ = Kax mol garam
0,21
0,18
= 1,8x 10-5.
-5
= 1,8x 10
21 x 102
18 x 102
37,8 x 105
18
= 2,1 x 10-5
18
KIMIA DASAR II
10
= 5,8 x 10
=
1,8 x 102
101
10,44 x 1012
1
10
11
= 10,44 x 10
pOH
pH
= 11 log 10,44
= 14 (11 log 10,44)
= 3 + log 10,44
= 3 + 1.02
= 4,02
10
10
=5,8 x 10
37,5 x 103
x
217,5 x 1013
105
8
= 217,5x 10
19
KIMIA DASAR II
2
8
= 2,175 x 10 x 10
6
= 2,175 x 10
massa
6
= 2,175 x 10 mol
mr
Massa
= 2,175 x 10
x 80
6
= 174 x 10
gr
20
KIMIA DASAR II
=1,006 gr /mol
x x 10
Mr
5 x 1,006 x 10
60
= 0,84 M
Mol CH3COOH = 0,25 x 0,84
= 0,21mol
(Mr CH3COONa) = 8,2 gr/mol
PH
=4
H+
= Ka.
10-4
= 1,8 x 10-5.
-4
10
[H+] = 10-4
mol L
mol garam
0,21
x
378 x 105
x
21
KIMIA DASAR II
378 x 108
104
= 378 x 10-4
massa
Mr
Mol
Massa
= mol x Mr
= 378 x 10-4 x 82
= 10. 472 x 10-4 gr
= 1,0472 gr
29. A solution prepared from 0.050 mol/L of a weak acid, HX, has a pH of 2.75.
what is the pH of the solution after 0.035 mol of solid LiX has been dissolved
in it?
Answer:
M = 0,05 mol/L
HX
pH = 2,75
pH setelah 0,035 mol LiX(s)
+
H = 102,75
pH = 2,75
H+
102,75
2,75
( 10
Ka x M
Ka x 0,05
2
= Ka x 5x 10
2
Ka x 5x 10
Ka
5,5
= 10
105,5
5 x 102
1
3,5
x 10
5
4,5
= 2 x 10
+
H
mol AL
= Ka x mol BK
22
KIMIA DASAR II
pH
4,5
= 2 x 10
x
0,05
0,035
4,5
= 2 x 10
x
5 x 102
35 x 103
10 x 104,5 x 102
3
35 x 10
105,5
35 x 103
1
8,5
x 10
35
1
= 8,5 log 35
= 8,5 (-1,54)
= 10,04
23
KIMIA DASAR II
30. A 0.045 M solution of weak acid HX has a pH of 3.65. what is the pH of the
solution after 0.015 mol/L of solid NaX has been dissolved in it?
Answer :
HX 0,045 M
pH = 3,65
PH = 3,65
Ka x 0,045
[H+]
(10-3,65 )2
= Kax 0,015
10-7,3
= Kax 15 x 10-3
Ka
[H+]
107,3
3
45 x 10
1
45
= Ka.
x 104,3
mol L
mol garam
1
45
x10
1
45
x10-4,3 x 3
3
45
x 10-4,3
-4,3
0,045
0,015
24
KIMIA DASAR II
PH
= 4,3 log
3
45
= 4,3 (1,18)
= 5,48
25
KIMIA DASAR II
31. A buffer is made up of one liter each of 0.20 M NH3 and 0.20 M NH4Cl.
Calculate
a. The pH of the buffer
b. The pH of the buffer after the addition of 0.0100 molHCl
c. The pH of the buffer after the addition of 0.0200 mol KOH.
Answer:
1 L 0,2 M NH3(g) + 0,2 M NH4Cl(aq)
a.
5,8 x 1010
[OH ] =
0,2
0,2
= 5,8 x 10-10
pOH = 10 log 5,8
pH = 14 (10 log 5,8 )
= 4 + log 5,8
= 4 + 0,76
= 4,76
b. HCl(aq) + NH3 (g) NH4Cl (aq) (Kb = 5,8x 10-10)
m: 0,01
0,2
0,2
b: 0,01
0,01
0,01
s: -
0,19
[OH ] = Kb.
0,21
n . BL
n. garam
= 5,8 x 10-10.
0,19
0,21
26
KIMIA DASAR II
0,2
b: 0,02
0,02 0,02
s:
0,18 0,22
0,2
0,22
0,18
+
mol AL
H =Ka x
mol gram
27
KIMIA DASAR II
0,1
5
10
= 1,8x
x 0,15
5
2
=1,8 x 10 x 67x 10
7
= 120,6 x 10
5
= 1,206 x 10
pH =5 log1,206
=5 0,08
=4,92
b. HCl(aq)
m:
b:
s:
+CH3COONa(aq)CH3COOH(aq) + NaCL(aq)
0,01
0,15
0,15
0,01
0,01
0,01
0,14
0,16
mol AL
[H ] = Ka x mol gram
+
0,16
=Ka x 0,14
5
=1,8x 10
x
=1,8x 10
0,16
0,14
x 1,14
5
=2,05 x 10
pH= 5 log2,05
= 5 0,31
= 4,69
c. NaOH(aq)+CH3COONa(aq)
m: 0,02
0,15
b:
0,02
0,02
s:
0,13
CH3COONa(aq) + NaOH(aq)
0,15
0,01
0,17
28
KIMIA DASAR II
mol AL
[H ]= Ka x mol gram
+
0,17
=Ka x 0,13
5
= 1,8x 10
x
0,17
0,13
5
=1,8x 10
x 1,3
5
=2,34 x 10
pH=5 log2,34
= 5 0,37
= 4,63
29
KIMIA DASAR II
4
1
Ka = 4,7 x 10-11
[H+] = Ka x
CO32
HCO3
= 4,7 x 10-11 x
4
1
= 18,8 x 10-11
pH = 11 log 18,8 = 11 1,27 = 9, 73
b. pH = 9,4
[H+] = 10-9,4
[H+] = Ka x
CO32
HCO3
CO32
HCO3
9,4
10
4,7 x 1011
CO3
HCO3
30
KIMIA DASAR II
34. A buffer is prepared using the conjugate acid-baae pair, NH4+, - NH3. The pH
of the prepared buffer is 9.0
a. What is the ratio [NH4+]/[ NH3]?
