YEAR 9 MY LIFE IN BALANCE REVISION SHEET

1) What is an antigen?
A toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the
body, especially the production of antibodies.

2) Describe how immunisation works to protect us against disease?

All forms of immunisation work in the same way. When someone is injected with,
or swallows, a vaccine, their body produces antibodies in the same way it would
following exposure to the actual disease. If they are ever exposed to the disease
(pathogen) again their body can quickly fight it so that it does not reproduce to
levels that will cause illness.
3) Give an example for each of the bodies three levels of defence against
disease
First level: Skin, Mucus, Stomach Acid, Cilia, Saliva
Second level: Interferon for viruses, Inflammatory Response, White Blood Cells,
Granulocytes, Lymphocytes etc
Third level: Production of Antibodies

4) Describe what happens to the body when it has an inflammatory response to

infection?
Capillaries dilate and walls become leaky. Pyrogens are released which reach
hypothalamus causing body temperature to rises. Pain receptors activate and,
WBCs flock to infected area like sharks to blood to engulf pathogens.
5) Arteries carry deoxygenated blood. True or False.
6) The Large Intestine plays a role in both Digestion and Excretion. True or
False.
7) Which of the following is in correct order of increasing complexity? (Circle the
correct answer)
a) cell, organelle, organ, tissue
organelle
c) organelle, cell, tissue, organ
organelle

b) tissue, cell, organ,

d) organ, tissue, cell,

8) What is a tissue? (Not Kleenex )

A tissue is a grouping together of cells of the same type e.g. Muscle is made
of groups of muscle cells.

9) Label the structures 1-6 on the heart diagram below

10)

1) Pulmonary Artery, 2) Right Atrium, 3) Right Ventricle, 4) Aorta, 5)

Left Atrium, Left Ventricle
What is homeostasis?
The ability of the body to maintain a relatively constant internal
environment

11)
Describe in detail how the human body maintains temperature balance in
a hot climate. (Be sure to mention the nervous, endocrine and circulatory
systems in your response).
If it is hot our body sweats. Nerve messages (nervous system) are sent to
the hypothalamus (endocrine system) which produces more sweat and
directs more blood flow (circulatory system) to the skin to aid in cooling.
Heat from the body causes the sweat to evaporate. The rate of
evaporation is related to the body, the surrounding temperature and the
humidity.
12)

List 3 positive and 3 negative aspects of immunisation in the table below:

Positive aspects of immunisation

Negative aspects of immunisation

1) Low death rates

1) Possible allergic reaction.

2) low infection rates

2) Lack of immunity after vaccination.

3) Prevents spread of disease.

3) Side effects could be longer lasting.

4) Mild side effects

4) Death

5) Reduces severity of disease.

5) Not 100% safe