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Slide 1
Slide 2
Excitation
Rectifier
G
E
N
E
R
A
T
I
O
N
Yaw Drives
Pitch Drives
Slide 3
UPS (optional)
Control cabinet
LV Switchgear
Transformer
MV Switchgear
Inverters
C
O
N
V
E
R
S
I
O
N
Slide 4
Slide 5
Slide 6
max.
60
sec.
Normal continuous
operation
Frequency [Hz]
fR + 7 Hz
fR
80
90
100
120
145
fR - 7 Hz
Slide 7
Standard
Active power
Operating
point
Apparent power S:
important for inverter,
physical current limit
of IGBTs
STATCOM Option
Reactive power
Sales - Grid Integration 6.12.2012
Slide 8
Example: required
0.95 exp < cos > 0.95 imp
Active
power
20kV
400V
400V
At the 400V
terminals
of the WEC
20kV
at PoC
PoC
400V
QExport
20kV
110kV
Result
QImport
PQ range of a sum of WECs is different from PQ-range of the whole Wind Power Plant at PoC!!!
Sales - Grid Integration 6.12.2012
Slide 9
U disturbance
(external reasons)
Q(U)-Controller
response <1s
Slide 10
Pactu al
Pref
kW
9 50
9 00
8 50
8 00
Pboost = 10%Prated
7 50
6 50
5 50
7 00
6 00
5 00
ENERCON E-82
operating at
partial wind
conditions
4 50
4 00
3 50
3 00
2 50
2 00
0.0
2.0
4 .0
6.0
8.0
10 .0
1 2.0
14.0
16 .0 1 8.0
20.0
2 2.0
24.0
s
Slide 11
Slide 12
P(f): Inertia
Balancing: Low negative sequence impedance
Power Quality: Sink for low order harmonics
System security: High short circuit current contribution
(Damping: Mitigation of P oscillations by PSS)
Slide 13
At least:
Need storages
P(f): Inertia
Slide 14
50,03 Hz
48,19 Hz
50,03 Hz
Consequence:
Agreement of power system
operators and industry is
desirable on how to filter
measured signals, to
determine meaningful U and f.
Slide 15
100%
Instantaneous
penetration
Smooting
of P?
Neg.sequence?
80%
Primary
response?
Black Start
Capability?
Inertia?
FRT
Damping
Control?
50,2 Hz
20%
Slide 16
100%
Instantaneous
penetration
Smooting
of P?
Neg.sequence?
80%
Primary
response?
Black Start
Capability?
Inertia?
FRT
Damping
Control?
50,2 Hz
20%
Slide 17
Slide 18