b. What does the pH become if 20% of the NH4+ ions are converted to
ammonia?
c. What does the pH become if 25% of the NH3 molecules are converted to
NH4+?
Answer:
+
NH 4
a. [OH-] = Kb.
[NH 3]
10-5 = 5, 8 x 10-10
+
NH 4
[ NH 3]
10 5
5,8 x 1010
+
NH 4
[ NH 3]
+
NH 4
[NH 3]
10
5,8
NH4+dikonversike NH3
b. 20
NH 4 +
NH 3
[OH ] = Kb.
105
20 x 5,8
105
1,16
105
1,16
31
KIMIA DASAR II
= 5,8 x10
-10
105
1,16
= 5 x10-5
pOH = 5x10-5
= 5 log 5
pH = 14 (5 log 5)
= 9 + log 5
= 9, 7
+
c.
NH 4
NH 3
25 .105
5,8
25 x 10
1
58 x 10
[OH ]= 5,8 x 10
25 x 10
1
58 x 10
-10
145 x 10
1
58 x 10
= 2,5 x 10-6
pOH = 6 log 2,5
pH = 14 (6 log 2,5)
= 8 + log 2,5
= 8,4
32
KIMIA DASAR II
35. Which of the following would form a buffer if added to one liter of 0.20 M
NaOH ?
a. 0.10 mol HC2H3O2
b. 0.30 mol HC2H3O2\
c. 0.10 mol NaC2H3O2
d. 0.20 molHCl
Explain your reasoning in each case
Answer:
NaOH = 0,2 M x 1 L = 0,2 mol
a. Ditambahkan 0,1 mol CH3COOH(aq) (tidak terjadi buffer, karena sisa basa
kuat)
NaOH(aq)
CH3COOH(aq)
m:
0,2
0,1
b:
0,1
0,1
s:
0,1
CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)
CH3COOH(aq)
CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)
m:
0,2
0,3
b:
0,2
0,2
0,2
s:
0,1
0,2
c. ditambahkan 0,1 mol CH3COONa(aq) (tidak terjadi buffer, karena sisa basa
kuat)
NaOH(aq)+
CH3COONa(aq)
CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)
m:
0,2
0,1
b:
0,1
0,1
0,1
s:
0,1
0,1
33
KIMIA DASAR II
d. Ditambahkan 0,2 mol HCl (aq) (tidak terjadi buffer, karena sisa basa kuat)
NaOH(aq)
HCl(aq)
NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
m:
0,2
0,1
b:
0,1
0,1
0,1
s:
0,1
0,1
36. Which of the following would form a buffer if added to one liter of 0.20 M
HC2H3O2?
a. 0.10 mol NaC2H3O2
b. 0.10 molNaOH
c. 0.30 molNaOH
d. 0.10 molHCl
Explain your answer.
Answer:
CH3COOH(aq) = 0,2 M x 1 L = 0,2 mol
a. ditambahkan 0,1 mol CH3COONa(aq) (terjadi buffer, karena sisa asam
lemah)
CH3COOH(aq) +CH3COONa(aq)
m:
0,2
0,1
b:
0,1
0,1
s:
0,1
CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)
b. ditambahkan 0,1 mol NaOH(aq) (terjadi buffer, karena sisa asam lemah)
CH3COOH( (aq)+
NaOH(aq)
CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)
m:
0,2
0,1
b:
0,1
0,1
0,1
s:
0,1
0,1
34
KIMIA DASAR II
c. ditambahkan 0,3 mol NaOH(aq) (tidak terjadi buffer, karena sisa basa kuat)
CH3COOH( (aq)+
NaOH(aq)
CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)
m:
0,2
0,3
b:
0,2
0,2
0,2
s:
0,1
0,2
d. ditambahkan 0,1 mol HCl (aq) (terjadi buffer, karena sisa asam lemah)
CH3COOH (aq)
HCl(aq)
m:
0,2
0,1
b:
0,1
0,1
0,1
s:
0,1
0,1
2
74
MolNaOH
0,45
40
= 0,027
= 0,01125
35
KIMIA DASAR II
m: 0,027
0,01125
b: 0,01125
0,01125
0,01125
s: 0,01575
0,01125
=1,4 x 10-5
0,01575
0,01125
7
5
= 1,96 x 10-5
pH = 5 log 1,96
= 5 0,29
= 4,71
36
KIMIA DASAR II
37
KIMIA DASAR II